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Danielsen PH, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Clausen PA, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Vogel U. Physicochemical properties of 26 carbon nanotubes as predictors for pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response in mice following intratracheal lung exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104413. [PMID: 38485102 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) vary in physicochemical properties which makes risk assessment challenging. Mice were pulmonary exposed to 26 well-characterized CNTs using the same experimental design and followed for one day, 28 days or 3 months. This resulted in a unique dataset, which was used to identify physicochemical predictors of pulmonary inflammation and systemic acute phase response. MWCNT diameter and SWCNT specific surface area were predictive of lower and higher neutrophil influx, respectively. Manganese and iron were shown to be predictive of higher neutrophil influx at day 1 post-exposure, whereas nickel content interestingly was predictive of lower neutrophil influx at all three time points and of lowered acute phase response at day 1 and 3 months post-exposure. It was not possible to separate effects of properties such as specific surface area and length in the multiple regression analyses due to co-variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 5330 Majorstuen, Oslo 0304, Norway; Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen K DK-1014, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Anker Engelunds Vej 1, Lyngby DK-2800 Kgs, Denmark.
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2
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Audira G, Lee JS, Vasquez RD, Roldan MJM, Lai YH, Hsiao CD. Assessments of carbon nanotubes toxicities in zebrafish larvae using multiple physiological and molecular endpoints. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110925. [PMID: 38452846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the most promising materials for the technology industry. However, due to the extensive usage of these materials, they may be released into the environment, and cause toxicities to the organism. Here, their acute toxicities in zebrafish embryos and larvae were evaluated by using various assessments that may provide us with a novel perspective on their effects on aquatic animals. Before conducting the toxicity assessments, the CNTs were characterized as multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which improved their solubility and dispersibility. Based on the results, abnormalities in zebrafish behaviors were observed in the exposed groups, indicated by a reduction in tail coiling frequency and alterations in the locomotion as the response toward photo and vibration stimuli that might be due to the disruption in the neuromodulatory system and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MWCNTs. Next, based on the respiratory rate assay, exposed larvae consumed more oxygen, which may be due to the injuries in the larval gill by the MWCNTs. Finally, even though no irregularity was observed in the exposed larval cardiac rhythm, abnormalities were shown in their cardiac physiology and blood flow with significant downregulation in several cardiac development-related gene expressions. To sum up, although the following studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanism of their toxicity, the current study demonstrated the environmental implications of MWCNTs in particularly low concentrations and short-term exposure, especially to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, 900391, Taiwan
| | - Ross D Vasquez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines
| | - Marri Jmelou M Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Espana Blvd., Manila, 1015, Philippines
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Center of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan.
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3
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Wolff H, Vogel U. Recent progress in the EU classification of the health hazards associated with certain multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs): what about the other MWCNTs? Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:119-121. [PMID: 38412222 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2321885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Wolff
- Laboratory of Pathology, Finnish institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dumit VI, Liu Y, Bahl A, Kohonen P, Grafström RC, Nymark P, Müller‐Graf C, Haase A, Pink M. Meta-Analysis of Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic Data Discerns Structure-Activity Relationship of Carbon Materials with Different Morphologies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306268. [PMID: 38116877 PMCID: PMC10916575 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The Fiber Pathogenicity Paradigm (FPP) establishes connections between fiber structure, durability, and disease-causing potential observed in materials like asbestos and synthetic fibers. While emerging nanofibers are anticipated to exhibit pathogenic traits according to the FPP, their nanoscale diameter limits rigidity, leading to tangling and loss of fiber characteristics. The absence of validated rigidity measurement methods complicates nanofiber toxicity assessment. By comprehensively analyzing 89 transcriptomics and 37 proteomics studies, this study aims to enhance carbon material toxicity understanding and proposes an alternative strategy to assess morphology-driven toxicity. Carbon materials are categorized as non-fibrous, high aspect ratio with shorter lengths, tangled, and rigid fibers. Mitsui-7 serves as a benchmark for pathogenic fibers. The meta-analysis reveals distinct cellular changes for each category, effectively distinguishing rigid fibers from other carbon materials. Subsequently, a robust random forest model is developed to predict morphology, unveiling the pathogenicity of previously deemed non-pathogenic NM-400 due to its secondary structures. This study fills a crucial gap in nanosafety by linking toxicological effects to material morphology, in particular regarding fibers. It demonstrates the significant impact of morphology on toxicological behavior and the necessity of integrating morphological considerations into regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica I. Dumit
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Department of Chemical and Product SafetyMax‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–1010589BerlinGermany
| | - Yuk‐Chien Liu
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Department of Chemical and Product SafetyMax‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–1010589BerlinGermany
| | - Aileen Bahl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Department of Chemical and Product SafetyMax‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–1010589BerlinGermany
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetNobels väg 13Stockholm17177Sweden
| | - Roland C. Grafström
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetNobels väg 13Stockholm17177Sweden
| | - Penny Nymark
- Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetNobels väg 13Stockholm17177Sweden
| | - Christine Müller‐Graf
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Department of Chemical and Product SafetyMax‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–1010589BerlinGermany
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Department of Chemical and Product SafetyMax‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–1010589BerlinGermany
| | - Mario Pink
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Department of Chemical and Product SafetyMax‐Dohrn‐Str. 8–1010589BerlinGermany
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Petpiroon N, Netkueakul W, Sukrak K, Wang C, Liang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Li Q, Kamran R, Naruse K, Aueviriyavit S, Takahashi K. Development of lung tissue models and their applications. Life Sci 2023; 334:122208. [PMID: 37884207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are important organs that play a critical role in the development of specific diseases, as well as responding to the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental pollutants. Due to the ethical concerns around animal testing, alternative methods have been sought which are more time-effective, do not pose ethical issues for animals, do not involve species differences, and provide easy investigation of the pathobiology of lung diseases. Several national and international organizations are working to accelerate the development and implementation of structurally and functionally complex tissue models as alternatives to animal testing, particularly for the lung. Unfortunately, to date, there is no lung tissue model that has been accepted by regulatory agencies for use in inhalation toxicology. This review discusses the challenges involved in developing a relevant lung tissue model derived from human cells such as cell lines, primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells. It also introduces examples of two-dimensional (2D) air-liquid interface and monocultured and co-cultured three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, particularly organoid culture and 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, it reviews development of the lung-on-a-chip model to mimic the microenvironment and physiological performance. The applications of lung tissue models in various studies, especially disease modeling, viral respiratory infection, and environmental toxicology will be also introduced. The development of a relevant lung tissue model is extremely important for standardizing and validation the in vitro models for inhalation toxicity and other studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinrat Petpiroon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Woranan Netkueakul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sukrak
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Thailand Network Center on Air Quality Management: TAQM, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chen Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yin Liang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yun Liu
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rumaisa Kamran
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Mehrotra S, Dey S, Sachdeva K, Mohanty S, Mandal BB. Recent advances in tailoring stimuli-responsive hybrid scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering and allied applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10297-10331. [PMID: 37905467 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
To recapitulate bio-physical properties and functional behaviour of native heart tissues, recent tissue engineering-based approaches are focused on developing smart/stimuli-responsive materials for interfacing cardiac cells. Overcoming the drawbacks of the traditionally used biomaterials, these smart materials portray outstanding mechanical and conductive properties while promoting cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix transduction cues in such excitable tissues. To date, a large number of stimuli-responsive materials have been employed for interfacing cardiac tissues alone or in combination with natural/synthetic materials for cardiac tissue engineering. However, their comprehensive classification and a comparative analysis of the role played by these materials in regulating cardiac cell behaviour and in vivo metabolism are much less discussed. In an attempt to cover the recent advances in fabricating stimuli-responsive biomaterials for engineering cardiac tissues, this review details the role of these materials in modulating cardiomyocyte behaviour, functionality and surrounding matrix properties. Furthermore, concerns and challenges regarding the clinical translation of these materials and the possibility of using such materials for the fabrication of bio-actuators and bioelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
| | - Kunj Sachdeva
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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7
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Francis AP, Meenakshi DU, Ganapathy S, Devasena T. Evaluating the ameliorative effect of nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog against extrapulmonary toxicity in rat induced by inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotube. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29749-2. [PMID: 37710065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exposure in human beings through inhalation may affect pulmonary organs and extrapulmonary organs including liver, kidney, brain, spleen, etc. The toxic effects developed as the result of CNTs exposure made us to explore the beneficial effect of nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog (NBDMCA) towards multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-induced toxicity in extrapulmonary organs. The current study described the ameliorative effect of NBDMCA against the toxic effects developed by inhaled MWCNTs in the extrapulmonary organs. The rats are exposed to the fixed aerosol concentration of 5 mg/m3 maintained in inhalation exposure chambers MWCNTs for 15 days as per OECD guidelines. After the exposure with MWCNTs, the animals were treated with NBDMCA (5 mg/kg body weight) with different dose frequencies, i.e., 2 doses per week for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. After treatment duration, the blood was drawn from retro-orbital vein and subjected to biochemical and cytokine analysis. Further the animals were euthanized, and the sample tissues were collected and performed oxidative stress and histopathology. The study results revealed that the intravenous administration of NBDMCA suppresses the extrapulmonary toxicity induced by MWCNTs, i.e., annulling the clinical changes and oxidative stress in various extrapulmonary organs at low doses of NBDMCA, evidenced its antioxidant efficacy. Moreover, use of increased doses provides better reduction in toxic symptoms with negligible side effects confirming the dose-dependent efficacy of NBDMCA. Overall, we suggested that NBDMCA may materialize into an effective compound for the reduction of MWCNTs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | | | - Selvam Ganapathy
- International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IBAT), Padappai, 601301, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Devasena
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.
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Berthing T, Lard M, Danielsen PH, Abariute L, Barfod KK, Adolfsson K, Knudsen KB, Wolff H, Prinz CN, Vogel U. Pulmonary toxicity and translocation of gallium phosphide nanowires to secondary organs following pulmonary exposure in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:322. [PMID: 37679803 PMCID: PMC10483739 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND III-V semiconductor nanowires are envisioned as being integrated in optoelectronic devices in the near future. However, the perspective of mass production of these nanowires raises concern for human safety due to their asbestos- and carbon nanotube-like properties, including their high aspect ratio shape. Indeed, III-V nanowires have similar dimensions as Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which induce lung cancer by inhalation in rats. It is therefore urgent to investigate the toxicological effects following lung exposure to III-V nanowires prior to their use in industrial production, which entails risk of human exposure. Here, female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2, 6, and 18 µg (0.12, 0.35 and 1.1 mg/kg bw) of gallium phosphide (III-V) nanowires (99 nm diameter, 3.7 μm length) by intratracheal instillation and the toxicity was investigated 1, 3, 28 days and 3 months after exposure. Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon black Printex 90 nanoparticles were used as benchmark nanomaterials. RESULTS Gallium phosphide nanowires induced genotoxicity in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and acute inflammation with eosinophilia observable both in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue (1 and 3 days post-exposure). The inflammatory response was comparable to the response following exposure to Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes at similar dose levels. The nanowires underwent partial dissolution in the lung resulting in thinner nanowires, with an estimated in vivo half-life of 3 months. Despite the partial dissolution, nanowires were detected in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, uterus and brain 3 months after exposure. CONCLUSION Pulmonary exposure to gallium phosphide nanowires caused similar toxicological effects as the multi-walled carbon nanotube Mitsui-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Berthing
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mercy Lard
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
| | | | - Laura Abariute
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
- Phase Holographic Imaging PHI AB, Lund, 224 78, Sweden
| | - Kenneth K Barfod
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, Microbiology and Fermentation, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Adolfsson
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
- Axis Communications AB, Lund, 223 69, Sweden
| | - Kristina B Knudsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Bengalli RD, Zerbi G, Lucotti A, Catelani T, Mantecca P. Carbon nanotubes: Structural defects as stressors inducing lung cell toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110613. [PMID: 37353135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is matter of concern since very long time. However, their mechanism of toxicity is still not yet well defined. In this work, the role of structural defects as organic stressors of CNTs able to trigger their potential toxicity is investigated. Four commercial CNTs, with different carbon purity grade, are morphologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the relative amount of structural defects are estimated through Raman spectroscopy, by measuring the intensity ratio D/G (ID/IG). The oxidative potential of CNTs is evaluated with cytochrome-C assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. Data show that CNTs with larger amounts of structural defects (higher ID/IG ratio) induce an increased ROS generation and consequent cytotoxicity and cellular damage, shown by TEM images of CNTs-cells interaction. Raman analyses of cells exposed to CNTs point out that the spectra of the CNTs inside the cells show no differences with respect of the signal recorded for cell-free CNTs, evidencing their biopersistence in lung cells. Raman spectra cannot provide direct indication of the existence of metals as impurity. It follows that the intensity ratio ID/IG can be taken as a predictive marker of the toxicity of a given CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Daniela Bengalli
- POLARIS Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Zerbi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Microscopy Facility, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- POLARIS Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
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10
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Barthel H, Sébillaud S, Lorcin M, Wolff H, Viton S, Cosnier F, Gaté L, Seidel C. Needlelike, short and thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes: comparison of effects on wild type and p53 +/- rat lungs. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:270-288. [PMID: 37126100 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2204933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials presenting an occupational inhalation risk during production or handling. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified one CNT, Mitsui-7 (MWNT-7), as 'possibly carcinogenic to humans'. In recognition of their similarities, a proposal has been submitted to the risk assessment committee of ECHA to classify all fibers with 'Fibre Paradigm' (FP)-compatible dimensions as carcinogenic. However, there is a lack of clarity surrounding the toxicity of fibers that do not fit the FP criteria. In this study, we compared the effects of the FP-compatible Mitsui-7, to those of NM-403, a CNT that is too short and thin to fit the paradigm. Female Sprague Dawley rats deficient for p53 (GMO) and wild type (WT) rats were exposed to the two CNTs (0.25 mg/rat/week) by intratracheal instillation. Animals (GMO and WT) were exposed weekly for four consecutive weeks and were sacrificed 3 days or 8 months after the last instillation. Exposure to both CNTs induced acute lung inflammation. However, persistent inflammation at 8 months was only observed in the lungs of rats exposed to NM-403. In addition to the persistent inflammation, NM-403 stimulated hyperplasic changes in rat lungs, and no adenomas or carcinomas were detected. The degree and extent of hyperplasia was significantly more pronounced in GMO rats. These results suggest that CNT not meeting the FP criteria can cause persistent inflammation and hyperplasia. Consequently, their health effects should be carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Barthel
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiophatologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sylvie Sébillaud
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mylène Lorcin
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stéphane Viton
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Gaté
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Carole Seidel
- French Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Toxicology and Biomonitoring Division, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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11
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Pu Z, Wei Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhu S. Carbon Nanotubes as Carriers in Drug Delivery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Mechanistic Analysis of Their Carcinogenic Potential, Safety Profiling and Identification of Biomarkers. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6157-6180. [PMID: 36523423 PMCID: PMC9744892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s384592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global burden leading to millions of deaths worldwide every year. Nanomedicine refers to the use of materials at the nanoscale for drug delivery and subsequent therapeutic approaches in cancer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used as nanocarriers for therapeutic molecules such as plasmids, siRNAs, antisense agents, aptamers and molecules related to the immunotherapy for several cancers. They are usually functionalized and loaded with standard drug molecules to improve their therapeutic efficiency. Functionalization and drug loading possibly decrease the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of CNTs. In addition, the targeted cytotoxic properties of the drug improve and undesired toxicity decreases after drug loading and/or conjugation with proteins, including antibodies. For intended drug delivery, a lysosomal pH of 5.5 is more suitable and effective for the slow and extended release of cytotoxic drugs than a physiological of pH 7.4. Remarkably, CNTs possess intrinsic antitumor properties and are usually internalized by endocytosis. After being internalized, several mechanisms are involved in the therapeutic and carcinogenic effects of CNTs. They are generally safe for therapy, and their toxicity profile remains dependent on their physicochemical properties. Moreover, the dose, route, duration of exposure, surface properties and degradative potential determine the toxicity outcomes of CNTs locally or systemically. In summary, the use of CNTs in drug delivery and NSCLC therapy, as well as their genotoxic and carcinogenic potential and the possible mechanisms, has been discussed in this review. The therapeutic index is generally high for NSCLC cells treated with drug-loaded CNTs; therefore, they are effective carriers in implementing targeted therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Pu
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujia Wei
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, Suzhou Wuzhong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haian, 216600, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Zhang G, Luo W, Yang W, Li S, Li D, Zeng Y, Li Y. The importance of the
IL
‐1 family of cytokines in nanoimmunosafety and nanotoxicology. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1850. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Su Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Yanqiao Zeng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
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13
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Sager TM, Umbright CM, Mustafa GM, Roberts JR, Orandle MS, Cumpston JL, McKinney WG, Boots T, Kashon ML, Joseph P. Pulmonary toxicity and gene expression changes in response to whole-body inhalation exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:200-218. [PMID: 35648795 PMCID: PMC9885491 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2081386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary toxicity induced by exposure to one form of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-7).Materials and methods: Rats were exposed, by whole-body inhalation, to air or an aerosol containing MWCNT-7 particles at target cumulative doses (concentration x time) ranging from 22.5 to 180 (mg/m3)h over a three-day (6 hours/day) period and toxicity and global gene expression profiles were determined in the lungs.Results: MWCNT-7 particles, associated with alveolar macrophages (AMs), were detected in rat lungs following the exposure. Mild to moderate lung pathological changes consisting of increased cellularity, thickening of the alveolar wall, alveolitis, fibrosis, and granuloma formation were detected. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) toxicity parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase activity, number of AMs and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), intracellular oxidant generation by phagocytes, and levels of cytokines were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in response to exposure to MWCNT-7. Global gene expression profiling identified several significantly differentially expressed genes (fold change >1.5 and FDR p value <0.05) in all the MWCNT-7 exposed rats. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression data identified significant enrichment of several diseases/biological function categories (for example, cancer, leukocyte migration, inflammatory response, mitosis, and movement of phagocytes) and canonical pathways (for example, kinetochore metaphase signaling pathway, granulocyte and agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, acute phase response, and LXR/RXR activation). The alterations in the lung toxicity parameters and gene expression changes exhibited a dose-response to the MWCNT exposure.Conclusions: Taken together, the data provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary toxicity induced by inhalation exposure of rats to MWCNT-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M. Sager
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christina M. Umbright
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gul Mehnaz Mustafa
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenny R. Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Marlene S. Orandle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jared L. Cumpston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Walter G. McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Theresa Boots
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael L. Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Pius Joseph
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
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14
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Li Y, Li B, Liu Y, Qu Y, Tian J, Li W. A wrinkled nanosurface causes accelerated protein unfolding revealing its critical role in nanotoxicity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30976-30984. [PMID: 36349047 PMCID: PMC9619238 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05489b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wrinkles are often found to have a strong influence on the properties of nanomaterials and have attracted extensive research interest. However, the consequences of the use of wrinkled nanomaterials in biological systems remain largely unknown. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the interactions of a wrinkled graphene with proteins, using the villin headpiece (HP35) as the representative model. Our results clearly revealed that the wrinkle, especially the wrinkle corner, showed stronger binding affinity to HP35 than the planar surface where HP35 experienced accelerated and more severe unfolding. This is because the transverse translocation of the aromatic residues of the protein is highly confined at the wrinkle corner. The movement of other parts of the protein causes unfolding of the protein secondary structure and releases hydrophobic residues to bind to graphene, causing complete denaturation. Further free energy analyses revealed that this is attributed to the stronger binding affinity of residues to the wrinkle corner than to the planar surface. The present findings provide a deeper understanding of the effect of graphene wrinkles on protein stability. This finding may be generalized to other types of biomolecules and may also guide the design of biomedical nanomaterials through surface structural engineering. Wrinkled nanosurface can cause more severe protein distorsions than planar nanosurface because of stronger interactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Baoyu Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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15
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Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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16
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Fujita K, Obara S, Maru J. Pulmonary toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of submicron-diameter carbon fibers with different diameters and lengths. Toxicology 2021; 466:153063. [PMID: 34890706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Submicron-diameter carbon fibers (SCFs) are a type of fine-diameter fibrous carbon material that can be used in various applications. To accelerate their practical application, a hazard assessment of SCFs must be undertaken. This study demonstrated the pulmonary toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of three types of SCFs with different diameters and lengths. The average diameter and length of SCFs were 259.2 nm and 11.7 μm in SCF1 suspensions, 248.5 nm and 6.7 μm in SCF2 suspensions, and 183.0 nm and 13.7 μm in SCF3 suspensions, respectively. The results of pulmonary inflammation and recovery following intratracheal instillation with SCFs at doses of 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg showed that the pulmonary toxicity of SCFs was SCF3 > SCF1 > SCF2. These results suggest that SCF diameter and length are most likely important contributing factors associated with lung SCF clearance, pulmonary inflammation, and recovery. Furthermore, SCFs are less pulmonary toxic than bent multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokine and intracellular reactive oxygen species productions, morphological changes, gene expression profiling in NR8383 rat alveolar macrophage cells showed that the cytotoxic potency of SCFs is: SCF3 > SCF1 > SCF2. These results showed that SCFs with small diameters had high cytotoxicity, and SCFs with short lengths had low cytotoxicity. We conclude that pulmonary toxicity and cytotoxicity are associated with the diameter and length distributions of SCFs. In addition, a standard battery for genotoxicity testing, namely the Ames test, an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and a mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, demonstrated that the three types of SCFs did not induce genotoxicity. Our findings provide new evidence for evaluating the potential toxicity of not only SCFs used in this study but also various SCFs which differ depending on the manufacturing processes or physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Sawae Obara
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Junko Maru
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
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17
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Buitrago E, Novello AM, Fink A, Riediker M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Meyer T. NanoSafe III: A User Friendly Safety Management System for Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Small Facilities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2768. [PMID: 34685208 PMCID: PMC8541324 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research in nanoscience continues to bring forward a steady stream of new nanomaterials and processes that are being developed and marketed. While scientific committees and expert groups deal with the harmonization of terminology and legal challenges, risk assessors in research labs continue to have to deal with the gap between regulations and rapidly developing information. The risk assessment of nanomaterial processes is currently slow and tedious because it is performed on a material-by-material basis. Safety data sheets are rarely available for (new) nanomaterials, and even when they are, they often lack nano-specific information. Exposure estimations or measurements are difficult to perform and require sophisticated and expensive equipment and personal expertise. The use of banding-based risk assessment tools for laboratory environments is an efficient way to evaluate the occupational risks associated with nanomaterials. Herein, we present an updated version of our risk assessment tool for working with nanomaterials based on a three-step control banding approach and the precautionary principle. The first step is to determine the hazard band of the nanomaterial. A decision tree allows the assignment of the material to one of three bands based on known or expected effects on human health. In the second step, the work exposure is evaluated and the processes are classified into three "nano" levels for each specific hazard band. The work exposure is estimated using a laboratory exposure model. The result of this calculation in combination with recommended occupational exposure limits (rOEL) for nanomaterials and an additional safety factor gives the final "nano" level. Finally, we update the technical, organizational, and personal protective measures to allow nanomaterial processes to be established in research environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.B.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Anna Maria Novello
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.B.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Alke Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Ch. des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.F.); (B.R.-R.)
| | - Michael Riediker
- SCOEH: Swiss Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Binzhofstrasse 87, CH-8404 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Ch. des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.F.); (B.R.-R.)
| | - Thierry Meyer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Group of Chemical and Physical Safety (ISIC-GSCP), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Cosnier F, Seidel C, Valentino S, Schmid O, Bau S, Vogel U, Devoy J, Gaté L. Retained particle surface area dose drives inflammation in rat lungs following acute, subacute, and subchronic inhalation of nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:29. [PMID: 34353337 PMCID: PMC8340536 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An important aspect of nanomaterial (NM) risk assessment is establishing relationships between physicochemical properties and key events governing the toxicological pathway leading to adverse outcomes. The difficulty of NM grouping can be simplified if the most toxicologically relevant dose metric is used to assess the toxicological dose-response. Here, we thoroughly investigated the relationship between acute and chronic inflammation (based on polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx (% PMN) in lung bronchoalveolar lavage) and the retained surface area in the lung. Inhalation studies were performed in rats with three classes of NMs: titanium dioxides (TiO2) and carbon blacks (CB) as poorly soluble particles of low toxicity (PSLT), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We compared our results to published data from nearly 30 rigorously selected articles. Results This analysis combined data specially generated for this work on three benchmark materials - TiO2 P25, the CB Printex-90 and the MWCNT MWNT-7 - following subacute (4-week) inhalation with published data relating to acute (1-week) to subchronic (13-week) inhalation exposure to the classes of NMs considered. Short and long post-exposure recovery times (immediately after exposure up to more than 6 months) allowed us to examine both acute and chronic inflammation. A dose-response relationship across short-term and long-term studies was revealed linking pulmonary retained surface area dose (measured or estimated) and % PMN. This relationship takes the form of sigmoid curves, and is independent of the post-exposure time. Curve fitting equations depended on the class of NM considered, and sometimes on the duration of exposure. Based on retained surface area, long and thick MWCNTs (few hundred nm long with an aspect ratio greater than 25) had a higher inflammatory potency with 5 cm2/g lung sufficient to trigger an inflammatory response (at 6% PMN), whereas retained surfaces greater than 150 cm2/g lung were required for PSLT. Conclusions Retained surface area is a useful metric for hazard grouping purposes. This metric would apply to both micrometric and nanometric materials, and could obviate the need for direct measurement in the lung. Indeed, it could alternatively be estimated from dosimetry models using the aerosol parameters (rigorously determined following a well-defined aerosol characterization strategy). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00419-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Carole Seidel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Valentino
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich (CPC-M) - Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Bau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology by DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jérôme Devoy
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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19
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Ganesan R, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Sadhasivam DR, Subramanian R, Vimalraj S, Suk KT. Carbon Nanotubes Induce Metabolomic Profile Disturbances in Zebrafish: NMR-Based Metabolomics Platform. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:688827. [PMID: 34277704 PMCID: PMC8283261 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.688827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the metabolic effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. However, there is no significant information available regarding the characterization of organic molecules, and metabolites with SWCNT exposure. Noninvasive biofluid methods have improved our understanding of SWCNT metabolism in zebrafish in recent years. Here, we used targeted metabolomics to quantify a set of metabolites within biological systems. SWCNT at various concentrations was given to zebrafish, and the metabolites were extracted using two immiscible solvent systems, methanol and chloroform. Metabolomics profiling was used in association with univariate and multivariate data analysis to determine metabolomic phenotyping. The metabolites, malate, oxalacetate, phenylaniline, taurine, sn-glycero-3-phosphate, glycine, N-acetyl mate, lactate, ATP, AMP, valine, pyruvate, ADP, serine, niacinamide are significantly impacted. The metabolism of amino acids, energy and nucleotides are influenced by SWCNT which might indicate a disturbance in metabolic reaction networks. In conclusion, using high-throughput analytical methods, we provide a perspective of metabolic impacts and the underlying associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Center for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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20
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Nanoparticles as a Tool in Neuro-Oncology Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070948. [PMID: 34202660 PMCID: PMC8309086 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of nanotechnology and the development of novel nanomaterials with unique physicochemical characteristics provides potential for the utility of nanomaterials in theranostics, including neuroimaging, for identifying neurodegenerative changes or central nervous system malignancy. Here we present a systematic and thorough review of the current evidence pertaining to the imaging characteristics of various nanomaterials, their associated toxicity profiles, and mechanisms for enhancing tropism in an effort to demonstrate the utility of nanoparticles as an imaging tool in neuro-oncology. Particular attention is given to carbon-based and metal oxide nanoparticles and their theranostic utility in MRI, CT, photoacoustic imaging, PET imaging, fluorescent and NIR fluorescent imaging, and SPECT imaging.
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21
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Zhang X, Luo M, Zhang J, Yao Z, Zhu J, Yang S, Zhu Q, Shen T. Carbon nanotubes promote alveolar macrophages toward M2 polarization mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:588-604. [PMID: 33840345 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1905098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With substantial progress of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications. There is rising concern about potential adverse health effects, such as pulmonary fibrosis, related to inhalation of CNTs. The detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis induced by CNTs are still not clear. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) are considered as critical events in pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) polarization plays a key role of regulating EMT and FMT in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we applied CNTs to stimulate primary mouse AMs under M1 or M2 polarization conditions, then analyzed the proportion of F4/80+CD11c+ or F4/80+CD206+ AMs, mRNA expression and activities of iNOS or Arg-1, as well as mRNA expression and content of TNF-α and IL-6 or TGF-β and IL-10 to evaluate dynamic phenotypic and functional changes of AMs. Single-walled CNT (SWCNT), short-type multi-walled CNT (MWCNT), and long-type MWCNT exposure at dose of 50 µg/ml promote AMs polarization toward M1 phenotype at early stage, while promote AMs polarization toward M2 phenotype at late stage. The roles of AMs polarization during development of EMT and FMT were further investigated by conditioned medium (CM) experiments. CNTs-activated M2 AMs promote progression of EMT and FMT via secreting TGF-β. Furthermore, up-regulating IRF4 may be involved in CNTs-induced M2 AMs polarization. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a new insight that CNTs exposure promotes AMs polarization toward M2 phenotype which facilitate EMT and FMT through secreting TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhuomeng Yao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shuxin Yang
- Department of Medical Aspects of Specific Environments, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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22
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Murphy F, Dekkers S, Braakhuis H, Ma-Hock L, Johnston H, Janer G, di Cristo L, Sabella S, Jacobsen NR, Oomen AG, Haase A, Fernandes T, Stone V. An integrated approach to testing and assessment of high aspect ratio nanomaterials and its application for grouping based on a common mesothelioma hazard. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100314. [PMID: 35559971 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the development of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) to support the grouping of different types (nanoforms; NFs) of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials (HARNs), based on their potential to cause mesothelioma. Hazards posed by the inhalation of HARNs are of particular concern as they exhibit physical characteristics similar to pathogenic asbestos fibres. The approach for grouping HARNs presented here is part of a framework to provide guidance and tools to group similar NFs and aims to reduce the need to assess toxicity on a case-by-case basis. The approach to grouping is hypothesis-driven, in which the hypothesis is based on scientific evidence linking critical physicochemical descriptors for NFs to defined fate/toxicokinetic and hazard outcomes. The HARN IATA prompts users to address relevant questions (at decision nodes; DNs) regarding the morphology, biopersistence and inflammatory potential of the HARNs under investigation to provide the necessary evidence to accept or reject the grouping hypothesis. Each DN in the IATA is addressed in a tiered manner, using data from simple in vitro or in silico methods in the lowest tier or from in vivo approaches in the highest tier. For these proposed methods we provide justification for the critical descriptors and thresholds that allow grouping decisions to be made. Application of the IATA allows the user to selectively identify HARNs which may pose a mesothelioma hazard, as demonstrated through a literature-based case study. By promoting the use of alternative, non-rodent approaches such as in silico modelling, in vitro and cell-free tests in the initial tiers, the IATA testing strategy streamlines information gathering at all stages of innovation through to regulatory risk assessment while reducing the ethical, time and economic burden of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Murphy
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Dept of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Gemma Janer
- LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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23
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Occupational Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibres: More Than a Cobweb. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030745. [PMID: 33809629 PMCID: PMC8002294 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are erroneously considered as singular material entities. Instead, they should be regarded as a heterogeneous class of materials bearing different properties eliciting particular biological outcomes both in vitro and in vivo. Given the pace at which the industrial production of CNTs/CNFs is increasing, it is becoming of utmost importance to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding their biological activity and their hazardous effects in humans. Animal studies carried out by inhalation showed that some CNTs/CNFs species can cause deleterious effects such as inflammation and lung tissue remodeling. Their physico-chemical properties, biological behavior and biopersistence make them similar to asbestos fibers. Human studies suggest some mild effects in workers handling CNTs/CNFs. However, owing to their cross-sectional design, researchers have been as yet unable to firmly demonstrate a causal relationship between such an exposure and the observed effects. Estimation of acceptable exposure levels should warrant a proper risk management. The aim of this review is to challenge the conception of CNTs/CNFs as a single, unified material entity and prompt the establishment of standardized hazard and exposure assessment methodologies able to properly feed risk assessment and management frameworks.
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24
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Carbon Nanotubes: Probabilistic Approach for Occupational Risk Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020409. [PMID: 33562871 PMCID: PMC7916016 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occupational risk assessment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was performed by means of a probabilistic approach. Chronic and subchronic inhalation exposure studies were retrieved during the hazard identification phase of the study. These studies were then used to obtain a guidance value (BMCh, expressed as a lognormal distribution with geometric mean ± geometric standard deviation = 10.0 ± 4.2 µg/m3) for occupational inhalation exposure to CNTs. An exposure scenario was selected from the scientific literature: three different work events (WEs) related to the production of conductive films were considered: (WE1) manufacturing of single walled carbon nanotubes films during normal operation using local exhaust ventilation (LEV); (WE2) manufacturing of SWCNT film without LEV; and (WE3) cleaning of one of the reactors. For each WE, a probability distribution function was applied, considering exposure expressed as mass concentration, as derived from three different measurement techniques. The ratio of the exposure and the BMCh distributions (i.e., the risk characterization ratio-RCR) was used to calculate the probability of occurrence of a relevant occupational risk. All the considered WEs indicated the presence of a risk (i.e., RCR distributions ≥ 1); however, only WE2 resulted in a statistically significant level of risk.
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25
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Isaxon C, Lovén K, Ludvigsson L, Sivakumar S, Gudmundsson A, Messing ME, Pagels J, Hedmer M. Workplace Emissions and Exposures During Semiconductor Nanowire Production, Post-production, and Maintenance Work. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 64:38-54. [PMID: 31819949 PMCID: PMC6935015 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nanowires are a high-aspect-ratio material of increasing interest for a wide range of applications. A new and promising method to produce nanowires is by aerotaxy, where the wires are grown in a continuous stream of gas. The aerotaxy method can grow nanowires much faster than by more conventional methods. Nanowires have important properties in common with asbestos fibers, which indicate that there can be potential health effects if exposure occurs. No conclusive exposure (or emission) data from aerotaxy-production of nanowires has so far been published. Methods Different work tasks during semiconductor nanowire production, post-production, and maintenance were studied. A combination of direct-reading instruments for number concentration (0.007–20 µm) and filter sampling was used to assess the emissions (a couple of centimeter from the emission sources), the exposure in the personal breathing zone (max 30 cm from nose–mouth), and the concentrations in the background zone (at least 3 m from any emission source). The filters were analyzed for metal dust composition and number concentration of nanowires. Various surfaces were sampled for nanowire contamination. Results The particle concentrations in the emission zone (measured with direct-reading instruments) were elevated during cleaning of arc discharge, manual reactor cleaning, exchange of nanowire outflow filters, and sonication of substrates with nanowires. In the case of cleaning of the arc discharge and manual reactor cleaning, the emissions affected the concentrations in the personal breathing zone and were high enough to also affect the concentrations in the background. Filter analysis with electron microscopy could confirm the presence of nanowires in some of the air samples. Conclusions Our results show that a major part of the potential for exposure occurs not during the actual manufacturing, but during the cleaning and maintenance procedures. The exposures and emissions were evaluated pre- and post-upscaling the production and showed that some work tasks (e.g. exchange of nanowire outflow filters and sonication of substrates with nanowires) increased the emissions post-upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Isaxon
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Lovén
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linus Ludvigsson
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sudhakar Sivakumar
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E Messing
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Pagels
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedmer
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Janer G, Landsiedel R, Wohlleben W. Rationale and decision rules behind the ECETOC NanoApp to support registration of sets of similar nanoforms within REACH. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:145-166. [PMID: 33320695 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1842933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New registration requirements for nanomaterials under REACH consider the possibility to form 'sets of similar nanoforms' for a joined human health and environmental hazard, exposure and risk assessment. We developed a tool to create and justify sets of similar nanoforms and to ensure that each of the nanoforms is sufficiently similar to all other nanoforms. The decision logic is following the ECHA guidance in a transparent and evidence-based manner. For each two nanoforms the properties under consideration are compared and corresponding thresholds for maximal differences are proposed. In tier1, similarity is assessed based on intrinsic properties that mostly correspond to those required for nanoform identification under REACH: composition, impurities/additives, size, crystallinity, shape and surface treatment. Moreover, potential differences in the agglomeration/aggregation state resulting from different production processes are considered. If nanoforms were not sufficiently similar based on tier1 criteria, additional data from functional assays are required in tier2. In rare cases, additional short-term in vivo rodent data could be required in a third tier. Data required by tier 2 are triggered by the intrinsic properties in the first tier that did not match the similarity criteria. Most often this will be data on dissolution and surface reactivity followed by in vitro toxicity, dispersion stability, dustiness. Out of several nanoforms given by the user, the tool concludes which nanoforms could be justified to be in the same set and which nanoforms are outside. It defines the boundaries of sets of similar nanoforms and generates a justification for the REACH registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Janer
- Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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27
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Taylor-Just AJ, Ihrie MD, Duke KS, Lee HY, You DJ, Hussain S, Kodali VK, Ziemann C, Creutzenberg O, Vulpoi A, Turcu F, Potara M, Todea M, van den Brule S, Lison D, Bonner JC. The pulmonary toxicity of carboxylated or aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in mice is determined by the prior purification method. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:60. [PMID: 33243293 PMCID: PMC7690083 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) poses a potential risk to human health. In order to safeguard workers and consumers, the toxic properties of MWCNTs need to be identified. Functionalization has been shown to either decrease or increase MWCNT-related pulmonary injury, depending on the type of modification. We, therefore, investigated both acute and chronic pulmonary toxicity of a library of MWCNTs derived from a common pristine parent compound (NC7000). Methods MWCNTs were thermally or chemically purified and subsequently surface functionalized by carboxylation or amination. To evaluate pulmonary toxicity, male C57BL6 mice were dosed via oropharyngeal aspiration with either 1.6 or 4 mg/kg of each MWCNT type. Mitsui-7 MWCNT was used as a positive control. Necropsy was performed at days 3 and 60 post-exposure to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. Results At day 3 all MWCNTs increased the number of neutrophils in BALF. Chemical purification had a greater effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1) in BALF, while thermal purification had a greater effect on pro-fibrotic cytokines (CCL2, OPN, TGF-β1). At day 60, thermally purified, carboxylated MWCNTs had the strongest effect on lymphocyte numbers in BALF. Thermally purified MWCNTs caused the greatest increase in LDH and total protein in BALF. Furthermore, the thermally purified and carboxyl- or amine-functionalized MWCNTs caused the greatest number of granulomatous lesions in the lungs. The physicochemical characteristics mainly associated with increased toxicity of the thermally purified derivatives were decreased surface defects and decreased amorphous content as indicated by Raman spectroscopy. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the purification method is an important determinant of lung toxicity induced by carboxyl- and amine-functionalized MWCNTs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Mark D Ihrie
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Katherine S Duke
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Turcu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Potara
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Milica Todea
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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Barosova H, Karakocak BB, Septiadi D, Petri-Fink A, Stone V, Rothen-Rutishauser B. An In Vitro Lung System to Assess the Proinflammatory Hazard of Carbon Nanotube Aerosols. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155335. [PMID: 32727099 PMCID: PMC7432093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro three-dimensional (3D) lung cell models have been thoroughly investigated in recent years and provide a reliable tool to assess the hazard associated with nanomaterials (NMs) released into the air. In this study, a 3D lung co-culture model was optimized to assess the hazard potential of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which is known to provoke inflammation and fibrosis, critical adverse outcomes linked to acute and prolonged NM exposure. The lung co-cultures were exposed to MWCNTs at the air-liquid interface (ALI) using the VITROCELL® Cloud system while considering realistic occupational exposure doses. The co-culture model was composed of three human cell lines: alveolar epithelial cells (A549), fibroblasts (MRC-5), and macrophages (differentiated THP-1). The model was exposed to two types of MWCNTs (Mitsui-7 and Nanocyl) at different concentrations (2–10 μg/cm2) to assess the proinflammatory as well as the profibrotic responses after acute (24 h, one exposure) and prolonged (96 h, repeated exposures) exposure cycles. The results showed that acute or prolonged exposure to different concentrations of the tested MWCNTs did not induce cytotoxicity or apparent profibrotic response; however, suggested the onset of proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Barosova
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vicki Stone
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (H.B.); (B.B.K.); (D.S.); (A.P.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-26-300-9502
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29
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Wright MD, Buckley AJ, Smith R. Estimates of carbon nanotube deposition in the lung: improving quality and robustness. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:282-298. [PMID: 32689844 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1785594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) in vivo inhalation studies are increasingly providing estimates of the quantity of material deposited in the lung, generally estimated using standard formulae and pulmonary deposition models. These models have typically been developed and validated using data from studies using sphere-like particles. Given the importance of particle morphology to pulmonary deposition, the appropriateness of such an approach was explored to identify any potential limitations. Aerosolized CNT particles typically form 'fiber-like' and/or 'broadly spherical' agglomerates. A review of currently used deposition models indicates that none have been directly validated against results for CNT, however, models for spherical particles have been extensively validated against a wide range of particle sizes and materials and are thus expected to provide reasonable estimates for most 'broadly spherical' CNT particles, although experimental confirmation of this would be of benefit, especially given their low density. The validation of fiber deposition models is significantly less extensive and, in general, focused on larger particles, e.g. asbestos. This raises concerns about the accuracy of deposition estimates for 'fiber-like' CNT particles and recommendations are made for future research to address this. An appreciation of the uncertainties on CNT deposition estimates is important for their interpretation and thus it is recommended that model sensitivity and uncertainty assessments be undertaken. Issues surrounding the measurement and derivation of model input data are also addressed, including instrument responses and particle density assessment options. Recommendations are also made for aerosol characterization to 'future-proof' CNT inhalation studies regarding advances in deposition modeling and toxicological understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wright
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Alison J Buckley
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
| | - Rachel Smith
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, UK
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30
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Barosova H, Maione AG, Septiadi D, Sharma M, Haeni L, Balog S, O'Connell O, Jackson GR, Brown D, Clippinger AJ, Hayden P, Petri-Fink A, Stone V, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Use of EpiAlveolar Lung Model to Predict Fibrotic Potential of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3941-3956. [PMID: 32167743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expansion in production and commercial use of nanomaterials increases the potential human exposure during the lifecycle of these materials (production, use, and disposal). Inhalation is a primary route of exposure to nanomaterials; therefore it is critical to assess their potential respiratory hazard. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional alveolar model (EpiAlveolar) consisting of human primary alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, with or without macrophages for predicting long-term responses to aerosols. Following thorough characterization of the model, proinflammatory and profibrotic responses based on the adverse outcome pathway concept for lung fibrosis were assessed upon repeated subchronic exposures (up to 21 days) to two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silica quartz particles. We simulate occupational exposure doses for the MWCNTs (1-30 μg/cm2) using an air-liquid interface exposure device (VITROCELL Cloud) with repeated exposures over 3 weeks. Specific key events leading to lung fibrosis, such as barrier integrity and release of proinflammatory and profibrotic markers, show the responsiveness of the model. Nanocyl induced, in general, a less pronounced reaction than Mitsui-7, and the cultures with human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) showed the proinflammatory response at later time points than those without MDMs. In conclusion, we present a robust alveolar model to predict inflammatory and fibrotic responses upon exposure to MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Barosova
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna G Maione
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, U.K
| | - Laetitia Haeni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Olivia O'Connell
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - George R Jackson
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - David Brown
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Amy J Clippinger
- PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RL, U.K
| | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
- BioSurfaces, Inc., 200 Homer Ave, Ashland, Massachusetts 01721, United States
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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Koltermann-Jülly J, Ma-Hock L, Gröters S, Landsiedel R. Appearance of Alveolar Macrophage Subpopulations in Correlation With Histopathological Effects in Short-Term Inhalation Studies With Biopersistent (Nano)Materials. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:446-464. [PMID: 32162596 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319896347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following inhalation and deposition in the alveolar region at sufficient dose, biopersistent (nano)materials generally provoke pulmonary inflammation. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are mediators of pulmonary immune responses and were broadly categorized in pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. This study aimed at identifying AM phenotype as M1 or M2 upon short-term inhalation exposure to different (nano)materials followed by a postexposure period. Phenotyping of AM was retrospectively performed using immunohistochemistry. M1 (CD68+iNOS+) and M2 (CD68+CD206+ and CD68+ArgI+) AMs were characterized in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue of rats exposed for 6 hours/day for 5 days to air, 100 mg/m3 nano-TiO2, 25 mg/m3 nano-CeO2, 32 mg/m3 multiwalled carbon nanotubes, or 100 mg/m3 micron-sized quartz. During acute inflammation, relative numbers of M1 AMs were markedly increased, whereas relative numbers of M2 were generally decreased compared to control. Following an exposure-free period, changes in iNOS or CD206 expression correlated with persistence, regression, or progression of inflammation, suggesting a role of M1/M2 AMs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation. However, no clear correlation of AM subpopulations with qualitatively distinct histopathological findings caused by different (nano)materials was found. A more detailed understanding of the processes underlaying these morphological changes is needed to identify biomarkers for different histopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Koltermann-Jülly
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Gröters
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Barfod KK, Bendtsen KM, Berthing T, Koivisto AJ, Poulsen SS, Segal E, Verleysen E, Mast J, Holländer A, Jensen KA, Hougaard KS, Vogel U. Increased surface area of halloysite nanotubes due to surface modification predicts lung inflammation and acute phase response after pulmonary exposure in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103266. [PMID: 31707308 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological potential of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and variants after functional alterations to surface area are not clear. We assessed the toxicological response to HNTs (NaturalNano (NN)) before and after surface etching (NN-etched). Potential cytotoxicity of the two HNTs was screened in vitro in MutaTMMouse lung epithelial cells. Lung inflammation, acute phase response and genotoxicity were assessed 1, 3, and 28 days after a single intratracheal instillation of adult female C57BL/6 J BomTac mice. The doses were 6, 18 or 54 μg of HNTs, compared to vehicle controls and the Carbon black NP (Printex 90) of 162 μg/mouse. The cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was determined as a measure of lung inflammation. The pulmonary and hepatic acute phase responses were assessed by Serumamyloida mRNA levels in lung and liver tissue by real-time quantitative PCR. Pulmonary and systemic genotoxicity were analyzed by the alkaline comet assay as DNA strand breaks in BAL cells, lung and liver tissue. The etched HNT (NN-etched) had 4-5 times larger BET surface area than the unmodified HNT (NN). Instillation of NN-etched at the highest dose induced influx of neutrophils into the lungs at all time points and increased Saa3 mRNA levels in lung tissue on day 1 and 3 after exposure. No genotoxicity was observed at any time point. In conclusion, functionalization by etching increased BET surface area of the studied NN and enhanced pulmonary inflammatory toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Klingenberg Barfod
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1014, Denmark
| | - Katja Maria Bendtsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Antti Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | | | - Jan Mast
- Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Andreas Holländer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1014, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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Kim JK, Jo MS, Kim Y, Kim TG, Shin JH, Kim BW, Kim HP, Lee HK, Kim HS, Ahn K, Oh SM, Cho WS, Yu IJ. 28-Day inhalation toxicity study with evaluation of lung deposition and retention of tangled multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:250-262. [PMID: 31855090 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1700568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung deposition and retention measurements are now required by the newly revised OECD inhalation toxicity testing guidelines 412 and 413 when evaluating the clearance and biopersistence of poorly soluble nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). However, evaluating the lung deposition concentration is challenging with certain nanomaterials, such as carbon-based and iron-based nanomaterials, as it is difficult to differentiate them from endogenous elements. Therefore, the current 28-day inhalation toxicity study investigated the lung retention kinetics of tangled MWCNTs. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to MWCNTs at 0, 0.257, 1.439, and 4.253 mg/m3 for 28 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks). Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed at day 1, 7, and 28 post-exposure and the pulmonary inflammatory response evaluated by analyzing the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Plus, the blood biochemistry, hematology, and histopathology of the lungs were also examined. The lung deposition and retention of MWCNTs were determined based on the elemental carbon content in the lungs after tissue digestion. The number of polymorphonuclear cells and LDH concentration were both found to be significantly higher with the medium and high concentrations (1.439 and 4.253 mg/m3) and dose dependent. The estimated retention half-life for the high concentration (4.253 mg/m3) was about 35 days. The results of this study indicate that tangled MWCNTs seem to have a relatively shorter retention half-life when compared to previous reports on rigid MWCNTs, and the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for the tested tangled MWCNTs was 0.257 mg/m3 in a previous rat 28-day subacute inhalation toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kwon Kim
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Occupational Lung Diseases Research Institute, KCOMWEL, Incheon, Korea
| | - Boo Wook Kim
- Occupational Lung Diseases Research Institute, KCOMWEL, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hoi Pin Kim
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | | | - Hee Sang Kim
- HCTm CO.,LTD, Icheon, Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kangho Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Department of Nanofusion Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Zheng L, Kulkarni P. Real-Time Measurement of Airborne Carbon Nanotubes in Workplace Atmospheres. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12713-12723. [PMID: 31502830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With growing applications of carbon nanomaterials, there is a concern over health risks presented by inhalation of carbon nanotube (CNT) aerosol in workplace atmospheres. Current methods used for CNT aerosol measurement lack selectivity to specific form of carbonaceous component or allotrope of interest. Moreover, the detection limits of these methods are also inadequate for short-term monitoring. Here, we describe, for the first time, a near real-time, field-portable instrument for selective quantification of airborne CNT concentration. The approach uses an automated cyclical scheme involving collect-analyze-ablate steps to obtain continuous near real-time measurement using Raman spectroscopy. The method achieves significantly lower detection limits by employing corona-assisted particle microconcentration for efficient coupling with laser Raman spectroscopy. A combination of techniques involving (i) use of characteristic Raman peaks, (ii) distinct ratio of disordered and graphitic peaks, and (iii) principal component classification and regression is employed to identify and quantify the specific form of the aerosolized carbonaceous nanomaterial. We show that the approach is capable of selectively quantifying trace single-walled CNT in the presence of interfering agents such as diesel particulate matter. The detection limit of the method for the single-walled CNT studied in this work was 60 ng m-3, corresponding to a 10 min aerosol collection period, which is significantly lower than that for the NIOSH Method 5040 (∼0.15 μg m-3 for an 8-h collection on a 25 mm filter at 4 L min-1), a commonly used method for elemental carbon. We demonstrate the automated real-time capability of this field-portable method by continuously measuring a transient single-walled CNT aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zheng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio 45226 , United States
| | - Pramod Kulkarni
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio 45226 , United States
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35
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Ray JL, Fletcher P, Burmeister R, Holian A. The role of sex in particle-induced inflammation and injury. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1589. [PMID: 31566915 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanomaterials within various applications such as medicine, electronics, and cosmetics has been steadily increasing; therefore, the rate of occupational and environmental exposures has also increased. Inhalation is an important route of exposure to nanomaterials and has been shown to cause various respiratory diseases in animal models. Human lung disease frequently presents with a sex/gender-bias in prevalence or severity, but investigation of potential sex-differences in the adverse health outcomes associated with nanoparticle inhalation is greatly lacking. Only ~20% of basic research in the general sciences use both male and female animals and a substantial percentage of these do not address differences between sexes within their analyses. This has prevented researchers from fully understanding the impact of sex-based variables on health and disease, particularly the pathologies resulting from the inhalation of particles. The mechanisms responsible for sex-differences in respiratory disease remain unclear, but could be related to a number of variables including sex-differences in hormone signaling, lung physiology, or respiratory immune function. By incorporating sex-based analysis into respiratory nanotoxicology and utilizing human data from other relevant particles (e.g., asbestos, silica, particulate matter), we can improve our understanding of sex as a biological variable in nanoparticle exposures. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Paige Fletcher
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Rachel Burmeister
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
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Ramchandran V, Gernand JM. A dose-response-recovery clustering algorithm for categorizing carbon nanotube variants into toxicologically distinct groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lynch JA, Birch QT, Ridgway TH, Birch ME. Quantification of Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Analysis. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:604-612. [PMID: 29718067 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in manufacturing and research environments, together with the potential exposure risks, necessitates development of reliable and accurate monitoring methods for these materials. We examined quantification of CNTs by two distinct methods based on Raman spectroscopy. First, as measured by the Raman peak intensity of aqueous CNT suspensions, and second, by Raman mapping of air filter surfaces onto which CNTs were collected as aerosols or applied as small-area (0.05 cm2) deposits. Correlation (R2 = 0.97) between CNT concentration and Raman scattering intensity for suspensions in cuvettes was found over a concentration range from about 2 to 10 µg/ml, but measurement variance precludes practical determination of a calibration curve. Raman mapping of aerosol sample filter surfaces shows correlation with CNT mass when the surface density is relatively high (R2 = 0.83 and 0.95 above about 5 µg total mass on filter), while heterogeneity of CNT deposition makes obtaining representative maps of lower density samples difficult. This difficulty can be mitigated by increasing the area mapped relative to the total sample area, improving both precision and the limit of detection (LOD). For small-area deposits, detection of low masses relevant to occupational monitoring can be achieved, with an estimated LOD of about 50 ng.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Lynch
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Quinn T Birch
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas H Ridgway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Eileen Birch
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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38
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Ray JL, Holian A. Sex differences in the inflammatory immune response to multi-walled carbon nanotubes and crystalline silica. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:285-297. [PMID: 31556754 PMCID: PMC6813775 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1669743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Respiratory disease is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. These diseases frequently present with a sex bias in occurrence and severity, yet the mechanisms responsible for these sex biases is a critically understudied area of basic research. Methods: Male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or crystalline silica (cSiO2) via oropharyngeal aspiration. Acute assessments were conducted 24 h and 7 days after a single exposure. In chronic experiments, mice were exposed to respective particles once per week for 4 weeks and sacrificed 8 weeks after the last exposure. Lung lavage fluid (LLF) was assessed for markers of injury and inflammation. Immune cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry and histopathology assessment was performed on lung tissue from chronically exposed mice. Results: Female mice exposed to a single dose of MWCNTs generated a greater eosinophilic response than males 24 h and 7 days post-exposure. Eosinophilia was accompanied by elevated type 2 cytokine production in LLF. The exaggerated acute response in females was consistent with lung pathology observed in the chronic model: females had greater alveolitis and epithelial cell hyperplasia compared to males. There were no sex differences 24 h after cSiO2 exposure, but by 7-day post-exposure female mice had greater airspace neutrophilia and inflammatory cytokine levels compared to males. However, following repeated exposure to cSiO2, male mice had worse alveolitis and greater dendritic cell presence within the lungs. Conclusions: Female mice are more susceptible to acute and chronic MWCNT-induced inflammation, but male mice are more susceptible to chronic cSiO2-induced lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
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Lee YS, Sung JH, Song KS, Kim JK, Choi BS, Yu IJ, Park JD. Derivation of occupational exposure limits for multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene using subchronic inhalation toxicity data and a multi-path particle dosimetry model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:580-586. [PMID: 31367339 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to provide the recommended occupational exposure limits (OELs) for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanomaterials based on data from a subchronic inhalation toxicity study using a lung dosimetry model. We used a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.98 mg m-3 and 3.02 mg m-3 in rats for MWCNTs and graphene, respectively. The NOAELs were obtained from a 13-week inhalation study in rats. The deposition fractions of MWCNTs and graphene in the respiratory tract of rats and humans were calculated by using the multi-path particle dosimetry model (MPPD model, v3.04). The deposition fraction in the alveolar region was 0.0527 and 0.0984 for MWCNTs and 0.0569 and 0.1043 for graphene in rats and human lungs, respectively. Then, the human equivalent exposure concentrations (HECs) of MWCNTs and graphene were calculated according to the method by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The HEC was estimated to be 0.17 mg m-3 for MWCNTs and to be 0.54 mg m-3 for graphene, which was relevant to the rat NOAEL of 0.98 mg m-3 and 3.02 mg m-3 for MWCNTs and graphene, respectively. Finally, we estimated the recommended OELs by applying uncertainty factors (UFs) to the HEC as follows: an UF of 3 for species differences (rats to humans), 2 for an experimental duration (subchronic to chronic), and 5 for inter-individual variations among workers. Thus, the OEL was estimated to be 6 μg m-3 for MWCNTs and 18 μg m-3 for graphene. These values could be useful in preventing the adverse health effects of nanoparticles in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sub Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine , College of Medicine , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-2-820-5668
| | | | | | - Jin-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nanofusion Technology , Hoseo University , Asan 31499 , Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine , College of Medicine , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-2-820-5668
| | - Il-Je Yu
- HCTm Co. , LTD , Icheon 17383 , Korea
| | - Jung-Duck Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine , College of Medicine , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Korea . ; ; Tel: +82-2-820-5668
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Gaté L, Knudsen KB, Seidel C, Berthing T, Chézeau L, Jacobsen NR, Valentino S, Wallin H, Bau S, Wolff H, Sébillaud S, Lorcin M, Grossmann S, Viton S, Nunge H, Darne C, Vogel U, Cosnier F. Pulmonary toxicity of two different multi-walled carbon nanotubes in rat: Comparison between intratracheal instillation and inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 375:17-31. [PMID: 31075343 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which vary in length, diameter, functionalization and specific surface area, are used in diverse industrial processes. Since these nanomaterials have a high aspect ratio and are biopersistant in the lung, there is a need for a rapid identification of their potential health hazard. We assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats the pulmonary toxicity of two pristine MWCNTs (the "long and thick" NM-401 and the "short and thin" NM-403) following either intratracheal instillation or 4-week inhalation in order to gain insights into the predictability and intercomparability of the two methods. The deposited doses following inhalation were lower than the instilled doses. Both types of carbon nanotube induced pulmonary neutrophil influx using both exposure methods. This influx correlated with deposited surface area across MWCNT types and means of exposure at two different time points, 1-3 days and 28-30 days post-exposure. Increased levels of DNA damage were observed across doses and time points for both exposure methods, but no dose-response relationship was observed. Intratracheal instillation of NM-401 induced fibrosis at the highest dose while lower lung deposited doses obtained by inhalation did not induce such lung pathology. No fibrosis was observed following NM-403 exposure. When the deposited dose was taken into account, sub-acute inhalation and a single instillation of NM-401 and NM-403 produced very similar inflammation and DNA damage responses. Our data suggest that the dose-dependent inflammatory responses observed after intratracheal instillation and inhalation of MWCNTs are similar and were predicted by the deposited surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | | | - Carole Seidel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Laëtitia Chézeau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | - Sarah Valentino
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Bau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sylvie Sébillaud
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Mylène Lorcin
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Grossmann
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Viton
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Nunge
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Christian Darne
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
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Schulte PA, Leso V, Niang M, Iavicoli I. Current state of knowledge on the health effects of engineered nanomaterials in workers: a systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations. Scand J Work Environ Health 2019; 45:217-238. [PMID: 30653633 PMCID: PMC6494687 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The widespread application of nano-enabled products and the increasing likelihood for workplace exposures make understanding engineered nanomaterial (ENM) effects in exposed workers a public and occupational health priority. The aim of this study was to report on the current state of knowledge on possible adverse effects induced by ENM in humans to determine the toxicological profile of each type of ENM and potential biomarkers for early detection of such effects in workers. Methods A systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations of exposed workers relative to the possible adverse effects for the most widely used ENM was performed through searches of major scientific databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results Twenty-seven studies were identified. Most of the epidemiological investigations were cross-sectional. The review found limited evidence of adverse effects in workers exposed to the most commonly used ENM. However, some biological alterations are suggestive for possible adverse impacts. The primary targets of some ENM exposures were the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Changes in biomarker levels compared with controls were also observed; however, limited exposure data and the relatively short period since the first exposure may have influenced the incidence of adverse effects found in epidemiological studies. Conclusions There is a need for longitudinal epidemiologic investigations with clear exposure characterizations for various ENM to discover potential adverse health effects and identify possible indicators of early biological alterations. In this state of uncertainty, precautionary controls for each ENM are warranted while further study of potential health effects continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1150 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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Kabadi PK, Rodd AL, Simmons AE, Messier NJ, Hurt RH, Kane AB. A novel human 3D lung microtissue model for nanoparticle-induced cell-matrix alterations. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 30943996 PMCID: PMC6448215 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been shown to elicit the release of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators, as well as histopathological changes in lungs of exposed animals. Current standards for testing MWCNTs and other nanoparticles (NPs) rely on low-throughput in vivo studies to assess acute and chronic toxicity and potential hazard to humans. Several alternative testing approaches utilizing two-dimensional (2D) in vitro assays to screen engineered NPs have reported conflicting results between in vitro and in vivo assays. Compared to conventional 2D in vitro or in vivo animal model systems, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro platforms have been shown to more closely recapitulate human physiology, providing a relevant, more efficient strategy for evaluating acute toxicity and chronic outcomes in a tiered nanomaterial toxicity testing paradigm. RESULTS As inhalation is an important route of nanomaterial exposure, human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells were co-cultured with macrophages to form scaffold-free 3D lung microtissues. Microtissues were exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes, M120 carbon black nanoparticles or crocidolite asbestos fibers for 4 or 7 days, then collected for characterization of microtissue viability, tissue morphology, and expression of genes and selected proteins associated with inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Our data demonstrate the utility of 3D microtissues in predicting chronic pulmonary endpoints following exposure to MWCNTs or asbestos fibers. These test nanomaterials were incorporated into 3D human lung microtissues as visualized using light microscopy. Differential expression of genes involved in acute inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling was detected using PCR arrays and confirmed using qRT-PCR analysis and Luminex assays of selected genes and proteins. CONCLUSION 3D lung microtissues provide an alternative testing platform for assessing nanomaterial-induced cell-matrix alterations and delineation of toxicity pathways, moving towards a more predictive and physiologically relevant approach for in vitro NP toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita K Kabadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.,AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - April L Rodd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
| | - Alysha E Simmons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Norma J Messier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
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43
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Chortarea S, Zerimariam F, Barosova H, Septiadi D, Clift MJ, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Profibrotic Activity of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Upon Prolonged Exposures in Different Human Lung Cell Types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savvina Chortarea
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials, Science and Technology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fikad Zerimariam
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hana Barosova
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin J.D. Clift
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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44
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Scoville DK, Nolin JD, Ogden HL, An D, Afsharinejad Z, Johnson BW, Bammler TK, Gao X, Frevert CW, Altemeier WA, Hallstrand TS, Kavanagh TJ. Quantum dots and mouse strain influence house dust mite-induced allergic airway disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 368:55-62. [PMID: 30682383 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot nanoparticles (QDs) are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that have utility in many industries due to unique optical properties not available in small molecules or bulk materials. QD-induced acute lung inflammation and toxicity in rodent models raise concerns about potential human health risks. Recent studies have also shown that some ENMs can exacerbate allergic airway disease (AAD). In this study, C57BL/6J and A/J mice were exposed to saline, house dust mite (HDM), or a combination of HDM and QDs on day 1 of the sensitization protocol. Mice were then challenged on days 8, 9 and 10 with HDM or saline only. Significant differences in cellular and molecular markers of AAD induced by both HDM and HDM + QD were observed between C57BL/6J and A/J mice. Among A/J mice, HDM + QD co-exposure, but not HDM exposure alone, significantly increased levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). IL-33 compared to saline controls. BALF total protein levels in both mouse strains were also only significantly increased by HDM + QD co-exposure. In addition, A/J mice had significantly more lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) cells than C57BL/6J mice. A/J lung ILC2s were inversely correlated with lung glutathione and MHC-IIhigh resident macrophages, and positively correlated with MHC-IIlow resident macrophages. The results from this study suggest that 1) QDs influence HDM-induced AAD by potentiating and/or enhancing select cytokine production; 2) that genetic background modulates the impact of QDs on HDM sensitization; and 3) that potential ILC2 contributions to HDM induced AAD are also likely to be modulated by genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Scoville
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James D Nolin
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - H Luke Ogden
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dowon An
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zahra Afsharinejad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brian W Johnson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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45
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The Short-Term Inhalation Study (STIS) as a Range Finder and Screening Tool in a Tiered Grouping Strategy. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8433-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Kane AB, Hurt RH, Gao H. The asbestos-carbon nanotube analogy: An update. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:68-80. [PMID: 29960000 PMCID: PMC6298811 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging industry based on commercialization of materials with one or more dimensions of 100 nm or less. Engineered nanomaterials are currently incorporated into thin films, porous materials, liquid suspensions, or filler/matrix nanocomposites with future applications predicted in energy and catalysis, microelectronics, environmental sensing and remediation, and nanomedicine. Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional fibrous nanomaterials that physically resemble asbestos fibers. Toxicologic studies in rodents demonstrated that some types of carbon nanotubes can induce mesothelioma, and the World Health Organization evaluated long, rigid multiwall carbon nanotubes as possibly carcinogenic for humans in 2014. This review summarizes key physicochemical similarities and differences between asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes. The "fiber pathogenicity paradigm" has been extended to include carbon nanotubes as well as other high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials including metallic nanowires. This paradigm identifies width, length, and biopersistence of high-aspect-ratio fibrous nanomaterials as critical determinants of lung disease, including mesothelioma, following inhalation. Based on recent theoretical modeling studies, a fourth factor, mechanical bending stiffness, will be considered as predictive of potential carcinogenicity. Novel three-dimensional lung tissue platforms provide an opportunity for in vitro screening of a wide range of high aspect ratio fibrous nanomaterials for potential lung toxicity prior to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Providence, RI, United States
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47
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Scoville DK, White CC, Botta D, An D, Afsharinejad Z, Bammler TK, Gao X, Altemeier WA, Kavanagh TJ. Quantum dot induced acute changes in lung mechanics are mouse strain dependent. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:397-403. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1542046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Scoville
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Collin C. White
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dianne Botta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dowon An
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zahra Afsharinejad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Terrance J. Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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48
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Abstract
At nanoscale, man-made materials may show unique properties that differ from bulk and dissolved counterparts. The unique properties of engineered nanomaterials not only impart critical advantages but also confer toxicity because of their unwanted interactions with different biological compartments and cellular processes. In this review, we discuss various entry routes of nanomaterials in the human body, their applications in daily life, and the mechanisms underlying their toxicity. We further explore the passage of nanomaterials into air, water, and soil ecosystems, resulting in diverse environmental impacts. Briefly, we probe the available strategies for risk assessment and risk management to assist in reducing the occupational risks of potentially hazardous engineered nanomaterials including the control banding (CB) approach. Moreover, we substantiate the need for uniform guidelines for systematic analysis of nanomaterial toxicity, in silico toxicological investigations, and obligation to ensure the safe disposal of nanowaste to reduce or eliminate untoward environmental and health impacts. At the end, we scrutinize global regulatory trends, hurdles, and efforts to develop better regulatory sciences in the field of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huan Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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49
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Knudsen KB, Berthing T, Jackson P, Poulsen SS, Mortensen A, Jacobsen NR, Skaug V, Szarek J, Hougaard KS, Wolff H, Wallin H, Vogel U. Physicochemical predictors of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-induced pulmonary histopathology and toxicity one year after pulmonary deposition of 11 different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:211-227. [PMID: 30168672 PMCID: PMC7379927 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are widely used nanomaterials that cause pulmonary toxicity upon inhalation. The physicochemical properties of MWCNT vary greatly, which makes general safety evaluation challenging to conduct. Identification of the toxicity‐inducing physicochemical properties of MWCNT is therefore of great importance. We have evaluated histological changes in lung tissue 1 year after a single intratracheal instillation of 11 well‐characterized MWCNT in female C57BL/6N BomTac mice. Genotoxicity in liver and spleen was evaluated by the comet assay. The dose of 54 μg MWCNT corresponds to three times the estimated dose accumulated during a work life at a NIOSH recommended exposure limit (0.001 mg/m3). Short and thin MWCNT were observed as agglomerates in lung tissue 1 year after exposure, whereas thicker and longer MWCNT were detected as single fibres, suggesting biopersistence of both types of MWCNT. The thin and entangled MWCNT induced varying degree of pulmonary inflammation, in terms of lymphocytic aggregates, granulomas and macrophage infiltration, whereas two thick and straight MWCNT did not. By multiple regression analysis, larger diameter and higher content of iron predicted less histopathological changes, whereas higher cobalt content significantly predicted more histopathological changes. No MWCNT‐related fibrosis or tumours in the lungs or pleura was found. One thin and entangled MWCNT induced increased levels of DNA strand breaks in liver; however, no physicochemical properties could be related to genotoxicity. This study reveals physicochemical‐dependent difference in MWCNT‐induced long‐term, pulmonary histopathological changes. Identification of diameter size and cobalt content as important for MWCNT toxicity provides clues for designing MWCNT, which cause reduced human health effects following pulmonary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah S Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vidar Skaug
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
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50
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The Yin and Yang of carbon nanomaterials in atherosclerosis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2232-2247. [PMID: 30342084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With unique characteristics such as high surface area, capacity of various functionalization, low weight, high conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and free radical scavenging, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerene, graphene (oxide), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), and their derivatives have increasingly been utilized in nanomedicine and biomedicine. On the one hand, owing to ever-increasing applications of CNMs in technological and industrial fields as well as presence of combustion-derived CNMs in the ambient air, the skepticism has risen over the adverse effects of CNMs on human being. The influences of CNMs on cardiovascular system and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, of which consequences are ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, as the main causes of death, is of paramount importance. In this regard, several studies have been devoted to specify the biomedical applications and cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to specify the roles and applications of various CNMs in atherosclerosis, and also identify the key role playing parameters in cardiovascular toxicity of CNMs so as to be a clue for prospective deployment of CNMs.
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