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da Silva S, da Costa CDL, Naime AA, Santos DB, Farina M, Colle D. Mechanisms Mediating the Combined Toxicity of Paraquat and Maneb in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39058280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that combined exposure to the pesticides paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms mediating the toxicity induced by combined exposure to these pesticides are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) of neurotoxicity induced by exposure to the pesticides PQ and MB isolated or in association (PQ + MB) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. PQ + MB exposure for 24 and 48 h decreased cell viability and disrupted cell membrane integrity. In addition, PQ + MB exposure for 12 h decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. PQ alone increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anion generation and decreased the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II at 12 h of exposure. MB alone increased ROS generation and depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) within 6 h of exposure. In contrast, MB exposure for 12 h increased the GSH levels, the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL, the rate-limiting enzyme in the GSH synthesis pathway) activity, and increased nuclear Nrf2 staining. Pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, a GCL inhibitor) abolished the MB-mediated GSH increase, indicating that MB increases GSH synthesis by upregulating GCL, probably by the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. BSO pretreatment, which did not modify cell viability per se, rendered cells more sensitive to MB-induced toxicity. In contrast, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine protected cells from MB-induced toxicity. These findings show that the combined exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to PQ and MB induced a cytotoxic effect higher than that observed when cells were subjected to individual exposures. Such a higher effect seems to be related to additive toxic events resulting from PQ and MB exposures. Thus, our study contributes to a better understanding of the toxicity of PQ and MB in combined exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Lima da Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Aita Naime
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Danúbia Bonfanti Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dirleise Colle
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900 Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Ren Y, Guo F, Wang L. Imaging Findings and Toxicological Mechanisms of Nervous System Injury Caused by Diquat. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04172-x. [PMID: 38619744 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) is a nonselective bipyridine herbicide with a structure resembling paraquat (PQ). In recent years, the utilization of DQ as a substitute for PQ has grown, leading to an increase in DQ poisoning cases. While the toxicity mechanism of DQ remains unclear, it is primarily attributed to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) through the process of reduction oxidation. This results in oxidative stress, leading to a cascade of clinical symptoms. Notably, recent reports on DQ poisoning have highlighted a concerning trend: an upsurge in cases involving neurological damage caused by DQ poisoning. These patients often present with severe illness and a high mortality rate, with no effective treatment available thus far. Imaging findings from these cases have shown that neurological damage tends to concentrate on the brainstem. However, the specific mechanisms behind this poisoning remain unclear, and no specific antidote exists. This review summarizes the research progress on DQ poisoning and explores potential mechanisms. By shedding light on the nerve damage associated with DQ poisoning, we hope to raise awareness, propose new avenues for investigating the mechanisms of DQ poisoning, and lay the groundwork for the development of treatment strategies for DQ poisoning. Trial registration number: 2024PS174K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguang Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Tiexi District, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Peng H, Zhao D, Tang W, Peng A. Dienediamine: A safe surrogate for the herbicide paraquat. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1962-1975. [PMID: 37924209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) has been used as an herbicide worldwide because of its potent activity against weeds. However, it is highly toxic to humans. The very high fatality of PQ poisoning is due to its inherent toxicity and the lack of any effective treatment. Consequently, developing a non-toxic herbicide with comparable efficacy to PQ will contribute to global food security and help prevent PQ-related fatalities. Herein, we report a new herbicide called dienediamine, which was discovered from how to intervene the redox cycle of PQ, an inherent toxicity nature. Dienediamine, the "reduced" form of PQ with no function as an electron transfer agent, was shown to be non-toxic through comprehensive in vivo and in vitro experiments at molar concentrations equivalent to PQ's absolute lethal dose. Remarkably, dienediamine can undergo conversion to PQ under natural sunlight and ambient air conditions, exhibiting herbicidal activities that are comparable to those of PQ. The conversion of dienediamine to PQ, which is toxic to chloroplasts, is the key mechanism underlying its potent herbicidal activity. Our study discovers that dienediamine is a safe and superior alternative to PQ, possessing significant potential for application in sustainable agriculture globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dake Zhao
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Ai Peng
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Bornstein R, Mulholland MT, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Johnson SC. Glutamine metabolism in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103887. [PMID: 37586651 PMCID: PMC10773532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved in glutamine catabolism, anabolism, and glutamine-glutamate cycling. In recent years, altered glutamine metabolism has been found to play important roles in the pathologic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutamine is a pleiotropic molecule, not only providing an alternate carbon source to glucose in certain conditions, but also playing unique roles in cellular communication in neurons and astrocytes. Glutamine consumption and catabolic flux can be significantly altered in settings of genetic mitochondrial defects or exposure to mitochondrial toxins, and alterations to glutamine metabolism appears to play a particularly significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. These include primary mitochondrial diseases like Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy) and MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy with encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), as well as complex age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pharmacologic interventions targeting glutamine metabolizing and catabolizing pathways appear to provide some benefits in cell and animal models of these diseases, indicating glutamine metabolism may be a clinically relevant target. In this review, we discuss glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial disease, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamine metabolic processes, glutamine in neurodegeneration, and candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bornstein
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael T Mulholland
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Phil Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
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Ge Y, Liu J, Jiang T, Hao Y, Shen X, Gong Z, Qi Z, Yao J. Self-disinfecting carbon filter: In situ spontaneous generation of reactive oxidative species via oxygen reduction reaction for efficient water treatment. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A review: traditional herbs and remedies impacting pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:495-513. [PMID: 35258640 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to misbalance and loss of coordination. Current therapies are claimed only for symptomatic relief, on long-term use, which causes alteration in basal ganglia, and give rise to various adverse effects like dyskinesia and extra pyramidal side effects, which is reversed and proved to be attenuated with the help of various herbal approaches. Therefore, in order to attenuate the dopaminergic complications, focus of current research has been shifted from dopaminergic to non-dopaminergic strategies. Herbs and herbal remedies seems to be a better option to overcome the complications associated with current dopaminergic therapies. In recent years, various herbs and herbal remedies based on Ayurveda, traditional Chinese and Korean remedies, have become the target of various researches. These herbs and their bioactive compound are being extensively used to treat PD in India, China, Japan, and Korea. The major focus of this current review is to analyze preclinical studies with reference to various herbs, bioactive compounds, and traditional remedies for the management of Parkinson disorder, which will give an insight towards clinical trials.
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Yun B, King M, Draz MS, Kline T, Rodriguez-Palacios A. Oxidative reactivity across kingdoms in the gut: Host immunity, stressed microbiota and oxidized foods. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:97-110. [PMID: 34843918 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a major role in the induction of programmed cell death and numerous diseases. Production of reactive oxygen species is ubiquitous in biological systems such as humans, bacteria, fungi/yeasts, and plants. Although reactive oxygen species are known to cause diseases, little is known about the importance of the combined oxidative stress burden in the gut. Understanding the dynamics and the level of oxidative stress 'reactivity' across kingdoms could help ascertain the combined consequences of free radical accumulation in the gut lumen. Here, we present fundamental similarities of oxidative stress derived from the host immune cells, bacteria, yeasts, plants, and the therein-derived diets, which often accentuate the burden of free radicals by accumulation during storage and cooking conditions. Given the described similarities, oxidative stress could be better understood and minimized by monitoring the levels of oxidative stress in the feces to identify pro-inflammatory factors. However, we illustrate that dietary studies rarely monitor oxidative stress markers in the feces, and therefore our knowledge on fecal oxidative stress monitoring is limited. A more holistic approach to understanding oxidative stress 'reactivity' in the gut could help improve strategies to use diet and microbiota to prevent intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahda Yun
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria King
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed S Draz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Terence Kline
- Veterinary Technology Program, Cuyahoga Community College, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Germ-free and Gut Microbiome Core, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Glycine-Conjugated Bile Acids Protect RPE Tight Junctions against Oxidative Stress and Inhibit Choroidal Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis In Vitro. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050626. [PMID: 33922434 PMCID: PMC8146504 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) inhibits features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine if the glycine-conjugated bile acids glycocholic acid (GCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) can protect retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against oxidative damage and inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in choroidal endothelial cells (CECs). Paraquat was used to induce oxidative stress and disrupt tight junctions in HRPEpiC primary human RPE cells. Tight junctions were assessed via transepithelial electrical resistance and ZO-1 immunofluorescence. GCA and GUDCA protected RPE tight junctions against oxidative damage at concentrations of 100–500 µM, and GDCA protected tight junctions at 10–500 µM. Angiogenesis was induced with VEGF in RF/6A macaque CECs and evaluated with cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube formation assays. GCA inhibited VEGF-induced CEC migration at 50–500 µM and tube formation at 10–500 µM. GUDCA inhibited VEGF-induced CEC migration at 100–500 µM and tube formation at 50–500 µM. GDCA had no effect on VEGF-induced angiogenesis. None of the three bile acids significantly inhibited VEGF-induced CEC proliferation. These results suggest glycine-conjugated bile acids may be protective against both atrophic and neovascular AMD.
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Wu KC, Reisman SA, Klaassen CD. Tissue distribution, hormonal regulation, ontogeny, diurnal expression, and induction of mouse cystine transporters Slc3a1 and Slc7a9. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:525-534. [PMID: 32873097 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1812597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Slc7a11 (xCT) and Slc3a1 (rBAT) are cystine uptake transporters that maintain intracellular concentrations of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid in glutathione synthesis. This study was conducted to first determine the tissue distribution of the two transporters in male and female mice. Because Slc3a1 was the primary cystine transporter in liver, its sex-divergent expression, ontogeny, diurnal rhythm and whether its mRNA expression is altered by transcription factors (AhR, CAR, PXR, PPARα, and Nrf2) was also investigated. Slc7a11 was expressed highest in brain and gonads. Slc3a1 was expressed highest in kidney and intestine, followed by liver. Duodenal and hepatic Slc3a1 was higher in females than males. Hepatic Slc3a1 was high during darkness and low during daytime. Hepatic Scl3a1 was lowest pre-birth, increased to near maximal levels at birth, decreased back to pre-birth levels between Days 3-10, and then returned to peak levels by Day 45. Except for CAR, activation of transcription factors did not increase hepatic mRNA expression of Slc3a1. Chemical activation of CAR significantly induced Slc3a1 1.4-fold in wild-type but not CAR-null mice. Slc3a1 mRNA was higher in livers of AhR- and Nrf2-null mice compared to wild-type mice. High doses of diquat but not acetaminophen induced Slc3a1, suggesting Slc3a1 may respond to oxidative stress but not necessarily to GSH depletion. Overall, Slc7a11 is mainly expressed in brain and gonads, whereas Slc3a1 is mainly expressed in kidney, small intestine and liver, and its hepatic expression is regulated by diurnal rhythm and certain xenobiotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Connie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Reisman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Wang H, Zhang K, Ruan Z, Sun D, Zhang H, Lin G, Hu L, Zhao S, Fu Q. Probucol enhances the therapeutic efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats by prolonging their survival time via Nrf2 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:302. [PMID: 32693824 PMCID: PMC7374958 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracavernous injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising method for diabetic mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED), but short survival time of MSCs in cavernous is a fatal defect for therapy. This study investigated therapeutic efficiency and potential mechanism of probucol combined with MSCs. METHODS In vivo study, a total of forty-eight 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used. Twelve rats received intraperitoneal injection of PBS as the sham group; the rest received intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin to establish DM models. DM rats were randomly divided into three groups: received intracavernosal (IC) injection of either PBS (DM group), MSCs (M group), or administrated probucol after intracavernosal injection of MSCs (P + M group). Erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves with real-time intracavernous pressure measurement. After euthanasia, penile tissue was investigated for histologic examination and Western blotting. In in vitro experiment, H2O2 was used to create oxidative stress environment to detect changes in cell viability. CCK8 was used to measure cell viability of MSCs treated with or without probucol. Intracellular ROS changes were detected by flow cytometry. Autophagy and apoptosis were detected by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Recovery of erectile function was observed in the P + M group. The combination therapy decreased fibrosis and increased endothelial function compared with MSC therapy alone. Western blotting results confirmed the increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cavernous body. H2O2 induced high oxidative stress and reduced cell viability in vitro, which was gradually reversed with increased concentration of probucol. H2O2 reduced Nrf2 expression, which was reversed by probucol's intervention. Furthermore, the expression of Bax, Caspase3, and Cleaved-Caspase3 decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 increased in a dose-dependent manner because of probucol's intervention. In addition, Beclin1 and LC3II both increased in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the expression of P62 decreased. In the study of autophagy flux, we found probucol did not block it. CONCLUSION Probucol enhanced therapeutic efficiency of MSCs in DMED by prolonging their survival time, which mediated through improving the transplanted microenvironment of MSCs, increasing self-antioxidant ability of MSCs, strengthening protective autophagy, and inhibiting apoptosis of MSCs via Nrf2 pathway. Schematic model showing combined probucol and MSCs to improve DMED. Probucol increases self-antioxidant ability of MSCs, strengthening protective autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 and Nrf2/autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liangliang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Chen Y, Jia P, Ji S, Xu J, Li Y, Wang T. Comparison of the effects of resveratrol and its derivative pterostilbene on hepatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in piglets challenged with diquat. Food Funct 2020; 11:4202-4215. [PMID: 32352466 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of resveratrol (RSV) and its derivative pterostilbene (PT) to prevent diquat (DQ)-induced hepatic oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in piglets. Seventy-two weanling piglets were randomly divided into the following treatment groups: non-challenged control group, DQ-challenged control group, and DQ-challenged groups supplemented with either 300 mg RSV per kg of diet or an equivalent amount of PT. Each treatment group consisted of six replicates with three piglets per replicate (n = 6). After a two-week feeding trial, piglets were intraperitoneally injected with either 10 mg DQ per kg of body weight or sterile saline. At 24 hours post-injection, one piglet from each replicate (six piglets per treatment) was randomly selected for sample collection and biochemical analysis. Compared with the DQ-challenged control group, PT attenuated the growth loss of piglets after the DQ challenge (P < 0.05). Administration of PT was more effective than its parent compound in inhibiting the DQ-induced hepatic apoptosis and the increased generation of total cholesterol, superoxide anion, and lipid peroxidation products (P < 0.05). Specifically, PT facilitated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signals and the expression and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase, while it also prevented mitochondrial swelling, membrane potential collapse, and adenosine triphosphate depletion, possibly through the activation of sirtuin 1 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that PT may be superior to RSV as an antioxidant to protect the liver of young piglets from oxidative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Du J, Yu S, Wang D, Chen S, Chen S, Zheng Y, Wang N, Chen S, Li J, Shen B. Germline and somatic mtDNA mutation spectrum of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Taizhou area, China. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:2982-2991. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveReactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in the onset of RA, and the association between nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory chain-related variants and RA has recently been revealed. However, little is known about the landscape of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in RA.MethodsNext-generation sequencing was conducted to profile mtDNA germline and somatic variants in 124 RA patients and 123 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in the Taizhou area, China. Fisher’s exact test, SKAT and SKAT-O were used for gene-burden tests to investigate RA-related variants of mitochondrial genes. Predictive tools were applied to evaluate the pathogenicity of mtDNA variants, and mtDNA haplogroups were assigned according to mtDNA mutations recorded in PhyloTree database. The frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroups between the groups was compared using χ2 analysis.ResultsWe identified 467 RA-unique and 341 healthy control-unique mtDNA variants, with 443 common variants. Only MT-ATP6 with a significant burden of variants was identified by Fisher’s exact test, SKAT and SKAT-O, even after Bonferroni adjustment, and the enrichment variants in MT-ATP6 was mainly driven by m.8830C>A, m.8833G>C and m.8843T>A variants. Besides, four frequently low-heteroplasmic variants including the three variants above and m.14135T>G of MT-ND5 were detected in RA only; except for m.8830C>A, they are considered potential pathogenicity based on functional predictions. χ2 analysis before Bonferroni adjustment revealed haplogroup F1/F1a to be negatively associated with RA (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese results profiled the landscape of germline and somatic mtDNA variants in RA and supported the effects of mitochondrial genes on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Sufei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Donglian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Luqiao, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Suyun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Yufen Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Linhai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Centre (Group), Luqiao, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Taurocholic acid inhibits features of age-related macular degeneration in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107974. [PMID: 32067977 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous metabolomics studies from our lab found altered plasma levels of bile acids in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared to controls. In this study, we investigated the ability of the bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) to inhibit features of AMD modeled in vitro. Paraquat was used to induce oxidative stress in HRPEpiC primary retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Cells were treated with 300 μM paraquat alone or with TCA (10, 50, 100, 200, or 500 μM). RPE tight junction integrity was assessed via ZO-1 immunofluorescence and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements. RF/6A macaque choroidal endothelial cells were treated with 100 ng/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to induce angiogenesis. The effect of TCA on VEGF-induced angiogenesis was evaluated with cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube formation assays. Addition of TCA at 100 (P = 8.6 × 10-4), 200 (P = 0.0035), and 500 (P = 2.1 × 10-4) μM resulted in significant preservation of TEER in paraquat treated cells. In RF/6A cells, TCA did not significantly affect VEGF-induced cell proliferation. VEGF-induced migration of RF/6A cells was significantly inhibited at TCA concentrations of 100 (P = 0.010), 200 (P = 0.023) and 500 (P = 0.0049) μM. VEGF-induced tube formation was significantly inhibited when treated with 200 (P = 0.014) and 500 (P = 7.1 × 10-4) μM TCA. In vitro, TCA promoted RPE cell integrity and diminished VEGF-induced choroidal endothelial cell migration and tube formation. This suggests that TCA may have protective effects against both degenerative and neovascular AMD.
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Joseph TP, Jagadeesan N, Sai LY, Lin SL, Sahu S, Schachner M. Adhesion Molecule L1 Agonist Mimetics Protect Against the Pesticide Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Deficits and Biochemical Alterations in Zebrafish. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:458. [PMID: 32547358 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00458.ecollection2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides several endogenous elements, exogenous factors, including exposure to pesticides, have been recognized as putative factors contributing to the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Considering the availability, success rate, and limitations associated with the current arsenals to fight PD, there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic interventions. Therefore, based on the previously reported beneficial functions of the L1 cell adhesion molecule, we hypothesized that L1 mimetic compounds may serve to neutralize neurotoxicity triggered by the pesticide paraquat (PQ). In this study, we attempt to use PQ for inducing PD-like pathology and the L1 mimetic compounds phenelzine sulfate (PS) and tacrine (TC) as potential candidates for the amelioration of PD symptoms using zebrafish as a model system. Administration of PQ together with the L1 mimetic compounds PS or TC (250 nM) improved survival of zebrafish larvae, protected them from locomotor deficits, and increased their sensorimotor reflexes. Moreover, application of PQ together with PS (500 nM) or TC (1000 nM) in adult zebrafish counteracted PQ-induced toxicity, maintaining normal locomotor functions and spatial memory in an open field and T-maze task, respectively. Both L1 mimetic compounds prevented reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, protected against impairment of mitochondrial viability, improved the antioxidant enzyme system, and prevented a decrease in ATP levels. Altogether, our findings highlight the beneficial functions of the agonistic L1 mimetics PS and TC by improving several vital cell functions against PQ-triggered neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataraj Jagadeesan
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liu Yang Sai
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Stanley Li Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sudhanshu Sahu
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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15
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Joseph TP, Jagadeesan N, Sai LY, Lin SL, Sahu S, Schachner M. Adhesion Molecule L1 Agonist Mimetics Protect Against the Pesticide Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Deficits and Biochemical Alterations in Zebrafish. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:458. [PMID: 32547358 PMCID: PMC7270331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides several endogenous elements, exogenous factors, including exposure to pesticides, have been recognized as putative factors contributing to the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Considering the availability, success rate, and limitations associated with the current arsenals to fight PD, there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic interventions. Therefore, based on the previously reported beneficial functions of the L1 cell adhesion molecule, we hypothesized that L1 mimetic compounds may serve to neutralize neurotoxicity triggered by the pesticide paraquat (PQ). In this study, we attempt to use PQ for inducing PD-like pathology and the L1 mimetic compounds phenelzine sulfate (PS) and tacrine (TC) as potential candidates for the amelioration of PD symptoms using zebrafish as a model system. Administration of PQ together with the L1 mimetic compounds PS or TC (250 nM) improved survival of zebrafish larvae, protected them from locomotor deficits, and increased their sensorimotor reflexes. Moreover, application of PQ together with PS (500 nM) or TC (1000 nM) in adult zebrafish counteracted PQ-induced toxicity, maintaining normal locomotor functions and spatial memory in an open field and T-maze task, respectively. Both L1 mimetic compounds prevented reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, protected against impairment of mitochondrial viability, improved the antioxidant enzyme system, and prevented a decrease in ATP levels. Altogether, our findings highlight the beneficial functions of the agonistic L1 mimetics PS and TC by improving several vital cell functions against PQ-triggered neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataraj Jagadeesan
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liu Yang Sai
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Stanley Li Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sudhanshu Sahu
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center of Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Melitta Schachner, ;
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16
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Karthivashan G, Ganesan P, Park SY, Lee HW, Choi DK. Lipid-based nanodelivery approaches for dopamine-replacement therapies in Parkinson's disease: From preclinical to translational studies. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119704. [PMID: 31901690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, has increased exponentially as the global population continues to age. Although the etiological factors contributing to PD remain uncertain, its average incidence rate is reported to be 1% of the global population older than 60 years. PD is primarily characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and/or associated neuronal networks and the subsequent depletion of dopamine (DA) levels in the brain. Thus, DA or levodopa (l-dopa), a precursor of DA, represent cardinal targets for both idiopathic and symptomatic PD therapeutics. While several therapeutic strategies have been investigated over the past decade for their abilities to curb the progression of PD, an effective cure for PD is currently unavailable. Even DA replacement therapy, an effective PD therapeutic strategy that provides an exogenous supply of DA or l-dopa, has been hindered by severe challenges, such as a poor capacity to bypass the blood-brain barrier and inadequate bioavailability. Nevertheless, with recent advances in nanotechnology, several drug delivery systems have been developed to bypass the barriers associated with central nervous system therapeutics. In here, we sought to describe the adapted lipid-based nanodrug delivery systems used in the field of PD therapeutics and their recent advances, with a particular focus placed on DA replacement therapies. This work initially explores the background of PD; offers descriptions of the most recent molecular targets; currently available clinical medications/limitations; an overview of several lipid-based PD nanotherapeutics, functionalized nanoparticles, and technical aspects in brain delivery; and, finally, presents future perspectives to enhance the use of nanotherapeutics in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science and BK21plus Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science and BK21plus Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Romero-Afrima L, Zelmanovich V, Abergel Z, Zuckerman B, Shaked M, Abergel R, Livshits L, Smith Y, Gross E. Ferritin is regulated by a neuro-intestinal axis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101359. [PMID: 31677552 PMCID: PMC6920132 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is vital for the life of most organisms. However, when dysregulated, iron can catalyze the formation of oxygen (O2) radicals that can destroy any biological molecule and thus lead to oxidative injury and death. Therefore, iron metabolism must be tightly regulated at all times, as well as coordinated with the metabolism of O2. However, how is this achieved at the whole animal level is not well understood. Here, we explore this question using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. This O2-dependent inhibition is mediated by O2-sensing neurons that communicate with the intestine through neurotransmitter and neuropeptide signalling, and requires the activity of hydroxylated HIF-1. By contrast, the induction of ftn-1 in hypoxia appears to be HIF-1-independent. This upregulation provides protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and oxidative injury. Taken together, our studies uncover a neuro-intestine axis that coordinates O2 and iron responses at the whole animal level. The expression of ferritin 1 (ftn-1) is tightly regulated by O2 tension. O2-sensing neurons inhibit the expression of ftn-1 in the intestine at 21% O2. Hydroxylated–HIF–1 inhibits the expression of ftn-1 at 21% O2. ftn-1 is important for protecting against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Romero-Afrima
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Veronica Zelmanovich
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Zohar Abergel
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Binyamin Zuckerman
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Maayan Shaked
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Rachel Abergel
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Leonid Livshits
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel.
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18
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Dreier DA, Mello D, Meyer J, Martyniuk CJ. Linking Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Organismal and Population Health in the Context of Environmental Pollutants: Progress and Considerations for Mitochondrial Adverse Outcome Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1625-1634. [PMID: 31034624 PMCID: PMC6961808 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key targets of many environmental contaminants, because specific chemicals can interact directly with mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and ribonucleic acids. These direct interactions serve as molecular initiating events that impede adenosine triphosphate production and other critical functions that mitochondria serve within the cell (e.g., calcium and metal homeostasis, apoptosis, immune signaling, redox balance). A limited but growing number of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to associate mitochondrial dysfunction with effects at organismal and population levels. These pathways involve key events such as altered membrane potential, mitochondrial fission/fusion, and mitochondrial DNA damage, among others. The present critical review and analysis reveals current progress on AOPs involving mitochondrial dysfunction, and, using a network-based computational approach, identifies the localization of mitochondrial molecular initiating events and key events within multiple existing AOPs. We also present 2 case studies, the first examining the interaction between mitochondria and immunotoxicity, and the second examining the role of early mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of behavior (i.e., locomotor activity). We discuss limitations in our current understanding of mitochondrial AOPs and highlight opportunities for clarifying their details. Advancing our knowledge of key event relationships within the AOP framework will require high-throughput datasets that permit the development and testing of chemical-agnostic AOPs, as well as high-resolution research that will enhance the mechanistic testing and validation of these key event relationships. Given the wide range of chemicals that affect mitochondria, and the centrality of energy production and signaling to ecologically important outcomes such as pathogen defense, homeostasis, growth, and reproduction, a better understanding of mitochondrial AOPs is expected to play a significant, if not central, role in environmental toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1625-1634. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Dreier
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
| | - Danielle Mello
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0328 USA
| | - Joel Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0328 USA
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
- Address correspondence to
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19
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Kuk MU, Kim JW, Lee YS, Cho KA, Park JT, Park SC. Alleviation of Senescence via ATM Inhibition in Accelerated Aging Models. Mol Cells 2019; 42:210-217. [PMID: 30726661 PMCID: PMC6449716 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of mitochondrial function is closely linked to the control of senescence. In our previous study, we uncovered a novel mechanism in which senescence amelioration in normal aging cells is mediated by the recovered mitochondrial function upon Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition. However, it remains elusive whether this mechanism is also applicable to senescence amelioration in accelerated aging cells. In this study, we examined the role of ATM inhibition on mitochondrial function in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner syndrome (WS) cells. We found that ATM inhibition induced mitochondrial functional recovery accompanied by metabolic reprogramming, which has been known to be a prerequisite for senescence alleviation in normal aging cells. Indeed, the induced mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming was coupled with senescence amelioration in accelerated aging cells. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect via ATM inhibition was observed in HGPS as evidenced by reduced progerin accumulation with concomitant decrease of abnormal nuclear morphology. Taken together, our data indicate that the mitochondrial functional recovery by ATM inhibition might represent a promising strategy to ameliorate the accelerated aging phenotypes and to treat age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu,
Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu,
Korea
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju,
Korea
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20
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Lushchak VI, Matviishyn TM, Husak VV, Storey JM, Storey KB. Pesticide toxicity: a mechanistic approach. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:1101-1136. [PMID: 30564086 PMCID: PMC6295629 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are known for their high persistence and pervasiveness in the environment, and along with products of their biotransformation, they may remain in and interact with the environment and living organisms in multiple ways, according to their nature and chemical structure, dose and targets. In this review, the classifications of pesticides based on their nature, use, physical state, pathophysiological effects, and sources are discussed. The effects of these xenobiotics on the environment, their biotransformation in terms of bioaccumulation are highlighted with special focus on the molecular mechanisms deciphered to date. Basing on targeted organisms, most pesticides are classified as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. Herbicides are known as growth regulators, seedling growth inhibitors, photosynthesis inhibitors, inhibitors of amino acid and lipid biosynthesis, cell membrane disrupters, and pigment biosynthesis inhibitors, whereas fungicides include inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, and mitochondrial respiration. Insecticides mainly affect nerves and muscle, growth and development, and energy production. Studying the impact of pesticides and other related chemicals is of great interest to animal and human health risk assessment processes since potentially everyone can be exposed to these compounds which may cause many diseases, including metabolic syndrome, malnutrition, atherosclerosis, inflammation, pathogen invasion, nerve injury, and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Future studies should be directed to investigate influence of long term effects of low pesticide doses and to minimize or eliminate influence of pesticides on non-target living organisms, produce more specific pesticides and using modern technologies to decrease contamination of food and other goods by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana M. Matviishyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Viktor V. Husak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Janet M. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Wang Q, Franz KJ. Modifying aroylhydrazone prochelators for hydrolytic stability and improved cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5962-5972. [PMID: 30429096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BSIH ((E)-N'-(2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide) is a prodrug version of the metal chelator SIH ((E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide) in which a boronate group prevents metal chelation until reaction with hydrogen peroxide releases SIH, which is then available for sequestering iron(III) and inhibiting iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. While BSIH has shown promise for conditionally targeting iron sequestration in cells under oxidative stress, the yield of SIH is limited by the fact that BSIH exists in cell culture media as an equilibrium mixture with its hydrolysis products isoniazid and 2-formylphenyl boronic acid. In the current study, several BSIH analogs were evaluated for their hydrolytic stability, reaction outcomes with H2O2, and prochelator-to-chelator conversion efficiency. Notably, the para-methoxy derivative (p-OMe)BSIH ((E)-N'-(5-methoxy-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide) and the meta-, para-double substituted (MD)BSIH ((E)-N'-((6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide) showed 1.3- and 1.9-fold improved hydrolytic stability compared to BSIH, respectively, leading to a 22 and 50% increase in chelator released. Moreover, both prochelators were found to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells stressed with either H2O2 or paraquat insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Magalhães N, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Human and experimental toxicology of diquat poisoning: Toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, and treatment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1131-1160. [PMID: 29569487 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridinium ion; DQ) is a nonselective quick-acting herbicide, which is used as contact and preharvest desiccant to control terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. Several cases of human poisoning were reported worldwide mainly due to intentional ingestion of the liquid formulations. Its toxic potential results from its ability to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through redox cycling processes that can lead to oxidative stress and potentially cell death. Kidney is the main target organ due to DQ toxicokinetics and redox cycling. There is no antidote against DQ intoxications, and the efficacy of treatments currently applied is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this work was to review the most relevant human and experimental findings related to DQ, characterizing its chemistry, activity as herbicide, mechanisms of toxicity, consequences of poisoning, and potential therapeutic approaches taking into account previous experience in developing antidotes for paraquat, a more toxic bipyridinium herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Magalhães
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R J Dinis-Oliveira
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.,3 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Wang XH, Souders CL, Zhao YH, Martyniuk CJ. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and locomotor activity are altered in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to the bipyridylium herbicide diquat. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Temoçin Z, Kim E, Li J, Panzella L, Alfieri ML, Napolitano A, Kelly DL, Bentley WE, Payne GF. The Analgesic Acetaminophen and the Antipsychotic Clozapine Can Each Redox-Cycle with Melanin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2766-2777. [PMID: 28945963 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanins are ubiquitous but their complexity and insolubility has hindered characterization of their structures and functions. We are developing electrochemical reverse engineering methodologies that focus on properties and especially on redox properties. Previous studies have shown that melanins (i) are redox-active and can rapidly and repeatedly exchange electrons with diffusible oxidants and reductants, and (ii) have redox potentials in midregion of the physiological range. These properties suggest the functional activities of melanins will depend on their redox context. The brain has a complex redox context with steep local gradients in O2 that can promote redox-cycling between melanin and diffusible redox-active chemical species. Here, we performed in vitro reverse engineering studies and report that melanins can redox-cycle with two common redox-active drugs. Experimentally, we used two melanin models: a convenient natural melanin derived from cuttlefish (Sepia melanin) and a synthetic cysteinyldopamine-dopamine core-shell model of neuromelanin. One drug, acetaminophen (APAP), has been used clinically for over a century, and recent studies suggest that low doses of APAP can protect the brain from oxidative-stress-induced toxicity and neurodegeneration, while higher doses can have toxic effects in the brain. The second drug, clozapine (CLZ), is a second generation antipsychotic with polypharmacological activities that remain incompletely understood. These in vitro observations suggest that the redox activities of drugs may be relevant to their modes-of-action, and that melanins may interact with drugs in ways that affect their activities, metabolism, and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülfikar Temoçin
- Department
of Chemistry, Science and Arts Faculty, Kırıkkale University, Yahs̨ihan,71450 Kırıkkale, Turkey
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jinyang Li
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Alfieri
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Deanna L. Kelly
- Maryland
Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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25
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Mizunoe Y, Kobayashi M, Sudo Y, Watanabe S, Yasukawa H, Natori D, Hoshino A, Negishi A, Okita N, Komatsu M, Higami Y. Trehalose protects against oxidative stress by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 and autophagy pathways. Redox Biol 2017; 15:115-124. [PMID: 29241092 PMCID: PMC5730428 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of autophagy, which regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading organelles and proteins, is associated with pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disease. Trehalose, a naturally occurring nontoxic disaccharide found in plants, insects, microorganisms and invertebrates, but not in mammals, was reported to function as a mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-independent inducer of autophagy. In addition, trehalose functions as an antioxidant though its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that trehalose not only promoted autophagy, but also increased p62 protein expression, in an autophagy-independent manner. In addition, trehalose increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in a p62-dependent manner and enhance expression of its downstream antioxidant factors, heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1). Moreover, treatment with trehalose significantly reduced amount of reactive oxygen species. Collectively, these results suggested that trehalose can function as a novel activator of the p62-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, in addition to inducing autophagy. Therefore, trehalose may be useful to treat many chronic diseases involving oxidative stress and dysfunction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Mizunoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shukoh Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromine Yasukawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Natori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ayana Hoshino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Arisa Negishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
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26
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Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Patel M, McElroy PB. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REDOX SIGNALLING IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622888-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders where oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated as etiological factors. Mitochondria are the major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can have damaging effects to cellular macromolecules leading to neurodegeneration. The most compelling evidence for the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of PD has been derived from toxicant-induced models of parkinsonism. Over the years, epidemiological studies have suggested a link between exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides and the risk of developing PD. Data from human and experimental studies involving the use of chemical agents like paraquat, diquat, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, rotenone and maneb have provided valuable insight into the underlying mitochondrial mechanisms contributing to PD and associated neurodegeneration. In this review, we have discussed the role of mitochondrial ROS and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD with a special focus on environmental agent-induced parkinsonism. We have described the various mitochondrial mechanisms by which such chemicals exert neurotoxicity, highlighting some landmark epidemiological and experimental studies that support the role of mitochondrial ROS and oxidative stress in contributing to these effects. Finally, we have discussed the significance of these studies in understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of PD-related dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - Pallavi Bhuyan McElroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA
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28
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Potential mechanisms of development-dependent adverse effects of the herbicide paraquat in 3D rat brain cell cultures. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:116-124. [PMID: 28467894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants during vulnerable windows of brain development is suspected to raise the prevalence for neurological dysfunctions at later stages in life. Differentiation processes and changes in morphology, as well as a lack of physiological barriers, might be reasons that render a developing brain more susceptible to neurotoxicants than an adult. However, also the intrinsic capacity of cells to combat toxicant induced cellular stress might differ between the immature- and mature brain. In order to study whether this intrinsic protection capacity differs between immature and maturated brain cells we chose to study the maturation-dependent adverse effects of the known neurotoxicant Paraquat Dichloride (PQ) in 3D rat brain cell cultures. This in vitro system consists of the major brain cell types - neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia - and over the time in vitro cultured cells undergo differentiation and maturation into a tissue-like organization. PQ was applied repeatedly over ten days in the sub-micromolar range, and effects were evaluated on neurons and glial cells. We observed that despite a higher PQ-uptake in mature cultures, PQ-induced adverse effects on glutamatergic-, GABAergic- and dopaminergic neurons, as assessed by gene expression and enzymatic activity, were more pronounced in immature cultures. This was associated with a stronger astrogliosis in immature- as compared to mature cultures, as well as perturbations of the glutathione-mediated defense against oxidative stress. Furthermore we observed evidence of microglial activation only in mature cultures, whereas immature cultures appeared to down-regulate markers for neuroprotective M2-microglial phenotype upon PQ-exposure. Taken together our results indicate that immature brain cell cultures have less intrinsic capacity to cope with cellular stress elicited by PQ as compared to mature cells. This may render immature brain cells more susceptible to the adverse effects of PQ.
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29
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Müller TE, Nunes ME, Menezes CC, Marins AT, Leitemperger J, Gressler ACL, Carvalho FB, de Freitas CM, Quadros VA, Fachinetto R, Rosemberg DB, Loro VL. Sodium Selenite Prevents Paraquat-Induced Neurotoxicity in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1928-1941. [PMID: 28244005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering the antioxidant properties of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and the involvement of oxidative stress events in paraquat-induced neurotoxicity, this study investigated the protective effect of dietary Na2SeO3 on biochemical and behavioral parameters of zebrafish exposed to paraquat (PQ). Fish were pretreated with a Na2SeO3 diet for 21 days and then PQ (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally with six injections for 16 days. In the novel tank test, the Na2SeO3 diet prevented the locomotor impairments, as well as the increase in the time spent in the top area of the tank, and the exacerbation of freezing episodes. In the preference for conspecifics and in the mirror-induced aggression (MIA) tasks, Na2SeO3 prevented the increase in the latency to enter the area closer to conspecifics and the agonistic behavior of PQ-treated animals, respectively. Na2SeO3 prevented the increase of carbonylated protein (CP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels, as well as the decrease in non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels. Regarding the antioxidant enzymatic defenses, Na2SeO3 prevented the increase in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities caused by PQ. Altogether, dietary Na2SeO3 improves behavioral and biochemical function impaired by PQ treatment in zebrafish, by modulating not only redox parameters, but also anxiety- and aggressive-like phenotypes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talise E Müller
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro E Nunes
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Charlene C Menezes
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aline T Marins
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Leitemperger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lopes Gressler
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Catiuscia Molz de Freitas
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Quadros
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA, 70458, USA
| | - Vania L Loro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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30
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Circu ML, Maloney RE, Aw TY. Diquat-induced cellular pyridine nucleotide redox changes and alteration of metabolic enzyme activities in colonic carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 264:43-51. [PMID: 28108222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that the redox cycler menadione (MQ) induced cellular pyridine nucleotide redox imbalance that was linked to a decrease in aerobic glycolysis and perturbation of the mitochondrial respiratory activity due to the redox cycling of the compound; these processes were potentiated by low glucose. In this study, we investigated how colonic epithelial cells maintained pyridine nucleotide (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) redox homeostasis upon acute metabolic variation and exposure to the redox cycling diquat (DQ). Our results show that DQ challenge disrupted cellular NADH/NAD+ redox status and enhanced cellular NADPH generation. Notably, DQ-induced NADH decrease was associated with enhanced lactate production, a process that was potentiated by glucose availability, but not by the mitochondrial substrates, succinate or malate/glutamate. In addition, DQ increased glucose 6-phoshate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity consistent with glucose diversion towards pentose phosphate pathway. As a consequence, steady-state NADPH levels were maintained during MQ challenge at normal glucose. In contrast and despite increased G6PDH and malic enzyme (ME) activities, DQ induced cellular NADPH-to-NADP+ shift at low glucose, a situation that was reversed by mitochondrial substrates. Collectively, these results are consistent with increased aerobic glycolysis by DQ and specific metabolic changes leading to enhanced NADPH generation upon oxidative challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L Circu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States; Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.
| | - Ronald E Maloney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Tak Yee Aw
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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31
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Herraiz T. N-methyltetrahydropyridines and pyridinium cations as toxins and comparison with naturally-occurring alkaloids. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:23-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Response to the Letter to the Editor: “Mitochondria isolated from the striatum of the brain exhibit a higher degree of oxidative phosphorylation coupling, which shows that they are not subject to energetic dysfunction upon acute paraquat administration”. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:553-555. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Kim E, Leverage WT, Liu Y, Panzella L, Alfieri ML, Napolitano A, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Paraquat-Melanin Redox-Cycling: Evidence from Electrochemical Reverse Engineering. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1057-67. [PMID: 27246915 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress and the death of melanin-containing neurons of the substantia nigra. Epidemiological evidence links exposure to the pesticide paraquat (PQ) to Parkinson's disease, and this link has been explained by a redox cycling mechanism that induces oxidative stress. Here, we used a novel electrochemistry-based reverse engineering methodology to test the hypothesis that PQ can undergo reductive redox cycling with melanin. In this method, (i) an insoluble natural melanin (from Sepia melanin) and a synthetic model melanin (having a cysteinyldopamine-melanin core and dopamine-melanin shell) were entrapped in a nonconducting hydrogel film adjacent to an electrode, (ii) the film-coated electrode was immersed in solutions containing PQ (putative redox cycling reductant) and a redox cycling oxidant (ferrocene dimethanol), (iii) sequences of input potentials (i.e., voltages) were imposed to the underlying electrode to systematically engage reductive and oxidative redox cycling, and (iv) output response currents were analyzed for signatures of redox cycling. The response characteristics of the PQ-melanin systems to various input potential sequences support the hypothesis that PQ can directly donate electrons to melanin. This observation of PQ-melanin redox interactions demonstrates an association between two components that have been individually linked to oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease. Potentially, melanin's redox activity could be an important component in understanding the etiology of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland 5115 Plant Sciences Building College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - W. Taylor Leverage
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland 5115 Plant Sciences Building College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland 5115 Plant Sciences Building College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Alfieri
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland 5115 Plant Sciences Building College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland 5115 Plant Sciences Building College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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34
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Park JH, Park YS, Koh HC. Progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons induced by inflammatory responses to fipronil. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:36-45. [PMID: 27313094 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are involved in mechanisms of neuronal cell damage in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the mechanisms whereby inflammatory responses contribute to loss of dopaminergic neurons in fipronil (FPN)-treated rats. After stereotaxic injection of FPN in the substantia nigra (SN), the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and the levels of TH expression in the SN decreased at 7days, and a significant decrease was observed at 14days with a subsequent reduction in striatal TH expression. Decreases in dopamine (DA) levels, however, began at 3days post-injection, preceding the changes in TH expression. In contrast, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was significantly increased at 3days and persisted for up to 14days post-lesion; these changes in GFAP expression appeared to be inversely correlated with TH expression. Furthermore, we found that FPN administration induced an inflammatory response characterized by increased levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which was mediated by activated microglia following infusion of FPN unilaterally into the SN. Intranigral injection of FPN underwent an inflammatory response with a resultant ongoing loss of dopaminergic neurons, indicating that pesticides may have important implication for the study of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Sun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Koh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Regulation of Neuronal Oxygen Responses in C. elegans Is Mediated through Interactions between Globin 5 and the H-NOX Domains of Soluble Guanylate Cyclases. J Neurosci 2016; 36:963-78. [PMID: 26791224 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3170-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclases (sGCs) are gas-binding proteins that control diverse physiological processes such as vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and synaptic plasticity. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a complex of sGCs, GCY-35 and GCY-36, functions in oxygen (O2) sensing. Previous studies suggested that the neuroglobin GLB-5 genetically interacts with GCY-35, and that the inhibitory effect of GLB-5 on GCY-35 function is necessary for fast recovery from prolonged hypoxia. In this study, we identified mutations in gcy-35 and gcy-36 that impact fast recovery and other phenotypes associated with GLB-5, without undermining sGC activity. These mutations, heb1 and heb3, change conserved amino acid residues in the regulatory H-NOX domains of GCY-35 and GCY-36, respectively, and appear to suppress GLB-5 activity by different mechanisms. Moreover, we observed that short exposure to 35% O2 desensitized the neurons responsible for ambient O2 sensing and that this phenomenon does not occur in heb1 animals. These observations may implicate sGCs in neuronal desensitization mechanisms far beyond the specific case of O2 sensing in nematodes. The conservation of functionally important regions of sGCs is supported by examining site-directed mutants of GCY-35, which suggested that similar regions in the H-NOX domains of O2 and NO-sensing sGCs are important for heme/gas interactions. Overall, our studies provide novel insights into sGC activity and regulation, and implicate similar structural determinants in the control of both O2 and NO sensors. Significance statement: Soluble guanylate cyclases (sGCs) control essential and diverse physiological processes, including memory processing. We used Caenorhabditis elegans to explore how a neuroglobin inhibits a complex of oxygen-sensing sGCs, identifying sGC mutants that resist inhibition. Resistance appears to arise by two different mechanisms: increased basal sGC activity or disruption of an interaction with neuroglobin. Our findings demonstrate that the inhibition of sGCs by neuroglobin is essential for rapid adaptation to either low or high oxygen levels, and that similar structural regions are key for regulating both oxygen and nitric oxide sensors. Based on our structural and functional analyses, we present the hypothesis that neuroglobin-sGC interactions may be generally important for adaptation processes, including those in organisms with more complex neurological functions.
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Pharaoh G, Pulliam D, Hill S, Sataranatarajan K, Van Remmen H. Ablation of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly protein Surf1 leads to increased expression of the UPR(MT) and increased resistance to oxidative stress in primary cultures of fibroblasts. Redox Biol 2016; 8:430-8. [PMID: 27208630 PMCID: PMC4878459 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV assembly protein SURF1 have reduced assembly and activity of cytochrome c oxidase that is associated with an upregulation of components of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT) and increased mitochondrial number. We hypothesized that the upregulation of proteins associated with the UPRMT in response to reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in Surf1−/− mice might contribute to increased stress resistance. To test this hypothesis we asked whether primary cultures of fibroblasts from Surf1−/− mice exhibit enhanced resistance to stressors compared to wild-type fibroblasts. Here we show that primary dermal fibroblasts isolated from Surf1−/− mice have increased expression of UPRMT components ClpP and Hsp60, and increased expression of Lon protease. Fibroblasts from Surf1−/− mice are significantly more resistant to cell death caused by oxidative stress induced by paraquat or tert-Butyl hydroperoxide compared to cells from wild-type mice. In contrast, Surf1−/− fibroblasts show no difference in sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide stress. The enhanced cell survival in response to paraquat or tert-Butyl hydroperoxide in Surf1−/− fibroblasts compared to wild-type fibroblasts is associated with induced expression of Lon, ClpP, and Hsp60, increased maximal respiration, and increased reserve capacity as measured using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Overall these data support a protective role for the activation of the UPRMT in cell survival. Surf1−/− mice fibroblasts exhibit upregulation of proteins involved in the UPRMT. Mitochondrial specific oxidative stressors induce UPRMT in mammalian fibroblasts. Surf1−/− fibroblasts exhibit enhanced mitochondrial specific stress resistance. Surf1−/− fibroblasts have increased maximal respiration and respiratory reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 940 S.L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Daniel Pulliam
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Shauna Hill
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Kavithalakshmi Sataranatarajan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, 921 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 940 S.L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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Janda E, Lascala A, Carresi C, Parafati M, Aprigliano S, Russo V, Savoia C, Ziviani E, Musolino V, Morani F, Isidoro C, Mollace V. Parkinsonian toxin-induced oxidative stress inhibits basal autophagy in astrocytes via NQO2/quinone oxidoreductase 2: Implications for neuroprotection. Autophagy 2016; 11:1063-80. [PMID: 26046590 PMCID: PMC4590600 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1058683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) stimulates autophagy in different cellular systems, but it remains controversial if this rule can be generalized. We have analyzed the effect of chronic OS induced by the parkinsonian toxin paraquat (PQ) on autophagy in astrocytoma cells and primary astrocytes, which represent the first cellular target of neurotoxins in the brain. PQ decreased the basal levels of LC3-II and LC3-positive vesicles, and its colocalization with lysosomal markers, both in the absence and presence of chloroquine. This was paralleled by increased number and size of SQSTM1/p62 aggregates. Downregulation of autophagy was also observed in cells chronically exposed to hydrogen peroxide or nonlethal concentrations of PQ, and it was associated with a reduced astrocyte capability to protect dopaminergic cells from OS in co-cultures. Surprisingly, PQ treatment led to inhibition of MTOR, activation of MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK1/ERK2-MAPK3/ERK1 and upregulation of BECN1/Beclin 1 expression, all signals typically correlating with induction of autophagy. Reduction of OS by NMDPEF, a specific NQO2 inhibitor, but not by N-acetylcysteine, abrogated the inhibitory effect of PQ and restored autophagic flux. Activation of NQO2 by PQ or menadione and genetic manipulation of its expression confirmed the role of this enzyme in the inhibitory action of PQ on autophagy. PQ did not induce NFE2L2/NRF2, but when it was co-administered with NMDPEF NFE2L2 activity was enhanced in a SQSTM1-independent fashion. Thus, a prolonged OS in astrocytes inhibits LC3 lipidation and impairs autophagosome formation and autophagic flux, in spite of concomitant activation of several pro-autophagic signals. These findings outline an unanticipated neuroprotective role of astrocyte autophagy and identify in NQO2 a novel pharmacological target for its positive modulation.
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Key Words
- AVs, autophagic vacuoles
- Ab, antibody
- BNAH, benzyldihydronicotinamide riboside
- CA-DCF-DA, 5(6)-carboxy-2′,7′ dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- CQ, chloroquine
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FACS, flow cytometry
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- K3, menadione
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MPTP, 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetraidro-piridine
- MitoSOX, 3,8-phenanthridinediamine, 5-(6′-triphenylphosphoniumhexyl)-5,6 dihydro-6-phenyl
- NFE2L2, nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2
- NMDPEF, N-[2-(2-methoxy-6H-dipyrido[2,3-a:3,2-e]pyrrolizin-11-yl)ethyl]-2-furamide]
- NQO2
- OS, oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PQ, paraquat
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT, room temperature
- SN, substantia nigra
- TTBS, Tween-Tris buffered saline
- WB, western blotting
- astrocytes
- macroautophagy
- p-, phosphorylated
- paraquat
- parkinson disease
- shRNA, short harpin ribonucleic acid
- siRNA, small interfering ribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Janda
- a Department of Health Sciences; University "Magna Graecia"; Campus Germaneto ; Catanzaro , Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Koch
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University 101 Life Sciences Hall Auburn AL 36830 USA
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University 101 Life Sciences Hall Auburn AL 36830 USA
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Opposing effects of oxidative challenge and carotenoids on antioxidant status and condition-dependent sexual signalling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23546. [PMID: 27000655 PMCID: PMC4802301 DOI: 10.1038/srep23546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent hypotheses consider oxidative stress to be a primary constraint ensuring honesty of condition-dependent carotenoid-based signalling. The key testable difference between these hypotheses is the assumed importance of carotenoids for redox homeostasis, with carotenoids being either antioxidant, pro-oxidant or unimportant. We tested the role of carotenoids in redox balance and sexual signalling by exposing adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to oxidative challenge (diquat dibromide) and manipulating carotenoid intake. As the current controversy over the importance of carotenoids as antioxidants could stem from the hydrophilic basis of commonly-used antioxidant assays, we used the novel measure of in vivo lipophilic antioxidant capacity. Oxidative challenge reduced beak pigmentation but elicited an increase in antioxidant capacity suggesting resource reallocation from signalling to redox homeostasis. Carotenoids counteracted the effect of oxidative challenge on lipophilic (but not hydrophilic) antioxidant capacity, thereby supporting carotenoid antioxidant function in vivo. This is inconsistent with hypotheses proposing that signalling honesty is maintained through either ROS-induced carotenoid degradation or the pro-oxidant effect of high levels of carotenoid-cleavage products acting as a physiological handicap. Our data further suggest that assessment of lipophilic antioxidant capacity is necessary to fully understand the role of redox processes in ecology and evolution.
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Shukla S, Singh D, Kumar V, Chauhan AK, Singh S, Ahmad I, Pandey HP, Singh C. NADPH oxidase mediated maneb- and paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rat polymorphs: Crosstalk with mitochondrial dysfunction. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 123:74-86. [PMID: 26267055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and impaired mitochondrion regulate oxidative stress-mediated maneb (MB)- and paraquat (PQ)-induced Parkinsonism. However, their contribution in the MB- and PQ-induced toxicity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is still elusive. The study investigated the role of NADPH oxidase and mitochondria in MB- and/or PQ-induced oxidative stress in the PMNs and the crossing point between the two. Animals were treated with MB and/or PQ for 1-3 weeks along with respective controls. In a few sets of experiments, rats were treated with/without NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, an hour prior to MB and/or PQ treatment. PMNs of MB and/or PQ treated animals were also treated with/without carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to assess the role of the mitochondria in superoxide and total free radical productions. MB and/or PQ were found to increase the level of total reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide radicals, catalytic activity and expression of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD1/2) and mitochondrial ROS content in a time dependent manner. Conversely, catalase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential were attenuated. Apocynin alleviated MB- and/or PQ-induced changes in total ROS, superoxide radicals, expression/catalytic activity of NADPH oxidase and SOD1/2 along with the mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential. CCCP also inhibited ROS and superoxide levels in the PMNs of MB and/or PQ-treated animals. The results demonstrate the involvement of NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial dysfunction in MB and PQ-induced oxidative stress in PMNs and a plausible crosstalk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Shukla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Amit Kumar Chauhan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Shweta Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chetna Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Esperanza M, Cid Á, Herrero C, Rioboo C. Acute effects of a prooxidant herbicide on the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Screening cytotoxicity and genotoxicity endpoints. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:210-221. [PMID: 26117094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since recent evidence has demonstrated that many types of chemicals exhibit oxidative and/or genotoxic potential on living organisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and DNA damage are currently the best accepted paradigms to assess the potential hazardous biological effects of a wide range of contaminants. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of different cytotoxicity and genotoxicity responses on the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to the prooxidant herbicide paraquat. In addition to the growth endpoint, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed as potential markers of cytotoxicity using flow cytometry (FCM). To study the effects of paraquat on C. reinhardtii DNA, several genotoxicity approaches were implemented for the first time in an ecotoxicological study on microalgae. Oxidative DNA base damage was analysed by measuring the oxidative DNA lesion 8-OHdG by FCM. DNA fragmentation was analysed by different methods: comet assay, and cell cycle analysis by FCM, with a particular focus on the presence of subG1-nuclei. Finally, effects on morphology of nuclei were monitored through DAPI staining. The evaluation of these endpoints showed that several physiological and biochemical parameters reacted to oxidative stress disturbances with greater sensitivity than integrative parameters such as growth rates or cell viability. The experiments revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (ROS formation, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane), genotoxicity (oxidative DNA damage, DNA strand breakage, alterations in nuclear morphology), and cell cycle disturbances (subG1-nuclei, decrease of 4N population) in paraquat-treated cells. Overall, the genotoxicity results indicate that the production of ROS caused by exposure to paraquat induces oxidative DNA damage followed by DNA single- and double-strand breaks and cell cycle alterations, possibly leading to apoptosis in C. reinhardtii cells. This is supported by the observation of typical hallmarks of apoptosis, such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, alterations in nuclear morphology and subG1 nuclei in cells exposed to the highest assayed concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a comprehensive analysis of oxidative DNA base damage in unicellular algal cells exposed to a prooxidant pollutant, as well as of its possible relation with other physiological effects. These results reinforce the need for additional studies on the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants on ecologically relevant organisms such as microalgae that can provide a promising basis for the characterization of potential pollutant hazards in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esperanza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carmen Rioboo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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Chin-Chan M, Navarro-Yepes J, Quintanilla-Vega B. Environmental pollutants as risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:124. [PMID: 25914621 PMCID: PMC4392704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson (PD) have attracted attention in last decades due to their high incidence worldwide. The etiology of these diseases is still unclear; however the role of the environment as a putative risk factor has gained importance. More worryingly is the evidence that pre- and post-natal exposures to environmental factors predispose to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases in later life. Neurotoxic metals such as lead, mercury, aluminum, cadmium and arsenic, as well as some pesticides and metal-based nanoparticles have been involved in AD due to their ability to increase beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the phosphorylation of Tau protein (P-Tau), causing senile/amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) characteristic of AD. The exposure to lead, manganese, solvents and some pesticides has been related to hallmarks of PD such as mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in metal homeostasis and aggregation of proteins such as α-synuclein (α-syn), which is a key constituent of Lewy bodies (LB), a crucial factor in PD pathogenesis. Common mechanisms of environmental pollutants to increase Aβ, P-Tau, α-syn and neuronal death have been reported, including the oxidative stress mainly involved in the increase of Aβ and α-syn, and the reduced activity/protein levels of Aβ degrading enzyme (IDE)s such as neprilysin or insulin IDE. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms by maternal nutrient supplementation and exposure to heavy metals and pesticides have been proposed to lead phenotypic diversity and susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses data from epidemiological and experimental studies about the role of environmental factors in the development of idiopathic AD and PD, and their mechanisms of action.
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Lopert P, Patel M. Mitochondrial mechanisms of redox cycling agents implicated in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:113-23. [PMID: 25749885 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental agents have been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) based on epidemiological studies and the ability of toxicants to replicate features of PD. However, the precise mechanisms by which toxicants induce dopaminergic toxicity observed in the idiopathic form of PD remain to be fully understood. The roles of ROS and mitochondria are strongly suggested in the mechanisms by which these toxicants exert dopaminergic toxicity. There are marked differences and similarities shared by the toxicants in increasing steady-state levels of mitochondrial ROS. Furthermore, toxicants increase steady-state mitochondrial ROS levels by stimulating the production, inhibiting the antioxidant pathways of both. This review will focus on the role of mitochondria and ROS in PD associated with environmental exposures to redox-based toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lopert
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Nisar R, Hanson PS, He L, Taylor RW, Blain PG, Morris CM. Diquat causes caspase-independent cell death in SH-SY5Y cells by production of ROS independently of mitochondria. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1811-25. [PMID: 25693864 PMCID: PMC4572080 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that Parkinson's disease (PD), in addition to having a genetic aetiology, has an environmental component that contributes to disease onset and progression. The exact nature of any environmental agent contributing to PD is unknown in most cases. Given its similarity to paraquat, an agrochemical removed from registration in the EU for its suspected potential to cause PD, we have investigated the in vitro capacity of the related herbicide Diquat to cause PD-like cell death. Diquat showed greater toxicity towards SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and human midbrain neural cells than paraquat and also MPTP, which was independent of dopamine transporter-mediated uptake. Diquat caused cell death independently of caspase activation, potentially via RIP1 kinase, with only a minor contribution from apoptosis, which was accompanied by enhanced reactive oxygen species production in the absence of major inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. No changes in α-synuclein expression were observed following 24-h or 4-week exposure. Diquat may, therefore, kill neural tissue by programmed necrosis rather than apoptosis, reflecting the pathological changes seen following high-level exposure, although its ability to promote PD is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nisar
- The Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR HPRU in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - P S Hanson
- The Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR HPRU in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - L He
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - R W Taylor
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - P G Blain
- The Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR HPRU in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4AA, UK
| | - C M Morris
- The Medical Toxicology Centre, and NIHR HPRU in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Wolfson Building, Newcastle University, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4AA, UK.
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Navarro-Yepes J, Zavala-Flores L, Anandhan A, Wang F, Skotak M, Chandra N, Li M, Pappa A, Martinez-Fong D, Del Razo LM, Quintanilla-Vega B, Franco R. Antioxidant gene therapy against neuronal cell death. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:206-30. [PMID: 24333264 PMCID: PMC3959583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common hallmark of neuronal cell death associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, as well as brain stroke/ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Increased accumulation of reactive species of both oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction, energy impairment, alterations in metal homeostasis and accumulation of aggregated proteins observed in neurodegenerative disorders, which lead to the activation/modulation of cell death mechanisms that include apoptotic, necrotic and autophagic pathways. Thus, the design of novel antioxidant strategies to selectively target oxidative stress and redox imbalance might represent important therapeutic approaches against neurological disorders. This work reviews the evidence demonstrating the ability of genetically encoded antioxidant systems to selectively counteract neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic brain damage. Because gene therapy approaches to treat inherited and acquired disorders offer many unique advantages over conventional therapeutic approaches, we discussed basic research/clinical evidence and the potential of virus-mediated gene delivery techniques for antioxidant gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Navarro-Yepes
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Zavala-Flores
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Annadurai Anandhan
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Maciej Skotak
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Namas Chandra
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Blanco-Ayala T, Andérica-Romero AC, Pedraza-Chaverri J. New insights into antioxidant strategies against paraquat toxicity. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:623-40. [PMID: 24593876 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.899694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ, 1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is a highly toxic quaternary ammonium herbicide widely used in agriculture, it exerts its toxic effects mainly because of its redox cycle through the production of superoxide anions in organisms, leading to an imbalance in the redox state of the cell causing oxidative damage and finally cell death. The contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction including increased production of reactive oxygen species besides the reduction in oxygen consumption as well as in the activity of some respiratory complexes has emerged as a key component in the mechanisms through which PQ induces cell death. Although several aspects of PQ-mitochondria interaction remain to be clarified, recent advances have been conducted with reproducible results. Currently, there is no treatment for PQ poisoning; however, several studies taking into account oxidative stress as the main mechanism of PQ-induced toxicity suggest an antioxidant therapy as a viable alternative. In fact, it has been shown that the antioxidants naringin, sylimarin, edaravone, Bathysa cuspidata extracts, alpha-lipoic acid, pirfenidone, lysine acetylsalicylate, selenium, quercetin, C-phycocyanin, bacosides, and vitamin C may be useful in the treatment against PQ toxicity. The main mechanisms involved in the protective effect of these antioxidants include the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation and the induction of antioxidant defenses. Interestingly, recent findings suggest that the induction of nuclear factor erythroid like-2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of the antioxidant response, by some of the above-mentioned antioxidants, has been involved in the protective effect against PQ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blanco-Ayala
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) , University City, D.F. , Mexico
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Janda E, Parafati M, Aprigliano S, Carresi C, Visalli V, Sacco I, Ventrice D, Mega T, Vadalá N, Rinaldi S, Musolino V, Palma E, Gratteri S, Rotiroti D, Mollace V. The antidote effect of quinone oxidoreductase 2 inhibitor against paraquat-induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 168:46-59. [PMID: 22289031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mechanisms of paraquat (PQ)-induced toxicity are poorly understood and PQ poisoning is often fatal due to a lack of effective antidotes. In this study we report the effects of N-[2-(2-methoxy-6H-dipyrido{2,3-a:3,2-e}pyrrolizin-11-yl)ethyl]-2-furamide (NMDPEF), a melatonin-related inhibitor of quinone oxidoreductase2 (QR2) on the toxicity of PQ in vitro & in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prevention of PQ-induced toxicity was tested in different cells, including primary pneumocytes and astroglial U373 cells. Cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analysed by flow cytometry and fluorescent probes. QR2 silencing was achieved by lentiviral shRNAs. PQ (30 mg·kg(-1)) and NMDPEF were administered i.p. to Wistar rats and animals were monitored for 28 days. PQ toxicity in the substantia nigra (SN) was tested by a localized microinfusion and electrocorticography. QR2 activity was measured by fluorimetry of N-benzyldihydronicotinamide oxidation. KEY RESULTS NMDPEF potently antagonized non-apoptotic PQ-induced cell death, ROS generation and inhibited cellular QR2 activity. In contrast, the cytoprotective effect of melatonin and apocynin was limited and transient compared with NMDPEF. Silencing of QR2 attenuated PQ-induced cell death and reduced the efficacy of NMDPEF. Significantly, NMDPEF (4.5 mg·kg(-1)) potently antagonized PQ-induced systemic toxicity and animal mortality. Microinfusion of NMDPEF into SN prevented severe behavioural and electrocortical effects of PQ which correlated with inhibition of malondialdehyde accumulation in cells and tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NMDPEF protected against PQ-induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a key role for QR2 in the regulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Janda
- Department of Health Sciences, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
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Long EK, Olson DM, Bernlohr DA. High-fat diet induces changes in adipose tissue trans-4-oxo-2-nonenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal levels in a depot-specific manner. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:390-8. [PMID: 23726997 PMCID: PMC3737572 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein carbonylation is the covalent modification of proteins by α,β-unsaturated aldehydes produced by nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The most widely studied aldehyde product of lipid peroxidation, trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), is associated with obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and has demonstrated reactivity toward key proteins involved in cellular function. However, 4-HNE is only one of many lipid peroxidation products and the lipid aldehyde profile in adipose tissue has not been characterized. To further understand the role of oxidative stress in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction, a novel LC-MS/MS method was developed to evaluate aldehyde products of lipid peroxidation and applied to the analysis of adipose tissue. 4-HNE and trans-4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) were the most abundant aldehydes present in adipose tissue. In high fat-fed C57Bl/6J and ob/ob mice the levels of lipid peroxidation products were increased 5- to 11-fold in epididymal adipose, unchanged in brown adipose, but decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Epididymal adipose tissue of high fat-fed mice also exhibited increased levels of proteins modified by 4-HNE and 4-ONE, whereas subcutaneous adipose tissue levels of these modifications were decreased. High fat feeding of C57Bl/6J mice resulted in decreased expression of a number of genes linked to antioxidant biology selectively in epididymal adipose tissue. Moreover, TNFα treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in decreased expression of GSTA4, GPx4, and Prdx3 while upregulating the expression of SOD2. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines selectively downregulate antioxidant gene expression in visceral adipose tissue, resulting in elevated lipid aldehydes and increased protein carbonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Dalay M. Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Graduate Program of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David A. Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A, Pickett C, Li S, Jones J, Chen H, Webb B, Choi J, Zhou Y, Zimmerman MC, Franco R. Compartmentalized oxidative stress in dopaminergic cell death induced by pesticides and complex I inhibitors: distinct roles of superoxide anion and superoxide dismutases. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:370-83. [PMID: 23602909 PMCID: PMC3883883 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by the parkinsonian toxins paraquat, rotenone, and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) is associated with oxidative stress. However, controversial reports exist regarding the source/compartmentalization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and its exact role in cell death. We aimed to determine in detail the role of superoxide anion (O2(•-)), oxidative stress, and their subcellular compartmentalization in dopaminergic cell death induced by parkinsonian toxins. Oxidative stress and ROS formation were determined in the cytosol, intermembrane (IMS), and mitochondrial matrix compartments, using dihydroethidine derivatives and the redox sensor roGFP, as well as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Paraquat induced an increase in ROS and oxidative stress in both the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix prior to cell death. MPP(+) and rotenone primarily induced an increase in ROS and oxidative stress in the mitochondrial matrix. No oxidative stress was detected at the level of the IMS. In contrast to previous studies, overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or copper/zinc SOD (CuZnSOD) had no effect on alterations in ROS steady-state levels, lipid peroxidation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and dopaminergic cell death induced by MPP(+) or rotenone. In contrast, paraquat-induced oxidative stress and cell death were selectively reduced by MnSOD overexpression, but not by CuZnSOD or manganese-porphyrins. However, MnSOD also failed to prevent ΔΨm loss. Finally, paraquat, but not MPP(+) or rotenone, induced the transcriptional activation of the redox-sensitive antioxidant response elements (ARE) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). These results demonstrate a selective role of mitochondrial O2(•-) in dopaminergic cell death induced by paraquat, and show that toxicity induced by the complex I inhibitors rotenone and MPP(+) does not depend directly on mitochondrial O2(•-) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Chillian Pickett
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Sumin Li
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Jocelyn Jones
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Brian Webb
- Thermo Scientific, Research and Development, Rockford, IL 61105, USA
| | - Jae Choi
- Thermo Scientific, Research and Development, Rockford, IL 61105, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA.
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50
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Realgar bioleaching solution suppress ras excessive activation by increasing ROS in Caenorhabditis elegans. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:390-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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