1
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Chen C, Wang L, Liu Y, Du S, Teng Q. Arsenic disulfide promoted the demethylation of PTPL1 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17363. [PMID: 38766487 PMCID: PMC11100478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Promoter hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor gene is one of the well-studied causes of cancer development. The drugs that reverse the process by driving demethylation could be a candidate for anticancer therapy. This study was designed to investigate the effects of arsenic disulfide on PTPL1 methylation in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods We knocked down the expression of PTPL1 in two DLBCL cell lines (i.e., DB and SU-DHL-4 cells) using siRNA. Then the DLBCL proliferation was determined in the presence of PTPL1 knockdown. The methylation of PTPL1 in DLBCL cells was analyzed by methylation specific PCR (MSPCR). The effect of arsenic disulfide on the PTPL1 methylation was determined in DLBCL cell lines in the presence of different concentrations of arsenic disulfide (5 µM, 10 µM and 20 µM), respectively. To investigate the potential mechanism on the arsenic disulfide-mediated methylation, the mRNA expression of DNMT1, DNMT3B and MBD2 was determined. Results PTPL1 functioned as a tumor suppressor gene in DLBCL cells, which was featured by the fact that PTPL1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of DLBCL cells. PTPL1 was found hypermethylated in DLBCL cells. Arsenic disulfide promoted the PTPL1 demethylation in a dose-dependent manner, which was related to the inhibition of DNMTs and the increase of MBD2. Conclusion Experimental evidence shows that PTPL1 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in DLBCL progression. PTPL1 hyper-methylation could be reversed by arsenic disulfide in a dose-dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
- Disulfides/pharmacology
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/metabolism
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shenghong Du
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Qingliang Teng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Radhakrishnan M, Packianathan C, Sankaran B, Kandavelu P, Rosen BP. Purification, Crystallization, and Preliminary Crystallographic Studies of Human As(III) S-Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase (hAS3MT). CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021; 66:1311-1315. [PMID: 35221644 PMCID: PMC8879404 DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental arsenic is associated with serious of health issues such as cancer, diabetes and developmental delays in infants and children. In human liver, As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyl transferase (hAS3MT) (EC 2.1.1.137) was proposed to be an detoxification process by methylation of inorganic arsenite into pentavalent methyl MAs(V) and dimethyl arsenite DMAs(V). More recently the first product was shown to be highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic trivalent methylarsenite (MAs(III)). Our studies are designed to elucidate the mechanism of AS3MT and its contribution to arsenic-related diseases. Here, we report the first crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the human AS3MT enzyme. The crystals belong to the monoclinic P1211 space group with unit cell parameters of a = 135.03 Å, b = 260.44 Å, c = 279.03 Å, α = 90.00°, β = 93.36°, γ = 90.00°.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL.33199 USA
| | - C. Packianathan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL.33199 USA, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX USA
| | - B. Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, BLDG 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - P. Kandavelu
- SER-CAT and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - B. P. Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL.33199 USA,
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3
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Byeon E, Kang HM, Yoon C, Lee JS. Toxicity mechanisms of arsenic compounds in aquatic organisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105901. [PMID: 34198209 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that is widely distributed in the environment due to its persistence and accumulative properties. The occurrence, distribution, and biological effects of arsenic in aquatic environments have been extensively studied. Acute and chronic toxicities to arsenic are associated with fatal effects at the individual and molecular levels. The toxicity of arsenic in aquatic organisms depends on its speciation and concentration. In aquatic environments, inorganic arsenic is the dominant form. While trivalent arsenicals have greater toxicity compared with pentavalent arsenicals, inorganic arsenic can assume a variety of forms through biotransformation in aquatic organisms. Biotransformation mechanisms and speciation of arsenic have been studied, but few reports have addressed the relationships among speciation, toxicity, and bioavailability in biological systems. This paper reviews the modes of action of arsenic along with its toxic effects and distribution in an attempt to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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4
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Rosner A, Armengaud J, Ballarin L, Barnay-Verdier S, Cima F, Coelho AV, Domart-Coulon I, Drobne D, Genevière AM, Jemec Kokalj A, Kotlarska E, Lyons DM, Mass T, Paz G, Pazdro K, Perić L, Ramšak A, Rakers S, Rinkevich B, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Cambier S. Stem cells of aquatic invertebrates as an advanced tool for assessing ecotoxicological impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144565. [PMID: 33736145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors are assessed through methods that quantify their impacts on a wide range of metrics including species density, growth rates, reproduction, behaviour and physiology, as on host-pathogen interactions and immunocompetence. Environmental stress may induce additional sublethal effects, like mutations and epigenetic signatures affecting offspring via germline mediated transgenerational inheritance, shaping phenotypic plasticity, increasing disease susceptibility, tissue pathologies, changes in social behaviour and biological invasions. The growing diversity of pollutants released into aquatic environments requires the development of a reliable, standardised and 3R (replacement, reduction and refinement of animals in research) compliant in vitro toolbox. The tools have to be in line with REACH regulation 1907/2006/EC, aiming to improve strategies for potential ecotoxicological risks assessment and monitoring of chemicals threatening human health and aquatic environments. Aquatic invertebrates' adult stem cells (ASCs) are numerous and can be pluripotent, as illustrated by high regeneration ability documented in many of these taxa. This is of further importance as in many aquatic invertebrate taxa, ASCs are able to differentiate into germ cells. Here we propose that ASCs from key aquatic invertebrates may be harnessed for applicable and standardised new tests in ecotoxicology. As part of this approach, a battery of modern techniques and endpoints are proposed to be tested for their ability to correctly identify environmental stresses posed by emerging contaminants in aquatic environments. Consequently, we briefly describe the current status of the available toxicity testing and biota-based monitoring strategies in aquatic environmental ecotoxicology and highlight some of the associated open issues such as replicability, consistency and reliability in the outcomes, for understanding and assessing the impacts of various chemicals on organisms and on the entire aquatic environment. Following this, we describe the benefits of aquatic invertebrate ASC-based tools for better addressing ecotoxicological questions, along with the current obstacles and possible overhaul approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice, F-06107 Nice, France.
| | - Francesca Cima
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Isabelle Domart-Coulon
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Microorganism Communication and Adaptation Molecules MCAM, Paris F-75005, France.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111,D, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anne-Marie Genevière
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Organisms, BIOM, F-6650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111,D, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ewa Kotlarska
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Daniel Mark Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Tali Mass
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, University of Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Guy Paz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lorena Perić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquaculture Organisms, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andreja Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | | | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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5
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Inesta-Vaquera F, Navasumrit P, Henderson CJ, Frangova TG, Honda T, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Ruchirawat M, Wolf CR. Application of the in vivo oxidative stress reporter Hmox1 as mechanistic biomarker of arsenic toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116053. [PMID: 33213951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a naturally occurring metalloid present in drinking water and polluted air exposing millions of people globally. Epidemiological studies have linked iAs exposure to the development of numerous diseases including cognitive impairment, cardiovascular failure and cancer. Despite intense research, an effective therapy for chronic arsenicosis has yet to be developed. Laboratory studies have been of great benefit in establishing the pathways involved in iAs toxicity and providing insights into its mechanism of action. However, the in vivo analysis of arsenic toxicity mechanisms has been difficult by the lack of reliable in vivo biomarkers of iAs's effects. To address this issue we have applied the use of our recently developed stress reporter models to study iAs toxicity. The reporter mice Hmox1 (oxidative stress/inflammation; HOTT) and p21 (DNA damage) were exposed to iAs at acute and chronic, environmentally relevant, doses. We observed induction of the oxidative stress reporters in several cell types and tissues, which was largely dependent on the activation of transcription factor NRF2. We propose that our HOTT reporter model can be used as a surrogate biomarker of iAs-induced oxidative stress, and it constitutes a first-in-class platform to develop treatments aimed to counteract the role of oxidative stress in arsenicosis. Indeed, in a proof of concept experiment, the HOTT reporter mice were able to predict the therapeutic utility of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine in the prevention of iAs associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Inesta-Vaquera
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tanya G Frangova
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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6
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Schmidt S. A Complex Relationship: Dietary Folate, Arsenic Metabolism, and Insulin Resistance in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:104002. [PMID: 31660753 PMCID: PMC6910776 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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7
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Hasegawa H, Papry RI, Ikeda E, Omori Y, Mashio AS, Maki T, Rahman MA. Freshwater phytoplankton: biotransformation of inorganic arsenic to methylarsenic and organoarsenic. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12074. [PMID: 31427705 PMCID: PMC6700110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biotransformation and detoxification mechanisms of arsenic (As) species have been active research topics because of their significance to environmental and human health. Biotransformation of As in phytoplankton has been extensively studied. However, how different growth phases of phytoplankton impact As biotransformation in them remains uncertain. This study investigated the biotransformation of As species in freshwater phytoplankton at different growth phases to ascertain at which growth phase different types of biotransformation occur. At the logarithmic growth phase, arsenate (AsV) (>90%) and arsenite (AsIII) (>80%) predominated in culture media when phytoplankton were exposed to 20 nmol L−1 and 1.0 µmol L−1 of AsV, respectively, and methylarsenic (methylAs) species were not detected in them at all. Intracellular As was mainly present in inorganic forms (iAs) at the logarithmic phase, while substantial amounts of organoarsenic (orgAs) species were detected at the stationary phase. At the stationary phase, AsV comprised the majority of the total As in culture media, followed by AsIII and methylAs, although the methylation of AsV occurred slowly at the stationary phase. Biotransformation of AsV into AsIII and As methylation inside phytoplankton cells occurred mainly at the logarithmic phase, while the biotransformation of As into complex orgAs compounds occurred at the stationary phase. Phytoplankton rapidly released iAs and methylAs species out of their cells at the logarithmic phase, while orgAs mostly remained inside their cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Rimana Islam Papry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Eri Ikeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Omori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asami S Mashio
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Teruya Maki
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - M Azizur Rahman
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Gippsland, Churchill, VIC, Australia. .,Centre for Environmental Sustainability, School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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8
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Gaulke CA, Rolshoven J, Wong CP, Hudson LG, Ho E, Sharpton TJ. Marginal Zinc Deficiency and Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Arsenic Elicit Combined Effects on the Gut Microbiome. mSphere 2018; 3:e00521-18. [PMID: 30518676 PMCID: PMC6282007 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00521-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research shows that dietary variation and toxicant exposure impact the gut microbiome, yielding effects on host physiology. However, prior work has mostly considered such exposure-microbiome interactions through the lens of single-factor exposures. In practice, humans exposed to toxicants vary in their dietary nutritional status, and this variation may impact subsequent exposure of the gut microbiome. For example, chronic arsenic exposure affects 200 million people globally and is often comorbid with zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency can enhance arsenic toxicity, but it remains unknown how zinc status impacts the gut microbiome's response to arsenic exposure and whether this response links to host toxicity. Using 16S amplicon sequencing, we examined the combinatorial effects of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic on the composition of the microbiome in C57BL/6 mice fed diets varying in zinc concentration. Arsenic exposure and marginal zinc deficiency independently altered microbiome diversity. When combined, their effects on microbiome community structure were amplified. Generalized linear models identified microbial taxa whose relative abundance in the gut was perturbed by zinc deficiency, arsenic, or their interaction. Further, we correlated taxonomic abundances with host DNA damage, adiponectin expression, and plasma zinc concentration to identify taxa that may mediate host physiological responses to arsenic exposure or zinc deficiency. Arsenic exposure and zinc restriction also result in increased DNA damage and decreased plasma zinc. These physiological changes are associated with the relative abundance of several gut taxa. These data indicate that marginal zinc deficiency sensitizes the microbiome to arsenic exposure and that the microbiome associates with some toxicological effects of arsenic.IMPORTANCE Xenobiotic compounds, such as arsenic, have the potential to alter the composition and functioning of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome may also interact with these compounds to mediate their impact on the host. However, little is known about how dietary variation may reshape how the microbiome responds to xenobiotic exposures or how these modified responses may in turn impact host physiology. Here, we investigated the combinatorial effects of marginal zinc deficiency and physiologically relevant concentrations of arsenic on the microbiome. Both zinc deficiency and arsenic exposure were individually associated with altered microbial diversity and when combined elicited synergistic effects. Microbial abundance also covaried with host physiological changes, indicating that the microbiome may contribute to or be influenced by these pathologies. Collectively, this work demonstrates that dietary zinc intake influences the sensitivity of the microbiome to subsequent arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Rolshoven
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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9
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Huang MC, Douillet C, Dover EN, Zhang C, Beck R, Tejan-Sie A, Krupenko SA, Stýblo M. Metabolic Phenotype of Wild-Type and As3mt-Knockout C57BL/6J Mice Exposed to Inorganic Arsenic: The Role of Dietary Fat and Folate Intake. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:127003. [PMID: 30675811 PMCID: PMC6371649 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a diabetogen. Interindividual differences in iAs metabolism have been linked to susceptibility to diabetes in iAs-exposed populations. Dietary folate intake has been shown to influence iAs metabolism, but to our knowledge its role in iAs-associated diabetes has not been studied. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess how folate intake, combined with low-fat (LFD) and high-fat diets (HFD), affects the metabolism and diabetogenic effects of iAs in wild-type (WT) mice and in As3mt-knockout (KO) mice that have limited capacity for iAs detoxification. METHODS Male and female WT and KO mice were exposed to 0 or [Formula: see text] iAs in drinking water. Mice were fed the LFD containing [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] folate for 24 weeks, followed by the HFD with the same folate levels for 13 weeks. Metabolic phenotype and iAs metabolism were examined before and after switching to the HFD. RESULTS iAs exposure had little effect on the phenotype of mice fed LFD regardless of folate intake. High folate intake stimulated iAs metabolism, but only in WT females. KO mice accumulated more fat than WT mice and were insulin resistant, with males more insulin resistant than females despite similar %fat mass. Feeding the HFD increased adiposity and insulin resistance in all mice. However, iAs-exposed male and female WT mice with low folate intake were more insulin resistant than unexposed controls. High folate intake alleviated insulin resistance in both sexes, but stimulated iAs metabolism only in female mice. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to [Formula: see text] iAs in drinking water resulted in insulin resistance in WT mice only when combined with a HFD and low folate intake. The protective effect of high folate intake may be independent of iAs metabolism, at least in male mice. KO mice were more prone to developing insulin resistance, possibly due to the accumulation of iAs in tissues. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3951.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn C Huang
- Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen N Dover
- Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chongben Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rowan Beck
- Curriculum of Genetics and Molecular Biology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmad Tejan-Sie
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sergey A Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Chen L, Wu H, Zhao J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Sun S, Yang D, Cheng B, Wang Q. The role of GST omega in metabolism and detoxification of arsenic in clam Ruditapes philippinarum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:9-18. [PMID: 30170209 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The major hazard of arsenic in living organisms is increasingly being recognized. Marine mollusks are apt to accumulate high levels of arsenic, but knowledge related to arsenic detoxification in marine mollusks is still less than sufficient. In this study, arsenic bioaccumulation as well as the role of glutathione S-transferase omega (GSTΩ) in the process of detoxification were investigated in the Ruditapes philippinarum clam after waterborne exposure to As(III) or As(V) for 30 days. The results showed that the gills accumulated significantly higher arsenic levels than the digestive glands. Arsenobetaine (AsB) and dimethylarsenate (DMA) accounted for most of the arsenic found, and monomethylarsonate (MMA) can be quickly metabolized. A subcellular distribution analysis showed that most arsenic was in biologically detoxified metal fractions (including metal-rich granules and metallothionein-like proteins), indicating their important roles in protecting cells from arsenic toxicity. The relative mRNA expressions of two genes encoding GSTΩ were up-regulated after arsenic exposure, and the transcriptional responses were more sensitive to As(III) than As(V). The recombinant GSTΩs exhibited high activities at optimal conditions, especially at 37 °C and pH 4-5, with an As(V) concentration of 60 mM. Furthermore, the genes encoding GSTΩ significantly enhance the arsenite tolerance but not the arsenate tolerance of E. coli AW3110 (DE3) (ΔarsRBC). It can be deduced from these results that GSTΩs play an important role in arsenic detoxification in R. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Aquatic Products Quality and Standards Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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11
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Mallick I, Bhattacharyya C, Mukherji S, Dey D, Sarkar SC, Mukhopadhyay UK, Ghosh A. Effective rhizoinoculation and biofilm formation by arsenic immobilizing halophilic plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from mangrove rhizosphere: A step towards arsenic rhizoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1239-1250. [PMID: 28851144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) uptake by plants is largely influenced by the presence of microbial consortia and their interactions with As. In the coastal region of Bengal deltaic plain of Eastern India, the As-contaminated groundwater is frequently used for irrigation purposes resulting in an elevated level of soil As in agricultural lands. The health hazards associated with As necessitates development of cost-effective remediation strategies to reclaim contaminated agricultural lands. Among the available technologies developed in recent times, bioremediation using bacteria has been found to be the most propitious. In this study, two As-resistant halophilic bacterial strains Kocuria flava AB402 and Bacillus vietnamensis AB403 were isolated, identified and characterized from mangrove rhizosphere of Sundarban. The isolates, AB402 and AB403, could tolerate 35mM and 20mM of arsenite, respectively. The effect of As on the exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis, biofilm formation, and root association was evaluated for both the bacterial strains. Arsenic adsorption on the cell surfaces and intracellular accumulation in both the bacterial strains were promising under culture conditions. Moreover, both the strains when used as inoculum, not only promoted the growth of rice seedlings but also decreased As uptake and accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Mallick
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shayantan Mukherji
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Dhritiman Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Li J, Pawitwar SS, Rosen BP. The organoarsenical biocycle and the primordial antibiotic methylarsenite. Metallomics 2017; 8:1047-1055. [PMID: 27730229 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is the most pervasive environmental toxic substance. As a consequence of its ubiquity, nearly every organism has genes for resistance to inorganic arsenic. In bacteria these genes are found largely in bacterial arsenic resistance (ars) operons. Recently a parallel pathway for synthesis and degradation of methylated arsenicals has been identified. The arsM gene product encodes the ArsM (AS3MT in animals) As(iii) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase that methylates inorganic trivalent arsenite in three sequential steps to methylarsenite MAs(iii), dimethylarsenite (DMAs(iii) and trimethylarsenite (TMAs(iii)). MAs(iii) is considerably more toxic than As(iii), and we have proposed that MAs(iii) was a primordial antibiotic. Under aerobic conditions these products are oxidized to nontoxic pentavalent arsenicals, so that methylation became a detoxifying pathway after the atmosphere became oxidizing. Other microbes have acquired the ability to regenerate MAs(v) by reduction, transforming it again into toxic MAs(iii). Under this environmental pressure, MAs(iii) resistances evolved, including the arsI, arsH and arsP genes. ArsI is a C-As bond lyase that demethylates MAs(iii) back to less toxic As(iii). ArsH re-oxidizes MAs(iii) to MAs(v). ArsP actively extrudes MAs(iii) from cells. These proteins confer resistance to this primitive antibiotic. This oscillation between MAs(iii) synthesis and detoxification is an essential component of the arsenic biogeocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Shashank S Pawitwar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199 USA
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13
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Luo J, Han X, Dou X, Zhang L, Yang S, Yang M. Accumulation of Arsenic Speciation and In Vivo Toxicity Following Oral Administration of a Chinese Patent Medicine Xiao-Er-Zhi-Bao-Wan in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:491. [PMID: 28790918 PMCID: PMC5524916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Realgar-containing traditional Chinese medicines such as Xiao-Er-Zhi-Bao-Wan (XEZBW), have been widely used for thousands of years. However, events associated with arsenic-induced ailments have increasingly become a public concern. To address the toxicity of XEZBW, we studied the histopathology and blood biochemistry of rats exposed to XEZBW using technology like high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled mass spectrometry to determine arsenic speciation. Our results demonstrated that dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) increased from 18.57 ± 7.45 to 22.74 ± 7.45 ng/g in rat kidney after oral administration for 7 and 14 days, which was 10-fold higher than the levels observed in controls. Trivalent arsenite As(III) showed a large increase on day 7 (26.99 ± 1.98 ng/g), followed by a slight decrease on day 14 (13.67 ± 6.48 ng/g). Total arsenic levels on day 7 (185.52 ± 24.56 ng/g) and day 14 (198.57 ± 26.26 ng/g) were nearly twofold higher than that in the control group (92.77 ± 14.98 ng/g). Histopathological analysis showed mild injury in the liver and kidney of rats subjected to oral administration of realgar for 14 days. As in the XEZBW groups, a mild injury in these organs was observed after administration for 14 days. This study inferred that the toxicity of arsenic was concentration- and time-dependent. The accumulation of DMA, a byproduct of choline metabolism, was responsible for inducing higher toxicity. Therefore, we concluded that measuring the levels of DMA, instead of total arsenic, might be more suitable for evaluating the toxicity of realgar-containing traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Xu Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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14
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Strain differences in arsenic-induced oxidative lesion via arsenic biomethylation between C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44424. [PMID: 28303940 PMCID: PMC5355880 DOI: 10.1038/srep44424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a common environmental and occupational toxicant with dramatic species differences in its susceptibility and metabolism. Mouse strain variability may provide a better understanding of the arsenic pathological profile but is largely unknown. Here we investigated oxidative lesion induced by acute arsenic exposure in the two frequently used mouse strains C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ in classical gene targeting technique. A dose of 5 mg/kg body weight arsenic led to a significant alteration of blood glutathione towards oxidized redox potential and increased hepatic malondialdehyde content in C57BL/6J mice, but not in 129X1/SvJ mice. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes were induced by arsenic in transcription in both strains and many were higher in C57BL/6J than 129X1/SvJ mice. Arsenic profiles in the liver, blood and urine and transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in arsenic biomethylation all indicate a higher arsenic methylation capacity, which contributes to a faster hepatic arsenic excretion, in 129X1/SvJ mice than C57BL/6J mice. Taken together, C57BL/6J mice are more susceptible to oxidative hepatic injury compared with 129X1/SvJ mice after acute arsenic exposure, which is closely associated with arsenic methylation pattern of the two strains.
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15
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Li H, Xu W, Dong L, Guo Y, Feng S, Bi K, Zhu C. Arsenic trioxide increases expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 gene and inhibits the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in Jurkat cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2050-2055. [PMID: 28565807 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the demethylation effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) gene and its ability to inhibit the Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT) pathway in Jurkat cells. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the CpG island methylation status of the SFRP1 gene in leukemia cell lines. In addition, the effects on Jurkat cells of treatment with different concentrations of As2O3 for 48 h were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to measure the expression of mRNAs, while western blot analysis was used to examine protein expression in cells. The SFRP1 gene was methylated in Jurkat cells. However, both methylated and unmethylated SFRP1 genes were detected in HL60 and K562 cells. In normal bone marrow mononuclear cells, the SFRP1 gene was unmethylated. Following treatment with As2O3 for 48 h, the SFRP1 gene was demethylated, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the SFRP1 gene were increased. By contrast, the mRNA and protein expression levels of β-catenin and cyclin Dl were downregulated. The protein expression of c-myc was also downregulated, but As2O3 exhibited no significant effect on the mRNA expression of c-myc. Abnormal methylation of the SFRP1 gene was detected in Jurkat cells. These results suggest that As2O3 activates SFRP1 gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels in Jurkat cells by demethylation of the SFRP1 gene. Furthermore, they indicate that As2O3 regulates WNT target genes and controls the growth of Jurkat cells through the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zunsong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Saran Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Kehong Bi
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Chuansheng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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16
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Wang D, Lin L, Li X, Sun GF. Effects of glutathione on the in vivo metabolism and oxidative stress of arsenic in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 40:577-83. [PMID: 26354374 DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the in vivo effects of exogenous glutathione and buthionine sulfoximine on arsenic methylation and antioxidant capacity in mice exposed to arsenic via drinking water. Thirty-six female albino mice were randomly divided into six groups. All groups were given free access to drinking water that contained arsenic continuously except the control group. After ten days, mice were treated with different levels of glutathione or buthionine sulfoximine. The levels of the metabolites of arsenic were determined in the liver and urine. The levels of glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were determined in the whole blood and liver. Our results showed that the increase of arsenic species in the liver as well as the decrease of blood and hepatic glutathione and total antioxidant capacity, were all relieved by exogenous glutathione consistently. We also observed the involvement of glutathione in promoting arsenic methylation and urinary elimination in vivo. Increase of total arsenic in the urine was mainly due to the increase of dimethylated arsenic. Furthermore, administration of glutathione increased the first methylation ratio and secondary methylation ratio in the liver and urine, which resulted in the consequent increase of dimethylated arsenic percent and decrease of inorganic arsenic percent in the urine. Opposite effects appeared with the administration of buthionine sulfoximine, a scavenger of glutathione. Our study indicated that exogenous glutathione not only accelerated the methylation and the excretion of arsenic, but also relieve the arsenic-induced oxidative stress. This provides a potential useful chemopreventive dietary component for human populations being at risk of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
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17
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Wang J, Wu M, Lu G, Si Y. Biotransformation and biomethylation of arsenic by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:329-335. [PMID: 26692509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to toxic arsenic was investigated by measuring the growth of the bacteria in the presence of As(III) and As(V) in different growth media. The bacteria were shown to biotransform arsenic through the partial methylation of inorganic arsenic into methylated metabolites. This biotransformation of inorganic arsenic by S. oneidensis MR-1 was affected by the methyl donor, the composition of the medium, and the presence of Fe(III). The relative content of methylated arsenic in the medium containing S-adenosyl methionine as the methyl donor was greater than that in the medium containing methylcobalamin. The biotransformation process driven by Fe-reducing bacteria, and occurred in combination with microbially mediated As-Fe reduction in the presence of Fe(III). The results demonstrate that S. oneidensis MR-1 methylates inorganic arsenic into less toxic organoarsenic compounds. This process has potential applications in the bioremediation of environmental arsenic, and the results provide new insights into the control of in situ arsenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingyin Wu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Gan Lu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Youbin Si
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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18
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Genomic potential for arsenic efflux and methylation varies among global Prochlorococcus populations. THE ISME JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26151644 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.85.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The globally significant picocyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the main primary producer in oligotrophic subtropical gyres. When phosphate concentrations are very low in the marine environment, the mol:mol availability of phosphate relative to the chemically similar arsenate molecule is reduced, potentially resulting in increased cellular arsenic exposure. To mediate accidental arsenate uptake, some Prochlorococcus isolates contain genes encoding a full or partial efflux detoxification pathway, consisting of an arsenate reductase (arsC), an arsenite-specific efflux pump (acr3) and an arsenic-related repressive regulator (arsR). This efflux pathway was the only previously known arsenic detox pathway in Prochlorococcus. We have identified an additional putative arsenic mediation strategy in Prochlorococcus driven by the enzyme arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (ArsM) which can convert inorganic arsenic into more innocuous organic forms and appears to be a more widespread mode of detoxification. We used a phylogenetically informed approach to identify Prochlorococcus linked arsenic genes from both pathways in the Global Ocean Sampling survey. The putative arsenic methylation pathway is nearly ubiquitously present in global Prochlorococcus populations. In contrast, the complete efflux pathway is only maintained in populations which experience extremely low PO4:AsO4, such as regions in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic. Thus, environmental exposure to arsenic appears to select for maintenance of the efflux detoxification pathway in Prochlorococcus. The differential distribution of these two pathways has implications for global arsenic cycling, as their associated end products, arsenite or organoarsenicals, have differing biochemical activities and residence times.
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19
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Saunders JK, Rocap G. Genomic potential for arsenic efflux and methylation varies among global Prochlorococcus populations. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 10:197-209. [PMID: 26151644 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The globally significant picocyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the main primary producer in oligotrophic subtropical gyres. When phosphate concentrations are very low in the marine environment, the mol:mol availability of phosphate relative to the chemically similar arsenate molecule is reduced, potentially resulting in increased cellular arsenic exposure. To mediate accidental arsenate uptake, some Prochlorococcus isolates contain genes encoding a full or partial efflux detoxification pathway, consisting of an arsenate reductase (arsC), an arsenite-specific efflux pump (acr3) and an arsenic-related repressive regulator (arsR). This efflux pathway was the only previously known arsenic detox pathway in Prochlorococcus. We have identified an additional putative arsenic mediation strategy in Prochlorococcus driven by the enzyme arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (ArsM) which can convert inorganic arsenic into more innocuous organic forms and appears to be a more widespread mode of detoxification. We used a phylogenetically informed approach to identify Prochlorococcus linked arsenic genes from both pathways in the Global Ocean Sampling survey. The putative arsenic methylation pathway is nearly ubiquitously present in global Prochlorococcus populations. In contrast, the complete efflux pathway is only maintained in populations which experience extremely low PO4:AsO4, such as regions in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic. Thus, environmental exposure to arsenic appears to select for maintenance of the efflux detoxification pathway in Prochlorococcus. The differential distribution of these two pathways has implications for global arsenic cycling, as their associated end products, arsenite or organoarsenicals, have differing biochemical activities and residence times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Rocap
- University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Wang S, Geng Z, Shi N, Li X, Wang Z. The functions of crucial cysteine residues in the arsenite methylation catalyzed by recombinant human arsenic (III) methyltransferase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110924. [PMID: 25349987 PMCID: PMC4211708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (III) methyltransferase (AS3MT) is a cysteine (Cys)-rich enzyme that catalyzes the biomethylation of arsenic. To investigate how these crucial Cys residues promote catalysis, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to analyze Cys residues in recombinant human arsenic (III) methyltransferase (hAS3MT). We detected two disulfide bonds, Cys250-Cys32 and Cys368-Cys369, in hAS3MT. The Cys250-Cys32 disulfide bond was reduced by glutathione (GSH) or other disulfide bond reductants before the enzymatic methylation of arsenite (iAs3+). In addition to exposing residues around the active sites, cleavage of the Cys250-Cys32 pair modulated the conformation of hAS3MT. This adjustment may stabilize the binding of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) and favor iAs3+ binding to hAS3MT. Additionally, we observed the intermediate of Cys250-S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), suggesting that Cys250 is involved in the transmethylation. In recovery experiments, we confirmed that trivalent arsenicals were substrates for hAS3MT, methylation of arsenic occurred on the enzyme, and an intramolecular disulfide bond might be formed after iAs3+ was methylated to dimethylarsinous acid (DMA3+). In this work, we clarified both the functional roles of GSH and the crucial Cys residues in iAs3+ methylation catalyzed by hAS3MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhirong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiangli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Inhibitory mechanism of dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS) in the cellular biomethylation of arsenic. Biochimie 2014; 106:167-74. [PMID: 25194983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS) has been approved for the treatment of arsenic poisoning through promoting arsenic excretion and modulating arsenic species. To clarify how DMPS regulates the excretion of arsenic species, we investigated the effects of DMPS on the biomethylation of arsenite (As(3+)) in HepG2 cells. In the experiments, we found that DMPS at low concentrations dramatically decreased the content of arsenic in HepG2 cells and inhibited the cellular methylation of As(3+). Three aspects, the expression of human arsenic (III) methyltransferase (hAS3MT), the accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the in vitro enzymatic methylation of arsenic, were considered to explain the reasons for the inhibition of DMPS in arsenic metabolism. The results suggested that DMPS competitively coordinated with As(3+) and monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(3+)) to inhibit the up-regulation of arsenic on the expression of hAS3MT and block arsenic involving in the enzymatic methylation. Moreover, DMPS eliminated arsenic-induced accumulation of ROS, which might contribute to the antidotal effects of DMPS on arsenic posing.
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22
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Duan X, Liu D, Xing X, Li J, Zhao S, Nie H, Zhang Y, Sun G, Li B. Tert-butylhydroquinone as a phenolic activator of Nrf2 antagonizes arsenic-induced oxidative cytotoxicity but promotes arsenic methylation and detoxication in human hepatocyte cell line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:294-302. [PMID: 24970285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in exerting a variety of damages upon arsenic exposure. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcriptional regulator protecting cells and tissues from oxidative injuries. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a well-known synthetic Nrf2 inducer, could protect human hepatocytes against arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries. Our results showed that 5 and 25 μmol/l tBHQ pretreatment suppressed the arsenic-induced hepatocellular cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and hepatic lipid peroxidation, while relieved the arsenic-induced disturbances of intracellular glutathione balance. In addition, we also observed that tBHQ treatment promoted the arsenic biomethylation process and upregulated Nrf2-regulated downstream heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinine oxidoreductase 1 mRNA expressions. Collectively, we suspected that Nrf2 signaling pathway may be involved in the protective effects of tBHQ against arsenic invasion in hepatocytes. These data suggest that phenolic Nrf2 inducers, such as tBHQ, represent novel therapeutic or dietary candidates for the population at high risk of arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
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23
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Si L, Jiang F, Li Y, Ye X, Mu J, Wang X, Ning S, Hu C, Li Z. Induction of the mesenchymal to epithelial transition by demethylation- activated microRNA-200c is involved in the anti-migration/invasion effects of arsenic trioxide on human breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:859-69. [PMID: 24729530 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Current standard practices for treatment of breast cancer are less than satisfactory because of high rates of metastasis. Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)), which induces demethylation of DNA and causes apoptosis, has been used as an anti-tumor agent. Little is known, however, regarding its anti-metastatic effects. The microRNA-200c (miR-200c), which is frequently lowly expressed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), inhibits metastasis by inducing the mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). Here, we report that As(2)O(3) attenuates the migratory and invasive capacities of breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and BT-549. Notably, As(2)O(3) induces an MET in vitro and in vivo, as determined by the increased expression of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin and decreased expressions of mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, As(2)O(3) up-regulates the expression of miR-200c through demethylation. Over-expression of miR-200c enhances the expression of E-cadherin and decreases the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin. Further, in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to As(2)O(3), knockdown of miR-200c blocks the As(2)O(3) -induced MET. Finally, in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells exposed to As(2)O(3), knockdown of miR-200c decreases the As(2)O(3) -induced inhibition of the migratory and invasive capacities. By identifying a mechanism whereby As(2)O(3) regulates miR-200c and MET, the results establish the anti-migration/invasion potential of arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Wang S, Li X, Song X, Geng Z, Hu X, Wang Z. Rapid equilibrium kinetic analysis of arsenite methylation catalyzed by recombinant human arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (hAS3MT). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38790-9. [PMID: 22955273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.368050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, arsenic is metabolized by methylation. Understanding this process is important and provides insight into the relationship between arsenic and its related diseases. We used the rapid equilibrium kinetic model to study the reaction sequence of arsenite methylation. The results suggest that the mechanism for arsenite methylation is a completely ordered mechanism that is also of general interest in reaction systems with different reductants, such as tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, cysteine, and glutathione. In the reaction, cysteine residues of recombinant human arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (hAS3MT) coordinate with arsenicals and involve the methyl transfer step. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) is the first-order reactant, which modulates the conformation of hAS3MT to a best matched state by hydrophobic interaction. As the second-order reactant, reductant reduces the disulfide bond, most likely between Cys-250 and another cysteine residue of hAS3MT, and exposes the active site cysteine residues for binding trivalent inorganic arsenic (iAs(3+)) to give monomethylarsonic dicysteine (MADC(3+)). In addition, the reaction can be extended to further methylate MADC(3+) to dimethylarsinic cysteine (DAMC(3+)). In the methylation reaction, the β-pleated sheet content of hAS3MT is increased, and the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment around the active sites is decreased. Similarly, we confirm that both the high β-pleated sheet content of hAS3MT and the high dissociation ability of the enzyme-AdoMet-reductant improve the yield of dimethylated arsenicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Wang
- State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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25
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Yokohira M, Arnold LL, Pennington KL, Suzuki S, Kakiuchi-Kiyota S, Herbin-Davis K, Thomas DJ, Cohen SM. Effect of sodium arsenite dose administered in the drinking water on the urinary bladder epithelium of female arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase knockout mice. Toxicol Sci 2011; 121:257-66. [PMID: 21385732 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) catalyzes reactions converting inorganic arsenic to methylated metabolites, some of which are highly cytotoxic. In a previous study, female As3mt knockout (KO) mice treated with diet containing 100 or 150 ppm arsenic as arsenite showed systemic toxicity and significant effects on the urothelium. In the present study, we showed that the cytotoxic and proliferative effects of arsenite administration on the urothelium are dose dependent. Female wild-type C57BL/6 mice and As3mt KO mice were divided into five groups (n = 7) with free access to drinking water containing 0, 1, 10, 25, or 50 ppm arsenic as arsenite for 4 weeks. At sacrifice, urinary bladders of both As3mt KO and wild-type mice showed hyperplasia by light microscopy; however, the hyperplasia was more severe in the As3mt KO mice. Intracytoplasmic granules were detected in the urothelium of As3mt KO and wild-type mice at arsenic doses ≥ 10 ppm but were more numerous, more extensive, and larger in the KO mice. A no effect level for urothelial effects was identified at 1 ppm arsenic in the wild-type and As3mt KO mice. In As3mt KO mice, livers showed mild acute inflammation and kidneys showed hydronephrosis. The present study shows a dose-response for the effects of orally administered arsenite on the bladder urothelium of wild-type and As3mt KO mice, with greater effects in the KO strain but with a no effect level of 1 ppm for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Yokohira
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, USA
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Drobna Z, Naranmandura H, Kubachka KM, Edwards BC, Herbin-Davis K, Styblo M, Le XC, Creed JT, Maeda N, Hughes MF, Thomas DJ. Disruption of the arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase gene in the mouse alters the phenotype for methylation of arsenic and affects distribution and retention of orally administered arsenate. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 22:1713-20. [PMID: 19691357 DOI: 10.1021/tx900179r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3mt) gene encodes a 43 kDa protein that catalyzes methylation of inorganic arsenic. Altered expression of AS3MT in cultured human cells controls arsenic methylation phenotypes, suggesting a critical role in arsenic metabolism. Because methylated arsenicals mediate some toxic or carcinogenic effects linked to inorganic arsenic exposure, studies of the fate and effects of arsenicals in mice which cannot methylate arsenic could be instructive. This study compared retention and distribution of arsenic in As3mt knockout mice and in wild-type C57BL/6 mice in which expression of the As3mt gene is normal. Male and female mice of either genotype received an oral dose of 0.5 mg of arsenic as arsenate per kg containing [(73)As]-arsenate. Mice were radioassayed for up to 96 h after dosing; tissues were collected at 2 and 24 h after dosing. At 2 and 24 h after dosing, livers of As3mt knockouts contained a greater proportion of inorganic and monomethylated arsenic than did livers of C57BL/6 mice. A similar predominance of inorganic and monomethylated arsenic was found in the urine of As3mt knockouts. At 24 h after dosing, As3mt knockouts retained significantly higher percentages of arsenic dose in liver, kidneys, urinary bladder, lungs, heart, and carcass than did C57BL/6 mice. Whole body clearance of [(73)As] in As3mt knockouts was substantially slower than in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 h after dosing, As3mt knockouts retained about 50% and C57BL/6 mice about 6% of the dose. After 96 h, As3mt knockouts retained about 20% and C57BL/6 mice retained less than 2% of the dose. These data confirm a central role for As3mt in the metabolism of inorganic arsenic and indicate that phenotypes for arsenic retention and distribution are markedly affected by the null genotype for arsenic methylation, indicating a close linkage between the metabolism and retention of arsenicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Drobna
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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