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Jennings P, Carta G, Singh P, da Costa Pereira D, Feher A, Dinnyes A, Exner TE, Wilmes A. Capturing time-dependent activation of genes and stress-response pathways using transcriptomics in iPSC-derived renal proximal tubule cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1773-1793. [PMID: 36586010 PMCID: PMC10425493 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis is a powerful method in the utilization of New Approach Methods (NAMs) for identifying mechanisms of toxicity and application to hazard characterization. With this regard, mapping toxicological events to time of exposure would be helpful to characterize early events. Here, we investigated time-dependent changes in gene expression levels in iPSC-derived renal proximal tubular-like cells (PTL) treated with five diverse compounds using TempO-Seq transcriptomics with the aims to evaluate the application of PTL for toxicity prediction and to report on temporal effects for the activation of cellular stress response pathways. PTL were treated with either 50 μM amiodarone, 10 μM sodium arsenate, 5 nM rotenone, or 300 nM tunicamycin over a temporal time course between 1 and 24 h. The TGFβ-type I receptor kinase inhibitor GW788388 (1 μM) was used as a negative control. Pathway analysis revealed the induction of key stress-response pathways, including Nrf2 oxidative stress response, unfolding protein response, and metal stress response. Early response genes per pathway were identified much earlier than 24 h and included HMOX1, ATF3, DDIT3, and several MT1 isotypes. GW788388 did not induce any genes within the stress response pathways above, but showed deregulation of genes involved in TGFβ inhibition, including downregulation of CYP24A1 and SERPINE1 and upregulation of WT1. This study highlights the application of iPSC-derived renal cells for prediction of cellular toxicity and sheds new light on the temporal and early effects of key genes that are involved in cellular stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pranika Singh
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel da Costa Pereira
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Feher
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd, Aulich Lajos Street 26, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Stem Cell Research Group, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Szeged, 6723, Hungary
| | - Thomas E Exner
- Seven Past Nine d.o.o., Hribljane 10, 1380, Cerknica, Slovenia
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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D'Addabbo P, Frezza D, Sulentic CE. Evolutive emergence and divergence of an Ig regulatory node: An environmental sensor getting cues from the aryl hydrocarbon receptor? Front Immunol 2023; 14:996119. [PMID: 36817426 PMCID: PMC9936319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.996119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One gene, the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene, is responsible for the expression of all the different antibody isotypes. Transcriptional regulation of the IgH gene is complex and involves several regulatory elements including a large element at the 3' end of the IgH gene locus (3'RR). Animal models have demonstrated an essential role of the 3'RR in the ability of B cells to express high affinity antibodies and to express different antibody classes. Additionally, environmental chemicals such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands modulate mouse 3'RR activity that mirrors the effects of these chemicals on antibody production and immunocompetence in mouse models. Although first discovered as a mediator of the toxicity induced by the high affinity ligand 2,3,7,8-tetracholordibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), understanding of the AhR has expanded to a physiological role in preserving homeostasis and maintaining immunocompetence. We posit that the AhR also plays a role in human antibody production and that the 3'RR is not only an IgH regulatory node but also an environmental sensor receiving signals through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, including the AhR. This review will 1) highlight the emerging role of the AhR as a key transducer between environmental signals and altered immune function; 2) examine the current state of knowledge regarding IgH gene regulation and the role of the AhR in modulation of Ig production; 3) describe the evolution of the IgH gene that resulted in species and population differences; and 4) explore the evidence supporting the environmental sensing capacity of the 3'RR and the AhR as a transducer of these cues. This review will also underscore the need for studies focused on human models due to the premise that understanding genetic differences in the human population and the signaling pathways that converge at the 3'RR will provide valuable insight into individual sensitivities to environmental factors and antibody-mediated disease conditions, including emerging infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro D'Addabbo
- Department of Biology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Frezza
- Department of Biology E. Calef, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Courtney E.W. Sulentic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
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3
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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4
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Orlowska K, Fling RR, Nault R, Sink WJ, Schilmiller AL, Zacharewski T. Dioxin-elicited decrease in cobalamin redirects propionyl-CoA metabolism to the β-oxidation-like pathway resulting in acrylyl-CoA conjugate buildup. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102301. [PMID: 35931118 PMCID: PMC9418907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant that induces diverse biological and toxic effects, including reprogramming intermediate metabolism, mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. However, the specific reprogramming effects of TCDD are unclear. Here, we performed targeted LC-MS analysis of hepatic extracts from mice gavaged with TCDD. We detected an increase in S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, a conjugate from the spontaneous reaction between the cysteine sulfhydryl group and highly reactive acrylyl-CoA, an intermediate in the cobalamin (Cbl)-independent β-oxidation-like metabolism of propionyl-CoA. TCDD repressed genes in both the canonical Cbl-dependent carboxylase and the alternate Cbl-independent β-oxidation-like pathways as well as inhibited methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) at lower doses. Moreover, TCDD decreased serum Cbl levels and hepatic cobalt levels while eliciting negligible effects on gene expression associated with Cbl absorption, transport, trafficking, or derivatization to 5'-deoxy-adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), the required MUT cofactor. Additionally, TCDD induced the gene encoding aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1), the enzyme responsible for decarboxylation of cis-aconitate to itaconate, and dose-dependently increased itaconate levels in hepatic extracts. Our results indicate MUT inhibition is consistent with itaconate activation to itaconyl-CoA, a MUT suicide inactivator that forms an adduct with adenosylcobalamin. This adduct in turn inhibits MUT activity and reduces Cbl levels. Collectively, these results suggest the decrease in MUT activity is due to Cbl depletion following TCDD treatment, which redirects propionyl-CoA metabolism to the alternate Cbl-independent β-oxidation-like pathway. The resulting hepatic accumulation of acrylyl-CoA likely contributes to TCDD-elicited hepatotoxicity and the multihit progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Orlowska
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Russ R. Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan Sptate University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Warren J. Sink
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony L. Schilmiller
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tim Zacharewski
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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5
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Yan L, Messner CJ, Tian M, Gou X, Suter-Dick L, Zhang X. Evaluation of dioxin induced transcriptomic responses in a 3D human liver microtissue model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112906. [PMID: 35181307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional human liver microtissue model provides a promising method for predicting the human hepatotoxicity of environmental chemicals. However, the dynamics of transcriptional responses of 3D human liver microtissue model to dioxins exposure remain unclear. Herein, time-series transcriptomic analysis was used to characterize modulation of gene expression over 14 days in 3D human liver microtissues exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 31 nM, 10 ng/ml). Changes in gene expression and modulation of biological pathways were evaluated at several time points. The results showed that microtissues stably expressed genes related to toxicological pathways (e.g. highly of genes involved in external stimuli and maintenance of cell homeostasis pathways) during the 14-day culture period. Furthermore, a weekly phenomenon pattern was observed for the number of the differentially expressed genes in microtissues exposed to TCDD at each time point. TCDD led to an induction of genes involved in cell cycle regulation at day three. Metabolic pathways were the main significantly induced pathways during the subsequent days, with the immune/inflammatory response enriched on the fifth day, and the cellular response to DNA damage was identified at the end of the exposure. Finally, relevant transcription patterns identified in microtissues were compared with published data on rodent and human cell-line studies to elucidate potential species-specific responses to TCDD over time. Cell development and cytochrome P450 pathway were mainly affected after a 3-day exposure, with the DNA damage response identified at the end of exposure in the human microtissue system but not in mouse/rat primary hepatocytes models. Overall, the 3D human liver microtissue model is a valuable tool to predict the toxic effects of environmental chemicals with a relatively long exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Catherine Jane Messner
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Mingming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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6
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Xu X, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Fares HM, Yang M, Wen Q, Taha R, Sun L. Species-Specific Differences in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Responses: How and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413293. [PMID: 34948089 PMCID: PMC8708342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that regulates a wide range of biological and toxicological effects by binding to specific ligands. AhR ligands exist in various internal and external ecological systems, such as in a wide variety of hydrophobic environmental contaminants and naturally occurring chemicals. Most of these ligands have shown differential responses among different species. Understanding the differences and their mechanisms helps in designing better experimental animal models, improves our understanding of the environmental toxicants related to AhR, and helps to screen and develop new drugs. This review systematically discusses the species differences in AhR activation effects and their modes of action. We focus on the species differences following AhR activation from two aspects: (1) the molecular configuration and activation of AhR and (2) the contrast of cis-acting elements corresponding to AhR. The variations in the responses seen in humans and other species following the activation of the AhR signaling pathway can be attributed to both factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Yuzhu Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Yongrui Zhao
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Hamza M. Fares
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Mengjiao Yang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Qing Wen
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Reham Taha
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.M.F.); (M.Y.); (Q.W.); (R.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-9599-9925
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7
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Fernández-Gallego N, Sánchez-Madrid F, Cibrian D. Role of AHR Ligands in Skin Homeostasis and Cutaneous Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113176. [PMID: 34831399 PMCID: PMC8622815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of skin barrier function. It also controls immune-mediated skin responses. The AHR modulates various physiological functions by acting as a sensor that mediates environment–cell interactions, particularly during immune and inflammatory responses. Diverse experimental systems have been used to assess the AHR’s role in skin inflammation, including in vitro assays of keratinocyte stimulation and murine models of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Similar approaches have addressed the role of AHR ligands, e.g., TCDD, FICZ, and microbiota-derived metabolites, in skin homeostasis and pathology. Tapinarof is a novel AHR-modulating agent that inhibits skin inflammation and enhances skin barrier function. The topical application of tapinarof is being evaluated in clinical trials to treat psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In the present review, we summarize the effects of natural and synthetic AHR ligands in keratinocytes and inflammatory cells, and their relevance in normal skin homeostasis and cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Fernández-Gallego
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.S.-M.); (D.C.)
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.S.-M.); (D.C.)
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8
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Cholico GN, Fling RR, Zacharewski NA, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski TR. Thioesterase induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin results in a futile cycle that inhibits hepatic β-oxidation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15689. [PMID: 34344994 PMCID: PMC8333094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental contaminant, induces steatosis by increasing hepatic uptake of dietary and mobilized peripheral fats, inhibiting lipoprotein export, and repressing β-oxidation. In this study, the mechanism of β-oxidation inhibition was investigated by testing the hypothesis that TCDD dose-dependently repressed straight-chain fatty acid oxidation gene expression in mice following oral gavage every 4 days for 28 days. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic acyl-CoA levels, while octenoyl-CoA and dicarboxylic acid levels increased. TCDD also dose-dependently repressed the hepatic gene expression associated with triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester hydrolysis, fatty acid binding proteins, fatty acid activation, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolysis while inducing acyl-CoA hydrolysis. Moreover, octenoyl-CoA blocked the hydration of crotonyl-CoA suggesting short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) activity was inhibited. Collectively, the integration of metabolomics and RNA-seq data suggested TCDD induced a futile cycle of fatty acid activation and acyl-CoA hydrolysis resulting in incomplete β-oxidation, and the accumulation octenoyl-CoA levels that inhibited the activity of short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovan N Cholico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Russell R Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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9
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Aarts JMMJG, Alink GM, Franssen HJ, Roebroeks W. Evolution of Hominin Detoxification: Neanderthal and Modern Human Ah Receptor Respond Similarly to TCDD. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1292-1305. [PMID: 33230523 PMCID: PMC8042735 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of hominin adaptations to fire use, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the evolution of detoxification has been highlighted, including statements that the modern human AHR confers a significantly better capacity to deal with toxic smoke components than the Neanderthal AHR. To evaluate this, we compared the AHR-controlled induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA in HeLa human cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma cells transfected with an Altai-Neanderthal or a modern human reference AHR expression construct, and exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We compared the complete AHR mRNA sequences including the untranslated regions (UTRs), maintaining the original codon usage. We observe no significant difference in CYP1A1 induction by TCDD between Neanderthal and modern human AHR, whereas a 150–1,000 times difference was previously reported in a study of the AHR coding region optimized for mammalian codon usage and expressed in rat cells. Our study exemplifies that expression in a homologous cellular background is of major importance to determine (ancient) protein activity. The Neanderthal and modern human dose–response curves almost coincide, except for a slightly higher extrapolated maximum for the Neanderthal AHR, possibly caused by a 5′-UTR G-variant known from modern humans (rs7796976). Our results are strongly at odds with a major role of the modern human AHR in the evolution of hominin detoxification of smoke components and consistent with our previous study based on 18 relevant genes in addition to AHR, which concluded that efficient detoxification alleles are more dominant in ancient hominins, chimpanzees, and gorillas than in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac M M J G Aarts
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit M Alink
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Franssen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wil Roebroeks
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Olivero-Verbel J, Harkema JR, Roth RA, Ganey PE. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist, blocks steatosis and alters the inflammatory response in a mouse model of inflammation-dioxin interaction. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109521. [PMID: 34052195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin; TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that elicits a variety of toxic effects, many of which are mediated through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Interaction between AhR and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), which regulates fatty acid metabolism, has been suggested. Furthermore, with recognition of the prevalence of inflammatory conditions, there is current interest in the potential for inflammatory stress to modulate the response to environmental agents. The aim of this work was to assess the interaction of TCDD with hepatic inflammation modulated by fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist. Female, C57BL/6 mice were treated orally with vehicle or fenofibrate (250 mg/kg) for 13 days, and then were given vehicle or 30 μg/kg TCDD. Four days later, the animals received an i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide-galactosamine (LPS-GalN) (0.05x107 EU/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively) to incite inflammation, or saline as vehicle control. After 4 h, the mice were euthanized, and blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. Livers of animals treated with TCDD with or without LPS-GalN had increased lipid deposition, and this effect was blocked by fenofibrate. In TCDD/LPS-GalN-treated mice, fenofibrate caused an increase in plasma activity of alanine aminotransferase, a marker of hepatocellular injury. TCDD reduced LPS-GalN-induced apoptosis, an effect that was prevented by fenofibrate pretreatment. LPS-GalN induced an increase in the concentration of interleukin-6 in plasma and accumulation of neutrophils in liver. TCDD exposure enhanced the former response and inhibited the latter one. These results suggest that fenofibrate counteracts the changes in lipid metabolism induced by TCDD but increases inflammation and liver injury in this model of inflammation-TCDD interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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11
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Williams AE, Watt J, Robertson LW, Gadupudi G, Osborn ML, Soares MJ, Iqbal K, Pedersen KB, Shankar K, Littleton S, Maimone C, Eti NA, Suva LJ, Ronis MJJ. Skeletal Toxicity of Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener 126 in the Rat Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dependent. Toxicol Sci 2020; 175:113-125. [PMID: 32119087 PMCID: PMC7197949 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to skeletal toxicity, however mechanisms whereby PCBs affect bone are poorly studied. In this study, coplanar PCB 126 (5 μmol/kg) or corn oil vehicle was administered to N = 5 and 6 male and female, wild type (WT) or AhR -/- rats via intraperitoneal injection. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Bone length was measured; bone morphology was assessed by microcomputed tomography and dynamic histomorphometry. Reduced bone length was the only genotype-specific effect and only observed in males (p < .05). WT rats exposed to PCB 126 had reduced serum calcium, and smaller bones with reduced tibial length, cortical area, and medullary area relative to vehicle controls (p < .05). Reduced bone formation rate observed in dynamic histomorphometry was consistent with inhibition of endosteal and periosteal bone growth. The effects of PCB 126 were abolished in AhR -/- rats. Gene expression in bone marrow and shaft were assessed by RNA sequencing. Approximately 75% of the PCB-regulated genes appeared AhR dependent with 89 genes significantly (p < .05) regulated by both PCB 126 and knockout of the AhR gene. Novel targets significantly induced by PCB 126 included Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf/Ccn2), which regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in the bone growth plate and cell-matrix interactions. These data suggest the toxic effects of PCB 126 on bone are mediated by AhR, which has direct effects on the growth plate and indirect actions related to endocrine disruption. These studies clarify important mechanisms underlying skeletal toxicity of dioxin-like PCBs and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gopi Gadupudi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michele L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael J Soares
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kim B Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shana Littleton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Cole Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Nazmin A Eti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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12
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PD-1 Imposes Qualitative Control of Cellular Transcriptomes in Response to T Cell Activation. Mol Cell 2020; 77:937-950.e6. [PMID: 31926851 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), an immune-checkpoint receptor that inhibits T cell activation, provides clinical benefits in various cancers. However, how PD-1 modulates gene expression in T cells remains enigmatic. Here we investigated how PD-1 affects transcriptome changes induced by T cell receptor (TCR) activation. Intriguingly, we identified a huge variance in PD-1 sensitivity among TCR-inducible genes. When we quantified the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) as the relationship between change in gene expression and TCR signal strength, we found that genes associated with survival and proliferation were efficiently expressed upon TCR activation and resistant to PD-1-mediated inhibition. Conversely, genes encoding cytokines and effector molecules were expressed less efficiently and sensitive to PD-1-mediated inhibition. We further demonstrated that transcription factor binding motifs and CpG frequency in the promoter region affect EC50 and thus the PD-1 sensitivity of genes. Our findings explain how PD-1, dependent on the TCR signal strength, calibrates cellular transcriptomes to shape functional properties of T cell populations.
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13
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Ronis MJ, Watt J, Pulliam CF, Williams AE, Alund AW, Haque E, Gadupudi GS, Robertson LW. Skeletal toxicity resulting from exposure of growing male rats to coplanar PCB 126 is associated with disruption of calcium homeostasis and the GH-IGF-1 axis and direct effects on bone formation. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:389-399. [PMID: 31820026 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal toxicity has been reported following exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures. However, molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We exposed groups of male 4-5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats to 3,3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), a dioxin-like coplanar PCB congener by a single i.p. injection of 5 µmol/kg in soy oil vehicle or vehicle alone. After 4 weeks, rats were euthanized. PCB exposure resulted in hypocalcemia (P < 0.05) and significant increases in serum PTH without changes in serum phosphorous. Hyperparathyroidism was accompanied by increased expression of mRNAs of vitamin D3 metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24 in the kidney (P < 0.05). PCB exposure also reduced body weight, serum IGF-1, and hepatic expression of mRNAs encoding the male-specific GH-pattern-regulated CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 relative to controls (P < 0.05). PCB exposure reduced long bone length, diameter, and surface area, but increased trabecular thickness and volume (P < 0.05). Serum osteocalcin (P < 0.05), a marker and a regulator of bone formation, was reduced, but PCB exposure had no effect on the bone resorption marker RatLaps. Exposure of human intestinal Caco-2 cells to 10-100 nM PCB 126 in the presence of vitamin D3 resulted in inhibition of mRNAs for the calcium transporters TRPV6 and PMCA1b (P < 0.05). In addition, PCB 126 suppressed osteoblastogenesis in primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell cultures which was blunted by the AhR antagonist CH-223191. These data provide novel evidence that skeletal toxicity after exposure to PCB 126 is a result of disruption of calcium homeostasis and the GH-IGF-1 axis, and involves direct AhR-mediated effects on bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Casey F Pulliam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashlee E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, 1901 Perdido Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alexander W Alund
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ezazul Haque
- IDGP in Human Toxicology and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gopi S Gadupudi
- IDGP in Human Toxicology and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Larry W Robertson
- IDGP in Human Toxicology and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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14
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Rawls KD, Blais EM, Dougherty BV, Vinnakota KC, Pannala VR, Wallqvist A, Kolling GL, Papin JA. Genome-Scale Characterization of Toxicity-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Primary Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:279-291. [PMID: 31501904 PMCID: PMC6876259 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Context-specific GEnome-scale metabolic Network REconstructions (GENREs) provide a means to understand cellular metabolism at a deeper level of physiological detail. Here, we use transcriptomics data from chemically-exposed rat hepatocytes to constrain a GENRE of rat hepatocyte metabolism and predict biomarkers of liver toxicity using the Transcriptionally Inferred Metabolic Biomarker Response algorithm. We profiled alterations in cellular hepatocyte metabolism following in vitro exposure to four toxicants (acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, and trichloroethylene) for six hour. TIMBR predictions were compared with paired fresh and spent media metabolomics data from the same exposure conditions. Agreement between computational model predictions and experimental data led to the identification of specific metabolites and thus metabolic pathways associated with toxicant exposure. Here, we identified changes in the TCA metabolites citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate along with changes in carbohydrate metabolism and interruptions in ATP production and the TCA Cycle. Where predictions and experimental data disagreed, we identified testable hypotheses to reconcile differences between the model predictions and experimental data. The presented pipeline for using paired transcriptomics and metabolomics data provides a framework for interrogating multiple omics datasets to generate mechanistic insight of metabolic changes associated with toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher D Rawls
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Edik M Blais
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Bonnie V Dougherty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Kalyan C Vinnakota
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland 20817
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Venkat R Pannala
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland 20817
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Glynis L Kolling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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15
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Zhang Z, Liu W, Hu J, Qu Y, Zhao J, Pan Y, Zhang X, Quan X. Surface water extracts impair gene profiles and differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:104823. [PMID: 31445443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low concentrations of pollutants in surface water challenge the assessment of chronic effects on human health. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were employed as a sensitive and relevant in vitro model to evaluate the potential biological effects caused by mixtures of pollutants in surface water. Organic extracts of surface water collected from Hun River inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Surface water extracts at noncytotoxic concentrations induced 533 to 1055 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hBMSCs after 48 h of exposure. Total of 370 genes were commonly affected by surface water from different sites and accounted for 35-69% of DEGs impaired by individual sample. Pathways related to human diseases, genetic information processing and organismal systems were enriched based on DEGs. Interleukins (IL1B, IL6 and IL8) were affected and involved in most human diseases related pathways. The significantly downregulation of COL1A1 and the variation of rheumatoid arthritis pathway suggested that surface water potentially inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Clustering analysis and principle component analysis with DEGs distinguish the surface water from tributary and mainstream. The crossing-species comparison of transcriptomic changes identified 923 and 2715 differentially expressed orthologs in hBMSCs and zebrafish, respectively. After the exposure ceased, the followed osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in hBMSCs for 14 days were inhibited by the treatment of surface water during undifferentiated period, whereas the non-polar fraction exhibited stronger potency in affecting differentiation than the mid to polar fractions. hBMSCs, combining unsupervised transcriptomic technique and specific endpoints test, are promising in screening the health effects of environmental mixtures in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junxiang Hu
- Liaoning Environmental Monitoring Experiment Center, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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16
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Leblanc AF, Attignon EA, Distel E, Karakitsios SP, Sarigiannis DA, Bortoli S, Barouki R, Coumoul X, Aggerbeck M, Blanc EB. A dual mixture of persistent organic pollutants modifies carbohydrate metabolism in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108628. [PMID: 31520823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals as well as entire ecosystems are exposed to mixtures of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Previously, we showed, by a non-targeted approach, that the expression of several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism was almost completely inhibited in the human hepatic cell line HepaRG following exposure to a mixture of the organochlorine insecticide alpha-endosulfan and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. In this European HEALS project, which studies the effects of the exposome on human health, we used a Physiologically Based BioKinetic model to compare the concentrations previously used in vitro with in vivo exposures for humans. We investigated the effects of these POPs on the levels of proteins, on glycogen content, glucose production and the oxidation of glucose into CO2 and correlated them to the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism as measured by RT-qPCR. Exposure to individual POPs and the mixture decreased the expression of the proteins investigated as well as glucose output (up to 82%), glucose oxidation (up to 29%) and glycogen content (up to 48%). siRNAs that specifically inhibit the expression of several xenobiotic receptors were used to assess receptor involvement in the effects of the POPs. In the HepaRG model, we demonstrate that the effects are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the estrogen receptor alpha, but not the pregnane X receptor or the constitutive androstane receptor. These results provide evidence that exposure to combinations of POPs, acting through different signaling pathways, may affect, more profoundly than single pollutants alone, metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate/energy metabolism and play a potential role in pollutant associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix F Leblanc
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Eléonore A Attignon
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Emilie Distel
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Spyros P Karakitsios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimosthenis A Sarigiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Environmental Health Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sylvie Bortoli
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Etienne B Blanc
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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17
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Yang X, Ku T, Sun Z, Liu QS, Yin N, Zhou Q, Faiola F, Liao C, Jiang G. Assessment of the carcinogenic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin using mouse embryonic stem cells to form teratoma in vivo. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:139-147. [PMID: 31082521 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the most toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has gained lots of concerns, due to its diverse deleterious effects. However, the knowledge on carcinogenic risk of TCDD during early stage of development remains scarce. The in vivo teratoma formation model based on the transplantation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in immunodeficient mice is appealing for studying pluripotency and tumorigenicity in developmental biology, and also shows promise in environmental toxicology, especially in carcinogenesis researches. In this study, the malignant transformation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) pretreated with TCDD was investigated during their in vivo differentiation using teratoma formation model. Based on characterization of the pluripotency and differentiation capabilities of mESCs, evil changes in teratomas derived from TCDD-exposed mESCs were systematically studied. The results showed that TCDD significantly up-regulated CYP1A1 transcriptional levels in mESCs, elevated the incidence of malignant change in mESC-derived teratomas, and caused indefinite proliferation capabilities in sequential cultures of tumor tissues. The findings suggested that TCDD could exert carcinogenic effect on mESCs during their differentiation into teratoma in vivo, and more attention should be paid to the adverse health effects of this chemical during gestation or early developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Goud ESK, Pandey M, Singh C, Vedamurthy GV, Singh D, Onteru SK. Effect of Dioxins in Milk on the 3D Cultured Primary Buffalo Hepatocyte Model System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8007-8019. [PMID: 31268702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cow and human milk have been reported to contain dioxins ranging from 0.023 to 26.46 and 0.88 to 19 pg/g of fat, respectively. However, the toxic effects of the dioxins in the milk in this range of concentrations were not explored. Therefore, considering the outbred livestock tissues as better models than inbred laboratory animals, the present study targeted to study the effect of dioxins present in the milk on three-dimensionally (3D) cultured buffalo primary hepatocyte spheroids. The spheroids were treated with a model dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), directly and also through milk fat at different concentrations (i.e, 0.02-20 pg/mL) for 24 h. Among the liver-cell-specific (ALB, HNF4α, and AFP) genes, a similar ALB and upregulated HNF4α expression at all treatments indicated the functional and transcriptionally active hepatocyte spheroids. Supportingly, no significant difference in the antiapoptotic gene expression between the treatments of milk fat and milk fat containing dioxins indicated the survivability of the spheroids during dioxin treatments. Among the selected TCDD responsive (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, AHR, CYP1B1, and TIPARP) genes, a nonsignificant increasing trend of the CYP1A1 expression was observed from 0.2 to 10 pg/mL of TCDD concentration through milk fat. This pattern was similar to the reported insensitive response of human primary hepatocytes toward dioxins than that of rat primary hepatocytes. This may indicate that the buffalo hepatocyte spheroids could be better models than rats for TCDD hepatotoxic studies. Further, TCDD in the milk in the range of 0.02-20 pg/mL concentration may not be very hepatotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmagouni Sharath Kumar Goud
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division , ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001 , India
| | - Mamta Pandey
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division , ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001 , India
| | - Chhama Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division , ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001 , India
| | - Gowdar Veerappa Vedamurthy
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division , ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001 , India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division , ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001 , India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Lab, Animal Biochemistry Division , ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal 132001 , India
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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Ribeiro MA, Estill MS, Fernandez GJ, Moraes LN, Krawetz SA, Scarano WR. Integrative transcriptome and microRNome analysis identifies dysregulated pathways in human Sertoli cells exposed to TCDD. Toxicology 2018; 409:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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In vitro toxicity and in silico docking analysis of two novel selective AH-receptor modulators. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:178-188. [PMID: 29908305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mediator of dioxin toxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), has also important physiological functions. Selective AHR modulators (SAHRMs) share some effects of dioxins, except for their marked toxicity. We recently characterised toxicologically two novel SAHRMs, prodrugs IMA-08401 and IMA-07101 in rats, demonstrating that they are far less deleterious than the most toxic AHR-agonist, TCDD. Here, we analysed the in vitro toxicity and in silico AHR binding of the respective active, deacetylated metabolites, IMA-06201 (N-ethyl-N-phenyl-5-chloro-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide) and IMA-06504 (N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide). In H4IIE rat hepatoma cells, IMA-06201 and IMA-06504 induced CYP1A1 with comparable potencies and efficacies to those of TCDD. They had little effect on cell viability as assessed by LDH leakage and MTT reduction assays, and were not mutagenic in the Ames test, but IMA-06504 elicited a maximally 2.7-fold increase in micronuclei. Molecular docking simulations showed that similar to TCDD, they occupy the central region of AHR ligand binding cavity. Hence, while showing low to negligible in vitro toxicity, these novel SAHRMs bind to the AHR qualitatively in a similar fashion to TCDD, and appear comparably powerful AHR agonists. Combined with our earlier results demonstrating that they seem considerably less toxic in vivo than TCDD, these compounds are thus highly interesting new SAHRMs.
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Gadupudi GS, Elser BA, Sandgruber FA, Li X, Gibson-Corley KN, Robertson LW. PCB126 Inhibits the Activation of AMPK-CREB Signal Transduction Required for Energy Sensing in Liver. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:440-453. [PMID: 29474705 PMCID: PMC5974782 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), a dioxin-like PCB, elicits toxicity through a wide array of noncarcinogenic effects, including metabolic syndrome, wasting, and nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease. Previously, we reported decreases in the transcription of several enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, before the early onset of lipid accumulation. Hence, this study was aimed at understanding the impact of resultant decreases gluconeogenic enzymes on growth, weight, and metabolism in the liver, upon extended exposure. Male Sprague Dawley rats (75-100 g), fed a defined AIN-93G diet, were injected (ip) with single dose of soy oil (5 ml/kg body weight; n = 14) or PCB126 (5 µmol/kg; n = 15), 28 days, prior euthanasia. A subset of rats from each group were fasted for 12 h (vehicle [n = 6] and PCB126 [n = 4]). Rats only showed significant weight loss between days 14 and 28 (p < .05) and some mortality (p = .0413). As in our previous studies, the expression levels of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis (Pepck-c, G6Pase, Sds, Pc, and Ldh-A) and glycogenolysis (Pygl) were strongly downregulated. The decreased expression of these enzymes in PCB126-treated rats after a 12 h fast decreased hepatic glucose production from glycogen and gluconeogenic substrates, exacerbating the hypoglycemia. Additionally, PCB126 caused hepatic steatosis and decreased the expression of the transcription factor Pparα and its targets, necessary for fatty-acid oxidation. The observed metabolic disruption across multiple branches of fasting metabolism resulted from inhibition in the activation of enzyme AMPK and transcription factor CREB signaling, necessary for "sensing" energy-deprivation and the induction of enzymes that respond to the PCB126 triggered fuel crisis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi S Gadupudi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health
| | - Benjamin A Elser
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health
| | - Fabian A Sandgruber
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health
| | | | - Larry W Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, Graduate College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health
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Role of mixtures of organic pollutants in the development of metabolic disorders via the activation of xenosensors. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Csanaky IL, Lickteig AJ, Klaassen CD. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated short-term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid homeostasis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29452137 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.005.aryl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the most potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid (BA) homeostasis was examined in male and female wild-type and AhR-null mice shortly after 4-day exposure, rather than at a later time when secondary non-AhR dependent effects are more likely to occur. TCDD had similar effects on BA homeostasis in male and female mice. TCDD decreased the concentration of total-(Σ) BAs in liver by approximately 50% (all major BA categories except for the non-6,12-OH BAs), without decreasing the expression of the rate limiting BA synthetic enzyme (Cyp7a1) or altering the major BA regulatory pathways (FXR) in liver and intestine. Even though the Σ-BAs in liver were markedly decreased, the Σ-BAs excreted into bile were not altered. TCDD decreased the relative amount of 12-OH BAs (TCA, TDCA, CA, DCA) in bile and increased the biliary excretion of TCDCA and its metabolites (TαMCA, TUDCA); this was likely due to the decreased Cyp8b1 (12α-hydroxylase) in liver. The concentration of Σ-BAs in serum was not altered by TCDD, indicating that serum BAs do not reflect BA status in liver. However, proportions of individual BAs in serum reflected the decreased expression of Cyp8b1. All these TCDD-induced changes in BA homeostasis were absent in AhR-null mice. In summary, through the AhR, TCDD markedly decreases BA concentrations in liver and reduces the 12α-hydroxylation of BAs without altering Cyp7a1 and FXR signaling. The TCDD-induced decrease in Σ-BAs in liver did not result in a decrease in biliary excretion or serum concentrations of Σ-BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108; USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Csanaky IL, Lickteig AJ, Klaassen CD. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated short-term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid homeostasis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 343:48-61. [PMID: 29452137 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the most potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid (BA) homeostasis was examined in male and female wild-type and AhR-null mice shortly after 4-day exposure, rather than at a later time when secondary non-AhR dependent effects are more likely to occur. TCDD had similar effects on BA homeostasis in male and female mice. TCDD decreased the concentration of total-(Σ) BAs in liver by approximately 50% (all major BA categories except for the non-6,12-OH BAs), without decreasing the expression of the rate limiting BA synthetic enzyme (Cyp7a1) or altering the major BA regulatory pathways (FXR) in liver and intestine. Even though the Σ-BAs in liver were markedly decreased, the Σ-BAs excreted into bile were not altered. TCDD decreased the relative amount of 12-OH BAs (TCA, TDCA, CA, DCA) in bile and increased the biliary excretion of TCDCA and its metabolites (TαMCA, TUDCA); this was likely due to the decreased Cyp8b1 (12α-hydroxylase) in liver. The concentration of Σ-BAs in serum was not altered by TCDD, indicating that serum BAs do not reflect BA status in liver. However, proportions of individual BAs in serum reflected the decreased expression of Cyp8b1. All these TCDD-induced changes in BA homeostasis were absent in AhR-null mice. In summary, through the AhR, TCDD markedly decreases BA concentrations in liver and reduces the 12α-hydroxylation of BAs without altering Cyp7a1 and FXR signaling. The TCDD-induced decrease in Σ-BAs in liver did not result in a decrease in biliary excretion or serum concentrations of Σ-BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108; USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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26
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibition promotes hematolymphoid development from human pluripotent stem cells. Blood 2017; 129:3428-3439. [PMID: 28533309 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-730440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
deletion, we further demonstrate a marked enhancement of hematopoietic differentiation relative to wild-type hESCs. We also evaluated whether AHR antagonism could promote innate lymphoid cell differentiation from hESCs. SR-1 increased conventional natural killer (cNK) cell differentiation, whereas TCDD treatment blocked cNK development and supported group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) differentiation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that AHR regulates early human hematolymphoid cell development and may be targeted to enhance production of specific cell populations derived from human pluripotent stem cells.
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27
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Nault R, Fader KA, Lydic TA, Zacharewski TR. Lipidomic Evaluation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Hepatic Steatosis in Male and Female Mice Elicited by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1060-1075. [PMID: 28238261 PMCID: PMC5896278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic steatosis mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. To further characterize TCDD-elicited hepatic lipid accumulation, mice were gavaged with TCDD every 4 days for 28 days. Liver samples were examined using untargeted lipidomics with structural confirmation of lipid species by targeted high-resolution MS/MS, and data were integrated with complementary RNA-Seq analyses. Approximately 936 unique spectral features were detected, of which 379 were confirmed as unique lipid species. Both male and female samples exhibited similar qualitative changes (lipid species) but differed in quantitative changes. A shift to higher mass lipid species was observed, indicative of increased free fatty acid (FFA) packaging. For example, of the 13 lipid classes examined, triglycerides increased from 46 to 48% of total lipids to 68-83% in TCDD treated animals. Hepatic cholesterol esters increased 11.3-fold in male mice with moieties consisting largely of dietary fatty acids (FAs) (i.e., linolenate, palmitate, and oleate). Phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidic acids, and cardiolipins decreased 4.1-, 5.0-, 5.4- and 7.4-fold, respectively, while ceramides increased 6.6-fold. Accordingly, the integration of lipidomic data with differential gene expression associated with lipid metabolism suggests that in addition to the repression of de novo fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation, TCDD also increased hepatic uptake and packaging of lipids, while inhibiting VLDL secretion, consistent with hepatic fat accumulation and the progression to steatohepatitis with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rance Nault
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kelly A. Fader
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Todd A. Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Timothy R. Zacharewski
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Jagannathan L, Jose CC, Tanwar VS, Bhattacharya S, Cuddapah S. Identification of a unique gene expression signature in mercury and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin co-exposed cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:312-323. [PMID: 29057067 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are major environmental contaminants that commonly co-occur in the environment. Both Hg and TCDD are associated with a number of human diseases including cancers. While the individual toxicological effects of Hg and TCDD have been extensively investigated, studies on co-exposure are limited to a few genes and pathways. Therefore, a significant knowledge gap exists in the understanding of the deleterious effects of co-exposure to Hg and TCDD. Due to the prevalence of Hg and TCDD co-contamination in the environment and the major human health hazards they pose, it is important to obtain a fuller understanding of genome-wide effects of Hg and TCDD co-exposure. In this study, by performing a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to Hg and TCDD individually and in combination, we have uncovered a subset of genes with altered expression only in the co-exposed cells. We also identified the additive as well as antagonistic effects of Hg and TCDD on gene expression. Moreover, we found that co-exposure impacted several biological and disease processes not affected by Hg or TCDD individually. Our studies show that the consequences of Hg and TCDD co-exposure on the transcriptional program and biological processes could be substantially different from single exposures, thus providing new insights into the co-exposure-specific pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmanan Jagannathan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
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29
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Fader KA, Zacharewski TR. Beyond the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: Pathway Interactions in the Hepatotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin and Related Compounds. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 2:36-41. [PMID: 28948239 PMCID: PMC5609723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the prototypical ligand for a group of environmental halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants which elicit hepatotoxicity and other toxic responses through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Despite the conservation of the AhR and its signaling pathway, TCDD-elicited differential gene expression networks are species-specific, consistent with differences in sensitivity and toxic responses between species. This review integrates gene expression studies with complementary phenotypic analyses (e.g., metabolomics, clinical biochemistry, and histopathology) to elucidate the pathways through which TCDD and related compounds cause hepatotoxicity beyond AhR activation. We propose that AhR-mediated toxicity is a collective response to the cumulative burden of metabolic reprogramming across multiple pathways. Consequently, nutrition, health status, and genetic background establish the basis for differences in sensitivity and predisposition to adverse outcomes between species, sub-populations, tissues, and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Fader
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Timothy R. Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824
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30
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Prokopec SD, Houlahan KE, Sun RX, Watson JD, Yao CQ, Lee J, P'ng C, Pang R, Wu AH, Chong LC, Smith AB, Harding NJ, Moffat ID, Lindén J, Lensu S, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Compendium of TCDD-mediated transcriptomic response datasets in mammalian model systems. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:78. [PMID: 28086803 PMCID: PMC5237151 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent congener of the dioxin class of environmental contaminants. Exposure to TCDD causes a wide range of toxic outcomes, ranging from chloracne to acute lethality. The severity of toxicity is highly dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Binding of TCDD to the AHR leads to changes in transcription of numerous genes. Studies evaluating the transcriptional changes brought on by TCDD may provide valuable insight into the role of the AHR in human health and disease. We therefore compiled a collection of transcriptomic datasets that can be used to aid the scientific community in better understanding the transcriptional effects of ligand-activated AHR. Results Specifically, we have created a datasets package – TCDD.Transcriptomics – for the R statistical environment, consisting of 63 unique experiments comprising 377 samples, including various combinations of 3 species (human derived cell lines, mouse and rat), 4 tissue types (liver, kidney, white adipose tissue and hypothalamus) and a wide range of TCDD exposure times and doses. These datasets have been fully standardized using consistent preprocessing and annotation packages (available as of September 14, 2015). To demonstrate the utility of this R package, a subset of “AHR-core” genes were evaluated across the included datasets. Ahrr, Nqo1 and members of the Cyp family were significantly induced following exposure to TCDD across the studies as expected while Aldh3a1 was induced specifically in rat liver. Inmt was altered only in liver tissue and primarily by rat-AHR. Conclusions Analysis of the “AHR-core” genes demonstrates a continued need for studies surrounding the impact of AHR-activity on the transcriptome; genes believed to be consistently regulated by ligand-activated AHR show surprisingly little overlap across species and tissues. Until now, a comprehensive assessment of the transcriptome across these studies was challenging due to differences in array platforms, processing methods and annotation versions. We believe that this package, which is freely available for download (http://labs.oicr.on.ca/boutros-lab/tcdd-transcriptomics) will prove to be a highly beneficial resource to the scientific community evaluating the effects of TCDD exposure as well as the variety of functions of the AHR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3446-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie D Prokopec
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Houlahan
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ren X Sun
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John D Watson
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Cindy Q Yao
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Jamie Lee
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christine P'ng
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Renee Pang
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Alexander H Wu
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Lauren C Chong
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ashley B Smith
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Harding
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ivy D Moffat
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jere Lindén
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Allan B Okey
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Vondráček J, Pěnčíková K, Neča J, Ciganek M, Grycová A, Dvořák Z, Machala M. Assessment of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a human cell-based reporter gene assay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:307-316. [PMID: 27692884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity is one of key events in toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although various classes of AhR ligands may differentially activate human and rodent AhR, there is presently a lack of data on the human AhR-inducing relative potencies (REPs) of PAHs. Here, we focused on estimation of the AhR-mediated activities of a large set of environmental PAHs in human gene reporter AZ-AhR cell line, with an aim to develop the human AhR-based REP values with potential implications for risk assessment of PAHs. The previously identified weakly active PAHs mostly failed to activate the AhR in human cells. The order for REPs of individual PAHs in human cells largely corresponded with the available data from rodent-based experimental systems; nevertheless, we identified differences up to one order of magnitude in REP values of PAHs between human and rodent cells. Higher REP values were found in human cells for some important environmental contaminants or suspected carcinogens, such as indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene or benzo[b]fluoranthene, while lower REP values were determined for methyl-substituted PAHs. Our results also indicate that a different rate of metabolism for individual PAHs in human vs. rodent cells may affect estimation of REP values in human cell-based assay, and potentially alter toxicity of some compounds, such as benzofluoranthenes, in humans. We applied the AZ-AhR assay to evaluation of the AhR-mediated activity of complex mixtures of organic compounds associated with diesel exhaust particles, and we identified the polar compounds present in these mixtures as being particularly highly active in human cells, as compared with rodent cells. The present data suggest that differences may exist between the AhR-mediated potencies of PAHs in human and rodent cells, and that the AhR-mediated effects of polar PAH derivatives and metabolites in human cell models deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Pěnčíková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Neča
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ciganek
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Grycová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Šlechtitelů 11, Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kovalova N, Nault R, Crawford R, Zacharewski TR, Kaminski NE. Comparative analysis of TCDD-induced AhR-mediated gene expression in human, mouse and rat primary B cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 316:95-106. [PMID: 27913140 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental pollutant that activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) resulting in altered gene expression. In vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo studies have demonstrated that B cells are directly impaired by TCDD, and are a sensitive target as evidenced by suppression of antibody responses. The window of sensitivity to TCDD-induced suppression of IgM secretion among mouse, rat and human B cells is similar. Specifically, TCDD must be present within the initial 12h post B cell stimulation, indicating that TCDD disrupts early signaling network(s) necessary for B lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that TCDD treatment across three different species (mouse, rat and human) triggers a conserved, B cell-specific mechanism that is involved in TCDD-induced immunosuppression. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to identify B cell-specific orthologous genes that are differentially expressed in response to TCDD in primary mouse, rat and human B cells. Time course studies identified TCDD-elicited differential expression of 515 human, 2371 mouse and 712 rat orthologous genes over the 24-h period. 28 orthologs were differentially expressed in response to TCDD in all three species. Overrepresented pathways enriched in all three species included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and pathways in cancer. Differentially expressed genes functionally associated with cell-cell signaling in humans, immune response in mice, and oxidation reduction in rats. Overall, these results suggest that despite the conservation of the AhR and its signaling mechanism, TCDD elicits species-specific gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kovalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Rance Nault
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Robert Crawford
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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AhR-dependent 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin toxicity in human neuronal cell line SHSY5Y. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rondini EA, Duniec-Dmuchowski Z, Cukovic D, Dombkowski AA, Kocarek TA. Differential Regulation of Gene Expression by Cholesterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors That Reduce (Pravastatin) or Enhance (Squalestatin 1) Nonsterol Isoprenoid Levels in Primary Cultured Mouse and Rat Hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:216-29. [PMID: 27225895 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene synthase inhibitors (SSIs), such as squalestatin 1 (SQ1), reduce cholesterol biosynthesis but cause the accumulation of isoprenoids derived from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which can modulate the activity of nuclear receptors, including the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), farnesoid X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In comparison, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (e.g., pravastatin) inhibit production of both cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. To characterize the effects of isoprenoids on hepatocellular physiology, microarrays were used to compare orthologous gene expression from primary cultured mouse and rat hepatocytes that were treated with either SQ1 or pravastatin. Compared with controls, 47 orthologs were affected by both inhibitors, 90 were affected only by SQ1, and 51 were unique to pravastatin treatment (P < 0.05, ≥1.5-fold change). When the effects of SQ1 and pravastatin were compared directly, 162 orthologs were found to be differentially coregulated between the two treatments. Genes involved in cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were up-regulated by both inhibitors, consistent with cholesterol depletion; however, the extent of induction was greater in rat than in mouse hepatocytes. SQ1 induced several orthologs associated with microsomal, peroxisomal, and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and repressed orthologs involved in cell cycle regulation. By comparison, pravastatin repressed the expression of orthologs involved in retinol and xenobiotic metabolism. Several of the metabolic genes altered by isoprenoids were inducible by a PPARα agonist, whereas cytochrome P450 isoform 2B was inducible by activators of CAR. Our findings indicate that SSIs uniquely influence cellular lipid metabolism and cell cycle regulation, probably due to FPP catabolism through the farnesol pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rondini
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zofia Duniec-Dmuchowski
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniela Cukovic
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alan A Dombkowski
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Thomas A Kocarek
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (E.A.R., Z.D.-D., T.A.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C., A.A.D.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Hrubik J, Glisic B, Tubic A, Ivancev-Tumbas I, Kovacevic R, Samardzija D, Andric N, Kaisarevic S. Toxicological and chemical investigation of untreated municipal wastewater: Fraction- and species-specific toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 127:153-162. [PMID: 26829069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Absence of a municipal wastewater (WW) treatment plant results in the untreated WW discharge into the recipient. The present study investigated toxic effects and chemical composition of water extracts and fractions from untreated WW and recipient Danube River (DR). Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and silica gel fractionation and screened for EROD activity and cytotoxicity using aquatic models, comprising of fish liver cells (PLHC-1) and a model of the early development of zebrafish embryos, while rat (H4IIE) and human (HepG2) hepatoma cells served as mammalian models. Polar fraction caused cytotoxicity and increased the EROD activity in PLHC-1 cells, and increased mortality and developmental abnormalities in developing zebrafish embryos. In H4IIE, polar fraction induced inhibition of cell growth and increased EROD activity, whereas HepG2 exerted low or no response to the exposure. Non-polar and medium-polar fractions were ineffective. Tentative identification by GC/MS showed that WW is characterized by the hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, plasticizers, and a certain number of benzene derivatives and organic acids. In DR, smaller number of organic compounds was identified and toxicity was less pronounced than in WW treatments. The present study revealed the potent toxic effect of polar fraction of untreated WW, with biological responses varying in sensitivity across organisms. Obtained results confirmed that fraction- and species-specific toxicity should be considered when assessing health risk of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Hrubik
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Glisic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Tubic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ivancev-Tumbas
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Radmila Kovacevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Samardzija
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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36
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Watson JD, Prokopec SD, Smith AB, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced RNA abundance changes identify Ackr3, Col18a1, Cyb5a and Glud1 as candidate mediators of toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:325-338. [PMID: 27136898 PMCID: PMC5225275 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an aromatic, long-lived environmental contaminant. While the pathogenesis of TCDD-induced toxicity is poorly understood, it has been shown that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is required. However, the specific transcriptomic changes that lead to toxic outcomes have not yet been identified. We previously identified a panel of 33 genes that respond to TCDD treatment in two TCDD-sensitive rodent species. To identify genes involved in the onset of hepatic toxicity, we explored 25 of these in-depth using liver from two rat strains: the TCDD-resistant Han/Wistar (H/W) and the TCDD-sensitive Long–Evans (L–E). Time course and dose–response analyses of mRNA abundance following TCDD insult indicate that eight genes are similarly regulated in livers of both strains of rat, suggesting that they are not central to the severe L–E-specific TCDD-induced toxicities. The remaining 17 genes exhibited various divergent mRNA abundances between L–E and H/W strains after TCDD treatment. Several genes displayed a biphasic response where the initial response to TCDD treatment was followed by a secondary response, usually of larger magnitude in L–E liver. This secondary response was most often an exaggeration of the original TCDD-induced response. Only cytochrome b5 type A (microsomal) (Cyb5a) had equivalent TCDD sensitivity to the prototypic AHR-responsive cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (Cyp1a1), while six genes were less sensitive. Four genes showed an early inter-strain difference that was sustained throughout most of the time course (atypical chemokine receptor 3 (Ackr3), collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1 (Col18a1), Cyb5a and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Glud1)), and of those genes examined in this study, are most likely to represent genes involved in the pathogenesis of TCDD-induced hepatotoxicity in L–E rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Watson
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Stephenie D Prokopec
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ashley B Smith
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Allan B Okey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Hwang HJ, Dornbos P, Steidemann M, Dunivin TK, Rizzo M, LaPres JJ. Mitochondrial-targeted aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the impact of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on cellular respiration and the mitochondrial proteome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 304:121-32. [PMID: 27105554 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor within the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain superfamily. Exposure to the most potent AHR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is associated with various pathological effects including metabolic syndrome. While research over the last several years has demonstrated a role for oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in AHR-dependent TCDD-induced toxicity, the role of the mitochondria in this process has not been fully explored. Our previous research suggested that a portion of the cellular pool of AHR could be found in the mitochondria (mitoAHR). Using a protease protection assay with digitonin extraction, we have now shown that this mitoAHR is localized to the inter-membrane space (IMS) of the organelle. TCDD exposure induced a degradation of mitoAHR similar to that of cytosolic AHR. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown revealed that translocase of outer-mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20) was involved in the import of AHR into the mitochondria. In addition, TCDD altered cellular respiration in an AHR-dependent manner to maintain respiratory efficiency as measured by oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) identified a battery of proteins within the mitochondrial proteome influenced by TCDD in an AHR-dependent manner. Among these, 17 proteins with fold changes≥2 are associated with various metabolic pathways, suggesting a role of mitochondrial retrograde signaling in TCDD-mediated pathologies. Collectively, these studies suggest that mitoAHR is localized to the IMS and AHR-dependent TCDD-induced toxicity, including metabolic dysfunction, wasting syndrome, and hepatic steatosis, involves mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Peter Dornbos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, United States
| | - Michelle Steidemann
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Taylor K Dunivin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Mike Rizzo
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - John J LaPres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Attignon EA, Leblanc AF, Le-Grand B, Duval C, Aggerbeck M, Rouach H, Blanc EB. Novel roles for AhR and ARNT in the regulation of alcohol dehydrogenases in human hepatic cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:313-324. [PMID: 27055685 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which pollutants participate in the development of diverse pathologies are not completely understood. The pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) activates the AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) signaling pathway. We previously showed that TCDD (25 nM, 30 h) decreased the expression of several alcohol metabolism enzymes (cytochrome P450 2E1, alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1, 4 and 6) in differentiated human hepatic cells (HepaRG). Here, we show that, as rapidly as 8 h after treatment (25 nM TCDD) ADH expression decreased 40 % (p < 0.05). ADH1 and 4 protein levels decreased 40 and 27 %, respectively (p < 0.05), after 72 h (25 nM TCDD). The protein half-lives were not modified by TCDD which suggests transcriptional regulation of expression. The AhR antagonist CH-223191 or AhR siRNA reduced the inhibitory effect of 25 nM TCDD on ADH1A, 4 and 6 expression 50-100 % (p < 0.05). The genomic pathway (via the AhR/ARNT complex) and not the non-genomic pathway involving c-SRC mediated these effects. Other AhR ligands (3-methylcholanthrene and PCB 126) decreased ADH1B, 4 and 6 mRNAs by more than 78 and 55 %, respectively (p < 0.01). TCDD also regulated the expression of ADH4 in the HepG2 human hepatic cell line, in primary human hepatocytes and in C57BL/6J mouse liver. In conclusion, activation of the AhR/ARNT signaling pathway by AhR ligands represents a novel mechanism for regulating the expression of ADHs. These effects may be implicated in the toxicity of AhR ligands as well as in the alteration of ethanol or retinol metabolism and may be associated further with higher risk of liver diseases or/and alcohol abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore A Attignon
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France.,ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Alix F Leblanc
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France.,ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Le-Grand
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France.,ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Duval
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France.,ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France.,ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Rouach
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France.,ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Etienne B Blanc
- INSERM, UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France. .,ComUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006, Paris, France.
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Harvey WA, Jurgensen K, Pu X, Lamb CL, Cornell KA, Clark RJ, Klocke C, Mitchell KA. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases human hepatic stellate cell activation. Toxicology 2016; 344-346:26-33. [PMID: 26860701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon that elicits toxicity through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In the liver, gross markers of TCDD toxicity are attributed to AhR activation in parenchymal hepatocytes. However, less is known regarding the consequences of TCDD treatment on non-parenchymal cells in the liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are non-parenchymal cells that store vitamin A when quiescent. Upon liver injury, activated HSCs lose this storage ability and instead function in the development and maintenance of inflammation and fibrosis through the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and collagen type I. Reports that TCDD exposure disrupts hepatic retinoid homeostasis and dysregulates extracellular matrix remodeling in the liver led us to speculate that TCDD treatment may disrupt HSC activity. The human HSC line LX-2 was used to test the hypothesis that TCDD treatment directly activates HSCs. Results indicate that exposure to 10nM TCDD almost completely inhibited lipid droplet storage in LX-2 cells cultured with retinol and palmitic acid. TCDD treatment also increased LX-2 cell proliferation, expression of α-smooth muscle actin, and production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), all of which are characteristics of activated HSCs. However, TCDD treatment had no effect on Col1a1 mRNA levels in LX-2 cells stimulated with the potent profibrogenic mediator, transforming growth factor-β. The TCDD-mediated increase in LX-2 cell proliferation, but not MCP-1 production, was abolished when phosphoinositide 3-kinase was inhibited. These results indicate that HSCs are susceptible to direct modulation by TCDD and that TCDD likely increases HSC activation through a multi-faceted mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Harvey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Kimberly Jurgensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Xinzhu Pu
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Cheri L Lamb
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Kenneth A Cornell
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Reilly J Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Carolyn Klocke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Kristen A Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
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40
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Zhou L. AHR Function in Lymphocytes: Emerging Concepts. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:17-31. [PMID: 26700314 PMCID: PMC4707131 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of the development and function of both innate and adaptive immune cells through roles associated with AHR's ability to respond to cellular and dietary ligands. Recent findings have revealed tissue and context-specific functions for AHR in both homeostasis and in during an immune response. I review these findings here, and integrate them into the current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate AHR transcription and function. I propose a conceptual framework in which AHR function is determined by three factors: the amount of AHR in any given cell, the abundance and potency of AHR ligands within certain tissues, and the tissue microenvironment wherein AHR(+) cells reside. This complexity emphasizes the necessity cell-type specific genetic approaches towards the study of AHR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Gadupudi GS, Klaren WD, Olivier AK, Klingelhutz AJ, Robertson LW. PCB126-Induced Disruption in Gluconeogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation Precedes Fatty Liver in Male Rats. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:98-110. [PMID: 26396156 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, is implicated in the disruption of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism which ultimately leads to wasting disorders, metabolic disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the mechanisms are unclear. Because liver is the target organ for PCB toxicity and responsible for metabolic homeostasis, we hypothesized that early disruption of glucose and lipid homeostasis contributes to later manifestations such as hepatic steatosis. To test this hypothesis, groups of male Sprague Dawley rats, fed on AIN-93G diet, were injected (intraperitoneal.) with a single bolus of PCB126 (5 µmol/kg) at various time intervals between 9 h and 12 days prior to euthanasia. An early decrease in serum glucose and a gradual decrease in serum triglycerides were observed over time. Liver lipid accumulation was most severe at 6 and 12 days of exposure. Transcript levels of cytosolic phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck-c/Pck1) and glucose transporter (Glut2/Slc2a2) involved in gluconeogenesis and hepatic glucose transport were time-dependently downregulated between 9 h and 12 days of PCB126 exposure. Additionally, transcript levels of Pparα, and its targets acyl-CoA oxidase (Acox1) and hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (Hmgcs2), were also downregulated, indicating changes in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. In a separate animal study, we found that the measured changes in the transcript levels of Pepck-c, Glut2, Pparα, Acox1, and Hmgcs2 were also dose dependent. Furthermore, PCB126-induced effects on Pepck-c were demonstrated to be AhR dependent in rat H4IIE hepatocytes. These results indicate that PCB126-induced wasting and steatosis are preceded initially by (1) decreased serum glucose caused by decreased hepatic glucose production, followed by (2) decreased peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi S Gadupudi
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William D Klaren
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi; and
| | | | - Larry W Robertson
- *Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;
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Neuschäfer-Rube F, Schraplau A, Schewe B, Lieske S, Krützfeldt JM, Ringel S, Henkel J, Birkenfeld AL, Püschel GP. Arylhydrocarbon receptor-dependent mIndy (Slc13a5) induction as possible contributor to benzo[a]pyrene-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Toxicology 2015; 337:1-9. [PMID: 26303333 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a growing problem in industrialized and developing countries. Hepatic lipid accumulation is the result of an imbalance between fatty acid uptake, fatty acid de novo synthesis, β-oxidation and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the hepatocyte. A central regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism is cytosolic citrate that can either be derived from the mitochondrium or be taken up from the blood via the plasma membrane sodium citrate transporter NaCT, the product of the mammalian INDY gene (SLC13A5). mINDY ablation protects against diet-induced steatosis whereas mINDY expression is increased in patients with hepatic steatosis. Diet-induced hepatic steatosis is also enhanced by activation of the arylhyrocarbon receptor (AhR) both in humans and animal models. Therefore, the hypothesis was tested whether the mINDY gene might be a target of the AhR. In accordance with such a hypothesis, the AhR activator benzo[a]pyrene induced the mINDY expression in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes in an AhR-dependent manner. This induction resulted in an increased citrate uptake and citrate incorporation into lipids which probably was further enhanced by the benzo[a]pyrene-dependent induction of key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis. A potential AhR binding site was identified in the mINDY promoter that appears to be conserved in the human promoter. Elimination or mutation of this site largely abolished the activation of the mINDY promoter by benzo[a]pyrene. This study thus identified the mINDY as an AhR target gene. AhR-dependent induction of the mINDY gene might contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neuschäfer-Rube
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anne Schraplau
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bettina Schewe
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lieske
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Medical Clinic III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Julia-Mignon Krützfeldt
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ringel
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Janin Henkel
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Medical Clinic III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307, Germany; Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 8WA, UK
| | - Gerhard P Püschel
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Ambolet-Camoit A, Ottolenghi C, Leblanc A, Kim MJ, Letourneur F, Jacques S, Cagnard N, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Barouki R, Aggerbeck M. Two persistent organic pollutants which act through different xenosensors (alpha-endosulfan and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) interact in a mixture and downregulate multiple genes involved in human hepatocyte lipid and glucose metabolism. Biochimie 2015; 116:79-91. [PMID: 26159488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals, typically, are exposed to mixtures of environmental xenobiotics affecting multiple organs and acting through different xenosensors and pathways in species and cell-type specific manners. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and α-endosulfan are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and endocrine disruptors which act through different xenosensors and accumulate in the liver. Our objective in this HEALS study was to investigate the effects of the mixture of these POPs on gene expression in a human-derived hepatocyte cell line, HepaRG. We found that, in spite of having largely uncorrelated effects, TCDD and α-endosulfan, when mixed, alter the expression of genes. The combined effects of the mixture of the POPs significantly altered the expression of 100 genes (42 up- and 58 down-regulated) whereas the same concentration of either POP alone did not alter significantly the expression of these genes. For 32 other genes, selective inhibitory crosstalk between TCDD and α-endosulfan was observed. One of the POPs inhibited the effect, on gene expression, of the other in the mixture although, when used alone, that POP did not affect expression. The expression of another 82 genes was significantly altered (up- or down-regulated) by a single POP. The addition of the second POP either increased, in the same direction, the effect on gene expression or had no further effect. At low concentrations (0.2 nM TCDD and 1 μM α-endosulfan), the POPs still had significant effects and the levels of expression of the corresponding proteins were found to be affected for some genes. Particularly striking was the 80-90% inhibition, by the mixture, of the expression of a number of genes of several hepatic intermediary metabolic pathways (glycerolipid metabolism, FXR/RXR activation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, retinoid and bile acid biosynthesis), whereas each pollutant alone had only a moderate effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Ambolet-Camoit
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France
| | - Alix Leblanc
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Plateforme de Génomique, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Plateforme de Génomique, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Plateforme de Génomique, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Robert Barouki
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- Inserm UMR-S 1124, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Al-Anati L, Viluksela M, Strid A, Bergman Å, Andersson PL, Stenius U, Högberg J. Hydroxyl metabolite of PCB 180 induces DNA damage signaling and enhances the DNA damaging effect of benzo[a]pyrene. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 239:164-73. [PMID: 26148434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxyl metabolites (OH-PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants in human tissues and blood. The toxicological impact of these metabolites is poorly understood. In this study rats were exposed to ultrapure PCB180 (10-1000mg/kgbw) for 28days and induction of genotoxic stress in liver was investigated. DNA damage signaling proteins (pChk1Ser317 and γH2AXSer319) were increased dose dependently in female rats. This increase was paralleled by increasing levels of the metabolite 3'-OH-PCB180. pChk1 was the most sensitive marker. In in vitro studies HepG2 cells were exposed to 1μM of PCB180 and 3'-OH-PCB180 or the positive control benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 5μM). 3'-OH-PCB180, but not PCB180, induced CYP1A1 mRNA and γH2AX. CYP1A1 mRNA induction was seen at 1h, and γH2AX at 3h. The anti-oxidant N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine (NAC) completely prevented, and 17β-estradiol amplified the γH2AX induction by 3'-OH-PCB180. As 3'-OH-PCB180 induced CYP1A1, a major BaP-metabolizing and activating enzyme, interactions between 3'-OH-PCB180 and BaP was also studied. The metabolite amplified the DNA damage signaling response to BaP. In conclusion, metabolism of PCB180 to its hydroxyl metabolite and the subsequent induction of CYP1A1 seem important for DNA damage induced by PCB180 in vivo. Amplification of the response with estradiol may explain why DNA damage was only seen in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauy Al-Anati
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Chemicals and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Strid
- Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ahmed S, Bott D, Gomez A, Tamblyn L, Rasheed A, Cho T, MacPherson L, Sugamori KS, Yang Y, Grant DM, Cummins CL, Matthews J. Loss of the Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, Tiparp, Increases Sensitivity to Dioxin-induced Steatohepatitis and Lethality. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16824-40. [PMID: 25975270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.660100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the toxic effects of the environmental contaminant dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; TCDD). Dioxin causes a range of toxic responses, including hepatic damage, steatohepatitis, and a lethal wasting syndrome; however, the mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we show that the loss of TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (Tiparp), an ADP-ribosyltransferase and AHR repressor, increases sensitivity to dioxin-induced toxicity, steatohepatitis, and lethality. Tiparp(-/-) mice given a single injection of 100 μg/kg dioxin did not survive beyond day 5; all Tiparp(+/+) mice survived the 30-day treatment. Dioxin-treated Tiparp(-/-) mice exhibited increased liver steatosis and hepatotoxicity. Tiparp ADP-ribosylated AHR but not its dimerization partner, the AHR nuclear translocator, and the repressive effects of TIPARP on AHR were reversed by the macrodomain containing mono-ADP-ribosylase MACROD1 but not MACROD2. These results reveal previously unidentified roles for Tiparp, MacroD1, and ADP-ribosylation in AHR-mediated steatohepatitis and lethality in response to dioxin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie Bott
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Alvin Gomez
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | - Adil Rasheed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tiffany Cho
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | | | - Yang Yang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Denis M Grant
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Prokopec SD, Watson JD, Lee J, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. Sex-related differences in murine hepatic transcriptional and proteomic responses to TCDD. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:188-96. [PMID: 25703434 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that produces myriad toxicities in most mammals. In rodents alone, there is a huge divergence in the toxicological response across species, as well as among different strains within a species. But there are also significant differences between males and females animals of a single strain. These differences are inconsistent across model systems: the severity of toxicity is greater in female rats than males, while male mice and guinea pigs are more sensitive than females. Because the specific events that underlie this difference remain unclear, we characterized the hepatic transcriptional response of adult male and female C57BL/6 mice to 500μg/kg TCDD at multiple time-points. The transcriptional profile diverged significantly between the sexes. Female mice demonstrated a large number of altered transcripts as early as 6h following treatment, suggesting a large primary response. Conversely, male animals showed the greatest TCDD-mediated response 144h following exposure, potentially implicating significant secondary responses. Nr1i3 was statistically significantly induced at all time-points in the sensitive male animals. This mRNA encodes the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a transcription factor involved in the regulation of xenobiotic metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell cycle and apoptosis. Surprisingly though, changes at the protein level (aside from the positive control, CYP1A1) were modest, with only FMO3 showing clear induction, and no genes with sex-differences. Thus, while male and female mice show transcriptional differences in their response to TCDD, their association with TCDD-induced toxicities remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie D Prokopec
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - John D Watson
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jamie Lee
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio Finland; Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Bio-computing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is best known for mediating the toxicity and tumour-promoting properties of the carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, commonly referred to as ‘dioxin’. AHR influences the major stages of tumorigenesis — initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis — and physiologically relevant AHR ligands are often formed during disease states or during heightened innate and adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, ligand specificity and affinity vary between rodents and humans. Studies of aggressive tumours and tumour cell lines show increased levels of AHR and constitutive localization of this receptor in the nucleus. This suggests that the AHR is chronically activated in tumours, thus facilitating tumour progression. This Review discusses the role of AHR in tumorigenesis and the potential for therapeutic modulation of its activity in tumours.
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Watson JD, Prokopec SD, Smith AB, Okey AB, Pohjanvirta R, Boutros PC. TCDD dysregulation of 13 AHR-target genes in rat liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:445-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nault R, Kim S, Zacharewski TR. Comparison of TCDD-elicited genome-wide hepatic gene expression in Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 267:184-91. [PMID: 23238561 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the structure and function of the AhR are conserved, emerging evidence suggests that downstream effects are species-specific. In this study, rat hepatic gene expression data from the DrugMatrix database (National Toxicology Program) were compared to mouse hepatic whole-genome gene expression data following treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). For the DrugMatrix study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged daily with 20μg/kg TCDD for 1, 3 and 5days, while female C57BL/6 ovariectomized mice were examined 1, 3 and 7days after a single oral gavage of 30μg/kg TCDD. A total of 649 rat and 1386 mouse genes (|fold change|≥1.5, P1(t)≥0.99) were differentially expressed following treatment. HomoloGene identified 11,708 orthologs represented across the rat Affymetrix 230 2.0 GeneChip (12,310 total orthologs), and the mouse 4×44K v.1 Agilent oligonucleotide array (17,578 total orthologs). Comparative analysis found 563 and 922 orthologs differentially expressed in response to TCDD in the rat and mouse, respectively, with 70 responses associated with immune function and lipid metabolism in common to both. Moreover, QRTPCR analysis of Ceacam1, showed divergent expression (induced in rat; repressed in mouse) functionally consistent with TCDD-elicited hepatic steatosis in the mouse but not the rat. Functional analysis identified orthologs involved in nucleotide binding and acetyltransferase activity in rat, while mouse-specific responses were associated with steroid, phospholipid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. These results provide further evidence that TCDD elicits species-specific regulation of distinct gene networks, and outlines considerations for future comparisons of publicly available microarray datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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