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Mahadevan C, Shafi KM, Nagarathnam B, Sakuntala M, Sowdhamini R. Transcriptional regulation of hormone signalling genes in black pepper in response to Phytophthora capsici. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:910. [PMID: 39350031 PMCID: PMC11440725 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a non-model spice crop of significant agricultural and biological importance. The 'quick wilt' disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora capsici is a major threat, leading to substantial crop loss. The molecular mechanisms governing the plant immune responses to this pathogen remain unclear. This study employs RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis to explore the defense mechanisms of P. nigrum against P. capsici. RESULTS Two-month-old P. nigrum plantlets were subjected to infection with P. capsici, and leaf samples were collected at 6- and 12-hours post-inoculation. RNA was extracted, sequenced, and the resulting data were processed and assembled. Differential gene expression analysis was conducted to identify genes responding to the infection. Additionally, the study investigated the involvement of Salicylic acid (SA), Jasmonic acid (JA), and Ethylene (ET) signalling pathways. Our transcriptome assembly comprised 64,667 transcripts with 96.7% completeness, providing valuable insights into the P. nigrum transcriptome. Annotation of these transcripts identified functional categories and domains, provided details on molecular processes. Gene expression analysis identified 4,714 transcripts at 6 h post-infection (hpi) and 9,416 at 12 hpi as differentially expressed, revealing dynamic regulation of immune-related genes. Furthermore, the study investigated key genes involved in biosynthesis pathways of Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid, and Ethylene signalling. Notably, we found differential regulation of critical genes associated with these pathways while comparing data before and after infection, thereby shedding light on their roles in defense mechanism in P. nigrum defense. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive transcriptome analysis of P. nigrum response to P. capsici attack provides valuable insights into the plant defense mechanisms. The dynamic regulation of innate immunity and the involvement of key signalling pathways highlight the complexity of the plant-pathogen interaction. This study contributes to our understanding of plant immunity and offers potential strategies for enhancing P. nigrum resistance to this harmful pathogen.
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Grants
- BT/PR17789/BPA/118/189/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR17789/BPA/118/189/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR17789/BPA/118/189/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR17789/BPA/118/189/2016 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- IBAB/MSCB/182/2022 Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, India
- IBAB/MSCB/182/2022 Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, India
- SB/S2/JC-071/2015 Science and Engineering Research Board, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambareswaren Mahadevan
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - K Mohamed Shafi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560065, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - B Nagarathnam
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjula Sakuntala
- Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560065, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Wang Y, Feng Z, Ghani MI, Wang Q, Zeng L, Yang X, Zhang X, Chen C, Li S, Cao P, Chen X, Cernava T. Co-exposure to microplastics and soil pollutants significantly exacerbates toxicity to crops: Insights from a global meta and machine-learning analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176490. [PMID: 39326744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contamination of microplastics (MPs) is ubiquitous worldwide, and co-contamination of arable soils with MPs and other pollutants is of increasing concern, and may lead to unexpected consequences on crop production. However, the overall implications of this combined effect, whether beneficial or detrimental, remain a subject of current debate. Here, we conducted a global meta and machine-learning analysis to evaluate the effects of co-exposure to MPs and other pollutants on crops, utilizing 3346 biological endpoints derived from 68 different studies. Overall, compared with control groups that only exposure to conventional soil contaminants, co-exposure significantly exacerbated toxicity to crops, particularly with MPs intensifying adverse effects on crop morphology, oxidative damage, and photosynthetic efficiency. Interestingly, our analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in the accumulation of pollutants in the crop due to the presence of MPs. In addition, the results revealed that potential adverse effects were primarily associated with crop species, MPs mass concentration, and exposure duration. Our study reaffirms the substantial consequences of MPs as emerging pollutants on crops within the context of integrated pollution, providing novel insights into improving sustainability in agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zerui Feng
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Ghani
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiran Wang
- North Alabama International College of Engineering and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lina Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuqin Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shule Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengxi Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Ferdausi A, Megha S, Kav NNV, Rahman H. Changes in primary metabolism and associated gene expression during host-pathogen interaction in clubroot resistance of Brassica napus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310126. [PMID: 39250490 PMCID: PMC11383247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of primary metabolism during Brassica napus-Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction leading to clubroot resistance has not yet been investigated thoroughly. In this study, we investigated some of the primary metabolites and their derivatives as well as expression of the genes involved in their biosynthesis to decipher this host-pathogen interaction. For this, two sets (clubroot resistant and susceptible) of canola lines were inoculated with P. brassicae pathotype 3A to investigate the endogenous levels of primary metabolites at 7-, 14-, and 21-days after inoculation (DAI). The associated pathways were curated, and expression of the selected genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Our results suggested the possible involvement of polyamines (spermidine and spermine) in clubroot susceptibility. Some of the amino acids were highly abundant at 7- or 14-DAI in both resistant and susceptible lines; however, glutamine and the amino acid derivative phenylethylamine showed higher endogenous levels in the resistant lines at later stages of infection. Organic acids such as malic, fumaric, succinic, lactic and citric acids were abundant in the susceptible lines. Conversely, the abundance of salicylic acid (SA) and the expression of benzoate/salicylate carboxyl methyltransferase (BSMT) were higher in the resistant lines at the secondary stage of infection. A reduced disease severity index and gall size were observed when exogenous SA (1.0 mM) was applied to susceptible B. napus; this further supported the role of SA in clubroot resistance. In addition, a higher accumulation of fatty acids and significant upregulation of the pathway genes, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and amino alcohol phosphotransferase (AAPT) were observed in the resistant lines at 14- and 21-DAI. In contrast, some of the fatty acid derivatives such as phosphatidylcholines represented a lower level in the resistant lines. In conclusion, our findings provided additional insights into the possible involvement of primary metabolites and their derivatives in clubroot resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleya Ferdausi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Swati Megha
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nat N V Kav
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hashem S, AbdElgawad H, Mohamed F, Hegab MM, AlGarawi AM, Okla MK, Sayed M. Zn-Al and Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanoparticles improved primary and secondary metabolism of geranium plants. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28376-28389. [PMID: 39239289 PMCID: PMC11375793 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Layer double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied to enhance plant growth and productivity. However, their effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of aromatic plants, are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the impact of foliar application of Zn-Al LDH and Mg-Al LDH NPs (10 ppm) on the growth and metabolism of geranium plants. Zn-Al LDH and Mg-Al LDH NPs significantly increased the dry biomass, photosynthetic pigment, and Zn and Mg uptake by treated plants. These increases were consistent with increased primary metabolism such as soluble sugars and their metabolic enzymes (invertase and amylase). The supply of high sugar levels induced TCA organic accumulation, providing a pathway for amino acid biosynthesis. Among amino acids, proline level and its biosynthetic enzymes such as pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), glutamine synthetase (GS), and arginase were increased. Increased primary metabolites can then be channeled into secondary metabolic pathways, leading to higher levels of secondary metabolites including tocopherols, phenolics, and flavonoids. These observed increases in primary and secondary metabolites also improve the biological value of geranium plants. Overall, our research highlights the potential of Zn-Al LDH and Mg-Al LDH NPs as elicitors to enhance metabolism in geranium plants, thereby improving their growth bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Egypt
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp Antwerpen Belgium
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
- Nanophotonic and Applications (NPA) Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
- Materials Science Research Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Momtaz M Hegab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Egypt
| | - Amal Mohamed AlGarawi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Egypt
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5
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Wang S, Wang X, Li S, Sun X, Xue M, Di D, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Zhou T, Fan Z. Maize lipid droplet-associated protein 2 is recruited by a virus to enhance viral multiplication and infection through regulating cellular fatty acid metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2484-2499. [PMID: 39007841 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Pathogen infection induces massive reprogramming of host primary metabolism. Lipid and fatty acid (FA) metabolism is generally disrupted by pathogens and co-opted for their proliferation. Lipid droplets (LDs) that play important roles in regulating cellular lipid metabolism are utilized by a variety of pathogens in mammalian cells. However, the function of LDs during pathogenic infection in plants remains unknown. We show here that infection by rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) affects the lipid metabolism of maize, which causes elevated accumulation of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) leading to viral proliferation and symptom development. The overexpression of one of the two novel LD-associated proteins (LDAPs) of maize (ZmLDAP1 and ZmLDAP2) induces LD clustering. The core capsid protein P8 of RBSDV interacts with ZmLDAP2 and prevents its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediated by a UBX domain-containing protein, PUX10. In addition, silencing of ZmLDAP2 downregulates the expression of FA desaturase genes in maize, leading to a decrease in C18 PUFAs levels and suppression of RBSDV accumulation. Our findings reveal that plant virus may recruit LDAP to regulate cellular FA metabolism to promote viral multiplication and infection. These results expand the knowledge of LD functions and viral infection mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siqi Li
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Sun
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingshuo Xue
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dianping Di
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, and State Key Laboratory for Maize Bio-breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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Mughal N, Shoaib N, Chen J, Li Y, He Y, Fu M, Li X, He Y, Guo J, Deng J, Yang W, Liu J. Adaptive roles of cytokinins in enhancing plant resilience and yield against environmental stressors. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143189. [PMID: 39191348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Innovative agricultural strategies are essential for addressing the urgent challenge of food security in light of climate change, population growth, and various environmental stressors. Cytokinins (CKs) play a pivotal role in enhancing plant resilience and productivity. These compounds, which include isoprenoid and aromatic types, are synthesized through pathways involving key enzymes such as isopentenyl transferase and cytokinin oxidase. Under abiotic stress conditions, CKs regulate critical physiological processes by improving photosynthetic efficiency, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and optimizing root architecture. They also reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, resulting in improved plant performance and yield. CKs interact intricately with other phytohormones, including abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid, to modulate stress-responsive pathways. This hormonal cross-talk is vital for finely tuning plant responses to stress. Additionally, CKs influence nutrient uptake and enhance responses to heavy metal stress, thereby bolstering overall plant resilience. The application of CKs helps plants maintain higher chlorophyll levels, boost antioxidant systems, and promote root and shoot growth. The strategic utilization of CKs presents an adaptive approach for developing robust crops capable of withstanding diverse environmental stressors, thus contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and global food security. Ongoing research into the mechanisms of CK action and their interactions with other hormones is essential for maximizing their agricultural potential. This underscores the necessity for continued innovation and research in agricultural practices, in alignment with global goals of sustainable productivity and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishbah Mughal
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Noman Shoaib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Man Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xingyun Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinya Guo
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Juncai Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Chauhan K, Rao A. Clean-label alternatives for food preservation: An emerging trend. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35815. [PMID: 39247286 PMCID: PMC11379619 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for natural or 'clean-label' food ingredients has risen over the past 50 years and continues growing. Consumers have become more aware of their health and, therefore, insist on transparency in the list of ingredients. Preservatives are the most crucial food additives, ensuring food safety and security. Despite tremendous technological advancements, food preservation remains a significant challenge worldwide, primarily because most are synthetic and non-biodegradable. As a result, the food industry is placing more value on microbiota and other natural sources for bio-preservation, leading to the substitution of conventional processing and chemical preservatives with natural alternatives to ensure 'clean-label.' General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) includes some of these 'clean-label' options in its list of additives. However, they are very rarely capable of replacing a synthetic preservative on a 'one-for-one' basis, putting pressure on researchers to decipher newer, cleaner, and more economical alternatives. Academic and scientific research has led to the discovery of several plant, animal, and microbial metabolites that may function as effective bio-preservatives. However, most have not yet been put in the market or are under trial. Hence, the present review aims to summarise such relevant and potential metabolites with bio-preservative properties comprehensively. This article will help readers comprehend recent innovations in the 'clean-label' era, provide informed choices to consumers, and improve the business of regulatory approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Chauhan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Alka Rao
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), New Delhi 110002, India
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Amjadi Z, Hamzehzarghani H, Rodriguez VM, Huang YJ, Farahbakhsh F. Studying temperature's impact on Brassica napus resistance to identify key regulatory mechanisms using comparative metabolomics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19865. [PMID: 39191882 PMCID: PMC11350117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of temperature on Brassica napus (canola) resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans (LM), the causal agent of blackleg disease, metabolic profiles of LM infected resistant (R) and susceptible (S) canola cultivars at 21 °C and 28 °C were analyzed. Metabolites were detected in cotyledons of R and S plants at 48- and 120-h post-inoculation with LM using UPLC-QTOF/MS. The mock-inoculated plants were used as controls. Some of the resistance-related specific pathways, including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, were down-regulated in S plants but up-regulated in R plants at 21 °C. However, some of these pathways were down-regulated in R plants at 28 °C. Amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, alkaloid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis were the pathways linked to combined heat and pathogen stresses. By using network analysis and enrichment analysis, these pathways were identified as important. The pathways of carotenoid biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and lysine biosynthesis were identified as unique mechanisms related to heat stress and may be associated with the breakdown of resistance against the pathogen. The increased susceptibility of R plants at 28 °C resulted in the down-regulation of signal transduction pathway components and compromised signaling, particularly during the later stages of infection. Deactivating LM-specific signaling networks in R plants under heat stress may result in compatible responses and deduction in signaling metabolites, highlighting global warming challenges in crop disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amjadi
- Plant Protection Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Víctor Manuel Rodriguez
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Yong-Ju Huang
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Farideh Farahbakhsh
- Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran
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Liu X, Igarashi D, Hillmer RA, Stoddard T, Lu Y, Tsuda K, Myers CL, Katagiri F. Decomposition of dynamic transcriptomic responses during effector-triggered immunity reveals conserved responses in two distinct plant cell populations. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100882. [PMID: 38486453 PMCID: PMC11369737 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Rapid plant immune responses in the appropriate cells are needed for effective defense against pathogens. Although transcriptome analysis is often used to describe overall immune responses, collection of transcriptome data with sufficient resolution in both space and time is challenging. We reanalyzed public Arabidopsis time-course transcriptome data obtained after low-dose inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae strain expressing the effector AvrRpt2, which induces effector-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. Double-peak time-course patterns are prevalent among thousands of upregulated genes. We implemented a multi-compartment modeling approach to decompose the double-peak pattern into two single-peak patterns for each gene. The decomposed peaks reveal an "echoing" pattern: the peak times of the first and second peaks correlate well across most upregulated genes. We demonstrated that the two peaks likely represent responses of two distinct cell populations that respond either cell autonomously or indirectly to AvrRpt2. Thus, the peak decomposition has extracted spatial information from the time-course data. The echoing pattern also indicates a conserved transcriptome response with different initiation times between the two cell populations despite different elicitor types. A gene set highly overlapping with the conserved gene set is also upregulated with similar kinetics during pattern-triggered immunity. Activation of a WRKY network via different entry-point WRKYs can explain the similar but not identical transcriptome responses elicited by different elicitor types. We discuss potential benefits of the properties of the WRKY activation network as an immune signaling network in light of pressure from rapidly evolving pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daisuke Igarashi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rachel A Hillmer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Thomas Stoddard
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Lacrampe N, Lugan R, Dumont D, Nicot PC, Lecompte F, Colombié S. Modelling metabolic fluxes of tomato stems reveals that nitrogen shapes central metabolism for defence against Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4093-4110. [PMID: 38551810 PMCID: PMC11233421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Among plant pathogens, the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is one of the most prevalent, leading to severe crop damage. Studies related to its colonization of different plant species have reported variable host metabolic responses to infection. In tomato, high N availability leads to decreased susceptibility. Metabolic flux analysis can be used as an integrated method to better understand which metabolic adaptations lead to effective host defence and resistance. Here, we investigated the metabolic response of tomato infected by B. cinerea in symptomless stem tissues proximal to the lesions for 7 d post-inoculation, using a reconstructed metabolic model constrained by a large and consistent metabolic dataset acquired under four different N supplies. An overall comparison of 48 flux solution vectors of Botrytis- and mock-inoculated plants showed that fluxes were higher in Botrytis-inoculated plants, and the difference increased with a reduction in available N, accompanying an unexpected increase in radial growth. Despite higher fluxes, such as those involved in cell wall synthesis and other pathways, fluxes related to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid and protein synthesis were limited under very low N, which might explain the enhanced susceptibility. Limiting starch synthesis and enhancing fluxes towards redox and specialized metabolism also contributed to defence independent of N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lacrampe
- PSH unit, INRAE, F-84914 Avignon, France
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, F-84916 Avignon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Univ Bordeaux, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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11
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Seong GU, Yun DY, Shin DH, Cho JS, Lee G, Choi JH, Park KJ, Ku KH, Lim JH. Comparative 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics of Traditional Landrace and Disease-Resistant Chili Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.). Foods 2024; 13:1966. [PMID: 38998472 PMCID: PMC11241277 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are economically valuable crops belonging to the Solanaceae family and are popular worldwide because of their unique spiciness and flavor. In this study, differences in the metabolomes of landrace (Subicho) and disease-resistant pepper cultivars (Bulkala and Kaltanbaksa) widely grown in Korea are investigated using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. Specific metabolites were abundant in the pericarp (GABA, fructose, and glutamine) and placenta (glucose, asparagine, arginine, and capsaicin), highlighting the distinct physiological and functional roles of these components. Both the pericarp and placenta of disease-resistant pepper cultivars contained higher levels of sucrose and hexoses and lower levels of alanine, proline, and threonine than the traditional landrace cultivar. These metabolic differences are linked to enhanced stress tolerance and the activation of defense pathways, imbuing these cultivars with improved resistance characteristics. The present study provides fundamental insights into the metabolic basis of disease resistance in chili peppers, emphasizing the importance of multi-resistant varieties to ensure sustainable agriculture and food security. These resistant varieties ensure a stable supply of high-quality peppers, contributing to safer and more sustainable food production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Un Seong
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Yong Yun
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyeok Shin
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Seok Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyuseok Lee
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kee-Jai Park
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hyung Ku
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Lim
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-U.S.); (D.-Y.Y.); (D.-H.S.); (J.-S.C.); (J.H.C.); (K.-J.P.); (K.-H.K.)
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
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12
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Kallemi P, Verret F, Andronis C, Ioannidis N, Glampedakis N, Kotzabasis K, Kalantidis K. Stress-related transcriptomic changes associated with GFP transgene expression and active transgene silencing in plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13314. [PMID: 38858413 PMCID: PMC11164987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress by activating and interacting with multiple defense pathways, allowing for an efficient global defense response. RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism of regulation of gene expression directed by small RNAs important in acquired plant immunity and especially virus and transgene repression. Several RNA silencing pathways in plants are crucial to control developmental processes and provide protection against abiotic and biotic stresses as well as invasive nucleic acids such as viruses and transposable elements. Various notable studies have shed light on the genes, small RNAs, and mechanisms involved in plant RNA silencing. However, published research on the potential interactions between RNA silencing and other plant stress responses is limited. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that spreading and maintenance of systemic post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of a GFP transgene are associated with transcriptional changes that pertain to non-RNA silencing-based stress responses. To this end, we analyzed the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus and conducted whole transcriptome analysis in a transgenic line of Nicotiana benthamiana that spontaneously initiates transgene silencing, at different stages of systemic GFP-PTGS. In vivo analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence yield and expression levels of key photosynthetic genes indicates that photosynthetic activity remains unaffected by systemic GFP-PTGS. However, transcriptomic analysis reveals that spreading and maintenance of GFP-PTGS are associated with transcriptional reprogramming of genes that are involved in abiotic stress responses and pattern- or effector-triggered immunity-based stress responses. These findings suggest that systemic PTGS may affect non-RNA-silencing-based defense pathways in N. benthamiana, providing new insights into the complex interplay between different plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kallemi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Frederic Verret
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Andronis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Kriton Kalantidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
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13
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Xu L, Liu C, Ren Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Feng S, Zhong X, Fu D, Zhou X, Wang J, Liu Y, Yang M. Nanoplastic toxicity induces metabolic shifts in Populus × euramericana cv. '74/76' revealed by multi-omics analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134148. [PMID: 38565012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing global concern regarding the pervasive issue of plastic pollution. We investigated the response of Populus × euramericana cv. '74/76' to nanoplastic toxicity via phenotypic, microanatomical, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approaches. Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) were distributed throughout the test plants after the application of PS-NPs. Nanoplastics principally accumulated in the roots; minimal fractions were translocated to the leaves. In leaves, however, PS-NPs easily penetrated membranes and became concentrated in chloroplasts, causing thylakoid disintegration and chlorophyll degradation. Finally, oxidant damage from the influx of PS-NPs led to diminished photosynthesis, stunted growth, and etiolation and/or wilting. By integrating dual-omics data, we found that plants could counteract mild PS-NP-induced oxidative stress through the antioxidant enzyme system without initiating secondary metabolic defense mechanisms. In contrast, severe PS-NP treatments promoted a shift in metabolic pattern from primary metabolism to secondary metabolic defense mechanisms, an effect that was particularly pronounced during the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Our findings provide a useful framework from which to further clarify the roles of key biochemical pathways in plant responses to nanoplastic toxicity. Our work also supports the development of effective strategies to mitigate the environmental risks of nanoplastics by biologically immobilizing them in contaminated lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Xu
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chong Liu
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
| | - Yachao Ren
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
| | - Yinran Huang
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
| | - Yichao Liu
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, China.
| | - Shuxiang Feng
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050061, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Donglin Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinmao Wang
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
| | - Yujun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
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14
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Adhikary D, Mehta D, Kisiala A, Basu U, Uhrig RG, Emery RN, Rahman H, Kav NNV. Proteome- and metabolome-level changes during early stages of clubroot infection in Brassica napus canola. Mol Omics 2024; 20:265-282. [PMID: 38334713 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Clubroot is a destructive root disease of canola (Brassica napus L.) caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Despite extensive research into the molecular responses of B. napus to P. brassicae, there is limited information on proteome- and metabolome-level changes in response to the pathogen, especially during the initial stages of infection. In this study, we have investigated the proteome- and metabolome- level changes in the roots of clubroot-resistant (CR) and -susceptible (CS) doubled-haploid (DH) B. napus lines, in response to P. brassicae pathotype 3H at 1-, 4-, and 7-days post-inoculation (DPI). Root proteomes were analyzed using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS). Comparisons of pathogen-inoculated and uninoculated root proteomes revealed 2515 and 1556 differentially abundant proteins at one or more time points (1-, 4-, and 7-DPI) in the CR and CS genotypes, respectively. Several proteins related to primary metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, and lipids), secondary metabolites (e.g., glucosinolates), and cell wall reinforcement-related proteins [e.g., laccase, peroxidases, and plant invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PInv/PMEI)] were identified. Eleven nucleotides and nucleoside-related metabolites, and eight fatty acids and sphingolipid-related metabolites were identified in the metabolomics study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of root proteome-level changes and associated alterations in metabolites during the early stages of P. brassicae infection in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Adhikary
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Devang Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Urmila Basu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - R Glen Uhrig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rj Neil Emery
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Nat N V Kav
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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15
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Zhang J, Ye L, Chen Q, Wang F. Response analysis of Pinus sibirica to pine wood nematode infection through transcriptomics and metabolomics study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383018. [PMID: 38774221 PMCID: PMC11106439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Pinus sibirica is primarily distributed in Siberia. Owing to its excellent cold resistance and development potential, it has become an important introduced tree species in the Greater Xing'an area of China. Pine wilt disease, triggered by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), constitutes a profoundly critical affliction within forest ecosystems. Its incidence has extended to the northeastern region of China in recent years. To explore the potential host status of P. sibirica in the Greater Xing'an area for PWN and to elucidate the responses following inoculation, artificial inoculation, transcriptomics, and metabolomics methods were used. In the artificial inoculation experiments, quantitative analysis of nematode populations within the trees demonstrated that PWN exhibited normal growth and reproductive capabilities within P. sibirica. Subsequently, transcriptome and metabolome sequencing were conducted at four time points before disease onset (3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-days post inoculation). Gene trend analysis and differentially expressed gene screening were employed and the results indicated that genes associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway exhibited predominant enrichment among the up-regulated genes. Metabolome analysis showed that the abundance of flavonoid-related metabolites in P. sibirica increased after inoculation with PWN. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed that after PWN inoculation in P. sibirica, two chalcone synthase (chs) genes and a chalcone isomerase (chi) gene were significantly upregulated, and the upregulation should accumulate naringenin, pinocembrin, and apigenin to help P. sibirica resist infection of PWN. The results suggested that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway continued to respond after P. sibirica was infected with PWN and played an important role in the interaction between P. sibirica and PWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nation Forestry and Grassland Administration on Northeast Area Forest and Grass Dangerous Pest Management and Control, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, Liaoning, China
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16
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Thuraga V, Ghadamgahi F, Dadi FA, Vetukuri RR, Chawade A. A new bacterial consortia for management of Fusarium head blight in wheat. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10131. [PMID: 38698085 PMCID: PMC11066059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a significantly important disease in cereals primarily caused by Fusarium species. FHB control is largely executed through chemical strategies, which are costlier to sustainable wheat production, resulting in leaning towards sustainable sources such as resistance breeding and biological control methods for FHB. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating newly identified bacterial consortium (BCM) as biocontrol agents for FHB and understanding the morpho-physiological traits associated with the disease resistance of spring wheat. Preliminary evaluation through antagonistic plate assay and in vivo assessment indicated that BCM effectively inhibited Fusarium growth in spring wheat, reducing area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and deoxynivalenol (DON), potentially causing type II and V resistance, and improving single spike yield (SSPY). Endurance to FHB infection with the application of BCM is associated with better sustenance of spike photosynthetic performance by improving the light energy harvesting and its utilization. Correlation and path-coefficient analysis indicated that maximum quantum yield (QY_max) is directly influencing the improvement of SSPY and reduction of grain DON accumulation, which is corroborated by principal component analysis. The chlorophyll fluorescence traits identified in the present investigation might be applied as a phenotyping tool for the large-scale identification of wheat sensitivity to FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnukiran Thuraga
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtförädling, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Farideh Ghadamgahi
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtförädling, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Fantaye Ayele Dadi
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtförädling, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Ramesh Raju Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtförädling, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtförädling, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden.
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17
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Van Brenk JB, Courbier S, Kleijweg CL, Verdonk JC, Marcelis LFM. Paradise by the far-red light: Far-red and red:blue ratios independently affect yield, pigments, and carbohydrate production in lettuce, Lactuca sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383100. [PMID: 38745919 PMCID: PMC11091871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In controlled environment agriculture, customized light treatments using light-emitting diodes are crucial to improving crop yield and quality. Red (R; 600-700 nm) and blue light (B; 400-500 nm) are two major parts of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), often preferred in crop production. Far-red radiation (FR; 700-800 nm), although not part of PAR, can also affect photosynthesis and can have profound effects on a range of morphological and physiological processes. However, interactions between different red and blue light ratios (R:B) and FR on promoting yield and nutritionally relevant compounds in crops remain unknown. Here, lettuce was grown at 200 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR under three different R:B ratios: R:B87.5:12.5 (12.5% blue), R:B75:25 (25% blue), and R:B60:40 (40% blue) without FR. Each treatment was also performed with supplementary FR (50 µmol m-2 s-1; R:B87.5:12.5+FR, R:B75:25+FR, and R:B60:40+FR). White light with and without FR (W and W+FR) were used as control treatments comprising of 72.5% red, 19% green, and 8.5% blue light. Increasing the R:B ratio from R:B87.5:12.5 to R:B60:40, there was a decrease in fresh weight (20%) and carbohydrate concentration (48% reduction in both sugars and starch), whereas pigment concentrations (anthocyanins, chlorophyll, and carotenoids), phenolic compounds, and various minerals all increased. These results contrasted the effects of FR supplementation in the growth spectra; when supplementing FR to different R:B backgrounds, we found a significant increase in plant fresh weight, dry weight, total soluble sugars, and starch. Additionally, FR decreased concentrations of anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and various minerals. Although blue light and FR effects appear to directly contrast, blue and FR light did not have interactive effects together when considering plant growth, morphology, and nutritional content. Therefore, the individual benefits of increased blue light fraction and supplementary FR radiation can be combined and used cooperatively to produce crops of desired quality: adding FR increases growth and carbohydrate concentration while increasing the blue fraction increases nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B. Van Brenk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Courbier
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Celestin L. Kleijweg
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Julian C. Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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18
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Mohorović P, Geldhof B, Holsteens K, Rinia M, Daems S, Reijnders T, Ceusters J, Van den Ende W, Van de Poel B. Ethylene inhibits photosynthesis via temporally distinct responses in tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:762-784. [PMID: 38146839 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a volatile plant hormone that regulates many developmental processes and responses toward (a)biotic stress. Studies have shown that high levels of ethylene repress vegetative growth in many important crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), possibly by inhibiting photosynthesis. We investigated the temporal effects of ethylene on young tomato plants using an automated ethylene gassing system to monitor the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses through time course RNA-seq of a photosynthetically active source leaf. We found that ethylene evokes a dose-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis, which can be characterized by 3 temporally distinct phases. The earliest ethylene responses that marked the first phase and occurred a few hours after the start of the treatment were leaf epinasty and a decline in stomatal conductance, which led to lower light perception and CO2 uptake, respectively, resulting in a rapid decline of soluble sugar levels (glucose, fructose). The second phase of the ethylene effect was marked by low carbohydrate availability, which modulated plant energy metabolism to adapt by using alternative substrates (lipids and proteins) to fuel the TCA cycle. Long-term continuous exposure to ethylene led to the third phase, characterized by starch and chlorophyll breakdown, which further inhibited photosynthesis, leading to premature leaf senescence. To reveal early (3 h) ethylene-dependent regulators of photosynthesis, we performed a ChIP-seq experiment using anti-ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like 1 (EIL1) antibodies and found several candidate transcriptional regulators. Collectively, our study revealed a temporal sequence of events that led to the inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene and identified potential transcriptional regulators responsible for this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Mohorović
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Batist Geldhof
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Holsteens
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marilien Rinia
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Daems
- Research Group for Sustainable Plant Production and Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Campus Geel, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Timmy Reijnders
- Molecular Biotechnology of Plants and Microorganisms Lab, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Ceusters
- Research Group for Sustainable Plant Production and Protection, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Campus Geel, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Molecular Biotechnology of Plants and Microorganisms Lab, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Lei J, Zhang W, Yu F, Ni M, Liu Z, Wang C, Li J, Song J, Wang S. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Differential Responses to Alternaria brassicicola Infection in Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:545. [PMID: 38790174 PMCID: PMC11121261 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Black spot, caused by Alternaria brassicicola (Ab), poses a serious threat to crucifer production, and knowledge of how plants respond to Ab infection is essential for black spot management. In the current study, combined transcriptomic and metabolic analysis was employed to investigate the response to Ab infection in two cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) genotypes, Bo257 (resistant to Ab) and Bo190 (susceptible to Ab). A total of 1100 and 7490 differentially expressed genes were identified in Bo257 (R_mock vs. R_Ab) and Bo190 (S_mock vs. S_Ab), respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that "metabolic pathways", "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites", and "glucosinolate biosynthesis" were the top three enriched KEGG pathways in Bo257, while "metabolic pathways", "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites", and "carbon metabolism" were the top three enriched KEGG pathways in Bo190. Further analysis showed that genes involved in extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, jasmonic acid signaling pathway, and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway were differentially expressed in response to Ab infection. Notably, when infected with Ab, genes involved in extracellular ROS production were largely unchanged in Bo257, whereas most of these genes were upregulated in Bo190. Metabolic profiling revealed 24 and 56 differentially accumulated metabolites in Bo257 and Bo190, respectively, with the majority being primary metabolites. Further analysis revealed that dramatic accumulation of succinate was observed in Bo257 and Bo190, which may provide energy for resistance responses against Ab infection via the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway. Collectively, this study provides comprehensive insights into the Ab-cabbage interactions and helps uncover targets for breeding Ab-resistant varieties in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Lei
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.Z.); (F.Y.); (M.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.Z.); (F.Y.); (M.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Meng Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.Z.); (F.Y.); (M.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China;
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.Z.); (F.Y.); (M.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianghua Song
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shenyun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.Z.); (F.Y.); (M.N.); (J.L.)
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20
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Fick A, Swart V, Bombarely A, van den Berg N. Comparative transcriptional analysis of Persea americana MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors following Phytophthora cinnamomi infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13453. [PMID: 38590150 PMCID: PMC11002358 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells undergo extensive transcriptional reprogramming following pathogen infection, with these reprogramming patterns becoming more complex when pathogens, such as hemibiotrophs, exhibit different lifestyles. These transcriptional changes are often orchestrated by MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs), which modulate both growth and defence-related gene expression. Transcriptional analysis of defence-related genes in avocado (Persea americana) infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi indicated differential immune response activation when comparing a partially resistant and susceptible rootstock. This study identified 226 MYB, 82 WRKY, and 174 AP2/ERF TF-encoding genes in avocado, using a genome-wide approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial sequence conservation within TF groups underscoring their functional significance. RNA-sequencing analysis in a partially resistant and susceptible avocado rootstock infected with P. cinnamomi was indicative of an immune response switch occurring in either rootstock after 24 and 6 h post-inoculation, respectively. Different clusters of co-expressed TF genes were observed at these times, suggesting the activation of necrotroph-related immune responses at varying intervals between the two rootstocks. This study aids our understanding of avocado immune response activation following P. cinnamomi infection, and the role of the TFs therein, elucidating the transcriptional reprogramming disparities between partially resistant and susceptible rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fick
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Velushka Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universitat Politècnica de València (IBMCP‐CSIC‐UPV)ValenciaSpain
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
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21
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Ianiri G, Barone G, Palmieri D, Quiquero M, Gaeta I, De Curtis F, Castoria R. Transcriptomic investigation of the interaction between a biocontrol yeast, Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV, and the postharvest fungal pathogen Penicillium expansum on apple. Commun Biol 2024; 7:359. [PMID: 38519651 PMCID: PMC10960036 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol strategies offer a promising alternative to control plant pathogens achieving food safety and security. In this study we apply a RNAseq analysis during interaction between the biocontrol agent (BCA) Papiliotrema terrestris, the pathogen Penicillium expansum, and the host Malus domestica. Analysis of the BCA finds overall 802 upregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) when grown in apple tissue, with the majority being involved in nutrients uptake and oxidative stress response. This suggests that these processes are crucial for the BCA to colonize the fruit wounds and outcompete the pathogen. As to P. expansum analysis, 1017 DEGs are upregulated when grown in apple tissue, with the most represented GO categories being transcription, oxidation reduction process, and transmembrane transport. Analysis of the host M. domestica finds a higher number of DEGs in response to the pathogen compared to the BCA, with overexpression of genes involved in host defense signaling pathways in the presence of both of them, and a prevalence of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) only during interaction with P. expansum. This analysis contributes to advance the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that underlie biocontrol activity and the tritrophic interaction of the BCA with the pathogen and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Barone
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Davide Palmieri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela Quiquero
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ilenia Gaeta
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Filippo De Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Raffaello Castoria
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
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22
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Barrit T, Planchet E, Lothier J, Satour P, Aligon S, Tcherkez G, Limami AM, Campion C, Teulat B. Nitrogen Nutrition Modulates the Response to Alternaria brassicicola Infection via Metabolic Modifications in Arabidopsis Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:534. [PMID: 38502050 PMCID: PMC10892011 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of nitrogen nutrition on seedling susceptibility to seed-borne pathogens. We have previously shown that seedlings grown under high nitrate (5 mM) conditions are less susceptible than those grown under low nitrate (0.1 mM) and ammonium (5 mM) in the Arabidopsis-Alternaria brassicicola pathosystem. However, it is not known how seedling metabolism is modulated by nitrogen nutrition, nor what is its response to pathogen infection. Here, we addressed this question using the same pathosystem and nutritive conditions, examining germination kinetics, seedling development, but also shoot ion contents, metabolome, and selected gene expression. Nitrogen nutrition clearly altered the seedling metabolome. A similar metabolomic profile was observed in inoculated seedlings grown at high nitrate levels and in not inoculated-seedlings. High nitrate levels also led to specific gene expression patterns (e.g., polyamine metabolism), while other genes responded to inoculation regardless of nitrogen supply conditions. Furthermore, the metabolites best correlated with high disease symptoms were coumarate, tyrosine, hemicellulose sugars, and polyamines, and those associated with low symptoms were organic acids (tricarboxylic acid pathway, glycerate, shikimate), sugars derivatives and β-alanine. Overall, our results suggest that the beneficial effect of high nitrate nutrition on seedling susceptibility is likely due to nutritive and signaling mechanisms affecting developmental plant processes detrimental to the pathogen. In particular, it may be due to a constitutively high tryptophan metabolism, as well as down regulation of oxidative stress caused by polyamine catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Barrit
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Elisabeth Planchet
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Pascale Satour
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Sophie Aligon
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anis M. Limami
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Claire Campion
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Béatrice Teulat
- Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France; (T.B.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (P.S.); (S.A.); (G.T.); (A.M.L.); (C.C.)
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23
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Monteiro P, Valledor L, Osorio S, Camisón Á, Vallarino JG, Gómez-Cadenas A, Díez JJ, Pinto G. Physiological, metabolic and hormonal responses of two Pinus spp. with contrasting susceptibility to brown-spot needle blight disease. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae003. [PMID: 38195942 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Needle blights are serious fungal diseases affecting European natural and planted pine forests. Brown-spot needle blight (BSNB) disease, caused by the fungus Lecanosticta acicola, causes canopy defoliation and severe productivity losses, with consequences depending on host susceptibility. To gain new insights into BSNB plant-pathogen interactions, constitutive and pathogen-induced traits were assessed in two host species with differential disease susceptibility. Six-month-old Pinus radiata D. Don (susceptible) and Pinus pinea L. (more resistant) seedlings were needle inoculated with L. acicola under controlled conditions. Eighty days after inoculation, healthy-looking needles from symptomatic plants were assessed for physiological parameters and sampled for biochemical analysis. Disease progression, plant growth, leaf gas-exchanges and biochemical parameters were complemented with hormonal and untargeted primary metabolism analysis and integrated for a holistic analysis. Constitutive differences between pine species were observed. Pinus pinea presented higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and higher amino and organic acids, abscisic acid as well as putrescine content than P. radiata. Symptoms from BSNB disease were observed in 54.54% of P. radiata and 45.45% of P. pinea seedlings, being more pronounced and generalized in P. radiata. For both species, plant height, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and water-use efficiency were impacted by infection. In P. radiata, total soluble sugars, starch and total flavonoids content increased after infection. No differences in hormone content after infection were observed. However, secondary metabolism was induced in P. pinea visible through total phenolics, flavonoids and putrescine accumulation. Overall, the observed results suggest that P. pinea constitutive and induced traits may function as two layers of a defence strategy which contributed to an increased BSNB resistance in comparison with P. radiata. This is the first integrative study linking plant physiological and molecular traits in Pinus-Lecanosticta acicola pathosystem, contributing to a better understanding of the underlying resistance mechanisms to BSNB disease in pines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Monteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Campus de El Cristo, Calle Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, 33071 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM), University of Málaga-Superior Council of Scientific Research, Campus de Teatinos, Avenida Louis Pasteur 49, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Álvaro Camisón
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Instituto de Investigación de la Dehesa (INDEHESA), Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura. Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, Plasencia 10600, Spain
| | - José Gabriel Vallarino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM), University of Málaga-Superior Council of Scientific Research, Campus de Teatinos, Avenida Louis Pasteur 49, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicent Sos Baynat, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - Julio Javier Díez
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, Palencia 34071, Spain
| | - Glória Pinto
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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24
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Sharma V, Mohammed SA, Devi N, Vats G, Tuli HS, Saini AK, Dhir YW, Dhir S, Singh B. Unveiling the dynamic relationship of viruses and/or symbiotic bacteria with plant resilience in abiotic stress. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:10. [PMID: 38311681 PMCID: PMC10838894 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In the ecosphere, plants interact with environmental biotic and abiotic partners, where unbalanced interactions can induce unfavourable stress conditions. Abiotic factors (temperature, water, and salt) are primarily required for plants healthy survival, and any change in their availability is reflected as a stress signal. In certain cases, the presence of infectious pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and insects can also create stress conditions in plants, leading to the emergence of disease or deficiency symptoms. While these symptoms are often typical of abiotic or biotic stress, however, there are instances where they can intensify under specific conditions. Here, we primarily summarize the viral interactions with plants during abiotic stress to understand how these associations are linked together during viral pathogenesis. Secondly, focus is given to the beneficial effects of root-associated symbiotic bacteria in fulfilling the basic needs of plants during normal as well as abiotic stress conditions. The modulations of plant functional proteins, and their occurrence/cross-talk, with pathogen (virus) and symbiont (bacteria) molecules are also discussed. Furthermore, we have highlighted the biochemical and systematic adaptations that develop in plants due to bacterial symbiosis to encounter stress hallmarks. Lastly, directions are provided towards exploring potential rhizospheric bacteria to maintain plant-microbes ecosystem and manage abiotic stress in plants to achieve better trait health in the horticulture crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Sharma
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Shakeel A Mohammed
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Gourav Vats
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Yashika W Dhir
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
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25
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Singh N, Ravi B, Saini LK, Pandey GK. Voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) mediates P. syringae induced ABA-SA signaling crosstalk in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108237. [PMID: 38109831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen severely affects plant mitochondrial processes including respiration, however, the roles and mechanism of mitochondrial protein during the immune response remain largely unexplored. The interplay of plant hormone signaling during defense is an outcome of plant pathogen interaction. We recently discovered that the Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 9 (AtCIPK9) interacts with the voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (AtVDAC3) and inhibits MV-induced oxidative damage. Here we report the characterization of AtVDAC3 in an antagonistic interaction pathway between abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling in Pseudomonas syringae -Arabidopsis interaction. In this study, we observed that mutants of AtVDAC3 were highly susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae infection as compared to the wild type (WT) Arabidopsis plants. Transcripts of VDAC3 and CIPK9 were inducible upon ABA application. Following pathogen exposure, expression analyses of ABA and SA biosynthesis genes indicated that the function of VDAC3 is required for isochorisimate synthase 1 (ICS1) expression but not for Nine-cis-epoxycaotenoid dioxygenase 3 (NCED3) expression. Despite the fact that vdac3 mutants had increased NCED3 expression in response to pathogen challenge, transcripts of ABA sensitive genes such as AtRD22 and AtRAB18 were downregulated even after exogenous ABA application. VDAC3 is required for ABA responsive genes expression upon exogenous ABA application. We also found that Pseudomonas syringae-induced SA signaling is downregulated in vdac3 mutants since overexpression of VDAC3 resulted in hyperaccumulation of Pathogenesis related gene1 (PR1) transcript. Interestingly, ABA application prior to P. syringae inoculation resulted in the upregulation of ABA responsive genes like Responsive to ABA18 (RAB18) and Responsive to dehydration 22 (RD22). Intriguingly, in the absence of AtVDAC3, Pst challenge can dramatically increase ABA-induced RD22 and RAB18 expression. Altogether our results reveal a novel Pathogen-SA-ABA interaction pathway in plants. Our findings show that ABA plays a significant role in modifying plant-pathogen interactions, owing to cross-talk with the biotic stress signaling pathways of ABA and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Barkha Ravi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Lokesh K Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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26
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Singh DP, Maurya S, Yerasu SR, Bisen MS, Farag MA, Prabha R, Shukla R, Chaturvedi KK, Farooqi MS, Srivastava S, Rai A, Sarma BK, Rai N, Behera TK. Metabolomics of early blight (Alternaria solani) susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) unfolds key biomarker metabolites and involved metabolic pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21023. [PMID: 38030710 PMCID: PMC10687106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important commercial horticultural crops worldwide. The crop quality and production is largely hampered due to the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani causing necrotrophic foliage early blight disease. Crop plants usually respond to the biotic challenges with altered metabolic composition and physiological perturbations. We have deciphered altered metabolite composition, modulated metabolic pathways and identified metabolite biomarkers in A. solani-challenged susceptible tomato variety Kashi Aman using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics. Alteration in the metabolite feature composition of pathogen-challenged (m/z 9405) and non-challenged (m/z 9667) plant leaves including 8487 infection-exclusive and 8742 non-infection exclusive features was observed. Functional annotation revealed putatively annotated metabolites and pathway mapping indicated their enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinones, brassinosteroids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, oxy/sphingolipids and metabolism of biotin and porphyrin. PCA, multivariate PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis showed sample discrimination. Significantly up regulated 481 and down regulated 548 metabolite features were identified based on the fold change (threshold ≥ 2.0). OPLS-DA model based on variable importance in projection (VIP scores) and FC threshold (> 2.0) revealed 41 up regulated discriminant metabolite features annotated as sphingosine, fecosterol, melatonin, serotonin, glucose 6-phosphate, zeatin, dihydrozeatin and zeatin-β-D-glucoside. Similarly, 23 down regulated discriminant metabolites included histidinol, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, propanoate, tyramine and linalool. Melatonin and serotonin in the leaves were the two indoleamines being reported for the first time in tomato in response to the early blight pathogen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-based biomarker analysis identified apigenin-7-glucoside, uridine, adenosyl-homocysteine, cGMP, tyrosine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (as up regulated) and adenosine, homocyctine and azmaline (as down regulated) biomarkers. These results could aid in the development of metabolite-quantitative trait loci (mQTL). Furthermore, stress-induced biosynthetic pathways may be the potential targets for modifications through breeding programs or genetic engineering for improving crop performance in the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | | | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Md Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Birinchi Kumar Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
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Zhang Y, Tian X, Huang P, Yu X, Xiang Q, Zhang L, Gao X, Chen Q, Gu Y. Biochemical and transcriptomic responses of buckwheat to polyethylene microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165587. [PMID: 37467981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of microplastic is widely recognized as pollution. Microplastic can affect the growth performances of plants. Buckwheat is a potential model crop to investigate plant responses to hazardous materials. Still, little is known about the response of buckwheat to microplastics. Thus, this study investigated the effect and uptake of polyethylene (PE) in buckwheat plant growth by monitoring the morphological and photosynthetic merits, antioxidant systems and transcriptome analysis of gene expression. Results confirmed that the impacts of PE on buckwheat growth were dose-dependent, while the highest concentration (80 mg/L) exposure elicited significantly negative responses of buckwheat. PE can invade buckwheat roots and locate in the vascular tissues. PE exposure disturbed the processes of carbon fixation and the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi in buckwheat leaves. The promotion of photosynthesis under PE exposure could generate extra energy for buckwheat leaves to activate antioxidant systems by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities at an expense of morphological merits under microplastic stresses. Further in-depth study is warranted about figuring out the interactions between microplastics and biochemical responses (i.e., photosynthesis and antioxidant systems), which have great implications for deciphering the defense mechanism of buckwheat to microplastic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, China
| | - Xianrui Tian
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pengxinyue Huang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Quanju Xiang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lingzi Zhang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Rd., Chengdu 611130, China.
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Abbasi Q, Pourakbar L, Siavash Moghaddam S. Potential role of apple wood biochar in mitigating mercury toxicity in corn (Zea mays L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115619. [PMID: 37890246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a very toxic decomposition-resistant metal that can cause plant toxicity through bioaccumulation and oxidative damage. Biochar, derived from organic waste and agricultural garbage, is an on-site modification technique that can improve soil health in heavy metals-polluted regions. The present experiment was designed to explore the role of apple biochar in the management of mercury toxicity in corn (Zea mays cv. 'PL535'). Different levels of biochar derived from apple wood (0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% w/w) along with different Hg concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/L) were used in the experiment that was based on a completely randomized design. Based on the results, HgCl2 at all rates reduced root and shoot dry weight and length, tolerance index, chlorophyll a and b content, the Hill reaction, and dissolved proteins and increased shoot and root Hg content (up to 72.57 and 717.56 times, respectively), cell death (up to 58.36%), MDA level (up to 47.82%), H2O2 (up to 66.33%), dissolved sugars, and proline. The results regarding enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed increases in total phenol and flavonoids content (up to 71.27% and 86.71%, respectively), DPPH free radical scavenging percentage, and catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (up to 185.93% and 176.87%, respectively), in corn leaves with the increase in the Hg rate applied to the culture medium. The application of biochar to the substrate of the Hg-treated corns reduced Hg bioavailability, thereby reducing Hg accumulation in the roots (up to 76.88%) and shoots (up to 71.79%). It also reduced the adverse effect of Hg on the plants by increasing their shoot and root dry weight, photosynthesizing pigments, Hill reaction, and APX activity and reducing cell death, H2O2 content, and MDA content. The results reflected the capability of apple wood biochar at all rates in reducing Hg bioavailability and increasing Hg fixation in Hg-polluted soils. However, it was most effective at the rate of 7.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qahreman Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Latifeh Pourakbar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Sina Siavash Moghaddam
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Grishina A, Sherstneva O, Zhavoronkova A, Ageyeva M, Zdobnova T, Lysov M, Brilkina A, Vodeneev V. Comparison of the Efficiency of Hyperspectral and Pulse Amplitude Modulation Imaging Methods in Pre-Symptomatic Virus Detection in Tobacco Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3831. [PMID: 38005728 PMCID: PMC10674761 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of pathogens can significantly reduce yield losses and improve the quality of agricultural products. This study compares the efficiency of hyperspectral (HS) imaging and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry to detect pathogens in plants. Reflectance spectra, normalized indices, and fluorescence parameters were studied in healthy and infected areas of leaves. Potato virus X with GFP fluorescent protein was used to assess the spread of infection throughout the plant. The study found that infection increased the reflectance of leaves in certain wavelength ranges. Analysis of the normalized reflectance indices (NRIs) revealed indices that were sensitive and insensitive to infection. NRI700/850 was optimal for virus detection; significant differences were detected on the 4th day after the virus arrived in the leaf. Maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yields of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) were almost unchanged at the early stage of infection. ΦPSII and NPQ in the transition state (a short time after actinic light was switched on) showed high sensitivity to infection. The higher sensitivity of PAM compared to HS imaging may be due to the possibility of assessing the physiological changes earlier than changes in leaf structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona Grishina
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Oksana Sherstneva
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Anna Zhavoronkova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Maria Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Tatiana Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Maxim Lysov
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
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Qin Z, Wang T, Zhao Y, Ma C, Shao Q. Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16039. [PMID: 38003229 PMCID: PMC10671748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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Nehela Y, Killiny N. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation Contributes to Citrus sinensis Response against ' Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus' via Modulation of Multiple Metabolic Pathways and Redox Status. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3753. [PMID: 37960112 PMCID: PMC10650511 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB; also known as citrus greening) is the most destructive bacterial disease of citrus worldwide with no known sustainable cure yet. Herein, we used non-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to prove that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation might influence the homeostasis of several metabolic pathways, as well as antioxidant defense machinery, and their metabolism-related genes. Overall, 41 metabolites were detected in 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) leaf extract including 19 proteinogenic amino acids (PAA), 10 organic acids, 5 fatty acids, and 9 other amines (four phenolic amines and three non-PAA). Exogenous GABA application increased most PAA in healthy (except L-threonine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, and L-methionine) and 'Candidatus L. asiaticus'-infected citrus plants (with no exception). Moreover, GABA accumulation significantly induced L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and α-linolenic acid, the main precursors of auxins, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), respectively. Furthermore, GABA supplementation upregulated most, if not all, of amino acids, phenolic amines, phytohormone metabolism-related, and GABA shunt-associated genes in both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected leaves. Moreover, although 'Ca. L. asiaticus' induced the accumulation of H2O2 and O2•- and generated strong oxidative stress in infected leaves, GABA possibly stimulates the activation of a multilayered antioxidative system to neutralize the deleterious effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain redox status within infected leaves. This complex system comprises two major components: (i) the enzymatic antioxidant defense machinery (six POXs, four SODs, and CAT) that serves as the front line in antioxidant defenses, and (ii) the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense machinery (phenolic acids and phenolic amines) that works as a second defense line against 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-induced ROS in citrus infected leaves. Collectively, our findings suggest that GABA might be a promising alternative eco-friendly strategy that helps citrus trees battle HLB particularly, and other diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
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Yang F, Shen H, Huang T, Yao Q, Hu J, Tang J, Zhang R, Tong H, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Su Q. Flavonoid production in tomato mediates both direct and indirect plant defences against whiteflies in tritrophic interactions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4644-4654. [PMID: 37442806 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of plant flavonoids in direct defences against chewing and sap-sucking herbivorous insects has been extensively characterized. However, little is known about flavonoid-mediated tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. In this study, we investigated how flavonoids modulate plant-insect interactions in a tritrophic system involving near-isogenic lines (NILs) of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with high (line NIL-purple hypocotyl [PH]) and low (line NIL-green hypocotyl [GH]) flavonoid levels, with a generalist herbivore whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and its predatory bug (Orius sauteri). RESULTS By contrasting levels of tomato flavonoids (direct defence) while manipulating the presence of predators (indirect defence), we found that high production of flavonoids in tomato was associated with a higher inducibility of direct defences and a stronger plant resistance to whitefly infestation and stimulated the emissions of induced volatile organic compounds, thereby increasing the attractiveness of B. tabaci-infested plants to the predator O. sauteri. Furthermore, suppression of B. tabaci population growth and enhancement of plant growth were mediated directly by the high production of flavonoids and indirectly by the attraction of O. sauteri, and the combined effects were larger than each effect individually. CONCLUSION Our results show that high flavonoid production in tomato enhances herbivore-induced direct and indirect defences to better defend against herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Thus, the development of transgenic plants may present an opportunity to utilize the beneficial role of flavonoids in integrated pest management, while simultaneously maintaining or improving resistance against other pests and pathogens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qixi Yao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Tong
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Su
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Wu Z, Zhang G, Zhao R, Gao Q, Zhao J, Zhu X, Wang F, Kang Z, Wang X. Transcriptomic analysis of wheat reveals possible resistance mechanism mediated by Yr10 to stripe rust. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:44. [PMID: 37870601 PMCID: PMC10593697 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a catastrophic disease that threatens global wheat yield. Yr10 is a race-specific all-stage disease resistance gene in wheat. However, the resistance mechanism of Yr10 is poorly characterized. Therefore, to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism mediated by Yr10, transcriptomic sequencing was performed at 0, 18, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) of compatible wheat Avocet S (AvS) and incompatible near-isogenic line (NIL) AvS + Yr10 inoculated with Pst race CYR32. Respectively, 227, 208, and 4050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 0, 18, and 48 hpi between incompatible and compatible interaction. The response of Yr10 to stripe rust involved various processes and activities, as indicated by the results of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Specifically, the response included photosynthesis, defense response to fungus, metabolic processes related to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and activities related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ten candidate genes were selected for qRT-PCR verification and the results showed that the transcriptomic data was reliable. Through the functional analysis of candidate genes by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system, it was found that the gene TaHPPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) negatively regulated the resistance of wheat to stripe rust by affecting SA signaling, pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, and ROS clearance. Our study provides insight into Yr10-mediated resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Johnson LY, Major IT, Chen Y, Yang C, Vanegas-Cano LJ, Howe GA. Diversification of JAZ-MYC signaling function in immune metabolism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2277-2291. [PMID: 37403524 PMCID: PMC10528271 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) re-programs metabolism to confer resistance to diverse environmental threats. Jasmonate stimulates the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins that repress the activity of MYC transcription factors. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MYC and JAZ are encoded by 4 and 13 genes, respectively. The extent to which expansion of the MYC and JAZ families has contributed to functional diversification of JA responses is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of MYC and JAZ paralogs in controlling the production of defense compounds derived from aromatic amino acids (AAAs). Analysis of loss-of-function and dominant myc mutations identified MYC3 and MYC4 as the major regulators of JA-induced tryptophan metabolism. We developed a JAZ family-based, forward genetics approach to screen randomized jaz polymutants for allelic combinations that enhance tryptophan biosynthetic capacity. We found that mutants defective in all members (JAZ1/2/5/6) of JAZ group I over-accumulate AAA-derived defense compounds, constitutively express marker genes for the JA-ethylene branch of immunity and are more resistant to necrotrophic pathogens but not insect herbivores. In defining JAZ and MYC paralogs that regulate the production of amino-acid-derived defense compounds, our results provide insight into the specificity of JA signaling in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Y.D. Johnson
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ian T. Major
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yani Chen
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Changxian Yang
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Leidy J. Vanegas-Cano
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gregg A. Howe
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Ding H, Dai L, Guo Q, Chen X, Zhang G, Feng H, Qin F, Gao H, Xu Y, Zhang Z. Comprehensive Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Primary Molecular Regulation Pathways Involved in Peanut under Water and Nitrogen Co-Limitation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13308. [PMID: 37686113 PMCID: PMC10487698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The yield and quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an oil crop planted worldwide, are often limited by drought stress (DS) and nitrogen (N) deficiency. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which peanut counteracts DS and N deficiency, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of peanut leaves. Herein, 829 known differentially accumulated metabolites, 324 differentially expressed transcription factors, and 5294 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under different water and N conditions. The transcriptome analysis demonstrated that drought-related DEGs were predominantly expressed in "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis" and "glycerolipid metabolism", while N-deficiency-related DEGs were mainly expressed in starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as in the biosynthesis of amino acid pathways. The biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism of secondary metabolites accounted for a large proportion of the 1317 DEGs present in water and N co-limitation. Metabolomic analysis showed that the metabolic accumulation of these pathways was significantly dependent on the stress conditions. Additionally, the roles of metabolites and genes in these pathways, such as the biosynthesis of amino acids and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis under different stress conditions, were discussed. The results demonstrated that different genes, metabolic pathways, and metabolites were related to DS and N deficiency. Thus, this study elucidates the metabolic pathways and functional genes that can be used for the improvement of peanut resistance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
| | - Liangxiang Dai
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
| | - Qing Guo
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
| | - Xiaoshu Chen
- Peanut Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (X.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Guanchu Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
| | - Hao Feng
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
| | - Feifei Qin
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
| | - Huayuan Gao
- Peanut Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China; (X.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Yang Xu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.D.); (L.D.); (Q.G.); (G.Z.); (H.F.); (F.Q.)
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Wilson SK, Pretorius T, Naidoo S. Mechanisms of systemic resistance to pathogen infection in plants and their potential application in forestry. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:404. [PMID: 37620815 PMCID: PMC10463331 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex systemic responses of tree species to fight pathogen infection necessitate attention due to the potential for yield protection in forestry. RESULTS In this paper, both the localized and systemic responses of model plants, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, are reviewed. These responses were compared to information available that investigates similar responses in woody plant species and their key differences were highlighted. In addition, tree-specific responses that have been documented were summarised, with the critical responses still relying on certain systemic acquired resistance pathways. Importantly, coniferous species have been shown to utilise phenolic compounds in their immune responses. Here we also highlight the lack of focus on systemic induced susceptibility in trees, which can be important to forest health. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the possible mechanisms of systemic response to infection in woody plant species, their potential applications, and where research may be best focused in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - T Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - S Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
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Nehela Y, Atallah O, Xuan TD, Elzaawely AA. Editorial: Exploring metabolic-based host-pathogen interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1247913. [PMID: 37670867 PMCID: PMC10476098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Osama Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The International Development and Cooperation (IDEC) Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Abdelnaser A Elzaawely
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Tian S, Liu B, Shen Y, Cao S, Lai Y, Lu G, Wang Z, Wang A. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Tomatoes' Defense against Botrytis cinerea: Insights from Transcriptome Analysis of Micro-Tom and Regular Tomato Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2965. [PMID: 37631176 PMCID: PMC10459989 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes severe economic losses in global tomato cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving tomatoes' response to this pathogen is crucial for developing effective strategies to counter it. Although the Micro-Tom (MT) cultivar has been used as a model, its stage-specific response to B. cinerea remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the response of the MT and Ailsa Craig (AC) cultivars to B. cinerea at different time points (12-48 h post-infection (hpi)). Our results indicated that MT exhibited a stronger resistant phenotype at 18-24 hpi but became more susceptible to B. cinerea later (26-48 hpi) compared to AC. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression between MT at 24 hpi and AC at 22 hpi, with MT showing a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pathway and functional annotation analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in processes related to metabolism, biological regulation, detoxification, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism, as well as some immune system-related genes. MT demonstrated an increased reliance on Ca2+ pathway-related proteins, such as CNGCs, CDPKs, and CaMCMLs, to resist B. cinerea invasion. B. cinerea infection induced the activation of PTI, ETI, and SA signaling pathways, involving the modulation of various genes such as FLS2, BAK1, CERK1, RPM, SGT1, and EDS1. Furthermore, transcription factors such as WRKY, MYB, NAC, and AUX/IAA families played crucial regulatory roles in tomatoes' defense against B. cinerea. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tomatoes' defense against B. cinerea and offer potential strategies to enhance plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bojing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yanan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Shasha Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yinyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Airong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350003, China
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Rodríguez-Vázquez R, Mesa-Marín J. Plant responses to plant growth promoting bacteria: Insights from proteomics. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 287:154031. [PMID: 37321049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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Auge G, Hankofer V, Groth M, Antoniou-Kourounioti R, Ratikainen I, Lampei C. Plant environmental memory: implications, mechanisms and opportunities for plant scientists and beyond. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad032. [PMID: 37415723 PMCID: PMC10321398 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are extremely plastic organisms. They continuously receive and integrate environmental information and adjust their growth and development to favour fitness and survival. When this integration of information affects subsequent life stages or the development of subsequent generations, it can be considered an environmental memory. Thus, plant memory is a relevant mechanism by which plants respond adaptively to different environments. If the cost of maintaining the response is offset by its benefits, it may influence evolutionary trajectories. As such, plant memory has a sophisticated underlying molecular mechanism with multiple components and layers. Nonetheless, when mathematical modelling is combined with knowledge of ecological, physiological, and developmental effects as well as molecular mechanisms as a tool for understanding plant memory, the combined potential becomes unfathomable for the management of plant communities in natural and agricultural ecosystems. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of plant memory, discuss the ecological requirements for its evolution, outline the multilayered molecular network and mechanisms required for accurate and fail-proof plant responses to variable environments, point out the direct involvement of the plant metabolism and discuss the tremendous potential of various types of models to further our understanding of the plant's environmental memory. Throughout, we emphasize the use of plant memory as a tool to unlock the secrets of the natural world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentin Hankofer
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Groth
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rea Antoniou-Kourounioti
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Sir James Black Building, University Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Irja Ratikainen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Lampei
- Department of Biology (FB17), Plant Ecology and Geobotany Group, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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41
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Spanic V, Vukovic A, Cseplo M, Vukovic R, Buchvaldt Amby D, Cairo Westergaard J, Puskas K, Roitsch T. Early leaf responses of cell physiological and sensor-based signatures reflect susceptibility of wheat seedlings to infection by leaf rust. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13990. [PMID: 37616017 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. can have devastating effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing severe economic losses. This comprehensive study serves to facilitate our understanding of the impact of carbohydrate and antioxidant metabolism in association with sensor-based phenotyping and leaf rust stress responses in wheat seedlings. After 24 h of inoculation (hai) very susceptible variety to leaf rust (Ficko) increased cell-wall invertase (cwInv; EC 3.2.1.26), compared to other varieties that significantly increased cwInv later. This could mean that the Ficko variety cannot defend itself from leaf rust infections once symptoms have started to develop. Also, Ficko had significantly decreased amounts of cytoplasmic invertase (cytInv; EC 3.2.1.26) at 8 hai. The downregulation of cytInv in susceptible plants may facilitate the maintenance of elevated apoplastic sucrose availability favoring the pathogen. The significant role of vacuolar invertase (vacInv; EC 3.2.1.26) in moderately resistant varieties was recorded. Also, a significant decrease of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase; EC 2.7.7.9) in moderately resistant varieties might restrict normal development of leaf rust due to reduced sugar. During plant-pathogen interaction, when the invader spreads systemically throughout the plant, the main role of ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activity in one moderately resistant variety (Olimpija) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity in another moderately resistant variety (Alka) is to protect the plant against oxidative damage in the early stages of infection. Non-invasive phenotyping with a sensor-based technique could be used as a rapid method for pre-symptomatic determination of wheat leaf rust resistance or susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spanic
- Department of Small Cereal Crops Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Vukovic
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Monika Cseplo
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Rosemary Vukovic
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Daniel Buchvaldt Amby
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Section for Crop Sciences, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jesper Cairo Westergaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Section for Crop Sciences, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Katalin Puskas
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Section for Crop Sciences, Taastrup, Denmark
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42
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Lata C, Manjul AS, Prasad P, Gangwar OP, Adhikari S, Sonu, Kumar S, Bhardwaj SC, Singh G, Samota MK, Choudhary M, Bohra A, Varshney RK. Unraveling the diversity and functions of sugar transporters for sustainable management of wheat rust. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:213. [PMID: 37378707 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases threaten global food security by reducing the production and quality of produce. Identification of disease resistance sources and their utilization in crop improvement is of paramount significance. However, constant evolution and occurrence of new, more aggressive and highly virulent pathotypes disintegrates the resistance of cultivars and hence demanding the steady stream of disease resistance cultivars as the most sustainable way of disease management. In this context, molecular tools and technologies facilitate an efficient and rational engineering of crops to develop cultivars having resistance to multiple pathogens and pathotypes. Puccinia spp. is biotrophic fungi that interrupt crucial junctions for causing infection, thus risking nutrient access of wheat plants and their subsequent growth. Sugar is a major carbon source taken from host cells by pathogens. Sugar transporters (STPs) are key players during wheat-rust interactions that regulate the transport, exchange, and allocation of sugar at plant-pathogen interfaces. Intense competition for accessing sugars decides fate of incompatibility or compatibility between host and the pathogen. The mechanism of transport, allocation, and signaling of sugar molecules and role of STPs and their regulatory switches in determining resistance/susceptibility to rusts in wheat is poorly understood. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involving STPs in distribution of sugar molecules for determination of rust resistance/susceptibility in wheat. We also present perspective on how detailed insights on the STP's role in wheat-rust interaction will be helpful in devising efficient strategies for wheat rust management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Lata
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India.
| | | | - Pramod Prasad
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - O P Gangwar
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Sneha Adhikari
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Sonu
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - S C Bhardwaj
- ICAR-IIWBR, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, (HP), India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | | | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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43
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Mehmood N, Saeed M, Zafarullah S, Hyder S, Rizvi ZF, Gondal AS, Jamil N, Iqbal R, Ali B, Ercisli S, Kupe M. Multifaceted Impacts of Plant-Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. in Managing Various Plant Diseases and Crop Yield Improvement. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22296-22315. [PMID: 37396244 PMCID: PMC10308577 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The modern agricultural system has issues with the reduction of agricultural productivity due to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. It is also expected that in the future the entire world population may rapidly increase and will surely demand more food. Farmers now utilize a massive quantity of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for disease management and to increase food production. These synthetic fertilizers badly affect the environment, the texture of the soil, plant productivity, and human health. However, agricultural safety and sustainability depend on an ecofriendly and inexpensive biological application. In contrast to synthetic fertilizers, soil inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the excellent alternative options. In this regard, we focused on the best PGPR genera, Pseudomonas, which exists in the rhizosphere as well as inside the plant's body and plays a role in sustainable agriculture. Many Pseudomonas spp. control plant pathogens and play an effective role in disease management through direct and indirect mechanisms. Pseudomonas spp. fix the amount of atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and also produce phytohormones, lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, antibiotics, and secondary metabolites during stress conditions. These compounds stimulate plant growth by inducing systemic resistance and by inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Furthermore, pseudomonads also protect plants during different stress conditions like heavy metal pollution, osmosis, temperature, oxidative stress, etc. Now, several Pseudomonas-based commercial biological control products have been promoted and marketed, but there are a few limitations that hinder the development of this technology for extensive usage in agricultural systems. The variability among the members of Pseudomonas spp. draws attention to the huge research interest in this genus. There is a need to explore the potential of native Pseudomonas spp. as biocontrol agents and to use them in biopesticide development to support sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najaf Mehmood
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Saeed
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zafarullah
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Shahzad Gondal
- Department
of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Jamil
- Department
of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
- HGF
Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum TR-25240, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Kupe
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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Mashabela MD, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA, Mhlongo MI. Metabolite profiling of susceptible and resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars responding to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:293. [PMID: 37264330 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an economically devasting disease that is prominent in cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). The fungal pathogen can cause approximately 30-70% losses in crop productivity and yields. Pst has become difficult to manage due to its ease of transmission through wind dispersal over long distances, and intercontinental dispersal has been previously reported. The ease of transmission has resulted in further destruction because of new and more virulent strains infecting crops previously resistant to a different strain. RESULTS In this study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach, in combination with multivariate data analytical tools, was used to elucidate the mechanistic nature of the defence systems of a Pst-resistant and a susceptible wheat cultivar infected with P. striiformis. We also investigated the time-dependant metabolic reconfiguration of infected plants over a four-week period. The untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a time-course metabolic reprogramming involving phenylpropanoids (majority flavonoids), amino acids, lipids, benzoic acids, TCA cycle intermediates and benzoxazinoids responding to Pst infection. Interestingly, the results do not show a linear course for the decrease and increase (up-/down-regulation) of said classes of metabolites, but rather the up- or down-regulation of specific metabolites in response to the pathogen infection. The resistant Koonap cultivar had an abundance of phenolic compounds such as rutin, isoorintin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-6-C-hexoside-O-hexoside. These compounds showed a decrease over time in control Koonap plants compared to an increase in Pst-infected plants. These metabolites were down-regulated in the susceptible Gariep cultivar, which could serve as biomarkers for plant responses to biotic stress and resistance against Pst. CONCLUSIONS Overall, an LC-MS-based metabolomics approach allowed for the metabolic profiling and analysis of the impact of plant-pathogen interactions on the overall plant metabolome and provided a real-time snapshot of the differential significant metabolic perturbations occurring in wheat plants responding to the Pst pathogen. The Pst-resistant Koonap cultivar showed a rapid accumulation of defence metabolites in response to pathogen infection compared to the susceptible Gariep cultivar. These findings provide insight into the mechanistic biochemical nature of plant-microbe interactions and the prospects of metabolic engineering for improved plant tolerance and resistance to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manamele Dannies Mashabela
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Paul Anton Steenkamp
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Lizelle Ann Piater
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Ian Augustus Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Msizi Innocent Mhlongo
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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Maillot Y, Mongelard G, Quéro A, Demailly H, Guénin S, Gutierrez L, Pineau C, Lecomte S, Mathiron D, Elboutachfaiti R, Fontaine JX, Molinié R, Petit E. Pathogen Stopping and Metabolism Modulation Are Key Points to Linum usitatissimum L. Early Response against Fusarium oxysporum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1963. [PMID: 37653880 PMCID: PMC10223704 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is the one of the most common and impactful pathogens of flax. Cultivars of flax that show resistance to this pathogen have previously been identified. To better understand the mechanisms that are responsible for this resistance, we conducted time-lapse analysis of one susceptible and one resistant cultivar over a two-week period following infection. We also monitored changes in some metabolites. The susceptible cultivar showed a strong onset of symptoms from 6 to 8 days after inoculation, which at this time point, was associated with changes in metabolites in both cultivars. The resistant cultivar maintained its height and normal photosynthetic capacity but showed a reduced growth of its secondary stems. This resistance was correlated with the containment of the pathogen at the root level, and an increase in some metabolites related to the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Maillot
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Gaëlle Mongelard
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Anthony Quéro
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | | | - Sylvain Lecomte
- Linéa Semences, 20 Avenue Saget, F-60210 Grandvilliers, France
| | - David Mathiron
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Bâtiment Serres-Transfert Rue Dallery, Passage du Sourire d’Avril, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Redouan Elboutachfaiti
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- BIOPI, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, F-80000 Amiens, France
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46
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Gupta YK, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Lorrain C, Farmer A, Haridas S, Ferreira EGC, Lopes-Caitar VS, Oliveira LS, Morin E, Widdison S, Cameron C, Inoue Y, Thor K, Robinson K, Drula E, Henrissat B, LaButti K, Bini AMR, Paget E, Singan V, Daum C, Dorme C, van Hoek M, Janssen A, Chandat L, Tarriotte Y, Richardson J, Melo BDVA, Wittenberg AHJ, Schneiders H, Peyrard S, Zanardo LG, Holtman VC, Coulombier-Chauvel F, Link TI, Balmer D, Müller AN, Kind S, Bohnert S, Wirtz L, Chen C, Yan M, Ng V, Gautier P, Meyer MC, Voegele RT, Liu Q, Grigoriev IV, Conrath U, Brommonschenkel SH, Loehrer M, Schaffrath U, Sirven C, Scalliet G, Duplessis S, van Esse HP. Major proliferation of transposable elements shaped the genome of the soybean rust pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1835. [PMID: 37005409 PMCID: PMC10067951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With >7000 species the order of rust fungi has a disproportionately large impact on agriculture, horticulture, forestry and foreign ecosystems. The infectious spores are typically dikaryotic, a feature unique to fungi in which two haploid nuclei reside in the same cell. A key example is Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust disease, one of the world's most economically damaging agricultural diseases. Despite P. pachyrhizi's impact, the exceptional size and complexity of its genome prevented generation of an accurate genome assembly. Here, we sequence three independent P. pachyrhizi genomes and uncover a genome up to 1.25 Gb comprising two haplotypes with a transposable element (TE) content of ~93%. We study the incursion and dominant impact of these TEs on the genome and show how they have a key impact on various processes such as host range adaptation, stress responses and genetic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Gupta
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Cécile Lorrain
- Pathogen Evolutionary Ecology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Everton Geraldo Capote Ferreira
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valéria S Lopes-Caitar
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Liliane Santana Oliveira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Connor Cameron
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kathrin Thor
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kelly Robinson
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elodie Drula
- AFMB, Aix-Marseille Univ., INRAE, Marseille, France
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kurt LaButti
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Aline Mara Rudsit Bini
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology of Paraná (UTFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eric Paget
- Bayer SAS, Crop Science Division, Lyon, France
| | - Vasanth Singan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias I Link
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Balmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Stein, Switzerland
| | - André N Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kind
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bohnert
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Louisa Wirtz
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cindy Chen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mi Yan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Maurício Conrado Meyer
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - National Soybean Research Center (Embrapa Soja), Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Qingli Liu
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Loehrer
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schaffrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - H Peter van Esse
- 2Blades, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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47
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Dandlen SA, Da Silva JP, Miguel MG, Duarte A, Power DM, Marques NT. Quick Decline and Stem Pitting Citrus tristeza virus Isolates Induce a Distinct Metabolomic Profile and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Phloem Sap of Two Citrus Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1394. [PMID: 36987082 PMCID: PMC10051153 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to the severe Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), T36, is higher for Citrus macrophylla (CM) than for C. aurantium (CA). How host-virus interactions are reflected in host physiology is largely unknown. In this study, the profile of metabolites and the antioxidant activity in the phloem sap of healthy and infected CA and CM plants were evaluated. The phloem sap of quick decline (T36) and stem pitting (T318A) infected citrus, and control plants was collected by centrifugation, and the enzymes and metabolites analyzed. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in infected plants increased significantly in CM and decreased in CA, compared to the healthy controls. Using LC-HRMS2 a metabolic profile rich in secondary metabolites was assigned to healthy CA, compared to healthy CM. CTV infection of CA caused a drastic reduction in secondary metabolites, but not in CM. In conclusion, CA and CM have a different response to severe CTV isolates and we propose that the low susceptibility of CA to T36 may be related to the interaction of the virus with the host's metabolism, which reduces significantly the synthesis of flavonoids and antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A. Dandlen
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José P. Da Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Duarte
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Natália Tomás Marques
- CEOT—Centro de Eletrónica, Optoeletrónica e Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Edif. 8, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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48
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Sehim AE, Hewedy OA, Altammar KA, Alhumaidi MS, Abd Elghaffar RY. Trichoderma asperellum empowers tomato plants and suppresses Fusarium oxysporum through priming responses. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140378. [PMID: 36998401 PMCID: PMC10043483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microbes play crucial roles in plant health and promote growth under stress. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the strategic crops grown throughout Egypt and is a widely grown vegetable worldwide. However, plant disease severely affects tomato production. The post-harvest disease (Fusarium wilt disease) affects food security globally, especially in the tomato fields. Thus, an alternative effective and economical biological treatment to the disease was recently established using Trichoderma asperellum. However, the role of rhizosphere microbiota in the resistance of tomato plants against soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unclear. In the current study, a dual culture assay of T. asperellum against various phytopathogens (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, and F. graminerarum) was performed in vitro. Interestingly, T. asperellum exhibited the highest mycelial inhibition rate (53.24%) against F. oxysporum. In addition, 30% free cell filtrate of T. asperellum inhibited F. oxysporum by 59.39%. Various underlying mechanisms were studied to explore the antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, such as chitinase activity, analysis of bioactive compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and assessment of fungal secondary metabolites against F. oxysporum mycotoxins in tomato fruits. Additionally, the plant growth-promoting traits of T. asperellum were studied (e.g., IAA production, Phosphate solubilization), and the impact on tomato seeds germination. Scanning electron microscopy, plant root sections, and confocal microscopy were used to show the mobility of the fungal endophyte activity to promote tomato root growth compared with untreated tomato root. T. asperellum enhanced the growth of tomato seeds and controlled the wilt disease caused by the phytopathogen F. oxysporum by enhancing the number of leaves as well as shoot and root length (cm) and fresh and dry weights (g). Furthermore, Trichoderma extract protects tomato fruits from post-harvest infection by F. oxysporum. Taking together, T. asperellum represents a safe and effective controlling agent against Fusarium infection of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira E. Sehim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Omar A. Hewedy
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Omar A. Hewedy,
| | - Khadijah A. Altammar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam S. Alhumaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
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Ren X, Zhang G, Jin M, Wan F, Day MD, Qian W, Liu B. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of Mikania micrantha to Puccinia spegazzinii Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030678. [PMID: 36985252 PMCID: PMC10057677 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mikania micrantha is one of the 100 worst invasive species globally and can cause significant negative impacts on agricultural and forestry economics, particularly in Asia and the Pacific region. The rust Puccinia spegazzinii has been used successfully as a biological control agent in several countries to help manage M. micrantha. However, the response mechanisms of M. micrantha to P. spegazzinii infection have never been studied. To investigate the response of M. micrantha to infection by P. spegazzinii, an integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed. The levels of 74 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites in M. micrantha infected with P. spegazzinii, were significantly different compared to those in plants that were not infected. After P. spegazzinii infection, the expression of the TCA cycle gene was significantly induced to participate in energy biosynthesis and produce more ATP. The content of most amino acids, such as L-isoleucine, L-tryptophan and L-citrulline, increased. In addition, phytoalexins, such as maackiain, nobiletin, vasicin, arachidonic acid, and JA-Ile, accumulated in M. micrantha. A total of 4978 differentially expressed genes were identified in M. micrantha infected by P. spegazzinii. Many key genes of M. micrantha in the PTI (pattern-triggered immunity) and ETI (effector-triggered immunity) pathways showed significantly higher expression under P. spegazzinii infection. Through these reactions, M. micrantha is able to resist the infection of P. spegazzinii and maintain its growth. These results are helpful for us to understand the changes in metabolites and gene expression in M. micrantha after being infected by P. spegazzinii. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for weakening the defense response of M. micrantha to P. spegazzinii, and for P. spegazzinii as a long-term biological control agent of M. micrantha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Ren
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangzhong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mengjiao Jin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Michael D. Day
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (B.L.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (B.L.)
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50
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Cifuentes L, González M, Pinto-Irish K, Álvarez R, Coba de la Peña T, Ostria-Gallardo E, Franck N, Fischer S, Barros G, Castro C, Ortiz J, Sanhueza C, Del-Saz NF, Bascunan-Godoy L, Castro PA. Metabolic imprint induced by seed halo-priming promotes a differential physiological performance in two contrasting quinoa ecotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1034788. [PMID: 36865946 PMCID: PMC9971973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
"Memory imprint" refers to the process when prior exposure to stress prepares the plant for subsequent stress episodes. Seed priming is a strategy to change the performance of seedlings to cope with stress; however, mechanisms associated with the metabolic response are fragmentary. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae) is a promising crop to sustain food security and possesses a wide genetic diversity of salinity tolerance. To elucidate if the metabolic memory induced by seed halo-priming (HP) differs among contrasting saline tolerance plants, seeds of two ecotypes of Quinoa (Socaire from Atacama Salar, and BO78 from Chilean Coastal/lowlands) were treated with a saline solution and then germinated and grown under different saline conditions. The seed HP showed a more positive impact on the sensitive ecotype during germination and promoted changes in the metabolomic profile in both ecotypes, including a reduction in carbohydrates (starch) and organic acids (citric and succinic acid), and an increase in antioxidants (ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol) and related metabolites. These changes were linked to a further reduced level of oxidative markers (methionine sulfoxide and malondialdehyde), allowing improvements in the energy use in photosystem II under saline conditions in the salt-sensitive ecotype. In view of these results, we conclude that seed HP prompts a "metabolic imprint" related to ROS scavenger at the thylakoid level, improving further the physiological performance of the most sensitive ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Máximo González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Katherine Pinto-Irish
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Teodoro Coba de la Peña
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Enrique Ostria-Gallardo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Nicolás Franck
- Centro de Estudios en Zonas Áridas (CEZA), Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Susana Fischer
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Producción vegetal Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriel Barros
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascunan-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A. Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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