1
|
Mohammadi M, Mohammadi R. Potential of tetraploid wheats in plant breeding: A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112155. [PMID: 38885883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Domestication syndrome, selection pressure, and modern plant breeding programs have reduced the genetic diversity of the wheat germplasm. For the genetic gains of breeding programs to be sustainable, plant breeders require a diverse gene pool to select genes for resistance to biotic stress factors, tolerance to abiotic stress factors, and improved quality and yield components. Thus, old landraces, subspecies and wild ancestors are rich sources of genetic diversity that have not yet been fully exploited, and it is possible to utilize this diversity. Compared with durum wheat, tetraploid wheat subspecies have retained much greater genetic diversity despite genetic drift and various environmental influences, and the identification and utilization of this diversity can make a greater contribution to the genetic enrichment of wheat. In addition, using the pre-breeding method, the valuable left-behind alleles in the wheat gene pool can be re-introduced through hybridization and introgressive gene flow to create a sustainable opportunity for the genetic gain of wheat. This review provides some insights about the potential of tetraploid wheats in plant breeding and the genetic gains made by them in plant breeding across past decades, and gathers the known functional information on genes/QTLs, metabolites, traits and their direct involvement in wheat resistance/tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohammadi
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Sararood branch, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Sararood branch, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiong J, Luo M, Chen Y, Hu Q, Fang Y, Sun T, Hu G, Zhang CJ. Subtilisin-like proteases from Fusarium graminearum induce plant cell death and contribute to virulence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1681-1693. [PMID: 38478507 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, causes huge annual economic losses in cereal production. To successfully colonize host plants, pathogens secrete hundreds of effectors that interfere with plant immunity and facilitate infection. However, the roles of most secreted effectors of F. graminearum in pathogenesis remain unclear. We analyzed the secreted proteins of F. graminearum and identified 255 candidate effector proteins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Five subtilisin-like family proteases (FgSLPs) were identified that can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Further experiments showed that these FgSLPs induced cell death in cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A signal peptide and light were not essential for the cell death-inducing activity of FgSLPs. The I9 inhibitor domain and the entire C-terminus of FgSLPs were indispensable for their self-processing and cell death-inducing activity. FgSLP-induced cell death occurred independent of the plant signal transduction components BRI-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1), SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 1 (SOBIR1), ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4). Reduced virulence was observed when FgSLP1 and FgSLP2 were simultaneously knocked out. This study reveals a class of secreted toxic proteins essential for F. graminearum virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mingyu Luo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yunshen Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qianyong Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tongjun Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Cui-Jun Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berraies S, Ruan Y, Knox R, DePauw R, Bokore F, Cuthbert R, Blackwell B, Henriquez MA, Konkin D, Yu B, Pozniak C, Meyer B. Genetic mapping of deoxynivalenol and fusarium damaged kernel resistance in an adapted durum wheat population. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:183. [PMID: 38475749 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection results in Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination that are downgrading factors at the Canadian elevators. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) is particularly susceptible to FHB and most of the adapted Canadian durum wheat cultivars are susceptible to moderately susceptible to this disease. However, the durum line DT696 is less susceptible to FHB than commercially grown cultivars. Little is known about genetic variation for durum wheat ability to resist FDK infection and DON accumulation. This study was undertaken to map genetic loci conferring resistance to DON and FDK resistance using a SNP high-density genetic map of a DT707/DT696 DH population and to identify SNP markers useful in marker-assisted breeding. One hundred twenty lines were grown in corn spawn inoculated nurseries near Morden, MB in 2015, 2016 and 2017 and the harvested seeds were evaluated for DON. The genetic map of the population was used in quantitative trait locus analysis performed with MapQTL.6® software. RESULTS Four DON accumulation resistance QTL detected in two of the three years were identified on chromosomes 1 A, 5 A (2 loci) and 7 A and two FDK resistance QTL were identified on chromosomes 5 and 7 A in single environments. Although not declared significant due to marginal LOD values, the QTL for FDK on the 5 and 7 A were showing in other years suggesting their effects were real. DT696 contributed the favourable alleles for low DON and FDK on all the chromosomes. Although no resistance loci contributed by DT707, transgressive segregant lines were identified resulting in greater resistance than DT696. Breeder-friendly KASP markers were developed for two of the DON and FDK QTL detected on chromosomes 5 and 7 A. Markers flanking each QTL were physically mapped against the durum wheat reference sequence and candidate genes which might be involved in FDK and DON resistance were identified within the QTL intervals. CONCLUSIONS The DH lines harboring the desired resistance QTL will serve as useful resources in breeding for FDK and DON resistance in durum wheat. Furthermore, breeder-friendly KASP markers developed during this study will be useful for the selection of durum wheat varieties with low FDK and DON levels in durum wheat breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Berraies
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada.
| | - Yuefeng Ruan
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada.
| | - Ron Knox
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Ron DePauw
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Retired), Ottawa, Canada
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, Calgary, AB, T3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Firdissa Bokore
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Barbara Blackwell
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - David Konkin
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Bianyun Yu
- National Research Council Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Brad Meyer
- Swift Current Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ji H, Yu R, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen J, Li Y. Metabolic Features of a Novel Trichoderma asperellum YNQJ1002 with Potent Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium graminearum. Metabolites 2023; 13:1144. [PMID: 37999240 PMCID: PMC10673152 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma, a well-known and extensively studied fungal genus, has gained significant attention for its remarkable antagonistic abilities against a wide range of plant pathogens. In this study, a total of 108 Trichoderma isolates were screened through in vitro dual antagonistic assays and culture filtrate inhibition against Fusarium graminearum. Of these, the YNQJ1002 displayed noteworthy inhibitory activities along with thermal stability. To validate the metabolic differences between YNQJ1002 and GZLX3001 (with strong and weak antagonism, respectively), UPLC-TOF-MS/MS mass spectrometry was employed to analyze and compare the metabolite profiles. We identified 12 significantly up-regulated metabolites in YNQJ1002, which include compounds like Trigoneoside, Torvoside, trans,trans-hepta-2,4,6-trienoic acid, and Chamazulene. These metabolites are known for their antimicrobial properties or signaling roles as components of cell membranes. Enriched KEGG analysis revealed a significant enrichment in sphingolipid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism, as well as autophagy. The results demonstrated that YNQJ1002's abundance of antimicrobial substances, resulting from specific metabolic pathways, enhanced its superior antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. Finally, YNQJ1002 was identified using the ITS, tef1-1α, and rpb2 regions, with MIST system sequence matching confirming its classification within the species. Overall, we have obtained a novel strain, T. asperellum YNQJ1002, which is rich in metabolites and shows potential antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. This study has opened promising prospects for the development of innovative Trichoderma-derived antifungal compounds, featuring a unique mechanism against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ji
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haile JK, Sertse D, N’Diaye A, Klymiuk V, Wiebe K, Ruan Y, Chawla HS, Henriquez MA, Wang L, Kutcher HR, Steiner B, Buerstmayr H, Pozniak CJ. Multi-locus genome-wide association studies reveal the genetic architecture of Fusarium head blight resistance in durum wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182548. [PMID: 37900749 PMCID: PMC10601657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is more susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) than other types or classes of wheat. The disease is one of the most devastating in wheat; it reduces yield and end-use quality and contaminates the grain with fungal mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). A panel of 265 Canadian and European durum wheat cultivars, as well as breeding and experimental lines, were tested in artificially inoculated field environments (2019-2022, inclusive) and two greenhouse trials (2019 and 2020). The trials were assessed for FHB severity and incidence, visual rating index, Fusarium-damaged kernels, DON accumulation, anthesis or heading date, maturity date, and plant height. In addition, yellow pigment and protein content were analyzed for the 2020 field season. To capture loci underlying FHB resistance and related traits, GWAS was performed using single-locus and several multi-locus models, employing 13,504 SNPs. Thirty-one QTL significantly associated with one or more FHB-related traits were identified, of which nine were consistent across environments and associated with multiple FHB-related traits. Although many of the QTL were identified in regions previously reported to affect FHB, the QTL QFhb-3B.2, associated with FHB severity, incidence, and DON accumulation, appears to be novel. We developed KASP markers for six FHB-associated QTL that were consistently detected across multiple environments and validated them on the Global Durum Panel (GDP). Analysis of allelic diversity and the frequencies of these revealed that the lines in the GDP harbor between zero and six resistance alleles. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the genetic basis of FHB resistance and DON accumulation in durum wheat. Accessions with multiple favorable alleles were identified and will be useful genetic resources to improve FHB resistance in durum breeding programs through marker-assisted recurrent selection and gene stacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemanesh K. Haile
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Demissew Sertse
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Valentyna Klymiuk
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Krystalee Wiebe
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yuefeng Ruan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Harmeet S. Chawla
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maria-Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Lipu Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hadley R. Kutcher
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Liang X, Zhang H, Ishfaq S, Xi K, Zhou X, Yang X, Guo W. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Toxigenic Fusarium asiaticum Integrating Recombinase Polymerase Amplification, CRISPR/Cas12a, and Lateral Flow Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14134. [PMID: 37762436 PMCID: PMC10531391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a global cereal disease caused by a complex of Fusarium species. Both Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum are the causal agents of FHB in China. F. asiaticum is the predominant species in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) and southwest China. Therefore, detecting F. asiaticum in a timely manner is crucial for controlling the disease and preventing mycotoxins from entering the food chain. Here, we combined rapid genomic DNA extraction, recombinase polymerase amplification, Cas12a cleavage, and lateral flow detection techniques to develop a method for the rapid detection of F. asiaticum. The reaction conditions were optimized to provide a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective method for F. asiaticum detection. The optimized method demonstrated exceptional specificity in detecting F. asiaticum while not detecting any of the 14 other Fusarium strains and 3 non-Fusarium species. Additionally, it could detect F. asiaticum DNA at concentrations as low as 20 ag/μL, allowing for the diagnosis of F. asiaticum infection in maize and wheat kernels even after 3 days of inoculation. The developed assay will provide an efficient and robust detection platform to accelerate plant pathogen detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (S.I.)
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (S.I.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shumila Ishfaq
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (S.I.)
| | - Kaifei Xi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (S.I.)
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (S.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li M, Liu T, Cao R, Cao Q, Tong W, Song W. Evolution and Expression of the Expansin Genes in Emmer Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14120. [PMID: 37762423 PMCID: PMC10531347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansin proteins, a crucial class of intracellular proteins, are known to play a vital role in facilitating processes like cell wall relaxation and cell growth. Recent discoveries have revealed that expansin proteins also have significant functions in plant growth, development, and response to resistance. However, the expansin gene family, particularly in emmer wheat, has not been thoroughly studied, particularly in terms of evolution. In this study, we identified 63 TdEXPs and 49 TtEXPs from the latest genome versions of wild emmer wheat (WEW) and durum wheat (DW), respectively. The physicochemical properties of the encoded expansin proteins exhibited minimal differences, and the gene structures remained relatively conserved. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the proteins into three subfamilies, namely EXPA, EXPB, and EXLA, in addition to the EXLB subfamily. Furthermore, codon preference analysis revealed an increased usage frequency of the nucleotide "T" in expansin proteins throughout the evolution of WEW and DW. Collinearity analysis demonstrated higher orthology between the expansin proteins of WEW and DW, with a Ka/Ks ratio ranging from 0.4173 to 0.9494, indicating purifying selection during the evolution from WEW to DW. Haplotype analysis of the expansin gene family identified five genes in which certain haplotypes gradually became dominant over the course of evolution, enabling adaptation for survival and improvement. Expression pattern analysis indicated tissue-specific expression of expansin genes in emmer wheat, and some of these genes were quantified through qRT-PCR to assess their response to salt stress. These comprehensive findings present the first systematic analysis of the expansin protein gene family during the evolution from WEW to DW, providing a foundation for further understanding the functions and biological roles of expansin protein genes in emmer wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.L.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.L.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (Q.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fanelli G, Kuzmanović L, Giovenali G, Tundo S, Mandalà G, Rinalducci S, Ceoloni C. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals a Multi-Faceted Resistance Response to Fusarium Head Blight Mediated by the Thinopyrum elongatum Fhb7E Locus Transferred via Chromosome Engineering into Wheat. Cells 2023; 12:1113. [PMID: 37190021 PMCID: PMC10136595 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thinopyrum elongatum Fhb7E locus has been proven to confer outstanding resistance to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) when transferred into wheat, minimizing yield loss and mycotoxin accumulation in grains. Despite their biological relevance and breeding implications, the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistant phenotype associated with Fhb7E have not been fully uncovered. To gain a broader understanding of processes involved in this complex plant-pathogen interaction, we analysed via untargeted metabolomics durum wheat (DW) rachises and grains upon spike inoculation with Fusarium graminearum (Fg) and water. The employment of DW near-isogenic recombinant lines carrying or lacking the Th. elongatum chromosome 7E region including Fhb7E on their 7AL arm, allowed clear-cut distinction between differentially accumulated disease-related metabolites. Besides confirming the rachis as key site of the main metabolic shift in plant response to FHB, and the upregulation of defence pathways (aromatic amino acid, phenylpropanoid, terpenoid) leading to antioxidants and lignin accumulation, novel insights were revealed. Fhb7E conferred constitutive and early-induced defence response, in which specific importance of polyamine biosynthesis, glutathione and vitamin B6 metabolisms, along with presence of multiple routes for deoxynivalenol detoxification, was highlighted. The results suggested Fhb7E to correspond to a compound locus, triggering a multi-faceted plant response to Fg, effectively limiting Fg growth and mycotoxin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.F.)
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Ljiljana Kuzmanović
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Gloria Giovenali
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvio Tundo
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Giulia Mandalà
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.F.)
| | - Carla Ceoloni
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.K.); (G.G.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat: Biology, Modern Detection and Diagnosis and Integrated Disease Management. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030192. [PMID: 36977083 PMCID: PMC10053988 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat for wheat production worldwide. Most reviews focus on Fusarium graminearum as a main causal agent of FHB. However, different Fusarium species are involved in this disease complex. These species differ in their geographic adaptation and mycotoxin profile. The incidence of FHB epidemics is highly correlated with weather conditions, especially rainy days with warm temperatures at anthesis and an abundance of primary inoculum. Yield losses due to the disease can reach up to 80% of the crop. This review summarizes the Fusarium species involved in the FHB disease complex with the corresponding mycotoxin profiles, disease cycle, diagnostic methods, the history of FHB epidemics, and the management strategy of the disease. In addition, it discusses the role of remote sensing technology in the integrated management of the disease. This technology can accelerate the phenotyping process in the breeding programs aiming at FHB-resistant varieties. Moreover, it can support the decision-making strategies to apply fungicides via monitoring and early detection of the diseases under field conditions. It can also be used for selective harvest to avoid mycotoxin-contaminated plots in the field.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan KJ, Liu BY, Su WH. Discrimination of Deoxynivalenol Levels of Barley Kernels Using Hyperspectral Imaging in Tandem with Optimized Convolutional Neural Network. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2668. [PMID: 36904871 PMCID: PMC10007200 DOI: 10.3390/s23052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) in raw and processed grain poses significant risks to human and animal health. In this study, the feasibility of classifying DON levels in different genetic lines of barley kernels was evaluated using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) (382-1030 nm) in tandem with an optimized convolutional neural network (CNN). Machine learning methods including logistic regression, support vector machine, stochastic gradient descent, K nearest neighbors, random forest, and CNN were respectively used to develop the classification models. Spectral preprocessing methods including wavelet transform and max-min normalization helped to enhance the performance of different models. A simplified CNN model showed better performance than other machine learning models. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) in combination with successive projections algorithm (SPA) was applied to select the best set of characteristic wavelengths. Based on seven wavelengths selected, the optimized CARS-SPA-CNN model distinguished barley grains with low levels of DON (<5 mg/kg) from those with higher levels (5 mg/kg < DON ≤ 14 mg/kg) with an accuracy of 89.41%. The lower levels of DON class I (0.19 mg/kg ≤ DON ≤ 1.25 mg/kg) and class II (1.25 mg/kg < DON ≤ 5 mg/kg) were successfully distinguished based on the optimized CNN model, yielding a precision of 89.81%. The results suggest that HSI in tandem with CNN has great potential for discrimination of DON levels of barley kernels.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mir ZA, Chandra T, Saharan A, Budhlakoti N, Mishra DC, Saharan MS, Mir RR, Singh AK, Sharma S, Vikas VK, Kumar S. Recent advances on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS); prospects for Fusarium head blight research in Durum wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3885-3901. [PMID: 36826681 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wheat is an important cereal crop that is cultivated in different parts of the world. The biotic stresses are the major concerns in wheat-growing nations and are responsible for production loss globally. The change in climate dynamics makes the pathogen more virulent in foothills and tropical regions. There is growing concern about FHB in major wheat-growing nations, and until now, there has been no known potential source of resistance identified in wheat germplasm. The plant pathogen interaction activates the cascade of pathways, genes, TFs, and resistance genes. Pathogenesis-related genes' role in disease resistance is functionally validated in different plant systems. Similarly, Genomewide association Studies (GWAS) and Genomic selection (GS) are promising tools and have led to the discovery of resistance genes, genomic regions, and novel markers. Fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins in wheat kernels, affecting wheat productivity globally. Modern technology now allows for detecting and managing DON toxin to reduce the risk to humans and animals. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the roles played by GWAS and Genomic selection (GS) in the identification of new genes, genetic variants, molecular markers and DON toxin management strategies. METHODS The review offers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the function of Fusarium graminearum virulence factors in Durum wheat. The role of GWAS and GS for Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) resistance has been well described. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the various statistical models that are used in GWAS and GS. In this review, we look at how different detection methods have been used to analyze and manage DON toxin exposure. RESULTS This review highlights the role of virulent genes in Fusarium disease establishment. The role of genome-based selection offers the identification of novel QTLs in resistant wheat germplasm. The role of GWAS and GS selection has minimized the use of population development through breeding technology. Here, we also emphasized the function of recent technological developments in minimizing the impact of DON toxins and their implications for food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad Mir
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tilak Chandra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anurag Saharan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Neeraj Budhlakoti
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D C Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - M S Saharan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Soumya Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - V K Vikas
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, 643231, India.
| | - Sundeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ran J, Wu Y, Zhang B, Su Y, Lu N, Li Y, Liang X, Zhou H, Shi J. Paenibacillus polymyxa Antagonism towards Fusarium: Identification and Optimisation of Antibiotic Production. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020138. [PMID: 36828452 PMCID: PMC9963053 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An antibiotic produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa 7F1 was studied. The 7F1 strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of a wheat field. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the physicochemical parameters. The strain showed broad-spectrum activity against several plant pathogens. Identification of the strain was realized based on 16s rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequencing. The antibiotic was optimized by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The suitable antibiotic production conditions were optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time method. The individual and interaction effects of three independent variables: culture temperature, initial pH, and culture time, were optimized by Box-Behnken design. The 16SrRNA gene sequence (1239 nucleotides) and gyrB gene (1111 nucleotides) were determined for strain 7F1 and shared the highest identities to those of Paenibacillus polymyxa. The results showed the optimal fermentation conditions for antibiotics produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa 7F1 were a culture temperature of 38 °C, initial pH of 8.0, and culture time of 8 h. The antibiotics produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa 7F1 include lipopeptides such as iturin A and surfactin. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of bacteriostatic biological agents and the control of mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Ran
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (N.L.)
| | - Youzhi Wu
- School of Food and Drug, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technology University, Shanghai 201514, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yiwei Su
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ninghai Lu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (N.L.)
| | - Yongchao Li
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xinhong Liang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Haixu Zhou
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Powell AJ, Kim SH, Cordero J, Vujanovic V. Protocooperative Effect of Sphaerodes mycoparasitica Biocontrol and Crop Genotypes on FHB Mycotoxin Reduction in Bread and Durum Wheat Grains Intended for Human and Animal Consumption. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010159. [PMID: 36677451 PMCID: PMC9861577 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) mycotoxins in wheat grains is a major threat to global food safety and security. Humans and animals are continuously being exposed to Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON through the ingestion of contaminated food or grain-based diet. In this study, a host-specific mycoparasite biocontrol agent (BCA), Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, significantly reduced FHB mycotoxin occurrence in harvested wheat grains from Fusarium graminearum 3ADON chemotype infected plants in greenhouse. Four genotypes of wheat, two common wheat and two durum wheat cultivars with varying FHB resistance levels were used in this study. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) using Illumina ITS sequences depicted beta diversity changes in Fusarium species indicating that both plant cultivar and BCA treatments influenced the Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grains. Fusarium graminearum complex (cluster A), F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum (cluster B), and F. proliferatum (cluster C) variants were associated with different FHB mycotoxins based on LC-MS/MS analyses. The predominant FHB mycotoxins measured were DON and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON. The BCA reduced the occurrence of DON in grains of all four cultivars (common wheat: 1000-30,000 µg·kg-1.; durum wheat: 600-1000 µg·kg-1) to levels below the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 16 µg·kg-1. A relatively higher concentration of DON was detected in the two common wheat genotypes when compared to the durum wheat genotype; however, the percentage reduction in the wheat genotypes was greater, reaching up to 99% with some S. mycoparasitica treatments. Similarly, a higher reduction in DON was measured in susceptible genotypes than in resistant genotypes. This study's findings underscore the potential of a Fusarium-specific S. mycoparasitica BCA as a safe and promising alternative that can be used in conjunction with other management practices to minimize FHB mycotoxins in cereal grain, food and feed intended for human and animal consumption.
Collapse
|
14
|
Antifungal activity and inhibitory mechanisms of ferulic acid against the growth of Fusarium graminearum. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
15
|
Rowland BE, Henriquez MA, Nilsen KT, Subramaniam R, Walkowiak S. Unraveling Plant-Pathogen Interactions in Cereals Using RNA-seq. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2659:103-118. [PMID: 37249889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3159-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there have been significant advancements in the realm of transcriptomics, or the study of genes and their expression. Modern RNA sequencing technologies and high-performance computing are creating a "big data" revolution that provides new opportunities to explore the interactions between cereals and pathogens that affect grain yield and food safety. These data are being used to annotate genes and gene variants, as well as identify differentially expressed genes and create global gene co-expression networks. Moreover, these data can unravel the complex interactions between pathogen and host and identify genes and pathways involved in these interactions. This information can then be used for disease mitigation and the development of crops with superior resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn E Rowland
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Kirby T Nilsen
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada.
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bamforth J, Chin T, Ashfaq T, Gamage NW, Pleskach K, Tittlemier SA, Henriquez MA, Kurera S, Lee SJ, Patel B, Gräfenhan T, Walkowiak S. A survey of Fusarium species and ADON genotype on Canadian wheat grain. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1062444. [PMID: 37746237 PMCID: PMC10512222 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1062444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Wheat is a staple food that is important to global food security, but in epidemic years, fungal pathogens can threaten production, quality, and safety of wheat grain. Globally, one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat is Fusarium head blight (FHB). This disease can be caused by several different Fusarium species with known differences in aggressiveness and mycotoxin-production potential, with the trichothecene toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives being of particular concern. In North America, the most predominant species causing FHB is F. graminearum, which has two distinct sub-populations that are commonly classified into two main chemotypes/genotypes based on their propensity to form trichothecene derivatives, namely 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON). Materials and methods We used a panel of 13 DNA markers to perform species and ADON genotype identification for 55, 444 wheat kernels from 7, 783 samples originating from across Canada from 2014 to 2020. Results and discussion Based on single-seed analyses, we demonstrate the relationships between Fusarium species and trichothecene chemotype with sample year, sample location, wheat species (hexaploid and durum wheat), severity of Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and accumulation of DON. Results indicate that various Fusarium species are present across wheat growing regions in Canada; however, F. graminearum is the most common species and 3-ADON the most common genotype. We observed an increase in the occurrence of the 3-ADON genotype, particularly in the western Prairie regions. Our data provides important information on special-temporal trends in Fusarium species and chemotypes that can aid with the implementation of integrated disease management strategies to control the detrimental effects of this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Bamforth
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tiffany Chin
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tehreem Ashfaq
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Kerri Pleskach
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Plant Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shimosh Kurera
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Microbiology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sung-Jong Lee
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bhaktiben Patel
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Julius-Maximilian-University, Core Unit Systems Medicine, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Plant Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang W, Danilova T, Zhang M, Ren S, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Zhong S, Dykes L, Fiedler J, Xu S, Frels K, Wegulo S, Boehm J, Cai X. Cytogenetic and genomic characterization of a novel tall wheatgrass-derived Fhb7 allele integrated into wheat B genome. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4409-4419. [PMID: 36201026 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We identified and integrated the novel FHB-resistant Fhb7The2 allele into wheat B genome and made it usable in both common and durum wheat breeding programs without yellow flour linkage drag. A novel tall wheatgrass-derived (Thinopyrum elongatum, genome EE) Fhb7 allele, designated Fhb7The2, was identified and integrated into the wheat B genome through a small 7B-7E translocation (7BS·7BL-7EL) involving the terminal regions of the long arms. Fhb7The2 conditions significant Type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. Integration of Fhb7The2 into the wheat B genome makes this wild species-derived FHB resistance gene usable for breeding in both common and durum wheat. By contrast, other Fhb7 introgression lines involving wheat chromosome 7D can be utilized only in common wheat breeding programs, not in durum wheat. Additionally, we found that Fhb7The2 does not have the linkage drag of the yellow flour pigment gene that is tightly linked to the decaploid Th. ponticum-derived Fhb7 allele Fhb7Thp. This will further improve the utility of Fhb7The2 in wheat breeding. DNA sequence analysis identified 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Fhb7The2, Fhb7Thp, and another Th. elongatum-derived Fhb7 allele Fhb7The1, which led to seven amino acid conversions in Fhb7The2, Fhb7Thp, and Fhb7The1, respectively. However, no significant variation was observed in their predicted protein configuration as a glutathione transferase. Diagnostic DNA markers were developed specifically for Fhb7The2. The 7EL segment containing Fhb7The2 in the translocation chromosome 7BS·7BL-7EL exhibited a monogenic inheritance pattern in the wheat genetic background. This will enhance the efficacy of marker-assisted selection for Fhb7The2 introgression, pyramiding, and deployment in wheat germplasm and varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
- Departments of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Tatiana Danilova
- Wheat, Sorghum & Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Departments of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Shuangfeng Ren
- Departments of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Xianwen Zhu
- Departments of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Departments of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Linda Dykes
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jason Fiedler
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Steven Xu
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Katherine Frels
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Stephen Wegulo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Jeffrey Boehm
- Wheat, Sorghum & Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Xiwen Cai
- Wheat, Sorghum & Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jbir TG, Crutcher FK, Rickertsen J, Fonseka D, Friskop AJ, Kalil AK. Influence of Planting Date and Cultivar on Diseases of Spring Durum Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3083-3090. [PMID: 35612573 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0548-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the semiarid regions of North Dakota and Montana, low annual precipitation favors production of high-quality durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum). However, conducive weather conditions for disease epidemics have occurred more frequently in recent years. Modification of planting date can reduce disease risk by decreasing the timeframe in which a susceptible crop overlaps with conducive disease conditions. The effect of planting date on fungal leaf spotting diseases (leaf spot), ergot, Fusarium head blight (FHB), and yield of durum was evaluated in 11 experiments across four sites in eastern Montana and western North Dakota. Six durum cultivars with differing levels of susceptibility to leaf spot and FHB were planted at three planting dates from 2017 to 2019. Early planting maximized yield and influenced ergot incidence. Although there was no effect of planting date, reduced susceptibility to leaf spot and FHB was associated with a reduction in leaf spotting disease severity and deoxynivalenol, respectively, in the harvested grain. Growers in the semiarid regions of these states should prioritize the selection of disease-resistant cultivars to help manage sporadic disease outbreaks and continue to plant early to maximize yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taheni Gargouri Jbir
- Williston Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Williston, ND 58801
| | - Frankie K Crutcher
- Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, Sidney, MT 59270
| | - John Rickertsen
- Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger, ND 58639
| | - Dimitri Fonseka
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Andrew J Friskop
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Audrey K Kalil
- Williston Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Williston, ND 58801
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martín I, Gálvez L, Guasch L, Palmero D. Fungal Pathogens and Seed Storage in the Dry State. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223167. [PMID: 36432896 PMCID: PMC9697778 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Seeds can harbor a wide range of microorganisms, especially fungi, which can cause different sanitary problems. Seed quality and seed longevity may be drastically reduced by fungi that invade seeds before or after harvest. Seed movement can be a pathway for the spread of diseases into new areas. Some seed-associated fungi can also produce mycotoxins that may cause serious negative effects on humans, animals and the seeds themselves. Seed storage is the most efficient and widely used method for conserving plant genetic resources. The seed storage conditions used in gene banks, low temperature and low seed moisture content, increase seed longevity and are usually favorable for the survival of seed-borne mycoflora. Early detection and identification of seed fungi are essential activities to conserve high-quality seeds and to prevent pathogen dissemination. This article provides an overview of the characteristics and detection methods of seed-borne fungi, with a special focus on their potential effects on gene bank seed conservation. The review includes the following aspects: types of seed-borne fungi, paths of infection and transmission, seed health methods, fungi longevity, risk of pathogen dissemination, the effect of fungi on seed longevity and procedures to reduce the harmful effects of fungi in gene banks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Martín
- Plant Genetic Resource Centre (CRF), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Gálvez
- Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Guasch
- Plant Genetic Resource Centre (CRF), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Daniel Palmero
- Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu K, Chen X, Yao X, An Y, Wang X, Qin L, Li X, Wang Z, Liu S, Sun Z, Zhang L, Chen L, Li B, Liu B, Wang W, Ding X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Zou S, Dong H. Phosphorylation of a wheat aquaporin at two sites enhances both plant growth and defense. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1772-1789. [PMID: 36207815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes, but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown. Here, we report that the wheat (Triticum aestivum) aquaporin TaPIP2;10 undergoes phosphorylation to promote photosynthesis and productivity and to confer innate immunity against pathogens and a generalist aphid pest. In response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at the serine residue S280 and thereafter transports CO2 into wheat cells, resulting in enhanced photosynthesis and increased grain yield. In response to apoplastic H2O2 induced by pathogen or insect attacks, TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at S121 and this phosphorylated form transports H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where H2O2 intensifies host defenses, restricting further attacks. Wheat resistance and grain yield could be simultaneously increased by TaPIP2;10 overexpression or by expressing a TaPIP2;10 phosphomimic with aspartic acid substitutions at S121 and S280, thereby improving both crop productivity and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lina Qin
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zuodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhimao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Baoyan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection & Resource and Environment, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Baoyou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection & Resource and Environment, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Weiyang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China.
| | - Shenshen Zou
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang S, Zhang J, Nzabanita C, Zhang M, Nie J, Guo L. Fungal Virus, FgHV1-Encoded p20 Suppresses RNA Silencing through Single-Strand Small RNA Binding. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1171. [PMID: 36354938 PMCID: PMC9693516 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal viruses are widespread in fungi infecting plants, insects and animals. High-throughput sequencing has rapidly led to the discovery of fungal viruses. However, the interactive exploration between fungi and viruses is relatively limited. RNA silencing is the fundamental antivirus pathway in fungi. Fusarium graminearum small RNA (sRNA) pattern was regulated by Fusarium graminearum hypovirus 1 (FgHV1) infection, indicating the activation of RNA silencing in virus defense. In this study, we focused on the function of an uncharacterized protein sized at 20 kD (p20) encoded by FgHV1. In the agro-infiltration assay, p20 was identified as a novel fungal RNA silencing suppressor. p20 can block systemic RNA silencing signals besides local RNA silencing suppression. We further elucidated the RNA silencing suppression mechanism of p20. The single-strand sRNA, instead of double-strand sRNA, can be incorporated by p20 in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. p20 binds sRNA originating from virus and non-virus sources in a non-sequence-specific manner. In addition, The F. graminearum 22 and 23-nt sRNA abundance and pathways related to RNA processing and redox regulation were regulated by p20. Our study revealed the first fungal virus-encoded RNA silencing suppressor with sRNA binding capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Clement Nzabanita
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jianhua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Y, Zhang R, Tong E, Wu P, Chen J, Zhao D, Pan X, Wang J, Wu X, Zhang H, Qi X, Wu Y, Fang L, Zhou B. Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Deoxynivalenol and Its Acetylated Derivatives from Grains and Grain Products in Zhejiang Province, China (2017–2020). Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090586. [PMID: 36136524 PMCID: PMC9501392 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) together with its acetylated derivatives cause detrimental effects on human health, and the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of DON and its acetylated derivatives from grains and grain products in Zhejiang province, China, and to assess the risk of DON and its acetylated derivatives due to multiple consumptions of grains and grain products among the Zhejiang population. Food samples numbering 713 were collected, and the LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the toxins. The levels of toxins from grains and grain products were relatively low: DON was the toxin at the highest levels. The food frequency questionnaire was used to collect food consumption data. The result of exposure assessments showed that the population was overall at low levels of toxin exposure. The probable mean group daily intake of toxins was 0.21 μg/kg bw/day, which was far from the group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 1 μg/kg bw/day, but 0.71% of participants were at high exposure levels. Rice and dried noodles (wheat-based food) were the main sources of toxin exposure, and reducing the consumption of rice and dried noodles while consuming more of other foods with lower levels of toxins is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Enyu Tong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Pinggu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jikai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Hexiang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-15268588228 (B.Z.); +86-15168287896 (L.F.); +86-13588719343 (Y.W.)
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-15268588228 (B.Z.); +86-15168287896 (L.F.); +86-13588719343 (Y.W.)
| | - Biao Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (L.F.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-15268588228 (B.Z.); +86-15168287896 (L.F.); +86-13588719343 (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li K, Yu D, Yan Z, Liu N, Fan Y, Wang C, Wu A. Exploration of Mycotoxin Accumulation and Transcriptomes of Different Wheat Cultivars during Fusarium graminearum Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070482. [PMID: 35878220 PMCID: PMC9318452 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide, and can cause Fusarium head blight (FHB). F. graminearum infection and mycotoxin production mainly present in wheat and can be influenced by environmental factors and wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of wheat cultivars and interacting conditions of temperature and water activity (aw) on mycotoxin production by two strains of F. graminearum and investigate the response mechanisms of different wheat cultivars to F. graminearum infection. In this regard, six cultivars of wheat spikes under field conditions and three cultivars of post-harvest wheat grains under three different temperature conditions combined with five water activity (aw) conditions were used for F. graminearum infection in our studies. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis showed significant differences in the concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivative deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) resulting from wheat cultivars and environmental factors. Transcriptome profiles of wheat infected with F. graminearum revealed the lower expression of disease defense-factor-related genes, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)-encoding genes and hypersensitivity response (HR)-related genes of infected Annong 0711 grains compared with infected Sumai 3 grains. These findings demonstrated the optimal temperature and air humidity resulting in mycotoxin accumulation, which will be beneficial in determining the conditions of the relative level of risk of contamination with FHB and mycotoxins. More importantly, our transcriptome profiling illustrated differences at the molecular level between wheat cultivars with different FHB resistances, which will lay the foundation for further research on mycotoxin biosynthesis of F. graminearum and regulatory mechanisms of wheat to F. graminearum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Li
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Dianzhen Yu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Zheng Yan
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Liu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China; (Y.F.); (C.W.)
| | - Aibo Wu
- SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (K.L.); (D.Y.); (Z.Y.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54920716
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Impact of Quality Improvement and Milling Innovations on Durum Wheat and End Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121796. [PMID: 35741994 PMCID: PMC9223010 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are long-standing established intrinsic quality requirements of end products made from durum wheat semolina, with color, textural, and cooking properties of pasta and couscous representing persistent key attributes for consumers. Over time, traditional efforts to advance development in these areas with respect to raw material, equipment, and process improvements have been influenced by growing awareness of issues around food safety, health and nutrition, and climate change, necessitating that development strategies incorporate specific considerations relating to safety, traceability, and sustainability. We examined improvements in durum wheat quality and innovations in milling and the resulting impact on product quality in light of these considerations, which are now fundamental to the planning and development of any food process, as required by consumers and regulators alike.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas-Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke HH, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Czwienczek E, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Fusarium pseudograminearum. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07399. [PMID: 35784814 PMCID: PMC9241552 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Fusarium pseudograminearum O'Donnell & T. Aoki. F. pseudograminearum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen, able to cause a disease known as Fusarium crown rot (FCR, also known as foot and root rot) and occasionally Fusarium head blight on small grain cereals, particularly Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L. spp. durum (Dest.), Hordeum vulgare L. and triticale (xTriticosecale). In addition, F. pseudograminearum has been isolated from soybean (Glycine max L.) and from some grass genera, such as Phalaris, Agropyron and Bromus, which represent potentially important inoculum reservoirs. This pathogen has been reported in arid and semi-arid cropping regions in Australia, New Zealand, North and South America, northern Africa and South Africa, the Middle East and Asia. In the EU, it has been reported in Italy since 1994 and later in Spain on field-grown durum wheat, but uncertainty remains regarding the actual distribution of the pathogen in the EU. The pathogen is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Seeds of host plants and soil and other substrates are the main pathways for the entry and spread of the pathogen into the EU. There are no reports of interceptions of F. pseudograminearum in the EU. Host availability and climate suitability occurring in the EU favour establishment of the pathogen and allow it to establish in areas from which it has not been reported. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into the EU, and additional measures are available to mitigate the risk of spread. In the non-EU areas of its present distribution, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts (e.g. wheat, barley, triticale and soybean) that are also relevant for the EU. However, no crop losses have been reported so far in the EU. The Panel concludes that F. pseudograminearum satisfies all the criteria to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zheng N, Li G, Zhang K, Zheng H, Yang J, Yan K, Shi C, Su Z, Chen F, Wang D, Zheng H. Analysis of Fhb1 gene and resistance to Fusarium head blight in 3,177 diverse wheat accessions. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
27
|
Contamination of durum wheat lines kernels with Fusarium species and deoxynivalenol. ZBORNIK MATICE SRPSKE ZA PRIRODNE NAUKE 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/zmspn2243027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in seven durum
wheat lines kernel (six domestic durum lines ZP 16, ZP 34, ZP 41, ZP 74, ZP
120, ZP DSP 66, and one international durum line Cimmyt 7817) during two
harvest seasons (2015-2016) has been studied. The four Fusarium species, F.
graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. verticillioides,
were identified in 2015. A different structure of the Fusarium population,
which in addition to F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides and F.
verticillioides, also comprised F. poae, F. semitectum, and F. subglutinans,
was identified in 2016. F. graminearum was the predominant species in the
durum wheat lines kernels and the potential producer of DON. The other
Fusarium spp. were isolated sporadically and with a low incidence in the
kernels. The incidence of F. graminearum and DON levels were significantly
affected by the wheat genotypes and studied years and these parameters were
negatively correlated. The incidence of F. graminearum was significantly
higher in 2015 (75.86%) than in 2016 (63.43%), while the level of DON was
significantly higher in 2016 (3.636 mg kg-1) compared to 2015 (1.126 mg
kg-1). Statistically, there was a significantly higher incidence of F.
graminearum in ZP DSP 66 (73.00%) and ZP 120 (72.75%) durum wheat lines than
in the other durum genotypes. DON level was the highest in durum wheat line
ZP 120 (3.854 mg kg-1). Considering all treatments tested, the mean DON
level was 2.381 mg kg-1, while the mean incidence of F. graminearum was
69.64%. ?ested durum wheat lines showed susceptibility to F. graminearum,
resulting in high DON levels in kernels. The results obtained suggest the
importance of using the lines with improved resistance to Fusarium head
blight in the breeding programs for new durum wheat cultivars.
Collapse
|
28
|
Oufensou S, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Balmas V, Azara E, Carta P, Migheli Q, Delogu G. Molecular Docking and Comparative Inhibitory Efficacy of Naturally Occurring Compounds on Vegetative Growth and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium culmorum. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110759. [PMID: 34822543 PMCID: PMC8623340 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Fusarium culmorum causes Fusarium head blight in cereals, resulting in yield loss and contamination of the grain by type B trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), and its acetylated derivatives. Synthesis of trichothecenes is driven by a trichodiene synthase (TRI5) that converts farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to trichodiene. In this work, 15 naturally occurring compounds that belong to the structural phenol and hydroxylated biphenyl classes were tested in vitro and in planta (durum wheat) to determine their inhibitory activity towards TRI5. In vitro analysis highlighted the fungicidal effect of these compounds when applied at 0.25 mM. Greenhouse assays showed a strong inhibitory activity of octyl gallate 5, honokiol 13 and the combination propyl gallate 4 + thymol 7 on trichothecene biosynthesis. Docking analyses were run on the 3D model of F. culmorum TRI5 containing the inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) or FPP. Significant ligand affinities with TRI-PPi and TRI-FPP were observed for the same sites for almost all compounds, with 1 and 2 as privileged sites. Octyl gallate 5 and honokiol 13 interacted almost exclusively with sites 1 and 2, by concurrently activating strong H-bonds with common sets of amino acids. These results open new perspectives for the targeted search of naturally occurring compounds that may find practical application in the eco-friendly control of FHB in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Paola Carta
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Leslie JF, Moretti A, Mesterházy Á, Ameye M, Audenaert K, Singh PK, Richard-Forget F, Chulze SN, Ponte EMD, Chala A, Battilani P, Logrieco AF. Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:725. [PMID: 34679018 PMCID: PMC8541216 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Penicillium. Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some end-product processes were the most important at the global level. We also employed the Nominal Group discussion technique to identify and prioritize potential steps forward and to reduce problems associated with human and animal consumption of these grains. Identifying existing and potentially novel mechanisms to effectively manage mycotoxin problems in these grains is essential to ensure the safety of humans and domesticated animals that consume these grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Leslie
- Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Department of Plant Pathology, 1712 Claflin Avenue, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of the Science of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ákos Mesterházy
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Alsókikötő sor 9, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Plant and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico 06600, DF, Mexico;
| | | | - Sofía N. Chulze
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council-National University of Río Cuarto (CONICET-UNRC), 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina;
| | - Emerson M. Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Alemayehu Chala
- College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa 1000, Ethiopia;
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via E. Parmense, 84-29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of the Science of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Evolution of Fusarium Head Blight Management in Wheat: Scientific Perspectives on Biological Control Agents and Crop Genotypes Protocooperation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century, the economically devastating Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease has persistently ravished small grain cereal crops worldwide. Annually, losses globally are in the billions of United States dollars (USD), with common bread wheat and durum wheat accounting for a major portion of these losses. Since the unforgettable FHB epidemics of the 1990s and early 2000s in North America, different management strategies have been employed to treat this disease. However, even with some of the best practices including chemical fungicides and innovative breeding technological advances that have given rise to a spectrum of moderately resistant cultivars, FHB still remains an obstinate problem in cereal farms globally. This is in part due to several constraints such as the Fusarium complex of species and the struggle to develop and employ methods that can effectively combat more than one pathogenic line or species simultaneously. This review highlights the last 100 years of major FHB epidemics in the US and Canada, as well as the evolution of different management strategies, and recent progress in resistance and cultivar development. It also takes a look at protocooperation between specific biocontrol agents and cereal genotypes as a promising tool for combatting FHB.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen L, Wang Y, Miao J, Wang Q, Liu Z, Xie W, Liu X, Feng Z, Cheng S, Chi X, Ge Y. LysR-type transcriptional regulator FinR is required for phenazine and pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis in biocontrol Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain G05. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7825-7839. [PMID: 34562115 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and pyrrolnitrin, the two secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis G05, serve as biocontrol agents that mainly contribute to the growth repression of several fungal phytopathogens. Although some regulators of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid biosynthesis have been identified, the regulatory pathway involving phenazine-1-carboxylic acid synthesis is not fully understood. We isolated a white conjugant G05W03 on X-Gal-containing LB agar during our screening of novel regulator candidates using transposon mutagenesis with a fusion mutant G05Δphz::lacZ as a recipient. By cloning of DNA adjacent to the site of the transposon insertion, we revealed that a LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) gene, finR, was disrupted in the conjugant G05W03. To confirm the regulatory function of FinR, we constructed the finR-knockout mutant G05ΔfinR, G05Δphz::lacZΔfinR, and G05Δprn::lacZΔfinR, using the wild-type strain G05 and its fusion mutant derivatives as recipient strains, respectively. We found that the expressions of phz and prn operons were dramatically reduced in the finR-deleted mutant. With quantification of the production of antifungal metabolites biosynthesized by the finR-negative strain G05ΔfinR, it was shown that FinR deficiency also led to decreased yield of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and pyrrolnitrin. In addition, the pathogen inhibition assay confirmed that the production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid was severely reduced in the absence of FinR. Transcriptional fusions and qRT-PCR verified that FinR could positively govern the transcription of the phz and prn operons. Taken together, FinR is required for antifungal metabolite biosynthesis and crop protection against some fungal pathogens.Key points• A novel regulator FinR was identified by transposon mutagenesis.• FinR regulates antifungal metabolite production.• FinR regulates the phz and prn expression by binding to their promoter regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.,The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jing Miao
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Qijun Wang
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Zili Liu
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Wenqi Xie
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.,The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Zhibin Feng
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China.,Biological Fermentation and Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Shiwei Cheng
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China.,Biological Fermentation and Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chi
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Yihe Ge
- The Department of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China. .,Biological Fermentation and Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fu W, Wang E, Ke D, Yang H, Chen L, Shao J, Hu X, Xu L, Liu N, Hou T. Discovery of a Novel Fusarium Graminearum Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (FgGpmk1) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Fusarium Head Blight. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13841-13852. [PMID: 34519507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase FgGpmk1 plays vital roles in the development and virulence of Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), the causative agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). However, to date, the druggability of FgGpmk1 still needs verification, and small molecules targeting FgGpmk1 have never been reported. Here, we reported the discovery of a novel inhibitor 94 targeting FgGpmk1. First, a novel hit (compound 21) with an EC50 value of 13.01 μg·mL-1 against conidial germination of F. graminearum was identified through virtual screening. Then, guided by molecular modeling, compound 94 with an EC50 value of 3.46 μg·mL-1 was discovered, and it can inhibit the phosphorylation level of FgGpmk1 and influence the nuclear localization of its downstream FgSte12. Moreover, 94 can inhibit deoxynivalenol biosynthesis without any damage to the host. This study reported a group of FgGpmk1 inhibitors with a novel scaffold, which paves the way for the development of potent fungicides to FHB management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Fu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ercheng Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Ke
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Zhejiang University, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang W, Boyle K, Brule-Babel A, Fedak G, Gao P, Djama ZR, Polley B, Cuthbert R, Randhawa H, Graf R, Jiang F, Eudes F, Fobert PR. Evaluation of Genomic Prediction for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance with a Multi-Parental Population. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080756. [PMID: 34439988 PMCID: PMC8389552 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Genomic selection is a promising approach to select superior wheat lines with better resistance to Fusarium head blight. The accuracy of genomic selection is determined by many factors. In this study, we found a training population with large size, genomic selection models incorporating biological information, and multi-environment modelling led to considerably better predictabilities. A training population designed by the coefficient of determination (CDmean) could increase accuracy of prediction. Relatedness between training population (TP) and testing population is the key for accuracies of genomic selection across populations. Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is quantitatively inherited, controlled by multiple minor effect genes, and highly affected by the interaction of genotype and environment. This makes genomic selection (GS) that uses genome-wide molecular marker data to predict the genetic breeding value as a promising approach to select superior lines with better resistance. However, various factors can affect accuracies of GS and better understanding how these factors affect GS accuracies could ensure the success of applying GS to improve FHB resistance in wheat. In this study, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of factors that affect GS accuracies with a multi-parental population designed for FHB resistance. We found larger sample sizes could get better accuracies. Training population designed by CDmean based optimization algorithms significantly increased accuracies than random sampling approach, while mean of predictor error variance (PEVmean) had the poorest performance. Different genomic selection models performed similarly for accuracies. Including prior known large effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) as fixed effect into the GS model considerably improved the predictability. Multi-traits models had almost no effects, while the multi-environment model outperformed the single environment model for prediction across different environments. By comparing within and across family prediction, better accuracies were obtained with the training population more closely related to the testing population. However, achieving good accuracies for GS prediction across populations is still a challenging issue for GS application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; (K.B.); (P.G.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Kerry Boyle
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; (K.B.); (P.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Anita Brule-Babel
- Department of Plant Science, Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - George Fedak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (G.F.); (Z.R.D.)
| | - Peng Gao
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; (K.B.); (P.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Zeinab Robleh Djama
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; (G.F.); (Z.R.D.)
| | - Brittany Polley
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; (K.B.); (P.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada;
| | - Harpinder Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (H.R.); (R.G.); (F.J.); (F.E.)
| | - Robert Graf
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (H.R.); (R.G.); (F.J.); (F.E.)
| | - Fengying Jiang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (H.R.); (R.G.); (F.J.); (F.E.)
| | - Francois Eudes
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (H.R.); (R.G.); (F.J.); (F.E.)
| | - Pierre R. Fobert
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (P.R.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mastrangelo AM, Cattivelli L. What Makes Bread and Durum Wheat Different? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:677-684. [PMID: 33612402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat (tetraploid) and bread wheat (hexaploid) are two closely related species with potentially different adaptation capacities and only a few distinct technological properties that make durum semolina and wheat flour more suitable for pasta, or bread and bakery products, respectively. Interspecific crosses and new breeding technologies now allow researchers to develop wheat lines with durum or bread quality features in either a tetraploid or hexaploid genetic background; such lines combine any technological properties of wheat with the different adaptation capacity expressed by tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genomes. Here, we discuss what makes bread and durum wheat different, consider their environmental adaptation capacity and the major quality-related genes that explain the different end-uses of semolina and bread flour and that could be targets for future wheat breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Mastrangelo
- CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, 29017, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Filip E, Skuza L. Horizontal Gene Transfer Involving Chloroplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094484. [PMID: 33923118 PMCID: PMC8123421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT)- is defined as the acquisition of genetic material from another organism. However, recent findings indicate a possible role of HGT in the acquisition of traits with adaptive significance, suggesting that HGT is an important driving force in the evolution of eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. It has been noted that, in eukaryotes, HGT is more prevalent than originally thought. Mitochondria and chloroplasts lost a large number of genes after their respective endosymbiotic events occurred. Even after this major content loss, organelle genomes still continue to lose their own genes. Many of these are subsequently acquired by intracellular gene transfer from the original plastid. The aim of our review was to elucidate the role of chloroplasts in the transfer of genes. This review also explores gene transfer involving mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, though recent studies indicate that chloroplast genomes are far more active in HGT as compared to these other two DNA-containing cellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Filip
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020408. [PMID: 33669359 PMCID: PMC7920256 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is one of the best options to reduce mycotoxin contamination in wheat. This study has aimed to verify that the genotypes with high tolerance to deoxynivalenol could guarantee an overall minimization of the sanitary risk, by evaluating the contamination of regulated, modified and emerging mycotoxins on durum wheat cvs with different degrees of FHB susceptibility, grown under different meteorological conditions, in 8 growing seasons in North-West Italy. The years which were characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall in spring were also those with the highest contamination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, and enniatins. The most FHB resistant genotypes resulted in the lowest contamination of all the mycotoxins but showed the highest deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio and moniliformin/deoxynivalenol ratio. An inverse relationship between the amount of deoxynivalenol and the deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio was recorded for all the cvs and all the years. Conversely, the enniatins/deoxynivalenol ratio had a less intense relationship with cv tolerance to FHB. In conclusion, even though the more tolerant cvs, showed higher relative relationships between modified/emerging mycotoxins and native/target mycotoxins than the susceptible ones, they showed lower absolute levels of contamination of both emerging and modified mycotoxins.
Collapse
|
37
|
Advances in Fusarium drug resistance research. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 24:215-219. [PMID: 33460843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species cause many diseases in plants and humans, which results in a great number of economic losses every year. The management of plant diseases and related human diseases caused by Fusarium is challenging as many kinds of Fusarium may be intrinsically resistant to antifungal drugs, not to mention the fact that they can acquire drug resistance, which is common in clinical practice. To date, the drug resistance of Fusarium is mainly related to target alterations, drug efflux and biofilm formation. This article reviews recent studies related to the mechanism of Fusarium resistance, and summarizes the key molecules affecting resistance.
Collapse
|
38
|
Nilsen KT, Walkowiak S, Kumar S, Molina OI, Randhawa HS, Dhariwal R, Byrns B, Pozniak CJ, Henriquez MA. Histology and RNA Sequencing Provide Insights Into Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in AAC Tenacious. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:570418. [PMID: 33519835 PMCID: PMC7838103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.570418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious fungal disease affecting wheat and other cereals worldwide. This fungus causes severe yield and quality losses from a reduction in grain quality and contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Intensive breeding efforts led to the release of AAC Tenacious, which was the first spring wheat cultivar registered in Canada with a resistant (R) rating to FHB. To elucidate the physiological mechanisms of resistance, we performed histological and transcriptomic analyses of AAC Tenacious and a susceptible control Roblin after inoculation with Fusarium graminearum (Fg). The spikelet and rachis of infected wheat spikes were hand sectioned and monitored by confocal and fluorescent microscopy. Visible hyphae were observed within the inoculated spikelets for AAC Tenacious; however, the infection was largely restricted to the point of inoculation (POI), whereas the adjacent florets in Roblin were heavily infected. Significant cell wall thickening within the rachis node below the POI was evident in AAC Tenacious compared to Roblin in response to Fg inoculation. Rachis node and rachilla tissues from the POI and the rachis node below the POI were collected at 5 days post inoculation for RNAseq. Significant changes in gene expression were detected in both cultivars in response to infection. The rachis node below the POI in AAC Tenacious had fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when compared to the uninoculated control, likely due to its increased disease resistance. Analysis of DEGs in Roblin and AAC Tenacious revealed the activation of genes and pathways in response to infection, including those putatively involved in cell wall modification and defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirby T. Nilsen
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Sean Walkowiak
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Oscar I. Molina
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Harpinder S. Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Raman Dhariwal
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Brook Byrns
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Maria A. Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bentivenga G, Spina A, Ammar K, Allegra M, Cacciola SO. Screening of Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010068. [PMID: 33396264 PMCID: PMC7823612 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019-20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of "Duprì", "Tiziana" and "Dylan" which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfio Spina
- Agricultural Research Council and Economics (CREA)–Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy;
| | - Karim Ammar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz, El Batán, Texcoco 56237, Mexico;
| | - Maria Allegra
- Agricultural Research Council and Economics (CREA)–Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, via S. Sofia n.100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Miedaner T, Boeven ALGC, Gaikpa DS, Kistner MB, Grote CP. Genomics-Assisted Breeding for Quantitative Disease Resistances in Small-Grain Cereals and Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9717. [PMID: 33352763 PMCID: PMC7766114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating genomics-driven knowledge opens a way to accelerate the resistance breeding process by family or population mapping and genomic selection. Important prerequisites are large populations that are genomically analyzed by medium- to high-density marker arrays and extensive phenotyping across locations and years of the same populations. The latter is important to train a genomic model that is used to predict genomic estimated breeding values of phenotypically untested genotypes. After reviewing the specific features of quantitative resistances and the basic genomic techniques, the possibilities for genomics-assisted breeding are evaluated for six pathosystems with hemi-biotrophic fungi: Small-grain cereals/Fusarium head blight (FHB), wheat/Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), maize/Gibberella ear rot (GER) and Fusarium ear rot (FER), maize/Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). Typically, all quantitative disease resistances are caused by hundreds of QTL scattered across the whole genome, but often available in hotspots as exemplified for NCLB resistance in maize. Because all crops are suffering from many diseases, multi-disease resistance (MDR) is an attractive aim that can be selected by specific MDR QTL. Finally, the integration of genomic data in the breeding process for introgression of genetic resources and for the improvement within elite materials is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miedaner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Ana Luisa Galiano-Carneiro Boeven
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht (KWS) SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
| | - David Sewodor Gaikpa
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Maria Belén Kistner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
- Estación Experimental Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC31, B2700WAA Pergamino, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cathérine Pauline Grote
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Updating the Breeding Philosophy of Wheat to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB): Resistance Components, QTL Identification, and Phenotyping-A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121702. [PMID: 33287353 PMCID: PMC7761804 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight has posed continuous risks to wheat production worldwide due to its effects on yield, and the fungus provides additional risks with production of toxins. Plant resistance is thought to be the most powerful method. The host plant resistance is complex, Types I–V were reported. From the time of spraying inoculation (Type I), all resistance types can be identified and used to determine the total resistance. Type II resistance (at point inoculation) describes the spread of head blight from the ovary to the other parts of the head. Therefore, it cannot solve the resistance problem alone. Type II QTL (quantitative trait locus) Fhb1 on 3BS from Sumai 3 descendant CM82036 secures about the same resistance level as Type I QTL does on 5AS and 5ASc in terms of visual symptoms, FDK (Fusarium damaged kernel), and deoxynivalenol response. Recently, increasing evidence supports the association of deoxynivalenol (DON) content and low kernel infection with FHB (Fusarium head blight) resistance (Types III and IV), as QTL for individual resistance types has been identified. In plant breeding practice, the role of visual selection remains vital, but the higher correlations for FDK/DON make it possible to select low-DON genotypes via FDK value. For phenotyping, the use of more independent inocula (isolates or mixtures) makes resistance evaluation more reliable. The large heterogeneity of the mapping populations is a serious source of underestimating genetic effects. Therefore, the increasing of homogeneity is a necessity. As no wheat varieties exist with full resistance to FHB, crops must be supported by proper agronomy and fungicide use.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang W, Boyle K, Brûlé-Babel AL, Fedak G, Gao P, Robleh Djama Z, Polley B, Cuthbert RD, Randhawa HS, Jiang F, Eudes F, Fobert PR. Genetic Characterization of Multiple Components Contributing to Fusarium Head Blight Resistance of FL62R1, a Canadian Bread Wheat Developed Using Systemic Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580833. [PMID: 33193525 PMCID: PMC7649146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of small-grain cereals that results in severe yield and quality losses. FHB resistance is controlled by resistance components including incidence, field severity, visual rating index, Fusarium damaged kernels (FDKs), and the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Resistance conferred by each of these components is partial and must be combined to achieve resistance sufficient to protect wheat from yield losses. In this study, two biparental mapping populations were analyzed in Canadian FHB nurseries and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapped for the traits listed above. Nine genomic loci, on 2AS, 2BS, 3BS, 4AS, 4AL, 4BS, 5AS, 5AL, and 5BL, were enriched for the majority of the QTL controlling FHB resistance. The previously validated FHB resistance QTL on 3BS and 5AS affected resistance to severity, FDK, and DON in these populations. The remaining seven genomic loci colocalize with flowering time and/or plant height QTL. The QTL on 4B was a major contributor to all field resistance traits and plant height in the field. QTL on 4AL showed contrasting effects for FHB resistance between Eastern and Western Canada, indicating a local adapted resistance to FHB. In addition, we also found that the 2AS QTL contributed a major effect for DON, and the 2BS for FDK, while the 5AL conferred mainly effect for both FDK/DON. Results presented here provide insight into the genetic architecture underlying these resistant components and insight into how FHB resistance in wheat is controlled by a complex network of interactions between genes controlling flowering time, plant height, local adaption, and FHB resistance components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kerry Boyle
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - George Fedak
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peng Gao
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zeinab Robleh Djama
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brittany Polley
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Richard D. Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Harpinder S. Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Fengying Jiang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - François Eudes
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Pierre R. Fobert
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fun(gi)omics: Advanced and Diverse Technologies to Explore Emerging Fungal Pathogens and Define Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01020-20. [PMID: 33024032 PMCID: PMC7542357 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01020-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of infectious fungal agents includes previously unidentified or rare pathogens with the potential to cause unprecedented casualties in biodiversity, food security, and human health. The influences of human activity, including the crisis of climate change, along with globalized transport, are underlying factors shaping fungal adaptation to increased temperature and expanded geographical regions. Furthermore, the emergence of novel antifungal-resistant strains linked to excessive use of antifungals (in the clinic) and fungicides (in the field) offers an additional challenge to protect major crop staples and control dangerous fungal outbreaks. The landscape of infectious fungal agents includes previously unidentified or rare pathogens with the potential to cause unprecedented casualties in biodiversity, food security, and human health. The influences of human activity, including the crisis of climate change, along with globalized transport, are underlying factors shaping fungal adaptation to increased temperature and expanded geographical regions. Furthermore, the emergence of novel antifungal-resistant strains linked to excessive use of antifungals (in the clinic) and fungicides (in the field) offers an additional challenge to protect major crop staples and control dangerous fungal outbreaks. Hence, the alarming frequency of fungal infections in medical and agricultural settings requires effective research to understand the virulent nature of fungal pathogens and improve the outcome of infection in susceptible hosts. Mycology-driven research has benefited from a contemporary and unified approach of omics technology, deepening the biological, biochemical, and biophysical understanding of these emerging fungal pathogens. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art multi-omics technologies, explore the power of data integration strategies, and highlight discovery-based revelations of globally important and taxonomically diverse fungal pathogens. This information provides new insight for emerging pathogens through an in-depth understanding of well-characterized fungi and provides alternative therapeutic strategies defined through novel findings of virulence, adaptation, and resistance.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou F, Li DX, Hu HY, Song YL, Fan YC, Guan YY, Song PW, Wei QC, Yan HF, Li CW. Biological Characteristics and Molecular Mechanisms of Fludioxonil Resistance in Fusarium graminearum in China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2426-2433. [PMID: 32658633 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0079-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. The phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil is not currently registered for the management of FHB in China. The current study assessed the fludioxonil sensitivity of a total of 53 F. graminearum isolates collected from the six most important wheat-growing provinces of China during 2018 and 2019. The baseline fludioxonil sensitivity distribution indicated that all of the isolates were sensitive, exhibiting a unimodal cure with a mean effective concentration for 50% inhibition value of 0.13 ± 0.12 μg/ml (standard deviation). Five fludioxonil-resistant mutants were subsequently induced by exposure to fludioxonil under laboratory conditions. Ten successive rounds of subculture in the absence of the selection pressure indicated that the mutation was stably inherited. However, the fludioxonil-resistant mutants were found to have reduced pathogenicity, higher glycerol accumulation, and higher osmotic sensitivity than the parental wild-type isolates, indicating that there was a fitness cost associated with fludioxonil resistance. In addition, the study also found a positive cross resistance between fludioxonil, procymidone, and iprodione, but not with other fungicides such as boscalid, carbendazim, tebuconazole, and fluazinam. Sequence analysis of four candidate target genes (FgOs1, FgOs2, FgOs4, and FgOs5) revealed that the HBXT2R mutant contained two point mutations that resulted in amino acid changes at K223T and K415R in its FgOs1 protein, and one point mutation at residue 520 of its FgOs5 protein that resulted in a premature stop codon. Similarly, the three other mutants contained point mutations that resulted in changes at the K192R, K293R, and K411R residues of the FgOs5 protein but none in the FgOs2 and FgOs4 genes. However, it is important to point out that the FgOs2 and FgOs4 expression of all the fludioxonil-resistant mutants was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated compared with the sensitive isolates (except for the SQ1-2 isolate). It was also found that one of the resistant mutants did not have changes in any of the sequenced target genes, indicating that an alternative mechanism could also lead to fludioxonil resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Fertilizer Developmental and Collaborative Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - D X Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - H Y Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Y L Song
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Fertilizer Developmental and Collaborative Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Y C Fan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Fertilizer Developmental and Collaborative Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Y Y Guan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - P W Song
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Q C Wei
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - H F Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - C W Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang H, Sun S, Ge W, Zhao L, Hou B, Wang K, Lyu Z, Chen L, Xu S, Guo J, Li M, Su P, Li X, Wang G, Bo C, Fang X, Zhuang W, Cheng X, Wu J, Dong L, Chen W, Li W, Xiao G, Zhao J, Hao Y, Xu Y, Gao Y, Liu W, Liu Y, Yin H, Li J, Li X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Ni F, Ma X, Li A, Xu SS, Bai G, Nevo E, Gao C, Ohm H, Kong L. Horizontal gene transfer of Fhb7 from fungus underlies Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Science 2020; 368:science.aba5435. [PMID: 32273397 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease caused by Fusarium species that produce food toxins, currently devastates wheat production worldwide, yet few resistance resources have been discovered in wheat germplasm. Here, we cloned the FHB resistance gene Fhb7 by assembling the genome of Thinopyrum elongatum, a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding. Fhb7 encodes a glutathione S-transferase (GST) and confers broad resistance to Fusarium species by detoxifying trichothecenes through de-epoxidation. Fhb7 GST homologs are absent in plants, and our evidence supports that Th. elongatum has gained Fhb7 through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from an endophytic Epichloë species. Fhb7 introgressions in wheat confers resistance to both FHB and crown rot in diverse wheat backgrounds without yield penalty, providing a solution for Fusarium resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Silong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wenyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lanfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Bingqian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhongfan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Liyang Chen
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shoushen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Peisen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Guiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Cunyao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wenwen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jianwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Luhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wuying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Guilian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jinxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yongchao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Huayan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Fei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Anfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Steven S Xu
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Guihua Bai
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Herbert Ohm
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang L, Chen X, Bhattacharjee P, Shi Y, Guo L, Wang S. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Strain of Fusarium graminearum Virus 1 Infecting Fusarium graminearum. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030357. [PMID: 32213895 PMCID: PMC7150806 DOI: 10.3390/v12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal viruses (mycoviruses) have attracted more attention for their possible hypovirulence (attenuation of fungal virulence) trait, which may be developed as a biocontrol agent of plant pathogenic fungi. However, most discovered mycoviruses are asymptomatic in their hosts. In most cases, mycovirus hypovirulent factors have not been explored clearly. In this study, we characterized a ssRNA mycovirus in Fusarium graminearum strain HB56-9. The complete nucleotide genome was obtained by combining random sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full genome was 6621-nucleotides long, excluding the poly(A) tail. The mycovirus was quite interesting because it shared 95.91% nucleotide identities with previously reported Fusarium graminearum virus 1 strain DK21 (FgV1-DK21), while the colony morphology of their fungal hosts on PDA plates were very different. The novel virus was named Fusarium graminearum virus 1 Chinese isolate (FgV1-ch). Like FgV1-DK21, FgV1-ch also contains four putative open reading frames (ORFs), including one long and three short ORFs. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that FgV1-ch is clustered into a proposed family Fusariviridae. FgV1-ch, unlike FgV1-DK21, had mild or no effects on host mycelial growth, spore production and virulence. The nucleotide differences between FgV1-ch and FgV1-DK21 will help to elucidate the hypovirulence determinants during mycovirus–host interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (P.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (P.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Pallab Bhattacharjee
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (P.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Yue Shi
- Agricultural Trade Promotion Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (P.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Shuangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (X.C.); (P.B.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ruan Y, Zhang W, Knox RE, Berraies S, Campbell HL, Ragupathy R, Boyle K, Polley B, Henriquez MA, Burt A, Kumar S, Cuthbert RD, Fobert PR, Buerstmayr H, DePauw RM. Characterization of the Genetic Architecture for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Durum Wheat: The Complex Association of Resistance, Flowering Time, and Height Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:592064. [PMID: 33424887 PMCID: PMC7786293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.592064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is an economically important crop for Canadian farmers. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases that threatens durum production in Canada. FHB reduces yield and end-use quality and most commonly contaminates the grain with the fungal mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, also known as DON. Serious outbreaks of FHB can occur in durum wheat in Canada, and combining genetic resistance with fungicide application is a cost effective approach to control this disease. However, there is limited variation for genetic resistance to FHB in elite Canadian durum cultivars. To explore and identify useful genetic FHB resistance variation for the improvement of Canadian durum wheat, we assembled an association mapping (AM) panel of diverse durum germplasms and performed genome wide association analysis (GWAS). Thirty-one quantitative trait loci (QTL) across all 14 chromosomes were significantly associated with FHB resistance. On 3BS, a stable QTL with a larger effect for resistance was located close to the centromere of 3BS. Three haplotypes of Fhb1 QTL were identified, with an emmer wheat haplotype contributing to disease susceptibility. The large number of QTL identified here can provide a rich resource to improve FHB resistance in commercially grown durum wheat. Among the 31 QTL most were associated with plant height and/or flower time. QTL 1A.1, 1A.2, 3B.2, 5A.1, 6A.1, 7A.3 were associated with FHB resistance and not associated or only weakly associated with flowering time nor plant height. These QTL have features that would make them good targets for FHB resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Ruan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Wentao Zhang,
| | - Ron E. Knox
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Samia Berraies
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Heather L. Campbell
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Raja Ragupathy
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kerry Boyle
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Brittany Polley
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew Burt
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Richard D. Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Pierre R. Fobert
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ron M. DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technology, Swift Current, SK, Canada
- Retired from Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|