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Cai Y, Qi X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Su H. Lipid profile alterations and biomarker identification in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients under glycemic control. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:149. [PMID: 39135021 PMCID: PMC11318335 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is well-known to trigger a disruption of lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare lipid profile changes in T1DM patients after achieving glucose control and explore the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we seek to identify novel lipid biomarkers associated with T1DM under conditions of glycemic control. METHODS A total of 27 adults with T1DM (age: 34.3 ± 11.2 yrs) who had maintained glucose control for over a year, and 24 healthy controls (age: 35.1 + 5.56 yrs) were recruited. Clinical characteristics of all participants were analyzed and plasma samples were collected for untargeted lipidomic analysis using mass spectrometry. RESULTS We identified 594 lipid species from 13 major classes. Differential analysis of plasma lipid profiles revealed a general decline in lipid levels in T1DM patients with controlled glycemic levels, including a notable decrease in triglycerides (TAGs) and diglycerides (DAGs). Moreover, these T1DM patients exhibited lower levels of six phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and three phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). Random forest analysis determined DAG(14:0/20:0) and PC(18:0/20:3) to be the most prominent plasma markers of T1DM under glycemic control (AUC = 0.966). CONCLUSIONS The levels of all metabolites from the 13 lipid classes were changed in T1DM patients under glycemic control, with TAGs, DAGs, PCs, PEs, and FFAs demonstrating the most significant decrease. This research identified DAG(14:0/20:0) and PC(18:0/20:3) as effective plasma biomarkers in T1DM patients with controled glycemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yongqin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
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2
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Velazquez FN, Luberto C, Canals D, Hannun YA. Enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism as transducers of metabolic inputs. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20231442. [PMID: 39101614 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) constitute a discrete subdomain of metabolism, and they display both structural and signaling functions. Accumulating evidence also points to intimate connections between intermediary metabolism and SL metabolism. Given that many SLs exhibit bioactive properties (i.e. transduce signals), these raise the possibility that an important function of SLs is to relay information on metabolic changes into specific cell responses. This could occur at various levels. Some metabolites are incorporated into SLs, whereas others may initiate regulatory or signaling events that, in turn, modulate SL metabolism. In this review, we elaborate on the former as it represents a poorly appreciated aspect of SL metabolism, and we develop the hypothesis that the SL network is highly sensitive to several specific metabolic changes, focusing on amino acids (serine and alanine), various fatty acids, choline (and ethanolamine), and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola N Velazquez
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Chiara Luberto
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Daniel Canals
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- From the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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3
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Nishimoto K, Okahashi N, Maruyama M, Izumi Y, Nakatani K, Ito Y, Iida J, Bamba T, Matsuda F. Lipidome and metabolome analyses reveal metabolic alterations associated with MCF-7 apoptosis upon 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18549. [PMID: 37899460 PMCID: PMC10613619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) is an anti-cancer drug that induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Although changes in lipid levels and mitochondrial respiration have been observed in OHT-treated cells, the overall mechanisms underlying these metabolic alterations are poorly understood. In this study, time-series metabolomics and lipidomics were used to analyze the changes in metabolic profiles induced by OHT treatment in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Lipidomic and metabolomic analyses revealed increases in ceramide, diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol, and decreases in citrate, respectively. Gene expression analyses revealed increased expression of ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACLY) and subsequent fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting that OHT-treated MCF-7 cells activate citrate-to-lipid metabolism. The significance of the observed metabolic changes was evaluated by co-treating MCF-7 cells with OHT and ACLY or a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor. Co-treatment ameliorated cell death and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential compared to that in OHT treatment alone. The inhibition of cell death by co-treatment with an ACLY inhibitor has been observed in other breast cancer cell lines. These results suggest that citrate-to-lipid metabolism is critical for OHT-induced cell death in breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nishimoto
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okahashi
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Shimadzu Analytical Innovation Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maruyama
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohta Nakatani
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Shimadzu Analytical Innovation Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Junko Iida
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Shimadzu Analytical Innovation Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Shimadzu Analytical Innovation Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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Liu M, Xiao W, Yang F, Wang X, Chen C, Jin S, Ran N, Chen W, Yang D. Case Report: DARS Mutations Responsible for Hypomyelination With Brain Stem and Spinal Cord Involvement and Leg Spasticity. Front Genet 2022; 13:845967. [PMID: 35571067 PMCID: PMC9094363 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.845967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hypomyelination with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity (HBSL) is a rare form of leukodystrophy presenting with varying clinical and imaging features. We report a case of HBSL to investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics of HBSL resulting from cytoplasmic aspartyl-tRNA synthetase gene (DARS) mutations. Subjects: We report a patient of HBSL with compound heterozygous mutations in DARS1. To study the potential genetic variations of the patient, targeted next-generation sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing were used. We reviewed the clinical and radiological features of the patient. The literature was thoroughly evaluated. Results: The patient suffered from developmental regression associated with lower limbs spasticity, developmental delay, and paralysis of the lower limbs since childhood. Decreased T1 and increased T2 signals were observed on the bilateral basal, centrum ovale, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and ganglia in cervical cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient had two compound heterozygous mutations (NM_001349:c.1363T > C and NM_001349:c.821C > G) in the DARS1 gene. Conclusion: Two mutations in DARS1 were found to be associated with HBSL, one of them being reported for the first time. These findings can be valuable for diagnosing and providing genetic counseling to HBSL patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Liu
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuoguo Jin
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningjing Ran
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyin Chen
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Neurology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Bansal P, Singh N, Joshi J, Arora N, Gaur SN. Choline chloride attenuates the allergic airway disease by inhibiting the lysophosphatidylcholine induced response in mouse model. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100109. [PMID: 35707627 PMCID: PMC9188963 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Allergic airway disease manifestation is induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) through CD1d-restricted Natural killer T (NKT) cells. Choline chloride (ChCl) and LPC both have the “choline” moiety in their structure and this may interplay the effect in allergic airway disease pathway. Main methods To test the hypothesis, mice were sensitized with cockroach extract (CE); challenged with CE or exposed to LPC and were given ChCl 1hr later. Key findings A significant increase in Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), total and differential cell count, Th2 cytokines, 8-isoprostanes level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammation score based on lung histology were observed on challenge with CE or exposure to LPC (p < 0.05) indicating LPC induced airway disease manifestation in mice. These parameters were reduced significantly after administering mice with ChCl (p < 0.05). The inflammatory parameters were significantly increased in LPC exposed mice, not sensitized with CE, which were significantly decreased when mice were administered with ChCl demonstrating its role in the inhibition of LPC induced allergic airway disease manifestation. Docking of CD1d with LPC and ChCl indicated the competitive inhibition of LPC induced effect by ChCl. This was validated in vivo in the form of decreased CD1d-restricted NKT cells in BALF and lung of the immunized mice on ChCl administration. There was no effect of ChCl administration on CD1d expression in BALF and lung cells. Significance This study shows that ChCl attenuates the allergic response by inhibiting the LPC induced- NKT cell mediated AHR, inflammation and oxidative stress by competitive inhibition to LPC in binding to CD1d. ChCl down regulates LPC (critical for allergic manifestation) induced response. Results were validated in cockroach extract immunized mice model. In silico studies indicate competitive inhibition to LPC by ChCl in binding to CD1d. In silico results were also validated in vivo in terms of CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Study explains the mechanism of ChCl action against allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bansal
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Singh
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Jayadev Joshi
- Microbial Biotechnology & Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Shailendera N. Gaur
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, V.P.Chest Institue, Delhi University, Delhi, India
- Corresponding author. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Sharif-Alhosein M, Khormali M, Mohammadi F, Amouzade M, Baigi V. Citicoline for traumatic brain injuries: A systematic review and implications for future research. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_51_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Li J, Xin Y, Li J, Chen H, Li H. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: from Functions to Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 14:879-891. [PMID: 37191416 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Locating on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria associated membrane, Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), catalyzes phosphatidylethanolamine methylation to phosphatidylcholine. As the only endogenous pathway for choline biosynthesis in mammals, the dysregulation of PEMT can lead to imbalance of phospholipid metabolism. Dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism in the liver or heart can lead to deposition of toxic lipid species that adversely result in dysfunction of hepatocyte/cardiomyocyte. Studies have shown that PEMT-/- mice increased susceptibility of diet-induced fatty liver and steatohepatitis. However, knockout of PEMT protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis, diet-induced obesity, and insulin resistance. Thus, novel insights to the function of PEMT in various organs should be summarized. Here, we reviewed the structural and functional properties of PEMT, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of obesity, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other conditions.
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9
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Wong HY, Langlotz M, Gan-Schreier H, Xu W, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Liebisch G, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Constitutive oxidants from hepatocytes of male iPLA2β-null mice increases the externalization of phosphatidylethanolamine on plasma membrane. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:625-633. [PMID: 34696671 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1987426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have found that group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) has specificity for hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in mouse livers. Phospholipids (PLs) are transported to plasma membrane and some PLs including PE are externalized to maintain membrane PL asymmetry. Here we demonstrated that hepatocytes of iPLA2β-null (KO) mice showed an increase in PE containing palmitate and oleate. We aimed to examine whether externalization of PE on the outer leaflets could be affected by iPLA2β deficiency and its modulation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or apoptosis. As duramycin has high affinity to PE, we used duramycin conjugated with biotin (DLB) and streptavidin 488 as a probe for detection of externalized PE. Compared to WT, naïve KO hepatocytes showed an increase in both PE externalization and ROS generation. These events were observed in male but not in female KO mice. Hydrogen peroxide or menadione treatment enhanced PE externalization to the same extent for both male/female WT and KO hepatocytes. By indirect immunofluorescence, DLB-streptavidin staining was observed as small punctuated spots on the cell surface of menadione-treated KO hepatocytes. Unlike the reported PS externalization, CD95/FasL treatment did not lead to any increase in PE externalization, and iPLA2β deficiency-dependent PE externalization was also not correlated with apoptosis. Thus, constitutive (but not induced) ROS generation in iPLA2β-deficient hepatocytes leads to PE externalization observed only in male mice. Such PE externalization may imply detrimental effects regarding further oxidation of PE fatty acids and the binding with pathogens on the outer leaflets of hepatocyte plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Langlotz
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Weihong Xu
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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FATP4 inactivation in cultured macrophages attenuates M1- and ER stress-induced cytokine release via a metabolic shift towards triacylglycerides. Biochem J 2021; 478:1861-1877. [PMID: 33900381 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) belongs to a family of acyl-CoA synthetases which activate long-chain fatty acids into acyl-CoAs subsequently used in specific metabolic pathways. Patients with FATP4 mutations and Fatp4-null mice show thick desquamating skin and other complications, however, FATP4 role on macrophage functions has not been studied. We here determined whether the levels of macrophage glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids including ceramides, triacylglycerides, and cytokine release could be altered by FATP4 inactivation. Two in vitro experimental systems were studied: FATP4 knockdown in THP-1-derived macrophages undergoing M1 (LPS + IFNγ) or M2 (IL-4) activation and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from macrophage-specific Fatp4-knockout (Fatp4M-/-) mice undergoing tunicamycin (TM)-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. FATP4-deficient macrophages showed a metabolic shift towards triacylglycerides and were protected from M1- or TM-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular injury. Fatp4M-/- BMDMs showed specificity in attenuating TM-induced activation of inositol-requiring enzyme1α, but not other unfolded protein response pathways. Under basal conditions, FATP4/Fatp4 deficiency decreased the levels of ceramides and induced an up-regulation of mannose receptor CD206 expression. The deficiency led to an attenuation of IL-8 release in THP-1 cells as well as TNF-α and IL-12 release in BMDMs. Thus, FATP4 functions as an acyl-CoA synthetase in macrophages and its inactivation suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by shifting fatty acids towards the synthesis of specific lipids.
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Promraksa B, Katrun P, Phetcharaburanin J, Kittirat Y, Namwat N, Techasen A, Li JV, Loilome W. Metabolic Changes of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells in Response to Coniferyl Alcohol Treatment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030476. [PMID: 33810184 PMCID: PMC8004792 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a major cause of mortality in Northeast Thailand with about 14,000 deaths each year. There is an urgent necessity for novel drug discovery to increase effective treatment possibilities. A recent study reported that lignin derived from Scoparia dulcis can cause CCA cell inhibition. However, there is no evidence on the inhibitory effect of coniferyl alcohol (CA), which is recognized as a major monolignol-monomer forming a very complex structure of lignin. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of CA on CCA cell apoptosis. We demonstrated that a half-inhibitory concentration of CA on KKU-100 cells at 48 h and 72 h was 361.87 ± 30.58 and 268.27 ± 18.61 μg/mL, respectively, and on KKU-213 cells 184.37 ± 11.15 and 151.03 ± 24.99 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, CA induced CCA cell apoptosis as demonstrated by annexin V/PI staining in correspondence with an increase in the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. A metabonomic study indicated that CA significantly decreased the intracellular concentrations of glutathione and succinate in KKU-213 cells and increased dihydrogen acetone phosphate levels in KKU-100 cells treated with 200 µg/mL of CA compared to the control group. In conclusion, CA induced cellular metabolic changes which are involved in the antioxidant defense mechanism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. CA may serve as a potent anticancer agent for CCA treatment by inducing CCA cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bundit Promraksa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (B.P.); (J.P.); (Y.K.); (N.N.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Praewpan Katrun
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Department of Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (B.P.); (J.P.); (Y.K.); (N.N.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- International Phenome Laboratory, Northeastern Science Park, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yingpinyapat Kittirat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (B.P.); (J.P.); (Y.K.); (N.N.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (B.P.); (J.P.); (Y.K.); (N.N.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jia V. Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (B.P.); (J.P.); (Y.K.); (N.N.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Supplementation of fenugreek with choline-docosahexaenoic acid attenuates menopause induced memory loss, BDNF and dendritic arborization in ovariectomized rats. Anat Sci Int 2020; 96:197-211. [PMID: 32944877 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment due to natural or surgical menopause is always associated with estrogen deficiency leading to reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Reduced BDNF levels in menopause affect neuronal maturation, survival, axonal and dendritic arborization and the maintenance of dendritic spine density. Conventional long-term estrogen replacement therapy reported causing the risk of venous thromboembolism and breast cancer. To overcome these undesirable effects, phytoestrogens have been used in menopause-induced condition without the risk of side effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fenugreek seed extract (FG) either alone or in combination with choline-DHA on BDNF and dendritic arborization of pyramidal neurons in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. Female Wistar rats of 9-10 months old were divided into six groups as normal control (NC); ovariectomy (OVX); OVX + FG; OVX + choline-DHA; OVX + FG + choline-DHA; and OVX + estradiol. All the groups, except NC, were ovariectomized. After 2 weeks of ovariectomy, dietary supplementation was initiated for a period of 30 days. After supplementation, behavioral studies, BDNF levels and dendritic arborization were estimated. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats showed reduced BDNF levels, dendritic branching points and dendritic intersections of pyramidal neurons in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. OVX rats supplemented with FG with choline-DHA showed significantly improved BDNF levels, dendritic branching points and dendritic intersections. These results are demonstrating that FG with choline-DHA supplementation can be an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy to modulate menopause-induced learning and memory deficits.
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Molecular and Functional Analysis of Choline Transporters and Antitumor Effects of Choline Transporter-Like Protein 1 Inhibitors in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155190. [PMID: 32707889 PMCID: PMC7432747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline, an organic cation, is one of the biofactors that play an important role in the structure and the function of biological membranes, and it is essential for the synthesis of phospholipids. Choline positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) provides useful information for the imaging diagnosis of cancers, and increased choline accumulation has been identified in a variety of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms of choline uptake and choline transporters in pancreatic cancer have not been elucidated. Here, we examined molecular and functional analyses of choline transporters in human pancreatic-cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 and the elucidation of the action mechanism behind the antitumor effect of novel choline-transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) inhibitors, Amb4269951 and its derivative Amb4269675. CTL1 and CTL2 mRNAs were highly expressed in MIA PaCa-2 cells, and CTL1 and CTL2 proteins were localized in the plasma membrane and the intracellular compartments, respectively. Choline uptake was characterized by Na+-independence, a single-uptake mechanism, and inhibition by choline-uptake inhibitor HC-3, similar to the function of CTL1. These results suggest that the uptake of extracellular choline in MIA PaCa-2 cells is mediated by CTL1. Choline deficiency and HC-3 treatment inhibited cell viability and increased caspase 3/7 activity, suggesting that the inhibition of CTL1 function, which is responsible for choline transport, leads to apoptosis-induced cell death. Both Amb4269951 and Amb4269675 inhibited choline uptake and cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Ceramide, which is increased by inhibiting choline uptake, also inhibited cell survival and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Lastly, both Amb4269951 and Amb4269675 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse-xenograft model without any adverse effects such as weight loss. CTL1 is a target molecule for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, and its inhibitors Amb4269951 and Amb4269675 are novel lead compounds.
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Cinar E, Yuce B, Aslan F, Erbakan G. Neuroprotective Effect of Citicoline Eye Drops on Corneal Sensitivity After LASIK. J Refract Surg 2020; 35:764-770. [PMID: 31830292 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20191021-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accelerator role of a topically administered neuroprotective eye drop (citicoline) on the recovery of corneal sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS In this prospective, controlled study, 78 eyes of 78 patients (mean age: 26.8 ± 7.6 years) were enrolled in the study group and their eyes were treated with topical citicoline three times a day for 1 month postoperatively. Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients (mean age: 26.1 ± 7.4 years) were randomly selected as the control group and their eyes were treated with lubricant hyaluronic acid (0.15%) eye drops three times a day for 1 month. Corneal sensitivity was assessed in both groups using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after the LASIK procedure. RESULTS Corneal sensitivity at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after LASIK was significantly better in the citicoline group than the control group (P < .05 for all). Differences between the groups at 8 and 12 weeks after LASIK were not significant (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Topically administered citicoline eye drops had beneficial effects in the early recovery of corneal sensitivity during the first 6 weeks after LASIK, suggesting that citicoline may play a significant role in accelerating corneal reinnervation. [J Refract Surg. 2019;35(12):764-770.].
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15
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Effect of neuroprotective citicoline eye drops on macular microcirculation. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:2237-2246. [PMID: 32388671 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To use optical coherence tomography (OCTA) examination of the retinal microvascular structures to evaluate the effect of neuroprotective eye drops (citicoline, OMK1®) administered for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study included 45 patients treated with citicoline after LASIK and 48 patients not treated with citicoline after LASIK as a control group. In both groups, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), retinal superficial vascular density (SVD), and deep vascular density (DVD) in the foveal and parafoveal areas were measured preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively using OCTA. RESULTS No significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of preoperative SVD or DVD in the foveal and parafoveal zones and all quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal) (P > 0.05). Similarly, no significant difference was detected between the citicoline group and control group in terms of SVD or DVD in the foveal and parafoveal zones at 1 and 3 months after LASIK (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite their neuroprotective effect, topical citicoline drops had no significant effect on the superficial and deep microvascular structures of the retina or choriocapillaris.
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Multi-technique comparison of atherogenic and MCD NASH models highlights changes in sphingolipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16810. [PMID: 31728041 PMCID: PMC6856196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is a key player in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the present study, we combine histological, transcriptional and lipidomic approaches to dissociate common and specific alterations induced by two classical dietary NASH models (atherogenic (ATH) and methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet) in C57BL/6J male mice. Despite a similar degree of steatosis, MCD-fed mice showed more pronounced liver damage and a worsened pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic environment than ATH-fed mice. Regarding lipid metabolism, the ATH diet triggered hepatic counter regulatory mechanisms, while the MCD diet worsened liver lipid accumulation by a concomitant increase in lipid import and reduction in lipid export. Liver lipidomics revealed sphingolipid enrichment in both NASH models that was accompanied by an upregulation of the ceramide biosynthesis pathway and a significant rise in dihydroceramide levels. In contrast, the phospholipid composition was not substantially altered by the ATH diet, whereas the livers of MCD-fed mice presented a reduced phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine (PC/PE) ratio and a strong depletion in phospholipids containing the sum of 34-36 carbons in their fatty acid chains. Therefore, the assessment of liver damage at the histological and transcriptional level combined with a lipidomic analysis reveals sphingolipids as shared mediators in liver lipotoxicity and pathogenesis of NASH.
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Hedtke V, Bakovic M. Choline transport for phospholipid synthesis: An emerging role of choline transporter-like protein 1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:655-662. [PMID: 30776907 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219830997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This review will provide a summary of recent advances in choline transport research and highlight important novel areas of focus in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hedtke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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18
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Features of the Visual Pathways in Patients with Glaucoma. Clin Neuroradiol 2018; 29:615-621. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-0728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Deoni S, Dean D, Joelson S, O'Regan J, Schneider N. Early nutrition influences developmental myelination and cognition in infants and young children. Neuroimage 2018; 178:649-659. [PMID: 29277402 PMCID: PMC6540800 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout early neurodevelopment, myelination helps provide the foundation for brain connectivity and supports the emergence of cognitive and behavioral functioning. Early life nutrition is an important and modifiable factor that can shape myelination and, consequently, cognitive outcomes. Differences in the nutritional composition between human breast and formula milk may help explain the functional and cognitive disparity often observed between exclusively breast versus formula-fed children. However, past cognitive and brain imaging studies comparing breast and formula feeding are often: cross-sectional; performed in older children and adolescents relying on parental recall of infant feeding; and generally treat formula-fed children as a single group despite the variability between formula compositions. Here we address some of these weakness by examining longitudinal trajectories of brain and neurocognitive development in children who were exclusively breastfed versus formula-fed for at least 3 months. We further examine development between children who received different formula compositions. Results reveal significantly improved overall myelination in breastfed children accompanied by increased general, verbal, and non-verbal cognitive abilities compared to children who were exclusively formula-fed. These differences were found to persist into childhood even with groups matched for important socioeconomic and demographic factors. We also find significant developmental differences depending on formula composition received and that, in particular, long-chain fatty acids, iron, choline, sphingomyelin and folic acid are significantly associated with early myelination trajectories. These results add to the consensus that prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding plays an important role in early neurodevelopment and childhood cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, United States.
| | - Douglas Dean
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Centre, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sarah Joelson
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, United States
| | | | - Nora Schneider
- Nestle Research Centre, Nestec Ltd, Neurodevelopment & Cognition, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Zhao C, Xie P, Yang T, Wang H, Chung ACK, Cai Z. Identification of glycerophospholipid fatty acid remodeling by using mass spectrometry imaging in bisphenol S induced mouse liver. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Nagashima F, Nishiyama R, Iwao B, Kawai Y, Ishii C, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Choline Transporter-Like Proteins in Esophageal Cancer Cells and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:399-408. [PMID: 29223141 PMCID: PMC6029686 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the molecular and functional characterization of choline uptake in the human esophageal cancer cells. In addition, we examined the influence of various drugs on the transport of [3H]choline, and explored the possible correlation between the inhibition of choline uptake and apoptotic cell death. We found that both choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNAs and proteins were highly expressed in esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE series). CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system, which is both Na+-independent and pH-dependent. Choline uptake and cell viability were inhibited by various cationic drugs. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of the potencies of 47 drugs for the inhibition of choline uptake and cell viability showed a strong correlation. Choline uptake inhibitors and choline deficiency each inhibited cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. We conclude that extracellular choline is mainly transported via a CTL1. The functional inhibition of CTL1 by cationic drugs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, CTL2 may be involved in choline uptake in mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis and DNA methylation. Identification of this CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for esophageal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Nagashima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ryohta Nishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Beniko Iwao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuiko Kawai
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Chikanao Ishii
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.,Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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22
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Snider SA, Margison KD, Ghorbani P, LeBlond ND, O'Dwyer C, Nunes JRC, Nguyen T, Xu H, Bennett SAL, Fullerton MD. Choline transport links macrophage phospholipid metabolism and inflammation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11600-11611. [PMID: 29880645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient that is required for synthesis of the main eukaryote phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine. Macrophages are innate immune cells that survey and respond to danger and damage signals. Although it is well-known that energy metabolism can dictate macrophage function, little is known as to the importance of choline homeostasis in macrophage biology. We hypothesized that the uptake and metabolism of choline are important for macrophage inflammation. Polarization of primary bone marrow macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in an increased rate of choline uptake and higher levels of PC synthesis. This was attributed to a substantial increase in the transcript and protein expression of the choline transporter-like protein-1 (CTL1) in polarized cells. We next sought to determine the importance of choline uptake and CTL1 for macrophage immune responsiveness. Chronic pharmacological or CTL1 antibody-mediated inhibition of choline uptake resulted in altered cytokine secretion in response to LPS, which was associated with increased levels of diacylglycerol and activation of protein kinase C. These experiments establish a previously unappreciated link between choline phospholipid metabolism and macrophage immune responsiveness, highlighting a critical and regulatory role for macrophage choline uptake via the CTL1 transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne A Snider
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn D Margison
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Peyman Ghorbani
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicholas D LeBlond
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Conor O'Dwyer
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julia R C Nunes
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Thao Nguyen
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; the Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hongbin Xu
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; the Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; the Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
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23
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Abstract
Ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, are peroxisome-derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the more common diacyl phospholipids. This seemingly simple biochemical change has profound structural and functional implications. Notably, the tendency of ether lipids to form non-lamellar inverted hexagonal structures in model membranes suggests that they have a role in facilitating membrane fusion processes. Ether lipids are also important for the organization and stability of lipid raft microdomains, cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants, and emerging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Here, we review the biology of ether lipids and their potential significance in human disorders, including neurological diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Identification of Excipients for Stabilizing Fiberless Adenovirus as Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1764-1771. [PMID: 28427886 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the promiscuous tropism of native adenovirus by using fiberless adenovirus is advantageous toward its use as a gene therapy vector or vaccine component. The removal of the fiber protein on native adenovirus abrogates several undesirable interactions; however, this approach decreases the particle's physical stability. To create stable fiberless adenovirus for pharmaceutical use, the effects of temperature and pH on the particle's stability profile must be addressed. Our results indicate that the stability of fiberless adenovirus is increased when it is stored in mildly acidic conditions around pH 6. The stability of fiberless adenovirus can be further enhanced by using excipients. Excipient screening results indicate that the nonionic surfactant Pluronic F-68 and the amino acid glycine are potential stabilizers because of their ability to increase the thermal transition temperature of the virus particle and promote retention of biological activity after exposure to prolonged thermal stress. Our data indicate that the instability of fiberless adenovirus can be ameliorated by storing the virus in the appropriate environment, and it should be possible to further optimize the virus so that it can be used as a biopharmaceutical.
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25
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Pellegrinelli V, Campbell M, Oresic M, Vidal-Puig A. Sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids - The "ying and yang" of lipotoxicity in metabolic diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:14-29. [PMID: 28104532 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids in general and ceramides in particular, contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms by modifying signalling and metabolic pathways. Here, we present the available evidence for a bidirectional homeostatic crosstalk between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, whose dysregulation contributes to lipotoxicity induced metabolic stress. The initial evidence for this crosstalk originates from simulated models designed to investigate the biophysical properties of sphingolipids in plasma membrane representations. In this review, we reinterpret some of the original findings and conceptualise them as a sort of "ying/yang" interaction model of opposed/complementary forces, which is consistent with the current knowledge of lipid homeostasis and pathophysiology. We also propose that the dysregulation of the balance between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids results in a lipotoxic insult relevant in the pathophysiology of common metabolic diseases, typically characterised by their increased ceramide/sphingosine pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK.
| | - V Pellegrinelli
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK
| | - M Campbell
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK
| | - M Oresic
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI -20520 Turku, Finland
| | - A Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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Merinas-Amo T, Tasset-Cuevas I, Díaz-Carretero AM, Alonso-Moraga Á, Calahorro F. Role of Choline in the Modulation of Degenerative Processes: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. J Med Food 2017; 20:223-234. [PMID: 28103133 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutraceutical potential of choline as an added value to its well-known brain nutrient role. Several toxicity, antitoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, and longevity endpoints were checked in the somatic mutation and recombination test in in vivo Drosophila animal model. Cytotoxicity in human leukemia-60 cell line (HL-60) promyelocytic and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, proapoptotic DNA fragmentation, comet assay, methylation status, and macroautophagy (MA) activity were tested in in vitro assays. Choline is not only safe but it is also able to protect against the DNA damage caused by an oxidative genotoxin. Moreover, it improves the life extension in the animal model. The in vitro results show that it is able to exhibit genetic damage against leukemia HL-60 cells. Single-strand breaks in DNA are observed at the molecular level in treatments with choline, although only a significant hypermethylation on the long interspersed elements-1 and a hypomethylation on the satellite-alpha DNA repetitive DNA sequences of HL-60 cells at the lowest concentration (0.447 mM) were observed. Besides, choline decreased MA at the lower assayed concentration and the MA response to topoisomerase inhibitor (etoposide) is maintained in the presence of treatment with 0.22 mM choline. Taking into account the hopeful results obtained in the in vivo and in vitro assays, choline could be proposed as a substance with an important nutraceutical value for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inmaculada Tasset-Cuevas
- 2 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College , New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonio M Díaz-Carretero
- 2 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College , New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Fernando Calahorro
- 3 Faculty of Natural and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom
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A Comparative Study on Antioxidant System in Fish Hepatopancreas and Intestine Affected by Choline Deficiency: Different Change Patterns of Varied Antioxidant Enzyme Genes and Nrf2 Signaling Factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169888. [PMID: 28099509 PMCID: PMC5242466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver and intestine are susceptible to the oxidative damage which could result in several diseases. Choline deficiency induced oxidative damage in rat liver cells. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for choline deficiency-induced oxidative damage. Juvenile Jian carp were fed diets differing in choline content [165 (deficient group), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg/kg diet] respectively for 65 days. Oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and related gene expressions in the hepatopancreas and intestine were measured. Choline deficiency decreased choline and phosphatidylcholine contents, and induced oxidative damage in both organs, as evidenced by increased levels of oxidative-stress markers (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine), coupled with decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes [Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)]. However, choline deficiency increased glutathione contents in the hepatopancreas and intestine. Furthermore, dietary choline deficiency downregulated mRNA levels of MnSOD, GPx1b, GST-rho, mGST3 and Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1b) in the hepatopancreas, MnSOD, GPx1b, GPx4a, GPx4b, GST-rho, GST-theta, GST-mu, GST-alpha, GST-pi and GST-kappa in the intestine, as well as intestinal Nrf2 protein levels. In contrast, choline deficiency upregulated the mRNA levels of GPx4a, GPx4b, mGST1, mGST2, GST-theta, GST-mu, Keap1a and PKC in the hepatopancreas, mGST3, nuclear factor erythoid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Keap1a in the intestine, as well as hepatopancreatic Nrf2 protein levels. This study provides new evidence that choline deficiency-induced oxidative damage is associated with changes in the transcription of antioxidant enzyme and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling molecules in the hepatopancreas and intestine. Additionally, this study firstly indicated that choline deficiency induced varied change patterns of different GPx and GST isoforms. Meanwhile, the changes of some GPx and GST isoforms caused by choline deficiency in the intestine were contrary to those in the hepatopancreas.
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Cheng M, Bhujwalla ZM, Glunde K. Targeting Phospholipid Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:266. [PMID: 28083512 PMCID: PMC5187387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All cancers tested so far display abnormal choline and ethanolamine phospholipid metabolism, which has been detected with numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) approaches in cells, animal models of cancer, as well as the tumors of cancer patients. Since the discovery of this metabolic hallmark of cancer, many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular origins of deregulated choline metabolism, to identify targets for cancer treatment, and to develop MRS approaches that detect choline and ethanolamine compounds for clinical use in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Several enzymes in choline, and recently also ethanolamine, phospholipid metabolism have been identified, and their evaluation has shown that they are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Several already established enzymes as well as a number of emerging enzymes in phospholipid metabolism can be used as treatment targets for anticancer therapy, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the current knowledge of established and relatively novel targets in phospholipid metabolism of cancer, covering choline kinase α, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, sphingomyelinases, choline transporters, glycerophosphodiesterases, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and ethanolamine kinase. These enzymes are discussed in terms of their roles in oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, and crucial cancer cell properties such as fast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Their potential as treatment targets are evaluated based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Cheng
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang H, Zheng H, Zhao G, Tang C, Lu S, Cheng B, Wu F, Wei J, Liang Y, Ruan J, Song H, Su Z. Metabolomic study of corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:902-13. [PMID: 26775910 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00642b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been proved to be an important pathogenic factor of some neuropsychiatric disorders. Usually, a classical injury model based on corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity of differentiated rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells was used to stimulate the state of GC damage of hippocampal neurons and investigate its potential mechanisms involved. However, up to now, the mechanism of corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was still looking forward to further elucidation. In this work, the metabolomic study of the biochemical changes caused by corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells with different corticosterone concentrations was performed for the first time, using the ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS). Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that metabolic profiles of different corticosterone treatment groups deviated from the control group. A total of fifteen metabolites were characterized as potential biomarkers involved in corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity, which were corresponding to the dysfunctions of five pathways including glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, oxidation of fatty acids, glycerolipid metabolism and sterol lipid metabolism. This study indicated that the rapid and holistic cell metabolomics approach might be a powerful tool to further study the pathogenesis mechanism of corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hua Zheng
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Chaoling Tang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Shiyin Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Bang Cheng
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Fang Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Yonghong Liang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Junxiang Ruan
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hui Song
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Nguyen TT, Risbud RD, Mattson SN, Chambers CD, Thomas JD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1683-1692. [PMID: 27806977 PMCID: PMC5118735 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.142075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure results in a broad range of cognitive and behavioral impairments. Because of the long-lasting problems that are associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), the development of effective treatment programs is critical. Preclinical animal studies have shown that choline, which is an essential nutrient, can attenuate the severity of alcohol-related cognitive impairments. OBJECTIVE We aimed to translate preclinical findings to a clinical population to investigate whether choline supplementation can ameliorate the severity of memory, executive function, and attention deficits in children with FASDs. DESIGN In the current study, which was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we explored the effectiveness of a choline intervention for children with FASDs who were aged 5-10 y. Fifty-five children with confirmed histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure were randomly assigned to either the choline (n = 29) or placebo (n = 26) treatment arms. Participants in the choline group received 625 mg choline/d for 6 wk, whereas subjects in the placebo group received an equivalent dose of an inactive placebo treatment. Primary outcomes, including the performance on neuropsychological measures of memory, executive function, and attention and hyperactivity, were assessed at baseline and postintervention. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, participants in the choline group did not differentially improve in cognitive performance in any domain. Treatment compliance and mean dietary choline intake were not predictive of treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the current study do not support that choline, administered at a dose of 625 mg/d for 6 wk, is an effective intervention for school-aged (5-10 y old) children with FASDs. This research provides important information about choline's therapeutic window. Combined with other studies of choline and nutritional interventions in this population, this study emphasizes a further need for the continued study of the role of nutritional status and supplementation in children with FASDs and the contributions of nutrition to neurocognition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01911299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Nguyen
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; .,Departments of Psychiatry
| | - Rashmi D Risbud
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Sarah N Mattson
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Pediatrics, and.,Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA; and
| | - Jennifer D Thomas
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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Nishiyama R, Nagashima F, Iwao B, Kawai Y, Inoue K, Midori A, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Identification and functional analysis of choline transporter in tongue cancer: A novel molecular target for tongue cancer therapy. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Li H, Wang H, Yu L, Wang M, Liu S, Sun L, Chen Q. Effects of supplementation of rumen-protected choline on growth performance, meat quality and gene expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of lambs. Arch Anim Nutr 2016; 69:340-50. [PMID: 26305383 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2015.1073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC) on growth performance, blood lipids, meat quality and expression of genes involved in fatty-acid metabolism in young lambs. A total of 24 Dorper × Hu lambs (about 20 kg body weight) were kept in individual pens and fed diets with 0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% RPC for 60 d. Supplementation of 0.25% RPC increased average daily gain of lambs, whereas treatments had no significant effect on feed intake. The pH values of meat were increased at 0.25% RPC and both, dripping loss and shear force of meat, were significantly decreased in RPC-supplemented lambs. No significant changes were observed for dressing percentage and intramuscular fat. RPC supplementations had no significant effect on the concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterols in serum, but the concentration of high-density lipoprotein was decreased at 0.50% RPC and that of low-density lipoprotein was increased at 0.75% RPC. In m. longissimus dorsi, the expressions of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty-acid synthase (FASN) genes were increased at 0.25% RPC. Supplementation of 0.75% RPC increased the expressions of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and FASN genes, decreased the expression of ACC gene and had no effect on CD36 gene. The results of this study showed that supplementation of 0.25% RPC could promote growth performance of lambs and improve meat quality. This may be mediated by effects on blood lipid profiles and the metabolism of fatty acids in skeleton muscles. However, the beneficial effects of 0.25% RPC supplementation need to be validated with a larger number of animals. Higher doses, particularly 0.75% RPC, showed adverse effects on live weight gain and ACC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Li
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
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Le Q, Tabuchi K, Hara A. Ceramide-1-phosphate protection of cochlear hair cells against cisplatin ototoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:450-457. [PMID: 28959567 PMCID: PMC5615927 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is a phosphorylated form of ceramide. While ceramide is known to be an inducer of apoptosis of cochlear hair cells in cisplatin ototoxicity, little is known about the function of C1P in cochlear diseases. PURPOSE The present study was designed to examine whether C1P could protect cochlear hair cells against cisplatin ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Explants of cochlear basal turns collected from C57BL/6J mice at postnatal days 3-5 were used in all experiments. Cochlear explants were exposed to 5 or 10 μM cisplatin for 48 h to assess the effects of C1P, NVP-231 (a ceramide kinase inhibitor), or ceramide. Western blotting of pAkt/Akt and pMAPK/MAPK was examined to check whether this pathway was modulated by C1P. RESULTS C1P activated the Akt and MAPK pathway and significantly reduced cochlear cell death induced by cisplatin. Coadministration of cisplatin and ceramide significantly increased cochlear hair cell death. In addition, when treating cochlear hair cells with NVP-231 in the presence of cisplatin or ceramide, a remarkable increase in apoptosis of hair cells was observed. CONCLUSION The present findings confirmed the protective effects of C1P in the cisplatin ototoxicity. The balance between ceramide and C1P may play a critical role in the determination of hair cell fate in cisplatin ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Le
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.Department of OtolaryngologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukuba305-8575Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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Abstract
Over recent decades, experimental and clinical stroke studies have identified a number of neurorestorative treatments that stimulate neural plasticity and promote functional recovery. In contrast to the acute stroke treatments thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, neurorestorative treatments are still effective when initiated days after stroke onset, which makes them applicable to virtually all stroke patients. In this article, selected physical, pharmacological and cell-based neurorestorative therapies are discussed, with special emphasis on interventions that have already been transferred from the laboratory to the clinical setting. We explain molecular and structural processes that promote neural plasticity, discuss potential limitations of neurorestorative treatments, and offer a speculative viewpoint on how neurorestorative treatments will evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schmidt
- a Department of Neurology , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- a Department of Neurology , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
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van Asten JJA, Vettukattil R, Buckle T, Rottenberg S, van Leeuwen F, Bathen TF, Heerschap A. Increased levels of choline metabolites are an early marker of docetaxel treatment response in BRCA1-mutated mouse mammary tumors: an assessment by ex vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Transl Med 2015; 13:114. [PMID: 25890200 PMCID: PMC4404119 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Docetaxel is one of the most frequently used drugs to treat breast cancer. However, resistance or incomplete response to docetaxel is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to utilize MR metabolomics to identify potential biomarkers of docetaxel resistance in a mouse model for BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Methodology High resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H MR spectroscopy was performed on tissue samples obtained from docetaxel-sensitive or -resistant BRCA1-mutated mammary tumors in mice. Measurements were performed on samples obtained before treatment and at 1-2, 3-5 and 6-7 days after a 25 mg/kg dose of docetaxel. The MR spectra were analyzed by multivariate analysis, followed by analysis of the signals of individual compounds by peak fitting and integration with normalization to the integral of the creatine signal and of all signals between 2.9 and 3.6 ppm. Results The HRMAS spectra revealed significant metabolic differences between sensitive and resistant tissue samples. In particular choline metabolites were higher in resistant tumors by more than 50% with respect to creatine and by more than 30% with respect to all signals between 2.9 and 3.6 ppm. Shortly after treatment (1-2 days) the normalized choline metabolite levels were significantly increased by more than 30% in the sensitive group coinciding with the time of highest apoptotic activity induced by docetaxel. Thereafter, choline metabolites in these tumors returned towards pre-treatment levels. No change in choline compounds was observed in the resistant tumors over the whole time of investigation. Conclusions Relative tissue concentrations of choline compounds are higher in docetaxel resistant than in sensitive BRCA1-mutated mouse mammary tumors, but in the first days after docetaxel treatment only in the sensitive tumors an increase of these compounds is observed. Thus both pre- and post-treatment tissue levels of choline compounds have potential to predict response to docetaxel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J A van Asten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital (NKI-AvL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital (NKI-AvL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Fijs van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Tang K, Guo H, Deng J, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Wang X, Wu B, Li J, Yin S. Inhibitive effects of nickel chloride (NiCl₂) on thymocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:242-52. [PMID: 25547965 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the inhibitive effects of dietary nickel chloride (NiCl2) on thymocytes in broilers fed on diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days. We examined the changes of cell cycle phase, percentages of apoptotic cells, T cell subsets, cytokines, and mRNA expression of apoptotic proteins (bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3) in thymocytes by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In the NiCl2-treated broilers, the percentages of thymocytes in G0/G1 phase were increased, whereas thymocytes in the S phase and the proliferation index were decreased. The percentages of apoptotic thymocytes were increased. Also, the mRNA expression levels of bax and caspase-3 were increased, and mRNA expression levels of bcl-2 were decreased. The percentages of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD4(+), and CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the thymus and peripheral blood were diminished. Concurrently, thymic cytokine (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 p35 subunit (IL-12p35), interleukin-12 p40 subunit (IL-12p40), interleukin-21 (IL-21), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), thymosin β4, thymosin β10, and thymosin β15) mRNA expression levels were decreased. The abovementioned results showed that dietary NiCl2 in excess of 300 mg/kg inhibited thymocyte growth by arresting cell cycle, increasing apoptosis percentage, altering apoptotic protein mRNA expression levels, and downregulating cytokine expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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Lodhi IJ, Wei X, Yin L, Feng C, Adak S, Abou-Ezzi G, Hsu FF, Link DC, Semenkovich CF. Peroxisomal lipid synthesis regulates inflammation by sustaining neutrophil membrane phospholipid composition and viability. Cell Metab 2015; 21:51-64. [PMID: 25565205 PMCID: PMC4287274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is altered in metabolic disorders and cancer. Conventional FAS null mice die in utero, so effects of whole-body inhibition of lipogenesis following development are unknown. Inducible global knockout of FAS (iFASKO) in mice was lethal due to a disrupted intestinal barrier and leukopenia. Conditional loss of FAS was associated with the selective suppression of granulopoiesis without disrupting granulocytic differentiation. Transplantation of iFASKO bone marrow into wild-type mice followed by Cre induction resulted in selective neutrophil depletion, but not death. Impaired lipogenesis increased ER stress and apoptosis in neutrophils by preferentially decreasing peroxisome-derived membrane phospholipids containing ether bonds. Inducible global knockout of PexRAP, a peroxisomal enzyme required for ether lipid synthesis, also produced neutropenia. FAS knockdown in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells caused cell loss that was partially rescued by ether lipids. Inhibiting ether lipid synthesis selectively constrains neutrophil development, revealing an unrecognized pathway in immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaochao Wei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chu Feng
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Grazia Abou-Ezzi
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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NMR spectroscopy of human eye tissues: a new insight into ocular biochemistry. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:546192. [PMID: 25525621 PMCID: PMC4265547 DOI: 10.1155/2014/546192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The human eye is a complex organ whose anatomy and functions has been described very well to date. Unfortunately, the knowledge of the biochemistry and metabolic properties of eye tissues varies. Our objective was to reveal the biochemical differences between main tissue components of human eyes. Methods. Corneas, irises, ciliary bodies, lenses, and retinas were obtained from cadaver globes 0-1/2 hours postmortem of 6 male donors (age: 44–61 years). The metabolic profile of tissues was investigated with HR MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results. A total of 29 metabolites were assigned in the NMR spectra of the eye tissues. Significant differences between tissues were revealed in contents of the most distant eye-tissues, while irises and ciliary bodies showed minimal biochemical differences. ATP, acetate, choline, glutamate, lactate, myoinositol, and taurine were identified as the primary biochemical compounds responsible for differentiation of the eye tissues. Conclusions. In this study we showed for the first time the results of the analysis of the main human eye tissues with NMR spectroscopy. The biochemical contents of the selected tissues seemed to correspond to their primary anatomical and functional attributes, the way of the delivery of the nutrients, and the location of the tissues in the eye.
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Maldonado EN, Delgado I, Furland NE, Buqué X, Iglesias A, Aveldaño MI, Zubiaga A, Fresnedo O, Ochoa B. The E2F2 transcription factor sustains hepatic glycerophospholipid homeostasis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112620. [PMID: 25396754 PMCID: PMC4232400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links metabolic signals to cell proliferation, but the molecular wiring that connects the two core machineries remains largely unknown. E2Fs are master regulators of cellular proliferation. We have recently shown that E2F2 activity facilitates the completion of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) by regulating the expression of genes required for S-phase entry. Our study also revealed that E2F2 determines the duration of hepatectomy-induced hepatic steatosis. A transcriptomic analysis of normal adult liver identified “lipid metabolism regulation” as a major E2F2 functional target, suggesting that E2F2 has a role in lipid homeostasis. Here we use wild-type (E2F2+/+) and E2F2 deficient (E2F2−/−) mice to investigate the in vivo role of E2F2 in the composition of liver lipids and fatty acids in two metabolically different contexts: quiescence and 48-h post-PH, when cellular proliferation and anabolic demands are maximal. We show that liver regeneration is accompanied by large triglyceride and protein increases without changes in total phospholipids both in E2F2+/+ and E2F2−/− mice. Remarkably, we found that the phenotype of quiescent liver tissue from E2F2−/− mice resembles the phenotype of proliferating E2F2+/+ liver tissue, characterized by a decreased phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and a reprogramming of genes involved in generation of choline and ethanolamine derivatives. The diversity of fatty acids in total lipid, triglycerides and phospholipids was essentially preserved on E2F2 loss both in proliferating and non-proliferating liver tissue, although notable exceptions in inflammation-related fatty acids of defined phospholipid classes were detected. Overall, our results indicate that E2F2 activity sustains the hepatic homeostasis of major membrane glycerolipid components while it is dispensable for storage glycerolipid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Igotz Delgado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Natalia E. Furland
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Xabier Buqué
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Iglesias
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta I. Aveldaño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana Zubiaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Jiang X, Jones S, Andrew BY, Ganti A, Malysheva OV, Giallourou N, Brannon PM, Roberson MS, Caudill MA. Choline inadequacy impairs trophoblast function and vascularization in cultured human placental trophoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1016-27. [PMID: 24647919 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Maternal choline intake during gestation may influence placental function and fetal health outcomes. Specifically, we previously showed that supplemental choline reduced placental and maternal circulating concentrations of the anti-angiogenic factor, fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1), in pregnant women as well as sFLT1 production in cultured human trophoblasts. The current study aimed to quantify the effect of choline on a wider array of biomarkers related to trophoblast function and to elucidate possible mechanisms. Immortalized HTR-8/SVneo trophoblasts were cultured in different choline concentrations (8, 13, and 28 µM [control]) for 96-h and markers of angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, and blood vessel formation were examined. Choline insufficiency altered the angiogenic profile, impaired in vitro angiogenesis, increased inflammation, induced apoptosis, increased oxidative stress, and yielded greater levels of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms δ and ϵ possibly through increases in the PKC activators 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol. Notably, the addition of a PKC inhibitor normalized angiogenesis and apoptosis, and partially rescued the aberrant gene expression profile. Together these results suggest that choline inadequacy may contribute to placental dysfunction and the development of disorders related to placental insufficiency by activating PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Jiang
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Sharma S, Litonjua A. Asthma, allergy, and responses to methyl donor supplements and nutrients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1246-54. [PMID: 24360248 PMCID: PMC4004707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
After a brief period of stabilization, recent data have shown that the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases continues to increase. Atopic diseases are major public health problems resulting in significant disability and resource use globally. Although environmental factors influence the development of atopic disease, dietary changes might partially explain the high burden of atopic disease. Potential mechanisms through which diet is suspected to effect asthma and allergy susceptibility are through epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation. Dietary methyl donors are important in the one-carbon metabolic pathway that is essential for DNA methylation. Findings from both observational studies and interventional trials of dietary methyl donor supplementation on the development and treatment of asthma and allergy have produced mixed results. Although issues related to the differences in study design partially explain the heterogeneous results, 2 other issues have been largely overlooked in these studies. First, these nutrients affect one of many pathways and occur in many of the same foods. Second, it is now becoming clear that the human intestinal microbiome is involved in the metabolism and production of the B vitamins and other methyl donor nutrients. Future studies will need to account for both the interrelationships between these nutrients and the effects of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Augusto Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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Inazu M. Choline transporter-like proteins CTLs/SLC44 family as a novel molecular target for cancer therapy. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2014; 35:431-49. [PMID: 24532461 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Choline is essential for the synthesis of the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), the methyl donor betaine and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Elevated levels of choline and up-regulated choline kinase activity have been detected in various cancers. Thus, the intracellular accumulation of choline through choline transporters is the rate-limiting step in phospholipid metabolism and a prerequisite for cancer cell proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in choline uptake and choline phospholipid metabolism in cancer cells using the imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The aberrant choline metabolism in cancer cells is strongly correlated with their malignant progression. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the mRNA expression of choline transporters was measured, and it was found that choline transporter-like proteins CTLs/SLC44 family are highly expressed in various cancer cell lines. Choline uptake through CTLs is associated with cell viability, and the functional inhibition of CTLs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, non-neuronal cholinergic systems that include CTLs-mediated choline transport are associated with cell proliferation and their inhibition promotes apoptotic cell death in colon cancer, small cell lung cancer and human leukemic T-cells. The identification of this new CTLs-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Wen G, Wu G, Zhang X. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) reveals geniculocalcarine and striate area degeneration in primary glaucoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73197. [PMID: 24009739 PMCID: PMC3756940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a collection of neurodegenerative diseases that affect both the retina and the central visual pathway. We investigated whether metabolites' concentrations changed in the geniculocalcarine (GCT) and the striate area of occipital lobe by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), suggesting neurodegeneration of the central visual pathway in primary glaucoma. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 20 patients with glaucoma in both eyes were paired with 20 healthy volunteers in same gender and an age difference less than 3 years. All the participants were examined by MR imaging including T1 Flair, T2 FSE and (1)H-MRS. The T1 intensity and T2 intensity of their GCTs and striate areas were measured. The ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Creatine (Cr), Choline (Cho)/Cr, glutamine and glutamate (Glx)/Cr were derived by multi-voxels (1)H-MRS in the GCT and the striate area of each brain hemisphere. The T1 intensity and T2 intensity had no difference between the groups. Significant decreases in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr but no difference in Glx/Cr was found between the groups in both the GCT and the striate area. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Primary glaucoma affects metabolites' concentrations in the GCT and the striate area suggesting there is ongoing neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GuangDong, China
| | - Xiuyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, GuangDong, China
| | - Ge Wen
- Department of Radiology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, GuangDong, China
| | - Guijun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, GuangDong, China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, GuangDong, China
- * E-mail:
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Hamazaki K, Kim HY. Differential modification of the phospholipid profile by transient ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:299-306. [PMID: 23395327 PMCID: PMC3622766 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal CA1 region is most susceptible to cerebral ischemia in both rodents and humans, whereas CA3 is remarkably resistant. Here, we investigated the possible role of membrane lipids in differential susceptibility in these regions. Transient ischemia was induced in rats via bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries and membrane lipids were analyzed by mass spectrometry. While lipid profile differences between the intact CA1 and CA3 were rather minor, ischemia caused significant pyramidal cell death with concomittant reduction of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogen and sphingomyelin only in CA1. The phospholipid loss was evenly distributed in most molecular species. Ischemia also significantly increased cell death mediator ceramides only in CA1. Our data suggests that differential susceptibility to ischemia between CA1 and CA3 is not linked to their unique phospholipid profile. Also, selective activation of phospholipase A2, which primarily releases polyunsaturated fatty acids, might not be characteristic to cell death in CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health,5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-07, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, United States
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Pathology of bursae of Fabricius in methionine-deficient broiler chickens. Nutrients 2013; 5:877-86. [PMID: 23486195 PMCID: PMC3705324 DOI: 10.3390/nu5030877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this 42-day study was to investigate the effects of methionine (Met) deficiency on immune function by determining the relative weight, morphological and ultrastructural changes of bursae of Fabricius, cell cycle, and apoptosis of bursa cells. One hundred and twenty one-day-old avian broilers were randomly divided into two groups and fed on a control diet (starter diet, Met 0.50%; grower diet, Met 0.40%) and Met-deficient diet (starter diet, Met 0.26%; grower diet, Met 0.28%) for six weeks. The relative weight of bursae was decreased with Met deficiency when compared to that of the control group. Lesions were also observed in the Met-deficient group. Histopathologically, the numbers of lymphocytes in the follicles were decreased. Ultrastructurally, the mitochondria of lymphocytes were swollen in the Met-deficient group. As measured by flow cytometry, bursal cells in the G0G1 phase were significantly higher (P < 0.01), and bursal cells in the S, G2M phases and proliferating index were obviously lower (P < 0.01) with Met deficiency than in the control group. Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the bursae were significantly increased in Met-deficient birds (P < 0.01). It was concluded that Met deficiency restrained the development of the bursae of Fabricius and affected the humoral immunity of the chickens.
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Kryczka T, Ehlers N, Nielsen K, Midelfart A. Impact of organ culturing on metabolic profile of human corneas: preliminary results. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:761-7. [PMID: 21933358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is suggested that the quality of corneal graft may depend on modifications that appear in the tissue during culturing. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the metabolic profile between cultured and noncultured human corneas. METHODS Corneas from 12 donors were obtained post-mortem and cultured for 6-20 days. Control corneas were obtained from four patients with malignant melanoma of the chorioidea and were kept frozen at -80 °C until analysed. The metabolic profiles of the samples were investigated using high-resolution, magic angle spinning (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and special software for: (i) analysis of complex mixtures, (ii) principal component analysis and (iii) specialized statistical analysis. RESULTS Twenty metabolites were detected and assigned in the corneas. Significant differences in metabolic profiles between cultured and noncultured corneas were revealed. It was also shown in samples kept in culture for 9-14 days that the levels of (i) alanine, formate, lactate and (ii) acetate, alanine, arginine, lactate were elevated in comparison with the samples kept for <9 and more than 14 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Corneal culturing affects the metabolic profile of the tissue. The increases in the levels of some metabolites within the second week of culturing likely result from variations in tissue metabolic or enzymatic activity caused by changed (organ culture) environment. As the mechanisms responsible for these changes are not clear, further research is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kryczka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Diederich K, Frauenknecht K, Minnerup J, Schneider BK, Schmidt A, Altach E, Eggert V, Sommer CJ, Schäbitz WR. Citicoline enhances neuroregenerative processes after experimental stroke in rats. Stroke 2012; 43:1931-40. [PMID: 22581817 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.654806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The neuroprotective potential of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke has been shown in many experimental studies and, although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, a clinical Phase III trial is currently underway. Our present study was designed to check whether citicoline also enhances neuroregeneration after experimental stroke. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were subjected to photothrombotic stroke and treated either with daily injections of citicoline (100 mg/kg) or vehicle for 10 consecutive days starting 24 hours after ischemia induction. Sensorimotor tests were performed after an adequate training period at Days 1, 10, 21, and 28 after stroke. Then brains were removed and analyzed for infarct size, glial scar formation, neurogenesis, and ligand binding densities of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors. RESULTS Animals treated with citicoline showed a significantly better neurological outcome at Days 10, 21, and 28 after ischemia, which could not be attributed to differences in infarct volumes or glial scar formation. However, neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, subventricular zone, and peri-infarct area was significantly increased by citicoline. Furthermore, enhanced neurological outcome after citicoline treatment was associated with a shift toward excitation in the perilesional cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our present data demonstrate that, apart from the well-known neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke, citicoline also possesses a substantial neuroregenerative potential. Thanks to its multimodal effects, easy applicability, and history as a well-tolerated drug, promising possibilities of neurological treatment including chronic stroke open up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Diederich
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Food intake can influence neuronal functions through different modulators expressed in the brain. The present review is a report through relevant experimental findings on the effects of choline, a nutritional component found in the diet, to identify a safe and effective dietary solution that can offer some protection against neurotoxicity and neurological disorders and that can be implemented in animals and humans in a very short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Biasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Univesity Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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KUCHTA ANNAM, KELLY PHILIPM, STANTON CATHERINE, DEVERY ROSALEENA. Milk fat globule membrane - a source of polar lipids for colon health? A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Niebergall LJ, Vance DE. The ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine does not predict integrity of growing MT58 Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:324-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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