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Ibrahim H, Sharawy MH, Hamed MF, Abu-Elsaad N. Peficitinib halts acute kidney injury via JAK/STAT3 and growth factors immunomodulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 984:177020. [PMID: 39349115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden loss of kidney function and its management continues to be a challenge. In this study the effect of peficitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi), was studied in an aim to stop the progression of AKI at an early point of injury. Adult male mice were injected with aristolochic acid (AA) a single dose (10 mg/kg, i.p) to induce AKI. Peficitinib was injected in one of the two tested doses (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p) 1 h after AA injection and was continued daily for seven days. Histopathological evaluation showed that peficitinib alleviated necrosis and hyaline cast formation induced by aristolochic acid. It decreased serum creatinine and the kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) elevated by AA. Peficitinib also mitigated AA induced oxidative stress through regulating total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level in renal tissue. Additionally, renal sections isolated from groups that received peficitinib revealed a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 interstitial expression and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) renal level. Peficitinib received groups showed a decrease in the active phosphorylated form of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3). Moreover, peficitinib decreased renal protein levels and gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). These findings suggest that peficitinib is helpful in halting AKI progression into chronic kidney disease through modulating JAK/STAT3 dependent inflammatory pathways and growth factors involved in normal glomerular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassnaa Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 33516, Egypt; Pharmacist at Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 33516, Egypt
| | - Maha H Sharawy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 33516, Egypt
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2
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Grayson C, Chalifoux O, Russo MDST, Avizonis DZ, Sterman S, Faerman B, Koufos O, Agellon LB, Mailloux RJ. Ablating the glutaredoxin-2 (Glrx2) gene protects male mice against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by limiting oxidative distress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:660-677. [PMID: 39278573 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the consequences of deleting the glutaredoxin-2 gene (Glrx2-/-) on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male and female C57BL6N mice fed a control (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD). We report that the HFD induced a significant increase in body mass in the wild-type (Wt) and Glrx2-/- male, but not female, mice, which was associated with the hypertrophying of the abdominal fat. Interestingly, while the Wt male mice fed the HFD developed NAFLD, the deletion of the Glrx2 gene mitigated vesicle formation, intrahepatic lipid accumulation, and fibrosis in the males. The protective effect associated with ablating the Glrx2 gene in male mice was due to enhancement of mitochondrial redox buffering capacity. Specifically, liver mitochondria from male Glrx2-/- fed a CD or HFD produced significantly less hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), had lower malondialdehyde levels, greater activities for glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, and less protein glutathione mixed disulfides (PSSG) when compared to the Wt male mice fed the HFD. These effects correlated with the S-glutathionylation of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), a potent mtH2O2 source and key redox sensor in hepatic mitochondria. In comparison to the male mice, both Wt and Glrx2-/- female mice displayed almost complete resistance to HFD-induced body mass increases and the development of NAFLD, which was attributed to the superior redox buffering capacity of the liver mitochondria. Together, our findings show that modulation of mitochondrial S-glutathionylation signaling through Glrx2 augments resistance of male mice towards the development of NAFLD through preservation of mitochondrial redox buffering capacity. Additionally, our findings demonstrate the sex dimorphisms associated with the manifestation of NAFLD is related to the superior redox buffering capacity and modulation of the S-glutathionylome in hepatic mitochondria from female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Grayson
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia Chalifoux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariana De Sa Tavares Russo
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Qc, H3A 1A3, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Qc, H3A 1A3, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daina Zofija Avizonis
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Qc, H3A 1A3, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Qc, H3A 1A3, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samantha Sterman
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia Koufos
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada.
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3
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Majtan T, Olsen T, Sokolova J, Krijt J, Křížková M, Ida T, Ditrói T, Hansikova H, Vit O, Petrak J, Kuchař L, Kruger WD, Nagy P, Akaike T, Kožich V. Deciphering pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient homocystinuria using targeted metabolomics, liver proteomics, sphingolipidomics and analysis of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103222. [PMID: 38843767 PMCID: PMC11190558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)-deficient homocystinuria (HCU) is an inherited disorder of sulfur amino acid metabolism with varying severity and organ complications, and a limited knowledge about underlying pathophysiological processes. Here we aimed at getting an in-depth insight into disease mechanisms using a transgenic mouse model of HCU (I278T). METHODS We assessed metabolic, proteomic and sphingolipidomic changes, and mitochondrial function in tissues and body fluids of I278T mice and WT controls. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of methionine-restricted diet (MRD) in I278T mice. RESULTS In WT mice, we observed a distinct tissue/body fluid compartmentalization of metabolites with up to six-orders of magnitude differences in concentrations among various organs. The I278T mice exhibited the anticipated metabolic imbalance with signs of an increased production of hydrogen sulfide and disturbed persulfidation of free aminothiols. HCU resulted in a significant dysregulation of liver proteome affecting biological oxidations, conjugation of compounds, and metabolism of amino acids, vitamins, cofactors and lipids. Liver sphingolipidomics indicated upregulation of the pro-proliferative sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway. Liver mitochondrial function of HCU mice did not seem to be impaired compared to controls. MRD in I278T mice improved metabolic balance in all tissues and substantially reduced dysregulation of liver proteome. CONCLUSION The study highlights distinct tissue compartmentalization of sulfur-related metabolites in normal mice, extensive metabolome, proteome and sphingolipidome disruptions in I278T mice, and the efficacy of MRD to alleviate some of the HCU-related biochemical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jitka Sokolova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Křížková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vit
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petrak
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kuchař
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, HUN-REN-UVMB Laboratory of Redox Biology Research Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078, Budapest, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, 12808, Czech Republic.
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Wang J, Chen Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Jiang M, Ye Y, Wu H, Lu Y, Zhong H, Wu Y, Zhou E, Yang Z. Cadmium aggravates liver injury by activating ferroptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps formation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:4047-4057. [PMID: 38644733 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive environmental contaminant and a significant risk factor for liver injury. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the involvement of ferroptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in Cd-induced liver injury in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and to explore its underlying mechanism. Cd-induced liver injury was associated with increased total iron, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), together with reduced levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase-4a (Gpx4a), and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), which are all hallmarks of ferroptosis. Moreover, liver hyperemia, neutrophil infiltration, increased inflammatory factors and myeloperoxidase, as well as elevated serum DNA content in Cd-stimulated Nile tilapia suggested that a considerable number of neutrophils were recruited to the liver. Furtherly, in vitro experiments demonstrated that Cd induced the formation of NETs, and the possible mechanism was related to the generation of reactive oxygen species and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, along with the P38 and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. We concluded that ferroptosis and NETs are the critical mechanisms contributing to Cd-induced liver injury in Nile tilapia. These findings will contribute to Cd toxicological studies in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Youpeng Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhen Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingrong Ye
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanpeng Wu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Lu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huabing Zhong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihe Wu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ershun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Pușcașu C, Negreș S, Zbârcea CE, Ungurianu A, Ștefănescu E, Blebea NM, Chiriță C. Evaluating the Antihyperalgesic Potential of Sildenafil-Metformin Combination and Its Impact on Biochemical Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:783. [PMID: 38931450 PMCID: PMC11206800 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Globally, about 600 million people are afflicted with diabetes, and one of its most prevalent complications is neuropathy, a debilitating condition. At the present time, the exploration of novel therapies for alleviating diabetic-neuropathy-associated pain is genuinely captivating, considering that current therapeutic options are characterized by poor efficacy and significant risk of side effects. In the current research, we evaluated the antihyperalgesic effect the sildenafil (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor)-metformin (antihyperglycemic agent) combination and its impact on biochemical markers in alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. (2) Methods: This study involved a cohort of 70 diabetic rats and 10 non-diabetic rats. Diabetic neuropathy was induced by a single dose of 130 mg/kg alloxan. The rats were submitted to thermal stimulus test using a hot-cold plate and to tactile stimulus test using von Frey filaments. Moreover, at the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and their brains and livers were collected to investigate the impact of this combination on TNF-α, IL-6, nitrites and thiols levels. (3) Results: The results demonstrated that all sildenafil-metformin combinations decreased the pain sensitivity in the von Frey test, hot plate test and cold plate test. Furthermore, alterations in nitrites and thiols concentrations and pro-inflammatory cytokines (specifically TNF-α and IL-6) were noted following a 15-day regimen of various sildenafil-metformin combinations. (4) Conclusions: The combination of sildenafil and metformin has a synergistic effect on alleviating pain in alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy rats. Additionally, the combination effectively decreased inflammation, inhibited the rise in NOS activity, and provided protection against glutathione depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Pușcașu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (S.N.); (A.U.); (E.Ș.); (C.C.)
| | - Simona Negreș
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (S.N.); (A.U.); (E.Ș.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Elena Zbârcea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (S.N.); (A.U.); (E.Ș.); (C.C.)
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (S.N.); (A.U.); (E.Ș.); (C.C.)
| | - Emil Ștefănescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (S.N.); (A.U.); (E.Ș.); (C.C.)
| | - Nicoleta Mirela Blebea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Căpitan Aviator Al. Şerbănescu 6, 900470 Constanța, Romania;
| | - Cornel Chiriță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (S.N.); (A.U.); (E.Ș.); (C.C.)
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Solodilova M, Drozdova E, Azarova I, Klyosova E, Bykanova M, Bushueva O, Polonikova A, Churnosov M, Polonikov A. The discovery of GGT1 as a novel gene for ischemic stroke conferring protection against disease risk in non-smokers and non-abusers of alcohol. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107685. [PMID: 38522756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1) has been identified as a robust and independent risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS), but the molecular mechanisms of the enzyme-disease association are unclear. The present study investigated whether polymorphisms in the GGT1 gene contribute to IS susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA samples obtained from 1288 unrelated individuals (600 IS patients and 688 controls) were genotyped for common single nucleotide polymorphisms of GGT1 using the MassArray-4 platform. RESULTS The rs5751909 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke regardless sex and age (Pperm ≤ 0.01, dominant genetic model). The haplotype rs4820599A-rs5760489A-rs5751909A showed strong protection against ischemic stroke (OR 0.53, 95 %CI 0.36 - 0.77, Pperm ≤ 0.0001). The protective effect of SNP rs5751909 in the stroke phenotype was successfully replicated in the UK Biobank, SiGN, and ISGC cohorts (P ≤ 0.01). GGT1 polymorphisms showed joint (epistatic) effects on the risk of ischemic stroke, with some known IS-associated GWAS loci (e.g., rs4322086 and rs12646447) investigated in our population. In addition, SNP rs5751909 was found to be strongly associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke in non-smokers (OR 0.54 95 %CI 0.39-0.75, Pperm = 0.0002) and non-alcohol abusers (OR 0.43 95 %CI 0.30-0.61, Pperm = 2.0 × 10-6), whereas no protective effects of this SNP against disease risk were observed in smokers and alcohol abusers (Pperm < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We propose mechanisms underlying the observed associations between GGT1 polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk. This pilot study is the first to demonstrate that GGT1 is a novel susceptibility gene for ischemic stroke and provides additional evidence of the genetic contribution to impaired redox homeostasis underlying disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Solodilova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Drozdova
- Department of General Hygiene, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Bykanova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Bushueva
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Polonikova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, Belgorod 308015, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation.
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7
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Ponce T, Mainenti MRM, Barros T, Cahuê FLC, Fernanda Martins Dos Santos C, Piazera BKL, Salerno VP, Vaisman M. Biochemical and Hormone Markers in Firefighters: Effects of "Search, Rescue, and Survival Training" and Its Recovery. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:e189-e201. [PMID: 38266224 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ponce, T, Mainenti, MRM, de Barros, T, Cahuê, FLC, Fernanda, C, Piazera, BKL, Salerno, VP, and Vaisman, M. Biochemical and hormone markers in firefighters: effects of "search, rescue, and survival training" and its recovery. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): e189-e201, 2024-This study aimed to evaluate the hormonal and biochemical responses in military firefighter cadets to a search, rescue, and survival training (SRST) course. Forty-three male volunteers participated in the SRST over 15 days consisting of intense physical effort, sleep deprivation, and a survival period with food deprivation. At 3 timepoints (baseline, SRST, and 1 week rec), subjects submitted to blood collections, body composition examinations, physical performance evaluations, and cognitive function tests. After the SRST, lower values were registered for testosterone (764.0; 565.1-895.0 to 180.6; 133.6-253.5 ng·dl -1 ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (217; 180-238 to 116; 102-143 ng·ml -1 ). Increases were observed for cortisol (9.7; 8.2-11.7 to 18.3; 16.5-21,2 μg·dl -1 ), growth hormone (GH) (0.11; 0.06-0.20 to 2.17; 1.4-3.4 ng·ml -1 ), CP, GSSG, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the antioxidant response of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The values of gamma-glutamyl transferase were reduced. After 1 week of recovery, levels of GH, creatine kinase, GSH, and GSSG returned to baseline values ( p < 0.05). Vertical jump performance presented a regular positive correlation with testosterone (rho = 0.56 and p < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation with cortisol (rho = -0.61 and p < 0.0001). Body fat showed a regular and positive correlation with both testosterone and IGF-1. We conclude that participation in the SRST caused significant hormonal and biochemical changes in individuals that correlated with a loss in physical performance. Importantly, the results suggest the need for longer recovery times before a return to normal military duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Ponce
- Department of Physical Education, Dom Pedro II Military Firefighter Academy (ABMDPII), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FM-UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | | | - Thiago Barros
- Department of Physical Education, Dom Pedro II Military Firefighter Academy (ABMDPII), Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz Cândido Cahuê
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camilli Fernanda Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karoline Lima Piazera
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica P Salerno
- Department of Biosciences, Physical Education and Sports College of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Vaisman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (FM-UFRJ), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
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8
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Howie J, Tulloch LB, Brown E, Reilly L, Ashford FB, Kennedy J, Wypijewski KJ, Aughton KL, Mak JKC, Shattock MJ, Fraser NJ, Fuller W. Glutathione-dependent depalmitoylation of phospholemman by peroxiredoxin 6. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113679. [PMID: 38236777 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholemman (PLM) regulates the cardiac sodium pump: PLM phosphorylation activates the pump whereas PLM palmitoylation inhibits its activity. Here, we show that the anti-oxidant protein peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) interacts with and depalmitoylates PLM in a glutathione-dependent manner. Glutathione loading cells acutely reduce PLM palmitoylation; glutathione depletion significantly increases PLM palmitoylation. Prdx6 silencing abolishes these effects, suggesting that PLM can be depalmitoylated by reduced Prdx6. In vitro, only recombinant Prdx6, among several peroxiredoxin isoforms tested, removes palmitic acid from recombinant palmitoylated PLM. The broad-spectrum depalmitoylase inhibitor palmostatin B prevents Prdx6-dependent PLM depalmitoylation in cells and in vitro. Our data suggest that Prdx6 is a thioesterase that can depalmitoylate proteins by nucleophilic attack via its reactive thiol, linking PLM palmitoylation and hence sodium pump activity to cellular glutathione status. We show that protein depalmitoylation can occur via a catalytic cysteine in which substrate specificity is determined by a protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Howie
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay B Tulloch
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Elaine Brown
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Louise Reilly
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fiona B Ashford
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jennifer Kennedy
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Wypijewski
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Karen L Aughton
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jason K C Mak
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niall J Fraser
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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9
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Zulfiqar T, Sarwar MS, Chaudhry AS, Hafeez-ur-Rehman M, El Basuini MF, Khalil HS. Effects of Different Aquafeed Sources on Growth Performance, Oxidative Capacity, and Fatty Acid Profile of Three Carps Reared in the Semi-Intensive Composite Culture System. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:3436607. [PMID: 38152155 PMCID: PMC10752687 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3436607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The current experiment is designed to evaluate the effect of different aquafeeds (farm-made versus commercial) on growth, body composition, oxidative capacity, and fatty acid profile in the semi-intensive composite culture system. For this, 1,100 fingerlings/acre having initial body weight and length, Labeo rohita (61.34 g, 171 mm), Catla catla (71.45 g, 181 mm), and Cyprinus carpio (30.80 g, 91 mm) were randomly distributed to 16 ponds and randomly fed on eight different diets (n = 2 pond/diet) in a completely randomized research design. Aquafeed were farm-based diets (D1-D2) and commercial aquafeed (D3-D8). The farm-made diets contained various crude protein levels of maize gluten (24.9%) and rice polish (7.3%), whereas commercial diets were procured from commercial feed plants (AMG, Supreme, Aqua, Star Floating, Hi-Pro, and Punjab feed). The growth performance of carps (L. rohita and C. catla) was significantly improved (p < 0.05) by feeding D3 as compared to other diets. Similarly, white blood cell concentration was greater (p < 0.05) in all species fed by D3 than in those fed on D7, D8, D5, D6, D1, and D2 fed groups, respectively. Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine phosphatase activities were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the D3-fed L. rohita, C. catla, and C. carpio compared with those fed on the rest of the treatments. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also higher (p < 0.05) for the D3 fed L. rohita, C. catla, and C. carpio than those fed on the rest diets. The groups fed on D3 and D4 had greater (p < 0.05) concentrations of myristic (14), palmitic acid (16), and stearic (18) acids than those fed on the rest of the commercial diets. However, meat chemical composition was similar (p > 0.05) across the treatments. These results also prove that the increase in the dietary protein level and lipid content can improve the fish's body's crude protein and fat levels. Feeding D3 improved the production performance, oxidative status, and fatty acid profile in composite major carps culture systems. Thus, based on growth, survival, and body composition, it is concluded that D3 and D4 may be recommended for a commercial culture of major carps. Dietary treatments had no significant impact (p > 0.05) on water's physical-chemical properties. Calcium content and alkalinity varied (p < 0.05), with D5 showing the lowest calcium and the highest alkalinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Zulfiqar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Sarwar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed F. El Basuini
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46618, Egypt
| | - Hala Saber Khalil
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43221, Egypt
- College of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Kweon B, Kim DU, Oh JY, Bae GS, Park SJ. Guggulsterone protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and lethal endotoxemia via heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111073. [PMID: 37844468 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Guggulsterone (GS) is a phytosterol used to treat inflammatory diseases. Although many studies have examined the anti-inflammatory activities of GS, the detailed mechanisms of GS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and endotoxemia have not yet been examined. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of GS on LPS-induced inflammation. In murine peritoneal macrophages, the anti-inflammatory activity of GS was primarily mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction. HO-1 induction by GS was mediated by GSH depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The ROS generated by GS caused the phosphorylation of GSK3β (ser9/21) and p38, leading to the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which ultimately induced HO-1. In addition, GS pretreatment significantly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), iNOS-derived NO, and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression, and production of COX-derived prostaglandin PGE2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In a mouse model of endotoxemia, GS treatment prolonged survival and inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. GS treatment also inhibited LPS-induced liver injury. These results suggest that GS-induced HO-1 could exert anti-inflammatory effects via ROS-dependent GSK (ser21/9)-p38 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitna Kweon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea; Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea.
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11
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Bruschi M, Biancucci F, Masini S, Piacente F, Ligi D, Bartoccini F, Antonelli A, Mannello F, Bruzzone S, Menotta M, Fraternale A, Magnani M. The influence of redox modulation on hypoxic endothelial cell metabolic and proteomic profiles through a small thiol-based compound tuning glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Biofactors 2023; 49:1205-1222. [PMID: 37409789 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in oxygen levels is a key feature in the physiology of the bone marrow (BM) niche where hematopoiesis occurs. The BM niche is a highly vascularized tissue and endothelial cells (ECs) support and regulate blood cell formation from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While in vivo studies are limited, ECs when cultured in vitro at low O2 (<5%), fail to support functional HSC maintenance due to oxidative environment. Therefore, changes in EC redox status induced by antioxidant molecules may lead to alterations in the cellular response to hypoxia likely favoring HSC self-renewal. To evaluate the impact of redox regulation, HUVEC, exposed for 1, 6, and 24 h to 3% O2 were treated with N-(N-acetyl-l-cysteinyl)-S-acetylcysteamine (I-152). Metabolomic analyses revealed that I-152 increased glutathione levels and influenced the metabolic profiles interconnected with the glutathione system and the redox couples NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H. mRNA analysis showed a lowered gene expression of HIF-1α and VEGF following I-152 treatment whereas TRX1 and 2 were stimulated. Accordingly, the proteomic study revealed the redox-dependent upregulation of thioredoxin and peroxiredoxins that, together with the glutathione system, are the main regulators of intracellular ROS. Indeed, a time-dependent ROS production under hypoxia and a quenching effect of the molecule were evidenced. At the secretome level, the molecule downregulated IL-6, MCP-1, and PDGF-bb. These results suggest that redox modulation by I-152 reduces oxidative stress and ROS level in hypoxic ECs and may be a strategy to fine-tune the environment of an in vitro BM niche able to support functional HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bruschi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Federica Biancucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Sofia Masini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genoa, Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy
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12
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Xiao Z, Li P, Shen Y, Manaenko A, Yang W, Wang P, Li X, Liu F, Xie P, Li Q. Multi-time point metabolomics reveals key metabolic features from the ultra-early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114507. [PMID: 37598880 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive research, there are still very limited options for the effective treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, mounting evidence has indicated that the ultra-early stage (<3 h), serving as the primary phase of ICH, plays a pivotal role and may even surpass other stages in terms of its significance. Therefore, uncovering the metabolic alterations induced by ICH in the ultra-early stage is of crucial importance. To investigate this, the collagenase ICH mouse model was employed in this study. ICH or sham-operated mice were euthanized at the ultra-early stage of 3 h and the acute stage of 24 h and 72 h after the operation. Then, the metabolic changes in the perihematomal tissues were detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. In total, alterations in the levels of 465 metabolites were detected. A total of 136 metabolites were significantly changed at 3 h. At 24 h and 72 h, the amounts were 132 and 126, respectively. Additionally, the key corresponding metabolic pathways for these time points were analyzed through KEGG. To gather additional information, quantitative real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blots were performed to validate the metabolic changes. Overall, ICH significantly alters important physiological functions such as cysteine metabolism, purine metabolism, synaptic alterations, the synaptic vesicle cycle, and the ATP-binding cassette transporter system. These might be the key pathologic mechanisms of the ultra-early stage induced by ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsong Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peizheng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiqing Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wensong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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13
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Nguyen M, Le Mignon M, Schnellbächer A, Wehsling M, Braun J, Baumgaertner J, Grabner M, Zimmer A. Mechanistic insights into the biological activity of S-Sulfocysteine in CHO cells using a multi-omics approach. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1230422. [PMID: 37680342 PMCID: PMC10482334 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1230422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Sulfocysteine (SSC), a bioavailable L-cysteine derivative (Cys), is known to be taken up and metabolized in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells used to produce novel therapeutic biological entities. To gain a deeper mechanistic insight into the SSC biological activity and metabolization, a multi-omics study was performed on industrially relevant CHO-K1 GS cells throughout a fed-batch process, including metabolomic and proteomic profiling combined with multivariate data and pathway analyses. Multi-layered data and enzymatical assays revealed an intracellular SSC/glutathione mixed disulfide formation and glutaredoxin-mediated reduction, releasing Cys and sulfur species. Increased Cys availability was directed towards glutathione and taurine synthesis, while other Cys catabolic pathways were likewise affected, indicating that cells strive to maintain Cys homeostasis and cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Nguyen
- Upstream R&D, Merck Life Science KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Maria Wehsling
- Upstream R&D, Merck Life Science KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julian Braun
- Upstream R&D, Merck Life Science KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jens Baumgaertner
- Biomolecule Analytics and Proteomics, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Aline Zimmer
- Upstream R&D, Merck Life Science KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Orlowska K, Fling RR, Nault R, Schilmiller AL, Zacharewski TR. Cystine/Glutamate Xc - Antiporter Induction Compensates for Transsulfuration Pathway Repression by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) to Ensure Cysteine for Hepatic Glutathione Biosynthesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:900-915. [PMID: 37184393 PMCID: PMC10284067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been associated with the induction of oxidative stress and the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis. It also disrupts metabolic pathways including one-carbon metabolism (OCM) and the transsulfuration pathway with possible consequences on glutathione (GSH) levels. In this study, complementary RNAseq and metabolomics data were integrated to examine the hepatic transsulfuration pathway and glutathione biosynthesis in mice following treatment with TCDD every 4 days for 28 days. TCDD dose-dependently repressed hepatic cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) mRNA and protein levels. Reduced CBS and CTH levels are also correlated with dose-dependent decreases in hepatic extract hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In contrast, cysteine levels increased consistent with the induction of Slc7a11, which encodes for the cystine/glutamate Xc- antiporter. Cotreatment of primary hepatocytes with sulfasalazine, a cystine/glutamate Xc- antiporter inhibitor, decreased labeled cysteine incorporation into GSH with a corresponding increase in TCDD cytotoxicity. Although reduced and oxidized GSH levels were unchanged following treatment due to the induction of GSH/GSSG efflux transporter by TCDD, the GSH:GSSG ratio decreased and global protein S-glutathionylation levels in liver extracts increased in response to oxidative stress along with the induction of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc), glutathione synthetase (Gss), glutathione disulfide reductase (Gsr), and glutathione transferase π (Gstp). Furthermore, levels of ophthalmic acid, a biomarker of oxidative stress indicating GSH consumption, were also increased. Collectively, the data suggest that increased cystine transport due to cystine/glutamate Xc- antiporter induction compensated for decreased cysteine production following repression of the transsulfuration pathway to support GSH synthesis in response to TCDD-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Orlowska
- Biochemistry
& Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Microbiology &
Molecular Genetics, and Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Russ R. Fling
- Biochemistry
& Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Microbiology &
Molecular Genetics, and Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Rance Nault
- Biochemistry
& Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Microbiology &
Molecular Genetics, and Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Anthony L. Schilmiller
- Biochemistry
& Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Microbiology &
Molecular Genetics, and Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Timothy R. Zacharewski
- Biochemistry
& Molecular Biology, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Microbiology &
Molecular Genetics, and Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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15
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Beaudoin JJ, Clemens L, Miedel MT, Gough A, Zaidi F, Ramamoorthy P, Wong KE, Sarangarajan R, Battista C, Shoda LKM, Siler SQ, Taylor DL, Howell BA, Vernetti LA, Yang K. The Combination of a Human Biomimetic Liver Microphysiology System with BIOLOGXsym, a Quantitative Systems Toxicology (QST) Modeling Platform for Macromolecules, Provides Mechanistic Understanding of Tocilizumab- and GGF2-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9692. [PMID: 37298645 PMCID: PMC10253699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics address a range of unmet clinical needs, but the occurrence of biologics-induced liver injury remains a major challenge. Development of cimaglermin alfa (GGF2) was terminated due to transient elevations in serum aminotransferases and total bilirubin. Tocilizumab has been reported to induce transient aminotransferase elevations, requiring frequent monitoring. To evaluate the clinical risk of biologics-induced liver injury, a novel quantitative systems toxicology modeling platform, BIOLOGXsym™, representing relevant liver biochemistry and the mechanistic effects of biologics on liver pathophysiology, was developed in conjunction with clinically relevant data from a human biomimetic liver microphysiology system. Phenotypic and mechanistic toxicity data and metabolomics analysis from the Liver Acinus Microphysiology System showed that tocilizumab and GGF2 increased high mobility group box 1, indicating hepatic injury and stress. Tocilizumab exposure was associated with increased oxidative stress and extracellular/tissue remodeling, and GGF2 decreased bile acid secretion. BIOLOGXsym simulations, leveraging the in vivo exposure predicted by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling and mechanistic toxicity data from the Liver Acinus Microphysiology System, reproduced the clinically observed liver signals of tocilizumab and GGF2, demonstrating that mechanistic toxicity data from microphysiology systems can be successfully integrated into a quantitative systems toxicology model to identify liabilities of biologics-induced liver injury and provide mechanistic insights into observed liver safety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Beaudoin
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.Q.S.)
| | - Lara Clemens
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.Q.S.)
| | - Mark T. Miedel
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA (A.G.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Albert Gough
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA (A.G.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Fatima Zaidi
- Metabolon Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA (P.R.); (K.E.W.); (R.S.)
| | | | - Kari E. Wong
- Metabolon Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA (P.R.); (K.E.W.); (R.S.)
| | | | - Christina Battista
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.Q.S.)
| | - Lisl K. M. Shoda
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.Q.S.)
| | - Scott Q. Siler
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.Q.S.)
| | - D. Lansing Taylor
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA (A.G.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Brett A. Howell
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.Q.S.)
| | - Lawrence A. Vernetti
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA (A.G.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Kyunghee Yang
- DILIsym Services Division, Simulations Plus Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA (S.Q.S.)
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16
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Bedree JK, Kerns K, Chen T, Lima BP, Liu G, Ha P, Shi J, Pan HC, Kim JK, Tran L, Minot SS, Hendrickson EL, Lamont EI, Schulte F, Hardt M, Stephens D, Patel M, Kokaras A, Stodieck L, Shirazi-Fard Y, Wu B, Kwak JH, Ting K, Soo C, McLean JS, He X, Shi W. Specific host metabolite and gut microbiome alterations are associated with bone loss during spaceflight. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112299. [PMID: 37080202 PMCID: PMC10344367 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the axis of the human microbiome and physiological homeostasis is an essential task in managing deep-space-travel-associated health risks. The NASA-led Rodent Research 5 mission enabled an ancillary investigation of the gut microbiome, varying exposure to microgravity (flight) relative to ground controls in the context of previously shown bone mineral density (BMD) loss that was observed in these flight groups. We demonstrate elevated abundance of Lactobacillus murinus and Dorea sp. during microgravity exposure relative to ground control through whole-genome sequencing and 16S rRNA analyses. Specific functionally assigned gene clusters of L. murinus and Dorea sp. capable of producing metabolites, lactic acid, leucine/isoleucine, and glutathione are enriched. These metabolites are elevated in the microgravity-exposed host serum as shown by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomic analysis. Along with BMD loss, ELISA reveals increases in osteocalcin and reductions in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b signifying additional loss of bone homeostasis in flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Bedree
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Kristopher Kerns
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruno P Lima
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guo Liu
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth & Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jong Kil Kim
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luan Tran
- Section of Oral Biology, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel S Minot
- Microbiome Research Initiative, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erik L Hendrickson
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eleanor I Lamont
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fabian Schulte
- Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Markus Hardt
- Forsyth Center for Salivary Diagnostics, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Multiplex Core, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michele Patel
- Multiplex Core, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexis Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 288-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin Hee Kwak
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth & Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kang Ting
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth & Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey S McLean
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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17
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Messelmani T, Le Goff A, Soncin F, Gilard F, Souguir Z, Maubon N, Gakière B, Legallais C, Leclerc E, Jellali R. Investigation of the metabolomic crosstalk between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes exposed to paracetamol using organ-on-chip technology. Toxicology 2023; 492:153550. [PMID: 37209942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip technology is a promising in vitro approach recapitulating human physiology for the study of responses to drug exposure. Organ-on-chip cell cultures have paved new grounds for testing and understanding metabolic dose-responses when evaluating pharmaceutical and environmental toxicity. Here, we present a metabolomic investigation of a coculture of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs, SK-HEP-1) with hepatocytes (HepG2/C3a) using advanced organ-on-chip technology. To reproduce the physiology of the sinusoidal barrier, LSECs were separated from hepatocytes by a membrane (culture insert integrated organ-on-chip platform). The tissues were exposed to acetaminophen (APAP), an analgesic drug widely used as a xenobiotic model in liver and HepG2/C3a studies. The differences between the SK-HEP-1, HepG2/C3a monocultures and SK-HEP-1/HepG2/C3a cocultures, treated or not with APAP, were identified from metabolomic profiles using supervised multivariate analysis. The pathway enrichment coupled with metabolite analysis of the corresponding metabolic fingerprints contributed to extracting the specificity of each type of culture and condition. In addition, we analysed the responses to APAP treatment by mapping the signatures with significant modulation of the biological processes of the SK-HEP-1 APAP, HepG2/C3a APAP and SK-HEP-1/HepG2/C3a APAP conditions. Furthermore, our model shows how the presence of the LSECs barrier and APAP first pass can modify the metabolism of HepG2/C3a. Altogether, this study demonstrates the potential of a "metabolomic-on-chip" strategy for pharmaco-metabolomic applications predicting individual response to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Messelmani
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Anne Le Goff
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- CNRS/IIS/Centre Oscar Lambret/Lille University SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Hauts-de-France, 43 Avenue le Corbusier, 59800 Lille, France; CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Zied Souguir
- HCS Pharma, 250 rue Salvador Allende, Biocentre Fleming Bâtiment A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Nathalie Maubon
- HCS Pharma, 250 rue Salvador Allende, Biocentre Fleming Bâtiment A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France; CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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18
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Abnousian A, Vasquez J, Sasaninia K, Kelley M, Venketaraman V. Glutathione Modulates Efficacious Changes in the Immune Response against Tuberculosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051340. [PMID: 37239011 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant in human cells that is utilized to prevent damage occurred by reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals. Due to its immunological role in tuberculosis (TB), GSH is hypothesized to play an important part in the immune response against M. tb infection. In fact, one of the hallmark structures of TB is granuloma formation, which involves many types of immune cells. T cells, specifically, are a major component and are involved in the release of cytokines and activation of macrophages. GSH also serves an important function in macrophages, natural killer cells, and T cells in modulating their activation, their metabolism, proper cytokine release, proper redox activity, and free radical levels. For patients with increased susceptibility, such as those with HIV and type 2 diabetes, the demand for higher GSH levels is increased. GSH acts as an important immunomodulatory antioxidant by stabilizing redox activity, shifting of cytokine profile toward Th1 type response, and enhancing T lymphocytes. This review compiles reports showing the benefits of GSH in improving the immune responses against M. tb infection and the use of GSH as an adjunctive therapy for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbi Abnousian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Joshua Vasquez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kayvan Sasaninia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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19
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Yoon SJ, Combs JA, Falzone A, Prieto-Farigua N, Caldwell S, Ackerman HD, Flores ER, DeNicola GM. Comprehensive Metabolic Tracing Reveals the Origin and Catabolism of Cysteine in Mammalian Tissues and Tumors. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1426-1442. [PMID: 36862034 PMCID: PMC10152234 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine plays critical roles in cellular biosynthesis, enzyme catalysis, and redox metabolism. The intracellular cysteine pool can be sustained by cystine uptake or de novo synthesis from serine and homocysteine. Demand for cysteine is increased during tumorigenesis for generating glutathione to deal with oxidative stress. While cultured cells have been shown to be highly dependent on exogenous cystine for proliferation and survival, how diverse tissues obtain and use cysteine in vivo has not been characterized. We comprehensively interrogated cysteine metabolism in normal murine tissues and cancers that arise from them using stable isotope 13C1-serine and 13C6-cystine tracing. De novo cysteine synthesis was highest in normal liver and pancreas and absent in lung tissue, while cysteine synthesis was either inactive or downregulated during tumorigenesis. In contrast, cystine uptake and metabolism to downstream metabolites was a universal feature of normal tissues and tumors. However, differences in glutathione labeling from cysteine were evident across tumor types. Thus, cystine is a major contributor to the cysteine pool in tumors, and glutathione metabolism is differentially active across tumor types. SIGNIFICANCE Stable isotope 13C1-serine and 13C6-cystine tracing characterizes cysteine metabolism in normal murine tissues and its rewiring in tumors using genetically engineered mouse models of liver, pancreas, and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Yoon
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Joseph A. Combs
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aimee Falzone
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nicolas Prieto-Farigua
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Samantha Caldwell
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hayley D. Ackerman
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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20
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Pérez-Sala D, Pajares MA. Appraising the Role of Astrocytes as Suppliers of Neuronal Glutathione Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098059. [PMID: 37175763 PMCID: PMC10179008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and intercellular transfer of glutathione or its precursors may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, a common hallmark of neurodegeneration. In the 1990s, several studies in the Neurobiology field led to the widely accepted notion that astrocytes produce large amounts of glutathione that serve to feed neurons with precursors for glutathione synthesis. This assumption has important implications for health and disease since a reduction in this supply from astrocytes could compromise the capacity of neurons to cope with oxidative stress. However, at first glance, this shuttling would imply a large energy expenditure to get to the same point in a nearby cell. Thus, are there additional underlying reasons for this expensive mechanism? Are neurons unable to import and/or synthesize the three non-essential amino acids that are the glutathione building blocks? The rather oxidizing extracellular environment favors the presence of cysteine (Cys) as cystine (Cis), less favorable for neuronal import. Therefore, it has also been proposed that astrocytic GSH efflux could induce a change in the redox status of the extracellular space nearby the neurons, locally lowering the Cis/Cys ratio. This astrocytic glutathione release would also increase their demand for precursors, stimulating Cis uptake, which these cells can import, further impacting the local decline of the Cis/Cys ratio, in turn, contributing to a more reduced extracellular environment and subsequently favoring neuronal Cys import. Here, we revisit the experimental evidence that led to the accepted hypothesis of astrocytes acting as suppliers of neuronal glutathione precursors, considering recent data from the Human Protein Atlas. In addition, we highlight some potential drawbacks of this hypothesis, mainly supported by heterogeneous cellular models. Finally, we outline additional and more cost-efficient possibilities by which astrocytes could support neuronal glutathione levels, including its shuttling in extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Cytoprotective Effect of Pteryxin on Insulinoma MIN6 Cells Due to Antioxidant Enzymes Expression via Nrf2/ARE Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030693. [PMID: 36978941 PMCID: PMC10045797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The low-level antioxidant activity of pancreatic islets causes type 1 diabetes due to oxidative stress, which is also the cause of failure in the pancreatic islets’ isolation and cell transplantation. In our previous study, pteryxin was found to be a natural product as a nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) activator. This study focused on elucidation that the potentiality of pteryxin can activate the antioxidant enzymes, even under oxidative stress, by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Pteryxin treated with mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells was enhanced the antioxidant gene expressions in the ARE (antioxidant response element) region for HO-1 (Heme Oxygenase-1), GCLC (Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), SOD1 (Super Oxide dismutase1), and Trxr1 (Thioredoxin reductase1), and those enzymes were also expressed during the nuclei transference of cytoplasmic Nrf2. In fact, the cells exposed to H2O2 concentrations of a half-cell lethal in the presence of pteryxin were then induced main antioxidant enzymes, HO-1, GCLC, and Trxr1 in the ARE region. The increased glutathione (GSH) levels associated with the GCLC expression also suggested to be cytoprotective against oxidative stress by activating the redox-metabolizing enzymes involving their increased antioxidant activity in the cells. In addition, Akt is a modulator for Nrf2, which may be responsible for the Nrf2 activation. These results allowed us to consider whether pteryxin or its synthesized congeners, an Nrf2 activator, is a potential preservative agent against islet isolation during cell transplantation.
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22
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Dash P, Siva C, Tandel RS, Bhat RAH, Gargotra P, Chadha NK, Pandey PK. Temperature alters the oxidative and metabolic biomarkers and expression of environmental stress-related genes in chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43203-43214. [PMID: 36650370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term acclimation temperature effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress, metabolic stress, expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps), and warm-temperature acclimation related 65-kDa protein (Wap65) were evaluated in the threatened chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis). Fifteen-day-old larvae were acclimated to different water temperatures (15, 19, 23-control group, 27, and 31 °C) for 60 days prior to the sampling for quantification of mRNA, enzyme, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Acclimation to 31 °C increased the basal mRNA level of glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 (GSTa1), and activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and GST enzymes and but downregulated the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in the whole-body homogenate. Other antioxidant genes, i.e., CAT and GPx1a, were unaffected at 31 °C, and nitric oxide (NO) concentration was significantly lower. In contrast, fish acclimated to 15 °C showed an upregulated transcript level of all the antioxidant genes and no significant difference in the CAT, GR, and GST enzymes. Activities of the metabolic enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), were significantly lower at 15 °C. The expression of Hsp47 was upregulated at both 15 and 31 °C groups, whereas Hsp70 was elevated at 27 and 31 °C groups. Wap65-1 transcription did not show significant variation in treatment groups compared to control. Fish in the high (31 °C) and low-temperature (15 °C) acclimation groups were capable of maintaining oxidative stress by modulating their antioxidant transcripts, enzymes, and Hsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Dash
- ICAR-DCFR, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India.
| | - C Siva
- ICAR-DCFR, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Ritesh Shantilal Tandel
- ICAR-DCFR, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat
- ICAR-DCFR, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Pankaj Gargotra
- ICAR-DCFR, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Narinder Kumar Chadha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pandey
- ICAR-DCFR, Indian Council of Agricultural Research- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
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23
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Glutathione system enhancement for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:131. [PMID: 36792890 PMCID: PMC9932120 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione (GSH) system is considered to be one of the most powerful endogenous antioxidant systems in the cardiovascular system due to its key contribution to detoxifying xenobiotics and scavenging overreactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous investigations have suggested that disruption of the GSH system is a critical element in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury. Meanwhile, a newly proposed type of cell death, ferroptosis, has been demonstrated to be closely related to the GSH system, which affects the process and outcome of myocardial injury. Moreover, in facing various pathological challenges, the mammalian heart, which possesses high levels of mitochondria and weak antioxidant capacity, is susceptible to oxidant production and oxidative damage. Therefore, targeted enhancement of the GSH system along with prevention of ferroptosis in the myocardium is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we first systematically describe the physiological functions and anabolism of the GSH system, as well as its effects on cardiac injury. Then, we discuss the relationship between the GSH system and ferroptosis in myocardial injury. Moreover, a comprehensive summary of the activation strategies of the GSH system is presented, where we mainly identify several promising herbal monomers, which may provide valuable guidelines for the exploration of new therapeutic approaches.
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24
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Campbell KCM, Cosenza N, Meech R, Buhnerkempe M, Qin J, Rybak L, Fox DJ. D-methionine administered as late as 36 hours post-noise exposure rescues from permanent threshold shift and dose-dependently increases serum antioxidant levels. Int J Audiol 2023; 62:151-158. [PMID: 35015962 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.2022790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate D-methionine's (D-met) dose and time rescue parameters from steady-state or impulse noise-induced permanent threshold shift (PTS) and determine D-met rescue's influence on serum and cochlear antioxidant levels. DESIGN Five D-met doses at 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/dose administered starting at 1, 24, or 36 hours post steady-state or impulse noise exposure. Auditory brainstem responses at baseline and 21 days post-noise measured PTS. Serum (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT],, glutathione reductaseand glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) and cochlear (Glutathione [GSH] and glutathione disulphide [GSSG]) antioxidant levels measured physiological impact. STUDY SAMPLE Chinchillas (10/study group; 6-8/confirmatory groups). RESULTS D-met significantly reduced PTS for impulse noise (100 mg [2, 6, 14 and 20 kHz]; 200 mg [2, 14 and 20 kHz]) and steady-state noise (all dosing groups, time parameters and tested frequencies). PTS reduction did not significantly vary by rescue time. D-met significantly increased serum SOD (100 and 200 mg for 24 hour rescue) and GPx (50 mg/kg at 24 hour rescue) at 21 days post-noise. Cochlear GSH and GSSG levels were unaffected relative to control. CONCLUSION D-met rescues from steady-state and impulse noise-induced PTS even when administered up to 36 hours post-noise and dose-dependently influences serum antioxidant levels even 21 days post-noise. D-met's broad and effective dose/time window renders it a promising antioxidant rescue agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C M Campbell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Cosenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Robert Meech
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Michael Buhnerkempe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Leonard Rybak
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Fox
- Department of Clinical Research, Springfield Clinic, Springfield, IL, USA
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25
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Cano A, Vazquez-Chantada M, Conde-Vancells J, Gonzalez-Lahera A, Mosen-Ansorena D, Blanco FJ, Clément K, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Tran A, Gual P, García-Monzón C, Caballería J, Castro A, Martínez-Chantar ML, Mato JM, Zhu H, Finnell RH, Aransay AM. Impaired Function of Solute Carrier Family 19 Leads to Low Folate Levels and Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Hepatocytes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020337. [PMID: 36830876 PMCID: PMC9953281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Low serum folate levels are inversely related to metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The role of the folate transporter gene (SLC19A1) was assessed to clarify its involvement in lipid accumulation during the onset of MAFLD in humans and in liver cells by genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic techniques. Genotypes of 3 SNPs in a case-control cohort were initially correlated to clinical and serum MAFLD markers. Subsequently, the expression of 84 key genes in response to the loss of SLC19A1 was evaluated with the aid of an RT2 profiler-array. After shRNA-silencing of SLC19A1 in THLE2 cells, folate and lipid levels were measured by ELISA and staining techniques, respectively. In addition, up to 482 amino acids and lipid metabolites were semi-quantified in SLC19A1-knockdown (KD) cells through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. SNPs, rs1051266 and rs3788200, were significantly associated with the development of fatty liver for the single-marker allelic test. The minor alleles of these SNPs were associated with a 0.6/-1.67-fold decreased risk of developing MAFLD. When SLC19A1 was KD in THLE2 cells, intracellular folate content was four times lower than in wild-type cells. The lack of functional SLC19A1 provoked significant changes in the regulation of genes associated with lipid droplet accumulation within the cell and the onset of NAFLD. Metabolomic analyses showed a highly altered profile, where most of the species that accumulated in SLC19A1-KD-cells belong to the chemical groups of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and long chain, highly unsaturated cholesterol esters. In conclusion, the lack of SLC19A1 gene expression in hepatocytes affects the regulation of key genes for normal liver function, reduces intracellular folate levels, and impairs lipid metabolism, which entails lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Cano
- Food Research, AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Building 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vazquez-Chantada
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Javier Conde-Vancells
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Aintzane Gonzalez-Lahera
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutriomics Research Group, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, NutriOmics Team 6, F-75013 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition department ICAN and CRNH-Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutriomics Research Group, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, NutriOmics Team 6, F-75013 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition department ICAN and CRNH-Ile de France, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol”, INSERM, U1065, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Team 8 “Chronic Liver Diseases Associated with Obesity and Alcohol”, INSERM, U1065, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Liver Research Unit, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Caballería
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Castro
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 502, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ana M. Aransay
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801-A, 48160 Derio, Spain
- CIBERehd, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-944-061-325 or +34-946-572-524; Fax: +34-946-572-530
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Gokulnath P, Vulugundam G, Li G, Wang H, Xiao J. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Maintains Redox Homeostasis for Cardiovascular Health. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200204. [PMID: 36683183 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. The overproduction of free radicals, both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, can lead to redox imbalance and exacerbate oxidative damage to the cardiovascular system. Maintaining redox homeostasis and enhancing anti-oxidative capacity are critical mechanisms by which exercise protects against cardiovascular diseases. Moderate-intensity exercise is an effective means to maintain cardiovascular redox homeostasis. Moderate-intensity exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving mitochondrial function and anti-oxidative capacity. It also attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling and enhances cardiac function. This paper reviews the primary mechanisms of moderate-intensity exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Exploring the role of exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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27
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Angelovski M, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Mitrokhin V, Kamkin A, Mladenov M. Myocardial infarction and oxidative damage in animal models: objective and expectations from the application of cysteine derivatives. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:1-17. [PMID: 35450505 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2069530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated oxidative stress are the main contributors to pathophysiological changes following myocardial infarction (MI), which is the principal cause of death from cardiovascular disease. The glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase (GPx) system appears to be the main and most active cardiac antioxidant mechanism. Hence, enhancement of the myocardial GSH system might have protective effects in the setting of MI. It follows that by increasing antioxidant capacity, the heart will be able to reduce the damage associated with MI and even prevent/weaken the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is highly ranked among the factors responsible for the occurrence of acute MI. For these reasons, the primary goal of future investigations should be to address the effects of different antioxidative compounds and especially cysteine derivatives like N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) as precursors responsible for the enhancement of the GSH-related antioxidant system's capacity. It is assumed that this will lay down the basis for elucidation of the mechanisms throughout which applicable doses of OTC will manifest a potentially positive impact in the reduction of adverse effects of acute MI. The inclusion of OTC in the models for prediction of the distribution of oxygen in infarcted animal hearts can help to upgrade existing computational models. Such a model would be based on computational geometries of the heart, but the inclusion of biochemical redox features in addition to angiogenic therapy, despite improvement of the post-infarcted oxygenated outcome could enhance the accuracy of the predictive values of oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Angelovski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Cho E, Jung S, Kim J, Ko KS. The Relationship between Prohibitin 1 Expression, Hepatotoxicity Induced by Acetaminophen, and Hepatoprotection by S-Adenosylmethionine in AML12 Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1447-1453. [PMID: 36310362 PMCID: PMC9720076 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin 1 (Phb1) is a pleiotropic protein, located mainly in the mitochondrial inner membrane and involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and the stabilization of mitochondrial protein. Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter analgesics worldwide. However, at high dose, the accumulation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) can lead to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we sought to understand the regulation of mRNA expression in relation to APAP and GSH metabolism by Phb1 in normal mouse AML12 hepatocytes. We used two different Phb1 silencing levels: high-efficiency (HE, >90%) and low-efficiency (LE, 50-60%). In addition, the siRNA-transfected cells were further pretreated with 0.5 mM of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for 24 h before treatment with APAP at different doses (1-2 mM) for 24 h. The expression of APAP metabolism-related and antioxidant genes such as Cyp2e1 and Ugt1a1 were increased during SAMe pretreatment. Moreover, SAMe increased intracellular GSH concentration and it was maintained after APAP treatment. To sum up, Phb1 silencing and APAP treatment impaired the metabolism of APAP in hepatocytes, and SAMe exerted a protective effect against hepatotoxicity by upregulating antioxidant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Cho
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohan Jung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Human Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kwang Suk Ko
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-3277-6859 E-mail:
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29
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An X, Li Q, Chen N, Li T, Wang H, Su M, Shi H, Ma Y. Effects of Pgam1-mediated glycolysis pathway in Sertoli cells on Spermatogonial stem cells based on transcriptomics and energy metabolomics. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:992877. [PMID: 36213420 PMCID: PMC9540473 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.992877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving a variety of intercellular interactions and precise regulation of gene expression. Spermatogenesis is sustained by a foundational Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and in mammalian testis. Sertoli cells (SCs) are the major component of SSC niche. Sertoli cells provide structural support and supply energy substrate for developing germ cells. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (Pgam1) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic metabolism and our previous work showed that Pgam1 is expressed in SCs. In the present study, hypothesized that Pgam1-depedent glycolysis in SCs plays a functional role in regulating SSCs fate decisions. A co-culture system of murine SCs and primary spermatogonia was constructed to investigate the effects of Pgam1 knockdown or overexpression on SSCs proliferation and differentiation. Transcriptome results indicated that overexpression and knockdown of Pgam1 in SCs resulted in up-regulation of 458 genes (117 down-regulated, 341 up-regulated) and down-regulation of 409 genes (110 down-regulated, 299 up-regulated), respectively. Further analysis of these DEGs revealed that GDNF, FGF2 and other genes that serve key roles in SSCs niche maintenance were regulated by Pgam1. The metabolome results showed that a total of 11 and 16 differential metabolites were identified in the Pgam1 gene overexpression and knockdown respectively. Further screening of these metabolites indicated that Sertoli cell derived glutamate, glutamine, threonine, leucine, alanine, lysine, serine, succinate, fumarate, phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP, ADP, and AMP have potential roles in regulating SSCs proliferation and differentiation. In summary, this study established a SCs-SSCs co-culture system and identified a list of genes and small metabolic molecules that affect the proliferation and differentiation of SSCs. This study provides additional insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying interactions between SCs and SSCs during mammalian spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nana Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Manchun Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youji Ma
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30
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Hullfish H, Roldan LP, Hoffer ME. The Use of Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022; 55:983-991. [PMID: 36088150 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
As of today, there are no therapeutic measures for the prevention or treatment of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The current preventative measures, including avoidance and personal protective hearing equipment, do not appear to be sufficient because there is an increasing number of people with NIHL, especially in the adolescent population. Therefore, we must find a therapy that prevents the impact of noise on hearing. Antioxidants are a promising option in preventing the damaging effects of noise by targeting free radicals but further studies are needed to confirm their efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Hullfish
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Luis P Roldan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael E Hoffer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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31
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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081613. [PMID: 36009331 PMCID: PMC9405171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.
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32
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Yu X, Wang X, Sun L, Yamazaki A, Li X. Tumor microenvironment regulation - enhanced radio - immunotherapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212867. [PMID: 35913249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is frequently utilized for cancer treatment in clinical practice and has been proved to have immune stimulation potency in recent years. However, its inhibitory effect on tumor growth, especially on tumor metastasis, is still limited by many factors, including the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, the TME - regulating SiO2@MnO2 nanoparticles (SM NPs) were prepared and applied to the combination of RT and immunotherapy. In a bilateral animal model, SM NPs not only enhanced the inhibitory effect of RT on primary tumor growth, but also strengthened the abscopal effect to inhibit the growth of distant untreated tumors. As for the distant untreated tumor, 40% of mice showed complete inhibition of tumor growth and 40% showed a suppressed tumor growth. Moreover, SM NPs showed modulation functions for TME through inducing the increase in intracellular levels of oxygen and reactive oxygen species after their reaction with hydrogen peroxide and the main antioxidative agent glutathione in TME. Lastly, SM NPs also effectively induced the increase in the amounts of cytokines secreted by macrophage - like cells, indicating modulation functions for immune responses. This work highlighted a potential strategy of simultaneously inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis through the regulation of TME and immune responses by SM NPs - enhanced radio - immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yu
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Shin-Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Xiupeng Wang
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Lue Sun
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Shin-Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Xia Li
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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33
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Kim HY, Baek GH, Lee W, Lee YJ, Shim WS, Choi YJ, Lee BH, Kim SK, Kang KW. CD44 is involved in liver regeneration through enhanced uptake of extracellular cystine. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e873. [PMID: 35538920 PMCID: PMC9091989 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hee Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seob Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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34
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Jeffries RE, Gomez SM, Macdonald JM, Gamcsik MP. Direct Detection of Glutathione Biosynthesis, Conjugation, Depletion and Recovery in Intact Hepatoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094733. [PMID: 35563124 PMCID: PMC9104575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor glutathione metabolism in alginate-encapsulated JM-1 hepatoma cells perfused with growth media containing [3,3′-13C2]-cystine. After 20 h of perfusion with labeled medium, the 13C NMR spectrum is dominated by the signal from the 13C-labeled glutathione. Once 13C-labeled, the high intensity of the glutathione resonance allows the acquisition of subsequent spectra in 1.2 min intervals. At this temporal resolution, the detailed kinetics of glutathione metabolism can be monitored as the thiol alkylating agent monobromobimane (mBBr) is added to the perfusate. The addition of a bolus dose of mBBr results in rapid diminution of the resonance for 13C-labeled glutathione due to a loss of this metabolite through alkylation by mBBr. As the glutathione resonance decreases, a new resonance due to the production of intracellular glutathione-bimane conjugate is detectable. After clearance of the mBBr dose from the cells, intracellular glutathione repletion is then observed by a restoration of the 13C-glutathione signal along with wash-out of the conjugate. These data demonstrate that standard NMR techniques can directly monitor intracellular processes such as glutathione depletion with a time resolution of approximately < 2 min.
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35
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Di Paola R, Modafferi S, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, D’Amico R, Ontario ML, Interdonato L, Salinaro AT, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Calabrese V, Cuzzocrea S. S-Acetyl-Glutathione Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Oxidative Imbalance and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084429. [PMID: 35457246 PMCID: PMC9024626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, depending on the stage of the disease, could lead to organ dysfunction and cirrhosis, and no effective treatment is actually available. Emergent proof supports a link between oxidative stress, liver fibrogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction as molecular bases of the pathology. A valid approach to protect against the disease would be to replenish the endogenous antioxidants; thus, we investigated the protective mechanisms of the S-acetyl-glutathione (SAG), a glutathione (GSH) prodrug. Preliminary in vitro analyses were conducted on primary hepatic cells. SAG pre-treatment significantly protected against cytotoxicity induced by CCl4. Additionally, CCl4 induced a marked increase in AST and ALT levels, whereas SAG significantly reduced these levels, reaching values found in the control group. For the in vivo analyses, mice were administered twice a week with eight consecutive intraperitoneal injections of 1 mL/kg CCl4 (diluted at 1:10 in olive oil) to induce oxidative imbalance and liver inflammation. SAG (30 mg/kg) was administered orally for 8 weeks. SAG significantly restored SOD activity, GSH levels and GPx activity, while it strongly reduced GSSG levels, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 and ROS levels in the liver. Additionally, CCl4 induced a decrease in anti-oxidants, including Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1, which were restored by treatment with SAG. The increased oxidative stress characteristic on liver disfunction causes the impairment of mitophagy and accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged mitochondria. Our results showed the protective effect of SAG administration in restoring mitophagy, as shown by the increased PINK1 and Parkin expressions in livers exposed to CCl4 intoxication. Thus, the SAG administration showed anti-inflammatory effects decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1β in both serum and liver, and suppressing the TLR4/NFkB pathway. SAG attenuated reduced fibrosis, collagen deposition, hepatocellular damage and organ dysfunction. In conclusion, our results suggest that SAG administration protects the liver from CCl4 intoxication by restoring the oxidative balance, ameliorating the impairment of mitophagy and leading to reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (L.I.); (D.I.); (S.C.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (L.I.); (D.I.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (L.I.); (D.I.); (S.C.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.T.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (L.I.); (D.I.); (S.C.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.D.); (L.I.); (D.I.); (S.C.)
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Cai X, Cai H, Wang J, Yang Q, Guan J, Deng J, Chen Z. Molecular pathogenesis of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its treatment options. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:265-285. [PMID: 35403383 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), is commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. APAP overdose can induce hepatic toxicity, known as acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). However, therapeutic doses of APAP can also induce AILI in patients with excessive alcohol intake or who are fasting. Hence, there is a need to understand the potential pathological mechanisms underlying AILI. In this review, we summarize three main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AILI: hepatocyte necrosis, sterile inflammation, and hepatocyte regeneration. The relevant factors are elucidated and discussed. For instance, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) protein adducts trigger mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress during hepatocyte necrosis, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released to elicit sterile inflammation, and certain growth factors contribute to liver regeneration. Finally, we describe the current potential treatment options for AILI patients and promising novel strategies available to researchers and pharmacists. This review provides a clearer understanding of AILI-related mechanisms to guide drug screening and selection for the clinical treatment of AILI patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. , .,Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. ,
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies are essential components of living organisms. Cellular scaffolds, such as the cytoskeleton or the cell membrane, are formed via secondary interactions between proteins or lipids and direct biological processes such as metabolism, proliferation and transport. Inspired by nature’s evolution of function through structure formation, a range of synthetic nanomaterials has been developed in the past decade, with the goal of creating non-natural supramolecular assemblies inside living mammalian cells. Given the intricacy of biological pathways and the compartmentalization of the cell, different strategies can be employed to control the assembly formation within the highly crowded, dynamic cellular environment. In this Review, we highlight emerging molecular design concepts aimed at creating precursors that respond to endogenous stimuli to build nanostructures within the cell. We describe the underlying reaction mechanisms that can provide spatial and temporal control over the subcellular formation of synthetic nanostructures. Showcasing recent advances in the development of bioresponsive nanomaterials for intracellular self-assembly, we also discuss their impact on cellular function and the challenges associated with establishing structure–bioactivity relationships, as well as their relevance for the discovery of novel drugs and imaging agents, to address the shortfall of current solutions to pressing health issues. ![]()
Creating artificial nanostructures inside living cells requires the careful design of molecules that can transform into active monomers within a complex cellular environment. This Review explores the recent development of bioresponsive precursors for the controlled formation of intracellular supramolecular assemblies.
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Lucia A, Ferrarese E, Uygun K. Modeling energy depletion in rat livers using Nash equilibrium metabolic pathway analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3496. [PMID: 35241684 PMCID: PMC8894355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current gold standard of Static Cold Storage (SCS), which is static cold storage on ice (about + 4 °C) in a specialized media such as the University of Wisconsin solution (UW), limits storage to few hours for vascular and metabolically active tissues such as the liver and the heart. The liver is arguably the pinnacle of metabolism in human body and therefore metabolic pathway analysis immediately becomes very relevant. In this article, a Nash Equilibrium (NE) approach, which is a first principles approach, is used to model and simulate the static cold storage and warm ischemia of a proposed model of liver cells. Simulations of energy depletion in the liver in static cold storage measured by ATP content and energy charge are presented along with comparisons to experimental data. In addition, conversion of Nash Equilibrium iterations to time are described along with an uncertainty analysis for the parameters in the model. Results in this work show that the Nash Equilibrium approach provides a good match to experimental data for energy depletion and that the uncertainty in model parameters is very small with percent variances less than 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Lucia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kington, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Emily Ferrarese
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kington, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Liu S, Wang J, Shi YE, Zhai Y, Lv YK, Zhang P, Wang Z. Glutathione modulated fluorescence quenching of sulfur quantum dots by Cu 2O nanoparticles for sensitive assay. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120365. [PMID: 34509893 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur quantum dots (S-dots) show great potential for applications in various field, due to their favorable biocompatibility, high stability, and antibacterial properties. However, the use of S-dots in chemical sensing is limited by the lack of functional groups on the surface. In this work, a fluorescence glutathione (GSH) assay is developed based on the GSH modulated quenching effect of Cu2O nanoparticles (NP) on S-dots. The fluorescence of S-dots is effectively quenched after forming complex with Cu2O NP through a static quenching effect (SQE). Introducing of GSH can trigger the decomposition of Cu2O NP into GSH-Cu(I) complex, which leads to the weaken of SQE and the partial recover of the fluorescence. The intensity of recovered fluorescence shows a positive correlation with the concentration of GSH in the concentration range of 20 to 500 μM. The fluorescence GSH assay shows excellent selectivity and robustness towards various interferences and high concentration salt, which endow the successful detection of GSH in human blood sample. The presented results provide a new door for the design of fluorescence assays, which also provides a platform for the applications in nanomedicine and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- College of Modern Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yu-E Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yongqing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Luohu people's hospital, No. 47 Youyi Rd, Luohu, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Pavão ML, Ferin R, Lima A, Baptista J. Cysteine and related aminothiols in cardiovascular disease, obesity and insulin resistance. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 109:75-127. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Importance of Nitric Oxide as the Molecular Basis of the Hydrogen Gas Fumigation-Induced Alleviation of Cd Stress on Ganoderma lucidum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010010. [PMID: 35049950 PMCID: PMC8780922 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether or not hydrogen gas (H2) can reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Ganoderma lucidum has remained largely unknown. Here, we report that Cd-induced growth inhibition in G. lucidum was significantly alleviated by H2 fumigation or hydrogen-rich water (HRW), evaluated by lower oxidative damage and Cd accumulation. Moreover, the amelioration effects of H2 fumigation were better than of HRW in an optimum concentration of H2 under our experimental conditions. Further results showed that H2-alleviated growth inhibition in G. lucidum was accompanied by increased nitric oxide (NO) level and nitrate reductase (NR) activity under Cd stress. On the other hand, the mitigation effects were reversed after removing endogenous NO with its scavenger cPTIO or inhibiting H2-induced NR activity with sodium tungstate. The role of NO in H2-alleviated growth inhibition under Cd stress was proved to be achieved through a restoration of redox balance, an increase in cysteine and proline contents, and a reduction in Cd accumulation. In summary, these results clearly revealed that NR-dependent NO might be involved in the H2-alleviated Cd toxicity in G. lucidum through rebuilding redox homeostasis, increasing cysteine and proline levels, and reducing Cd accumulation. These findings may open a new window for H2 application in Cd-stressed economically important fungi.
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Hanssen KM, Haber M, Fletcher JI. Targeting multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1)-expressing cancers: Beyond pharmacological inhibition. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100795. [PMID: 34983733 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the most significant obstacles to successful cancer treatment. While inhibiting drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a seemingly attractive and logical approach to combat multidrug resistance (MDR), small molecule inhibition of ABC transporters has so far failed to confer clinical benefit, despite considerable efforts by medicinal chemists, biologists, and clinicians. The long-sought treatment to eradicate cancers displaying ABC transporter overexpression may therefore lie within alternative targeting strategies. When aberrantly expressed, the ABC transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) confers MDR, but can also shift cellular redox balance, leaving the cell vulnerable to select agents. Here, we explore the physiological roles of MRP1, the rational for targeting this transporter in cancer, the development of small molecule MRP1 inhibitors, and the most recent developments in alternative therapeutic approaches for targeting cancers with MRP1 overexpression. We discuss approaches that extend beyond simple MRP1 inhibition by exploiting the collateral sensitivity to glutathione depletion and ferroptosis, the rationale for targeting the shared transcriptional regulators of both MRP1 and glutathione biosynthesis, advances in gene silencing, and new molecules that modulate transporter activity to the detriment of the cancer cell. These strategies illustrate promising new approaches to address multidrug resistant disease that extend beyond the simple reversal of MDR and offer exciting routes for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M Hanssen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Campbell K, Cosenza N, Meech R, Buhnerkempe M, Qin J, Rybak L, Fox D. Preloaded D-methionine protects from steady state and impulse noise-induced hearing loss and induces long-term cochlear and endogenous antioxidant effects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261049. [PMID: 34879107 PMCID: PMC8654202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Determine effective preloading timepoints for D-methionine (D-met) otoprotection from steady state or impulse noise and impact on cochlear and serum antioxidant measures. Design D-met started 2.0-, 2.5-, 3.0-, or 3.5- days before steady-state or impulse noise exposure with saline controls. Auditory brainstem response (ABRs) measured from 2 to 20 kHz at baseline and 21 days post-noise. Samples were then collected for serum (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx) and cochlear (GSH, GSSG) antioxidant levels. Study sample Ten Chinchillas per group. Results Preloading D-met significantly reduced ABR threshold shifts for both impulse and steady state noise exposures but with different optimal starting time points and with differences in antioxidant measures. For impulse noise exposure, the 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 day preloading start provide significant threshold shift protection at all frequencies. Compared to the saline controls, serum GR for the 3.0 and 3.5 day preloading groups was significantly increased at 21 days with no significant increase in SOD, CAT or GPx for any impulse preloading time point. Cochlear GSH, GSSG, and GSH/GSSG ratio were not significantly different from saline controls at 21 days post noise exposure. For steady state noise exposure, significant threshold shift protection occurred at all frequencies for the 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5 day preloading start times but protection only occurred at 3 of the 6 test frequencies for the 2.0 day preloading start point. Compared to the saline controls, preloaded D-met steady-state noise groups demonstrated significantly higher serum SOD for the 2.5–3.5 day starting time points and GPx for the 2.5 day starting time but no significant increase in GR or CAT for any preloading time point. Compared to saline controls, D-met significantly increased cochlear GSH concentrations in the 2 and 2.5 day steady-state noise exposed groups but no significant differences in GSSG or the GSH/GSSG ratio were noted for any steady state noise-exposed group. Conclusions The optimal D-met preloading starting time window is earlier for steady state (3.5–2.5 days) than impulse noise (3.0–2.0). At 21 days post impulse noise, D-met increased serum GR for 2 preloading time points but not SOD, CAT, or GpX and not cochlear GSH, GSSG or the GSH/GSSG ratio. At 21 days post steady state noise D-met increased serum SOD and GPx at select preloading time points but not CAT or GR. However D-met did increase the cochlear GSH at select preloading time points but not GSSG or the GSH/GSSG ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Campbell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole Cosenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert Meech
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Buhnerkempe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Statistics, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Leonard Rybak
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel Fox
- Department of Clinical Research, Springfield Clinic, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
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Niu B, Liao K, Zhou Y, Wen T, Quan G, Wu C, Pan X. Cellular defense system-destroying nanoparticles as a platform for enhanced chemotherapy against drug-resistant cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112494. [PMID: 34857280 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular defense system represented by glutathione (GSH) greatly weakens the outcomes of cancer therapy by antioxidation and detoxification. GSH depletion has been proved to be an effective way to enhance the efficacy of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapies and chemotherapy. However, the existing strategies of GSH depletion still face the problems of unclear biosafety and high complexity of multicomponent co-delivery. In this study, we developed a GSH-depleting carrier platform based on disulfide-bridged mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) to destroy the cellular defense system for cancer therapy. Responding to the high level of GSH in cancer cells, the disulfide bonds in the framework of MONs could be broken and consumed substantial GSH at the same time. Moreover, this process also promoted the degradation of MONs. In order to evaluate the effect of this platform in cancer therapy, chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was loaded into MONs (Pt@MONs) to treat drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. In vitro and in vivo results indicated that Pt@MONs efficiently triggered GSH depletion, promoted platinum-DNA adduct formation, and induced cell apoptosis, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition without marked toxicity. Taken together, the cellular defense system-destroying nanoparticles provide a promising platform for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kim EH, Jeong JA, Choi EK, Jeong TY. Antioxidant enzyme activity in Daphnia magna under microscopic observation and shed carapace length as an alternative growth endpoint. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148771. [PMID: 34225144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Daphnia magna is an important organism for exposure studies in ecotoxicology. Body length measurement of a daphnid is a useful endpoint that represents the adverse effects of exposed chemicals or conditions on growth. This study questioned whether stress on body length measurement conditions while maintaining Daphnia magna on a slide glass results in any impact to antioxidant enzyme activity or growth. At the same time, the shed carapace length was tested to see if it could predict body length and be used as an alternative endpoint. The measured catalase (CAT) activity decreased as the exposure time to the on-slide conditions increased from 30 s to 120 s, although glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was not affected. On the other hand, regression between body length and two parameters of shed carapace length showed R2 values, 0.869 and 0.924. Growth measured for each molting for three weeks was not affected by the exposure to the on-slide conditions. Finally, this study confirmed potential oxidative stress based on the exposure time dependent CAT activity in Daphnia magna under microscopic observation. More importantly, the shed carapace length was validated to reflect body length and it implies applicability of the new parameters to sublethal effect measurement using Daphnia magna. This study suggests potential interference is possible with the traditional growth measurement method on antioxidant enzyme activity in Daphnia magna and proposes better experimental practices to avoid the interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju An Jeong
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyong Choi
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea.
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Perinatal Acetaminophen Exposure and Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Exploring the Role of Umbilical Cord Plasma Metabolites in Oxidative Stress Pathways. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101302. [PMID: 34679367 PMCID: PMC8533963 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress mechanisms may explain associations between perinatal acetaminophen exposure and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether the changes in umbilical cord plasma amino acids needed to synthesize the antioxidant glutathione and in the oxidative stress biomarker 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine may explain the association between cord plasma acetaminophen and ADHD in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). Mother–child dyads were followed at the Boston Medical Center between 1998 and 2018. Cord plasma analytes were measured from archived samples collected at birth. Physician diagnoses of childhood ADHD were obtained from medical records. The final sample consisted of 568 participants (child mean age [SD]: 9.3 [3.5] years, 315 (52.8%) male, 248 (43.7%) ADHD, 320 (56.3%) neurotypical development). Cord unmetabolized acetaminophen was positively correlated with methionine (R = 0.33, p < 0.001), serine (R = 0.30, p < 0.001), glycine (R = 0.34, p < 0.001), and glutamate (R = 0.16, p < 0.001). Children with cord acetaminophen levels >50th percentile appeared to have higher risk of ADHD for each increase in cord 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine level. Adjusting for covariates, increasing cord methionine, glycine, serine, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine were associated with significantly higher odds for childhood ADHD. Cord methionine statistically mediated 22.1% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.167, SE = 0.071, p = 0.019) and glycine mediated 22.0% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.166, SE = 0.078, p = 0.032) of the association between cord acetaminophen >50th percentile with ADHD. Our findings provide some clues, but additional investigation into oxidative stress pathways and the association of acetaminophen exposure and childhood ADHD is warranted.
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Review of the Effectiveness of Various Adjuvant Therapies in Treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Dis Rep 2021; 13:821-834. [PMID: 34562999 PMCID: PMC8482146 DOI: 10.3390/idr13030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis disease is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is estimated that 10 million people have developed tuberculosis disease globally, leading to 1.4 million deaths in 2019. Treatment of tuberculosis has been especially challenging due to the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR-TB) tuberculosis. In addition to drug-resistant genotypes, the standard treatment of tuberculosis by first-line agents is also challenging due to toxicity and costs. In the last four decades, there have only been two new anti-tuberculosis agents—bedaquiline and delamanid. Therefore, shorter, safer, and more cost-effective therapies are needed to adequately treat tuberculosis. In this review, we explore various adjuvants such as glutathione, everolimus, vitamin D, steroid, aspirin, statin, and metformin and their usefulness in reducing the burden of tuberculosis. Glutathione, everolimus, aspirin, and metformin showed the most promise in alleviating the burden of tuberculosis. Despite their potential, more clinical trials are needed to unequivocally establish the effectiveness of these adjuvants as future clinical therapies. Methods: The journals for this review were selected by conducting a search via PubMed, Google Scholar, and The Lancet. Our first search included keywords such as “tuberculosis” and “adjuvant therapy.” From the search, we made a list of adjuvants associated with tuberculosis, and this helped guide us with our second online database search. Using the same three online databases, we searched “tuberculosis” and “respective therapy.” The adjuvants included in the paper were selected based on the availability of sufficient research and support between the therapy and tuberculosis. Adjuvants with minimal research support were excluded. There were no specific search criteria regarding the timing of publication, with our citations ranging between 1979 to 2021.
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Liu W, Zhou Y, Duan W, Song J, Wei S, Xia S, Wang Y, Du X, Li E, Ren C, Wang W, Zhan Q, Wang Q. Glutathione peroxidase 4-dependent glutathione high-consumption drives acquired platinum chemoresistance in lung cancer-derived brain metastasis. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e517. [PMID: 34586745 PMCID: PMC8473645 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based chemotherapy is effective in inducing shrinkage of primary lung cancer lesions; however, it shows finite therapeutic efficacy in patients suffering from brain metastasis (BM). The intrinsic changes of BM cells, which contribute to the poor results remain unknown. METHODS Platinum drug-sensitivity was assessed by utilizing a preclinical BM model of PC9 lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. High consumption of glutathione (GSH) and two associated upregulated proteins (GPX4 and GSTM1) in BM were identified by integrated metabolomics and proteomics in cell lines and verified by clinical serum sample. Gain-of-function and rescue experiments were implemented to reveal the impact and mechanism of GPX4 and GSTM1 on the chemosensitivity in BM. The interaction between GPX4 and GSTM1 was examined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The mechanism of upregulation of GPX4 was further uncovered by luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS The derivative brain metastatic subpopulations (PC9-BrMs) of parental cells PC9 developed obvious resistance to platinum. Radically altered profiles of BM metabolism and protein expression compared with primary lung cancer cells were described and GPX4 and GSTM1 were identified as being responsible for the high consumption of GSH, leading to decreased chemosensitivity by negatively regulating ferroptosis. Besides, GSTM1 was found regulated by GPX4, which was transcriptionally activated by the Wnt/NR2F2 signaling axis in BM. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Wnt/NR2F2/GPX4 promoted acquired chemoresistance by suppressing ferroptosis with high consumption of GSH. GPX4 inhibitor was found to augment the anticancer effect of platinum drugs in lung cancer BM, providing novel strategies for lung cancer patients with BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shengkai Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingyan Wang
- Laboratory Center for Diagnostics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caixia Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Campbell KCM, Cosenza N, Meech R, Buhnerkempe M, Qin J, Rybak L, Fox DJ. D-methionine immediate and continued rescue after noise exposure does not prevent temporary threshold shift but alters cochlear and serum antioxidant levels. Int J Audiol 2021; 61:769-777. [PMID: 34369249 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1959659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine if D-methionine (D-met) rescue prevents temporary threshold shift (TTS) from steady-state or impulse noise and determine D-met's impact on serum and cochlear antioxidant levels. DESIGN D-met at 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/doses were administered 0, 6 and 18 hours-post noise. ABRs at baseline and 24 hours post-noise measured TTS. Serum (SOD, CAT, GR, GPx) and cochlear (GSH, GSSG) antioxidant levels measured physiological influence. Three control groups, with impulse or steady-state or without noise, were saline-injected. STUDY SAMPLE Ten Chinchillas/group. RESULTS D-met rescue did not significantly reduce TTS or impact serum CAT, SOD, GPx or GR levels vs. noise-exposed control groups, but TTS was greater in all groups relative to no-noise controls. D-met significantly elevated CAT at 50 mg/kg vs. steady-state controls and SOD at 200 mg/kg vs. impulse noise controls. D-met significantly reduced cochlear GSH/GSSG ratios in the 100 mg/kg D-met group vs. impulse noise controls. CONCLUSIONS While D-met rescue has reduced permanent threshold shift in previous studies, it did not reduce TTS in this study. However, D-met rescue did alter selective serum and cochlear oxidative state changes 24 hours post-noise relative to controls. Results demonstrate TTS studies do not always predict PTS protection in otoprotectant experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C M Campbell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Cosenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Robert Meech
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Michael Buhnerkempe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Leonard Rybak
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Fox
- Department of Clinical Research, Springfield Clinic, Springfield, IL, USA
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Matuz-Mares D, Riveros-Rosas H, Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Meza H. Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1220. [PMID: 34439468 PMCID: PMC8389000 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient's conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (H.R.-R.)
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (H.R.-R.)
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