1
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Götz MG, Godwin K, Price R, Dorn R, Merrill-Steskal G, Klemmer W, Hansen H, Produturi G, Rocha M, Palmer M, Molacek L, Strater Z, Groll M. Macrocyclic Oxindole Peptide Epoxyketones-A Comparative Study of Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the 20S Proteasome. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:533-539. [PMID: 38628795 PMCID: PMC11017298 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide macrocycles have recently gained attention as protease inhibitors due to their metabolic stability and specificity. However, the development of peptide macrocycles with improved binding potency has so far been challenging. Here we present macrocyclic peptides derived from the clinically applied proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib with an oxindole group that mimics the natural product TMC-95A. Fluorescence kinetic activity assays reveal a high potency of the oxindole group (IC50 = 0.19 μM) compared with agents lacking this motif. X-ray structures of the ligands with the β5-subunit of the yeast 20S proteasome illustrate that the installed macrocycle forces strong hydrogen bonding of the oxindole group with β5-Gly23NH. Thus, the binding of our designed oxindole epoxyketones is entropically and enthalpically favored in contrast to more flexible proteasome inhibitors such as carfilzomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion G. Götz
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Kacey Godwin
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Rachel Price
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Robert Dorn
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | | | - William Klemmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Hunter Hansen
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Gautam Produturi
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Megan Rocha
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Mathias Palmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Lea Molacek
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Zack Strater
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Michael Groll
- Technical
University of Munich, TUM School of Natural
Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Ernst-Otto-Fischer
Strasse 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Zhou H, Lei M, Wang W, Guo M, Wang J, Zhang H, Qiao L, Feng H, Liu Z, Chen L, Hou J, Wang X, Gu C, Zhao B, Izumchenko E, Yang Y, Zhu Y. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the novel oral proteasome inhibitor NNU546 in multiple myeloma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22949-22974. [PMID: 33203800 PMCID: PMC7746380 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition demonstrates highly effective impact on multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. Here, we aimed to examine anti-tumor efficiency and underlying mechanisms of a novel well tolerated orally applicable proteasome inhibitor NNU546 and its hydrolyzed pharmacologically active form NNU219. NNU219 showed more selective inhibition to proteasome catalytic subunits and less off-target effect than bortezomib ex vivo. Moreover, intravenous and oral administration of either NNU219 or NNU546 led to more sustained pharmacodynamic inhibitions of proteasome activities compared with bortezomib. Importantly, NNU219 exhibited potential anti-MM activity in both MM cell lines and primary samples in vitro. The anti-MM activity of NNU219 was associated with induction of G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis via activation of the caspase cascade and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Significant growth-inhibitory effects of NNU219 and NNU546 were observed in 3 different human MM xenograft mouse models. Furthermore, such observation was even found in the presence of a bone marrow microenvironment. Taken together, these findings provided the basis for clinical trial of NNU546 to determine its potential as a candidate for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Meng Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Wang Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Li Qiao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huayun Feng
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Zhaogang Liu
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Jianhao Hou
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Chenxi Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.,The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.,Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210046, PR China
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3
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic now totaling 13,000,000 cases and over 571,000 deaths has continued to teach the medical, scientific and lay communities about viral infectious disease in the modern era. Among the many lessons learned for the medical community is the potential for transmissibility and host infectivity of the SARS–CoV-2 virus. Moreover, it has become clear that the virus can affect any organ including the circulatory system, directly via either tissue tropism or indirectly stemming from inflammatory responses in the form of innate immunity, leukocyte debris such as cell-free DNA and histones and RNA viral particles. The following review considers COVID-19-associated vasculitis and vasculopathy as a defining feature of a virus-induced systemic disease with acute, subacute and potential chronic health implications.
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4
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Ria R, Melaccio A, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Anti-VEGF Drugs in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 32517267 PMCID: PMC7355441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and plasma cells plays an essential role in multiple myeloma progression and drug resistance. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathway in vascular endothelial cells activates and promotes angiogenesis. Moreover, VEGF activates and promotes vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry when it interacts with VEGF receptors expressed in precursor cells and inflammatory cells, respectively. In myeloma bone marrow, VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are upregulated and hyperactive in the stromal and tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that several antiangiogenic agents can effectively target VEGF-related pathways in the preclinical phase. However, they are not successful in treating multiple myeloma, probably due to the vicarious action of other cytokines and signaling pathways. Thus, the simultaneous blocking of multiple cytokine pathways, including the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, may represent a valid strategy to treat multiple myeloma. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the role of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway in multiple myeloma, and mainly focuses on the transcription pathway and on strategies that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.); (A.V.)
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5
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Zhou P, Zhu M, Zhang C, Chen D, Zheng H. International Publication Trends in Proteasome Inhibitors: From Tools for Cell Biologists to Anticancer Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190325165106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There has been increased interest in the research of proteasome inhibitors
for more than two decades. Hotspots in this field are constantly changing.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate trends in proteasome inhibitors research from 1992 to
2018 and compare the contributions of such research from different countries and authors.
Methods:
We used Excel 2013 and VoSviewer to analyze bibliometric data on the subject of
proteasome inhibitors, including the number of publications, citations frequency, H-index, and
country contributions and hotspots (keywords of popular scientific fields).
Results:
A total of 3646 articles were included. The USA contributed the largest percentage of
articles (1742), with the most citations (90666) and the highest H-index (139). The journal Blood had
the most articles. Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Millennium Pharmaceuticals Incorporation were
the most contributive institutions. Keywords could be divided into three clusters: Basic experiment,
clinical research, and others.
Conclusion:
The number of proteasome inhibitors articles has been increasing for the past 27 years.
The USA made the largest contribution in this field. Recent studies on the topic of “carfilzomib” are
relatively new and should be closely followed in proteasome inhibitors research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minhui Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Ōmura S, Crump A. Lactacystin: first-in-class proteasome inhibitor still excelling and an exemplar for future antibiotic research. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:189-201. [PMID: 30755736 PMCID: PMC6760633 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lactacystin exemplifies the role that serendipity plays in drug discovery and why “finding things without actually looking for them” retains such a pivotal role in the search for the useful properties of chemicals. The first proteasome inhibitor discovered, lactacystin stimulated new possibilities in cancer control. New and innovative uses are regularly being found for lactacystin, including as a model to study dementia, while new formulations and delivery systems may facilitate its use clinically as an anticancer agent. All this provides yet more evidence that we need a comprehensive, collaborative and coordinated programme to fully investigate all new and existing chemical compounds, especially those of microbial origin. We need to do so in order to avoid failing to detect and successfully exploit unsought yet potentially life-saving or extremely advantageous properties of microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Andy Crump
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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7
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Luna JI, Grossenbacher SK, Sturgill IR, Ames E, Judge SJ, Bouzid LA, Darrow MA, Murphy WJ, Canter RJ. Bortezomib Augments Natural Killer Cell Targeting of Stem-Like Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010085. [PMID: 30646520 PMCID: PMC6356940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells harboring stem-like/cancer stem cell (CSC) properties have been identified and isolated from numerous hematological and solid malignancies. These stem-like tumor cells can persist following conventional cytoreductive therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thereby repopulating the tumor and seeding relapse and/or metastasis. We have previously shown that natural killer (NK) cells preferentially target stem-like tumor cells via non- major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted mechanisms. Here, we demonstrated that the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, augments NK cell targeting of stem cell-like tumor cells against multiple solid human tumor-derived cancer lines and primary tissue samples. Mechanistically, this was mediated by the upregulation of cell surface NK ligands MHC class I chain-related protein A and B (MICA and MICB) on aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH)-positive CSCs. The increased expression of MICA and MICB on CSC targets thereby enhanced NK cell mediated killing in vitro and ex vivo from both human primary tumor and patient-derived xenograft samples. In vivo, the combination of bortezomib and allogeneic NK cell adoptive transfer in immunodeficient mice led to increased elimination of CSCs as well as tumor growth delay of orthotopic glioblastoma tumors. Taken together, our data support the combination bortezomib and NK transfer as a strategy for both CSC targeting and potentially improved outcomes in clinical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus I Luna
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Steven K Grossenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Ian R Sturgill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Erik Ames
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Sean J Judge
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Lyes A Bouzid
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Morgan A Darrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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8
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De Marco C, Rinaldo N, De Vita F, Forzati F, Caira E, Iovane V, Paciello O, Montanaro D, D'Andrea S, Baldassarre G, Papparella S, Malanga D, Baldi A, Viglietto G. The T197A Knock-in Model of Cdkn1b Gene to Study the Effects of p27 Restoration In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:482-493. [PMID: 30425132 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The CDK inhibitor, p27kip1, encoded by the Cdkn1b gene can negatively modulate cell proliferation. The control of p27 activity during the cell cycle is regulated at multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and protein stability. The last residue of p27 (threonine 198 in human, threonine 197 in mouse) is involved in the control of protein stability. We have generated a murine knock-in model (Cdkn1b T197A) in which threonine 197 is replaced by alanine, which renders p27 protein highly unstable due to a high rate of proteasomal degradation. Expectedly, Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice present with increased body size and weight, organomegaly, and multiple organ hyperplasia, similar to what is observed in Cdkn1b KO/KO mice. We investigated the effects exerted by the restoration of normal levels of p27 protein in the tissue of Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice. We found that proteasome inhibition with bortezomib rescues the hyperplasia induced by the lack of p27 expression in Cdkn1b T197A/T197A but not in Cdkn1b KO/KO mice. However, BAY 11-7082, a proteasome inhibitor that stabilizes IκB but not p27, fails to rescue hyperplasia in Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice. Bortezomib increases p27 half-life and reduces the proliferation in MEFs derived from Cdkn1b T197A/T197A but not from Cdkn1b WT/WT mice, whereas BAY 11-7082 had no effect on the protein levels of p27 and on the proliferation rate of Cdkn1b T197A/T197A MEFs.The results presented here demonstrate that Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice represent an attractive in vivo model to investigate whether the targeting of p27 degradation machinery might prove beneficial in the treatment of a variety of human proliferative disorders caused by increased turnover of p27 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Marco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Rinaldo
- Biogem S.c.a.r.l, Genetic Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore," Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Fernanda De Vita
- Biogem S.c.a.r.l, Genetic Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore," Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"-CNR c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Caira
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Sara D'Andrea
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Serenella Papparella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella Malanga
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy.
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9
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Bastola P, Oien DB, Cooley M, Chien J. Emerging Cancer Therapeutic Targets in Protein Homeostasis. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:94. [PMID: 30151644 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genomic aberrations inside malignant cells through copy number alterations, aneuploidy, and mutations can exacerbate misfolded and unfolded protein burden resulting in increased proteotoxic stress. Increased proteotoxic stress can be deleterious to malignant cells; therefore, these cells rely heavily on the protein quality control mechanisms for survival and proliferation. Components of the protein quality control, such as the unfolded protein response, heat shock proteins, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome system, orchestrate a cascade of downstream events that allow the mitigation of the proteotoxic stress. This dependency makes components of the protein quality control mechanisms attractive targets in cancer therapeutics. In this review, we explore the components of the protein homeostasis especially focusing on the emerging cancer therapeutic agents/targets that are being actively pursued actively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Bastola
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66130, USA
| | - Derek B Oien
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Megan Cooley
- Methods Development, Small Molecules, PRA Health Sciences, Lenexa, KS, 66215, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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10
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Zhou W, Wei L, Xiao T, Lai C, Peng M, Xu L, Luo X, Deng S, Zhang F. Diabetogenic agent alloxan is a proteasome inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:400-406. [PMID: 28502636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alloxan has been used as a diabetogenic agent to induce diabetes. It selectively induces pancreatic β-cell death. The specific toxicity, however, is not fully understood. In this study, we observed the effect of alloxan on proteasome function. We found that alloxan caused the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in NRK cells through the inhibition of the proteolytic activities of the proteasome. Biochemistry experiments with purified 26S and 20S proteasomes revealed that alloxan directly acts on the chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like peptidase activities. These results demonstrate that alloxan is a proteasome inhibitor, which suggests that its specific toxicity toward β-cell is at least in part through proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Chunyou Lai
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Min Peng
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Xiangwei Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, SC 610072, China.
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11
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Sun X, Ackerstaff E, He F, Xing L, Hsiao HT, Koutcher JA, Ling CC, Li GC. Visualizing the antivascular effect of bortezomib on the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34732-44. [PMID: 26416246 PMCID: PMC4741486 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib, a novel proteasome inhibitor, has been approved for treating multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma and studied pre-clinically and clinically for solid tumors. Preferential cytotoxicity of bortezomib was found toward hypoxic tumor cells and endothelial cells in vitro. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of a pretreatment hypoxic tumor microenvironment on the effects of bortezomib in vitro and ex vivo, and explore the feasibility of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) to noninvasively evaluate the biological effects of bortezomib. It was shown in vitro by Western blot, flow cytometry, and ELISA that bortezomib accumulated HIF-1α in non-functional forms and blocks its hypoxia response in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Ex vivo experiments were performed with fluorescent immunohistochemical staining techniques using multiple endogenous and exogenous markers to identify hypoxia (pimonidazole, HRE-TKeGFP), blood flow/permeability (Hoechst 33342), micro-vessels (CD31 and SMA), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) and hypoxia response (CA9). After bortezomib administration, overall apoptosis index was significantly increased and blood perfusion was dramatically decreased in tumor xenografts. More importantly, apoptosis signals were found preferentially located in moderate and severe pretreatment hypoxic regions in both tumor and endothelial cells. Meanwhile, DCE MRI examinations showed that the tumor blood flow and permeability decreased significantly after bortezomib administration. The present study revealed that bortezomib reduces tumor hypoxia response and blood perfusion, thus, presenting antivascular properties. It will be important to determine the hypoxic/perfusion status pre- and during treatment at further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Ackerstaff
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fuqiu He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hung Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Current address: Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, Yanchau District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jason A Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Clifton Ling
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria C Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lobo MR, Kukino A, Tran H, Schabel MC, Springer CS, Gillespie GY, Grafe MR, Woltjer RL, Pike MM. Synergistic Antivascular and Antitumor Efficacy with Combined Cediranib and SC6889 in Intracranial Mouse Glioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144488. [PMID: 26645398 PMCID: PMC4672903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis remains extremely poor for malignant glioma. Targeted therapeutic approaches, including single agent anti-angiogenic and proteasome inhibition strategies, have not resulted in sustained anti-glioma clinical efficacy. We tested the anti-glioma efficacy of the anti-angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor cediranib and the novel proteasome inhibitor SC68896, in combination and as single agents. To assess anti-angiogenic effects and evaluate efficacy we employed 4C8 intracranial mouse glioma and a dual-bolus perfusion MRI approach to measure Ktrans, relative cerebral blood flow and volume (rCBF, rCBV), and relative mean transit time (rMTT) in combination with anatomical MRI measurements of tumor growth. While single agent cediranib or SC68896 treatment did not alter tumor growth or survival, combined cediranib/SC68896 significantly delayed tumor growth and increased median survival by 2-fold, compared to untreated. This was accompanied by substantially increased tumor necrosis in the cediranib/SC68896 group (p<0.01), not observed with single agent treatments. Mean vessel density was significantly lower, and mean vessel lumen area was significantly higher, for the combined cediranib/SC68896 group versus untreated. Consistent with our previous findings, cediranib alone did not significantly alter mean tumor rCBF, rCBV, rMTT, or Ktrans. In contrast, SC68896 reduced rCBF in comparison to untreated, but without concomitant reductions in rCBV, rMTT, or Ktrans. Importantly, combined cediranib/SC68896 substantially reduced rCBF, rCBV. rMTT, and Ktrans. A novel analysis of Ktrans/rCBV suggests that changes in Ktrans with time and/or treatment are related to altered total vascular surface area. The data suggest that combined cediranib/SC68896 induced potent anti-angiogenic effects, resulting in increased vascular efficiency and reduced extravasation, consistent with a process of vascular normalization. The study represents the first demonstration that the combination of cediranib with a proteasome inhibitor substantially increases the anti-angiogenic efficacy produced from either agent alone, and synergistically slows glioma tumor growth and extends survival, suggesting a promising treatment which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryl R. Lobo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ayaka Kukino
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Huong Tran
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matthias C. Schabel
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Marjorie R. Grafe
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Randall L. Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martin M. Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Activation of Cell Surface Bound 20S Proteasome Inhibits Vascular Cell Growth and Arteriogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:719316. [PMID: 26146628 PMCID: PMC4471257 DOI: 10.1155/2015/719316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arteriogenesis is an inflammatory process associated with rapid cellular changes involving vascular resident endothelial progenitor cells (VR-EPCs). Extracellular cell surface bound 20S proteasome has been implicated to play an important role in inflammatory processes. In our search for antigens initially regulated during collateral growth mAb CTA 157-2 was generated against membrane fractions of growing collateral vessels. CTA 157-2 stained endothelium of growing collateral vessels and the cell surface of VR-EPCs. CTA 157-2 bound a protein complex (760 kDa) that was identified as 26 kDa α7 and 21 kDa β3 subunit of 20S proteasome in mass spectrometry. Furthermore we demonstrated specific staining of 20S proteasome after immunoprecipitation of VR-EPC membrane extract with CTA 157-2 sepharose beads. Functionally, CTA 157-2 enhanced concentration dependently AMC (7-amino-4-methylcoumarin) cleavage from LLVY (N-Succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr) by recombinant 20S proteasome as well as proteasomal activity in VR-EPC extracts. Proliferation of VR-EPCs (BrdU incorporation) was reduced by CTA 157-2. Infusion of the antibody into the collateral circulation reduced number of collateral arteries, collateral proliferation, and collateral conductance in vivo. In conclusion our results indicate that extracellular cell surface bound 20S proteasome influences VR-EPC function in vitro and collateral growth in vivo.
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Wilck N, Ludwig A. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system in atherosclerosis: status quo, challenges, and perspectives. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:2344-63. [PMID: 24506455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease of worldwide significance with fatal complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease leading to arterial plaque formation and vessel narrowing in different vascular beds. Besides the strong inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis, it is also characterized by proliferation, apoptosis, and enhanced oxidative stress. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major intracellular degradation system in eukaryotic cells. Besides its essential role in the degradation of dysfunctional and oxidatively damaged proteins, it is involved in many processes that influence disease progression in atherosclerosis. Hence, it is logical to ask whether targeting the proteasome is a reasonable and feasible option for the treatment of atherosclerosis. RECENT ADVANCES Several lines of evidence suggest stage-specific dysfunction of the UPS in atherogenesis. Regulation of key processes by the proteasome in atherosclerosis, as well as the modulation of these processes by proteasome inhibitors in vascular cells, is outlined in this review. The treatment of atherosclerotic animal models with proteasome inhibitors yielded partly opposing results, the potentially underlying reasons of which are discussed here. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Targeting UPS function in atherosclerosis is a promising but challenging option. Limitations of current proteasome inhibitors, dose dependency, and the cell specificity of effects, as well as the potential of future therapeutics are discussed. A stage-specific in-depth exploration of UPS function in atherosclerosis in the future will help identify targets and windows for beneficial intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wilck
- 1 Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Diethyldithiocarbamate complexes with metals used as food supplements show different effects in cancer cells. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Proteasome inhibitor inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in renal interstitial fibroblasts. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1357-65. [PMID: 24399732 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin proteasome pathway plays a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in a variety of normal and tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of a proteasome inhibitor on proliferation, apoptosis and related proteins in renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F). METHODS NRK-49F cells were induced using transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was also analyzed using a DNA ladder. The protein expression of p53, p27, p21, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax was examined using western blots. RESULTS The results showed that TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) can stimulate the proliferation of NRK-49F cells.MG-132 (0.25-5 μM) inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner through G1-arrest; TGF-β1 alone did not induce apoptosis (3.8 ± 0.4% vs. 4.7 ± 1.6%). However, pretreatment with MG-132 significantly induced apoptosis in TGF-b1-stimulated NRK-49F cells in a dose-dependent manner. A typical DNA ladder was also confirmed in these two groups. Western blot analysis showed that MG-132 activated p53, p21, caspase-3 and Bax, and inhibited Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner, while p27 expression remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS A proteasome inhibitor inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in renal interstitial fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1. The mechanism may relate to the p53, p21, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax pathways. Our results suggest that a proteasome inhibitor could be a new strategy to treat renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Abaza MSI, Bahman AM, Al-Attiyah RJ. Valproic acid, an anti-epileptic drug and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with proteasome inhibitors exerts antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and chemosensitizing effects in human colorectal cancer cells: underlying molecular mechanisms. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:513-32. [PMID: 24899129 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the therapeutic efficacy of valproic acid (VPA) has been observed in patients with solid tumors, the very high concentration required to induce antitumor activity limits its clinical utility. The present study focused on the development of combined molecular targeted therapies using VPA and proteasome inhibitors (PIs: MG132, PI-1 and PR-39) to determine whether this combination of treatments has synergistic anticancer and chemosensitizing effects against colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms of action of the VPA/PI combinations were evaluated. The effects of VPA in combination with PIs on the growth of colorectal cancer cells were assessed with regard to proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the expression of genes that control the cell cycle, apoptosis and pro-survival/stress-related pathways. Treatment with combinations of VPA and PIs resulted in an additive/synergistic decrease in colorectal cancer cell proliferation compared to treatment with VPA or PIs alone. The combination treatment was associated with a synergistic increase in apoptosis and in the number of cells arrested in the S phase of the cell cycle. These events were associated with increased ROS generation, pro-apoptotic gene expression and stress-related gene expression. These events were also associated with the decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes and pro-survival genes. The combination of VPA with MG132 or PI-1 enhanced the chemosensitivity of the SW1116 (29-185‑fold) and SW837 (50-620-fold) colorectal cancer cells. By contrast, the combination of VPA/PR-39 induced a pronounced increase in the chemosensitivity of the SW837 (16-54-fold) colorectal cancer cells. These data provide a rational basis for the clinical use of this combination therapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Salah I Abaza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Abdul-Majeed Bahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Raja'a J Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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Xing SS, Shen CC, Godard MP, Wang JJ, Yue YY, Yang ST, Zhao Q, Zhang SB, Wang TX, Yang XL, Delafontaine P, He Y, Song YH. Bortezomib inhibits C2C12 growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:375-80. [PMID: 24525132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteosome inhibitors such as bortezomib (BTZ) have been used to treat muscle wasting in animal models. However, direct effect of BTZ on skeletal muscle cells has not been reported. In the present study, our data showed that C2C12 cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability in response to increasing concentrations of BTZ. Consistent with the results of cell viability, Annexin V/PI analysis showed a significant increase in apoptosis after exposing the cells to BTZ for 24h. The detection of cleaved caspase-3 further confirmed apoptosis. The apoptosis induced by BTZ was associated with reduced expression of p-ERK. Cell cycle analysis revealed that C2C12 cells underwent G2/M cell cycle arrest when incubated with BTZ for 24h. Furthermore, BTZ inhibited formation of multinucleated myotubes. The inhibition of myotube formation was accompanied by decreased expression of Myogenin. Our data suggest that BTZ induces cell death and inhibits differentiation of C2C12 cells at clinically relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Xing
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - C C Shen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - M P Godard
- Department of Nutrition and Kinesiology, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA
| | - J J Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Y Y Yue
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - S T Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Q Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - S B Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - T X Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - X L Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - P Delafontaine
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Y He
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Key Lab, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Y H Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Preventive and therapeutic effects of MG132 by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway on oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular and renal injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:306073. [PMID: 23533688 PMCID: PMC3606804 DOI: 10.1155/2013/306073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
So far, cardiovascular and renal diseases have brought us not only huge economic burden but also serious society problems. Since effective therapeutic strategies are still limited, to find new methods for the prevention or therapy of these diseases is important. Oxidative stress has been found to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. In addition, activation of nuclear-factor-E2-related-factor-2- (Nrf2-) antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway protects cells and tissues from oxidative damage. As a proteasomal inhibitor, MG132 was reported to activate Nrf2 expression and function, which was accompanied with significant preventive and/or therapeutic effect on cardiovascular and renal diseases under most conditions; therefore, MG132 seems to be a potentially effective drug to be used in the prevention of oxidative damage. In this paper, we will summarize the information available regarding the effect of MG132 on oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular and renal damage, especially through Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.
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20
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Santamaría E, Sánchez-Quiles V, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Corrales FJ. A combination of affinity chromatography, 2D DIGE, and mass spectrometry to analyze the phosphoproteome of liver progenitor cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 909:165-80. [PMID: 22903716 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-959-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification that regulates cellular signaling pathways in multiple biological processes. A comprehensive analysis of protein phosphorylation patterns can only be achieved by employing different complementary experimental strategies all aiming at selective enrichment of phosphorylated proteins/peptides. In this chapter, we describe a method that utilizes a phosphoprotein affinity chromatography (Qiagen) to isolate intact phosphoproteins. These are subsequently detected by difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry techniques. Additional experiments using a specific stain for phosphoproteins demonstrated that phosphoprotein affinity column was an effective method for enriching phosphate-containing proteins. Further validating the method, this workflow was applied to probe changes in the activation patterns of intermediates involved in different signaling pathways, such as NDRG1 and stathmin, in liver progenitor cells (MLP-29) upon proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Santamaría
- Proteomics Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain.
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21
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Cheng B, Martinez AA, Morado J, Scofield V, Roberts JL, Maffi SK. Retinoic acid protects against proteasome inhibition associated cell death in SH-SY5Y cells via the AKT pathway. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:31-42. [PMID: 23142153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of proteasome activity and the resulting protein accumulation are now known to be important events in the development of many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Abnormal or over expressed proteins cause endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress leading to cell death, thus, normal proteasome function is critical for their removal. We have shown previously, with cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, that proteasome inhibition by the drug epoxomicin results in accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. This causes obligatory loading of the mitochondria with calcium (Ca(2+)), resulting in mitochondrial damage and cytochrome c release, followed by programmed cell death (PCD). In the present study, we demonstrate that all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells protects them from PCD death after subsequent epoxomicin treatment which causes proteasome inhibition. Even though ubiquitinated protein aggregates are present, there is no evidence to suggest that autophagy is involved. We conclude that protection by RA is likely by mechanisms that interfere with cell stress-PCD pathway that otherwise would result from protein accumulation after proteasome inhibition. In addition, although RA activates both the AKT and ERK phosphorylation signaling pathways, only pretreatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3-kinase in the AKT pathway, removed the protective effect of RA from the cells. This finding implies that RA activation of the AKT signaling cascade takes precedence over its activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and that this selective effect of RA is key to its protection of epoxomicin-treated cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that RA treatment of cultured neuroblastoma cells sets up conditions under which proteasome inhibition, and the resultant accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, loses its ability to kill the cells and may likely play a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benxu Cheng
- Regional Academic Health Center-Edinburg (E-RAHC), Medical Research Division, 1214 W. Schunior St., Edinburg, TX 78541, United States.
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22
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Park JA, Kim YE, Ha YH, Kwon HJ, Lee Y. High sensitivity of embryonic stem cells to proteasome inhibitors correlates with low expression of heat shock protein and decrease of pluripotent cell marker expression. BMB Rep 2012; 45:299-304. [PMID: 22617454 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.5.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a major proteolytic system for nonlysosomal degradation of cellular proteins. Here, we investigated the response of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under proteotoxic stress. Proteasome inhibitors induced expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and also induced apoptosis of ES cells. Importantly, more apoptotic cells were observed in ES cells compared with other somatic cells. To understand this phenomenon, we further investigated the expression of HSP70 and pluripotent cell markers. HSP70 expression was more significantly increased in somatic cells than in ES cells, and expression levels of pluripotent cell markers such as Oct4 and Nanog were decreased in ES cells. These results suggest that higher sensitivity of ES cells to proteotoxic stress may be related with lower capacity of HSP70 expression and decreased pluripotent cell marker expression, which is essential for the survival of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Yao C. Bortezomib inhibits the angiogenesis mediated by mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:657-62. [PMID: 23013101 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.725442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effects of bortezomib on the angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We examined the effects of bortezomib on the cellular proliferation, migration, and capillary network formation of HUVECs cocultured with CMs of MSCs. We found that Bortezomib inhibited the cellular proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs cocultured with CMs in a dose-dependent fashion. Bortezomib also prevented the migration of HUVECs cocultured with CMs. In addition, bortezomib dose-dependently inhibited the growth of MSCs and prevented the production of angiogenic factors including VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) in MSCs. In conclusion, bortezomib prevented the angiogenesis mediated by MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Legesse-Miller A, Raitman I, Haley EM, Liao A, Sun LL, Wang DJ, Krishnan N, Lemons JMS, Suh EJ, Johnson EL, Lund BA, Coller HA. Quiescent fibroblasts are protected from proteasome inhibition-mediated toxicity. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3566-81. [PMID: 22875985 PMCID: PMC3442405 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-03-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is used as a treatment strategy for multiple types of cancers. Although proteasome inhibition can induce apoptotic cell death in actively proliferating cells, it is less effective in quiescent cells. In this study, we used primary human fibroblasts as a model system to explore the link between the proliferative state of a cell and proteasome inhibition-mediated cell death. We found that proliferating and quiescent fibroblasts have strikingly different responses to MG132, a proteasome inhibitor; proliferating cells rapidly apoptosed, whereas quiescent cells maintained viability. Moreover, MG132 treatment of proliferating fibroblasts led to increased superoxide anion levels, juxtanuclear accumulation of ubiquitin- and p62/SQSTM1-positive protein aggregates, and apoptotic cell death, whereas MG132-treated quiescent cells displayed fewer juxtanuclear protein aggregates, less apoptosis, and higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. In both cell states, reducing reactive oxygen species with N-acetylcysteine lessened protein aggregation and decreased apoptosis, suggesting that protein aggregation promotes apoptosis. In contrast, increasing cellular superoxide levels with 2-methoxyestradiol treatment or inhibition of autophagy/lysosomal pathways with bafilomycin A1 sensitized serum-starved quiescent cells to MG132-induced apoptosis. Thus, antioxidant defenses and the autophagy/lysosomal pathway protect serum-starved quiescent fibroblasts from proteasome inhibition-induced cytotoxicity.
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Chitra S, Nalini G, Rajasekhar G. The ubiquitin proteasome system and efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in diseases. Int J Rheum Dis 2012; 15:249-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185x.2012.01737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvarajan Chitra
- Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute; Sri Ramachandra University; Chennai; India
| | - Ganesan Nalini
- Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute; Sri Ramachandra University; Chennai; India
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Abstract
A strict physiological balance between endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors controls endothelial cell functions, such that endothelial cell growth is normally restrained. However, in pathologic angiogenesis, a shift occurs in the balance of regulators, favoring endothelial growth. Much of the control of angiogenic events is instigated through hypoxia-induced VEGF expression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in fine-tuning the functions of core proangiogenic proteins, including VEGF, VEGFR-2, angiogenic signaling proteins (e.g., the PLCγ1 and PI3 kinase/AKT pathways), and other non-VEGF angiogenic pathways. The emerging mechanisms by which ubiquitin modification of angiogenic proteins control angiogenesis involve both proteolytic and nonproteolytic functions. Here, I review recent advances that link the UPS to regulation of angiogenesis and highlight the potential therapeutic value of the UPS in angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Campus, 670 Albany St., Room 510, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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27
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Angiogenesis and multiple myeloma. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2011; 4:325-37. [PMID: 21735169 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma is characterized by an increased microvessel density. The production of pro-angiogenic molecules is increased and the production of angiogenic inhibitors is suppressed, leading to an "angiogenic switch". Here we present an overview of the role of angiogenesis in multiple myeloma, the pro-angiogenic factors produced by myeloma cells and the microenvironment, and the mechanisms involved in the myeloma-induced angiogenic switch. Current data suggest that the increased bone marrow angiogenesis in multiple myeloma is due to the aberrant expression of angiogenic factors by myeloma cells, the subsequent increase in pro-angiogenic activity of normal plasma cells as a result of myeloma cell angiogenic activity, and the increased number of plasma cells overall. Hypoxia also contributes to the angiogenic properties of the myeloma marrow microenvironment. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is overexpressed by myeloma cells and affects their transcriptional and angiogenic profiles. In addition, potential roles of the tumor suppressor gene inhibitor of growth family member 4 and homeobox B7 have also been recently highlighted as repressors of angiogenesis and pro-angiogenic related genes, respectively. This complex pathogenetic model of myeloma-induced angiogenesis suggests that several pro-angiogenic molecules and related genes in myeloma cells and the microenvironment are potential therapeutic targets.
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28
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Niu XF, Liu BQ, Du ZX, Gao YY, Li C, Li N, Guan Y, Wang HQ. Resveratrol protects leukemic cells against cytotoxicity induced by proteasome inhibitors via induction of FOXO1 and p27Kip1. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:99. [PMID: 21418583 PMCID: PMC3066124 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was reported recently that resveratrol could sensitize a number of cancer cells to the antitumoral effects of some conventional chemotherapy drugs. The current study was designed to investigate whether resveratrol could sensitize leukemic cells to proteasome inhibitors. METHODS Leukemic cells were treated with MG132 alone or in combination with resveratrol. Cell viability was investigated using MTT assay, and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution was measured using flow cytometry. Western blot and real-time RT-PCR were used to investigate the expression of FOXO1 and p27Kip1. CHIP was performed to investigate the binding of FOXO1 to the p27 Kip1 promoter. RESULTS Resveratrol strongly reduced cytotoxic activities of proteasome inhibitors against leukemic cells. MG132 in combination with resveratrol caused cell cycle blockade at G1/S transition via p27Kip1 accumulation. Knockdown of p27Kip1 using siRNA dramatically attenuated the protective effects of resveratrol on cytotoxic actions of proteasome inhibitors against leukemic cells. Resveratrol induced FOXO1 expression at the transcriptional level, while MG132 increased nuclear distribution of FOXO1. MG132 in combination with resveratrol caused synergistic induction of p27Kip1 through increased recruitment of FOXO1 on the p27Kip1 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol may have the potential to negate the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitors via regulation of FOXO1 transcriptional activity and accumulation of p27Kip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Niu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
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Berenson JR, Yellin O, Crowley J, Makary A, Gravenor DS, Yang HH, Upadhyaya GH, Flinn IW, Staszewski H, Tiffany NM, Sanani S, Farber CM, Morganstein N, Bolejack V, Nassir Y, Hilger JD, Sefaradi A, Shamouelian A, Swift RA. Prognostic factors and jaw and renal complications among multiple myeloma patients treated with zoledronic acid. Am J Hematol 2011; 86:25-30. [PMID: 21120861 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated prognostic factors among patients with multiple myeloma (MM) since new therapies have become available. Monthly zoledronic acid (ZOL) has been incorporated into many treatment regimens to reduce skeletal-related events (SREs), but outcomes among patients receiving this bisphosphonate have not been well-defined. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine baseline and on-treatment prognostic factors in these patients. Data were collected from the date of diagnosis on 300 consecutive MM patients treated with ZOL. Median duration of ZOL was 18 months (range 1-121 months). The skeletal morbidity rate was 0.116 events per patient year. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 69%. Risk factors for shortened OS included SREs, increased serum creatinine, and International Staging System (ISS) Stage II or III. Thirty-four (11%) patients showed worsening renal function. In 28 of these patients, ZOL was discontinued and restarted in half of these patients following a brief delay. Only 5 of the 34 patients showed worsening of their renal function. Fourteen patients (4.7%) developed osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). All patients with ONJ are in remission or with stable disease except one patient who died of a myocardial infarction while in remission. Only two patients showed some worsening of ONJ despite of ongoing monthly ZOL. Overall, these results suggest that skeletal complications are an important prognostic factor for MM. Although ONJ and renal deterioration may infrequently occur with ZOL, most patients do not experience worsening of these conditions with ongoing treatment with this bisphosphonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Berenson
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, California 90069, USA.
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Nowis D, Maczewski M, Mackiewicz U, Kujawa M, Ratajska A, Wieckowski MR, Wilczyński GM, Malinowska M, Bil J, Salwa P, Bugajski M, Wójcik C, Siński M, Abramczyk P, Winiarska M, Dabrowska-Iwanicka A, Duszyński J, Jakóbisiak M, Golab J. Cardiotoxicity of the anticancer therapeutic agent bortezomib. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:2658-68. [PMID: 20519734 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent case reports provided alarming signals that treatment with bortezomib might be associated with cardiac events. In all reported cases, patients experiencing cardiac problems were previously or concomitantly treated with other chemotherapeutics including cardiotoxic anthracyclines. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish which components of the therapeutic regimens contribute to cardiotoxicity. Here, we addressed the influence of bortezomib on cardiac function in rats that were not treated with other drugs. Rats were treated with bortezomib at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg thrice weekly. Echocardiography, histopathology, and electron microscopy were used to evaluate cardiac function and structural changes. Respiration of the rat heart mitochondria was measured polarographically. Cell culture experiments were used to determine the influence of bortezomib on cardiomyocyte survival, contractility, Ca(2+) fluxes, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. Our findings indicate that bortezomib treatment leads to left ventricular contractile dysfunction manifested by a significant drop in left ventricle ejection fraction. Dramatic ultrastructural abnormalities of cardiomyocytes, especially within mitochondria, were accompanied by decreased ATP synthesis and decreased cardiomyocyte contractility. Monitoring of cardiac function in bortezomib-treated patients should be implemented to evaluate how frequently cardiotoxicity develops especially in patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions, as well as when using additional cardiotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Barosi G, Gattoni E, Guglielmelli P, Campanelli R, Facchetti F, Fisogni S, Goldberg J, Marchioli R, Hoffman R, Vannucchi AM. Phase I/II study of single-agent bortezomib for the treatment of patients with myelofibrosis. Clinical and biological effects of proteasome inhibition. Am J Hematol 2010; 85:616-9. [PMID: 20540156 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Maity R, Sharma J, Jana NR. Capsaicin induces apoptosis through ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:933-42. [PMID: 20069556 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin is an active component of red pepper having an antiproliferative effect in a variety of cancer cells, which recent evidence suggests due to its ability to induce apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms through which capsaicin induces apoptosis are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that capsaicin-induced apoptosis is mediated via the inhibition cellular proteasome function. Treatment of capsaicin to mouse neuro 2a cells results in the inhibition of proteasome activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner that seems to correlate with its effect on cell death. The effect of capsaicin on cellular proteasome function is indirect and probably mediated via the generation of oxidative stress. Exposure of capsaicin also causes increased accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins as wells as various target substrates of proteasome like p53 and Bax and p27. Like many other classical proteasome inhibitors, capsaicin also triggers the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis involving mitochondria and induces neurite outgrowth. Our results strongly support for the use of capsaicin as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Maity
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, Haryana, India
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Sorokin AV, Kim ER, Ovchinnikov LP. Proteasome system of protein degradation and processing. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 74:1411-42. [PMID: 20210701 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790913001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, degradation of most intracellular proteins is realized by proteasomes. The substrates for proteolysis are selected by the fact that the gate to the proteolytic chamber of the proteasome is usually closed, and only proteins carrying a special "label" can get into it. A polyubiquitin chain plays the role of the "label": degradation affects proteins conjugated with a ubiquitin (Ub) chain that consists at minimum of four molecules. Upon entering the proteasome channel, the polypeptide chain of the protein unfolds and stretches along it, being hydrolyzed to short peptides. Ubiquitin per se does not get into the proteasome, but, after destruction of the "labeled" molecule, it is released and labels another molecule. This process has been named "Ub-dependent protein degradation". In this review we systematize current data on the Ub-proteasome system, describe in detail proteasome structure, the ubiquitination system, and the classical ATP/Ub-dependent mechanism of protein degradation, as well as try to focus readers' attention on the existence of alternative mechanisms of proteasomal degradation and processing of proteins. Data on damages of the proteasome system that lead to the development of different diseases are given separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sorokin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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34
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Ballini JP, Wagnières G, van den Bergh H. Processing of fluorescence angiograms for the quantification of vascular effects induced by anti-angiogenic agents in the CAM model. Microvasc Res 2010; 79:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gebara SN, Moubayed H. Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients taking bisphosphonates. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009; 66:1541-7. [PMID: 19710437 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp080251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) associated with bisphosphonate use in patients with cancer is reviewed. SUMMARY ONJ is a relatively new complication of supportive care in cancer. Bisphosphonate-associated ONJ can be generally defined as necrotic bone exposure to the oral cavity and inflammatory reactions of the surrounding soft tissue in patients receiving bisphosphonates but not radiotherapy to the head and neck. The risk of development of ONJ varies with the type of bisphosphonate used and the duration of exposure, with more potent agents increasing the risk with shorter durations of exposure. From the current evidence, the incidence of this disorder in cancer patients receiving bisphosphonates can be as high as 10% when patients have more than one risk factor. Risk factors include type of bisphosphonate, duration of exposure, concomitant medications, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), and lifestyle behaviors (e.g., smoking, obesity). To minimize the risk of ONJ, patients initiated on bisphosphonates should optimize routine dental care and have their baseline oral cavity status evaluated by both clinical and radiographic examinations before initiation of bisphosphonate therapy. Current management of ONJ is difficult and empirical. At present, a conservative approach is recommended, including systemic antibiotics, antiseptic oral rinses, pain control, and limited debridement. CONCLUSION Cancer patients receiving bisphosphonates are at risk for developing ONJ. Clinicians should evaluate patients' oral integrity and existing risk factors before initiating bisphosphonate therapy. Once treatment is started, patients should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Nabhani Gebara
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
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Santamaría E, Mora MI, Muñoz J, Sánchez-Quiles V, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Prieto J, Corrales FJ. Regulation of stathmin phosphorylation in mouse liver progenitor-29 cells during proteasome inhibition. Proteomics 2009; 9:4495-506. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Herrmann J, Ciechanover A, Lerman LO, Lerman A. The ubiquitin‐proteasome system—micro target for macro intervention? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 7:5-13. [PMID: 16019609 DOI: 10.1080/14628840510011234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the two sequential labeling and degradation system that accounts for the degradation of 80-90% of all intracellular proteins. Based on the diversity of its substrates, it is integrated in many different biological processes, especially inflammation and cell proliferation. Given the significance of these two processes for primary atherosclerosis and restenosis, the ubiquitin-proteasome system may be an amendable target in cardiovascular therapy. This review provides background information on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, currently available data on its involvement in cardiovascular diseases, and a future perspective on the targeted use proteasome inhibitors, including drug-eluting stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Herrmann
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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38
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Zhang S, Shi Y, Jin H, Liu Z, Zhang L, Zhang L. Covalent complexes of proteasome model with peptide aldehyde inhibitors MG132 and MG101: docking and molecular dynamics study. J Mol Model 2009; 15:1481-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Kimbrel EA, Davis TN, Bradner JE, Kung AL. In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Imaging of Proteasome Inhibition. Mol Imaging 2009. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2009.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome has been shown to have selective apoptotic effects on cancer cells and to be clinically efficacious in certain malignancies. There is an unmet medical need for additional proteasome inhibitors, and their development will be facilitated by surrogate markers of proteasome function. Toward this end, ectopic fusion of the destruction domain from ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) to reporter proteins is often used for assessing proteasome function. For luciferase-based reporters, we hypothesized that the oxygen-dependent destruction domain (ODD) from hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) may provide improved sensitivity over luciferase-ODC, owing to its extremely rapid turnover by the proteasome (HIF-1α has a half-life of less than 5 minutes). In the current study, we show that ODD-luciferase affords a greater dynamic range and faster kinetics than luciferase-ODC in sensing proteasome inhibition in vitro. Importantly, ODD-luciferase also serves as an effective in vivo marker of proteasome function in xenograft tumor models, with inhibition being detected by noninvasive imaging within 3 hours of bortezomib administration. These data establish ODD-luciferase as a surrogate marker of proteasome function that can be used both in vitro and in vivo for the development of novel proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Kimbrel
- From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tina N. Davis
- From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - James E. Bradner
- From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew L. Kung
- From the Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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40
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Baldisserotto A, Marastoni M, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. New cyclic peptide proteasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1966-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Meissner M, Reichenbach G, Stein M, Hrgovic I, Kaufmann R, Gille J. Down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 is a major molecular determinant of proteasome inhibitor-mediated antiangiogenic action in endothelial cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1976-84. [PMID: 19223539 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major pathway for intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. This system controls a wide range of cellular regulatory proteins, including transcription factors and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Recent evidence also established the importance of the proteasome in tumor development, showing antitumor and antiangiogenic actions by using selective inhibitors in vivo. As signaling via the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway is critical for angiogenic responses to occur, we explored whether antiangiogenic effects due to proteasome inhibition were partly mediated through decreased endothelial VEGFR2 expression. This study shows that different proteasome inhibitors blocked VEGFR2 expression in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. This blockade was paralleled by the respective inhibition of the formation of capillary-like structures and endothelial cell migration. In contrast, neither tie-2 nor VEGFR1 expression was significantly affected by proteasome inhibitor treatment. The suppressive effects on VEGFR2 expression were not conveyed by increased shedding or a decrease in protein half-life, suggesting that transcriptional mechanisms accounted for the observed effects. In line with this conclusion, proteasome inhibition significantly suppressed VEGFR2 mRNA accumulation. In addition, inhibitor treatment considerably decreased the transcriptional activity of 5' deletional VEGFR2 promoter gene constructs. Proteasome inhibition-mediated repression was controlled by a GC-rich region that harbored one consensus Sp1-binding site. Subsequent EMSA analyses showed decreased constitutive Sp1-dependent DNA binding in response to proteasome inhibition. In addition, we could show that proteasome inhibitors reduced VEGFR2 mRNA stability. Therefore, VEGFR2 expression may constitute a critical molecular target of proteasome inhibitors that may mediate their antiangiogenic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Meissner
- Department of Dermatology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Abstract
The coordinated regulation of cellular protein synthesis and degradation is essential for normal cellular functioning. The ubiquitin proteasome system mediates the intracellular protein degradation that is required for normal cellular homeostasis. The 26S proteasome is a multi-enzyme protease that degrades redundant proteins; conversely, inhibition of proteasomal degradation results in intracellular aggregation of unwanted proteins and cell death. This observation led to the development of proteasome inhibitors as therapeutics for use in cancer. The clinical applicability of targeting proteasomes is exemplified by the recent FDA approval of the first proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Although bortezomib represents a major advance in the treatment of this disease, it can be associated with toxicity and the development of drug resistance. Importantly, extensive preclinical studies suggest that combination therapies can both circumvent drug resistance and reduce toxicity. In addition, promising novel proteasome inhibitors, which are distinct from bortezomib, and exhibit equipotent anti-multiple myeloma activities, are undergoing clinical evaluation in order to improve patient outcome in multiple myeloma. PUBLICATION HISTORY : Republished from Current BioData's Targeted Proteins database (TPdb; http://www.targetedproteinsdb.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharminder Chauhan
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Anargyrou K, Dimopoulos MA, Sezer O, Terpos E. Novel anti-myeloma agents and angiogenesis. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49:677-89. [PMID: 18398734 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701861686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade several novel agents have been used in the management of patients with multiple myeloma. Immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors exert their efficacy both directly by inducing apoptosis of myeloma cells and indirectly through the interruption of the interactions between myeloma and stromal cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. These interactions are crucial for myeloma cell growth and survival. The adherence of myeloma cells to BM stromal cells leads to the overproduction of several cytokines with angiogenic properties that enhance the survival and growth of myeloma cells through paracrine and autocrine loops. The correlation of these molecules with clinical features and survival of myeloma patients supports the importance of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of the disease and reveals these cytokines as suitable targets for the development of novel anti-myeloma therapies. This review summarises all available preclinical and clinical data for the effect of novel agents that are used in myeloma therapy, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, bortezomib and VEGF inhibitors, on angiogenesis, which is at least partially responsible for their remarkable anti-myeloma efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Anargyrou
- Department of Haematology and Medical Research, 251 General Air Force Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Phosphorylation of eIF2alpha in response to 26S proteasome inhibition is mediated by the haem-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase. Biochem J 2008; 412:579-88. [PMID: 18290760 DOI: 10.1042/bj20080324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that even brief inhibition of degradation by the 26S proteasome inhibits global protein synthesis, mediated through increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha (eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2alpha) by the HRI (haem-regulated inhibitor) kinase. Exposure of COS-7 cells to the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 (the proteasome inhibitor carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-leucinal) for 4 h resulted in a 55-60% decrease in protein synthesis rate compared with control cells. This repression of protein synthesis after treatment with MG-132 is not due to induction of apoptosis, which is known to occur after longer periods of 26S inhibition. Instead, we observed a significantly increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, which is known to repress global protein synthesis. In three MEF (mouse embryonic fibroblast) knockout cell lines lacking one of the four kinases known to phosphorylate eIF2alpha, increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha still occurred after inhibition of the 26S proteasome. These three cell lines included a deletion of the PKR (double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase); a deletion of the PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum resident kinase); or a deletion of the GCN2 (positive general control of transcription-2) kinase, indicating that none of these kinases was primarily responsible for the observed phosphorylation of eIF2alpha. In contrast, in a fourth MEF knockout cell line, HRI(-/-) cells lacking the HRI kinase failed to increase eIF2alpha phosphorylation upon proteasome inhibitor treatment (MG-132 or various doses of Bortezomib), indicating that the HRI kinase is the primary kinase activated by brief treatment of MEFs with 26S proteasome inhibitors.
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Moreno D, Knecht E, Viollet B, Sanz P. A769662, a novel activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, inhibits non-proteolytic components of the 26S proteasome by an AMPK-independent mechanism. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:2650-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yang H, Landis-Piwowar KR, Chen D, Milacic V, Dou QP. Natural compounds with proteasome inhibitory activity for cancer prevention and treatment. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2008; 9:227-39. [PMID: 18537678 PMCID: PMC3303152 DOI: 10.2174/138920308784533998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multicatalytic protease complex that degrades most endogenous proteins including misfolded or damaged proteins to ensure normal cellular function. The ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway plays an essential role in multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. It has been shown that human cancer cells are more sensitive to proteasome inhibition than normal cells, indicating that a proteasome inhibitor could be used as a novel anticancer drug. Indeed, this idea has been supported by the encouraging results of the clinical trials using the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341), a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Several natural compounds, including the microbial metabolite lactacystin, green tea polyphenols, and traditional medicinal triterpenes, have been shown to be potent proteasome inhibitors. These findings suggest the potential use of natural proteasome inhibitors as not only chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents, but also tumor sensitizers to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the structures and biological activities of the proteasome and several natural compounds with proteasome inhibitory activity, and will discuss the potential use of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - KR. Landis-Piwowar
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - D Chen
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - V Milacic
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - QP Dou
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Zhang F, Paterson AJ, Huang P, Wang K, Kudlow JE. Metabolic control of proteasome function. Physiology (Bethesda) 2008; 22:373-9. [PMID: 18073410 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are major cellular proteases that are important for protein turnover and cell survival. Dysregulation of proteasome is related to many major human diseases. Regulation of the proteasome is beginning to be understood by the recent findings that proteasomes are modified and regulated by metabolic factors O-GlcNAcylation and PKA phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Sahni SK, Rydkina E, Sahni A. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 induces nuclear translocation of erythroid transcription factor Nrf2 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2008; 122:820-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Konstantinova IM, Tsimokha AS, Mittenberg AG. Role of proteasomes in cellular regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 267:59-124. [PMID: 18544497 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the key enzyme of the ubiquitin-dependent pathway of protein degradation. This energy-dependent nanomachine is composed of a 20S catalytic core and associated regulatory complexes. The eukaryotic 20S proteasomes demonstrate besides several kinds of peptidase activities, the endoribonuclease, protein-chaperone and DNA-helicase activities. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway controls the levels of the key regulatory proteins in the cell and thus is essential for life and is involved in regulation of crucial cellular processes. Proteasome population in the cell is structurally and functionally heterogeneous. These complexes are subjected to tightly organized regulation, particularly, to a variety of posttranslational modifications. In this review we will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding proteasome participation in the control of cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation, modulation of immune responses, reprogramming of these particles during these processes, their heterogeneity and involvement in the main levels of gene expression.
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Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been approved as a cytostatic drug for the therapy of multiple myeloma, and is currently being tested in clinical trials for a variety of other malignancies. At the same time, a growing number of animal studies suggest that proteasome inhibitors may also prove to be valuable remedies for the treatment of non-tumorous diseases. In this review, we will revisit the current applications of proteasome inhibitors in clinical research according to the cellular effects of proteasome inhibitors as poisons, which induce apoptosis, or as remedies, which modulate cellular function and protect from cell death. We postulate that the correct distinction of a poison from a remedy depends on cell type and on the degree of proteasome inhibition. Dose-dependent and differential inhibition of the proteasome may affect specific sets of substrates, thereby conferring substrate specificity. According to this idea, we suggest that inhibition of the proteasome to a defined degree may offer a promising tool in achieving desired therapeutic effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Meiners
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie, Germany.
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