1
|
Nallakumarasamy A, Jeyaraman M, Maffulli N, Jeyaraman N, Suresh V, Ravichandran S, Gupta M, Potty AG, El-Amin SF, Khanna M, Gupta A. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Wound Healing. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1733. [PMID: 36362890 PMCID: PMC9699035 DOI: 10.3390/life12111733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-orchestrated process of wound healing may be negatively impacted from interrupted or incomplete tissue regenerative processes. The healing potential is further compromised in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic venous insufficiency, critical limb ischemia, and immunocompromised conditions, with a high health care burden and expenditure. Stem cell-based therapy has shown promising results in clinical studies. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC Exos) may favorably impact intercellular signaling and immunomodulation, promoting neoangiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and neoepithelization. This article gives an outline of the biogenesis and mechanism of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, in the process of tissue regeneration and discusses the use of preconditioned exosomes, platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes, and engineered exosomes in three-dimensional bioscaffolds such as hydrogels (collagen and chitosan) to prolong the contact time of exosomes at the recipient site within the target tissue. An appropriate antibiotic therapy based on culture-specific guidance coupled with the knowledge of biopolymers helps to fabricate nanotherapeutic materials loaded with MSC Exos to effectively deliver drugs locally and promote novel approaches for the management of chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odissa, India
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Medical Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX 78045, USA
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Hospital “Clinica Ortopedica” Department, Hospital of Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Fellow in Joint Replacement, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veerasivabalan Suresh
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Madras Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinath Ravichandran
- Department of General and GI Surgery, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport SK27JE, UK
| | - Manu Gupta
- Polar Aesthetics Dental & Cosmetic Centre, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anish G. Potty
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX 78045, USA
| | - Saadiq F. El-Amin
- El-Amin Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Institute, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Regenerative Sports Medicine, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya 224135, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX 78045, USA
- BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Regenerative Orthopaedics, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou G, Sun S, Yuan Q, Zhang R, Jiang P, Li G, Wang Y, Li X. Multiple-Tissue and Multilevel Analysis on Differentially Expressed Genes and Differentially Correlated Gene Pairs for HFpEF. Front Genet 2021; 12:668702. [PMID: 34306013 PMCID: PMC8296822 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex disease characterized by dysfunctions in the heart, adipose tissue, and cerebral arteries. The elucidation of the interactions between these three tissues in HFpEF will improve our understanding of the mechanism of HFpEF. In this study, we propose a multilevel comparative framework based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially correlated gene pairs (DCGs) to investigate the shared and unique pathological features among the three tissues in HFpEF. At the network level, functional enrichment analysis revealed that the networks of the heart, adipose tissue, and cerebral arteries were enriched in the cell cycle and immune response. The networks of the heart and adipose tissues were enriched in hemostasis, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand, and cancer-related pathway. The heart-specific networks were enriched in the inflammatory response and cardiac hypertrophy, while the adipose-tissue-specific networks were enriched in the response to peptides and regulation of cell adhesion. The cerebral-artery-specific networks were enriched in gene expression (transcription). At the module and gene levels, 5 housekeeping DEGs, 2 housekeeping DCGs, 6 modules of merged protein–protein interaction network, 5 tissue-specific hub genes, and 20 shared hub genes were identified through comparative analysis of tissue pairs. Furthermore, the therapeutic drugs for HFpEF-targeting these genes were examined using molecular docking. The combination of multitissue and multilevel comparative frameworks is a potential strategy for the discovery of effective therapy and personalized medicine for HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoyan Sun
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiuyue Yuan
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Run Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clark AJ, Mullooly N, Safitri D, Harris M, de Vries T, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Poyner DR, Gianni D, Wigglesworth M, Ladds G. CGRP, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2 display endogenous GPCR agonist bias in primary human cardiovascular cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:776. [PMID: 34163006 PMCID: PMC8222276 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonist bias occurs when different ligands produce distinct signalling outputs when acting at the same receptor. However, its physiological relevance is not always clear. Using primary human cells and gene editing techniques, we demonstrate endogenous agonist bias with physiological consequences for the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, CLR. By switching the receptor-activity modifying protein (RAMP) associated with CLR we can “re-route” the physiological pathways activated by endogenous agonists calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin 2 (AM2). AM2 promotes calcium-mediated nitric oxide signalling whereas CGRP and AM show pro-proliferative effects in cardiovascular cells, thus providing a rationale for the expression of the three peptides. CLR-based agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and has a fundamental purpose for its existence. We anticipate this will be a starting point for more studies into RAMP function in native environments and their importance in endogenous GPCR signalling. Clark et al. explore the ability of ligands to activate the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) in primary endothelial cells, and the influence of co-expressed receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). Their study reveals that GPCR agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and plays a fundamental role in providing unique functions to endogenous agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niamh Mullooly
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dewi Safitri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tessa de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davide Gianni
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang T, Liu J, Liu H, Lee SR, Gonzalez L, Gorecka J, Shu C, Dardik A. Activation of EphrinB2 Signaling Promotes Adaptive Venous Remodeling in Murine Arteriovenous Fistulae. J Surg Res 2021; 262:224-239. [PMID: 33039109 PMCID: PMC8024410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the preferred mode of vascular access for hemodialysis. Before use, AVF remodel by thickening and dilating to achieve a functional conduit via an adaptive process characterized by expression of molecular markers characteristic of both venous and arterial identity. Although signaling via EphB4, a determinant of venous identity, mediates AVF maturation, the role of its counterpart EphrinB2, a determinant of arterial identity, remains unclear. We hypothesize that EphrinB2 signaling is active during AVF maturation and may be a mechanism of venous remodeling. METHODS Aortocaval fistulae were created or sham laparotomy was performed in C57Bl/6 mice, and specimens were examined on Days 7 or 21. EphrinB2 reverse signaling was activated with EphB4-Fc applied periadventitially in vivo and in endothelial cell culture medium in vitro. Downstream signaling was assessed using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Venous remodeling during AVF maturation was characterized by increased expression of EphrinB2 as well as Akt1, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38. Activation of EphrinB2 with EphB4-Fc increased phosphorylation of EphrinB2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Akt1, ERK1/2, and p38 and was associated with increased diameter and wall thickness in the AVF. Both mouse and human endothelial cells treated with EphB4-Fc increased phosphorylation of EphrinB2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Akt1, ERK1/2, and p38 and increased endothelial cell tube formation and migration. CONCLUSIONS Activation of EphrinB2 signaling by EphB4-Fc was associated with adaptive venous remodeling in vivo while activating endothelial cell function in vitro. Regulation of EphrinB2 signaling may be a new strategy to improve AVF maturation and patency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Haiyang Liu
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shin-Rong Lee
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jolanta Gorecka
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Alan Dardik
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hall MN, Moshirfar M, Amin-Javaheri A, Ouano DP, Ronquillo Y, Hoopes PC. Lipid Keratopathy: A Review of Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. Ophthalmol Ther 2020; 9:833-852. [PMID: 33058067 PMCID: PMC7708541 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-020-00309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid keratopathy is a disease in which fat deposits accumulate in the cornea, leading to opacification and decrease of visual acuity. This condition can be idiopathic without signs of previous corneal disease or secondary to ocular or systemic diseases. Lipid keratopathy is usually associated with abnormal vascularization of the cornea, and the lipid classically deposits adjacent to these vessels. Treatment of this condition usually aims to eliminate or prevent abnormal vessel formation, and several modalities have been described. In this review we summarize the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of lipid keratopathy and describe current and emerging treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MacGregor N Hall
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, UT, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
PRL-2 phosphatase is required for vascular morphogenesis and angiogenic signaling. Commun Biol 2020; 3:603. [PMID: 33097786 PMCID: PMC7584612 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are essential modulators of angiogenesis and have been identified as novel therapeutic targets in cancer and anti-angiogenesis. The roles of atypical Phosphatase of Regenerative Liver (PRL) phosphatases in this context remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the biological function of PRL phosphatases in developmental angiogenesis in the postnatal mouse retina and in cell culture. We show that endothelial cells in the retina express PRL-2 encoded by the Ptp4a2 gene, and that inducible endothelial and global Ptp4a2 mutant mice exhibit defective retinal vascular outgrowth, arteriovenous differentiation, and sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, PTP4A2 deletion limits angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration and the VEGF-A, DLL-4/NOTCH-1 signaling pathway. This study reveals the importance of PRL-2 as a modulator of vascular development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Blersch J, Francisco V, Rebelo C, Jiménez-Balsa A, Antunes H, Pinto S, Simões S, Rai A, Ferreira L. A light-triggerable formulation to control the stability of pro-angiogenic transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9935-9942. [PMID: 32352454 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The control of vascular remodeling mediated by transcription factor HIF-1α is critical in the treatment of several diseases including cancer, retinopathies, chronic wounds, and ischemic heart disease, among others. Gene silencing using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapeutic strategy to regulate HIF-1α; however, the delivery systems developed so far have limited endothelial targeting and efficiency. Herein, we have synthesized a light-triggerable polymeric nanoparticle (NP) library composed of 110 formulations which showed variable morphology, charge and disassembly rates after UV exposure. More than 35% of the formulations of the library were more efficient in gene knockdown than the siRNA delivered by a commercial transfection agent (lipofectamine RNAiMAX). The most efficient siRNA delivery formulations were tested against different cell types to identify one with preferential targeting to endothelial cells. Using a two-step methodology, we have identified a formulation that shows exquisite targeting to endothelial cells and is able to deliver more efficiently the siRNA that modulates HIF-1α than commercial transfection agents. Overall, the strategy reported here increases the specificity for tissue regulation and the efficiency for the intracellular delivery of siRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Blersch
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Apolipoprotein(a), an enigmatic anti-angiogenic glycoprotein in human plasma: A curse or cure? Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104858. [PMID: 32430285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a finely co-ordinated, multi-step developmental process of the new vascular structure. Even though angiogenesis is regularly occurring in physiological events such as embryogenesis, in adults, it is restricted to specific tissue sites where rapid cell-turnover and membrane synthesis occurs. Both excessive and insufficient angiogenesis lead to vascular disorders such as cancer, ocular diseases, diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, intra-uterine growth restriction, ischemic heart disease, stroke etc. Occurrence of altered lipid profile and vascular lipid deposition along with vascular disorders is a hallmark of impaired angiogenesis. Among lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a) needs special attention due to the presence of a multi-kringle protein subunit, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], which is structurally homologous to many naturally occurring anti-angiogenic proteins such as plasminogen and angiostatin. Researchers have constructed different recombinant forms of apo(a) (rhLK68, rhLK8, RHACK2, KV-11, and AU-6) and successfully exploited its potential to inhibit unwanted angiogenesis during tumor metastasis and retinal neovascularization. Similar to naturally occurring anti-angiogenic proteins, apo(a) can directly interfere with angiogenic signaling pathways. Besides this, apo(a) can also exert its anti-angiogenic effect indirectly by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis, by inhibiting endothelial progenitor cell functions or by upregulating nuclear factors in endothelial cells via apo(a)-bound oxPLs. However, the impact of the anti-angiogenic potential of native apo(a) during physiological angiogenesis in embryos and wounded tissues is not yet explored. In this context, we review the studies so far done to demonstrate the anti-angiogenic activity of apo(a) and the recent developments in using apo(a) as a therapeutic agent to treat impaired angiogenesis during vascular disorders, with emphasis on the gaps in the literature.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan Y, Qiao Y, Chen Z, Liu J, Guo Y, Tran T, Tan KS, Wang DY, Yan Y. FGF2, an Immunomodulatory Factor in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:223. [PMID: 32300593 PMCID: PMC7142218 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a potent mitogenic factor belonging to the FGF family. It plays a role in airway remodeling associated with chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, research interest has been raised in the immunomodulatory function of FGF2 in asthma and COPD, through its involvement in not only the regulation of inflammatory cells but also its participation as a mediator between immune cells and airway structural cells. Herein, this review provides the current knowledge on the biology of FGF2, its expression pattern in asthma and COPD patients, and its role as an immunomodulatory factor. The potential that FGF2 is involved in regulating inflammation indicates that FGF2 could be a therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Zhuanggui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yanrong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park IS, Mahapatra C, Park JS, Dashnyam K, Kim JW, Ahn JC, Chung PS, Yoon DS, Mandakhbayar N, Singh RK, Lee JH, Leong KW, Kim HW. Revascularization and limb salvage following critical limb ischemia by nanoceria-induced Ref-1/APE1-dependent angiogenesis. Biomaterials 2020; 242:119919. [PMID: 32146371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In critical limb ischemia (CLI), overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of neovascularization contribute to muscle damage and limb loss. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP, or 'nanoceria') possess oxygen-modulating properties which have shown therapeutic utility in various disease models. Here we show that CNP exhibit pro-angiogenic activity in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the pro-angiogenic effect. CNP were injected into a ligated region of a femoral artery, and tissue reperfusion and hindlimb salvage were monitored for 3 weeks. Tissue analysis revealed stimulation of pro-angiogenic markers, maturation of blood vessels, and remodeling of muscle tissue following CNP administration. At a dose of 0.6 mg CNP, mice showed reperfusion of blood vessels in the hindlimb and a high rate of limb salvage (71%, n = 7), while all untreated mice (n = 7) suffered foot necrosis or limb loss. In vitro, CNP promoted endothelial cell tubule formation via the Ref-1/APE1 signaling pathway, and the involvement of this pathway in the CNP response was confirmed in vivo using immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and by siRNA knockdown of APE1. These results demonstrate that CNP provide an effective treatment of CLI with excessive ROS by scavenging ROS to improve endothelial survival and by inducing Ref-1/APE1-dependent angiogenesis to revascularize an ischemic limb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jin Chul Ahn
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Dong Suk Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Rajendra K Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Department of System Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McQuilling JP, Burnette M, Kimmerling KA, Kammer M, Mowry KC. A mechanistic evaluation of the angiogenic properties of a dehydrated amnion chorion membrane in vitro and in vivo. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:609-621. [PMID: 31425636 PMCID: PMC6900065 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the successful repair of tissues; however, in many chronic conditions, angiogenesis is inhibited. Placental tissues have been shown to illicit an angiogenic response both in vitro and in vivo, and the angiogenic properties of these tissues likely contribute to observed clinical outcomes. Although there is some work describing the angiogenic effects of these tissues, comparatively little has been done to determine the possible mechanisms responsible for this effect. The purpose of this study was to conduct a thorough evaluation of a commercially available dehydrated amnion chorion membrane to better understand how these tissues may promote angiogenesis. The proteomic content of this tissue was evaluated using a high throughput proteomic microarray, and then the effects of these grafts were evaluated in vivo using subcutaneous gelfoam sponge implants containing conditioned media (CM) from the graft. Human microvascular endothelial cells were then used to determine how released factors effect migration, proliferation, gene expression, and protein production in vitro. Finally, to elucidate potential signaling‐pathways through which tissue‐derived factors act to induce pro‐angiogenetic phenotypes in endothelial cells in vitro, we performed a global analysis of both serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase activity. Kinomic and proteomic data were then combined to generate protein–protein interaction networks that enabled the identification of multiple growth factors and cytokines with both pro‐ and anti‐angiogenetic properties. In vivo, the addition of CM resulted in increased CD31 and αSMA staining and increases in pro‐angiogenic gene expression. In vitro, CM resulted in significant increases in endothelial proliferation, migration, and the expression of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta‐3. Integrated kinomic analysis implicated ERK1/2 signaling as the primary pathway activated following culture of endothelial cells with dehydrated amnion/chorion membrane (dACM) CM. In conclusion, dACM grafts triggered pro‐angiogenic responses both in vitro and in vivo that are likely at least partially mediated by ERK1/2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P McQuilling
- Research and Development, Organogenesis, 2641 Rock Ridge Lane Birmingham, Alabama, 35216
| | - Miranda Burnette
- Research and Development, Organogenesis, 2641 Rock Ridge Lane Birmingham, Alabama, 35216
| | - Kelly A Kimmerling
- Research and Development, Organogenesis, 2641 Rock Ridge Lane Birmingham, Alabama, 35216
| | - MaryRose Kammer
- Research and Development, Organogenesis, 2641 Rock Ridge Lane Birmingham, Alabama, 35216
| | - Katie C Mowry
- Research and Development, Organogenesis, 2641 Rock Ridge Lane Birmingham, Alabama, 35216
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim DY, Park JA, Kim Y, Noh M, Park S, Lie E, Kim E, Kim YM, Kwon YG. SALM4 regulates angiogenic functions in endothelial cells through VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Tyr1175. FASEB J 2019; 33:9842-9857. [PMID: 31170000 PMCID: PMC6704462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802516rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis depends on VEGF-mediated signaling. However, the regulatory mechanisms and functions of individual VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) phosphorylation sites remain unclear. Here, we report that synaptic adhesion-like molecule 4 (SALM4) regulates a specific VEGFR2 phosphorylation site. SALM4 silencing in HUVECs and Salm4 knockout (KO) in lung endothelial cells (ECs) of Salm4−/− mice suppressed phosphorylation of VEGFR2 tyrosine (Y) 1175 (Y1173 in mice) and downstream signaling upon VEGF-A stimulation. However, VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y951 (Y949 in mice) and Y1214 (Y1212 in mice) remained unchanged. Knockdown and KO of SALM4 inhibited VEGF-A–induced angiogenic functions of ECs. SALM4 depletion reduced endothelial leakage, sprouting, and migratory activities. Furthermore, in an ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model, brain injury was attenuated in Salm4−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In brain lysates after I/R, VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y949, Y1173, and Y1212 were induced in WT brains, but only Y1173 phosphorylation of VEGFR2 was reduced in Salm4−/− brains. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SALM4 specifically regulates VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y1175 (Y1173 in mice), thereby fine-tuning VEGF signaling in ECs.—Kim, D. Y., Park, J. A., Kim, Y., Noh, M., Park, S., Lie, E., Kim, E., Kim, Y.-M., Kwon, Y.-G. SALM4 regulates angiogenic functions in endothelial cells through VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Tyr1175.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeomyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songyi Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunkyung Lie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Inter-α-inhibitor Ameliorates Endothelial Inflammation in Sepsis. Lung 2019; 197:361-369. [PMID: 31028466 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular endothelial cells demonstrate severe injury in sepsis, and a reduction in endothelial inflammation would be beneficial. Inter-α-Inhibitor (IαI) is a family of abundant plasma proteins with anti-inflammatory properties and has been investigated in human and animal sepsis with encouraging results. We hypothesized that IαI may protect endothelia from sepsis-related inflammation. METHODS IαI-deficient or sufficient mice were treated with endotoxin or underwent complement-induced lung injury. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression was measured in blood and lung as marker of endothelial activation. Human endothelia were exposed to activated complement C5a with or without IαI. Blood from human sepsis patients was examined for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and levels were correlated with blood levels of IαI. RESULTS IαI-deficient mice showed increased endothelial activation in endotoxin/sepsis- and complement-induced lung injury models. In vitro, levels of endothelial pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell growth factors induced by activated complement C5a were significantly decreased in the presence of IαI. This effect was associated with decreased ERK and NFκB activation. IαI levels were inversely associated with VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels in a human sepsis cohort. CONCLUSIONS IαI ameliorates endothelial inflammation and may be beneficial as a treatment of sepsis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Osteogenic and angiogenic characterization of mandible and femur osteoblasts. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:105-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Li J, Miao L, Zhao C, Shaikh Qureshi WM, Shieh D, Guo H, Lu Y, Hu S, Huang A, Zhang L, Cai CL, Wan LQ, Xin H, Vincent P, Singer HA, Zheng Y, Cleaver O, Fan ZC, Wu M. CDC42 is required for epicardial and pro-epicardial development by mediating FGF receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane. Development 2017; 144:1635-1647. [PMID: 28465335 PMCID: PMC5450847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The epicardium contributes to multiple cardiac lineages and is essential for cardiac development and regeneration. However, the mechanism of epicardium formation is unclear. This study aimed to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the dissociation of pro-epicardial cells (PECs) from the pro-epicardium (PE) and their subsequent translocation to the heart to form the epicardium. We used lineage tracing, conditional deletion, mosaic analysis and ligand stimulation in mice to determine that both villous protrusions and floating cysts contribute to PEC translocation to myocardium in a CDC42-dependent manner. We resolved a controversy by demonstrating that physical contact of the PE with the myocardium constitutes a third mechanism for PEC translocation to myocardium, and observed a fourth mechanism in which PECs migrate along the surface of the inflow tract to reach the ventricles. Epicardial-specific Cdc42 deletion disrupted epicardium formation, and Cdc42 null PECs proliferated less, lost polarity and failed to form villous protrusions and floating cysts. FGF signaling promotes epicardium formation in vivo, and biochemical studies demonstrated that CDC42 is involved in the trafficking of FGF receptors to the cell membrane to regulate epicardium formation. Highlighted article: During epicardial formation in mice, four different mechanisms of pro-epicardial cell translocation to the myocardium can be identified, with CDC42 playing a key role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Lianjie Miao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - David Shieh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Saiyang Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alice Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th street, Biotech 2147, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Peter Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- International Collaborative Research Center for Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gallego-Paez LM, Bordone MC, Leote AC, Saraiva-Agostinho N, Ascensão-Ferreira M, Barbosa-Morais NL. Alternative splicing: the pledge, the turn, and the prestige : The key role of alternative splicing in human biological systems. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1015-1042. [PMID: 28374191 PMCID: PMC5602094 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a tightly controlled process conducted by the spliceosome, with the assistance of several regulators, resulting in the expression of different transcript isoforms from the same gene and increasing both transcriptome and proteome complexity. The differences between alternative isoforms may be subtle but enough to change the function or localization of the translated proteins. A fine control of the isoform balance is, therefore, needed throughout developmental stages and adult tissues or physiological conditions and it does not come as a surprise that several diseases are caused by its deregulation. In this review, we aim to bring the splicing machinery on stage and raise the curtain on its mechanisms and regulation throughout several systems and tissues of the human body, from neurodevelopment to the interactions with the human microbiome. We discuss, on one hand, the essential role of alternative splicing in assuring tissue function, diversity, and swiftness of response in these systems or tissues, and on the other hand, what goes wrong when its regulatory mechanisms fail. We also focus on the possibilities that splicing modulation therapies open for the future of personalized medicine, along with the leading techniques in this field. The final act of the spliceosome, however, is yet to be fully revealed, as more knowledge is needed regarding the complex regulatory network that coordinates alternative splicing and how its dysfunction leads to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Gallego-Paez
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M C Bordone
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A C Leote
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Saraiva-Agostinho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Ascensão-Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N L Barbosa-Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao L, Dudley AC. Fine-tuning vascular fate during endothelial-mesenchymal transition. J Pathol 2017; 241:25-35. [PMID: 27701751 PMCID: PMC5164846 DOI: 10.1002/path.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the heart and other organs, endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has emerged as an important developmental process that involves coordinated migration, differentiation, and proliferation of the endothelium. In multiple disease states including cancer angiogenesis and cardiovascular disease, the processes that regulate EndMT are recapitulated, albeit in an uncoordinated and dysregulated manner. Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily are well known to impart cellular plasticity during EndMT by the timely activation (or repression) of transcription factors and miRNAs in addition to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are reported to augment or oppose TGFβ-driven EndMT in specific contexts. Here, we have synthesized the currently understood roles of TGFβ and FGF signalling during EndMT and have provided a new, comprehensive paradigm that delineates how an autocrine and paracrine TGFβ/FGF axis coordinates endothelial cell specification and plasticity. We also provide new guidelines and nomenclature that considers factors such as endothelial cell heterogeneity to better define EndMT across different vascular beds. This perspective should therefore help to clarify why TGFβ and FGF can both cooperate with or oppose one another during the complex process of EndMT in both health and disease. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew C. Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Chen C, Hu B, Niu X, Liu X, Zhang G, Zhang C, Li Q, Wang Y. Exosomes Derived from Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells Accelerate Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis Through Erk1/2 Signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1472-1487. [PMID: 27994512 PMCID: PMC5166489 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic skin wounds represent one of the most common and disabling complications of diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are precursors of endothelial cells and can enhance diabetic wound repair by facilitating neovascularization. Recent studies indicate that the transplanted cells exert therapeutic effects primarily via a paracrine mechanism and exosomes are an important paracrine factor that can be directly used as therapeutic agents for regenerative medicine. However, application of exosomes in diabetic wound repair has been rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the exosomes derived from human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs (EPC-Exos) possessed robust pro-angiogenic and wound healing effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. By using a series of in vitro functional assays, we found that EPC-Exos could be incorporated into endothelial cells and significantly enhance endothelial cells' proliferation, migration, and angiogenic tubule formation. Moreover, microarray analyses indicated that exosomes treatment markedly altered the expression of a class of genes involved in Erk1/2 signaling pathway. It was further confirmed with functional study that this signaling process was the critical mediator during the exosomes-induced angiogenic responses of endothelial cells. Therefore, EPC-Exos are able to stimulate angiogenic activities of endothelial cells by activating Erk1/2 signaling, which finally facilitates cutaneous wound repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China;; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chunyuan Chen
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China;; Graduate School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China;; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China;; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chhokar V, Tucker AL. Angiogenesis: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108925320300700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of an adequate vascular supply is critical for the viability of normal and neoplastic tissues. Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from preexisting capillary networks, plays an important role in a number of physiologic and pathologic processes, including reproduction, wound repair, inflammatory diseases, and tumor growth. Angiogenesis involves sequential steps that are triggered in response to angiogenic growth factors released by inflammatory, mesenchymal, or tumor cells that act as ligands for endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases. Stimulated endothelial cells detach from neighboring cells and migrate, proliferate, and form tubes. The immature tubes are subsequently invested and stabilized by pericytes or smooth muscle cells. Angiogenesis depends upon complex interactions among various classes of molecules, including adhesion molecules, proteases, structural proteins, cell surface receptors, and growth factors. The therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis targeted against ischemic and neoplastic diseases has been investigated in preclinical animal models and in clinical trials. Proangiogenic trials that have stimulated vessel growth in ischemic coronary or peripheral tissues through expression, delivery, or stimulated release of growth factors have shown efficacy in animal models and mixed results in human clinical trials. Antiangiogenic trials have used strategies to block the function of molecules critical for new vessel growth or maturation in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, mostly with results less encouraging than those seen in preclinical models. Pro-and antiangiogenic clinical trials demonstrate that strategies for optimal drug delivery, dosing schedules, patient selection, and endpoint measurements need further investigation and refinement before the therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis will realize its full clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Chhokar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Salem VA Health System, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Amy L. Tucker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division; Cardiovascular Research Center; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Takase N, Koma YI, Urakawa N, Nishio M, Arai N, Akiyama H, Shigeoka M, Kakeji Y, Yokozaki H. NCAM- and FGF-2-mediated FGFR1 signaling in the tumor microenvironment of esophageal cancer regulates the survival and migration of tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:47-58. [PMID: 27317650 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have important roles in the angiogenesis and tumor immunosuppression of various cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). To elucidate the roles of TAMs in ESCCs, we compared the gene expression profiles between human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophage-like cells (Macrophage_Ls) and Macrophage_Ls stimulated with conditioned medium of the TE series human ESCC cell line (TECM) (TAM_Ls) using cDNA microarray analysis. Among the highly expressed genes in TAM_Ls, we focused on neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). NCAM knockdown in TAM_Ls revealed a significant decrease of migration and survival via a suppression of PI3K-Akt and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling. Stimulation by TECM up-regulated the level of FGFR1 in Macrophage_Ls. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 (rhFGF-2) promoted the migration and survival of TAM_Ls and TE-cells through FGFR1 signaling. Our immunohistochemical analysis of 70 surgically resected ESCC samples revealed that the up-regulated FGF-2 in stromal cells, including macrophages, was associated with more aggressive phenotypes and a high number of infiltrating M2 macrophages. These findings may indicate a novel role of NCAM- and FGF-2-mediated FGFR1 signaling in the tumor microenvironment of ESCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Takase
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Urakawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Noriaki Arai
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akiyama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saucedo L, Buffa GN, Rosso M, Guillardoy T, Góngora A, Munuce MJ, Vazquez-Levin MH, Marín-Briggiler C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) in Human Sperm: Expression, Functionality and Involvement in Motility Regulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127297. [PMID: 25970615 PMCID: PMC4430232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors receptors (FGFRs) have been widely characterized in somatic cells, but there is scarce evidence of their expression and function in mammalian gametes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression of FGFRs in human male germ cells, to determine sperm FGFR activation by the FGF2 ligand and their participation in the regulation of sperm motility. The expression of FGFR1, 2, 3 and 4 mRNAs and proteins in human testis and localization of these receptors in germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium was demonstrated. In ejaculated sperm, FGFRs were localized to the acrosomal region and flagellum. Sperm exposure to FGF2 caused an increase in flagellar FGFR phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (PKB or Akt) signaling pathways. Incubation with FGF2 led to a significant increase in the percentage of total and progressive sperm motility, as well as in sperm kinematics. All responses were prevented by sperm preincubation with BGJ398, a specific inhibitor of FGFR tyrosine kinase activity. In addition to confirming the expression of FGFRs in germ cells of the human testis, our study describes for the first time the presence, localization and functionality of human sperm FGFRs, and provides evidence of the beneficial effect of FGF2 upon sperm motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Saucedo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela N. Buffa
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Rosso
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Guillardoy
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian Góngora
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J. Munuce
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Area de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Reprolab, Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica H. Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Marín-Briggiler
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET-FIBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Study of the association of adrenomedullin and basic-fibroblast growth factors with the peripheral arterial blood flow and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral vascular insufficiency. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:94. [PMID: 25287126 PMCID: PMC4195904 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive micro-vascular vaso-degeneration is the major factor in progression of diabetic complications. Adrenomedullin (AM) and basic-Fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) are strongly correlated with angiogenesis in vascular diseases. This study aims to provide base line data regarding the vascular effects and correlation of AM, and b-FGF with the peripheral blood flow in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and their effect on endothelial dysfunction markers. Ninety age- and sex matched females were enrolled in the study: 30 were controls, 30 had diabetes without complications (group II) and 30 had diabetes with PVD (group III) diagnosed by ankle/ brachial index (A/BI). Plasma levels of AM, b-FGF, intercellular adhesion molecule −1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured by indirect enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Results There was a significant increase in plasma AM, VCAM-1and ICAM-1, while a significant decrease in plasma b-FGF in diabetic patients with PVD (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between plasma AM, b-FGF and A/BI and a negative correlation with VCAM −1 and ICAM in diabetic PVD. AM was not a predictor, while b-FG, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 could be predictors for peripheral blood flow in diabetic PVD. Conclusion This study elucidates for the first time that AM and b-FGF are correlated and have a direct impact on the peripheral blood flow, the rise of AM in diabetic PVD may be a consecutive and compensatory vasculo-protective effect as its angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties act to relief the endothelial insult. Down expression of b-FGF may be a predisposing factor for micro-vascular derangement. It is not clear if the rise of AM and the decline of b- FGF levels may be consequences or predisposing factors for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 elevation as these endothelial dysfunction biomarkers could reduce peripheral blood flow and vascular integrity. It is optimistic to believe that drug intervention through AM and b-FGF administration together with reversing the endothelial inflammatory process by targeting VCAM and ICAM could reduce the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications, reduce the risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular morbidity in diabetes through normalizing vascular endothelium function and peripheral blood flow.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee H, Schlereth SL, Park EY, Emami-Naeini P, Chauhan SK, Dana R. A novel pro-angiogenic function for interferon-γ-secreting natural killer cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:2885-92. [PMID: 24713481 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the function of natural killer (NK) cells in inflammatory angiogenesis in mice. METHODS To study ocular angiogenic responses we used the cornea BFGF micropellet and the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse models (C57BL/6). To deplete NK cells in these models, we injected an anti-NK1.1 antibody or an isotype antibody as a control. Corneas or choroids were immunohistochemically stained for blood vessels (CD31), macrophages (F4/80), or CNV (isolectin-IB4). Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), IFN-γ, or TNF-α levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) or flow cytometry. A coculture assay of macrophages, NK cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was analyzed morphometrically to examine the ability of NK cells to induce angiogenesis in vitro. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that in vivo depletion of NK cells leads to a significant reduction of corneal angiogenesis and CNV. Furthermore, NK cell depletion reduces macrophage infiltration into the cornea and mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGFR3 at day 7 after micropellet insertion. In the laser-induced CNV model, our data show that NK cell depletion leads to decreased areas of CNV and significantly reduced mRNA expression of VEGFs and IFN-γ in the choroid. An in vitro coculture assay shows an IFN-γ-dependent increase in VEGF expression levels, thereby increasing endothelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel pro-angiogenic function for NK cells, indicating that IFN-γ-secreting NK cells can induce angiogenesis by promoting enhanced VEGF expression by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HyunSoo Lee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Buachan P, Chularojmontri L, Wattanapitayakul SK. Selected activities of Citrus maxima Merr. fruits on human endothelial cells: enhancing cell migration and delaying cellular aging. Nutrients 2014; 6:1618-34. [PMID: 24763109 PMCID: PMC4011055 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial injury and damage as well as accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies show an association of high citrus fruit intake with a lower risk of CVD and stroke but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr. var. Tubtim Siam, CM) fruit extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) migration and aging. The freeze-dried powder of fruit extract was characterized for antioxidant capacity (FRAP assay) and certain natural antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, gallic acid, hesperidin, and naringin (HPLC). Short-term (48 h) co-cultivation of HUVECs with CM enhanced cell migration as evaluated by a scratch wound assay and Boyden chamber assay. A long-term treatment with CM for 35 days significantly increased HUVEC proliferation capability as indicated by population doubling level (PDL). CM also delayed the onset of aging phenotype shown by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Furthermore, CM was able to attenuate increased ROS levels in aged cells when determined by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCDHF) while eNOS mRNA expression was increased but the eNOS protein level was not changed. Thus, further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to support the use of pummelo as a functional fruit for endothelial health and CVD risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paiwan Buachan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Linda Chularojmontri
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
| | - Suvara K Wattanapitayakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cui H, Yi Q, Feng J, Yang L, Tang L. Mechano growth factor E peptide regulates migration and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:111-20. [PMID: 24323763 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IGF1Ec in humans or IGF1Eb in rodents (known as mechano growth factor (MGF)) has a unique E domain, and the C-terminal end of the E domain (MGF E peptide) plays important roles in proliferation, migration and differentiation of many cell types. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have multiple differentiation potentials and are considered as perfect seed cells for tissue repair. But the role of MGF E peptide on BMSCs is seldom investigated and the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of MGF E peptide on rat BMSCs (rBMSCs). Our results revealed that treatment with MGF E peptide had no effect on BMSC proliferation. However, both wound-healing and transwell assays indicated that MGF E peptide could significantly enhance rBMSCs migration ability. Further analysis indicated that MGF E peptide also reduced the expression levels of osteogenic genes, but increased the expression levels of adipogenic genes. Analysis of molecular mechanism showed that phosphorylation-Erk1/2 was activated by MGF E peptide and blockage of either Erk1/2 or IGF1 receptor could repress the migration effect of MGF E peptide. In conclusion, MGF E peptide is able to inhibit osteogenic differentiation but promote adipogenic differentiation. In addition, the migration effect of MGF E peptide on rBMSCs depends on IGF1 receptor via Erk1/2 signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zafra MP, Cancelliere N, Rodríguez del Río P, Ruiz-García M, Estévez L, Andregnette V, Sánchez-García S, Fiandor A, Collantes E, Sastre J, Quirce S, Ibáñez MD, del Pozo V. Misregulation of suppressors of cytokine signaling in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:910-20. [PMID: 23229770 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several findings suggest that eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is strongly associated with atopy and allergen-driven, Th2-type immune responses, indicating the association of EoE with immune dysregulation. The objective of this study is to ascertain the molecular mechanism involved in EoE disease development a Th2 condition. METHODS 25 patients with diagnosis of EoE and 17 non-EoE controls were recruited by the gastroenterology and allergy departments from three different hospitals. Transcription analysis of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1, 3, 5 (SOCS), interleukin-5 (IL), IL-13, eotaxin (CCL26), eoataxin receptor (CCR3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was performed in esophageal biopsies by real time PCR. Western blot of ERK esophageal protein and additional measures of IL-5 and VEGF levels in serum were performed. RESULTS The esophagus of EoE patients expresses and synthesizes high levels of SOCS1 and SOCS3 proteins (P < 0.05), and these expression correlated with levels of IL-5, IL-13, CCL26, CCR3, and MAPK1 genes. In addition, we demonstrate the implication of the ERK pathway (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SOCS proteins probably contribute to EoE pathogenesis by directly or indirectly inducing the Th2 profile, as well as by promoting the production of Th2 cytokines. All these findings further enhance our understanding of the mechanism of EoE, and accumulating evidence suggests that EoE pathogenesis is likely to be due to misregulation of immunological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Paz Zafra
- Department of Immunology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Capio, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Monti M, Donnini S, Morbidelli L, Giachetti A, Mochly-Rosen D, Mignatti P, Ziche M. PKCε activation promotes FGF-2 exocytosis and induces endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:107-17. [PMID: 23880610 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activation controls fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) angiogenic signaling. Here, we examined the effect of activating PKCε on FGF-2 dependent vascular growth and endothelial activation. ψεRACK, a selective PKCε agonist induces pro-angiogenic responses in endothelial cells, including formation of capillary like structures and cell growth. These effects are mediated by FGF-2 export to the cell membrane, as documented by biotinylation and immunofluorescence, and FGF-2/FGFR1 signaling activation, as attested by ERK1/2-STAT-3 phosphorylation and de novo FGF-2 synthesis. Similarly, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activates PKCε in endothelial cells, and promotes FGF-2 export and FGF-2/FGFR1 signaling activation. ψεRACK fails to elicit responses in FGF-2(-/-) endothelial cells, and in cells pretreated with methylamine (MeNH2), an exocytosis inhibitor, indicating that both intracellular FGF-2 and its export toward the membrane are required for the ψεRACK activity. In vivo ψεRACK does not induce angiogenesis in the rabbit cornea. However, ψεRACK promotes VEGF angiogenic responses, an effect sustained by endothelial FGF-2 release and synthesis, since anti-FGF-2 antibody strongly attenuates VEGF responses. The results demonstrate that PKCε stimulation promotes angiogenesis and modulates VEGF activity, by inducing FGF-2 release and autocrine signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Monti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bansode RR, Leung T, Randolph P, Williams LL, Ahmedna M. Cinnamon extract inhibits angiogenesis in zebrafish and human endothelial cells by suppressing VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and PKC-mediated MAP kinase. Food Sci Nutr 2013; 1:74-82. [PMID: 24804016 PMCID: PMC3951570 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process of new blood vessel generation and under pathological conditions, lead to tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Many bioactive components have been studied for its antiangiogenic properties as a preventive strategy against tumor development. This study is focused on the effects of cinnamon extract in modulating the pathway involved in angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with cinnamon extract at a concentration of 25 μg/mL for 1, 3, or 6 h followed by treatment with phorbol ester (TPA) at a concentration of 10 nmol/L to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression. Results show that cinnamon extract inhibited TPA-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and AKT in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression results in HUVEC showed that cinnamon extract treatment inhibited TPA induction of protein kinase C, PKCα and PKCη messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in a dose-dependent manner along with suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1/Flt1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1) mRNA expression. Cinnamon extract was administered to zebrafish embryos during gastrulation at 6–8 h post fertilization (hpf). The embryos were observed for changes in morphology, toxicity, and blood vessel development. The intersegmental vessels in the zebrafish embryos were attenuated and underdeveloped at an effective cinnamon extract dose of 250 μg/mL compared with the DMSO-treated control. Exposure to cinnamon extract for 36 h resulted in gross morphological deformities. The results suggest the effect of cinnamon extract on angiogenesis is mediated by PKC-dependent phosphorylation of MAPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishipal R Bansode
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, 28081
| | - Tinchung Leung
- Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Nutrition Research Center, North Carolina Research Campus Kannapolis, North Carolina, 28081
| | - Priscilla Randolph
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, 28081
| | - Leonard L Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, 28081
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, 28081 ; Department of Health Sciences, Qatar University P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Geuze RE, Theyse LF, Kempen DH, Hazewinkel HA, Kraak HY, Öner FC, Dhert WJ, Alblas J. A differential effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor release timing on osteogenesis at ectopic and orthotopic sites in a large-animal model. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2052-62. [PMID: 22563713 PMCID: PMC3463278 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, growth factors are widely used. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the most well-known regulators of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. We investigated whether the timing of dual release of VEGF and BMP-2 influences the amount of bone formation in a large-animal model. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) were loaded with BMP-2 or VEGF to create sustained-release profiles, and rapidly degrading gelatin was loaded with either growth factor for fast-release profiles. To study in vivo osteogenicity, the two delivery vehicles were combined with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds and implanted in 10 Beagle dogs for 9 weeks, at both ectopic (paraspinal muscles) and orthotopic sites (critical-size ulnar defect). The 9 ectopic groups contained combined or single BMP/VEGF dosage, in sustained- or fast-release profiles. In the ulnae of 8 dogs, fast VEGF and sustained BMP-2 were applied to one leg, and the other received the opposite release profiles. The two remaining dogs received bilateral control scaffolds. Bone growth dynamics was analyzed by fluorochrome injection at weeks 3, 5, and 7. Postoperative and posteuthanization X-rays of the ulnar implants were taken. After 9 weeks of implantation, bone quantity and bone growth dynamics were studied by histology, histomorphometry, and fluorescence microscopy. The release of the growth factors resulted in both enhanced orthotopic and ectopic bone formation. Bone formation started before 3 weeks and continued beyond 7 weeks. The ectopic BMP-2 fast groups showed significantly more bone compared to sustained release, independent of the VEGF profile. The ulna implants revealed no significant differences in the amount of bone formed. This study shows that timing of BMP-2 release largely determines speed and amount of ectopic bone formation independent of VEGF release. Furthermore, at the orthotopic site, no significant effect on bone formation was found from a timed release of growth factors, implicating that timed-release effects are location dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Geuze
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars F.H. Theyse
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik H.R. Kempen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Helen Y.A. Kraak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Suwanabol PA, Seedial SM, Shi X, Zhang F, Yamanouchi D, Roenneburg D, Liu B, Kent KC. Transforming growth factor-β increases vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through the Smad3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:446-54. [PMID: 22521802 PMCID: PMC3408812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the presence of elevated levels of Smad3, its primary signaling protein, stimulates rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. The mechanism is partly through the nuclear exportation of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. The objective of this study is to clarify the downstream pathways through which Smad3 produces its proliferative effect. Specifically, we evaluated the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in TGF-β-induced VSMC proliferation. METHODS Cultured rat aortic VSMCs were incubated with TGF-β at varying concentrations and times, and phosphorylated ERK was measured by Western blotting. Smad3 was enhanced in VSMCs using an adenovirus expressing Smad3 or inhibited with small interfering RNA (siRNA). For in vivo experiments, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent carotid balloon injury, followed by intraluminal infection with an adenovirus expressing Smad3. Arteries were harvested at 3 days and subjected to immunohistochemistry for Smad3, phospho-ERK MAPK, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. RESULTS In cultured VSMCs, TGF-β induced activation and phosphorylation of ERK MAPK in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Overexpression of the signaling protein Smad3 enhanced TGF-β-induced activation of ERK MAPK, whereas inhibition of Smad3 with a siRNA blocked ERK MAPK phosphorylation in response to TGF-β. These data suggest that Smad3 acts as a signaling intermediate between TGF-β and ERK MAPK. Inhibition of ERK MAPK activation with PD98059 completely blocked the ability of TGF-β/Smad3 to stimulate VSMC proliferation, demonstrating the importance of ERK MAPK in this pathway. Immunoprecipitation of phospho-ERK MAPK and blotting with Smad3 revealed a physical association, suggesting that activation of ERK MAPK by Smad3 requires a direct interaction. In an in vivo rat carotid injury model, overexpression of Smad3 resulted in an increase in phosphorylated ERK MAPK as well as increased VSMC proliferation as measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a mechanism through which TGF-β stimulates VSMC proliferation. Although TGF-β has been traditionally identified as an inhibitor of proliferation, our data suggest that TGF-β enhances VSMC proliferation through a Smad3/ERK MAPK signaling pathway. These findings at least partly explain the mechanism by which TGF-β enhances intimal hyperplasia. Knowledge of this pathway provides potential novel targets that may be used to prevent restenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xudong Shi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 U.S.A
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 U.S.A
| | - Dai Yamanouchi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 U.S.A
| | - Drew Roenneburg
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 U.S.A
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 U.S.A
| | - K. Craig Kent
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Matsuda S, Fujita T, Kajiya M, Takeda K, Shiba H, Kawaguchi H, Kurihara H. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces migration of endothelial cells through a TrkB-ERK-integrin αVβ3-FAK cascade. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2123-9. [PMID: 21769870 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the regeneration of periodontal tissue. Since angiogenesis is important for tissue regeneration, investigating effect of BDNF on endothelial cell function may help to reveal its mechanism, whereby, BDNF promotes periodontal tissue regeneration. In this study, we examined the influence of BDNF on migration in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), focusing on the effects on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), integrin α(V)β(3), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The migration of endothelial cells was assessed with a modified Boyden chamber and a wound healing assay. The expression of integrin α(V)β(3) and the phosphorylation of ERK and FAK were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. BDNF (25 ng/ml) induced cell migration. PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, K252a, a specific inhibitor for TrkB, a high affinity receptor of BDNF, and an anti-integrin α(V)β(3) antibody suppressed the BDNF-induced migration. BDNF increased the levels of integrin α(V)β(3) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 and FAK. The ERK inhibitor and TrkB inhibitor also reduced levels of integrin α(V)β(3) and phosphorylated FAK. We propose that BDNF stimulates endothelial cell migration by a process involving TrkB/ERK/integrin α(V)β(3)/FAK, and this may help to enhance the regeneration of periodontal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chung JH, Im EK, Jin TW, Lee SM, Kim SH, Choi EY, Shin MJ, Lee KH, Jang Y. Cathepsin L derived from skeletal muscle cells transfected with bFGF promotes endothelial cell migration. Exp Mol Med 2011; 43:179-88. [PMID: 21350328 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.4.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to induce significant endothelial migration and angiogenesis in ischemic disease models. Here, we investigate what factors are secreted from skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) transfected with bFGF gene and whether they participate in endothelial cell migration. We constructed replication-defective adenovirus vectors containing the human bFGF gene (Ad/bFGF) or a control LacZ gene (Ad/LacZ) and obtained conditioned media, bFGF-CM and LacZ-CM, from SkMCs infected by Ad/bFGF or Ad/LacZ, respectively. Cell migration significantly increased in HUVECs incubated with bFGF-CM compared to cells incubated with LacZ-CM. Interestingly, HUVEC migration in response to bFGF-CM was only partially blocked by the addition of bFGF-neutralizing antibody, suggesting that bFGF-CM contains other factors that stimulate endothelial cell migration. Several proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and cathepsin L, increased in bFGF-CM compared to LacZ-CM; based on 1-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Their increased mRNA and protein levels were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. The recombinant human bFGF protein induced MMP-1, PAI-1, and cathepsin L expression in SkMCs. Endothelial cell migration was reduced in groups treated with bFGF-CM containing neutralizing antibodies against MMP-1 or PAI-1. In particular, HUVECs treated with bFGF-CM containing cell-impermeable cathepsin L inhibitor showed the most significant decrease in cell migration. Cathepsin L protein directly promotes endothelial cell migration through the JNK pathway. These results indicate that cathepsin L released from SkMCs transfected with the bFGF gene can promote endothelial cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Chung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shi C, Lu J, Wu W, Ma F, Georges J, Huang H, Balducci J, Chang Y, Huang Y. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 2 (ECSM2) localizes to cell-cell junctions and modulates bFGF-directed cell migration via the ERK-FAK pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21482. [PMID: 21720547 PMCID: PMC3123356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its first discovery by in silico cloning of novel endothelial cell-specific genes a decade ago, the biological functions of endothelial cell-specific molecule 2 (ECSM2) have only recently begun to be understood. Limited data suggest its involvement in cell migration and apoptosis. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms and novel functions of ECSM2 remain to be explored. Methodology/Principal Findings A rabbit anti-ECSM2 monoclonal antibody (RabMAb) was generated and used to characterize the endogenous ECSM2 protein. Immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, deglycosylation, immunostaining and confocal microscopy validated that endogenous ECSM2 is a plasma membrane glycoprotein preferentially expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Expression patterns of heterologously expressed and endogenous ECSM2 identified that ECSM2 was particularly concentrated at cell-cell contacts. Cell aggregation and transwell assays showed that ECSM2 promoted cell-cell adhesion and attenuated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-driven EC migration. Gain or loss of function assays by overexpression or knockdown of ECSM2 in ECs demonstrated that ECSM2 modulated bFGF-directed EC motility via the FGF receptor (FGFR)-extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway. The counterbalance between FAK tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) and ERK-dependent serine phosphorylation of FAK was critically involved. A model of how ECSM2 signals to impact bFGF/FGFR-driven EC migration was proposed. Conclusions/Significance ECSM2 is likely a novel EC junctional protein. It can promote cell-cell adhesion and inhibit bFGF-mediated cell migration. Mechanistically, ECSM2 attenuates EC motility through the FGFR-ERK-FAK pathway. The findings suggest that ECSM2 could be a key player in coordinating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-, integrin-, and EC junctional component-mediated signaling and may have important implications in disorders related to endothelial dysfunction and impaired EC junction signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanxin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Joseph Georges
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hanju Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - James Balducci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yongchang Chang
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bang JY, Kim EY, Kang DK, Chang SI, Han MH, Baek KH, Kang IC. Pharmacoproteomic analysis of a novel cell-permeable peptide inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.005264. [PMID: 21558493 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.005264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
P11, a novel peptide ligand containing a PDZ-binding motif (Ser-Asp-Val) with high affinity to integrin α(v)β(3) was identified from a hexapeptide library (PS-SPCL) using a protein microarray chip-based screening system. Here, we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of P11 (HSDVHK) on tumor-induced angiogenesis via a pharmacoproteomic approach. P11 was rapidly internalized by, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via an integrin α(v)β(3)-mediated event. Caveolin and clathrin appeared to be involved in the P11 uptake process. The cell-penetrating P11 resulted in suppression of bFGF-induced HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) in bFGF-stimulated HUVECs was inhibited by cell-permeable P11. Proteomic analysis via antibody microarray showed up-regulation of p53 in P11-treated HUVECs, resulting in induction of apoptosis via activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9. Several lines of experimental evidence strongly suggest that the molecular mechanism of P11, a novel anti-angiogenic agent, inhibits bFGF-induced HUVEC proliferation via mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and extracellular-signal regulated kinase inhibition as well as p53-mediated apoptosis related with activation of caspases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Bang
- InnoPharmaScreen Inc, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Du J, Sun C, Hu Z, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zheng D, Gu L, Lu X. Lysophosphatidic acid induces MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells migration through activation of PI3K/PAK1/ERK signaling. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15940. [PMID: 21209852 PMCID: PMC3012724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enhanced motility of cancer cells is a critical step in promoting tumor metastasis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), representing the major mitogenic activity in serum, stimulates migration in various types of cancer cells. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms for LPA-induced motility of cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we found that LPA dose-dependently stimulated migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, with 10 µM being the most effective. LPA also increased ERK activity and the MEK inhibitor U0126 could block LPA-induced ERK activity and cell migration. In addition, LPA induced PAK1 activation while ERK activation and cell migration were inhibited by ectopic expression of an inactive mutant form of PAK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, LPA increased PI3K activity, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibited both LPA-induced PAK1/ERK activation and cell migration. Moreover, in the breast cancer cell, LPA treatment resulted in remarkable production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while LPA-induced ROS generation, PI3K/PAK1/ERK activation and cell migration could be inhibited by N-acetyl-L-Cysteine, a scavenger of ROS. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, this study identifies a PI3K/PAK1/ERK signaling pathway for LPA-stimulated breast cancer cell migration. These data also suggest that ROS generation plays an essential role in the activation of LPA-stimulated PI3K/PAK1/ERK signaling and breast cancer cell migration. These findings may provide a basis for designing future therapeutic strategy for blocking breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongqi Sun
- Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Datong Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (XL)
| | - Xiang Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LG); (XL)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kramer CD, Poole NM, Coons LB, Cole JA. Tick saliva regulates migration, phagocytosis, and gene expression in the macrophage-like cell line, IC-21. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:665-71. [PMID: 21145320 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of tick saliva on cell migration, cell signaling, phagocytosis, and gene expression in the murine macrophage cell line, IC-21. Saliva increased both basal- and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated migration in IC-21 cells. However, saliva did not affect PDGF-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Zymosan-mediated interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK) activity increased when cells were pretreated with saliva. Saliva suppressed phagocytosis of zymosan particles by IC-21 cells. An RT(2) Profiler™ PCR Array revealed that saliva regulates gene expression in a manner consistent with an immune response skewed toward a Th2 reaction, which is characterized by production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Our results using IC-21 cells suggest that Dermacentor variabilis has evolved a mechanism for regulating macrophage function, which may contribute to the tick's ability to modulate immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Kramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Huang JJ, Joh JW, Fuentebella J, Patel A, Nguyen T, Seki S, Hoyte L, Reshamwala N, Nguyen C, Quiros A, Bass D, Sibley E, Berquist W, Cox K, Kerner J, Nadeau KC. Eotaxin and FGF enhance signaling through an extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-dependent pathway in the pathogenesis of Eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2010; 6:25. [PMID: 20815913 PMCID: PMC2976489 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by the inflammation of the esophagus and the infiltration of eosinophils into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as dysphagia and stricture formation. Systemic immune indicators like eotaxin and fibroblast growth factor were evaluated for possible synergistic pathological effects. Moreover, blood cells, local tissue, and plasma from EoE and control subjects were studied to determine if the localized disease was associated with a systemic effect that correlated with presence of EoE disease. Method Real-time polymerase chain reaction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), immunohistochemistry from local esophageal biopsies, fluid assays on plasma, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting on peripheral blood cells from subjects were used to study the systemic immune indicators in newly diagnosed EoE (n = 35), treated EoE (n = 9), Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 8), ulcerative colitis (n = 5), Crohn's disease (n = 5), and healthy controls (n = 8). Result Of the transcripts tested for possible immune indicators, we found extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Bcl-2, bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), and eotaxin levels were highly upregulated in PBMC and associated with disease presence of EoE. Increased FGF detected by immunohistochemistry in esophageal tissues and in PBMC was correlated with low levels of pro-apoptotic factors (Fas, Caspase 8) in PBMC from EoE subjects. Plasma-derived bFGF was shown to be the most elevated and most specific in EoE subjects in comparison to healthy controls and disease control subjects. Conclusion We describe for the first time a possible mechanism by which increased FGF is associated with inhibiting apoptosis in local esophageal tissues of EoE subjects as compared to controls. Eotaxin and FGF signaling pathways share activation through the ERK pathway; together, they could act to increase eosinophil activation and prolong the half-life of eosinophils in local tissues of the esophagus in EoE subjects.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sabatel C, Cornet AM, Tabruyn SP, Malvaux L, Castermans K, Martial JA, Struman I. Sprouty1, a new target of the angiostatic agent 16K prolactin, negatively regulates angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:231. [PMID: 20813052 PMCID: PMC2944818 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorganized angiogenesis is associated with several pathologies, including cancer. The identification of new genes that control tumor neovascularization can provide novel insights for future anti-cancer therapies. Sprouty1 (SPRY1), an inhibitor of the MAPK pathway, might be one of these new genes. We identified SPRY1 by comparing the transcriptomes of untreated endothelial cells with those of endothelial cells treated by the angiostatic agent 16 K prolactin (16 K hPRL). In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential function of SPRY1 in angiogenesis. RESULTS We confirmed 16 K hPRL induced up-regulation of SPRY1 in primary endothelial cells. In addition, we demonstrated the positive SPRY1 regulation in a chimeric mouse model of human colon carcinoma in which 16 K hPRL treatment was shown to delay tumor growth. Expression profiling by qRT-PCR with species-specific primers revealed that induction of SPRY1 expression by 16 K hPRL occurs only in the (murine) endothelial compartment and not in the (human) tumor compartment. The regulation of SPRY1 expression was NF-κB dependent. Partial SPRY1 knockdown by RNA interference protected endothelial cells from apoptosis as well as increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, capillary network formation, and adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. SPRY1 knockdown was also shown to affect the expression of cyclinD1 and p21 both involved in cell-cycle regulation. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of SPRY1 as an inhibitor of ERK/MAPK signaling and to a possible explanation of its effect on cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that SPRY1 is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Sabatel
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GIGA-research, University of Liège, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Protein targets of inflammatory serine proteases and cardiovascular disease. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:45. [PMID: 20804552 PMCID: PMC2936362 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases are a key component of the inflammatory response as they are discharged from activated leukocytes and mast cells or generated through the coagulation cascade. Their enzymatic activity plays a major role in the body's defense mechanisms but it has also an impact on vascular homeostasis and tissue remodeling. Here we focus on the biological role of serine proteases in the context of cardiovascular disease and their mechanism(s) of action in determining specific vascular and tissue phenotypes. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate serine protease effects; however, these proteases also exert a number of biological activities independent of PARs as they target specific protein substrates implicated in vascular remodeling and the development of cardiovascular disease thus controlling their activities. In this review both PAR-dependent and -independent mechanisms of action of serine proteases are discussed for their relevance to vascular homeostasis and structural/functional alterations of the cardiovascular system. The elucidation of these mechanisms will lead to a better understanding of the molecular forces that control vascular and tissue homeostasis and to effective preventative and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chitra E, Lin YW, Davamani F, Hsiao KN, Sia C, Hsieh SY, Wei OL, Chen JH, Chow YH. Functional interaction between Env oncogene from Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and tumor suppressor Sprouty2. Retrovirology 2010; 7:62. [PMID: 20678191 PMCID: PMC2922082 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is a type D retrovirus capable of transforming target cells in vitro and in vivo. The Envelope (Env) gene from JSRV and from related retroviruses can induce oncogenic transformation, although the detailed mechanism is yet to be clearly understood. Host cell factors are envisaged to play a critical determining role in the regulation of Env-mediated cell transformation. Results JSRV Env-mediated transformation of a lung adenocarcinoma cell line induced rapid proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation, but completely abrogated the migration ability. An analysis of the signaling scenario in the transformed cells suggested the involvement of the ERK pathway regulated by Sprouty2 in cell migration, and the PI3K-Akt and STAT3 pathways in proliferation and anchorage-independence. On the other hand, in a normal lung epithelial cell line, Env-mediated transformation only decreased the migration potential while the other functions remained unaltered. We observed that Env induced the expression of a tumor suppressor, Sprouty2, suggesting a correlation between Env-effect and Sprouty2 expression. Overexpression of Sprouty2 per se not only decreased the migratory potential and tumor formation potential of the target cells but also made them resistant to subsequent Env-mediated transformation. On the other hand, over expression of the functional mutants of Sprouty2 had no inhibitory effect, confirming the role of Sprouty2 as a tumor suppressor. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that Env and Sprouty2 have a functional relationship, probably through shared signaling network. Sprouty2 functions as a tumor suppressor regulating oncogenic transformation of cells, and it therefore has the potential to be exploited as a therapeutic anti-cancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Chitra
- Vaccine R&D Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tonutti L, Manzi L, Tacconi MT, Bazzoni G. Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits endothelial cell migration in vitro. JOURNAL OF ANGIOGENESIS RESEARCH 2010; 2:12. [PMID: 20618952 PMCID: PMC2914648 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids exert a beneficial action on the cardiovascular system, it is important to investigate their effects on endothelial cell responses that (like migration) contribute to repairing vascular lesions. METHODS To this purpose, using functional and morphological in vitro assays, we have examined the effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the migration of endothelial cells. RESULTS We report here that incubation of endothelial cells with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids impaired cell migration into a wound, triggered peripheral distribution of focal adhesions and caused partial disassembly of actin filaments. We also found that eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid exerted similar effects on the focal adhesions, but that eicosapentaenoic acid was sufficient for inhibiting cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of endothelial cell migration in the repair of vascular injuries, these in vitro findings call for in vivo evaluation of vascular repair in response to different dietary ratios of eicosapentaenoic to docosahexaenoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tonutti
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Manzi
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria T Tacconi
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bazzoni
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bower NI, Johnston IA. Transcriptional regulation of the IGF signaling pathway by amino acids and insulin-like growth factors during myogenesis in Atlantic salmon. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11100. [PMID: 20559434 PMCID: PMC2885424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway is an important regulator of skeletal muscle growth. We examined the mRNA expression of components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway as well as Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) during maturation of myotubes in primary cell cultures isolated from fast myotomal muscle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The transcriptional regulation of IGFs and IGFBP expression by amino acids and insulin-like growth factors was also investigated. Proliferation of cells was 15% d−1 at days 2 and 3 of the culture, increasing to 66% d−1 at day 6. Three clusters of elevated gene expression were observed during the maturation of the culture associated with mono-nucleic cells (IGFBP5.1 and 5.2, IGFBP-6, IGFBP-rP1, IGFBP-2.2 and IGF-II), the initial proliferation phase (IGF-I, IGFBP-4, FGF2 and IGF-IRb) and terminal differentiation and myotube production (IGF2R, IGF-IRa). In cells starved of amino acids and serum for 72 h, IGF-I mRNA decreased 10-fold which was reversed by amino acid replacement. Addition of IGF-I and amino acids to starved cells resulted in an 18-fold increase in IGF-I mRNA indicating synergistic effects and the activation of additional pathway(s) leading to IGF-I production via a positive feedback mechanism. IGF-II, IGFBP-5.1 and IGFBP-5.2 expression was unchanged in starved cells, but increased with amino acid replacement. Synergistic increases in expression of IGFBP5.2 and IGFBP-4, but not IGFBP5.1 were observed with addition of IGF-I, IGF-II or insulin and amino acids to the medium. IGF-I and IGF-II directly stimulated IGFBP-6 expression, but not when amino acids were present. These findings indicate that amino acids alone are sufficient to stimulate myogenesis in myoblasts and that IGF-I production is controlled by both endocrine and paracrine pathways. A model depicting the transcriptional regulation of the IGF pathway in Atlantic salmon muscle following feeding is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil I Bower
- Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Progress on antiangiogenic therapy for patients with malignant glioma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:689018. [PMID: 20379377 PMCID: PMC2850510 DOI: 10.1155/2010/689018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor occurring in America. Despite recent advances in therapeutics, the prognosis for patients with newly diagnosed GBM remains dismal. As these tumors characteristically show evidence of angiogenesis (neovascularization) there has been great interest in developing anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with this disease and some anti-angiogenic agents have now been used for the treatment of patients with malignant glioma tumors. Although the results of these clinical trials are promising in that they indicate an initial therapeutic response, the anti-angiogenic therapies tested to date have not changed the overall survival of patients with malignant glioma tumors. This is due, in large part, to the development of resistance to these therapies. Ongoing research into key features of the neovasculature in malignant glioma tumors, as well as the general angiogenesis process, is suggesting additional molecules that may be targeted and an improved response when both the neovasculature and the tumor cells are targeted. Prevention of the development of resistance may require the development of anti-angiogenic strategies that induce apoptosis or cell death of the neovasculature, as well as an improved understanding of the potential roles of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and vascular co-option by tumor cells, in the development of resistance.
Collapse
|
45
|
Malan D, Wenzel D, Schmidt A, Geisen C, Raible A, Bölck B, Fleischmann BK, Bloch W. Endothelial beta1 integrins regulate sprouting and network formation during vascular development. Development 2010; 137:993-1002. [PMID: 20179098 DOI: 10.1242/dev.045377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
beta1 integrins are important regulators of vascular differentiation and development, as their endothelial-specific deletion results in embryonic lethality. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the prominent vascular abnormalities that occur in the absence of beta1 integrins. Because of the early embryonic lethality of knockout mice, we studied endothelial cell and vessel development in beta1-integrin-deficient murine embryonic stem cells to gain novel insights into the role of beta1 integrins in vasculo-angiogenesis. We found that vessel development was strongly defective in the mutant embryoid bodies (EBs), as only primitive and short sprouts developed from clusters of vascular precursors in beta1 integrin(-/-) EBs, whereas complex network formation of endothelial tubes was observed in wild-type EBs. The vascular defect was due to deficient beta1 integrin expression in endothelial cells, as its endothelial-specific re-expression rescued the phenotype entirely. The mechanism responsible for defective vessel formation was found to be reduced endothelial cell maturation, migration and elongation. Moreover, the lower number of endothelial cells in beta1 integrin(-/-) EBs was due to an increased apoptosis versus proliferation rate. The enhanced apoptosis and proliferation of beta1 integrin(-/-) endothelial cells was related to the elevation of peNOS and pAKT signaling molecules, respectively. Our data demonstrate that endothelial beta1 integrins are determinants of vessel formation and that this effect is mediated via different signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cho GW, Kang BY, Kim SH. Human angiogenin presents neuroprotective and migration effects in neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:133-41. [PMID: 20174961 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human angiogenin (ANG) has been highlighted as an angiogenic factor which supports primary and metastatic tumor growth. Recent genetic studies have shown that ANG is presented as a susceptibility gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ALS-frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). They found several missense mutations, including K40I, which present the weakest functional activity in ANG variants. In this study, we investigate whether human wild type ANG (wANG) and its variant K40I (mANG) maintain their divergent functional capacities in neuronal cells. To evaluate this, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were transfected with wANG and mANG DNA and identified both wild and mutant ANG are localized to nuclei and have no effects on proliferation. We have shown that human wANG prevented cell death under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress in both SH-SY5Y and NSC-34 cells, tested by MTT assay. These effects were more enhanced in motor neuron cell NSC-34. wANG also played a role in cell migration, while mANG decreased these functional activities. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the intracellular signaling of ERK1/2 (at Thr183/Tyr185) was increased following transfection of the wANG gene, and significantly decreased by mANG in neuronal cells. These findings suggest that human ANG plays a critical role in cell protection and migration following alterations in ERK1/2 signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. This may provide the possible relationship between mutations in hANG and other neurodegenerative diseases as well as ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goang-Won Cho
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, #17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 139-791, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine A Khalil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Srinivasan R, Zabuawala T, Huang H, Zhang J, Gulati P, Fernandez S, Karlo JC, Landreth GE, Leone G, Ostrowski MC. Erk1 and Erk2 regulate endothelial cell proliferation and migration during mouse embryonic angiogenesis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8283. [PMID: 20011539 PMCID: PMC2789384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex process orchestrated by both growth factors and cell adhesion and is initiated by focal degradation of the vascular basement membrane with subsequent migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is required for EC function during angiogenesis. Although in vitro studies implicate ERK1 and ERK2 in endothelial cell survival, their precise role in angiogenesis in vivo remains poorly defined. Cre/loxP technology was used to inactivate Erk1 and Erk2 in endothelial cells during murine development, resulting in embryonic lethality due to severely reduced angiogenesis. Deletion of Erk1 and Erk2 in primary endothelial cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration, but not in increased apoptosis. Expression of key cell cycle regulators was diminished in the double knockout cells, and decreased DNA synthesis could be observed in endothelial cells during embryogenesis. Interestingly, both Paxillin and Focal Adhesion Kinase were expressed at lower levels in endothelial cells lacking Erk1 and Erk2 both in vivo and in vitro, leading to defects in the organization of the cytoskeleton and in cell motility. The regulation of Paxillin and Focal Adhesion Kinase expression occurred post-transcriptionally. These results demonstrate that ERK1 and ERK2 coordinate endothelial cell proliferation and migration during angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Srinivasan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tahera Zabuawala
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hong Huang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Parul Gulati
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Soledad Fernandez
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - J. Colleen Karlo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Landreth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Ostrowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Tumor Microenvironment Program, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tate MC, Aghi MK. Biology of angiogenesis and invasion in glioma. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:447-57. [PMID: 19560735 PMCID: PMC5084181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of adult brain tumors, in particular glioblastoma, remains a significant clinical challenge, despite modest advances in surgical technique, radiation, and chemotherapeutics. The formation of abnormal, dysfunctional tumor vasculature and glioma cell invasion along white matter tracts are believed to be major components of the inability to treat these tumors effectively. Recent insight into the fundamental processes governing glioma angiogenesis and invasion provide a renewed hope for development of novel strategies aimed at reducing the morbidity of this uniformly fatal disease. In this review, we discuss background biology of the blood brain barrier and its pertinence to blood vessel formation and tumor invasion. We will then focus our attention on the biology of glioma angiogenesis and invasion, and the key mediators of these processes. Last, we will briefly discuss recent and ongoing clinical trials targeting mediators of angiogenesis or invasion in glioma patients. The findings provide a renewed hope for those endeavoring to improve treatment of patients with glioma by providing a novel set of rational targets for translational drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Tate
- grid.266102.10000000122976811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, 94143-0112 San Francisco, CA
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- grid.266102.10000000122976811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, 94143-0112 San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Koh SH, Noh MY, Cho GW, Kim KS, Kim SH. Erythropoietin increases the motility of human bone marrow-multipotent stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) and enhances the production of neurotrophic factors from hBM-MSCs. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:411-21. [PMID: 18590375 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has been extensively studied as an approach to repair damage in nervous system diseases. Multipotent stromal cells [MSCs] are well known to have neuroprotective effects and neural differentiation potential. The ability to induce migration of MSCs near nervous system damage via direct transplantation or via intravenous injections and increase the secretion of neurotrophic factors from MSCs might improve our ability to repair damage to the nervous system through cell therapy. In the present study, we investigated whether recombinant human erythropoietin [rhEPO], known to have a hematopoietic effect, could increase the motility of human bone marrow [hBM]-MSCs and enhance production of neurotrophic factors from hBM-MSCs. Based on the results of our MTT assay, trypan blue staining, and bromodeoxyuridine ELISA, rhEPO treatment increases the viability of MSCs but not their proliferation. With a migration assay kit, we demonstrated that the motility of hBM-MSCs was enhanced in rhEPO-treated cells. Immunoblotting assays revealed increased expression of phospho-Akt, phospho-GSK-3beta, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), beta PAK-interacting exchange factor (PIX), CXCR4, phospho tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 [VEGFR-2] in rhEPO-treated cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography demonstrated that rhEPO treatment induces MMP-2 mRNA level and activity. In the studies using ELISAs, we found that rhEPO could increase levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha, VEGF, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors. These findings suggest that rhEPO can increase the viability and motility of hBM-MSCs by affecting various intracellular signals including Akt, ERK, beta-PIX, CXCR4, TrkB, VEGFR-2, and MMP-2 and can enhance the production of neurotrophic factors from hBM-MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|