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Mannes A, Nogueira A, Both A, Mayr A, Marciniak J, Küchler EC, Bekbulat F, Cirelli JA, Kirschneck C, Behl C, Deschner J, Jäger A, Beisel-Memmert S. Biomechanically induced regulation of Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 in periodontal cells and tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2025; 742:151131. [PMID: 39657351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.151131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy is an important adaptive process for mechanotransduction, in which Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) has a key function in cell fate determination. This study aimed to analyze the influence of biomechanical loading on DRAM1 expression in periodontal cells and tissues. METHODS Human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were stimulated with different pressure protocols, physiological load and overload, in the presence and absence of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and compared with untreated cells. DRAM1 expression was measured using real-time PCR and ELISA after 1 d and 2 d. DRAM1 expression was determined in gingival biopsies of rats, and gene expression of DRAM1 was analyzed after 1 d, 7 d, and 15 d of orthodontic treatment. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA and post-hoc tests. RESULTS Overload led to increased DRAM1 gene expression after 1 d, while physiological load did not change DRAM1 expression. After 2 d, DRAM1 expression was increased in both groups. Protein levels were elevated after 2 d of pressure application of both magnitudes, while no significant increase was evident after 1 d. Treatment with 3-MA led to a significant reduction in DRAM1 gene expression in both pressure groups, while it remained unchanged in the control group. In vivo, DRAM1 was located in the periodontal ligament, and we could determine an orthodontic force-mediated increase in DRAM1 gene expression at 7 d and 15 d. CONCLUSION This study indicates a dependence of DRAM1 regulation on the duration and magnitude of bio-mechanical loading and on autophagy-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anemone Mannes
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andressa Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Both
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Mayr
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Marciniak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fazilet Bekbulat
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, The Autophagy Lab, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 14801-903, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, The Autophagy Lab, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Guo T, Pei F, Zhang M, Yamada T, Feng J, Jing J, Ho TV, Chai Y. Vascular architecture regulates mesenchymal stromal cell heterogeneity via P53-PDGF signaling in the mouse incisor. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:904-920.e6. [PMID: 38703771 PMCID: PMC11162319 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in niches to maintain tissue homeostasis and contribute to repair and regeneration. Although the physiological functions of blood and lymphatic vasculature are well studied, their regulation of MSCs as niche components remains largely unknown. Using adult mouse incisors as a model, we uncover the role of Trp53 in regulating vascular composition through THBS2 to maintain mesenchymal tissue homeostasis. Loss of Trp53 in GLI1+ progeny increases arteries and decreases other vessel types. Platelet-derived growth factors from arteries deposit in the MSC region and interact with PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Significantly, PDGFRA+ and PDGFRB+ cells differentially contribute to defined cell lineages in the adult mouse incisor. Collectively, our results highlight Trp53's importance in regulating the vascular niche for MSCs. They also shed light on how different arterial cells provide unique cues to regulate MSC subpopulations and maintain their heterogeneity. Furthermore, they provide mechanistic insight into MSC-vasculature crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Takahiko Yamada
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Zhao J, Yoshizumi M. A Comprehensive Retrospective Study on the Mechanisms of Cyclic Mechanical Stretch-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Death Underlying Aortic Dissection and Potential Therapeutics for Preventing Acute Aortic Aneurysm and Associated Ruptures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2544. [PMID: 38473793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) and associated ruptures are the leading causes of death in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hypertension is a prime risk factor for AAD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AAD remain poorly understood. We previously reported that cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) leads to the death of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). This review focuses on the mechanisms of CMS-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) death. Moreover, we have also discussed the potential therapeutics for preventing AAD and aneurysm ruptures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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4
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Pan L, Vlahopoulos S, Tanner L, Bergwik J, Bacsi A, Radak Z, Egesten A, Ba X, Brasier AR, Boldogh I. Substrate-specific binding of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) reprograms mucosal adaptations to chronic airway injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186369. [PMID: 37614238 PMCID: PMC10442650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have uncovered the non-random distribution of 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua) induced by reactive oxygen species, which is believed to have epigenetic effects. Its cognate repair protein, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), reads oxidative substrates and participates in transcriptional initiation. When redox signaling is activated in small airway epithelial cells, the DNA repair function of OGG1 is repurposed to transmit acute inflammatory signals accompanied by cell state transitions and modification of the extracellular matrix. Epithelial-mesenchymal and epithelial-immune interactions act cooperatively to establish a local niche that instructs the mucosal immune landscape. If the transitional cell state governed by OGG1 remains responsive to inflammatory mediators instead of differentiation, the collateral damage provides positive feedback to inflammation, ascribing inflammatory remodeling to one of the drivers in chronic pathologies. In this review, we discuss the substrate-specific read through OGG1 has evolved in regulating the innate immune response, controlling adaptations of the airway to environmental and inflammatory injury, with a focus on the reader function of OGG1 in initiation and progression of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions in chronic pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- Horemeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Zhang Q, Liu G, Liu R, Liu J, Zeng X, Ren D, Yan X, Yuan X. Dual role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-ATF-6 activation in autophagy and apoptosis induced by cyclic stretch in myoblast. Apoptosis 2023; 28:796-809. [PMID: 36881290 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mandibular growth that is induced by functional appliances is closely associated with skeletal and neuromuscular adaptation. Accumulating evidence has proved that apoptosis and autophagy have a vital role in adaptation process. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study sought to determine whether ATF-6 is involved in stretch-induced apoptosis and autophagy in myoblast. The study also sought to uncover the potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL and Annexin V and PI staining. Autophagy was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and immunofluorescent staining for autophagy-related protein light chain 3 (LC3). Real time-PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate the expression level of mRNA and proteins that were associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy and apoptosis. RESULTS Cyclic stretch significantly decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis and autophagy of myoblasts time-dependently. Stretching stimuli activated ATF-6 pathway and induced ERS-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, using 4-PBA significantly inhibited ERS-related apoptosis, as well as partially decreasing autophagy. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA enhanced apoptosis by affecting the expression of CHOP and Bcl-2. However, it had no obvious effects on ERS-related proteins of GRP78 and ATF-6. More importantly, knockdown ATF-6 effectively weakened apoptosis and autophagy. It did so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Beclin1 and CHOP, but not cleaved Caspase-12, LC3II and p62 in stretched myoblast. CONCLUSION ATF-6 pathway was activated in myoblast by mechanical stretch. ATF-6 may regulate the process of stretch-induced myoblast apoptosis and autophagy via CHOP, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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6
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Pan L, Hao W, Xue Y, Wang K, Zheng X, Luo J, Ba X, Xiang Y, Qin X, Bergwik J, Tanner L, Egesten A, Brasier AR, Boldogh I. 8-Oxoguanine targeted by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is central to fibrogenic gene activation upon lung injury. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1087-1102. [PMID: 36651270 PMCID: PMC9943661 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in epithelial cell-state transition and deposition of extracellular matrix upon airway injury. Of the many cellular targets of ROS, oxidative DNA modification is a major driving signal. However, the role of oxidative DNA damage in modulation profibrotic processes has not been fully delineated. Herein, we report that oxidative DNA base lesions, 8-oxoG, complexed with 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) functions as a pioneer factor, contributing to transcriptional reprogramming within airway epithelial cells. We show that TGFβ1-induced ROS increased 8-oxoG levels in open chromatin, dynamically reconfigure the chromatin state. OGG1 complexed with 8-oxoG recruits transcription factors, including phosphorylated SMAD3, to pro-fibrotic gene promoters thereby facilitating gene activation. Moreover, 8-oxoG levels are elevated in lungs of mice subjected to TGFβ1-induced injury. Pharmacologic targeting of OGG1 with the selective small molecule inhibitor of 8-oxoG binding, TH5487, abrogates fibrotic gene expression and remodeling in this model. Collectively, our study implicates that 8-oxoG substrate-specific binding by OGG1 is a central modulator of transcriptional regulation in response to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaoyao Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jixian Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Arne Egesten
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, & Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Ise H, Araki Y, Song I, Akatsuka G. N-acetylglucosamine-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins elicit anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells. Glycobiology 2023; 33:17-37. [PMID: 36190502 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins are post-translationally modified with GlcNAc conjugated to serine and threonine residues. This modification is associated with various physiological functions such as serine and threonine phosphorylation and Notch signaling. Here, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells and GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking the multivalent GlcNAc moiety of these proteins induced anti-fibrotic activities, such as the suppression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen and the induction of matrix metalloprotease 1 in myofibroblasts. We have previously reported that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and GlcNAc-bearing polymers could interact with cell surface vimentin and desmin. In the current study, it was demonstrated that a multivalent GlcNAc moiety structure of these molecules activated PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK pathway and elicited these anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts by interacting with cell surface vimentin. Since the interaction of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins with desmin was observed in the fibrotic liver of carbon tetrachloride-treated mice via an in situ proximity ligation assay, it was assumed that the activated stellate cells could bind to the O-GlcNAc-modified proteins from the damaged hepatocytes. In addition, the administration of anti-O-GlcNAc antibody to inhibit the interaction exacerbated liver fibrosis in the mice. Moreover, administration of the GlcNAc-bearing polymers into carbon tetrachloride-treated mice could ameliorate liver fibrosis. Thus, O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells can interact with myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells and function as fibrosis suppressors. Moreover, we anticipate that GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins will be applied as novel therapeutic tools for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Ise
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yusaku Araki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Inu Song
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Gen Akatsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Hirose W, Horiuchi M, Li D, Motoike IN, Zhang L, Nishi H, Taniyama Y, Kamei T, Suzuki M, Kinoshita K, Katsuoka F, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M. Selective Elimination of NRF2-Activated Cells by Competition With Neighboring Cells in the Esophageal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:153-178. [PMID: 36115578 PMCID: PMC9672893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective gene expression in response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. NRF2 activity is mainly controlled by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). Constitutive NRF2 activation by NRF2 mutations or KEAP1 dysfunction results in a poor prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through the activation of cytoprotective functions. However, the detailed contributions of NRF2 to ESCC initiation or promotion have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the fate of NRF2-activated cells in the esophageal epithelium. METHODS We generated tamoxifen-inducible, squamous epithelium-specific Keap1 conditional knockout (Keap1-cKO) mice in which NRF2 was inducibly activated in a subset of cells at the adult stage. Histologic, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and carcinogen experiments were conducted to analyze the Keap1-cKO esophagus. RESULTS KEAP1-deleted/NRF2-activated cells and cells with normal NRF2 expression (KEAP1-normal cells) coexisted in the Keap1-cKO esophageal epithelium in approximately equal numbers, and NRF2-activated cells formed dysplastic lesions. NRF2-activated cells exhibited weaker attachment to the basement membrane and gradually disappeared from the epithelium. In contrast, neighboring KEAP1-normal cells exhibited accelerated proliferation and started dominating the epithelium but accumulated DNA damage that triggered carcinogenesis upon carcinogen exposure. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive NRF2 activation promotes the selective elimination of epithelial cells via cell competition, but this competition induces DNA damage in neighboring KEAP1-normal cells, which predisposes them to chemical-induced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hirose
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Horiuchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Donghan Li
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuko N. Motoike
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taniyama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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9
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Martín-Vicente P, López-Martínez C, Lopez-Alonso I, López-Aguilar J, Albaiceta GM, Amado-Rodríguez L. Molecular mechanisms of postintensive care syndrome. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:58. [PMID: 34859298 PMCID: PMC8639215 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martín-Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia López-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Lopez-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Josefina López-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. .,Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. .,Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
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10
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Blázquez-Prieto J, Huidobro C, López-Alonso I, Amado-Rodriguez L, Martín-Vicente P, López-Martínez C, Crespo I, Pantoja C, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Serrano M, Sznajder JI, Albaiceta GM. Activation of p21 limits acute lung injury and induces early senescence after acid aspiration and mechanical ventilation. Transl Res 2021; 233:104-116. [PMID: 33515780 PMCID: PMC7838583 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The p53/p21 pathway is activated in response to cell stress. However, its role in acute lung injury has not been elucidated. Acute lung injury is associated with disruption of the alveolo-capillary barrier leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support gas exchange in patients with ARDS, however, high positive airway pressures can cause regional overdistension of alveolar units and aggravate lung injury. Here, we report that acute lung injury and alveolar overstretching activate the p53/p21 pathway to maintain homeostasis and avoid massive cell apoptosis. A systematic pooling of transcriptomic data from animal models of lung injury demonstrates the enrichment of specific p53- and p21-dependent gene signatures and a validated senescence profile. In a clinically relevant, murine model of acid aspiration and mechanical ventilation, we observed changes in the nuclear envelope and the underlying chromatin, DNA damage and activation of the Tp53/p21 pathway. Absence of Cdkn1a decreased the senescent response, but worsened lung injury due to increased cell apoptosis. Conversely, treatment with lopinavir and/or ritonavir led to Cdkn1a overexpression and ameliorated cell apoptosis and lung injury. The activation of these mechanisms was associated with early markers of senescence, including expression of senescence-related genes and increases in senescence-associated heterochromatin foci in alveolar cells. Autopsy samples from lungs of patients with ARDS revealed increased senescence-associated heterochromatin foci. Collectively, these results suggest that acute lung injury activates p53/p21 as an antiapoptotic mechanism to ameliorate damage, but with the side effect of induction of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Covadonga Huidobro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Amado-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Martín-Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cecilia López-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain
| | - Irene Crespo
- Departamento de Biología Funcional. Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Pantoja
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC. Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC. Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA); Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional. Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo, Spain.
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11
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Harrison CB, Trevelin SC, Richards DA, Santos CX, Sawyer G, Markovinovic A, Zhang X, Zhang M, Brewer AC, Yin X, Mayr M, Shah AM. Fibroblast Nox2 (NADPH Oxidase-2) Regulates ANG II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Hypertension via Paracrine Signaling to Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:698-710. [PMID: 33054395 PMCID: PMC7837692 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superoxide-generating Nox2 (NADPH oxidase-2) is expressed in multiple cell types. Previous studies demonstrated distinct roles for cardiomyocyte, endothelial cell, and leukocyte cell Nox2 in ANG II (angiotensin II)-induced cardiovascular remodeling. However, the in vivo role of fibroblast Nox2 remains unclear. Approach and Results: We developed a novel mouse model with inducible fibroblast-specific deficiency of Nox2 (fibroblast-specific Nox2 knockout or Fibro-Nox2KO mice) and investigated the responses to chronic ANG II stimulation. Fibro-Nox2KO mice showed no differences in basal blood pressure or vessel wall morphology, but the hypertensive response to ANG II infusion (1.1 mg/[kg·day] for 14 days) was substantially reduced as compared to control Nox2-Flox littermates. This was accompanied by a significant attenuation of aortic and resistance vessel remodeling. The conditioned medium of ANG II-stimulated primary fibroblasts induced a significant increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, which was inhibited by the short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of fibroblast Nox2. Mass spectrometric analysis of the secretome of ANG II-treated primary fibroblasts identified GDF6 (growth differentiation factor 6) as a potential growth factor that may be involved in these effects. Recombinant GDF6 induced a concentration-dependent increase in vascular smooth muscle cell growth while chronic ANG II infusion in vivo significantly increased aortic GDF6 protein levels in control mice but not Fibro-Nox2KO animals. Finally, silencing GDF6 in fibroblasts prevented the induction of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by fibroblast-conditioned media in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fibroblast Nox2 plays a crucial role in the development of ANG II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension in vivo. Mechanistically, fibroblast Nox2 may regulate paracrine signaling to medial vascular smooth muscle cells via factors, such as GDF6.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Blood Pressure
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factor 6/metabolism
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/enzymology
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 2/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- Paracrine Communication
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. Harrison
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Celio X.C. Santos
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Greta Sawyer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, United Kingdom (A.M.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Min Zhang
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Alison C. Brewer
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (C.B.H., S.C.T., D.A.R., C.X.C.S., G.S., X.Z., M.Z., A.C.B., X.Y., M.M., A.M.S.)
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12
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Goldblatt ZE, Cirka HA, Billiar KL. Mechanical Regulation of Apoptosis in the Cardiovascular System. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:75-97. [PMID: 33169343 PMCID: PMC7775273 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly conserved physiological process of programmed cell death which is critical for proper organism development, tissue maintenance, and overall organism homeostasis. Proper regulation of cell removal is crucial, as both excessive and reduced apoptotic rates can lead to the onset of a variety of diseases. Apoptosis can be induced in cells in response to biochemical, electrical, and mechanical stimuli. Here, we review literature on specific mechanical stimuli that regulate apoptosis and the current understanding of how mechanotransduction plays a role in apoptotic signaling. We focus on how insufficient or excessive mechanical forces may induce apoptosis in the cardiovascular system and thus contribute to cardiovascular disease. Although studies have demonstrated that a broad range of mechanical stimuli initiate and/or potentiate apoptosis, they are predominantly correlative, and no mechanisms have been established. In this review, we attempt to establish a unifying mechanism for how various mechanical stimuli initiate a single cellular response, i.e. apoptosis. We hypothesize that the cytoskeleton plays a central role in this process as it does in determining myriad cell behaviors in response to mechanical inputs. We also describe potential approaches of using mechanomedicines to treat various diseases by altering apoptotic rates in specific cells. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the mechanobiology field and suggest potential avenues where future research can explore.
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13
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Jeong Y, Yao Y, Yim EKF. Current understanding of intimal hyperplasia and effect of compliance in synthetic small diameter vascular grafts. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4383-4395. [PMID: 32643723 PMCID: PMC7452756 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite much effort, synthetic small diameter vascular grafts still face limited success due to vascular wall thickening known as intimal hyperplasia (IH). Compliance mismatch between graft and native vessels has been proposed to be one of a key mechanical factors of synthetic vascular grafts that could contribute to the formation of IH. While many methods have been developed to determine compliance both in vivo and in vitro, the effects of compliance mismatch still remain uncertain. This review aims to explain the biomechanical factors that are responsible for the formation and development of IH and their relationship with compliance mismatch. Furthermore, this review will address the current methods used to measure compliance both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, current limitations in understanding the connection between the compliance of vascular grafts and the role it plays in the development and progression of IH will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeJin Jeong
- Department of Chemical engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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14
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Liu S, Li C. Biomechanical signal communication in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:357-376. [PMID: 32780323 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stresses are closely associated with cardiovascular development and diseases. In vivo, vascular smooth muscle cells are constantly stimulated by biomechanical factors caused by increased blood pressure leading to the non-specific activation of cell transmembrane proteins. Thus, various intracellular signal molecules are simultaneously activated via signaling cascades, which are closely related to alterations in the differentiation, phenotype, inflammation, migration, pyroptosis, calcification, proliferation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Meanwhile, mechanical stress-induced miRNAs and epigenetics modification on vascular smooth muscle cells play critical roles as well. Eventually, the overall pathophysiology of the cells is altered, resulting in the development of many major clinical diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, grafted venous atherosclerosis, and aneurysm, among others. In this paper, important advances in mechanical signal communication in vascular smooth muscle cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Cong X, Nagre N, Herrera J, Pearson AC, Pepper I, Morehouse R, Ji HL, Jiang D, Hubmayr RD, Zhao X. TRIM72 promotes alveolar epithelial cell membrane repair and ameliorates lung fibrosis. Respir Res 2020; 21:132. [PMID: 32471489 PMCID: PMC7257505 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic tissue injury was shown to induce progressive scarring in fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), while an array of repair/regeneration and stress responses come to equilibrium to determine the outcome of injury at the organ level. In the lung, type I alveolar epithelial (ATI) cells constitute the epithelial barrier, while type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells play a pivotal role in regenerating the injured distal lungs. It had been demonstrated that eukaryotic cells possess repair machinery that can quickly patch the damaged plasma membrane after injury, and our previous studies discovered the membrane-mending role of Tripartite motif containing 72 (TRIM72) that expresses in a limited number of tissues including the lung. Nevertheless, the role of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) repair in the pathogenesis of IPF has not been examined yet. Method In this study, we tested the specific roles of TRIM72 in the repair of ATII cells and the development of lung fibrosis. The role of membrane repair was accessed by saponin assay on isolated primary ATII cells and rat ATII cell line. The anti-fibrotic potential of TRIM72 was tested with bleomycin-treated transgenic mice. Results We showed that TRIM72 was upregulated following various injuries and in human IPF lungs. However, TRIM72 expression in ATII cells of the IPF lungs had aberrant subcellular localization. In vitro studies showed that TRIM72 repairs membrane injury of immortalized and primary ATIIs, leading to inhibition of stress-induced p53 activation and reduction in cell apoptosis. In vivo studies demonstrated that TRIM72 protects the integrity of the alveolar epithelial layer and reduces lung fibrosis. Conclusion Our results suggest that TRIM72 protects injured lungs and ameliorates fibrosis through promoting post-injury repair of AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
| | - Jeremy Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew C Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Ian Pepper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Robell Morehouse
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rolf D Hubmayr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. .,National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Seelbinder B, Scott AK, Nelson I, Schneider SE, Calahan K, Neu CP. TENSCell: Imaging of Stretch-Activated Cells Reveals Divergent Nuclear Behavior and Tension. Biophys J 2020; 118:2627-2640. [PMID: 32407683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of cellular and nuclear mechanosensation are unclear, partially because of a lack of methods that can reveal dynamic processes. Here, we present a new concept for a low-cost, three-dimensionally printed device that enables high-magnification imaging of cells during stretch. We observed that nuclei of mouse embryonic skin fibroblasts underwent rapid (within minutes) and divergent responses, characterized by nuclear area expansion during 5% strain but nuclear area shrinkage during 20% strain. Only responses to low strain were dependent on calcium signaling, whereas actin inhibition abrogated all nuclear responses and increased nuclear strain transfer and DNA damage. Imaging of actin dynamics during stretch revealed similar divergent trends, with F-actin shifting away from (5% strain) or toward (20% strain) the nuclear periphery. Our findings emphasize the importance of simultaneous stimulation and data acquisition to capture mechanosensitive responses and suggest that mechanical confinement of nuclei through actin may be a protective mechanism during high mechanical stretch or loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seelbinder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Adrienne K Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Isabel Nelson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kristin Calahan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
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17
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Bao H, Li H, Shi Q, Huang K, Chen X, Chen Y, Han Y, Xiao Q, Yao Q, Qi Y. Lamin A/C negatively regulated by miR-124-3p modulates apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells during cyclic stretch application in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13374. [PMID: 31495066 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) influenced by abnormal cyclic stretch is crucial for vascular remodelling during hypertension. Lamin A/C, a nuclear envelope protein, is mechano-responsive, but the role of lamin A/C in VSMC apoptosis is still unclear. METHODS FX-5000T Strain Unit provided cyclic stretch (CS) in vitro. AnnexinV/PI and cleaved Caspase 3 ELISA detected apoptosis. qPCR was used to investigate the expression of miR-124-3p and a luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the ability of miR-124-3p binding to the Lmna 3'UTR. Protein changes of lamin A/C and relevant molecules were detected using western blot. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Protein/DNA array detected the potential transcription factors. Renal hypertensive rats verified these changes. RESULTS High cyclic stretch (15%-CS) induced VSMC apoptosis and repressed lamin A/C expressions compared with normal (5%-CS) control. Downregulation of lamin A/C enhanced VSMC apoptosis. In addition, 15%-CS had no significant effect on mRNA expression of Lmna, and lamin A/C degradation was not induced by autophagy. 15%-CS elevated miR-124-3p bound to the 3'UTR of Lmna and negatively regulated protein expression of lamin A/C. Similar changes occurred in renal hypertensive rats compared with sham controls. Lamin A/C repression affected activity of TP53, CREB1, MYC, STAT1/5/6 and JUN, which may in turn affect apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that the decreased expression of lamin A/C upon abnormal cyclic stretch and hypertension may induce VSMC apoptosis. These mechano-responsive factors play important roles in VSMC apoptosis and might be novel therapeutic targets for vascular remodelling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Hai‐Peng Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Qian Shi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Xiao‐Hu Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yuan‐Xiu Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Qing‐Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Ying‐Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
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18
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Gilbert HTJ, Mallikarjun V, Dobre O, Jackson MR, Pedley R, Gilmore AP, Richardson SM, Swift J. Nuclear decoupling is part of a rapid protein-level cellular response to high-intensity mechanical loading. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4149. [PMID: 31515493 PMCID: PMC6742657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cellular mechano-signaling have often utilized static models that do not fully replicate the dynamics of living tissues. Here, we examine the time-dependent response of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to cyclic tensile strain (CTS). At low-intensity strain (1 h, 4% CTS at 1 Hz), cell characteristics mimic responses to increased substrate stiffness. As the strain regime is intensified (frequency increased to 5 Hz), we characterize rapid establishment of a broad, structured and reversible protein-level response, even as transcription is apparently downregulated. Protein abundance is quantified coincident with changes to protein conformation and post-translational modification (PTM). Furthermore, we characterize changes to the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex that bridges the nuclear envelope, and specifically to levels and PTMs of Sad1/UNC-84 (SUN) domain-containing protein 2 (SUN2). The result of this regulation is to decouple mechano-transmission between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, thus conferring protection to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish T J Gilbert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Venkatesh Mallikarjun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oana Dobre
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark R Jackson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Robert Pedley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew P Gilmore
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Bioink formulations to ameliorate bioprinting-induced loss of cellular viability. Biointerphases 2019; 14:051006. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Balint B, Yin H, Nong Z, Arpino JM, O'Neil C, Rogers SR, Randhawa VK, Fox SA, Chevalier J, Lee JJ, Chu MWA, Pickering JG. Seno-destructive smooth muscle cells in the ascending aorta of patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:54-66. [PMID: 31078518 PMCID: PMC6562112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ascending aortic aneurysms constitute an important hazard for individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). However, the processes that degrade the aortic wall in BAV disease remain poorly understood. Methods We undertook in situ analysis of ascending aortas from 68 patients, seeking potentially damaging cellular senescence cascades. Aortas were assessed for senescence-associated-ß-galactosidase activity, p16Ink4a and p21 expression, and double-strand DNA breaks. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of cultured-aged BAV aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was evaluated by transcript profiling and consequences probed by combined immunofluorescence and circular polarization microscopy. The contribution of p38 MAPK signaling was assessed by immunostaining and blocking strategies. Findings We uncovered SMCs at varying depths of cellular senescence within BAV- and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV)-associated aortic aneurysms. Senescent SMCs were also abundant in non-aneurysmal BAV aortas but not in non-aneurysmal TAV aortas. Multivariable analysis revealed that BAV disease independently associated with SMC senescence. Furthermre, SMC senescence was heightened at the convexity of aortas associated with right-left coronary cusp fusion. Aged BAV SMCs had a pronounced collagenolytic SASP. Moreover, senescent SMCs in the aortic wall were enriched with surface-localized MMP1 and surrounded by weakly birefringent collagen fibrils. The senescent-collagenolytic SMC phenotype depended on p38 MAPK signaling, which was chronically activated in BAV aortas. Interpretation We have identified a cellular senescence-collagen destruction axis in at-risk ascending aortas. This novel “seno-destructive” SMC phenotype could open new opportunities for managing BAV aortopathy. Fund Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario/Barnett-Ivey Chair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Balint
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zengxuan Nong
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John-Michael Arpino
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Caroline O'Neil
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Rogers
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Varinder K Randhawa
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Fox
- Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Chevalier
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jason J Lee
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - J Geoffrey Pickering
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Departments of Medicine (Cardiology), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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21
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miR-214 is Stretch-Sensitive in Aortic Valve and Inhibits Aortic Valve Calcification. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1106-1115. [PMID: 30671754 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
miR-214 has been recently found to be significantly downregulated in calcified human aortic valves (AVs). ER stress, especially the ATF4-mediated pathway, has also been shown to be significantly upregulated in calcific AV disease. Since elevated cyclic stretch is one of the major mechanical stimuli for AV calcification and ATF4 is a validated target of miR-214, we investigated the effect of cyclic stretch on miR-214 expression as well as those of ATF4 and two downstream genes (CHOP and BCL2L1). Porcine aortic valve (PAV) leaflets were cyclically stretched at 15% for 48 h in regular medium and for 1 week in osteogenic medium to simulate the early remodeling and late calcification stages of stretch-induced AV disease, respectively. For both stages, 10% cyclic stretch served as the physiological counterpart. RT-qPCR revealed that miR-214 expression was significantly downregulated during the late calcification stage, whereas the mRNA expression of ATF4 and BCL2L1 was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, during both early remodeling and late calcification stages. When PAV leaflets were statically transfected with miR-214 mimic in osteogenic medium for 2 weeks, calcification was significantly reduced compared to the control mimic case. This implies that miR-214 may have a protective role in stretch-induced calcific AV disease.
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22
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Vojinovic D, Kavousi M, Ghanbari M, Brouwer RWW, van Rooij JGJ, van den Hout MCGN, Kraaij R, van Ijcken WFJ, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Amin N. Whole-Genome Linkage Scan Combined With Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Candidate Genes for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Front Genet 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 30356672 PMCID: PMC6189289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an established heritable marker for subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, we aim to identify rare variants with large effects driving differences in cIMT by performing genome-wide linkage analysis of individuals in the extremes of cIMT trait distribution (>90th percentile) in a large family-based study from a genetically isolated population in the Netherlands. Linked regions were subsequently explored by fine-mapping using exome sequencing. We observed significant evidence of linkage on chromosomes 2p16.3 [rs1017418, heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) = 3.35], 19q13.43 (rs3499, HLOD = 9.09), 20p13 (rs1434789, HLOD = 4.10), and 21q22.12 (rs2834949, HLOD = 3.59). Fine-mapping using exome sequencing data identified a non-coding variant (rs62165235) in PNPT1 gene under the linkage peak at chromosome 2 that is likely to have a regulatory function. The variant was associated with quantitative cIMT in the family-based study population (effect = 0.27, p-value = 0.013). Furthermore, we identified several genes under the linkage peak at chromosome 21 highly expressed in tissues relevant for atherosclerosis. To conclude, our linkage analysis identified four genomic regions significantly linked to cIMT. Further analyses are needed to demonstrate involvement of identified candidate genes in development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vojinovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G J van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C G N van den Hout
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van Ijcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Abstract
Advancing age promotes cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and many developed nations. Two major age-related arterial phenotypes, large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction, are independent predictors of future CVD diagnosis and likely are responsible for the development of CVD in older adults. Not limited to traditional CVD, these age-related changes in the vasculature also contribute to other age-related diseases that influence mammalian health span and potential life span. This review explores mechanisms that influence age-related large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction at the tissue level via inflammation and oxidative stress and at the cellular level via Klotho and energy-sensing pathways (AMPK [AMP-activated protein kinase], SIRT [sirtuins], and mTOR [mammalian target of rapamycin]). We also discuss how long-term calorie restriction-a health span- and life span-extending intervention-can prevent many of these age-related vascular phenotypes through the prevention of deleterious alterations in these mechanisms. Lastly, we discuss emerging novel mechanisms of vascular aging, including senescence and genomic instability within cells of the vasculature. As the population of older adults steadily expands, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular dysfunction with age is critical to better direct appropriate and measured strategies that use pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CVD within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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24
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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25
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Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV, Myasoedova VA, Orekhov AN. Potential of anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:114-124. [PMID: 29378168 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a central pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis induction and progression. Vascular inflammation is associated with accelerated onset of late atherosclerosis complications. Atherosclerosis-related inflammation is mediated by a complex cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, bioactive lipids, and adhesion molecules, and blocking the key pro-atherogenic inflammatory mechanisms can be beneficial for treatment of atherosclerosis. Therapeutic agents that specifically target some of the atherosclerosis-related inflammatory mechanisms have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. The most promising anti-inflammatory compounds for treatment of atherosclerosis include non-specific anti-inflammatory drugs, phospholipase inhibitors, blockers of major inflammatory cytokines, leukotrienes, adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as CCL2-CCR2 axis or p38 MAPK pathway. Ongoing studies attempt evaluating therapeutic utility of these anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of atherosclerosis. The obtained results are important for our understanding of atherosclerosis-related inflammatory mechanisms and for designing randomized controlled studies assessing the effect of specific anti-inflammatory strategies on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Neurochemistry, Division of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, Moscow 109240, Russia
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.
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26
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Higgins SP, Tang Y, Higgins CE, Mian B, Zhang W, Czekay RP, Samarakoon R, Conti DJ, Higgins PJ. TGF-β1/p53 signaling in renal fibrogenesis. Cell Signal 2017; 43:1-10. [PMID: 29191563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic disorders of the renal, pulmonary, cardiac, and hepatic systems are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective therapies to prevent or curtail the advancement to organ failure, however, remain a major clinical challenge. Chronic kidney disease, in particular, constitutes an increasing medical burden affecting >15% of the US population. Regardless of etiology (diabetes, hypertension, ischemia, acute injury, urologic obstruction), persistently elevated TGF-β1 levels are causatively linked to the activation of profibrotic signaling networks and disease progression. TGF-β1 is the principal driver of renal fibrogenesis, a dynamic pathophysiologic process that involves tubular cell injury/apoptosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial fibroblast activation and excess extracellular matrix synthesis/deposition leading to impaired kidney function and, eventually, to chronic and end-stage disease. TGF-β1 activates the ALK5 type I receptor (which phosphorylates SMAD2/3) as well as non-canonical (e.g., src kinase, EGFR, JAK/STAT, p53) pathways that collectively drive the fibrotic genomic program. Such multiplexed signal integration has pathophysiological consequences. Indeed, TGF-β1 stimulates the activation and assembly of p53-SMAD3 complexes required for transcription of the renal fibrotic genes plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, connective tissue growth factor and TGF-β1. Tubular-specific ablation of p53 in mice or pifithrin-α-mediated inactivation of p53 prevents epithelial G2/M arrest, reduces the secretion of fibrotic effectors and attenuates the transition from acute to chronic renal injury, further supporting the involvement of p53 in disease progression. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of TGF-β1-initiated renal fibrogenesis and the role of p53 as a regulator of profibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Craig E Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Badar Mian
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Ralf-Peter Czekay
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - David J Conti
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; Division of Transplantation Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States; The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
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27
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Wu S, Lu Q, Wang N, Zhang J, Liu Q, Gao M, Chen J, Liu W, Xu L. Cyclic stretch induced-retinal pigment epithelial cell apoptosis and cytokine changes. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:208. [PMID: 29166888 PMCID: PMC5700533 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is complex. It has been shown that vitreomacular traction (VMT) plays a role in the pathogenesis of AMD. We speculate that the continuous stretch induced by VMT might impair the function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and it might also be involved in the progression of AMD. Methods Cultured ARPE-19 cells were subjected to cyclic stretch on the Flexcell Strain system at a level of 25% increment on the surface area for 8 h, 14 h, 20 h, 24 h. In another group, the stretch was withdrawn at 14 h and the cell cultured for another 6 h. Then, we observed the changes in morphology, apoptosis and expression of interleukin 6 (IL6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in RPE cells under stretch. Results We found that stretch induced the RPE cells to change from a spreading shape into a rounded shape, and that the morphological changes were positively correlated with the duration of the stretch. The expression of pFAK397 and pRac1/cdc42 were elevated in a time-dependent fashion. The stretch resulted in an increase in the apoptosis ratio, with Bcl2, Bax and p53 also showing time-dependent changes. In addition, up-regulation of IL6 and VEGF expression levels was also observed. After withdrawal of the stretch, all of these changes were significantly diminished. Conclusion Stretch may induce morphological, cell apoptosis, and up-regulation of cytokines changes in RPE cells, indicating that cyclic stretching may participate in the progression of AMD by impeding the functions of the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qingjun Lu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Eye Center; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China.
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28
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Nam HY, Balaji Raghavendran HR, Pingguan-Murphy B, Abbas AA, Merican AM, Kamarul T. Fate of tenogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow stromal cells by uniaxial stretching affected by stretch-activated calcium channel agonist gadolinium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178117. [PMID: 28654695 PMCID: PMC5487029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role for mechanical stimulation in the control of cell fate has been previously proposed, suggesting that there may be a role of mechanical conditioning in directing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) towards specific lineage for tissue engineering applications. Although previous studies have reported that calcium signalling is involved in regulating many cellular processes in many cell types, its role in managing cellular responses to tensile loading (mechanotransduction) of MSCs has not been fully elucidated. In order to establish this, we disrupted calcium signalling by blocking stretch-activated calcium channel (SACC) in human MSCs (hMSCs) in vitro. Passaged-2 hMSCs were exposed to cyclic tensile loading (1 Hz + 8% for 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours) in the presence of the SACC blocker, gadolinium. Analyses include image observations of immunochemistry and immunofluorescence staining from extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and measuring related tenogenic and apoptosis gene marker expression. Uniaxial tensile loading increased the expression of tenogenic markers and ECM production. However, exposure to strain in the presence of 20 μM gadolinium reduced the induction of almost all tenogenic markers and ECM staining, suggesting that SACC acts as a mechanosensor in strain-induced hMSC tenogenic differentiation process. Although cell death was observed in prolonged stretching, it did not appear to be apoptosis mediated. In conclusion, the knowledge gained in this study by elucidating the role of calcium in MSC mechanotransduction processes, and that in prolonged stretching results in non-apoptosis mediated cell death may be potential useful for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin Nam
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (HYN); (TK)
| | - Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina A. Abbas
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azhar M. Merican
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (HYN); (TK)
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29
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Xiong R, Zhang Z, Chai W, Chrisey DB, Huang Y. Study of gelatin as an effective energy absorbing layer for laser bioprinting. Biofabrication 2017; 9:024103. [PMID: 28597844 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa74f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced forward transfer printing, also commonly known as laser printing, has been widely implemented for three-dimensional bioprinting due to its unique orifice-free nature during printing. However, the printing quality has the potential to be further improved for various laser bioprinting applications. The objectives of this study are to investigate the feasibility of using gelatin as an energy absorbing layer (EAL) material for laser bioprinting and its effects on the quality of printed constructs, bioink printability, and post-printing cell viability and process-induced DNA damage. The gelatin EAL is applied between the quartz support and the coating of build material, which is to be printed. Printing quality can be improved by EAL-assisted laser printing when using various alginate solutions (1%, 2%, and 4%) and cell-laden bioinks (2% alginate and 5 × 106 cells ml-1 in cell culture medium). The required laser fluence is also reduced due to a higher absorption coefficient of gelatin gel, in particular when to achieve the best printing type/quality. The post-printing cell viability is improved by ∼10% and DNA double-strand breaks are reduced by ∼50%. For all the build materials investigated, the gelatin EAL helps reduce the droplet size and average jet velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitong Xiong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Chen S, Liu J, Liu L, Liu G, Wang F, Jiang W, Zhang C, Wang S, Yuan X. Caspase-12 is involved in stretch-induced apoptosis mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Apoptosis 2016; 21:432-42. [PMID: 26801321 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that mandibular growth, which is caused by a variety of functional appliances, is considered to be the result of both neuromuscular and skeletal adaptations. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that apoptosis plays an important role in the adaptation of skeletal muscle function. However, the underlying mechanism of apoptosis that is induced by stretch continues to be incompletely understood. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), a newly defined signaling pathway, initiates apoptosis. This study seeks to determine if caspase-12 is involved in stretch-induced apoptosis mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in myoblast and its underlying mechanism. Apoptosis was assessed by Hochest staining, DAPI staining and annexin V binding and PI staining. ER chaperones, such as GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12, were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Furthermore, caspase-12 inhibitor was used to value the mechanism of the caspase-12 pathway. Apoptosis of myoblast, which is subjected to cyclic stretch, was observed in a time-dependent manner. We found that GRP78 mRNA and protein were significantly increased and CHOP and caspase-12 were activated in myoblast that was exposed to cyclic stretch. Caspase-12 inhibition reduced stretch-induced apoptosis, and caspase-12 activated caspase-3 to induce apoptosis. We concluded that caspase-12 played an important role in stretch-induced apoptosis that is associated by endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulan Chen
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- People's of Weifang Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital in Qingdao Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Griendling KK, Touyz RM, Zweier JL, Dikalov S, Chilian W, Chen YR, Harrison DG, Bhatnagar A. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Reactive Nitrogen Species, and Redox-Dependent Signaling in the Cardiovascular System: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 119:e39-75. [PMID: 27418630 PMCID: PMC5446086 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are biological molecules that play important roles in cardiovascular physiology and contribute to disease initiation, progression, and severity. Because of their ephemeral nature and rapid reactivity, these species are difficult to measure directly with high accuracy and precision. In this statement, we review current methods for measuring these species and the secondary products they generate and suggest approaches for measuring redox status, oxidative stress, and the production of individual reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We discuss the strengths and limitations of different methods and the relative specificity and suitability of these methods for measuring the concentrations of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. We provide specific guidelines, through expert opinion, for choosing reliable and reproducible assays for different experimental and clinical situations. These guidelines are intended to help investigators and clinical researchers avoid experimental error and ensure high-quality measurements of these important biological species.
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Sustained activation of ADP/P2ry12 signaling induces SMC senescence contributing to thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:76-86. [PMID: 27534720 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) is characterized by excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammation. However, the mechanism whereby signaling leads to SMC loss is unclear. We used senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal staining and analysis of expression of senescence-related proteins (p53, p21, p19) to show that excessive mechanical stretch (20% elongation, 3600cycles/h, 48h) induced SMC senescence. SMC senescence was also detected in TAAD specimens from both mice and humans. High-performance liquid chromatography and luciferin-luciferase-based assay revealed that excessive mechanical stretch increased adenosine diphosphate (ADP) release from SMCs both in vivo and in vitro. Elevated ADP induced SMC senescence while genetic knockout of the ADP receptor, P2Y G protein-coupled receptor 12 (P2ry12), in mice protected against SMC senescence and inflammation. Both TAAD formation and rupture were significantly reduced in P2ry12-/- mice. SMCs from P2ry12-/- mice were resistant to senescence induced by excessive mechanical stretch or ADP treatment. Mechanistically, ADP treatment sustained Ras activation, whereas pharmacological inhibition of Ras protected against SMC senescence and reduced TAAD formation. Taken together, excessive mechanical stress may induce a sustained release of ADP and promote SMC senescence via P2ry12-dependent sustained Ras activation, thereby contributing to excessive inflammation and degeneration, which provides insights into TAAD formation and progression.
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McGregor AL, Hsia CR, Lammerding J. Squish and squeeze-the nucleus as a physical barrier during migration in confined environments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 40:32-40. [PMID: 26895141 PMCID: PMC4887392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
From embryonic development to cancer metastasis, cell migration plays a central role in health and disease. It is increasingly becoming apparent that cells migrating in three-dimensional (3-D) environments exhibit some striking differences compared with their well-established 2-D counterparts. One key finding is the significant role the nucleus plays during 3-D migration: when cells move in confined spaces, the cell body and nucleus must deform to squeeze through available spaces, and the deformability of the large and relatively rigid nucleus can become rate-limiting. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the role of nuclear mechanics in 3-D migration, including factors that govern nuclear deformability, and emerging mechanisms by which cells apply cytoskeletal forces to the nucleus to facilitate nuclear translocation. Intriguingly, the 'physical barrier' imposed by the nucleus also impacts cytoplasmic dynamics that affect cell migration and signaling, and changes in nuclear structure resulting from the mechanical forces acting on the nucleus during 3-D migration could further alter cellular function. These findings have broad relevance to the migration of both normal and cancerous cells inside living tissues, and motivate further research into the molecular details by which cells move their nuclei, as well as the consequences of the mechanical stress on the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lynn McGregor
- Nancy C. and Peter E. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy C. and Peter E. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Gao J, Fu S, Zeng Z, Li F, Niu Q, Jing D, Feng X. Cyclic stretch promotes osteogenesis-related gene expression in osteoblast-like cells through a cofilin-associated mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:218-24. [PMID: 27177232 PMCID: PMC4918615 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts have the capacity to perceive and transduce mechanical signals, and thus, regulate the mRNA and protein expression of a variety of genes associated with osteogenesis. Cytoskeletal reconstruction, as one of the earliest perception events for external mechanical stimulation, has previously been demonstrated to be essential for mechanotransduction in bone cells. However, the mechanism by which mechanical signals induce cytoskeletal deformation remains poorly understood. The actin‑binding protein, cofilin, promotes the depolymerization of actin and is understood to be important in the regulation of activities in various cell types, including endothelial, neuronal and muscle cells. However, to the best of our knowledge, the importance of cofilin in osteoblastic mechanotransduction has not been previously investigated. In the present study, osteoblast‑like MG‑63 cells were subjected to physiological cyclic stretch stimulation (12% elongation) for 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h, and the expression levels of cofilin and osteogenesis-associated genes were quantified with reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting analyses. Additionally, knockdown of cofilin using RNA interference was conducted, and the mRNA levels of osteogenesis‑associated genes were compared between osteoblast‑like cells in the presence and absence of cofilin gene knockdown. The results of the present study demonstrated that cyclic stretch stimulates the expression of genes associated with osteoblastic activities in MG‑63 cells, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and collagen‑1 (COL‑1). Cyclic stretch also regulates the mRNA and protein expression of cofilin in MG‑63 cells. Furthermore, stretch‑induced increases in the levels of osteogenesis-associated genes, including ALP, OCN, Runx2 and COL‑1, were reduced following cofilin gene knockdown. Together, these results demonstrate that cofilin is involved in the regulation of mechanical load‑induced osteogenesis and, to the best of our knowledge, provides the first evidence demonstrating the importance of cofilin in osteoblastic mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shanmin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobin Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110084, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qiannan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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35
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Warren KM, Mpagazehe JN, LeDuc PR, Higgs CF. Geometric effects in microfluidics on heterogeneous cell stress using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:593-598. [PMID: 26753780 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01482d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of individual cells at the micro-scale in cell mechanics is important in understanding how they are affected by changing environments. To control cell stresses, microfluidics can be implemented since there is tremendous control over the geometry of the devices. Designing microfluidic devices to induce and manipulate stress levels on biological cells can be aided by computational modeling approaches. Such approaches serve as an efficient precursor to fabricating various microfluidic geometries that induce predictable levels of stress on biological cells, based on their mechanical properties. Here, a three-dimensional, multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approach was implemented for soft biological materials. The computational model incorporates the physics of the particle dynamics, fluid dynamics and solid mechanics, which allows us to study how stresses affect the cells. By using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to treat the fluid domain as a continuum in the microfluidics, we are conducting studies of the cells' movement and the stresses applied to the cell. As a result of our studies, we were able to determine that a channel with periodically alternating columns of obstacles was capable of stressing cells at the highest rate, and that microfluidic systems can be engineered to impose heterogenous cell stresses through geometric configuring. We found that when using controlled geometries of the microfluidics channels with staggered obstructions, we could increase the maximum cell stress by nearly 200 times over cells flowing through microfluidic channels with no obstructions. Incorporating computational modeling in the design of microfluidic configurations for controllable cell stressing could help in the design of microfludic devices for stressing cells such as cell homogenizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Warren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - J N Mpagazehe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - P R LeDuc
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. and Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology, and Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - C F Higgs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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36
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Differential Mitochondrial Adaptation in Primary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from a Diabetic Rat Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8524267. [PMID: 27034743 PMCID: PMC4737048 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8524267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects more than 330 million people worldwide and causes elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Mitochondria are critical for vascular function, generate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and are perturbed by diabetes, representing a novel target for therapeutics. We hypothesized that adaptive mitochondrial plasticity in response to nutrient stress would be impaired in diabetes cellular physiology via a nitric oxide synthase- (NOS-) mediated decrease in mitochondrial function. Primary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from aorta of the nonobese, insulin resistant rat diabetes model Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and the Wistar control rat were exposed to high glucose (25 mM). At baseline, significantly greater nitric oxide evolution, ROS production, and respiratory control ratio (RCR) were observed in GK SMCs. Upon exposure to high glucose, expression of phosphorylated eNOS, uncoupled respiration, and expression of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, and V were significantly decreased in GK SMCs (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial superoxide increased with high glucose in Wistar SMCs (p < 0.05) with no change in the GK beyond elevated baseline concentrations. Baseline comparisons show persistent metabolic perturbations in a diabetes phenotype. Overall, nutrient stress in GK SMCs caused a persistent decline in eNOS and mitochondrial function and disrupted mitochondrial plasticity, illustrating eNOS and mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets.
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37
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Donato AJ, Morgan RG, Walker AE, Lesniewski LA. Cellular and molecular biology of aging endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:122-35. [PMID: 25655936 PMCID: PMC4522407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and aging is a major risk factor for CVD development. One of the major age-related arterial phenotypes thought to be responsible for the development of CVD in older adults is endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function is modulated by traditional CVD risk factors in young adults, but advancing age is independently associated with the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction results from a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability downstream of endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation that can be further modulated by traditional CVD risk factors in older adults. Greater endothelial oxidative stress with aging is a result of augmented production from the intracellular enzymes NADPH oxidase and uncoupled eNOS, as well as from mitochondrial respiration in the absence of appropriate increases in antioxidant defenses as regulated by relevant transcription factors, such as FOXO. Interestingly, it appears that NFkB, a critical inflammatory transcription factor, is sensitive to this age-related endothelial redox change and its activation induces transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can further suppress endothelial function, thus creating a vicious feed-forward cycle. This review will discuss the two macro-mechanistic processes, oxidative stress and inflammation, that contribute to endothelial dysfunction with advancing age as well as the cellular and molecular events that lead to the vicious cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress in the aged endothelium. Other potential mediators of this pro-inflammatory endothelial phenotype are increases in immune or senescent cells in the vasculature. Of note, genomic instability, telomere dysfunction or DNA damage has been shown to trigger cell senescence via the p53/p21 pathway and result in increased inflammatory signaling in arteries from older adults. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the emerging concepts of senescence and genomic instability as mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and inflammation in the aged endothelium. Lastly, energy sensitive/stress resistance pathways (SIRT-1, AMPK, mTOR) are altered in endothelial cells and/or arteries with aging and these pathways may modulate endothelial function via key oxidative stress and inflammation-related transcription factors. This review will also discuss what is known about the role of "energy sensing" longevity pathways in modulating endothelial function with advancing age. With the growing population of older adults, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction with age is critical to establishing appropriate and measured strategies to utilize pharmacological and lifestyle interventions aimed at alleviating CVD risk. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "SI: CV Aging".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - R Garrett Morgan
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashley E Walker
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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38
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Yokota T, Wang Y. p38 MAP kinases in the heart. Gene 2015; 575:369-376. [PMID: 26390817 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
p38 kinases are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) with established contribution to a wide range of signaling pathways and different biological processes. The prototypic p38 MAPK, p38α was originally identified as an essential signaling kinase for inflammatory cytokine production Extensive studies have now revealed that p38s have critical roles in many different tissues far beyond immune regulation and inflammatory responses. In this review, we will focus on the structure and molecular biology of p38s, and their specific roles in heart, especially regarding myocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and hypertrophic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yokota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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39
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Varela A, Piperi C, Sigala F, Agrogiannis G, Davos CH, Andri MA, Manopoulos C, Tsangaris S, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Elevated expression of mechanosensory polycystins in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques: association with p53 activation and disease severity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13461. [PMID: 26286632 PMCID: PMC4541068 DOI: 10.1038/srep13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque formation is associated with irregular distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) that modulates endothelial function and integrity. Polycystins (PC)-1/-2 constitute a flow-sensing protein complex in endothelial cells, able to respond to WSS and induce cell-proliferation changes leading to atherosclerosis. An endothelial cell-culture system of measurable WSS was established to detect alterations in PCs expression under conditions of low- and high-oscillatory shear stress in vitro. PCs expression and p53 activation as a regulator of cell proliferation were further evaluated in vivo and in 69 advanced human carotid atherosclerotic plaques (AAPs). Increased PC-1/PC-2 expression was observed at 30–60 min of low shear stress (LSS) in endothelial cells. Elevated PC-1 expression at LSS was followed by p53 potentiation. PCs immunoreactivity localizes in areas with macrophage infiltration and neovascularization. PC-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher than PC-2 in stable fibroatherotic (V) and unstable/complicated (VI) AAPs. Elevated PC-1 immunostaining was detected in AAPs from patients with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and carotid stenosis, at both arteries (50%) or in one artery (90%). PCs seem to participate in plaque formation and progression. Since PC-1 upregulation coincides with p38 and p53 activation, a potential interplay of these molecules in atherosclerosis induction is posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia Varela
- 1] Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece [2] Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- Vascular Surgery Division, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, 'Hippokrateion' General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology, 'Laikon' General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria-Anastasia Andri
- Laboratory of Biofluid Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Christos Manopoulos
- Laboratory of Biofluid Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Sokrates Tsangaris
- Laboratory of Biofluid Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
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40
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:33-50. [PMID: 25677529 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit phenotypic and functional plasticity in order to respond to vascular injury. In case of the vessel damage, VSMCs are able to switch from the quiescent 'contractile' phenotype to the 'proinflammatory' phenotype. This change is accompanied by decrease in expression of smooth muscle (SM)-specific markers responsible for SM contraction and production of proinflammatory mediators that modulate induction of proliferation and chemotaxis. Indeed, activated VSMCs could efficiently proliferate and migrate contributing to the vascular wall repair. However, in chronic inflammation that occurs in atherosclerosis, arterial VSMCs become aberrantly regulated and this leads to increased VSMC dedifferentiation and extracellular matrix formation in plaque areas. Proatherosclerotic switch in VSMC phenotype is a complex and multistep mechanism that may be induced by a variety of proinflammatory stimuli and hemodynamic alterations. Disturbances in hemodynamic forces could initiate the proinflammatory switch in VSMC phenotype even in pre-clinical stages of atherosclerosis. Proinflammatory signals play a crucial role in further dedifferentiation of VSMCs in affected vessels and propagation of pathological vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Chistiakov
- Research Center for Children's Health; Moscow Russia
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program; Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mount Sinai Medical Center; Miami Beach FL USA
| | - A. N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis; Skolkovo Innovative Center; Moscow Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Department of Biophysics; Biological Faculty; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Y. V. Bobryshev
- Institute for Atherosclerosis; Skolkovo Innovative Center; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Campbelltown NSW Australia
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41
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Kumar D, Tewari-Singh N, Agarwal C, Jain AK, Inturi S, Kant R, White CW, Agarwal R. Nitrogen mustard exposure of murine skin induces DNA damage, oxidative stress and activation of MAPK/Akt-AP1 pathway leading to induction of inflammatory and proteolytic mediators. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:161-71. [PMID: 25891025 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies in SKH-1 hairless mice have demonstrated that topical exposure to nitrogen mustard (NM), an analog of sulfur mustard (SM), triggers the inflammatory response, microvesication and apoptotic cell death. Here, we sought to identify the mechanism/s involved in these NM-induced injury responses. Results obtained show that NM exposure of SKH-1 hairless mouse skin caused H2A.X and p53 phosphorylation and increased p53 accumulation, indicating DNA damage. In addition, NM also induced the activation of MAPKs/ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 as well as that of Akt together with the activation of transcription factor AP1. Also, NM exposure induced robust expression of pro-inflammatory mediators namely cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, and increased the levels of proteolytic mediator matrix metalloproteinase 9. NM exposure of skin also increased lipid peroxidation, 5,5-dimethyl-2-(8-octanoic acid)-1-pyrroline N-oxide protein adduct formation, protein and DNA oxidation indicating an elevated oxidative stress. We also found NM-induced increase in the homologous recombinant repair pathway, suggesting its involvement in the repair of NM-induced DNA damage. Collectively, these results indicate that NM induces oxidative stress, mainly a bi-phasic response in DNA damage and activation of MAPK and Akt pathways, which activate transcription factor AP1 and induce the expression of inflammatory and proteolytic mediators, contributing to the skin injury response by NM. In conclusion, this study for the first time links NM-induced mechanistic changes with our earlier reported murine skin injury lesions with NM, which could be valuable to identify potential therapeutic targets and rescue agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | - Neera Tewari-Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | - Anil K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | - Swetha Inturi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | - Carl W White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA.
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Meng R, Song M, Pan J. Rho is involved in periodontal tissue remodelling with experimental tooth movement in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:923-31. [PMID: 25827752 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise in vivo the close relationship between the Rho signalling pathway and periodontal tissue remodelling in experimental tooth movement in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups. Closed-coil springs were used to create a 40-g mesial force to move the right upper first molars in anaesthetised rats. The untreated contralateral side served as a control. On days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after force application, paraffin wax-embedded sections of the dissected maxilla were prepared for immunohistochemistry to localise Rho kinase (ROCK), LIM kinase (LIMK), and its downstream effector (cofilin). The immunoreactivity of the molecules investigated in the periodontal ligament area was converted into grey-scale values. RESULTS The expression of Rho and its signalling were detected mainly in the disto-coronal areas of the root in the periodontal ligament area of the control and loaded teeth. In contrast, ROCK-, LIMK-, and cofilin-positive cells were rare in the mesio-coronal areas. In the experimental group, the expression of ROCK, LIMK, and cofilin on the tension side (disto-coronal areas) increased significantly on days 7, 10, and 14, compared with those of untreated control teeth. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Rho is involved in periodontal tissue remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement, modulating ROCK, LIMK, and cofilin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinsong Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Role of arterial telomere dysfunction in hypertension: relative contributions of telomere shortening and telomere uncapping. J Hypertens 2015; 32:1293-9. [PMID: 24686009 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere shortening in arteries could lead to telomere uncapping and cellular senescence, which in turn could promote the development of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess the novel role of arterial telomere dysfunction in hypertension, we compared mean telomere length (qPCR), telomere uncapping (serine 139 phosphorylated histone γ-H2A.X (γ-H2) localized to telomeres: ChIP), and tumor suppressor protein p53 (P53)/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)-induced senescence (P53 bound to P21 gene promoter: ChIP) in arteries from 55 age-matched hypertensive and nonhypertensive individuals. Arterial mean telomere length was not different in hypertensive patients compared with nonhypertensive individuals (P = 0.29). Arterial telomere uncapping and P53/P21-induced senescence were two-fold greater in hypertensive patients compared with nonhypertensive individuals (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Arterial mean telomere length was not associated with telomere uncapping or P53/P21-induced senescence (r = -0.02, P = 0.44 and r = 0.01, P = 0.50, respectively), but telomere uncapping was a highly influential covariate for the hypertension group difference in P53/P21-induced senescence (r = 0.62, P < 0.001, η(p)(2) = 0.35). Finally, telomere uncapping was a significant predictor of hypertension status (P = 0.03), whereas mean telomere length was not (P = 0.68). CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings demonstrate that arterial telomere uncapping and P53/P21-induced senescence are linked to hypertension independently of mean telomere length, and telomere uncapping influences hypertension status more than mean telomere length.
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Furusawa Y, Hassan MA, Zhao QL, Ogawa R, Tabuchi Y, Kondo T. Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on the nucleus and genomic DNA. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:2061-8. [PMID: 24657073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, data have been accumulating on the ability of ultrasound to affect at a distance inside the cell. Previous conceptions about therapeutic ultrasound were mainly based on compromising membrane permeability and triggering some biochemical reactions. However, it was shown that ultrasound can access deep to the nuclear territory resulting in enhanced macromolecular localization as well as alterations in gene and protein expression. Recently, we have reported on the occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks in different human cell lines exposed to ultrasound in vitro with some insight into the subsequent DNA damage response and repair pathways. The impact of these observed effects again sways between extremes. It could be advantageous if employed in gene therapy, wound and bone fracture-accelerated healing to promote cellular proliferation, or in cancer eradication if the DNA lesions would culminate in cell death. However, it could be a worrying sign if they were penultimate to further cellular adaptations to stresses and thus shaking the safety of ultrasound application in diagnosis and therapy. In this review, an overview of the rationale of therapeutic ultrasound and the salient knowledge on ultrasound-induced effects on the nucleus and genomic DNA will be presented. The implications of the findings will be discussed hopefully to provide guidance to future ultrasound research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mariame A Hassan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini str., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Qing-Li Zhao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ogawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Herzfeld E, Strauss C, Simmermacher S, Bork K, Horstkorte R, Dehghani F, Scheller C. Investigation of the neuroprotective impact of nimodipine on Neuro2a cells by means of a surgery-like stress model. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18453-65. [PMID: 25318050 PMCID: PMC4227225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nimodipine is well characterized for the management of SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage) and has been shown to promote a better outcome and less DIND (delayed ischemic neurological deficits). In rat experiments, enhanced axonal sprouting and higher survival of motoneurons was demonstrated after cutting or crushing the facial nerve by nimodipine. These results were confirmed in clinical trials following vestibular Schwannoma surgery. The mechanism of the protective competence of nimodipine is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we established an in vitro model to examine the survival of Neuro2a cells after different stress stimuli occurring during surgery with or without nimodipine. Nimodipine significantly decreased ethanol-induced cell death of cells up to approximately 9% in all tested concentrations. Heat-induced cell death was diminished by approximately 2.5% by nimodipine. Cell death induced by mechanical treatment was reduced up to 15% by nimodipine. Our findings indicate that nimodipine rescues Neuro2a cells faintly, but significantly, from ethanol-, heat- and mechanically-induced cell death to different extents in a dosage-dependent manner. This model seems suitable for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective signal pathways influenced by nimodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Herzfeld
- Department of Neurosurgery, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christian Strauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sebastian Simmermacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kaya Bork
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Große Steinstraße 52, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christian Scheller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Penzo M, Casoli L, Pollutri D, Sicuro L, Ceccarelli C, Santini D, Taffurelli M, Govoni M, Brina D, Trerè D, Montanaro L. JHDM1B expression regulates ribosome biogenesis and cancer cell growth in a p53 dependent manner. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E272-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Penzo
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Lucia Casoli
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Daniela Pollutri
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Laura Sicuro
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Claudio Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Donatella Santini
- Surgical Pathology Unit; S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital; Bologna Italy
| | - Mario Taffurelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Marzia Govoni
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Daniela Brina
- Laboratory of Molecular Histology and Cell Growth; Division of Oncology; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Davide Trerè
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna; Italy
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Zhu G, Fan Z, Ding M, Mu L, Liang J, Ding Y, Fu Y, Huang B, Wu W. DNA damage induces the accumulation of Tiam1 by blocking β-TrCP-dependent degradation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15482-94. [PMID: 24737324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rac1/JNK cascade plays important roles in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. However, how this cascade is activated upon DNA damage remains to be fully understood. We show here that, in untreated cells, Tiam1, a Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 (CK1) at its C terminus, leading to Skp, Cullin, F-box-containing(β-TrCP) recognition, ubiquitination, and proteasome-mediated degradation. Upon DNA-damaging anticancer drug treatment, CK1/β-TrCP-mediated Tiam1 degradation is abolished, and the accumulated Tiam1 contributes to downstream activation of Rac1/JNK. Consistently, tumor cells overexpressing Tiam1 are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging drug treatment. In xenograft mice, Tiam1-high cells are more susceptible to doxorubicin treatment. Thus, our results uncover that inhibition of proteasome-mediated Tiam1 degradation is an upstream event leading to Rac1/JNK activation and cell apoptosis in response to DNA-damaging drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China, and
| | - Zhongyun Fan
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miao Ding
- the School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Libing Mu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Liang
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yajie Ding
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Fu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Binlu Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Wu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,
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Pan J, Wang T, Wang L, Chen W, Song M. Cyclic strain-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement of human periodontal ligament cells via the Rho signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91580. [PMID: 24619024 PMCID: PMC3950223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although mechanical stimulations are known have a significant impact on cytoskeletal rearrangement, little is known regarding the behavioral alteration of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under cyclic strain. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the Rho signaling pathway on cyclic strain-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement of hPDLCs. Methods Healthy hPDLCs obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were subjected to cyclic strain with physiological loading (10%) at a frequency of 0.1 Hz for 6 h or 24 h using a FX-5000T system. Changes in cell morphology were examined by phase-contrast microscopy, while F-actin reorganization was observed by phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy. Protein expression was analyzed through western blot analysis. Results Significant enhancement of cytoskeletal reorganization was observed following exposure to the cyclic strain. In addition, a significant increase was noted in the expression levels of GTP-Rho, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and p-cofilin, whereas the expression levels of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors alpha (Rho-GDIa) were reduced in the hPDLCs, compared with the static control cells. More importantly, the Rock inhibitor Y-27632 suppressed cyclic strain-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement of hPDLCs. Additionally, Y-27632 and overexpression of Rho-GDIa were found to lower p-cofilin protein expressions under cyclic strain, while Rho-GDIa siRNA transfection had the opposite effect on the hPDLCs. Conclusion Cyclic strain promotes cytoskeletal rearrangement of hPDLCs by downregulating the expression levels of Rho-GDIa and upregulating the expression levels of GTP-Rho, Rock and p-cofilin. These observations may provide valuable insight into understanding orthodontic tooth movement as well as alveolar bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingle Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WC); (MS)
| | - Meng Song
- Department of Stomatology, First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WC); (MS)
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Harada T, Swift J, Irianto J, Shin JW, Spinler KR, Athirasala A, Diegmiller R, Dingal PCDP, Ivanovska IL, Discher DE. Nuclear lamin stiffness is a barrier to 3D migration, but softness can limit survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:669-82. [PMID: 24567359 PMCID: PMC3941057 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201308029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lamins impede 3D migration but also promote survival against migration-induced stresses. Cell migration through solid tissue often involves large contortions of the nucleus, but biological significance is largely unclear. The nucleoskeletal protein lamin-A varies both within and between cell types and was shown here to contribute to cell sorting and survival in migration through constraining micropores. Lamin-A proved rate-limiting in 3D migration of diverse human cells that ranged from glioma and adenocarcinoma lines to primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Stoichiometry of A- to B-type lamins established an activation barrier, with high lamin-A:B producing extruded nuclear shapes after migration. Because the juxtaposed A and B polymer assemblies respectively conferred viscous and elastic stiffness to the nucleus, subpopulations with different A:B levels sorted in 3D migration. However, net migration was also biphasic in lamin-A, as wild-type lamin-A levels protected against stress-induced death, whereas deep knockdown caused broad defects in stress resistance. In vivo xenografts proved consistent with A:B-based cell sorting, and intermediate A:B-enhanced tumor growth. Lamins thus impede 3D migration but also promote survival against migration-induced stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Harada
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab and 2 Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Rukoyatkina N, Mindukshev I, Walter U, Gambaryan S. Dual role of the p38 MAPK/cPLA2 pathway in the regulation of platelet apoptosis induced by ABT-737 and strong platelet agonists. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e931. [PMID: 24263105 PMCID: PMC3847335 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
p38 Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is involved in the apoptosis of nucleated cells. Although platelets are anucleated cells, apoptotic proteins have been shown to regulate platelet lifespan. However, the involvement of p38 MAP kinase in platelet apoptosis is not yet clearly defined. Therefore, we investigated the role of p38 MAP kinase in apoptosis induced by a mimetic of BH3-only proteins, ABT-737, and in apoptosis-like events induced by such strong platelet agonists as thrombin in combination with convulxin (Thr/Cvx), both of which result in p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and activation. A p38 inhibitor (SB202190) inhibited the apoptotic events induced by ABT-737 but did not influence those induced by Thr/Cvx. The inhibitor also reduced the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), an established p38 substrate, induced by ABT-737 or Thr/Cvx. ABT-737, but not Thr/Cvx, induced the caspase 3-dependent cleavage and inactivation of cPLA2. Thus, p38 MAPK promotes ABT-737-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the cPLA2/arachidonate pathway. We also show that arachidonic acid (AA) itself and in combination with Thr/Cvx or ABT-737 at low concentrations prevented apoptotic events, whereas at high concentrations it enhanced such events. Our data support the hypothesis that the p38 MAPK-triggered arachidonate pathway serves as a defense mechanism against apoptosis under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rukoyatkina
- 1] Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg D-97080, Germany [2] Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg 194223, Russia
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