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Ullah MF, Ahmad A, Bhat SH, Abuduhier FM, Mustafa SK, Usmani S. Diet-derived small molecules (nutraceuticals) inhibit cellular proliferation by interfering with key oncogenic pathways: an overview of experimental evidence in cancer chemoprevention. Biol Futur 2022; 73:55-69. [PMID: 35040098 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Discouraging statistics of cancer disease has projected an increase in the global cancer burden from 19.3 to 28.4 million incidences annually within the next two decades. Currently, there has been a revival of interest in nutraceuticals with evidence of pharmacological properties against human diseases including cancer. Diet is an integral part of lifestyle, and it has been proposed that an estimated one-third of human cancers can be prevented through appropriate lifestyle modification including dietary habits; hence, it is considered significant to explore the pharmacological benefits of these agents, which are easily accessible and have higher safety index. Accordingly, an impressive embodiment of evidence supports the concept that the dietary factors are critical modulators to prevent, retard, block, or reverse carcinogenesis. Such an action reflects the ability of these molecules to interfere with multitude of pathways to subdue and neutralize several oncogenic factors and thereby keep a restraint on neoplastic transformations. This review provides a series of experimental evidence based on the current literature to highlight the translational potential of nutraceuticals for the prevention of the disease through consumption of enriched diets and its efficacious management by means of novel interventions. Specifically, this review provides the current understanding of the chemopreventive pharmacology of nutraceuticals such as cucurbitacins, morin, fisetin, curcumin, luteolin and garcinol toward their potential as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fahad Ullah
- Prince Fahd Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Showket H Bhat
- Prince Fahd Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Vocational Studies, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Faisel M Abuduhier
- Prince Fahd Research Chair, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Khalid Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Usmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia associates with endothelial dysfunction of the placental microvasculature. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7690. [PMID: 29769708 PMCID: PMC5955926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal physiological or supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MPH, MSPH) occurs during pregnancy. MSPH is associated with foetal endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the potential effects of MSPH on placental microvasculature are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether MSPH alters endothelial function in the placental microvasculature both ex vivo in venules and arterioles from the placental villi and in vitro in primary cultures of placental microvascular endothelial cells (hPMEC). Total cholesterol < 280 mg/dL indicated MPH, and total cholesterol ≥280 mg/dL indicated MSPH. The maximal relaxation to histamine, calcitonin gene-related peptide and adenosine was reduced in MSPH venule and arteriole rings. In hPMEC from MSPH placentas, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and L-arginine transport were reduced without changes in arginase activity or the protein levels of endothelial NOS (eNOS), human cationic amino acid 1 (hCAT-1), hCAT-2A/B or arginase II compared with hPMEC from MPH placentas. In addition, it was shown that adenosine acts as a vasodilator of the placental microvasculature and that NOS is active in hPMEC. We conclude that MSPH alters placental microvascular endothelial function via a NOS/L-arginine imbalance. This work also reinforces the concept that placental endothelial cells from the macro- and microvasculature respond differentially to the same pathological condition.
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Huang X, Anderle P, Hostettler L, Baumann MU, Surbek DV, Ontsouka EC, Albrecht C. Identification of placental nutrient transporters associated with intrauterine growth restriction and pre-eclampsia. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:173. [PMID: 29499643 PMCID: PMC5833046 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational disorders such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia (PE) are main causes of poor perinatal outcomes worldwide. Both diseases are related with impaired materno-fetal nutrient transfer, but the crucial transport mechanisms underlying IUGR and PE are not fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to identify membrane transporters highly associated with transplacental nutrient deficiencies in IUGR/PE. Results In silico analyses on the identification of differentially expressed nutrient transporters were conducted using seven eligible microarray datasets (from Gene Expression Omnibus), encompassing control and IUGR/PE placental samples. Thereby 46 out of 434 genes were identified as potentially interesting targets. They are involved in the fetal provision with amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and microelements. Targets of interest were clustered into a substrate-specific interaction network by using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The subsequent wet-lab validation was performed using quantitative RT-PCR on placentas from clinically well-characterized IUGR/PE patients (IUGR, n = 8; PE, n = 5; PE+IUGR, n = 10) and controls (term, n = 13; preterm, n = 7), followed by 2D-hierarchical heatmap generation. Statistical evaluation using Kruskal-Wallis tests was then applied to detect significantly different expression patterns, while scatter plot analysis indicated which transporters were predominantly influenced by IUGR or PE, or equally affected by both diseases. Identified by both methods, three overlapping targets, SLC7A7, SLC38A5 (amino acid transporters), and ABCA1 (cholesterol transporter), were further investigated at the protein level by western blotting. Protein analyses in total placental tissue lysates and membrane fractions isolated from disease and control placentas indicated an altered functional activity of those three nutrient transporters in IUGR/PE. Conclusions Combining bioinformatic analysis, molecular biological experiments and mathematical diagramming, this study has demonstrated systematic alterations of nutrient transporter expressions in IUGR/PE. Among 46 initially targeted transporters, three significantly regulated genes were further investigated based on the severity and the disease specificity for IUGR and PE. Confirmed by mRNA and protein expression, the amino acid transporters SLC7A7 and SLC38A5 showed marked differences between controls and IUGR/PE and were regulated by both diseases. In contrast, ABCA1 may play an exclusive role in the development of PE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4518-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Anderle
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and HSeT Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Sitem-insel AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lu Hostettler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc U Baumann
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel V Surbek
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edgar C Ontsouka
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Yang G, Chu PL, Rump LC, Le TH, Stegbauer J. ACE2 and the Homolog Collectrin in the Modulation of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress in Blood Pressure Homeostasis and Vascular Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:645-659. [PMID: 27889958 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hypertension is the leading risk factor causing mortality and morbidity worldwide. Angiotensin (Ang) II, the most active metabolite of the renin-angiotensin system, plays an outstanding role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular injury. Activation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has shown to attenuate devastating effects of Ang II in the cardiovascular system by reducing Ang II degradation and increasing Ang-(1-7) generation leading to Mas receptor activation. Recent Advances: Activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis reduces hypertension and improves vascular injury mainly through an increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and decreased reactive oxygen species production. Recent studies reported that shedding of the enzymatically active ectodomain of ACE2 from the cell surface seems to regulate its activity and serves as an interorgan communicator in cardiovascular disease. In addition, collectrin, an ACE2 homolog with no catalytic activity, regulates blood pressure through an NO-dependent mechanism. CRITICAL ISSUES Large body of experimental data confirmed sustained beneficial effects of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis activation on hypertension and vascular injury. Experimental studies also suggest that activation of collectrin might be beneficial in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Their role in clinical hypertension is unclear as selective and reliable activators of both axes are not yet available. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review will highlight the results of recent research progress that illustrate the role of both ACE and collectrin in the modulation of NO and oxidative stress in blood pressure homeostasis and vascular injury, providing evidence for the potential therapeutic application of ACE2 and collectrin in hypertension and vascular disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 645-659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pei-Lun Chu
- 2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lars C Rump
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thu H Le
- 2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Collectrin (Tmem27) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in the kidney and vascular endothelium. It is a homologue of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) but harbors no catalytic domain. In the extravascular tissues of the kidney, collectrin is localized to the proximal tubule and collecting duct. Collectrin-deficient mice are featured with hypertension and exaggerated salt sensitivity. These phenotypes are associated with impaired uptake of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine and the expression of its amino acid transporters, CAT-1 and y(+)LAT1, in endothelial cells. In addition, collectrin-deficient mice display decreased dimerization of nitric oxide synthase and decreased nitric oxide synthesis, but enhanced superoxide generation, suggesting that deletion of collectrin leads to a state of nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. These findings suggest that collectrin plays a protective role against hypertension. The collectrin knockout mouse represents a unique model for hypertension research. Furthermore, collectrin may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension.
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Wang X, Burghardt RC, Romero JJ, Hansen TR, Wu G, Bazer FW. Functional roles of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. III. Arginine stimulates proliferation and interferon tau production by ovine trophectoderm cells via nitric oxide and polyamine-TSC2-MTOR signaling pathways. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:75. [PMID: 25653279 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammal species, arginine is a multifunctional amino acid required for survival, growth, and development of conceptuses (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. However, functional roles of arginine with respect to it being a substrate for production of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines on trophectoderm cell proliferation and function remain largely unknown. To systematically assess roles of arginine in conceptus development and its effect on interferon tau (IFNT) production for pregnancy recognition signaling in ruminants, an established ovine trophectoderm (oTr1) cell line isolated from Day-15 ovine conceptuses were used to determine their response to arginine, putrescine, and NO donors, as well as their associated inhibitors. Arginine at physiological concentration (0.2 mM) stimulated maximum oTr cell proliferation (increased 2.0-fold at 48 h and 2.6-fold at 96 h; P < 0.05), stimulated IFNT production (IFNT/cell increased 3.1-fold; P < 0.05), and increased total protein per cell by more than 1.5-fold (P < 0.05). It also increased phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis protein (p-TSC2) and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) abundance by more than 2.7- and 4.3-fold (P < 0.0001) after long-term incubation, respectively. When Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor), DL-α-difluoromethylornithine hydrochloride hydrate (DFMO; ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor), and the combination (L-NAME + DFMO) were added, the effects of arginine on cell proliferation was reduced by 10.7%, 16.1%, and 22.3% (P < 0.05) at 48 h, and 15.3%, 27.2%, and 39.1% (P < 0.05) at 96 h of incubation, respectively, but values remained 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) than for the arginine-free control, which suggests that arginine, per se, serves as a growth factor. Both putrescine and NO stimulate cell proliferation via activation of the TSC2-MTOR signaling cascade, whereas only putrescine increased IFNT production. Collectively, our results indicate that arginine is essential for oTr1 cell proliferation and IFNT production via the NO/polyamine-TSC2-MTOR signaling pathways, particularly the pathway involving polyamine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jared J Romero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Thomas R Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Wang X, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Wu G, Bazer FW. Uterine histotroph and conceptus development. I. cooperative effects of arginine and secreted phosphoprotein 1 on proliferation of ovine trophectoderm cells via activation of the PDK1-Akt/PKB-TSC2-MTORC1 signaling cascade. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:51. [PMID: 25550342 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest limitation to reproductive performance in most mammals, including humans, is embryonic mortality, which, in general, claims 20%-40% of the embryos during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Both arginine and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) are multifunctional molecules that increase significantly in ovine uterine histotroph during early pregnancy. However, little is known about the relationship and underlying mechanisms for synergistic effects of arginine and SPP1, if any, on conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) development. Therefore, we conducted in vitro experiments using our established ovine trophectoderm cell line (oTr1) isolated from Day 15 ovine conceptuses to determine their proliferative response to individual and synergistic effects of arginine and recombinant SPP1 (rSPP1) that contains an RGD binding sequence. At physiological concentrations, arginine (0.2 mM) stimulated oTr1 cell proliferation 1.7-fold (P < 0.05) at 48 h, whereas rSPP1 (10 ng/ml) had no such effect. However, an additive effect on oTr1 cell proliferation was induced by combination of arginine and SPP1 as compared to the control (2.1-fold increase; P < 0.01), arginine alone (1.3-fold increase; P < 0.05), and rSPP1 alone (1.5-fold increase; P < 0.01). This additive effect was mediated through cooperative activation of the PDK1-Akt/PKB-TSC2-MTORC1 cell signaling cascade. Collectively, results suggest that arginine and SPP1 in histotroph act cooperatively to enhance survival, growth, and development of ovine conceptuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Greg A Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Wang X, Frank JW, Xu J, Dunlap KA, Satterfield MC, Burghardt RC, Romero JJ, Hansen TR, Wu G, Bazer FW. Functional role of arginine during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. II. Consequences of loss of function of nitric oxide synthase NOS3 mRNA in ovine conceptus trophectoderm. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:59. [PMID: 25061098 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that regulates angiogenesis and vasodilation via activation of the cGMP pathway. However, functional roles of NO during embryonic development from spherical blastocysts to elongated filamentous conceptuses (embryo and extraembryonic membrane) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy have not been elucidated in vivo. In order to assess roles of NO production in survival and development of the ovine conceptus, we conducted an in vivo morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MAO)-mediated knockdown trial of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) mRNA, the major isoform of NO synthase, in ovine conceptus trophectoderm (Tr). Translational knockdown of NOS3 mRNA results in small, thin, and underdeveloped conceptuses, but normal production of interferon-tau, the pregnancy recognition signal in sheep. MAO-NOS3 knockdown in conceptuses decreased the abundance of NOS3 (72%, P < 0.05) and the arginine transporter SLC7A1 proteins in conceptus Tr. Furthermore, the amounts of ornithine and polyamines were less (P < 0.01) in uterine fluid, whereas the amounts of arginine (58%, P < 0.01), citrulline (68%, P < 0.05), ornithine (68%, P < 0.001), glutamine (78%, P < 0.001), glutamate (68%, P < 0.05), and polyamines (P < 0.01) were less in conceptuses, which likely accounts for the failure of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses to develop normally. For MAO-NOS3 conceptuses, there were no compensatory increases in the expression levels of either nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) or nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) or in expression of enzymes for synthesis of polyamines (ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, agmatinase) from arginine or ornithine with which to rescue development of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses. Thus, the adverse effect of MAO-NOS3 to reduce NO generation and the transport of arginine and ornithine into conceptuses is central to an explanation for failure of normal development of MAO-NOS3, compared to control conceptuses. The study, for the first time, created an NO-deficient mammalian conceptus model in vivo and provided new insights into the orchestrated events of conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Our data suggest that NOS3 is the key enzyme for NO production by conceptus Tr and that this protein also regulates the availability of arginine in conceptus tissues for synthesis of polyamines that are essential for conceptus survival and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James W Frank
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kathrin A Dunlap
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jared J Romero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Thomas R Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Aiko Y, Askew DJ, Aramaki S, Myoga M, Tomonaga C, Hachisuga T, Suga R, Kawamoto T, Tsuji M, Shibata E. Differential levels of amino acid transporters System L and ASCT2, and the mTOR protein in placenta of preeclampsia and IUGR. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14:181. [PMID: 24886642 PMCID: PMC4060848 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient amino acid transport activity (AAT) is indispensable for appropriate fetal growth. Studies suggest that placental nutrient uptake activity is responsive to both maternal and fetal nutrient demands. We hypothesize that under conditions of limited nutrient availability to the fetus, as often present in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and insufficient weight-gain during pregnancy, a general adaptive response aimed to increase amino acid transport activity may be observed in the placenta. Method A total of 40 placentas from full-term (n = 10) and pre-term (average gestational period = 34.8 weeks, n = 10) normal pregnancies, IUGR (n = 10), and preeclampsia (n = 10) associated pregnancies were looked at by immunohistochemistry followed by relative qualitative scoring to compare expression levels and localization of System L, ASCT2, and mTOR proteins. Result Microvillous syncytiotrophoblast (ST) in placenta of pregnancies complicated by IUGR or preeclampsia (PE) showed significant increases in the levels of System L amino acid transport proteins 4F2hc and LAT1 compared to both full-term control and pre-term (early gestation control) pregnancies seperately (p < 0.05). Elevated mTOR protein was uniquely higher in IUGR placentas compared to full-term controls (P = 0.0026). Total cellular ASCT2 transporter protein levels were similar in all groups, however, levels of ASCT2 protein localized to the ST microvillous membrane (MVM) were significantly lower in IUGR compared to both full-term and pre-term pregnancies (P = 0.0006, 0.03, respectively). Additionally, ASCT2 and mTOR protein levels were positively associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (P = 0.046, 0.048, respectively). Conclusion There are three important findings based upon the present study. First, in conditions of limited nutrient availability, such as PE or IUGR, there is an overall increase in the level of System L and mTOR protein expression in the ST, suggestive of an adaptive response. Second, a decrease in ASCT2 protein at the ST MVM suggests a post-translational event that may decrease AAT activity in IUGR placentas. Third, a physiological link between transporter expression and pre-pregnancy BMI is suggested based upon a positive association observed with ASCT2 and mTOR expression values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eiji Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Alfaidy N, Hoffmann P, Boufettal H, Samouh N, Aboussaouira T, Benharouga M, Feige JJ, Brouillet S. The multiple roles of EG-VEGF/PROK1 in normal and pathological placental angiogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:451906. [PMID: 24955357 PMCID: PMC4052057 DOI: 10.1155/2014/451906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Placentation is associated with several steps of vascular adaptations throughout pregnancy. These vascular changes occur both on the maternal and fetal sides, consisting of maternal uterine spiral arteries remodeling and placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively. Placental angiogenesis is a pivotal process for efficient fetomaternal exchanges and placental development. This process is finely controlled throughout pregnancy, and it involves ubiquitous and pregnancy-specific angiogenic factors. In the last decade, endocrine gland derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF), also called prokineticin 1 (PROK1), has emerged as specific placental angiogenic factor that controls many aspects of normal and pathological placental angiogenesis such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preeclampsia (PE). This review recapitulates EG-VEGF mediated-angiogenesis within the placenta and at the fetomaternal interface and proposes that its deregulation might contribute to the pathogenesis of several placental diseases including FGR and PE. More importantly this paper argues for EG-VEGF clinical relevance as a potential biomarker of the onset of pregnancy pathologies and discusses its potential usefulness for future therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alfaidy
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-iRTSV, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1036 (INSERM U1036), Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Laboratoire BCI-iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascale Hoffmann
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-iRTSV, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1036 (INSERM U1036), Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Laboratoire BCI-iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Couple Enfant, Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre d'Aide Médicale à la Procréation, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Houssine Boufettal
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique “C”, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Ain Chok, 1 rue des Hôpitaux-ex Banaflous, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Plateau Commun de Recherche, Unité de Culture Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Tarek Bnou Ziad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Samouh
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique “C”, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Ain Chok, 1 rue des Hôpitaux-ex Banaflous, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Touria Aboussaouira
- Plateau Commun de Recherche, Unité de Culture Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Tarek Bnou Ziad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-iRTSV, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5249, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Feige
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-iRTSV, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1036 (INSERM U1036), Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Laboratoire BCI-iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Brouillet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-iRTSV, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1036 (INSERM U1036), Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Laboratoire BCI-iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Couple Enfant, Département de Génétique et Procréation, Centre d'Aide Médicale à la Procréation, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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11
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Wang X, Frank JW, Little DR, Dunlap KA, Satterfield MC, Burghardt RC, Hansen TR, Wu G, Bazer FW. Functional role of arginine during the peri‐implantation period of pregnancy. I. Consequences of loss of function of arginine transporter
SLC7A1
mRNA in ovine conceptus trophectoderm. FASEB J 2014; 28:2852-63. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-248757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and GenomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - James W. Frank
- Department of Veterinary Integrative BiosciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | - Kathrin A. Dunlap
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Thomas R. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and GenomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and GenomicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
- Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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12
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Arroyo P, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Leiva A, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Role of Insulin and Adenosine in the Human Placenta Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Microcirculation 2014; 21:26-37. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Biomedical Department; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad de Antofagasta; Antofagasta Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research; Herston Queensland Australia
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13
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Roles of changes in active glutamine transport in brain edema development during hepatic encephalopathy: an emerging concept. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:599-604. [PMID: 24072671 PMCID: PMC3926979 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive glutamine (Gln) synthesis in ammonia-overloaded astrocytes contributes to astrocytic swelling and brain edema, the major complication of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Much of the newly formed Gln is believed to enter mitochondria, where it is recycled to ammonia, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction (a “Trojan horse” mode of action). A portion of Gln may increase osmotic pressure in astrocytes and the interstitial space, directly and independently contributing to brain tissue swelling. Here we discuss the possibility that altered functioning of Gln transport proteins located in the cellular or mitochondrial membranes, modulates the effects of increased Gln synthesis. Accumulation of excess Gln in mitochondria involves a carrier-mediated transport which is activated by ammonia. Studies on the expression of the cell membrane N-system transporters SN1 (SNAT3) and SN2 (SNAT5), which mediate Gln efflux from astrocytes rendered HE model-dependent effects. HE lowered the expression of SN1 at the RNA and protein level in the cerebral cortex (cc) in the thioacetamide (TAA) model of HE and the effect paralleled induction of cerebral cortical edema. Neither SN1 nor SN2 expression was affected by simple hyperammonemia, which produces no cc edema. TAA-induced HE is also associated with decreased expression of mRNA coding for the system A carriers SAT1 and SAT2, which stimulate Gln influx to neurons. Taken together, changes in the expression of Gln transporters during HE appear to favor retention of Gln in astrocytes and/or the interstitial space of the brain. HE may also affect arginine (Arg)/Gln exchange across the astrocytic cell membrane due to changes in the expression of the hybrid Arg/Gln transporter y+LAT2. Gln export from brain across the blood–brain barrier may be stimulated by HE via its increased exchange with peripheral tryptophan.
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14
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Mrizak I, Arfa A, Fekih M, Debbabi H, Bouslema A, Boumaiza I, Zaouali M, Khan NA, Tabka Z. Inflammation and impaired endothelium-dependant vasodilatation in non obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: preliminary results. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:93. [PMID: 23805905 PMCID: PMC3706389 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether abnormal endothelial function, a common finding in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies, can be explained by inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Forearm skin blood flow (FSBF), into response to acetylcholine (Ach) (endothelium-dependent vasodilatation), were measured in 24 pregnant control subjects and 28 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women, in the third trimester of gestation. A fasting glycemic and lipidic panel was obtained, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and adiponectin were also determined. RESULTS FSBF is significantly reduced in GDM group compared with control subjects (344.59 ± 57.791 vs.176.38 ± 108.52, P < 0.05). Among all subjects, FSBF showed a strong negative correlation with TNF-α and IL-6 (r = -0.426, P < 0.0001 and r = -0.564, P < 0.0001, respectively) and positive correlation with adiponectin (r = 0.468, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Endothelial function, an early marker of macrovascular disease, is present in non-obese pregnancies complicated by GDM. This alteration seems to be directly related to inflammatory status, which may represent a patho-physiological link between GDM and type 2 diabetes and, later on, metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mrizak
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amel Arfa
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Fekih
- Department of Gynecology, Farhat Hached University Hospital Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Debbabi
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bouslema
- Department of Biochemistry, Sahloul University Hospital Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imen Boumaiza
- Department of Biochemistry, Sahloul University Hospital Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Monia Zaouali
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Naim A Khan
- INSERM U866, Physiology of Nutrition & Toxicology, University of Burgundy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Dijon, France
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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15
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Agarwal R, Gupta SK, Srivastava S, Agarwal P, Agrawal SS. Therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa, the golden spice of India, in drug discovery for ophthalmic diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:147-58. [PMID: 23480513 DOI: 10.1517/13543770802668117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcuma longa is among the most commonly used spices in India and other Asian countries. The herb has also been used in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine for the prevention and treatment of a variety of ailments. Curcuminoids are the major chemical constituents of C. longa that are of medicinal importance. Today, a large body of scientific evidence exists to indicate potential therapeutic benefits of C. longa. Several preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the pharmacological properties of C. longa and results indicate strong therapeutic potential for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and many other properties. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes the scientific evidences showing possible benefits of C. longa in a variety of ophthalmic diseases. CONCLUSION Although the putative mechanism(s), molecular targets and range of therapeutic applications have been researched widely, further investigations are needed to explore the true therapeutic potential and future of curcuminoids as novel drug molecules in ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Agarwal
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Interaction of the cardiovascular risk marker asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) with the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:392-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Ho HTB, Dahlin A, Wang J. Expression Profiling of Solute Carrier Gene Families at the Blood-CSF Barrier. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:154. [PMID: 22936914 PMCID: PMC3426838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a highly vascularized tissue in the brain ventricles and acts as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB). A main function of the CP is to secrete CSF, which is accomplished by active transport of small ions and water from the blood side to the CSF side. The CP also supplies the brain with certain nutrients, hormones, and metal ions, while removing metabolites and xenobiotics from the CSF. Numerous membrane transporters are expressed in the CP in order to facilitate the solute exchange between the blood and the CSF. The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily represents a major class of transporters in the CP that constitutes the molecular mechanisms for CP function. Recently, we systematically and quantitatively examined Slc gene expression in 20 anatomically comprehensive brain areas in the adult mouse brain using high-quality in situ hybridization data generated by the Allen Brain Atlas. Here we focus our analysis on Slc gene expression at the BCSFB using previously obtained data. Of the 252 Slc genes present in the mouse brain, 202 Slc genes were found at detectable levels in the CP. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the CP Slc gene expression pattern is substantially different from the other 19 analyzed brain regions. The majority of the Slc genes in the CP are expressed at low to moderate levels, whereas 28 Slc genes are present in the CP at the highest levels. These highly expressed Slc genes encode transporters involved in CSF secretion, energy production, and transport of nutrients, hormones, neurotransmitters, sulfate, and metal ions. In this review, the functional characteristics and potential importance of these Slc transporters in the CP are discussed, with particular emphasis on their localization and physiological functions at the BCSFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horace T B Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Dunk C, Roggensack A, Cox B, Perkins J, Åsenius F, Keating S, Weksberg R, Kingdom J, Adamson S. A distinct microvascular endothelial gene expression profile in severe IUGR placentas. Placenta 2012; 33:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
During normal pregnancy, dramatically increased placental blood flow is critical for fetal growth and survival as well as neonatal birth weights and survivability. This increased blood flow results from angiogenesis, vasodilatation, and vascular remodeling. Locally produced growth factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) are key regulators of placental endothelial functions including cell proliferation, migration, and vasodilatation. However, the precise signaling mechanisms underlying such regulation in fetoplacental endothelium are less well defined, specifically with regard to the interactions amongst protein kinases (PKs), protein phosphatase, and nitric oxide (NO). Recently, we and other researchers have obtained solid evidence showing that different signaling mechanisms participate in FGF2- and VEGFA-regulated fetoplacental endothelial cell proliferation and migration as well as NO production. This review will briefly summarize currently available data on signaling mediating fetoplacental angiogenesis with a specific emphasis on PKs, ERK1/2, AKT1, and p38 MAPK and protein phosphatases, PPP2 and PPP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Jing Zheng, Ph.D., Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, PAB1 Meriter Hospital, 202 S Park St., Madison, WI 53715. Phone: (608) 417-6314 Fax: (608) 257-1304.
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20
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Zielińska M, Skowrońska M, Fręśko I, Albrecht J. Upregulation of the heteromeric y⁺LAT2 transporter contributes to ammonia-induced increase of arginine uptake in rat cerebral cortical astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:531-5. [PMID: 22401943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Increased l-Arg (Arg) uptake to astrocytes and neurons is thought to contribute to enhanced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and oxidative/nitrosative stress associated with hyperammonemia (HA). Recently we had shown that HA increases the expression in the brain of y(+)LAT2, an isoform of the y(+)L heteromeric transporter which promotes [(3)H]Arg efflux form brain cells in the presence of l-glutamine (Gln) (Zielińska et al., 2011). In this study, we demonstrate that a significant proportion of [(3)H]Arg uptake to cultured cortical astrocytes is likewise mediated by system y(+)L, in addition to the uptake showing characteristics of systems y(+), B(0+) and b(0+). However, stimulation of [(3)H]Arg uptake by treatment with 5mM ammonium chloride ("ammonia") for 48 h could be solely ascribed to the y(+)L-mediated component of the uptake. Ammonia treatment increased the expression of the brain specific y(+)L isoform, y(+)LAT2, both at the mRNA and protein level, and silencing of the Slc7a6 gene coding for y(+)LAT2 protein specifically reduced the ammonia-induced [(3)H]Arg uptake. This study suggests an important role of y(+)LAT2 in the modulation of NO synthesis in the ammonia-exposed astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Leiva A, Pardo F, Ramírez MA, Farías M, Casanello P, Sobrevia L. Fetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction as an early phenomenon in the programming of human adult diseases in subjects born from gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity in pregnancy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:349286. [PMID: 22144986 PMCID: PMC3226353 DOI: 10.1155/2011/349286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity in pregnancy (OP) are pathological conditions associated with placenta vascular dysfunction coursing with metabolic changes at the fetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium. These alterations are seen as abnormal expression and activity of the cationic amino acid transporters and endothelial nitric oxide synthase isoform, that is, the "endothelial L-arginine/nitric oxide signalling pathway." Several studies suggest that the endogenous nucleoside adenosine along with insulin, and potentially arginases, are factors involved in GDM-, but much less information regards their role in OP-associated placental vascular alterations. There is convincing evidence that GDM and OP prone placental endothelium to an "altered metabolic state" leading to fetal programming evidenced at birth, a phenomenon associated with future development of chronic diseases. In this paper it is suggested that this pathological state could be considered as a metabolic marker that could predict occurrence of diseases in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus (including gestational diabetes), and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is found abundantly in the central nervous system (CNS) where it participates in a variety of metabolic pathways. Its major role in the brain is that of a precursor of the neurotransmitter amino acids: the excitatory amino acids, glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp), and the inhibitory amino acid, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). The precursor-product relationship between Gln and Glu/GABA in the brain relates to the intercellular compartmentalization of the Gln/Glu(GABA) cycle (GGC). Gln is synthesized from Glu and ammonia in astrocytes, in a reaction catalyzed by Gln synthetase (GS), which, in the CNS, is almost exclusively located in astrocytes (Martinez-Hernandez et al., 1977). Newly synthesized Gln is transferred to neurons and hydrolyzed by phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) to give rise to Glu, a portion of which may be decarboxylated to GABA or transaminated to Asp. There is a rich body of evidence which indicates that a significant proportion of the Glu, Asp and GABA derived from Gln feed the synaptic, neurotransmitter pools of the amino acids. Depolarization-induced-, calcium- and PAG activity-dependent releases of Gln-derived Glu, GABA and Asp have been observed in CNS preparations in vitro and in the brain in situ. Immunocytochemical studies in brain slices have documented Gln transfer from astrocytes to neurons as well as the location of Gln-derived Glu, GABA and Asp in the synaptic terminals. Patch-clamp studies in brain slices and astrocyte/neuron co-cultures have provided functional evidence that uninterrupted Gln synthesis in astrocytes and its transport to neurons, as mediated by specific carriers, promotes glutamatergic and GABA-ergic transmission. Gln entry into the neuronal compartment is facilitated by its abundance in the extracellular spaces relative to other amino acids. Gln also appears to affect neurotransmission directly by interacting with the NMDA class of Glu receptors. Transmission may also be modulated by alterations in cell membrane polarity related to the electrogenic nature of Gln transport or to uncoupled ion conductances in the neuronal or glial cell membranes elicited by Gln transporters. In addition, Gln appears to modulate the synthesis of the gaseous messenger, nitric oxide (NO), by controlling the supply to the cells of its precursor, arginine. Disturbances of Gln metabolism and/or transport contribute to changes in Glu-ergic or GABA-ergic transmission associated with different pathological conditions of the brain, which are best recognized in epilepsy, hepatic encephalopathy and manganese encephalopathy.
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Abdelmagid SA, Rickard JA, McDonald WJ, Thomas LN, Too CKL. CAT-1-mediated arginine uptake and regulation of nitric oxide synthases for the survival of human breast cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1084-92. [PMID: 21308737 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth of the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is highly dependent on L-arginine. We have reported that L-arginine, released from extracellular substrates by prolactin (PRL)- and 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced carboxypeptidase-D in the cell membrane, promotes nitric oxide (NO) production for MCF-7 cell survival. Arginine uptake is mediated by members of the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family and may coincide with induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for the production of NO. The present study investigated the CAT isoforms and PRL/E2 regulation of CAT and NOS in breast cancer cell lines. Using RT-PCR analysis, CAT-1, CAT-2A, and CAT-2B transcripts were detected in MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 cells. The CAT-4 transcript was detected in MDA-MB-231 only. CAT-3 was not detected in any of these cells. PRL and E2 did not significantly alter levels of CAT-1 mRNA and protein, nor CAT-2A and CAT-2B mRNAs in MCF-7 and T47D cells. PRL and E2 also had no effect on the overall uptake of L-[2,3,4,5-H(3)] arginine into these cells. However, confocal immunofluorescent microscopy showed that PRL and E2 upregulated eNOS and iNOS proteins, which distributed in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of MCF-7 cells. Knockdown of CAT-1 gene expression using small interfering RNA significantly decreased L-[2,3,4,5-H(3)]-arginine uptake, decreased viability and increased apoptosis of MCF-7 and T47D cells. In summary, several CAT isoforms are expressed in breast cancer cells. The CAT-1 isoform plays a role in arginine uptake and, together with PRL/E2-induced NOS, contribute to NO production for the survival of MCF-7 and T47D cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1X5, Canada
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24
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Tsitsiou E, Sibley CP, D’Souza SW, Catanescu O, Jacobsen DW, Glazier JD. Homocysteine is transported by the microvillous plasma membrane of human placenta. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:57-65. [PMID: 20567909 PMCID: PMC2966547 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated maternal plasma concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. The postulate that we wish to advance here is that placental transport of Hcy, by competing with endogenous amino acids for transporter activity, may account for some of the damaging impacts of Hcy on placental metabolism and function as well as fetal development. In this article, we provide an overview of some recent studies characterising the transport mechanisms for Hcy across the microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) of the syncytiotrophoblast, the transporting epithelium of human placenta. Three Hcy transport systems have been identified, systems L, A and y(+)L. This was accomplished using a strategy of competitive inhibition to investigate the effects of Hcy on the uptake of well-characterised radiolabelled substrates for each transport system into isolated MVM vesicles. The reverse experiments were also performed, examining the effects of model substrates on [³⁵S]L-Hcy uptake. This article describes the evidence for systems L, A and y(+)L involvement in placental Hcy transport and discusses the physiological implications of these findings with respect to placental function and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsitsiou
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Colin P. Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Stephen W. D’Souza
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Otilia Catanescu
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Donald W. Jacobsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jocelyn D. Glazier
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
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Zielińska M, Ruszkiewicz J, Hilgier W, Fręśko I, Albrecht J. Hyperammonemia increases the expression and activity of the glutamine/arginine transporter y+ LAT2 in rat cerebral cortex: implications for the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:190-5. [PMID: 21115085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with hyperammonemia (HA) and subsequent exposure of the brain to excess of ammonia. Alterations of the NO/cGMP pathway and increased glutamine (Gln) content are collectively responsible for many HE symptoms, but how the two events influence each other is not clear. Previously we had shown that Gln administered intracerebrally inhibited the NO/cGMP pathway in control rats and even more so in rats with HA, and we speculated that this effect is due to inhibition by Gln of arginine (Arg) transport (Hilgier et al., 2009). In this study we demonstrate that a 3-day HA in the ammonium acetate model increases the expression in the brain of y(+)LAT2, the heteromeric transporter which preferentially stimulates Arg efflux from the cells in exchange for Gln. The expression of the basic amino acid transporter CAT1, transporting Arg but not Gln remained unaffected by HA. Multiple parameters of Arg or Gln uptake and/or efflux and their mutual dependence were altered in the cerebral cortical slices obtained from HA rats, in a manner indicating enhanced y(+)LAT2-mediated transport. HA elevated Gln content and decreased cGMP content as measured both in the cerebral cortical tissue and microdialysates. Intracortical administration of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), which inhibits Gln fluxes between different cells of the CNS, attenuated the HA-induced decrease of cGMP in the microdialysates of HA rats, but not of control rats. The results suggest that, reduced delivery of Arg due to enhanced y(+)LAT2-mediated exchange of extracellular Gln for intracellular Arg may contribute to the decrease of NO/cGMP pathway activity evoked in the brain by HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 Str, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Sano Y, Shimizu F, Abe M, Maeda T, Kashiwamura Y, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T, Obinata M, Kajiwara K, Fujii M, Suzuki M, Kanda T. Establishment of a new conditionally immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cell line retaining an in vivo blood-brain barrier function. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:519-28. [PMID: 20458752 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been considered to be a key step in the disease process of a number of neurological disorders such as cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease. Many in vitro BBB models derived from animal tissues have been established to elucidate the mechanism of BBB insufficiency. However, only a few human immortalized in vitro BBB models have been reported. In the present study, a temperature-sensitive SV40-T antigen was introduced to immortalize cells using a retrovirus to obtain a better human in vitro BBB model which sustains physiological properties. This endothelial cell (EC) line, termed TY08, showed a spindle-shaped morphology. The cells expressed all key tight junctional proteins, such as occludin, claudin-5, zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and ZO-2 at their cell-to-cell boundaries, and had low permeability to inulin across its monolayer. The cells also expressed various influx and efflux transporters and exhibited the functional expression of p-glycoprotein. Furthermore, the TY08 cells grew and proliferated well under the permissive temperature and stopped growing under the non-permissive temperature to serve as physiological ECs forming the BBB. Thus, conditionally immortalized TY08 cells retaining the in vivo BBB functions should facilitate analyses for determining the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Sano
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Heterogeneous pathways of maternal-fetal transmission of human viruses (review). Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 15:451-65. [PMID: 19350418 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-009-9166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several viruses can pass the maternal-fetal barrier, and cause diseases of the fetus or the newborn. Recently, however, it became obvious, that viruses may invade fetal cells and organs through different routes without acute consequences. Spermatozoa, seminal fluid and lymphocytes in the sperm may transfer viruses into the human zygotes. Viruses were shown to be integrated into human chromosomes and transferred into fetal tissues. The regular maternal-fetal transport of maternal cells has also been discovered. This transport might implicate that lymphotropic viruses can be released into the fetal organs following cellular invasion. It has been shown that many viruses may replicate in human trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast cells thus passing the barrier of the maternal-fetal interface. The transport of viral immunocomplexes had also been suggested, and the possibility has been put forward that even anti-idiotypes mimicking viral epitopes might be transferred by natural mechanisms into the fetal plasma, in spite of the selective mechanisms of apical to basolateral transcytosis in syncytiotrophoblast and basolateral to apical transcytosis in fetal capillary endothelium. The mechanisms of maternal-fetal transcytosis seem to be different of those observed in differentiated cells and tissue cultures. Membrane fusion and lipid rafts of high cholesterol content are probably the main requirements of fetal transcytosis. The long term presence of viruses in fetal tissues and their interactions with the fetal immune system might result in post partum consequences as far as increased risk of the development of malignancies and chronic pathologic conditions are discussed.
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Czambel RK, Kharlamov A, Jones SC. Variations of brain endothelial nitric oxide synthase concentration in rat and mouse cortex. Nitric Oxide 2010; 22:51-7. [PMID: 19948238 PMCID: PMC2818859 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
No information exists on the differences of eNOS concentration in brain tissue, [eNOS](br), between animals during normal and hypotensive blood pressure and both between and within animals during moderate hypotension. To address these questions, we modified a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for determining murine [eNOS](br) since no method exists to measure [eNOS](br). Optimization of the kit ELISA procedure using brain cortex homogenates from 3 normotensive rats and 1 wild-type and 1 eNOS(-/-) (ko) mouse included recovery evaluation for each sample and the use of an "eNOS-free" homogenate calibrator diluent obtained from a mutant eNOS-ko mouse. Initial spike-and-recovery values of 12.5-27% suggesting a substantial sample matrix effect were improved with lipid removal treatment to 37.3% and to 70% with 1:20 dilution of the sample. Calibration standards prepared using eNOS-free buffer increased recovery values to 78% in micro-punch samples. The optimized ELISA was used in micro-punch (<1mg) brain cortex samples from 6 hypotensive rats. Whole brain [eNOS](br) varied considerably from 5-11fmol/mg wet weight and was different between normo- and hypotensive animals (p=0.023). The variability of [eNOS](br) due to moderate hypotension in micro-punch rat brain cortex samples was composed of both between (24%) and within (76%) animal components. The differences and variability of [eNOS](br) between normo- and hypotensive animals, and between and within hypotensive animals suggests the potential utility of its measurement for investigations of cerebrovascular physiology and that [eNOS](br) itself could be an important factor in cerebrovascular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kenneth Czambel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Alexander Kharlamov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Stephen C. Jones
- Department of Anesthesiology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
- Department of Neurology, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Tomi M, Kitade N, Hirose S, Yokota N, Akanuma SI, Tachikawa M, Hosoya KI. Cationic amino acid transporter 1-mediated L-arginine transport at the inner blood-retinal barrier. J Neurochem 2009; 111:716-25. [PMID: 19712052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the transporter mediating l-arginine transport at the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The apparent uptake clearance of [(3)H]L-arginine into the rat retina was found to be 118 microL/(min.g retina), supporting a carrier-mediated influx transport of L-arginine at the BRB. [(3)H]L-arginine uptake by a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB2 cells), used as an in vitro model of the inner BRB, was primarily an Na(+)-independent and saturable process with Michaelis-Menten constants of 11.2 microM and 530 microM. This process was inhibited by rat cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) 1-specific small interfering RNA as well as substrates of CATs, L-arginine, L-lysine, and L-ornithine. The expression of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) 1 mRNA was 25.9- and 796-fold greater than that of CAT3 in TR-iBRB2 and magnetically isolated rat retinal vascular endothelial cells, respectively. The expression of CAT1 protein was detected in TR-iBRB2 cells and immunostaining of CAT1 was observed along the rat retinal capillaries. In conclusion, CAT1 is localized in retinal capillary endothelial cells and at least in part mediates L-arginine transport at the inner BRB. This process seems to be closely involved in visual functions by supplying precursors of biologically important molecules like nitric oxide in the neural retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Tomi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Tsitsiou E, Sibley CP, D'Souza SW, Catanescu O, Jacobsen DW, Glazier JD. Homocysteine transport by systems L, A and y+L across the microvillous plasma membrane of human placenta. J Physiol 2009; 587:4001-13. [PMID: 19564394 PMCID: PMC2756434 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.173393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated maternal plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes, suggesting placental transport of Hcy may impact on fetal development. However, such transport mechanisms have not been defined. In this study we characterise Hcy transport mechanisms across the microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) of the syncytiotrophoblast, the transporting epithelium of human placenta. Three candidate transport systems, systems L, A and y(+)L, were examined utilising competitive inhibition to investigate the effects of Hcy on the uptake of well-characterised radiolabelled substrates for each system into isolated MVM vesicles, and that of model substrates on 10 microm [(35)S]l-Hcy uptake. System L activity was inhibited by both l-Hcy and dl-Hcy, comparable to model substrates including 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). System L constituted the major transport mechanism, with significant BCH inhibition (69%) of [(35)S]l-Hcy uptake. System A activity was also inhibited by l-Hcy and dl-Hcy with a smaller contribution (21%) to [(35)S]l-Hcy uptake. Inhibition by l-Hcy and dl-Hcy of system y(+)L activity was Na(+) sensitive with a significant inhibition constant (K(i)) shift observed following K(+) replacement; l-arginine reduced [(35)S]l-Hcy uptake by 19%. Kinetic modelling of [(35)S]l-Hcy uptake resolved two, Na(+)-independent, transport components (K(m) 72 microm and 9.7 mm). This study provides evidence for the involvement of systems L, A and y(+)L in placental Hcy transport. Such transport, by competing with endogenous amino acids for transporter activity, could have major implications for syncytiotrophoblast metabolism and function as well as fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsitsiou
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 0JH, UK
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31
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Topical negative pressure stimulates endothelial migration and proliferation: a suggested mechanism for improved integration of Integra. Ann Plast Surg 2009; 62:92-6. [PMID: 19131729 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e31817762fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Topical negative pressure is an effective technique to promote wound healing and the integration of skin graft and synthetic dermal equivalents. We describe an in vitro model to investigate the effect of negative pressure on angiogenesis, a pivotal step. Dermal fibroblasts or human microvascular endothelial cells were cultured on Integra and subjected to intermittent or continuous negative pressure. At fixed intervals of over 120 hours, the Integra was fixed and assessed for cell migration (microscopy), cell viability (MTS assay), and cell proliferation (Ki67 immunostaining). Under control conditions, endothelial cells formed a monolayer and failed to ingress, whereas fibroblasts migrated throughout the Integra within 24 hours. Negative pressure switches endothelial cell to a migratory and proliferative phenotype. Ingress is greatest with intermittent rather than continuous negative pressure. It has no effect on dermal fibroblast function. This study identifies an important, potential pro-angiogenic mechanism by which topical negative pressure promotes wound healing.
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Hilgier W, Freśko I, Klemenska E, Beresewicz A, Oja SS, Saransaari P, Albrecht J, Zielińska M. Glutamine inhibits ammonia-induced accumulation of cGMP in rat striatum limiting arginine supply for NO synthesis. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 35:75-81. [PMID: 19379813 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain L-glutamine (Gln) accumulation and increased activity of the NO/cGMP pathway are immediate consequences of acute exposure to ammonia. This study tested whether excess Gln may influence NO and/or cGMP synthesis. Intrastriatal administration of the glutaminase inhibitor 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine or the system A-specific Gln uptake inhibitor methylaminoisobutyrate increased microdialysate Gln concentration and reduced basal and ammonia-induced NO and cGMP accumulation. Gln applied in vivo (via microdialysis) or in vitro (to rat brain cortical slices) reduced NO and cGMP accumulation in the presence and/or absence of ammonia, but not cGMP synthesis induced by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. Attenuation of cGMP synthesis by Gln was prevented by administration of L-arginine (Arg). The L-arginine co-substrates of y(+)LAT2 transport system, L-leucine and cyclo-leucine, mimicked the effect of exogenous Gln, suggesting that Gln limits Arg supply for NO synthesis by interfering with y+LAT2-mediated Arg uptake across the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Hilgier
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2 may be Differentially Modulated by A2B Adenosine Receptors in Placenta Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Pre-eclampsia. Placenta 2008; 29:816-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sharma RA, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:453-70. [PMID: 17569224 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma spp. contain turmerin, essential oils, and curcuminoids, including curcumin. Curcumin [1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione] is regarded as the most biologically active constituent of the spice turmeric and it comprises 2-8% of most turmeric preparations. Preclinical data from animal models and phase I clinical studies performed with human volunteers and patients with cancer have demonstrated low systemic bioavailability following oral dosing. Efficient first-pass metabolism and some degree of intestinal metabolism, particularly glucuronidation and sulfation of curcumin, might explain its poor systemic availability when administered via the oral route. A daily oral dose of 3.6 g of curcumin is compatible with detectable levels of the parent compound in colorectal tissue from patients with cancer. The levels demonstrated might be sufficient to exert pharmacological activity. There appears to be negligible distribution of the parent drug to hepatic tissue or other tissues beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Curcumin possesses wide-ranging anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Many of these biological activities can be attributed to its potent antioxidant capacity at neutral and acidic pH, its inhibition of cell signaling pathways at multiple levels, its diverse effects on cellular enzymes, and its effects on cell adhesion and angiogenesis. In particular, curcumin's ability to alter gene transcription and induce apoptosis in preclinical models advocates its potential utility in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. With regard to considerable public and scientific interest in the use of phytochemicals derived from dietary components to combat or prevent human diseases, curcumin is currently a leading agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky A Sharma
- Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, UK.
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35
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Geng B, Cui Y, Zhao J, Yu F, Zhu Y, Xu G, Zhang Z, Tang C, Du J. Hydrogen sulfide downregulates the aortic L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R1608-18. [PMID: 17634203 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00207.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) signaling by nitric oxide (NO) in isolated rat aortas and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Both administration of H(2)S and NaHS, as well as endogenous H(2)S, reduced NO formation, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, eNOS transcript abundance, and l-arginine (l-Arg) transport (all P < 0.01). The kinetics analysis of eNOS activity and l-Arg transport showed that H(2)S reduced V(max) values (all P < 0.01) without modifying K(m) parameters. Use of selective NOS inhibitors verified that eNOS [vs. inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS)] was the specific target of H(2)S regulation. H(2)S treatment (100 micromol/l) reduced Akt phosphorylation and decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. H(2)S reduced l-Arg uptake by inhibition of a system y+ transporter and decreased the CAT-1 transcript. H(2)S treatment reduced protein expression of eNOS but not of nNOS and iNOS. Pinacidil (K(ATP) channel opener) exhibited the similar inhibitory effects on the l-Arg/NOS/NO pathway. Glibenclamide (K(ATP) channel inhibitor) partly blocked the inhibitory effect of H(2)S and pinacidil. An in vivo experiment revealed that H(2)S downregulated the vascular l-Arg/eNOS/NO pathway after intraperitoneal injection of NaHS (14 micromol/kg) in rats. Taken together, our findings suggest that H(2)S downregulates the vascular l-Arg/NOS/NO pathway in vitro and in vivo, and the K(ATP) channel could be involved in the regulatory mechanism of H(2)S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Geng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, First Hospital of Peking Univ., Beijing xishuku St. 8, 100034.
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J G, Cq W, Hh F, Hy D, Xl X, Ym X, By W, Dj H. Effects of resveratrol on endothelial progenitor cells and their contributions to reendothelialization in intima-injured rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006; 47:711-21. [PMID: 16775512 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000211764.52012.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) activities in vitro and on the mobilization of circulating EPCs, and reendothelialization in balloon-injured aorta of rats. After being isolated, cultured, and characterized, human EPCs were stimulated with resveratrol. We found that a low concentration of resveratrol (1 microM) led to significant enhanced activities of proliferation, migration, and adhesion, as well as promoting endothelial nitric acid synthetase (eNOS) expression in EPCs, whereas a high concentration (60 microM) inhibited the aforementioned functions and eNOS expression. In a rat model of injured aorta, a low dosage of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) increased the amount of EPCs in rat circulation as compared with placebo, whereas the result of a high dosage (50 mg/kg) did not reach statistical difference. In addition, 10 mg/kg of resveratrol both accelerated reendothelialization and inhibited neointimal formation; however, 50 mg/kg only reduced neointimal formation, which was not as effective as the previous one. eNOS expression in injured arteries was potently enhanced in the 10 mg/kg group, but not in the 50 mg/kg group. These findings suggest that a low dosage of resveratrol could markedly raise the proliferative, migrative, and adhesive activities of EPCs and upgrade eNOS expression in vitro as well as increase EPC mobilization, enhance eNOS expression, and accelerate the repair of injured artery; however, a high dosage cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu J
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
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Repetto EM, Pannunzio V, Astort F, Martinez Calejman C, Moreno MB, Pignataro OP, Cymeryng CB. Characterization of L-arginine transport in adrenal cells: effect of ACTH. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E291-7. [PMID: 16478777 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00413.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthesis depends on the availability of its precursor L-arginine, which could be regulated by the presence of a specific uptake system. In the present report, the characterization of the L-arginine transport system in mouse adrenal Y1 cells was performed. L-arginine transport was mediated by the cationic/neutral amino acid transport system y+L and the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) y+ in Y1 cells. These Na+-independent transporters were identified by their selectivity for neutral amino acids in both the presence and absence of Na+ and by the effect of N-ethylmaleimide. Transport data correlated to expression of genes encoding for CAT-1, CAT-2, CD-98, and y+LAT-2. A similar expression profile was detected in rat adrenal zona fasciculata. In addition, cationic amino acid uptake in Y1 cells was upregulated by ACTH and/or cAMP with a concomitant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban M Repetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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San Martín R, Sobrevia L. Gestational diabetes and the adenosine/L-arginine/nitric oxide (ALANO) pathway in human umbilical vein endothelium. Placenta 2006; 27:1-10. [PMID: 16310032 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Altered endothelial cell function is a key factor associated with vascular disorders and is critical in the fetal growth and development. Pregnancies affected by diseases such as gestational diabetes are associated with human umbilical vein endothelial dysfunction, a finding that has been associated with a high incidence of vascular complications during the adult life. Limited information is available addressing cellular mechanisms associated with altered human umbilical vein endothelial function in gestational diabetes. One of the key signalling pathways associated with altered vascular physiology is the synthesis of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) from the cationic amino acid L-arginine by the endothelium (i.e. the endothelial L-arginine/NO pathway). The activity of this signalling pathway is modulated by D-glucose, adenosine, insulin, and ATP, among other molecules, and is upregulated (transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels) in gestational diabetes. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved with elevated adenosine levels in fetal umbilical vein blood and the endothelial L-arginine/NO pathway activity in gestational diabetes. We suggest that a lower capacity of adenosine transport by the fetal endothelium in gestational diabetes leads to extracellular accumulation of this nucleoside and its higher bio-availability activates endothelial P1 type purinoceptors. A functional association between A2a purinoceptor subtype signalling and the activity of the l-arginine transport mediated by human cationic amino acid transporters and endothelial NO synthase activity (i.e. 'ALANO pathway') is proposed, revealing in part the mechanisms that account for human umbilical vein endothelial cell dysfunction programmed through the development of the fetus in gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R San Martín
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Research Centre (CIM), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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Hemmings DG, Hudson NK, Halliday D, O'Hara M, Baker PN, Davidge ST, Taggart MJ. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Acts via Rho-Associated Kinase and Nitric Oxide to Regulate Human Placental Vascular Tone1. Biol Reprod 2006; 74:88-94. [PMID: 16162874 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.043034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid released from activated platelets, has been demonstrated in animal models to regulate vascular tone through receptor-mediated activation of Rho-associated kinase 1 and nitric oxide synthase 3. The role of S1P in regulation of human vascular tone (particularly during pregnancy, with its unique vascular adaptations and localized platelet activation) is unknown. We hypothesized that S1P would constrict small placental arteries through activation of Rho-associated kinases with modulation by nitric oxide. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of chorionic plate artery preparations detected mRNAs encoding all five receptors for S1P, and S1P induced dose-dependent vasoconstriction of both chorionic plate and stem villous isobarically mounted arteries, which at 10 micromol/L was 32.9% +/- 3.86% (mean +/- SEM) and 34.6% +/- 7.01%, respectively. In stem villous arteries, S1P-induced vasoconstriction was enhanced significantly following inhibition of nitric oxide synthases with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 micromol/L, 52.6% +/- 6.28%, P < 0.05). The S1P-induced vasoconstriction was reversed by Y27632, an inhibitor of Rho-associated kinases (10 micromol/L) in both chorionic plate (to 14.9% +/- 4.95%) and stem villous arteries (to 2.71% +/- 6.13%). The S1P added to alpha-toxin-permeabilized, isometrically mounted chorionic plate arteries bathed in submaximal Ca(2+)-activating solution induced Ca(2+)-sensitization of constriction, which was 47.7% +/- 10.0% of that occurring to maximal Ca(2+)-activating solution. This was reduced by Y27632 to 18.4% +/- 18.4%. Interestingly, S1P-induced vasoconstriction occurred in all isobarically mounted arteries but was inconsistent in isometrically mounted chorionic plate arteries. In summary, S1P-induced vasoconstriction in human placental arteries is mediated by increased Ca(2+)-sensitization through activation of Rho-associated kinases, and this vasoconstriction also is modulated by nitric oxide. Identification of these actions of S1P in the placental vasculature is important for understanding both normal and potentially abnormal vascular adaptations with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise G Hemmings
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Li C, Huang W, Harris M, Goolsby J, Venema R. Interaction of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase with the CAT-1 arginine transporter enhances NO release by a mechanism not involving arginine transport. Biochem J 2005; 386:567-74. [PMID: 15743275 PMCID: PMC1134876 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) catalyses the conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline and NO. Evidence has been presented previously that eNOS is associated with the CAT (cationic amino acid transporter)-1 arginine transporter in endothelial caveolae, and it has been proposed that eNOS-CAT-1 association facilitates the delivery of extracellular L-arginine to eNOS. Definitive proof of a protein-protein interaction between eNOS and CAT-1 is lacking, however, and it is also unknown whether the two proteins interact directly or via an adaptor protein. In the present study, we raised a polyclonal antibody against CAT-1, and show using reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation protocols that eNOS and CAT-1 do indeed form a complex in BAECs (bovine aortic endothelial cells). In vitro binding assays with GST (glutathione S-transferase)-CAT-1 fusion proteins and eNOS show that the two proteins interact directly and that no single CAT-1 intracellular domain is sufficient to mediate the interaction. Overexpression of CAT-1 in BAECs by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer results in significant increases in both L-arginine uptake and NO production by the cells. However, whereas increased L-arginine transport is reversed completely by the CAT-1 inhibitor, L-lysine, increased NO release is unaltered, suggesting that NO production in this in vitro model is independent of CAT-1-mediated transport. Furthermore, eNOS enzymic activity is increased in lysates of CAT-1-overexpressing cells accompanied by increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser-1179 and Ser-635, and decreased association of eNOS with caveolin-1. Taken together, these data suggest that direct interaction of eNOS with CAT-1 enhances NO release by a mechanism not involving arginine transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- *Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - Wei Huang
- *Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - M. Brennan Harris
- *Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
- †Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M. Goolsby
- *Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - Richard C. Venema
- *Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
- †Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
- ‡Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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