1
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Chen T, Li S, Wang L. Semaphorins in tumor microenvironment: Biological mechanisms and therapeutic progress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112035. [PMID: 38603857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hallmark features of the tumor microenvironment include immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix (ECM), providing a conducive environment for the growth and survival of tumors. Recent advances in the understanding of cancer biology have highlighted the functional role of semaphorins (SEMAs). SEMAs are a large and diverse family of widely expressed secreted and membrane-binding proteins, which were initially implicated in axon guidance and neural development. However, it is now clear that they are widely expressed beyond the nervous system and participate in regulating immune responses and cancer progression. In fact, accumulating evidence disclosed that different SEMAs can either stimulate or restrict tumor progression, some of which act as important regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Conversely, limited information is known about the functional relevance of SEMA signals in TME. In this setting, we systematically elaborate the role SEMAs and their major receptors played in characterized components of TME. Furthermore, we provide a convergent view of current SEMAs pharmacological progress in clinical treatment and also put forward their potential application value and clinical prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Shazhou Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China.
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2
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da Silva Gonçalves CE, Fock RA. Semaphorins and the bone marrow microenvironment: New candidates that influence the hematopoietic system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:22-29. [PMID: 38472041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The bone marrow is a haven for hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, creating complex micro-anatomical regions called niches. These distinct niches all participate in an intricate orchestra of cellular interactions that regulates the hematopoietic stem cell and its progenies. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the three most well-known bone marrow niches and their participation in hematopoiesis. We use pre-clinical data, including different in vitro and in vivo studies to discuss how a group of proteins called Semaphorins could potentially modulate both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, establishing links between the niches, semaphorins, and hematopoietic regulation. Thus, here we provide a deep dive into the inner functioning of the bone marrow and discuss the overarching implications that semaphorins might have on blood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E da Silva Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Lafzi A, Borrelli C, Baghai Sain S, Bach K, Kretz JA, Handler K, Regan-Komito D, Ficht X, Frei A, Moor A. Identifying Spatial Co-occurrence in Healthy and InflAmed tissues (ISCHIA). Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:98-119. [PMID: 38225383 PMCID: PMC10897385 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) methods allow unbiased capturing of RNA molecules at barcoded spots, charting the distribution and localization of cell types and transcripts across a tissue. While the coarse resolution of these techniques is considered a disadvantage, we argue that the inherent proximity of transcriptomes captured on spots can be leveraged to reconstruct cellular networks. To this end, we developed ISCHIA (Identifying Spatial Co-occurrence in Healthy and InflAmed tissues), a computational framework to analyze the spatial co-occurrence of cell types and transcript species within spots. Co-occurrence analysis is complementary to differential gene expression, as it does not depend on the abundance of a given cell type or on the transcript expression levels, but rather on their spatial association in the tissue. We applied ISCHIA to analyze co-occurrence of cell types, ligands and receptors in a Visium dataset of human ulcerative colitis patients, and validated our findings at single-cell resolution on matched hybridization-based data. We uncover inflammation-induced cellular networks involving M cell and fibroblasts, as well as ligand-receptor interactions enriched in the inflamed human colon, and their associated gene signatures. Our results highlight the hypothesis-generating power and broad applicability of co-occurrence analysis on spatial transcriptomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Lafzi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Borrelli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Bach
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas A Kretz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Handler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Regan-Komito
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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Ivanov KI, Samuilova OV, Zamyatnin AA. The emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in lymphatic vascular development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:197. [PMID: 37407839 PMCID: PMC10322780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in RNA sequencing technologies helped uncover what was once uncharted territory in the human genome-the complex and versatile world of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Previously thought of as merely transcriptional "noise", lncRNAs have now emerged as essential regulators of gene expression networks controlling development, homeostasis and disease progression. The regulatory functions of lncRNAs are broad and diverse, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are highly variable, acting at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to support the important role of lncRNAs in the development and functioning of the lymphatic vasculature and associated pathological processes such as tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in regulating the key genes and pathways involved in lymphatic vascular development and disease. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and outline possible strategies for the development of lncRNA-based therapeutics to treat diseases of the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin I Ivanov
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olga V Samuilova
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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5
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Martínez-Ramos S, Rafael-Vidal C, Malvar-Fernández B, Rodriguez-Trillo A, Veale D, Fearon U, Conde C, Conde-Aranda J, Radstake TRDJ, Pego-Reigosa JM, Reedquist KA, García S. HOXA5 is a key regulator of class 3 semaphorins expression in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:2621-2630. [PMID: 36398888 PMCID: PMC10321103 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Class 3 semaphorins are reduced in the synovial tissue of RA patients and these proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify the transcription factors involved in the expression of class 3 semaphorins in the synovium of RA patients. METHODS Protein and mRNA expression in synovial tissue from RA and individuals at risk (IAR) patients, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) was determined by ELISA, immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. TCF-3, EBF-1 and HOXA5 expression was knocked down using siRNA. Cell viability, migration and invasion were determined using MTT, calcein, wound closure and invasion assays, respectively. RESULTS mRNA expression of all class 3 semaphorins was significantly lower in the synovium of RA compared with IAR patients. In silico analysis suggested TCF-3, EBF-1 and HOXA5 as transcription factors involved in the expression of these semaphorins. TCF-3, EBF-1 and HOXA5 silencing significantly reduced the expression of several class 3 semaphorin members in FLS and HUVEC. Importantly, HOXA5 expression was significantly reduced in the synovium of RA compared with IAR patients and was negatively correlated with clinical disease parameters. Additionally, TNF-α down-regulated the HOXA5 expression in FLS and HUVEC. Finally, HOXA5 silencing enhanced the migratory and invasive capacities of FLS and the viability of HUVEC. CONCLUSION HOXA5 expression is reduced during the progression of RA and could be a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating the hyperplasia of the synovium, through the regulation of class 3 semaphorins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Ramos
- Rheumatology & Immuno-mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Rafael-Vidal
- Rheumatology & Immuno-mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Malvar-Fernández
- Rheumatology & Immuno-mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Angela Rodriguez-Trillo
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico, Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Douglas Veale
- Rheumatology EULAR Centre of Excellence, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Rheumatology EULAR Centre of Excellence, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carmen Conde
- Laboratorio de Reumatología Experimental y Observacional, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico, Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Conde-Aranda
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jose María Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology & Immuno-mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel García
- Correspondence to: Samuel García, Rheumatology & Immune-mediated Diseases (IRIDIS) Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor No. 341, Beade, 36312 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain. E-mail:
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6
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Zheng B, Lyu L, Wang X, Wen H, Li Y, Li J, Yao Y, Zuo C, Yan S, Xie S, Qi X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis and genome-wide characterization of the Semaphorin family reveal the potential mechanism of angiogenesis around embryo in ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 338:114275. [PMID: 36940835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
To guarantee the quality and survival rate of their offspring, ovoviviparous teleost evolved special characteristics of in vivo fertilization and embryo development. Maternal black rockfish, having over 50 thousand embryos developing within the ovary simultaneously, provided around 40% nutrition throughout oocyte development, while the capillaries around each embryo contributed the rest 60% during pregnancy. Since fertilization, capillaries started to proliferate and developed into a placenta-like structure that covered over half of each embryo. Aimed to characterize the potential mechanism behind, comparative transcriptome analysis of samples collected according to the process of pregnancy. Three important time point in the process, including mature oocyte stage, fertilization and sarcomere period, were chosen for the transcriptome sequencing. Our study identified key pathways and genes involved in the cell cycle as well as DNA replication and repair, cell migration and adhesion, immune, and metabolic functions. Notably, several of the semaphoring gene family members were differently expressed. To confirm the accuracy of these genes, total of 32 sema genes were identified from the whole genome and distinct expression pattern of sema genes was observed in different pregnant stages. Our results revealed a novel insight for further investigating the functions of sema genes in reproduction physiology and embryo processes in ovoviviparous teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yijia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Songyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Ribatti D, Ligresti G, Nicosia RF. Kidney endothelial cell heterogeneity, angiocrine activity and paracrine regulatory mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 148:107139. [PMID: 36539108 PMCID: PMC10828957 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. In addition to providing an anti-thrombogenic surface for blood flow, endothelial cells perform a multitude of additional regulatory tasks involving organogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, repair and organ homeostasis. To communicate with surrounding cells and accomplish their many functions, endothelial cells secrete angiocrine factors including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteolytic enzymes. Nonendothelial parenchymal and stromal cells in turn regulate endothelial growth, differentiation and survival during embryonal development and in the adult by paracrine mechanisms. Driven by advances in molecular biology, animal genetics, single cell transcriptomics and microscopic imaging, knowledge of organotypic vasculatures has expanded rapidly in recent years. The kidney vasculature, in particular, has been the focus of intensive investigation and represents a primary example of how endothelial heterogeneity and crosstalk with nonendothelial cells contribute to the development and function of a vital organ. In this paper, we review the morphology, function, and development of the kidney vasculature, with an emphasis on blood microvascular endothelial heterogeneity, and provide examples of endothelial and nonendothelial-derived factors that are critically involved in kidney development, growth, response to injury, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso (SMBNOS), Universita' degli Studi Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, - Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 356100, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
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8
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Targeting the Semaphorin3E-plexinD1 complex in allergic asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108351. [PMID: 36706796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous airway disease characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. It affects more than 300 million people worldwide and poses a significant burden on society. Semaphorins, discovered initially as neural guidance molecules, are ubiquitously expressed in various organs and regulate multiple signaling pathways. Interestingly, Semaphorin3E is a critical molecule in lung pathophysiology through its role in both lung development and homeostasis. Semaphorin3E binds to plexinD1, mediating regulatory effects on cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the Semaphorin3E-plexinD1 axis is implicated in asthma, impacting inflammatory and structural cells associated with airway inflammation, tissue remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness. This review details the Semaphorin3E-plexinD1 axis in various aspects of asthma and highlights future directions in research including its potential role as a therapeutic target in airway allergic diseases.
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9
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Gong T, Wang Y, Dong S, Ma X, Du D, Zou C, Zheng Q, Wen Z. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals the communications between extracellular matrix-related components and Schwann cells contributing to the earlobe keloid formation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1000324. [PMID: 36388926 PMCID: PMC9643690 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a major type of skin fibrotic disease, with one prominent feature of extensive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and another feature of pain/itching, which is closely related to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, the molecular pathogenesis of these two prominent features still needs to be further explored. In the present study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on clinical earlobe keloid samples and adjacent normal skin samples and constructed a keloid atlas of 31,379 cells. All cells were clustered into 13 major cell types using cell-type-specific markers. Among them, fibroblast, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells were defined as the ECM-related populations according to their ECM-associated functions. Also, we found that Schwann cells (SCs) were the main neuron cells of PNS in the skin. Interestingly, the cell proportions of ECM-related populations, as well as SC were increased significantly in the earlobe keloid compared to the adjacent normal tissues, suggesting an important role of these cell types in the development of the earlobe keloid. Comprehensive cell-cell interaction analysis at the single-cell level revealed a strong interaction between SC and ECM-related subgroups which might be mediated by SEMA3C signaling pathways and MK/PTN gene family, which are found to be mainly involved in promoting cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, further exploration of the interactions of ECM-related populations and SC in different keloids, including earlobe keloid, back keloid, and chest keloid revealed an increasing amount of TGFβ-TGFβ receptor interactions in chest/back keloids as compared to earlobe keloid, which suggested the anatomic site-specific pathogenesis in different keloids. Altogether, these findings suggested the interactions between ECM-related populations and SC contributing to the earlobe keloid formation and helped us to better understand the pathogenesis of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taogen Gong
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoshi Ma
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Danfeng Du
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Zou
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Wen
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Tan SY, Jing Q, Leung Z, Xu Y, Cheng LKW, Tam SST, Wu AR. Transcriptomic analysis of 3D vasculature-on-a-chip reveals paracrine factors affecting vasculature growth and maturation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3885-3897. [PMID: 36093896 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of vasculature are of great importance for modelling vascular physiology and pathology. However, there is usually a lack of proper spatial patterning of interacting heterotypic cells in conventional vasculature dish models, which might confound results between contact and non-contact interactions. We use a microfluidic platform with structurally defined separation between human microvasculature and fibroblasts to probe their dynamic, paracrine interactions. We also develop a novel, versatile technique to retrieve cells embedded in extracellular matrix from the microfluidic device for downstream transcriptomic analysis, and uncover growth factor and cytokine expression profiles associated with improved vasculature growth. Paired receptor-ligand analysis further reveals paracrine signaling molecules that could be supplemented into the medium for vasculatures models where fibroblast coculture is undesirable or infeasible. These findings also provide deeper insights into the molecular cues for more physiologically relevant vascular mimicry and vascularized organoid model for clinical applications such as drug screening and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yen Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Qiuyu Jing
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ziuwin Leung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H3G1M8, Canada
| | - Ying Xu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lily Kwan Wai Cheng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sindy Sing Ting Tam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Angela Ruohao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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11
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Genetic inactivation of Semaphorin 3C protects mice from Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int 2022; 101:720-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Snijders KE, Fehér A, Táncos Z, Bock I, Téglási A, van den Berk L, Niemeijer M, Bouwman P, Le Dévédec SE, Moné MJ, Van Rossom R, Kumar M, Wilmes A, Jennings P, Verfaillie CM, Kobolák J, Ter Braak B, Dinnyés A, van de Water B. Fluorescent tagging of endogenous Heme oxygenase-1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells for high content imaging of oxidative stress in various differentiated lineages. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3285-3302. [PMID: 34480604 PMCID: PMC8448683 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tagging of endogenous stress response genes can provide valuable in vitro models for chemical safety assessment. Here, we present the generation and application of a fluorescent human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) reporter line for Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), which is considered a sensitive and reliable biomarker for the oxidative stress response. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to insert an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) at the C-terminal end of the endogenous HMOX1 gene. Individual clones were selected and extensively characterized to confirm precise editing and retained stem cell properties. Bardoxolone-methyl (CDDO-Me) induced oxidative stress caused similarly increased expression of both the wild-type and eGFP-tagged HMOX1 at the mRNA and protein level. Fluorescently tagged hiPSC-derived proximal tubule-like, hepatocyte-like, cardiomyocyte-like and neuron-like progenies were treated with CDDO-Me (5.62–1000 nM) or diethyl maleate (5.62–1000 µM) for 24 h and 72 h. Multi-lineage oxidative stress responses were assessed through transcriptomics analysis, and HMOX1-eGFP reporter expression was carefully monitored using live-cell confocal imaging. We found that eGFP intensity increased in a dose-dependent manner with dynamics varying amongst lineages and stressors. Point of departure modelling further captured the specific lineage sensitivities towards oxidative stress. We anticipate that the newly developed HMOX1 hiPSC reporter will become a valuable tool in understanding and quantifying critical target organ cell-specific oxidative stress responses induced by (newly developed) chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Snijders
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Linda van den Berk
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Moné
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Van Rossom
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bas Ter Braak
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary. .,Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Ducoli L, Agrawal S, Sibler E, Kouno T, Tacconi C, Hon CC, Berger SD, Müllhaupt D, He Y, Kim J, D'Addio M, Dieterich LC, Carninci P, de Hoon MJL, Shin JW, Detmar M. LETR1 is a lymphatic endothelial-specific lncRNA governing cell proliferation and migration through KLF4 and SEMA3C. Nat Commun 2021; 12:925. [PMID: 33568674 PMCID: PMC7876020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. There is ample evidence that distinct types of vasculature undergo tight transcriptional control to preserve their structure, identity, and functions. We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. Subsequent antisense oligonucleotide-knockdown transcriptomic profiling of two LEC- and two BEC-specific lncRNAs identifies LETR1 as a critical gatekeeper of the global LEC transcriptome. Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C, governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. Together, our study provides several lines of evidence supporting the intriguing concept that every cell type expresses precise lncRNA signatures to control lineage-specific regulatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eliane Sibler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tsukasa Kouno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chung-Chao Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Simone D Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Müllhaupt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jihye Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco D'Addio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiel J L de Hoon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Zink J, Frye M, Frömel T, Carlantoni C, John D, Schreier D, Weigert A, Laban H, Salinas G, Stingl H, Günther L, Popp R, Hu J, Vanhollebeke B, Schmidt H, Acker-Palmer A, Renné T, Fleming I, Benz PM. EVL regulates VEGF receptor-2 internalization and signaling in developmental angiogenesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e48961. [PMID: 33512764 PMCID: PMC7857432 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial tip cells are essential for VEGF‐induced angiogenesis, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. The Ena/VASP protein family, consisting of EVL, VASP, and Mena, plays a pivotal role in axon guidance. Given that axonal growth cones and endothelial tip cells share many common features, from the morphological to the molecular level, we investigated the role of Ena/VASP proteins in angiogenesis. EVL and VASP, but not Mena, are expressed in endothelial cells of the postnatal mouse retina. Global deletion of EVL (but not VASP) compromises the radial sprouting of the vascular plexus in mice. Similarly, endothelial‐specific EVL deletion compromises the radial sprouting of the vascular plexus and reduces the endothelial tip cell density and filopodia formation. Gene sets involved in blood vessel development and angiogenesis are down‐regulated in EVL‐deficient P5‐retinal endothelial cells. Consistently, EVL deletion impairs VEGF‐induced endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting, and reduces the internalization and phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 and its downstream signaling via the MAPK/ERK pathway. Together, we show that endothelial EVL regulates sprouting angiogenesis via VEGF receptor‐2 internalization and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Zink
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Frye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Carlantoni
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David John
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Insitute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Danny Schreier
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Stingl
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Günther
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, ULB Neuroscience Institute Department of Molecular Biology, University of Brussels, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter M Benz
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Zhong HB, Chu QS, Xiang JJ, Zhang AL, Chen EQ, Shen XR, Liao XH. Spatial association of SEMA3C with nerve endings/terminal Schwann cells in hair follicle isthmus region. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:737-741. [PMID: 32954569 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve endings and terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) specifically and densely surround hair follicle at isthmus area, forming a neuromuscular-junction-like structure called lanceolate complex. The interplay between neuronal components and epidermis in this specialized structure enables hair to properly sense complex stimuli from environments. However, how nerves precisely attach to and innervate this specific region during development remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that SEMA3C, a secreted protein member of semaphorin family responsible for axonal guidance, is localized right below sebaceous gland and in close approximation with nerve endings and TSCs processes all through the entire hair cycle. SEMA3C protein is deposited outside of epithelial cells and its expression is independent on the presence of nerve endings/TSCs. SEMA3C is also found in portions of dermal papilla at growth phase. The tight spatial association of SEMA3C with lanceolate complex suggests that it might play roles in establishment and/or maintenance of the lanceolate complex in hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bing Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Song Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jan Jian Xiang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Arina Li Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Eve Qian Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Ru Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Kim BH, Kim DY, Ahn Y, Lee EJ, Park H, Park M, Park JH. Semaphorin-3C Is Upregulated in Polycystic Kidney Epithelial Cells and Inhibits Angiogenesis of Glomerular Endothelial Cells. Am J Nephrol 2020; 51:556-564. [PMID: 32610315 DOI: 10.1159/000508263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary disease characterized by cyst formation in the kidneys bilaterally. It has been observed that semaphorin-3C (SEMA3C) is overexpressed in polycystic kidney epithelial cells. It is hypothesized that upregulated SEMA3C would contribute to survival of polycystic kidney epithelial cells. Furthermore, as the kidney is a highly vascularized organ, the secreted SEMA3C from PKD epithelial cells will affect glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) in a paracrine manner. METHODS To evaluate the effect of SEMA3C on renal cells, siSEMA3C-treated PKD epithelial cells were used for further analysis, and GECs were exposed to recombinant SEMA3C (rSEMA3C). Also, co-culture and treatment of conditioned media were employed to confirm whether PKD epithelial cells could influence on GECs via SEMA3C secretion. RESULTS SEMA3C knockdown reduced proliferation of PKD epithelial cells. In case of GECs, exposure to rSEMA3C decreased angiogenesis, which resulted from suppressed migratory ability not cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that SEMA3C is the aggravating factor in PKD. Thus, it is proposed that targeting SEMA3C can be effective to mitigate PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meeyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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17
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The role of semaphorins in small vessels of the eye and brain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105044. [PMID: 32590102 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small vessel diseases, such as ischemic retinopathy and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), are increasingly recognized in patients with diabetes, dementia and cerebrovascular disease. The mechanisms of small vessel diseases are poorly understood, but the latest studies suggest a role for semaphorins. Initially identified as axon guidance cues, semaphorins are mainly studied in neuronal morphogenesis, neural circuit assembly, and synapse assembly and refinement. In recent years, semaphorins have been found to play important roles in regulating vascular growth and development and in many pathophysiological processes, including atherosclerosis, angiogenesis after stroke and retinopathy. Growing evidence indicates that semaphorins affect the occurrence, perfusion and regression of both the macrovasculature and microvasculature by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, barrier function and inflammatory response of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and pericytes. In this review, we concentrate on the regulatory effects of semaphorins on the cell components of the vessel wall and their potential roles in microvascular diseases, especially in the retina and cerebral small vessel. Finally, we discuss potential molecular approaches in targeting semaphorins as therapies for microvascular disorders in the eye and brain.
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18
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Dziobek K, Opławski M, Grabarek BO, Zmarzły N, Kieszkowski P, Januszyk P, Kiełbasiński K, Kiełbasiński R, Boroń D. Assessment of the Usefulness of the SEMA5A Concentration Profile Changes as a Molecular Marker in Endometrial Cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:45-51. [PMID: 31544715 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190911113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A) functions not only in the nervous system but also in cancer transformation where its role has not yet been sufficiently studied and described. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the changes in SEMA5A expression in endometrial cancer at various degrees of its differentiation (G1-G3) compared to control. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 45 patients with endometrial cancer at various grades: G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13. The control consisted of 15 women without neoplastic changes in the routine gynecological examination. The statistical analysis of immunohistochemical assessment of SEMA5A level was carried out using the Statistica 12 program based on the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test (p<0.05). RESULTS The expression of SEMA5A (optical density) was observed in the control group (Me = 103.43) and in the study group (G1, Me = 140.72; G2, Me = 150.88; G3, Me = 173.77). Differences in expression between each grade and control and between individual grades turned out to be statistically significant (p<0.01). The protein level of SEMA5A expression increased with the decreasing degree of endometrial cancer differentiation. CONCLUSION In our research, we indicated the overexpression of SEMA5A protein in endometrial cancer. It is a valuable starting point for further consideration of the role of SEMA5A as a new supplementary molecular marker in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Dziobek
- Center of Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Opławski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beniamin O Grabarek
- Center of Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland.,Katowice School of Technology, The University of Science and Art in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Nikola Zmarzły
- Katowice School of Technology, The University of Science and Art in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Januszyk
- Katowice School of Technology, The University of Science and Art in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Robert Kiełbasiński
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ward, Health Center in Mikołów, Mikołów, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Krakow, Poland.,Katowice School of Technology, The University of Science and Art in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Opole, Poland
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19
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Iragavarapu-Charyulu V, Wojcikiewicz E, Urdaneta A. Semaphorins in Angiogenesis and Autoimmune Diseases: Therapeutic Targets? Front Immunol 2020; 11:346. [PMID: 32210960 PMCID: PMC7066498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The axonal guidance molecules, semaphorins, have been described to function both physiologically and pathologically outside of the nervous system. In this review, we focus on the vertebrate semaphorins found in classes 3 through 7 and their roles in vascular development and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies indicate that while some of these vertebrate semaphorins promote angiogenesis, others have an angiostatic function. Since some semaphorins are also expressed by different immune cells and are known to modulate immune responses, they have been implicated in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. We conclude this review by addressing strategies targeting semaphorins as potential therapeutic agents for angiogenesis and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra Urdaneta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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20
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Endothelial Colony Forming Cells as an Autologous Model to Study Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133251. [PMID: 31269711 PMCID: PMC6651394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital heart defect, is associated with an increased prevalence of aortic dilation, aortic rupture and aortic valve calcification. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a major role in vessel wall integrity. Little is known regarding EC function in BAV patients due to lack of patient derived primary ECs. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) have been reported to be a valid surrogate model for several cardiovascular pathologies, thereby facilitating an in vitro system to assess patient-specific endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cellular functions in ECFCs isolated from BAV patients. Outgrowth and proliferation of ECFCs from patients with BAV (n = 34) and controls with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV, n = 10) were determined and related to patient characteristics. Interestingly, we were only able to generate ECFCs from TAV and BAV patients without aortic dilation, and failed to isolate ECFC colonies from patients with a dilated aorta. Analyzing EC function showed that while proliferation, cell size and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition were similar in TAV and BAV ECFCs, migration and the wound healing capacity of BAV ECFCs is significantly higher compared to TAV ECFCs. Furthermore, calcification is blunted in BAV compared to TAV ECFCs. Our results reveal ECs dysfunction in BAV patients and future research is required to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to further validate ECFCs as a patient-specific in vitro model for BAV.
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21
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Zhang H, Vreeken D, Bruikman CS, van Zonneveld AJ, van Gils JM. Understanding netrins and semaphorins in mature endothelial cell biology. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:1-10. [PMID: 30240825 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Netrins and semaphorins are known as neuronal guidance molecules that are important to the facilitate patterning of the nervous system in embryonic development. In recent years, their function has been broadened to guide development in other systems, including the vascular system, where netrins and semaphorins critically contribute to the development of the vascular system. Evidence is accumulating that these guidance cues are also of critical importance in the biology of the mature endothelium by regulating the maintenance of endothelial quiescence. Here we review our current insights into the roles of netrins and semaphorins in endothelial cell survival, self-renewing, barrier function, response to wall shear stress, and control of the vascular tone. We also provide suggestions for future research into the functions of netrins and semaphorins in mature endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dianne Vreeken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline S Bruikman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine M van Gils
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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22
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Nieuwenhuis B, Haenzi B, Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW. Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1339-1362. [PMID: 29446228 PMCID: PMC6055631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
| | | | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental Medicine142 20Prague 4Czech Republic
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23
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Development of the renal vasculature. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:132-146. [PMID: 29879472 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney vasculature has a unique and complex architecture that is central for the kidney to exert its multiple and essential physiological functions with the ultimate goal of maintaining homeostasis. An appropriate development and coordinated assembly of the different vascular cell types and their association with the corresponding nephrons is crucial for the generation of a functioning kidney. In this review we provide an overview of the renal vascular anatomy, histology, and current knowledge of the embryological origin and molecular pathways involved in its development. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in renal vascular development is the first step to advance the field of regenerative medicine.
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24
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Semaphorin 3C and Its Receptors in Cancer and Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020042. [PMID: 29642487 PMCID: PMC6027460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental programs are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Semaphorins are a large family of guidance cues that direct neuronal network formation and are also implicated in cancer. Semaphorins have two kinds of receptors, neuropilins and plexins. Besides their role in development, semaphorin signaling may promote or suppress tumors depending on their context. Sema3C is a secreted semaphorin that plays an important role in the maintenance of cancer stem-like cells, promotes migration and invasion, and may facilitate angiogenesis. Therapeutic strategies that inhibit Sema3C signaling may improve cancer control. This review will summarize the current research on the Sema3C pathway and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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25
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Tam KJ, Dalal K, Hsing M, Cheng CW, Khosravi S, Yenki P, Tse C, Peacock JW, Sharma A, Chiang YT, Wang Y, Cherkasov A, Rennie PS, Gleave ME, Ong CJ. Androgen receptor transcriptionally regulates semaphorin 3C in a GATA2-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9617-9633. [PMID: 28038451 PMCID: PMC5354758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and is central to prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Ligand-activated AR engages androgen response elements (AREs) at androgen-responsive genes to drive the expression of gene batteries involved in cell proliferation and cell fate. Understanding the transcriptional targets of the AR has become critical in apprehending the mechanisms driving treatment-resistant stages of PCa. Although AR transcription regulation has been extensively studied, the signaling networks downstream of AR are incompletely described. Semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) is a secreted signaling protein with roles in nervous system and cardiac development but can also drive cellular growth and invasive characteristics in multiple cancers including PCa. Despite numerous findings that implicate SEMA3C in cancer progression, regulatory mechanisms governing its expression remain largely unknown. Here we identify and characterize an androgen response element within the SEMA3C locus. Using the AR-positive LNCaP PCa cell line, we show that SEMA3C expression is driven by AR through this element and that AR-mediated expression of SEMA3C is dependent on the transcription factor GATA2. SEMA3C has been shown to promote cellular growth in certain cell types so implicit to our findings is the discovery of direct regulation of a growth factor by AR. We also show that FOXA1 is a negative regulator of SEMA3C. These findings identify SEMA3C as a novel target of AR, GATA2, and FOXA1 and expand our understanding of semaphorin signaling and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Tam
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kush Dalal
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Hsing
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chi Wing Cheng
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shahram Khosravi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parvin Yenki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charan Tse
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James W Peacock
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aishwariya Sharma
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yan Ting Chiang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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26
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Peacock JW, Takeuchi A, Hayashi N, Liu L, Tam KJ, Al Nakouzi N, Khazamipour N, Tombe T, Dejima T, Lee KC, Shiota M, Thaper D, Lee WC, Hui DH, Kuruma H, Ivanova L, Yenki P, Jiao IZ, Khosravi S, Mui ALF, Fazli L, Zoubeidi A, Daugaard M, Gleave ME, Ong CJ. SEMA3C drives cancer growth by transactivating multiple receptor tyrosine kinases via Plexin B1. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:219-238. [PMID: 29348142 PMCID: PMC5801490 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathway activation is a key mechanism for mediating cancer growth, survival, and treatment resistance. Cognate ligands play crucial roles in autocrine or paracrine stimulation of these RTK pathways. Here, we show SEMA3C drives activation of multiple RTKs including EGFR, ErbB2, and MET in a cognate ligand-independent manner via Plexin B1. SEMA3C expression levels increase in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), where it functions to promote cancer cell growth and resistance to androgen receptor pathway inhibition. SEMA3C inhibition delays CRPC and enzalutamide-resistant progression. Plexin B1 sema domain-containing:Fc fusion proteins suppress RTK signaling and cell growth and inhibit CRPC progression of LNCaP xenografts post-castration in vivo SEMA3C inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Peacock
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushi University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Hayashi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kevin J Tam
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Dejima
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushi University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kevin Ck Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushi University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daksh Thaper
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Parvin Yenki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ivy Zf Jiao
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Alice L-F Mui
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Lins MP, Silva ECO, Silva GR, Souza ST, Medeiros NC, Fonseca EJS, Smaniotto S. Association between biomechanical alterations and migratory ability of semaphorin-3A-treated thymocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:816-824. [PMID: 29305907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class 3 semaphorins are soluble proteins involved in cell adhesion and migration. Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) was initially shown to be involved in neuronal guidance, and it has also been reported to be associated with immune disorders. Both Sema3A and its receptors are expressed by most immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, and these proteins regulate cell function. Here, we studied the correlation between Sema3A-induced changes in biophysical parameters of thymocytes, and the subsequent repercussions on cell function. METHODS Thymocytes from mice were treated in vitro with Sema3A for 30min. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to assess cell morphology. Atomic force microscopy was performed to further evaluate cell morphology, membrane roughness, and elasticity. Flow cytometry and/or fluorescence microscopy were performed to assess the F-actin cytoskeleton and ROCK2. Cell adhesion to a bovine serum albumin substrate and transwell migration assays were used to assess cell migration. RESULTS Sema3A induced filopodia formation in thymocytes, increased membrane stiffness and roughness, and caused a cortical distribution of the cytoskeleton without changes in F-actin levels. Sema3A-treated thymocytes showed reduced substrate adhesion and migratory ability, without changes in cell viability. In addition, Sema3A was able to down-regulate ROCK2. CONCLUSIONS Sema3A promotes cytoskeletal rearrangement, leading to membrane modifications, including increased stiffness and roughness. This effect in turn affects the adhesion and migration of thymocytes, possibly due to a reduction in ROCK2 expression. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Sema3A treatment impairs thymocyte migration due to biomechanical alterations in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Lins
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - E C O Silva
- Grupo de Óptica e Nanoscopia (GON), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - G R Silva
- Grupo de Óptica e Nanoscopia (GON), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - S T Souza
- Grupo de Óptica e Nanoscopia (GON), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - N C Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - E J S Fonseca
- Grupo de Óptica e Nanoscopia (GON), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - S Smaniotto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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28
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Tam KJ, Hui DHF, Lee WW, Dong M, Tombe T, Jiao IZF, Khosravi S, Takeuchi A, Peacock JW, Ivanova L, Moskalev I, Gleave ME, Buttyan R, Cox ME, Ong CJ. Semaphorin 3 C drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, and stem-like characteristics in prostate cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11501. [PMID: 28904399 PMCID: PMC5597577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most commonly-occurring cancers worldwide and a leader in cancer-related deaths. Local non-invasive PCa is highly treatable but limited treatment options exist for those with locally-advanced and metastatic forms of the disease underscoring the need to identify mechanisms mediating PCa progression. The semaphorins are a large grouping of membrane-associated or secreted signalling proteins whose normal roles reside in embryogenesis and neuronal development. In this context, semaphorins help establish chemotactic gradients and direct cell movement. Various semaphorin family members have been found to be up- and down-regulated in a number of cancers. One family member, Semaphorin 3 C (SEMA3C), has been implicated in prostate, breast, ovarian, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancer as well as glioblastoma. Given SEMA3C's roles in development and its augmented expression in PCa, we hypothesized that SEMA3C promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem-like phenotypes in prostate cells. In the present study we show that ectopic expression of SEMA3C in RWPE-1 promotes the upregulation of EMT and stem markers, heightened sphere-formation, and cell plasticity. In addition, we show that SEMA3C promotes migration and invasion in vitro and cell dissemination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Tam
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Daniel H F Hui
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Wilson W Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mingshu Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Tabitha Tombe
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ivy Z F Jiao
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Shahram Khosravi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - James W Peacock
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Larissa Ivanova
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Igor Moskalev
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Michael E Cox
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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29
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Carrasco P, Zuazo-Gaztelu I, Casanovas O. Sprouting strategies and dead ends in anti-angiogenic targeting of NETs. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:R77-R91. [PMID: 28469004 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that arise from cells of the neuroendocrine system. NETs are characterized by being highly vascularized tumors that produce large amounts of proangiogenic factors. Due to their complexity and heterogeneity, progress in the development of successful therapeutic approaches has been limited. For instance, standard chemotherapy-based therapies have proven to be poorly selective for tumor cells and toxic for normal tissues. Considering the urge to develop an efficient therapy to treat NET patients, vascular targeting has been proposed as a new approach to block tumor growth. This review provides an update of the mechanisms regulating different components of vessels and their contribution to tumor progression in order to develop new therapeutic drugs. Following the description of classical anti-angiogenic therapies that target VEGF pathway, new angiogenic targets such as PDGFs, EGFs, FGFs and semaphorins are further explored. Based on recent research in the field, the combination of therapies that target multiple and different components of vessel formation would be the best approach to specifically target NETs and inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carrasco
- Tumor Angiogenesis GroupProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iratxe Zuazo-Gaztelu
- Tumor Angiogenesis GroupProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis GroupProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Anti-Obesity Effect of Bombus ignitus Queen Glycosaminoglycans in Rats on a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030681. [PMID: 28327528 PMCID: PMC5372691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of functional insect glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on obesity caused a high fat diet has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, insect glycosaminoglycans derived from Isaria sinclairii, Bombus ignitus (a type of bumblebee) queen, and Gryllus bimaculatus were purified and investigated as a potential functional food. 14-week old male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. There were five groups that received daily intraperitoneal administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, control), GbG (GAG from Gryllus bimaculatus) 10 mg/kg, ISG (GAG from Isaria sinclairii) 10 mg/kg, IQG (GAG from Bombus ignites) 10 mg/kg, or Pravastatin (2 mg/kg). All treatments were performed for one month. IQG produced a potential anti-inflammatory effect with the inhibition of c-reactive protein and sero-biochemical parameters of phospholipids and free fatty acids indicative of an anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Abdominal and epididymidal fat weight were reduced in conjunction with a mild increase in body weight. The level of laminin in HMVEC-C cells or fibronectin in HFD rat hepatocytes was significantly affected by these GAG treatments, which regulated adipogenesis and adipocyte function. Compared to the control rats, IQG-treated rats displayed up-regulation of 87 genes (test:control ratio >2.0) including fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, with the down-regulation of 47 genes including the uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferase 2 families, polypeptidase B, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. The data suggest that IQG could potentially prevent or treat fatty liver or hyperlipidemia.
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31
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Increased semaphorin 3c expression promotes tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:12-22. [PMID: 28315433 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by neural alterations and aberrant expression of neural-specific factors. Semaphorins have been recognized as key contributors in axon guidance, the immune response and tumor progression. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of Semaphorin 3c (sema3c) in tumorigenesis and metastasis in numerous types of cancer, however, the clinical significance of sema3c and its role in the growth and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. In this study, we found that aberrant sema3c expression was positively associated with a particular tumor stage and correlated with poor survival of PDAC patients. Knockdown of sema3c attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a pancreatic cancer cell line and reduced PDAC cell tumorigenesis upon xenotransplantation into NOD/SCID mice. Overexpression of sema3c produced the opposite effects and promoted the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway. Overall, our findings demonstrate that aberrant expression of sema3c is correlated with poor prognosis of PDAC patients and promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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32
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Toledano S, Lu H, Palacio A, Ziv K, Kessler O, Schaal S, Neufeld G, Barak Y. A Sema3C Mutant Resistant to Cleavage by Furin (FR-Sema3C) Inhibits Choroidal Neovascularization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168122. [PMID: 28036336 PMCID: PMC5201251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), abnormal sub retinal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of blindness. FR-sema3C is a point mutated form of semaphorin-3C that is resistant to cleavage by furin like pro-protein convertases (FPPC). We have found in previous work that FR-sema3C functions as an anti-angiogenic factor. In this study we investigated the possible use of FR-sema3C as an inhibitor of CNV. FR-sema3C inhibits VEGF as well as PDGF-BB signal transduction in endothelial cells and to less extent bFGF induced signal transduction using a mechanism that does not depend upon the binding of VEGF like the drugs that are currently the mainstay treatment for AMD. CNV was induced in eyes of C57 black mice by laser photocoagulation. Intravitreal injection of FR-Sema3C or aflibercept (VEGF-trap) was then used to inhibit CNV formation. Invading choroidal vessels were visualized a week later by injection of FITC-dextran into the circulation, followed by the measurement of the area of the invading blood vessels. Injection of 0.1 μg FR-Sema3C inhibited CNV by 55% (P<0.01) and was as effective as 5 μg aflibercept. FR-sema3C did not display any adverse effects on retinal function following its injection into eyes of healthy mice as assessed by optokinetic reflex (OKR) and Electro-retinogram (ERG) criteria. Furthermore, FR-sema3C did not induce apoptosis in the retina as determined by TUNEL nor was there any discernable structural damage to the retina as assessed by several immuno-histochemical criteria. Our results suggest that FR-sema3C could perhaps be used for the treatment of AMD, and that it may perhaps be of benefit to patients that do not respond well to current treatments relying on VEGF sequestering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Toledano
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Huayi Lu
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Agustina Palacio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Keren Ziv
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomit Schaal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (GN); (YB)
| | - Gera Neufeld
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail: (SS); (GN); (YB)
| | - Yoreh Barak
- Department of Ophthalmology, RAMBAM Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail: (SS); (GN); (YB)
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Komura D, Isagawa T, Kishi K, Suzuki R, Sato R, Tanaka M, Katoh H, Yamamoto S, Tatsuno K, Fukayama M, Aburatani H, Ishikawa S. CASTIN: a system for comprehensive analysis of cancer-stromal interactome. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:899. [PMID: 27829362 PMCID: PMC5103609 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer microenvironment plays a vital role in cancer development and progression, and cancer-stromal interactions have been recognized as important targets for cancer therapy. However, identifying relevant and druggable cancer-stromal interactions is challenging due to the lack of quantitative methods to analyze whole cancer-stromal interactome. RESULTS We present CASTIN (CAncer-STromal INteractome analysis), a novel framework for the evaluation of cancer-stromal interactome from RNA-Seq data using cancer xenograft models. For each ligand-receptor interaction which is derived from curated protein-protein interaction database, CASTIN summarizes gene expression profiles of cancer and stroma into three evaluation indices. These indices provide quantitative evaluation and comprehensive visualization of interactome, and thus enable to identify critical cancer-microenvironment interactions, which would be potential drug targets. We applied CASTIN to the dataset of pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma, and successfully characterized the individual cancer in terms of cancer-stromal relationships, and identified both well-known and less-characterized druggable interactions. CONCLUSIONS CASTIN provides comprehensive view of cancer-stromal interactome and is useful to identify critical interactions which may serve as potential drug targets in cancer-microenvironment. CASTIN is available at: http://github.com/tmd-gpat/CASTIN .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Komura
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kishi
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Information and Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Sato
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Neufeld G, Mumblat Y, Smolkin T, Toledano S, Nir-Zvi I, Ziv K, Kessler O. The role of the semaphorins in cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:652-674. [PMID: 27533782 PMCID: PMC5160032 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been implicated also in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, organ formation, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. The semaphorin family contains more then 20 genes divided into 7 subfamilies, all of which contain the signature sema domain. The semaphorins transduce signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin or plexin families. Additional receptors which form complexes with these primary semaphorin receptors are also frequently involved in semaphorin signaling. Recent evidence suggests that semaphorins also fulfill important roles in the etiology of multiple forms of cancer. Some semaphorins have been found to function as bona-fide tumor suppressors and to inhibit tumor progression by various mechanisms while other semaphorins function as inducers and promoters of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Neufeld
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Mumblat
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tatyana Smolkin
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Toledano
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Nir-Zvi
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keren Ziv
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Liu X, Uemura A, Fukushima Y, Yoshida Y, Hirashima M. Semaphorin 3G Provides a Repulsive Guidance Cue to Lymphatic Endothelial Cells via Neuropilin-2/PlexinD1. Cell Rep 2016; 17:2299-2311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lu Y, Xu Q, Chen L, Zuo Y, Liu S, Hu Y, Li X, Li Y, Zhao X. Expression of semaphorin 6D and its receptor plexin-A1 in gastric cancer and their association with tumor angiogenesis. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3967-3974. [PMID: 27895757 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The semaphorin and plexin family of ligands and receptor proteins provides important axon growth and guidance cues required for development. In recent years, studies have expanded their role in the regulation of cardiac morphogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism responsible for their role in regulating cancer development and progression has not been clarified. In the present study, semaphorin 6D (Sema6D) and its receptor plexin-A1 were identified to be expressed at high levels in vascular epithelial cells within gastric cancer, and were positively correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). These findings verify our hypothesis that Sema6D and plexin-A1 may be closely associated with tumor angiogenesis. Combined with experimental observations in the MGC803 gastric cancer cell line, it was observed that knocking down plexin-A1 signaling led to a decreased expression of VEGFR2 at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Sema6D recognized and activated plexin-A1, which subsequently activated its downstream target, VEGFR2. The activation of VEGFR2 functioned as a positive regulator of tumor angiogenesis. Our data provided an understanding of the complex signaling cascades involved in the angiogenesis-related pathway in tumor cells. In light of our observations, pharmacological interventions targeting Sema6D/plexin-A1/VEGFR2 signaling may potentially be used as a target for the development of novel anti-angiogenic drugs in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China; Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 266th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhen Zuo
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Shaochen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China; Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yatao Hu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China; Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Chengde City, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China; Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhao
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China; Department of General Surgery, The 266th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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Abstract
Secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3), which signal through plexin receptors and mostly use neuropilins (Nrps) as co-receptors, were initially identified for their ability to steer navigating axons in the developing embryo. They were later found to control angiogenesis in physiological and pathological settings as well (Serini et al, 2013). Indeed, the development of a novel and aberrant vasculature is central to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including cancer and vascular retinopathies (Goel et al, 2011). A large body of evidence demonstrates that in cancer, a massive regression of angiogenesis may trigger hypoxia-driven genetic programs, which in turn can overcome drug inhibitory mechanisms and ultimately favour cancer cell invasion and dissemination. Thus, an emerging concept in molecular medicine is to devise therapeutic strategies that, rather than simply inhibiting angiogenesis, can foster the re-establishment of a structural and functional normal network, a phenomenon often referred to as “vessel normalization” (Goel et al, 2011) (Fig 1). Of note, and in this context, Sema3A (Maione et al, 2009) and Sema3F (Wong et al, 2012) have been reported to favour the normalization of cancer vasculature and impair metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino and Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino and Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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Curreli S, Wong BS, Latinovic O, Konstantopoulos K, Stamatos NM. Class 3 semaphorins induce F-actin reorganization in human dendritic cells: Role in cell migration. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1323-1334. [PMID: 27406993 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a1114-534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Class 3 semaphorins (Semas) are soluble proteins that are well recognized for their role in guiding axonal migration during neuronal development. In the immune system, Sema3A has been shown to influence murine dendritic cell (DC) migration by signaling through a neuropilin (NRP)-1/plexin-A1 coreceptor axis. Potential roles for class 3 Semas in human DCs have yet to be described. We tested the hypothesis that Sema3A, -3C, and -3F, each with a unique NRP-1 and/or NRP-2 binding specificity, influence human DC migration. In this report, we find that although NRP-1 and NRP-2 are expressed in human immature DCs (imDCs), NRP-2 expression increases as cells mature further, whereas expression of NRP-1 declines dramatically. Elevated levels of RNA encoding plexin-A1 and -A3 are present in both imDCs and mature DC (mDCs), supporting the relevance of Sema/NRP/plexin signaling pathways in these cells. Sema3A, -3C, and -3F bind to human DCs, with Sema3F binding predominantly through NRP-2. The binding of these Semas leads to reorganization of actin filaments at the plasma membrane and increased transwell migration in the absence or presence of chemokine CCL19. Microfluidic chamber assays failed to demonstrate consistent changes in speed of Sema3C-treated DCs, suggesting increased cell deformability as a possible explanation for enhanced transwell migration. Although monocytes express RNA encoding Sema3A, -3C, and -3F, only RNA encoding Sema3C increases robustly during DC differentiation. These data suggest that Sema3A, -3C, and -3F, likely with coreceptors NRP-1, NRP-2, and plexin-A1 and/or -A3, promote migration and possibly other activities of human DCs during innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Curreli
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga Latinovic
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Nicholas M Stamatos
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; .,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and
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Binch ALA, Cole AA, Breakwell LM, Michael ALR, Chiverton N, Creemers LB, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL. Class 3 semaphorins expression and association with innervation and angiogenesis within the degenerate human intervertebral disc. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18338-54. [PMID: 26286962 PMCID: PMC4621894 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve and blood vessel ingrowth during intervertebral disc degeneration, is thought to be a major cause of low back pain, however the regulation of this process is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the expression and regulation of a subclass of axonal guidance molecules known as the class 3 semaphorins, and their receptors; plexins and neuropilins within human NP tissue and their regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly this determined whether semaphorin expression was associated with the presence of nerves and blood vessels in tissues from human intervertebral discs. The study demonstrated that semaphorin3A, 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F and their receptors were expressed by native NP cells and further demonstrated their expression was regulated by IL-1β but to a lesser extent by IL-6 and TNFα. This is the first study to identify sema3C, sema3D and their receptors within the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. Immunopositivity shows significant increases in semaphorin3C, 3D and their receptor neuropilin-2 in degenerate samples which were shown to contain nerves and blood vessels, compared to non-degenerate samples without nerves and blood vessels. Therefore data presented here suggests that semaphorin3C may have a role in promoting innervation and vascularisation during degeneration, which may go on to cause low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley A Cole
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lee M Breakwell
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neil Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Universitair Medisch Centrum, Orthopaedics Department, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alison K Cross
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester activates pro-apoptotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in ovarian cancer cells A2780 and A2780cis. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 413:189-98. [PMID: 26838168 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive pathology, displaying a poor prognosis and chemoresistance to classical therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on survival of ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 (sensitive to cisplatin) and A2780cis (resistant to cisplatin). MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability, while the apoptotic processes were examined by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. A reduction of cell proliferation and activation of the apoptosis was observed in both cell lines. qRT-PCR evaluation demonstrated the activation of the pro-apoptotic genes (BAD, CASP8, FAS, FADD, p53) in both cell lines. The limited therapeutic effect in A2780 cells is explained by the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes (ZEB1, ZEB2, or TGFBB1) as displayed by Ingenuity Network analysis. Overall data suggest that CAPE can be used as an alternative in sensitizing cells to chemotherapy.
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Kwiatkowski SC, Ojeda AF, Lwigale PY. PlexinD1 is required for proper patterning of the periocular vascular network and for the establishment of corneal avascularity during avian ocular development. Dev Biol 2016; 411:128-39. [PMID: 26783882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anterior eye is comprised of an avascular cornea surrounded by a dense periocular vascular network and therefore serves as an excellent model for angiogenesis. Although signaling through PlexinD1 underlies various vascular patterning events during embryonic development, its role during the formation of the periocular vascular network is yet to be determined. Our recent study showed that PlexinD1 mRNA is expressed by periocular angioblasts and blood vessels during ocular vasculogenesis in patterns that suggest its involvement with Sema3 ligands that are concurrently expressed in the anterior eye. In this study, we used in vivo knockdown experiments to determine the role of PlexinD1 during vascular patterning in the anterior eye of the developing avian embryos. Knockdown of PlexinD1 in the anterior eye caused mispatterning of the vascular network in the presumptive iris, which was accompanied by lose of vascular integrity and profuse hemorrhaging in the anterior chamber. We also observed ectopic vascularization of the cornea in PlexinD1 knockdown eyes, which coincided with the formation of the limbal vasculature in controls. Finally we show that Sema3E and Sema3C transcripts are expressed in ocular tissue that is devoid of vasculature. These results indicate that PlexinD1 plays a critical role during vascular patterning in the iris and limbus, and is essential for the establishment of corneal avascularity during development. We conclude that PlexinD1 is involved in vascular response to antiangiogenic Sema3 signaling that guides the formation of the iris and limbal blood vessels by inhibiting VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Kwiatkowski
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77025, United States
| | - Ana F Ojeda
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77025, United States
| | - Peter Y Lwigale
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77025, United States.
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Sema6A and Mical1 control cell growth and survival of BRAFV600E human melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2779-93. [PMID: 25576923 PMCID: PMC4413617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We used whole genome microarray analysis to identify potential candidate genes with differential expression in BRAFV600E vs NRASQ61R melanoma cells. We selected, for comparison, a peculiar model based on melanoma clones, isolated from a single tumor characterized by mutually exclusive expression of BRAFV600E and NRASQ61R in different cells. This effort led us to identify two genes, SEMA6A and MICAL1, highly expressed in BRAF-mutant vs NRAS-mutant clones. Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry confirmed preferential expression of Sema6A and Mical1 in BRAFV600E melanoma. Sema6A is a member of the semaphorin family, and it complexes with the plexins to regulate actin cytoskeleton, motility and cell proliferation. Silencing of Sema6A in BRAF-mutant cells caused cytoskeletal remodeling, and loss of stress fibers, that in turn induced cell death. Furthermore, Sema6A depletion caused loss of anchorage-independent growth, inhibition of chemotaxis and invasion. Forced Sema6A overexpression, in NRASQ61R clones, induced anchorage-independent growth, and a significant increase of invasiveness. Mical1, that links Sema/PlexinA signaling, is also a negative regulator of apoptosis. Indeed, Mical-1 depletion in BRAF mutant cells restored MST-1-dependent NDR phosphorylation and promoted a rapid and massive NDR-dependent apoptosis. Overall, our data suggest that Sema6A and Mical1 may represent new potential therapeutic targets in BRAFV600E melanoma.
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Cole-Healy Z, Vergani P, Hunter K, Brown NJ, Reed MW, Staton CA. The relationship between semaphorin 3C and microvessel density in the progression of breast and oral neoplasia. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Plein A, Calmont A, Fantin A, Denti L, Anderson NA, Scambler PJ, Ruhrberg C. Neural crest-derived SEMA3C activates endothelial NRP1 for cardiac outflow tract septation. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2661-76. [PMID: 26053665 DOI: 10.1172/jci79668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the outflow tract (OFT) of the developing heart septates into the base of the pulmonary artery and aorta to guide deoxygenated right ventricular blood into the lungs and oxygenated left ventricular blood into the systemic circulation. Accordingly, defective OFT septation is a life-threatening condition that can occur in both syndromic and nonsyndromic congenital heart disease. Even though studies of genetic mouse models have previously revealed a requirement for VEGF-A, the class 3 semaphorin SEMA3C, and their shared receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in OFT development, the precise mechanism by which these proteins orchestrate OFT septation is not yet understood. Here, we have analyzed a complementary set of ligand-specific and tissue-specific mouse mutants to show that neural crest-derived SEMA3C activates NRP1 in the OFT endothelium. Explant assays combined with gene-expression studies and lineage tracing further demonstrated that this signaling pathway promotes an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition that supplies cells to the endocardial cushions and repositions cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs) within the OFT, 2 processes that are essential for septal bridge formation. These findings elucidate a mechanism by which NCCs cooperate with endothelial cells in the developing OFT to enable the postnatal separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
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Vaitkienė P, Skiriutė D, Steponaitis G, Skauminas K, Tamašauskas A, Kazlauskas A. High level of Sema3C is associated with glioma malignancy. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:58. [PMID: 26032848 PMCID: PMC4450827 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant gliomas are characterized by the tendency of cancerous glial cells to infiltrate into normal brain tissue, thereby complicating targeted treatment of this type of cancer. Recent studies suggested involvement of Sema3C (semaphorin 3C) protein in tumorigenesis and metastasis in a number of cancers. The role of Sema3C in gliomagenesis is currently unclear. In this study, we investigated how expression levels of Sema3C in post-operative glioma tumors are associated with the malignancy grade and the survival of the patient. Findings Western blot analysis was used for detection of Sema3C protein levels in 84 different grade glioma samples: 12 grade I astrocytomas, 30 grade II astrocytomas, 17 grade III astrocytomas, and 25 grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastomas). Sema3C mRNA levels in gliomas were analysed by real-time PCR. Several statistical methods have been used to investigate associations between Sema3C protein and mRNA levels and clinical variables and survival outcome. The results demonstrated that protein levels of Sema3C were markedly increased in glioblastomas compared to grade I-III astrocytoma tissues and were significantly associated with the shorter overall survival of patients. High accumulation of Sema3C positively associated with the age of patients and pathological grade, but did not correlate with patient’s gender. Sema3C mRNA levels showed no association with either grade of glioma or patient survival. Conclusions The data presented in this work suggest that the increased levels of Sema3C protein may be associated with the progression of glioma tumor and has a potential as a prognostic marker for outcome of glioma patients. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1564066714158642 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0298-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vaitkienė
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania.
| | - Daina Skiriutė
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania.
| | - Giedrius Steponaitis
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania.
| | - Kęstutis Skauminas
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania.
| | - Arimantas Tamašauskas
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania.
| | - Arunas Kazlauskas
- Laboratory of Neurooncology and Genetics, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania.
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Jiang Q, Arnold S, Heanue T, Kilambi K, Doan B, Kapoor A, Ling A, Sosa M, Guy M, Jiang Q, Burzynski G, West K, Bessling S, Griseri P, Amiel J, Fernandez R, Verheij J, Hofstra R, Borrego S, Lyonnet S, Ceccherini I, Gray J, Pachnis V, McCallion A, Chakravarti A. Functional loss of semaphorin 3C and/or semaphorin 3D and their epistatic interaction with ret are critical to Hirschsprung disease liability. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:581-96. [PMID: 25839327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innervation of the gut is segmentally lost in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), a consequence of cell-autonomous and non-autonomous defects in enteric neuronal cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, or survival. Rare, high-penetrance coding variants and common, low-penetrance non-coding variants in 13 genes are known to underlie HSCR risk, with the most frequent variants in the ret proto-oncogene (RET). We used a genome-wide association (220 trios) and replication (429 trios) study to reveal a second non-coding variant distal to RET and a non-coding allele on chromosome 7 within the class 3 Semaphorin gene cluster. Analysis in Ret wild-type and Ret-null mice demonstrates specific expression of Sema3a, Sema3c, and Sema3d in the enteric nervous system (ENS). In zebrafish embryos, sema3 knockdowns show reduction of migratory ENS precursors with complete ablation under conjoint ret loss of function. Seven candidate receptors of Sema3 proteins are also expressed within the mouse ENS and their expression is also lost in the ENS of Ret-null embryos. Sequencing of SEMA3A, SEMA3C, and SEMA3D in 254 HSCR-affected subjects followed by in silico protein structure modeling and functional analyses identified five disease-associated alleles with loss-of-function defects in semaphorin dimerization and binding to their cognate neuropilin and plexin receptors. Thus, semaphorin 3C/3D signaling is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of ENS development whose dys-regulation is a cause of enteric aganglionosis.
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Abstract
Semaphorins were originally identified as neuronal guidance molecules mediating their attractive or repulsive signals by forming complexes with plexin and neuropilin receptors. Subsequent research has identified functions for semaphorin signaling in many organs and tissues outside of the nervous system. Vital roles for semaphorin signaling in vascular patterning and cardiac morphogenesis have been demonstrated, and impaired semaphorin signaling has been associated with various human cardiovascular disorders, including persistent truncus arteriosus, sinus bradycardia and anomalous pulmonary venous connections. Here, we review the functions of semaphorins and their receptors in cardiovascular development and disease and highlight important recent discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cardiovascular Institute and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, and the National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore.
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Liu W, Li J, Liu M, Zhang H, Wang N. PPAR-γ Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration By Inducing the Expression of Sema3g. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:514-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences; Ministry of Education; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing China
| | - Jingjin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences; Ministry of Education; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing China
- Department of Cardiology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences; Ministry of Education; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences; Ministry of Education; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences; Ministry of Education; Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing China
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Mecollari V, Nieuwenhuis B, Verhaagen J. A perspective on the role of class III semaphorin signaling in central nervous system trauma. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:328. [PMID: 25386118 PMCID: PMC4209881 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) has severe impact on the patients’ quality of life and initiates many molecular and cellular changes at the site of insult. Traumatic CNS injury results in direct damage of the axons of CNS neurons, loss of myelin sheaths, destruction of the surrounding vascular architecture and initiation of an immune response. Class III semaphorins (SEMA3s) are present in the neural scar and influence a wide range of molecules and cell types in and surrounding the injured tissue. SEMA3s and their receptors, neuropilins (NRPs) and plexins (PLXNs) were initially studied because of their involvement in repulsive axon guidance. To date, SEMA3 signaling is recognized to be of crucial importance for re-vascularization, the immune response and remyelination. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss how SEMA3s modulate these processes that are all crucial components of the tissue response to injury. Most of the functions for SEMA3s are achieved through their binding partners NRPs, which are also co-receptors for a variety of other molecules implicated in the above processes. The most notable ligands are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and the transforming growth factor family. Therefore, a second aim is to highlight the overlapping or competing signaling pathways that are mediated through NRPs in the same processes. In conclusion, we show that the role of SEMA3s goes beyond inhibiting axonal regeneration, since they are also critical modulators of re-vascularization, the immune response and re-myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Mecollari
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Nieuwenhuis
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Papa A, Caruso D, Tomao S, Rossi L, Zaccarelli E, Tomao F. Triple-negative breast cancer: investigating potential molecular therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:55-75. [PMID: 25307277 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.970176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up about 10 - 20% of all breast cancers and the lack of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/Neu expression is responsible for poor prognosis, no targeted therapies and trouble in the clinical management. Tumor heterogeneity, also within the same tumor, is a major cause for this difficulty. Based on the introduction of new biological drugs against different kinds of tumor, many efforts have been made for classification of genetic alterations present in TNBC, leading to the identification of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis. AREAS COVERED In this review we investigated the molecular alteration present in TNBC which could lead to the creation of new targeted therapies in the future, with the aim to counteract this disease in the most effective way. EXPERT OPINION In this context some hormone receptors like G-protein-coupled receptor 30 and androgen receptors may be a fascinating area to investigate; also, angiogenesis, represented not only by the classical VEGF/VEGFR relationship, but also by other molecules, like semaphorins, fibroblast growth factor and heparin-binding-EGF-like, is a mechanism in which new developments are expected. In this perspective, one technique that may show promise is the gene therapy; in particular the gene transfer could correct abnormal genetic function in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Papa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Oncology Unit - ICOT, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, Department of medico-surgical sciences and biotechnologies , Latina , Italy +3907736513342 ;
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