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Benucci B, Spinello Z, Calvaresi V, Viviani V, Perrotta A, Faleri A, Utrio Lanfaloni S, Pansegrau W, d’Alterio L, Bartolini E, Pinzuti I, Sampieri K, Giordano A, Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Masignani V, Norais N, Maione D, Merola M. Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) binds human Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 with high affinity and promotes bacterial adhesion/invasion. mBio 2024; 15:e0110724. [PMID: 39041817 PMCID: PMC11323535 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01107-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) is a meningococcal surface protein included as recombinant antigen in 4CMenB, a protein-based vaccine able to induce protective immune responses against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB). Although NadA is involved in the adhesion/invasion of epithelial cells and human myeloid cells, its function in meningococcal physiology is still poorly understood. To clarify the role played by NadA in the host-pathogen interaction, we sought to identify its cellular receptors. We screened a protein microarray encompassing 2,846 human and 297 mouse surface/secreted recombinant proteins using recombinant NadA as probe. Efficient NadA binding was revealed on the paired sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins receptors 5 and 14 (Siglec-5 and Siglec-14), but not on Siglec-9 therein used as control. The interaction was confirmed by biochemical tools with the determination of the KD value in the order of nanomolar and the identification of the NadA binding site by hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry. The N-terminal domain of the Siglec-5 that recognizes the sialic acid was identified as the NadA binding domain. Intriguingly, exogenously added recombinant soluble Siglecs, including Siglec-9, were found to decorate N. meningitidis surface in a NadA-dependent manner. However, Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 transiently expressed in CHO-K1 cells endorsed NadA binding and increased N. meningitidis adhesion/invasion while Siglec-9 did not. Taken together, Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 satisfy all features of NadA receptors suggesting a possible role of NadA in the acute meningococcal infection.IMPORTANCEBacteria have developed several strategies for cell colonization and immune evasion. Knowledge of the host and pathogen factors involved in these mechanisms is crucial to build efficacious countermoves. Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) is a meningococcal surface protein included in the anti-meningococcus B vaccine 4CMenB, which mediates adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells. Although NadA has been shown to bind to other cell types, like myeloid and endothelial cells, it still remains orphan of a defined host receptor. We have identified two strong NadA interactors, Siglec-5 and Siglec-14, which are mainly expressed on myeloid cells. This showcases that NadA is an additional and key player among the Neisseria meningitidis factors targeting immune cells. We thus provide novel insights on the strategies exploited by N. meningitidis during the infection process, which can progress to a severe illness and death.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Bacterial Adhesion
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Protein Binding
- Mice
- CHO Cells
- Cricetulus
- Neisseria meningitidis/genetics
- Neisseria meningitidis/metabolism
- Neisseria meningitidis/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/metabolism
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/microbiology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Meningococcal Infections/microbiology
- Meningococcal Infections/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/genetics
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/immunology
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valeria Calvaresi
- GSK, Siena, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcello Merola
- GSK, Siena, Italy
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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2
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Cardenas AJ, Thomas KS, Broden MW, Ferraro NJ, Pires MM, John CM, Jarvis GA, Criss AK. Neisseria gonorrhoeae scavenges host sialic acid for Siglec-mediated, complement-independent suppression of neutrophil activation. mBio 2024; 15:e0011924. [PMID: 38587424 PMCID: PMC11078009 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00119-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc), is characterized by neutrophilic influx to infection sites. Gc has developed mechanisms to resist killing by neutrophils that include modifications to its surface lipooligosaccharide (LOS). One such LOS modification is sialylation: Gc sialylates its terminal LOS sugars with cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid, which is scavenged from the host using LOS sialyltransferase (Lst) since Gc cannot make its sialic acid. Sialylation enables sensitive strains of Gc to resist complement-mediated killing in a serum-dependent manner. However, little is known about the contribution of sialylation to complement-independent, direct Gc-neutrophil interactions. In the absence of complement, we found sialylated Gc expressing opacity-associated (Opa) proteins decreased the oxidative burst and granule exocytosis from primary human neutrophils. In addition, sialylated Opa+ Gc survived better than vehicle treated or Δlst Gc when challenged with neutrophils. However, Gc sialylation did not significantly affect Opa-dependent association with or internalization of Gc by neutrophils. Previous studies have implicated sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) in modulating neutrophil interactions with sialylated Gc. Blocking neutrophil Siglecs with antibodies that bind to their extracellular domains eliminated the ability of sialylated Opa+ Gc to suppress the oxidative burst and resist neutrophil killing. These findings highlight a new role for sialylation in Gc evasion of human innate immunity, with implications for the development of vaccines and therapeutics for gonorrhea. IMPORTANCE Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium that causes gonorrhea, is an urgent global health concern due to increasing infection rates, widespread antibiotic resistance, and its ability to thwart protective immune responses. The mechanisms by which Gc subverts protective immune responses remain poorly characterized. One way N. gonorrhoeae evades human immunity is by adding sialic acid that is scavenged from the host onto its lipooligosaccharide, using the sialyltransferase Lst. Here, we found that sialylation enhances N. gonorrhoeae survival from neutrophil assault and inhibits neutrophil activation, independently of the complement system. Our results implicate bacterial binding of sialic acid-binding lectins (Siglecs) on the neutrophil surface, which dampens neutrophil antimicrobial responses. This work identifies a new role for sialylation in protecting N. gonorrhoeae from cellular innate immunity, which can be targeted to enhance the human immune response in gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaris J. Cardenas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Keena S. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mary W. Broden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Noel J. Ferraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Constance M. John
- VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gary A. Jarvis
- VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alison K. Criss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Yu Y, Chen H. Human pangenome: far-reaching implications in precision medicine. Front Med 2024; 18:403-409. [PMID: 38157192 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Yu
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Shuguang Lab for Future Health, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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4
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Wißfeld J, Abou Assale T, Cuevas-Rios G, Liao H, Neumann H. Therapeutic potential to target sialylation and SIGLECs in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1330874. [PMID: 38529039 PMCID: PMC10961342 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, commonly found as the terminal carbohydrate on the glycocalyx of mammalian cells, are pivotal checkpoint inhibitors of the innate immune system, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) expressed on microglia are key players in maintaining microglial homeostasis by recognizing intact sialylation. The finely balanced sialic acid-SIGLEC system ensures the prevention of excessive and detrimental immune responses in the CNS. However, loss of sialylation and SIGLEC receptor dysfunctions contribute to several chronic CNS diseases. Genetic variants of SIGLEC3/CD33, SIGLEC11, and SIGLEC14 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, while sialyltransferase ST8SIA2 and SIGLEC4/MAG have been linked to psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Consequently, immune-modulatory functions of polysialic acids and SIGLEC binding antibodies have been exploited experimentally in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and inflammation-induced CNS tissue damage, including retinal damage. While the potential of these therapeutic approaches is evident, only a few therapies to target either sialylation or SIGLEC receptors have been tested in patient clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the critical role played by the sialic acid-SIGLEC axis in shaping microglial activation and function within the context of neurodegeneration and synaptopathies and discuss the current landscape of therapies that target sialylation or SIGLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tawfik Abou Assale
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - German Cuevas-Rios
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Cardenas AJ, Thomas KS, Broden MW, Ferraro NJ, John CM, Pires MM, Jarvis GA, Criss AK. Neisseria gonorrhoeae scavenges host sialic acid for Siglec-mediated, complement-independent suppression of neutrophil activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576097. [PMID: 38293026 PMCID: PMC10827150 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc), is characterized by neutrophil influx to infection sites. Gc has developed mechanisms to resist killing by neutrophils that include modifications to its surface lipooligosaccharide (LOS). One such LOS modification is sialylation: Gc sialylates its terminal LOS sugars with cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) scavenged from the host using LOS sialyltransferase (Lst), since Gc cannot make its own sialic acid. Sialylation enables sensitive strains of Gc to resist complement-mediated killing in a serum-dependent manner. However, little is known about the contribution of sialylation to complement-independent, direct Gc-neutrophil interactions. In the absence of complement, we found sialylated Gc expressing opacity-associated (Opa) proteins decreased the oxidative burst and granule exocytosis from primary human neutrophils. In addition, sialylated Opa+ Gc survived better than vehicle treated or Δlst Gc when challenged with neutrophils. However, Gc sialylation did not significantly affect Opa-dependent association with or internalization of Gc by neutrophils. Previous studies have implicated sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) in modulating neutrophil interactions with sialylated Gc. Blocking neutrophil Siglecs with antibodies that bind to their extracellular domains eliminated the ability of sialylated Opa+ Gc to suppress oxidative burst and resist neutrophil killing. These findings highlight a new role for sialylation in Gc evasion of human innate immunity, with implications for the development of vaccines and therapeutics for gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaris J Cardenas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Keena S. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mary W. Broden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Noel J. Ferraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Constance M. John
- VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gary A. Jarvis
- VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison K. Criss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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6
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Bouti P, Blans C, Klein BJAM, Shome D, Nadafi R, Van Houdt M, Schornagel K, Verkuijlen PJJH, Roos V, Reijmers RM, Van Bruggen R, Kuijpers TW, Matlung HL. SIGLEC-5/14 Inhibits CD11b/CD18 Integrin Activation and Neutrophil-Mediated Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17141. [PMID: 38138970 PMCID: PMC10742634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the successful introduction of checkpoint inhibitors targeting the adaptive immune system, monoclonal antibodies inhibiting CD47-SIRPα interaction have shown promise in enhancing anti-tumor treatment efficacy. Apart from SIRPα, neutrophils express a broad repertoire of inhibitory receptors, including several members of the sialic acid-binding receptor (SIGLEC) family. Here, we demonstrate that interaction between tumor cell-expressed sialic acids and SIGLEC-5/14 on neutrophils inhibits antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We observed that conjugate formation and trogocytosis, both essential processes for neutrophil ADCC, were limited by the sialic acid-SIGLEC-5/14 interaction. During neutrophil-tumor cell conjugate formation, we found that inhibition of the interaction between tumor-expressed sialic acids and SIGLEC-5/14 on neutrophils increased the CD11b/CD18 high affinity conformation. By dynamic acoustic force measurement, the binding between tumor cells and neutrophils was assessed. The interaction between SIGLEC-5/14 and the sialic acids was shown to inhibit the CD11b/CD18-regulated binding between neutrophils and antibody-opsonized tumor cells. Moreover, the interaction between sialic acids and SIGLEC-5/14-consequently hindered trogocytosis and tumor cell killing. In summary, our results provide evidence that the sialic acid-SIGLEC-5/14 interaction is an additional target for innate checkpoint blockade in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Blans
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. M. Klein
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debarati Shome
- LUMICKS, Paalbergweg 3, 1105 AG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Nadafi
- LUMICKS, Paalbergweg 3, 1105 AG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Van Houdt
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Schornagel
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. J. H. Verkuijlen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Roos
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robin Van Bruggen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanke L. Matlung
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Schaid DJ, Warner ND, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Genome-wide determinants of cellular immune responses to mumps vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:6579-6588. [PMID: 37778899 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously described genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes that are associated with inter-individual variations in antibody responses to mumps vaccination. To expand upon our previous work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover host genetic variants associated with mumps vaccine-induced cellular immune responses. METHODS We performed a GWAS of mumps-specific immune response outcomes (11 secreted cytokines/chemokines) in a cohort of 1,406 subjects. RESULTS Among the 11 cytokine/chemokines we studied, four (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, and TNFα) demonstrated GWAS signals reaching genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10-8). A genomic region (encoding Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins/SIGLEC) located on chromosome 19q13 (p < 5 × 10-8) was associated with both IL-1β and TNFα responses. The SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 region contained 11 statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the intronic SIGLEC5 rs872629 (p = 1.3E-11) and rs1106476 (p = 1.32E-11) whose alternate alleles were significantly associated with decreased levels of mumps-specific IL-1β (rs872629, p = 1.77E-09; rs1106476, p = 1.78E-09) and TNFα (rs872629, p = 1.3E-11; rs1106476, p = 1.32E-11) production. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SNPs in the SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 genes play a role in cellular and inflammatory immune responses to mumps vaccination. These findings motivate further research into the functional roles of SIGLEC genes in the regulation of mumps vaccine-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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8
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Ye Z, Wang Y, Xiang B, Wang H, Tao H, Zhang C, Zhang S, Sun D, Luo F, Song L. Roles of the Siglec family in bone and bone homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115064. [PMID: 37413904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been seen in the study of the role of sialic acid binding im-munoglobulin type lectins (Siglecs) in osteoimmunology in the past two decades. Interest in Siglecs as immune checkpoints has grown from the recognition that Siglecs have relevance to human disease. Siglecs play important roles in inflammation and cancer, and play key roles in immune cell signaling. By recognizing common sialic acid containing glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids as regulatory receptors for immune cell signals, Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and play important roles in normal homeostasis and self-tolerance. In this review, we describe the role that the siglec family plays in bone and bone homeostasis, including the regulation of osteoclast differentiation as well as recent advances in inflammation, cancer and osteoporosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the relevant functions of Siglecs in self-tolerance and as pattern recognition receptors in immune responses, thereby potentially providing emerging strategies for the treatment of bone related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- The Fourth Corps of Students of the Basic Medical College, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yetong Wang
- The Fourth Corps of Students of the Basic Medical College, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Binqing Xiang
- Department of Surgical Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Army Border Defense 331st Brigade, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chengmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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9
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Chen Y, Chen H, Zheng Q. Siglecs family used by pathogens for immune escape may engaged in immune tolerance in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:104127. [PMID: 37572430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The Siglecs family is a group of type I sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors that regulate cellular signaling by recognizing sialic acid epitopes. Siglecs are predominantly expressed on the surface of leukocytes, where they play a crucial role in regulating immune activity. Pathogens can exploit inhibitory Siglecs by utilizing their sialic acid components to promote invasion or suppress immune functions, facilitating immune evasion. The establishing of an immune-balanced maternal-fetal interface microenvironment is essential for a successful pregnancy. Dysfunctional immune cells may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Siglecs are important for inducing a phenotypic switch in leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface toward a less toxic and more tolerant phenotype. Recent discoveries regarding Siglecs in the reproductive system have drawn further attention to their potential roles in reproduction. In this review, we primarily discuss the latest advances in understanding the impact of Siglecs as immune regulators on infections and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518033, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518033, PR China
| | - Qingliang Zheng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518033, PR China.
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10
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Vaill M, Kawanishi K, Varki N, Gagneux P, Varki A. Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2171-2229. [PMID: 36603157 PMCID: PMC10151058 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogeny is a classic term encompassing transdisciplinary investigations of the origins of the human species. Comparative anthropogeny is a systematic comparison of humans and other living nonhuman hominids (so-called "great apes"), aiming to identify distinctly human features in health and disease, with the overall goal of explaining human origins. We begin with a historical perspective, briefly describing how the field progressed from the earliest evolutionary insights to the current emphasis on in-depth molecular and genomic investigations of "human-specific" biology and an increased appreciation for cultural impacts on human biology. While many such genetic differences between humans and other hominids have been revealed over the last two decades, this information remains insufficient to explain the most distinctive phenotypic traits distinguishing humans from other living hominids. Here we undertake a complementary approach of "comparative physiological anthropogeny," along the lines of the preclinical medical curriculum, i.e., beginning with anatomy and considering each physiological system and in each case considering genetic and molecular components that are relevant. What is ultimately needed is a systematic comparative approach at all levels from molecular to physiological to sociocultural, building networks of related information, drawing inferences, and generating testable hypotheses. The concluding section will touch on distinctive considerations in the study of human evolution, including the importance of gene-culture interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaill
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nissi Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ajit Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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11
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Greene MK, Scott CJ. Carbon nanotubes activate inflammatory signalling through binding to Siglec-14. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01420-4. [PMID: 37316701 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Greene
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Aviceda Glycotech, Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Aviceda Glycotech, Belfast, UK.
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12
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Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Schaid DJ, Warner ND, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Genome-Wide Determinants of Cellular Immune Responses to Mumps Vaccine. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.27.23289213. [PMID: 37205333 PMCID: PMC10187346 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.23289213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background We have previously described genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes that are associated with inter-individual variations in antibody responses to mumps vaccination. To expand upon our previous work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover host genetic variants associated with mumps vaccine-induced cellular immune responses. Methods We performed a GWAS of mumps-specific immune response outcomes (11 secreted cytokines/chemokines) in a cohort of 1,406 subjects. Results Among the 11 cytokine/chemokines we studied, four (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, and TNFα) demonstrated GWAS signals reaching genome-wide significance (p<5 x 10 -8 ). A genomic region (encoding Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins/SIGLEC) located on chromosome 19q13 (p<5×10 -8 ) was associated with both IL-1β and TNFα responses. The SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 region contained 11 statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the intronic SIGLEC5 rs872629 (p=1.3E-11) and rs1106476 (p=1.32E-11) whose alternate alleles were significantly associated with decreased levels of mumps-specific IL-1β (rs872629, p=1.77E-09; rs1106476, p=1.78E-09) and TNFα (rs872629, p=1.3E-11; rs1106476, p=1.32E-11) production. Conclusions Our results suggest that SNPs in the SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 genes play a role in cellular and inflammatory immune responses to mumps vaccination. These findings motivate further research into the functional roles of SIGLEC genes in the regulation of mumps vaccine-induced immunity.
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13
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Yamaguchi SI, Xie Q, Ito F, Terao K, Kato Y, Kuroiwa M, Omori S, Taniura H, Kinoshita K, Takahashi T, Toyokuni S, Kasahara K, Nakayama M. Carbon nanotube recognition by human Siglec-14 provokes inflammation. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01363-w. [PMID: 37024598 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the design and development of innovative carbon nanotube (CNT)-based tools and applications, an understanding of the molecular interactions between CNTs and biological systems is essential. In this study, a three-dimensional protein-structure-based in silico screen identified the paired immune receptors, sialic acid immunoglobulin-like binding lectin-5 (Siglec-5) and Siglec-14, as CNT-recognizing receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations showed the spatiotemporally stable association of aromatic residues on the extracellular loop of Siglec-5 with CNTs. Siglec-14 mediated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-dependent phagocytosis of multiwalled CNTs and the subsequent secretion of interleukin-1β from human monocytes. Ectopic in vivo expression of human Siglec-14 on mouse alveolar macrophages resulted in enhanced recognition of multiwalled CNTs and exacerbated pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, fostamatinib, a Syk inhibitor, blocked Siglec-14-mediated proinflammatory responses. These results indicate that Siglec-14 is a human activating receptor recognizing CNTs and that blockade of Siglec-14 and the Syk pathway may overcome CNT-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Qilin Xie
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
- Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Terao
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kato
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Miki Kuroiwa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Omori
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideo Taniura
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of In Silico Analyses, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kota Kasahara
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan.
- Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan.
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14
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Raïch-Regué D, Resa-Infante P, Gallemí M, Laguia F, Muñiz-Trabudua X, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Perez-Zsolt D, Chojnacki J, Benet S, Clotet B, Martinez-Picado J, Izquierdo-Useros N. Role of Siglecs in viral infections: A double-edged sword interaction. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101113. [PMID: 35981912 PMCID: PMC9923124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are cell surface immune receptors known as Siglecs that play a paramount role as modulators of immunity. In recent years, research has underscored how the underlaying biology of this family of receptors influences the outcome of viral infections. While Siglecs are needed to promote effective antiviral immune responses, they can also pave the way to viral dissemination within tissues. Here, we review how recent preclinical findings focusing on the interplay between Siglecs and viruses may translate into promising broad-spectrum therapeutic interventions or key biomarkers to monitor the course of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Patricia Resa-Infante
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Laguia
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Xabier Muñiz-Trabudua
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jakub Chojnacki
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Susana Benet
- Fundació lluita contra la SIDA, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Fundació lluita contra la SIDA, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Angata T, Varki A. Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101117. [PMID: 35989204 PMCID: PMC9905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily proteins play diverse roles in vertebrates, including regulation of cellular responses by sensing endogenous or exogenous ligands. Siglecs are a family of glycan-recognizing proteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (i.e., I-type lectins). Siglecs are expressed on various leukocyte types and are involved in diverse aspects of immunity, including the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte proliferation, host-microbe interaction, and cancer immunity. Sialoadhesin/Siglec-1, CD22/Siglec-2, and myelin-associated glycoprotein/Siglec-4 were among the first to be characterized as members of the Siglec family, and along with Siglec-15, they are relatively well-conserved among tetrapods. Conversely, CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs, so named as they show high sequence similarity with CD33/Siglec-3) are encoded in a gene cluster with many interspecies variations and even intraspecies variations within some lineages such as humans. The rapid evolution of CD33rSiglecs expressed on leukocytes involved in innate immunity likely reflects the selective pressure by pathogens that interact and possibly exploit these Siglecs. Human Siglecs have several additional unique and/or polymorphic properties as compared with closely related great apes, changes possibly related to the loss of the sialic acid Neu5Gc, another distinctly human event in sialobiology. Multiple changes in human CD33rSiglecs compared to great apes include many examples of human-specific expression in non-immune cells, coinciding with human-specific diseases involving such cell types. Some Siglec gene polymorphisms have dual consequences-beneficial in a situation but detrimental in another. The association of human Siglec gene polymorphisms with several infectious and non-infectious diseases likely reflects the ongoing competition between the host and microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Siew JJ, Chern Y, Khoo KH, Angata T. Roles of Siglecs in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101141. [PMID: 36089405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) with a unique developmental origin, playing essential roles in developing and maintaining the CNS environment. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, through the modulation of neuroinflammation. Several members of the Siglec family of sialic acid recognition proteins are expressed on microglia. Since the discovery of the genetic association between a polymorphism in the CD33 gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease, significant efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the association between the polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed additional potential associations between Siglecs and Alzheimer's disease, implying that the reduced signal from inhibitory Siglec may have an overall protective effect in lowering the disease risk. Evidences suggesting the involvement of Siglecs in other neurodegenerative diseases are also emerging. These findings could help us predict the roles of Siglecs in other neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the functionally relevant Siglec ligands in the brain, which represents a new frontier. Understanding how microglial Siglecs and their ligands in CNS contribute to the regulation of CNS homeostasis and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases may provide us with a new avenue for disease prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing Siew
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Tamoxifen Modulates the Immune Landscape of the Tumour Microenvironment: The Paired Siglec-5/14 Checkpoint in Anti-Tumour Immunity in an In Vitro Model of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065512. [PMID: 36982588 PMCID: PMC10057974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the role of sialome–Siglec axis has been described as a regulatory checkpoint of immune homeostasis, the promotion of stimulatory or inhibitory Siglec-related mechanisms is crucial in cancer progression and therapy. Here, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen on the sialic acid–Siglec interplay and its significance in immune conversion in breast cancer. To mimic the tumour microenvironment, we used oestrogen-dependent or oestrogen-independent breast cancer cells/THP-1 monocytes transwell co-cultures exposed to tamoxifen and/or β-estradiol. We found changes in the cytokine profiles accompanied by immune phenotype switching, as measured by the expression of arginase-1. The immunomodulatory effects of tamoxifen in THP-1 cells occurred with the altered SIGLEC5 and SIGLEC14 genes and the expression of their products, as confirmed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Additionally, exposure to tamoxifen increased the binding of Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 fusion proteins to breast cancer cells; however, these effects appeared to be unassociated with oestrogen dependency. Our results suggest that tamoxifen-induced alterations in the immune activity of breast cancer reflect a crosstalk between the Siglec-expressing cells and the tumour’s sialome. Given the distribution of Siglec-5/14, the expression profile of inhibitory and activatory Siglecs in breast cancer patients may be useful in the verification of therapeutic strategies and predicting the tumour’s behaviour and the patient’s overall survival.
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18
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Validation of disease-specific biomarkers for the early detection of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:625-632. [PMID: 35595912 PMCID: PMC9988689 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate and validate the improvement of current risk stratification for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) early after birth by plasma protein markers (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 14 (SIGLEC-14), basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), angiopoietin-like 3 protein (ANGPTL-3)) in extremely premature infants. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteome screening in first-week-of-life plasma samples of n = 52 preterm infants <32 weeks gestational age (GA) on two proteomic platforms (SomaLogic®, Olink-Proteomics®) confirmed three biomarkers with significant predictive power: BCAM, SIGLEC-14, and ANGPTL-3. We demonstrate high sensitivity (0.92) and specificity (0.86) under consideration of GA, show the proteins' critical contribution to the predictive power of known clinical risk factors, e.g., birth weight and GA, and predicted the duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, as well as neonatal intensive care stay. We confirmed significant predictive power for BPD cases when switching to a clinically applicable method (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in an independent sample set (n = 25, p < 0.001) and demonstrated disease specificity in different cohorts of neonatal and adult lung disease. CONCLUSION While successfully addressing typical challenges of clinical biomarker studies, we demonstrated the potential of BCAM, SIGLEC-14, and ANGPTL-3 to inform future clinical decision making in the preterm infant at risk for BPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Deutsches Register Klinische Studien (DRKS) No. 00004600; https://www.drks.de . IMPACT The urgent need for biomarkers that enable early decision making and personalized monitoring strategies in preterm infants with BPD is challenged by targeted marker analyses, cohort size, and disease heterogeneity. We demonstrate the potential of the plasma proteins BCAM, SIGLEC-14, and ANGPTL-3 to identify infants with BPD early after birth while improving the predictive power of clinical variables, confirming the robustness toward proteome assays and proving disease specificity. Our comprehensive analysis enables a phase-III clinical trial that allows full implementation of the biomarkers into clinical routine to enable early risk stratification in preterms with BPD.
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19
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Huang R, Zheng J, Shao Y, Zhu L, Yang T. Siglec-15 as multifunctional molecule involved in osteoclast differentiation, cancer immunity and microbial infection. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:34-41. [PMID: 36265694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-15 is a highly conserved member of the Siglec family, expressed on osteoclasts, a subset of myeloid cells and some cancer cells. Except for regulating osteoclast differentiation, Siglec-15 engages in immunoregulation as an immune suppressor. Siglec-15 functions as an immunosuppressive molecule in tumor-associated macrophage-mediated T cell immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which makes Siglec-15 to be an emerging and promising target for normalization cancer immunotherapy. Besides, Siglec-15 interacts with sialylated pathogens and modulates host immune response against microbial pathogens by altering cytokine production and/or phagocytosis, which further broadens the underlying pathophysiological roles of Siglec-15. The fact that N-glycosylation and sialylation of Siglec-15 play a pivotal role in Siglec-15 biological function indicates that targeting certain post-translational modification may be an effective strategy for targeting Siglec-15 therapy. In-depth exploring Siglec-15 biology function is crucial for better design of Siglec-15-based therapy according to different clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinxiu Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China.
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20
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Abstract
The term "lectin" is derived from the Latin word lego- (aggregate) (Boyd & Shapleigh, 1954). Indeed, lectins' folds can flexibly alter their pocket structures just like Lego blocks, which enables them to grab a wide-variety of substances. Thus, this useful fold is well-conserved among various organisms. Through evolution, prototypic soluble lectins acquired transmembrane regions and signaling motifs to become C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). While CLRs seem to possess certain intrinsic affinity to self, some CLRs adapted to efficiently recognize glycoconjugates present in pathogens as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and altered self. CLRs further extended their diversity to recognize non-glycosylated targets including pathogens and self-derived molecules. Thus, CLRs seem to have developed to monitor the internal/external stresses to maintain homeostasis by sensing various "unfamiliar" targets. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of CLRs, their ligands and functions and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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21
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Haure-Mirande JV, Audrain M, Ehrlich ME, Gandy S. Microglial TYROBP/DAP12 in Alzheimer's disease: Transduction of physiological and pathological signals across TREM2. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:55. [PMID: 36002854 PMCID: PMC9404585 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TYROBP (also known as DAP12 or KARAP) is a transmembrane adaptor protein initially described as a receptor-activating subunit component of natural killer (NK) cells. TYROBP is expressed in numerous cell types, including peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts, but a key point of recent interest is related to the critical role played by TYROBP in the function of many receptors expressed on the plasma membrane of microglia. TYROBP is the downstream adaptor and putative signaling partner for several receptors implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including SIRP1β, CD33, CR3, and TREM2. TYROBP has received much of its current notoriety because of its importance in brain homeostasis by signal transduction across those receptors. In this review, we provide an overview of evidence indicating that the biology of TYROBP extends beyond its interaction with these four ligand-binding ectodomain-intramembranous domain molecules. In addition to reviewing the structure and localization of TYROBP, we discuss our recent progress using mouse models of either cerebral amyloidosis or tauopathy that were engineered to be TYROBP-deficient or TYROBP-overexpressing. Remarkably, constitutively TYROBP-deficient mice provided a model of genetic resilience to either of the defining proteinopathies of AD. Learning behavior and synaptic electrophysiological function were preserved at normal physiological levels even in the face of robust cerebral amyloidosis (in APP/PSEN1;Tyrobp-/- mice) or tauopathy (in MAPTP301S;Tyrobp-/- mice). A fundamental underpinning of the functional synaptic dysfunction associated with each proteotype was an accumulation of complement C1q. TYROBP deficiency prevented C1q accumulation associated with either proteinopathy. Based on these data, we speculate that TYROBP plays a key role in the microglial sensome and the emergence of the disease-associated microglia (DAM) phenotype. TYROBP may also play a key role in the loss of markers of synaptic integrity (e.g., synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity) that has long been held to be the feature of human AD molecular neuropathology that most closely correlates with concurrent clinical cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael Audrain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the NIA-Designated Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, Bronx NY 10468 USA
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22
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Wielgat P, Narejko K, Car H. SARS-CoV-2 Attacks in the Brain: Focus on the Sialome. Cells 2022; 11:1458. [PMID: 35563764 PMCID: PMC9104523 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological observations suggest that respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are accompanied by short- and long-term neurological manifestations. There is increasing evidence that the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to its capacity to interact with cell membrane sialome. Given the wide expression of sialylated compounds of cell membranes in the brain, the interplay between cell membrane sialoglycans and the virus is crucial for its attachment and cell entry, transport, neuronal damage and brain immunity. Here, we focus on the significance of the brain sialome in the progress of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and SARS-CoV-2-induced neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Karolina Narejko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.); (H.C.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.); (H.C.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-265 Bialystok, Poland
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23
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Vuchkovska A, Glanville DG, Scurti GM, Nishimura MI, White P, Ulijasz AT, Iwashima M. Siglec-5 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells. Immunology 2022; 166:238-248. [PMID: 35290663 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immunoglobulin-type lectins that mediate protein-carbohydrate interactions via sialic acids attached to glycoproteins or glycolipids. Most of the CD33-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs), a major subfamily of rapidly evolving Siglecs, contain a cytoplasmic signaling domain consisting of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) and mediate suppressive signals for lymphoid and myeloid cells. While most CD33rSiglecs are expressed by innate immune cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils, to date, the expression of Siglecs in human T cells has not been well appreciated. In this study, we found that Siglec-5, a member of the CD33rSiglecs, is expressed by most activated T cells upon antigen receptor stimulation. Functionally, Siglec-5 suppresses T cell activation. In support of these findings, we found that Siglec-5 overexpression abrogates antigen receptor induced activation of NFAT and AP-1. Furthermore, we show that GBS β-protein, a known bacterial ligand of Siglec-5, reduces the production of cytokines and cytolytic molecules by activated primary T cells in a Siglec-5 dependent manner. Our data also show that some cancer cell lines express a putative Siglec-5 ligand(s), and that the presence of soluble Siglec-5 enhances tumor-cell specific T cell activation, suggesting that some tumor cells inhibit T cell activation via Siglec-5. Together, our data demonstrate that Siglec-5 is a previously unrecognized inhibitory T cell immune checkpoint molecule and suggest that blockade of Siglec-5 could serve as a new strategy to enhance anti-tumor T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Vuchkovska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - David G Glanville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Gina M Scurti
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Paula White
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Andrew T Ulijasz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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24
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Villanueva-Cabello TM, Gutiérrez-Valenzuela LD, Salinas-Marín R, López-Guerrero DV, Martínez-Duncker I. Polysialic Acid in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:823637. [PMID: 35222358 PMCID: PMC8873093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.823637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a highly regulated polymer of sialic acid (Sia) with such potent biophysical characteristics that when expressed drastically influences the interaction properties of cells. Although much of what is known of polySia in mammals has been elucidated from the study of its role in the central nervous system (CNS), polySia is also expressed in other tissues, including the immune system where it presents dynamic changes during differentiation, maturation, and activation of different types of immune cells of the innate and adaptive response, being involved in key regulatory mechanisms. At least six polySia protein carriers (CCR7, ESL-1, NCAM, NRP2, ST8Sia 2, and ST8Sia 4) are expressed in different types of immune cells, but there is still much to be explored in regard not only to the regulatory mechanisms that determine their expression and the structure of polySia chains but also to the identification of the cis- and trans- ligands of polySia that establish signaling networks. This review summarizes the current knowledge on polySia in the immune system, addressing its biosynthesis, its tools for identification and structural characterization, and its functional roles and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M. Villanueva-Cabello
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lya D. Gutiérrez-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Iván Martínez-Duncker,
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25
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Sugar nucleotide regeneration system for the synthesis of Bi- and triantennary N-glycans and exploring their activities against siglecs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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O-Acetylation of Capsular Polysialic Acid Enables Escherichia coli K1 Escaping from Siglec-Mediated Innate Immunity and Lysosomal Degradation of E. coli-Containing Vacuoles in Macrophage-Like Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0039921. [PMID: 34878295 PMCID: PMC8653822 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00399-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli K1 causes bacteremia and meningitis in human neonates. The K1 capsule, an α2,8-linked polysialic acid (PSA) homopolymer, is its essential virulence factor. PSA is usually partially modified by O-acetyl groups. It is known that O-acetylation alters the antigenicity of PSA, but its impact on the interactions between E. coli K1 and host cells is unclear. In this study, a phase variant was obtained by passage of E. coli K1 parent strain, which expressed a capsule with 44% O-acetylation whereas the capsule of the parent strain has only 3%. The variant strain showed significantly reduced adherence and invasion to macrophage-like cells in comparison to the parent strain. Furthermore, we found that O-acetylation of PSA enhanced the modulation of trafficking of E. coli-containing vacuoles (ECV), enabling them to avoid fusing with lysosomes in these cells. Intriguingly, by using quartz crystal microbalance, we demonstrated that the PSA purified from the parent strain interacted with human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), including Siglec-5, Siglec-7, Siglec-11, and Siglec-14. However, O-acetylated PSA from the variant interacted much less and also suppressed the production of Siglec-mediated proinflammatory cytokines. The adherence of the parent strain to human macrophage-like cells was significantly blocked by monoclonal antibodies against Siglec-11 and Siglec-14. Furthermore, the variant strain caused increased bacteremia and higher lethality in neonatal mice compared to the parent strain. These data elucidate that O-acetylation of K1 capsule enables E. coli to escape from Siglec-mediated innate immunity and lysosomal degradation; therefore, it is a strategy used by E. coli K1 to regulate its virulence. IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli K1 is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis. The mortality and morbidity of this disease remain significantly high despite antibiotic therapy. One major limitation on advances in prevention and therapy for meningitis is an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. E. coli K1 is surrounded by PSA, which is observed to have high-frequency variation of O-acetyl modification. Here, we present an in-depth study of the function of O-acetylation in PSA at each stage of host-pathogen interaction. We found that a high level of O-acetylation significantly interfered with Siglec-mediated bacterial adherence to macrophage-like cells, and blunted the proinflammatory response. Furthermore, the O-acetylation of PSA modulated the trafficking of ECVs to prevent them from fusing with lysosomes, enabling them to escape degradation by lysozymes within these cells. Elucidating how subtle modification of the capsule enhances bacterial defenses against host innate immunity will enable the future development of effective drugs or vaccines against infection by E. coli K1.
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27
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Periodontal health, neutrophil activity and cardiovascular health in captive chimpanzees. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105342. [PMID: 34942432 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of dental and cardiac disease in a cohort of captive chimpanzees DESIGN: 12 captive chimpanzees underwent periodontal and cardiac examinations under anaesthesia during a relocation to a new enclosure. Blood samples were taken for analysis of circulating markers of cardiac health, nutritional status and isolation of neutrophils for functional assays. They were then observed for three years for signs of heart disease. RESULTS Although the chimpanzees displayed large quantities of supragingival plaque, they had low bleeding scores. Peripheral blood neutrophils responded to innate and adaptive immune stimuli. In the follow up period two animals died and post mortem confirmed heart disease. Levels of NT-proBNP were found to be high in chimpanzees that died from heart disease. CONCLUSIONS Whilst there appeared to be a correlation between probing depth and age, there appeared to be no correlation between dental data and heart data in this cohort.
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28
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van Houtum EJH, Büll C, Cornelissen LAM, Adema GJ. Siglec Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790317. [PMID: 34966391 PMCID: PMC8710542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of receptors that recognize sialoglycans - sialic acid containing glycans that are abundantly present on cell membranes. Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and can modulate their activity and function. The majority of Siglecs contains immune inhibitory motifs comparable to the immune checkpoint receptor PD-1. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), signaling through the Siglec-sialoglycan axis appears to be enhanced through multiple mechanisms favoring tumor immune evasion similar to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Siglec expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells appears increased in the immune suppressive microenvironment. At the same time, enhanced Siglec ligand expression has been reported for several tumor types as a result of aberrant glycosylation, glycan modifications, and the increased expression of sialoglycans on proteins and lipids. Siglec signaling has been identified as important regulator of anti-tumor immunity in the TME, but the key factors contributing to Siglec activation by tumor-associated sialoglycans are diverse and poorly defined. Among others, Siglec activation and signaling are co-determined by their expression levels, cell surface distribution, and their binding preferences for cis- and trans-ligands in the TME. Siglec binding preference are co-determined by the nature of the proteins/lipids to which the sialoglycans are attached and the multivalency of the interaction. Here, we review the current understanding and emerging conditions and factors involved in Siglec signaling in the TME and identify current knowledge gaps that exist in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J. H. van Houtum
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenneke A. M. Cornelissen
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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29
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Moorlag SJCFM, Matzaraki V, van Puffelen JH, van der Heijden C, Keating S, Groh L, Röring RJ, Bakker OB, Koeken VACM, de Bree LCJ, Smeekens SP, Oosting M, Gamboa RA, Riksen NP, Xavier RJ, Wijmenga C, Kumar V, van Crevel R, Novakovic B, Joosten LAB, Li Y, Netea MG. An integrative genomics approach identifies KDM4 as a modulator of trained immunity. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:431-446. [PMID: 34821391 PMCID: PMC9299854 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune cells are able to build memory characteristics via a process termed “trained immunity.” Host factors that influence the magnitude of the individual trained immunity response remain largely unknown. Using an integrative genomics approach, our study aimed to prioritize and understand the role of specific genes in trained immunity responses. In vitro‐induced trained immunity responses were assessed in two independent population‐based cohorts of healthy individuals, the 300 Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (300BCG; n = 267) and 200 Functional Genomics (200FG; n = 110) cohorts from the Human Functional Genomics Project. Genetic loci that influence cytokine responses upon trained immunity were identified by conducting a meta‐analysis of QTLs identified in the 300BCG and 200FG cohorts. From the identified QTL loci, we functionally validated the role of PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and two genes that belong to the family of Siglec receptors (Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14). Furthermore, we identified the H3K9 histone demethylases of the KDM4 family as major regulators of trained immunity responses. These data pinpoint an important role of metabolic and epigenetic processes in the regulation of trained immunity responses, and these findings may open new avenues for vaccine design and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer H van Puffelen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laszlo Groh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Jan Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningenor, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sanne P Smeekens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raúl Aguirre Gamboa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningenor, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningenor, Groningen, The Netherlands.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningenor, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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30
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Carroll DJ, Cao Y, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Siglec-8 Signals Through a Non-Canonical Pathway to Cause Human Eosinophil Death In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737988. [PMID: 34721399 PMCID: PMC8549629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a glycan-binding receptor bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory and switch motifs (ITIM and ITSM, respectively) that is selectively expressed on eosinophils, mast cells, and, to a lesser extent, basophils. Previous work has shown that engagement of Siglec-8 on IL-5-primed eosinophils causes cell death via CD11b/CD18 integrin-mediated adhesion and NADPH oxidase activity and identified signaling molecules linking adhesion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. However, the proximal signaling cascade activated directly by Siglec-8 engagement has remained elusive. Most members of the Siglec family possess similar cytoplasmic signaling motifs and recruit the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1/2, consistent with ITIM-mediated signaling, to dampen cellular activation. However, the dependence of Siglec-8 function in eosinophils on these phosphatases has not been studied. Using Siglec-8 antibody engagement and pharmacological inhibition in conjunction with assays to measure cell-surface upregulation and conformational activation of CD11b integrin, ROS production, and cell death, we sought to identify molecules involved in Siglec-8 signaling and determine the stage of the process in which each molecule plays a role. We demonstrate here that the enzymatic activities of Src family kinases (SFKs), Syk, SHIP1, PAK1, MEK1, ERK1/2, PLC, PKC, acid sphingomyelinase/ceramidase, and Btk are all necessary for Siglec-8-induced eosinophil cell death, with no apparent role for SHP-1/2, SHIP2, or c-Raf. While most of these signaling molecules are necessary for Siglec-8-induced upregulation of CD11b integrin at the eosinophil cell surface, Btk is phosphorylated and activated later in the signaling cascade and is instead necessary for CD11b activation. In contrast, SFKs and ERK1/2 are phosphorylated far earlier in the process, consistent with their role in augmenting cell-surface levels of CD11b. In addition, pretreatment of eosinophils with latrunculin B or jasplakinolide revealed that actin filament disassembly is necessary and sufficient for surface CD11b integrin upregulation and that actin polymerization is necessary for downstream ROS production. These results show that Siglec-8 signals through an unanticipated set of signaling molecules in IL-5-primed eosinophils to induce cell death and challenges the expectation that ITIM-bearing Siglecs signal through inhibitory pathways involving protein tyrosine phosphatases to achieve their downstream functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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31
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Sialidase of Glaesserella parasuis Augments Inflammatory Response via Desialylation and Abrogation of Negative Regulation of Siglec-5. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00696-20. [PMID: 33526563 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00696-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that play an important role in tissue homeostasis, immune response, and pathogen infection. Bacterial sialidases act on natural ligands of Siglecs, interfering with the Siglec-mediated immune response. Glaesserella parasuis is a porcine bacterial pathogen that secretes sialidase. However, little is known about the sialidase of G. parasuis and its impact on immune regulation. Here, we used wild-type G. parasuis, a sialidase-deficient mutant, and complementary strains to investigate the role of sialidase in porcine alveolar macrophage infection. Sialidase induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, from porcine alveolar macrophages. Moreover, sialidase desialylated the surface of porcine alveolar macrophages and altered the expression of Siglecs (the expression of Siglec-5 was reduced). Furthermore, sialidase led to a reduction in endogenous SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) recruitment to Siglec-5 and simultaneously activated the inflammatory response via the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell signaling pathways. This desialylation occurred before the release of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the sialidase-induced inflammatory response was followed by reduced recruitment of SHP-2 to Siglec-5. Thus, this study is the first to demonstrate the role of sialidase in the inflammatory response of G. parasuis. This role resulted from the abrogation of negative regulation of Siglec-5 on proinflammatory cytokine release. This study helps to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the inflammatory response induced by sialidase secreted by G. parasuis and the acute inflammation caused by G. parasuis.
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32
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Sun J, Lu Q, Sanmamed MF, Wang J. Siglec-15 as an Emerging Target for Next-generation Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:680-688. [PMID: 32958700 PMCID: PMC9942711 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory agents blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have shown a new way to treat cancer. The explanation underlying the success of these agents may be the selective expression of PD-L1 with dominant immune-suppressive activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME), supporting a more favorable tumor response-to-toxicity ratio. However, despite the big success of these drugs, most patients with cancer show primary or acquired resistance, calling for the identification of new immune modulators in the TME. Using a genome-scale T-cell activity array in combination with bioinformatic analysis of human cancer databases, we identified Siglec-15 as a critical immune suppressor with broad upregulation on various cancer types and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Siglec-15 has unique molecular features compared with many other known checkpoint inhibitory ligands. It shows prominent expression on macrophages and cancer cells and a mutually exclusive expression with PD-L1, suggesting that it may be a critical immune evasion mechanism in PD-L1-negative patients. Interestingly, Siglec-15 has also been identified as a key regulator for osteoclast differentiation and may have potential implications in bone disorders not limited to osteoporosis. Here, we provide an overview of Siglec-15 biology, its role in cancer immune regulation, the preliminary and encouraging clinical data related to the first-in-class Siglec-15 targeting mAb, as well as many unsolved questions in this pathway. As a new player in the cancer immunotherapeutic arena, Siglec-15 may represent a novel class of immune inhibitors with tumor-associated expression and divergent mechanisms of action to PD-L1, with potential implications in anti-PD-1/PD-L1-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Sun
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
- The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
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33
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Raposo CD, Canelas AB, Barros MT. Human Lectins, Their Carbohydrate Affinities and Where to Find Them. Biomolecules 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 33572889 PMCID: PMC7911577 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a class of proteins responsible for several biological roles such as cell-cell interactions, signaling pathways, and several innate immune responses against pathogens. Since lectins are able to bind to carbohydrates, they can be a viable target for targeted drug delivery systems. In fact, several lectins were approved by Food and Drug Administration for that purpose. Information about specific carbohydrate recognition by lectin receptors was gathered herein, plus the specific organs where those lectins can be found within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia D. Raposo
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - André B. Canelas
- Glanbia-AgriChemWhey, Lisheen Mine, Killoran, Moyne, E41 R622 Tipperary, Ireland;
| | - M. Teresa Barros
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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Exploring the Impact of Ketodeoxynonulosonic Acid in Host-Pathogen Interactions Using Uptake and Surface Display by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03226-20. [PMID: 33468699 PMCID: PMC7845648 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03226-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells in vertebrates are coated with a dense array of glycans often capped with sugars called sialic acids. Sialic acids have many functions, including serving as a signal for recognition of “self” cells by the immune system, thereby guiding an appropriate immune response against foreign “nonself” and/or damaged cells. Surface expression of the common vertebrate sialic acid (Sia) N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by commensal and pathogenic microbes appears structurally to represent “molecular mimicry” of host sialoglycans, facilitating multiple mechanisms of host immune evasion. In contrast, ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (Kdn) is a more ancestral Sia also present in prokaryotic glycoconjugates that are structurally quite distinct from vertebrate sialoglycans. We detected human antibodies against Kdn-terminated glycans, and sialoglycan microarray studies found these anti-Kdn antibodies to be directed against Kdn-sialoglycans structurally similar to those on human cell surface Neu5Ac-sialoglycans. Anti-Kdn-glycan antibodies appear during infancy in a pattern similar to those generated following incorporation of the nonhuman Sia N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) onto the surface of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen. NTHi grown in the presence of free Kdn took up and incorporated the Sia into its lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Surface display of the Kdn within NTHi LOS blunted several virulence attributes of the pathogen, including Neu5Ac-mediated resistance to complement and whole blood killing, complement C3 deposition, IgM binding, and engagement of Siglec-9. Upper airway administration of Kdn reduced NTHi infection in human-like Cmah null (Neu5Gc-deficient) mice that express a Neu5Ac-rich sialome. We propose a mechanism for the induction of anti-Kdn antibodies in humans, suggesting that Kdn could be a natural and/or therapeutic “Trojan horse” that impairs colonization and virulence phenotypes of free Neu5Ac-assimilating human pathogens.
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35
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Functions and therapeutic targets of Siglec-mediated infections, inflammations and cancers. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:5-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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36
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Kudelka MR, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Neish AS. Intestinal epithelial glycosylation in homeostasis and gut microbiota interactions in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:597-617. [PMID: 32710014 PMCID: PMC8211394 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 6.8 million people globally. A variety of factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis, including host genetics, immune dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Emerging evidence implicates intestinal epithelial glycosylation as an underappreciated process that interfaces with these three factors. IBD is associated with increased expression of truncated O-glycans as well as altered expression of terminal glycan structures. IBD genes, glycosyltransferase mislocalization, altered glycosyltransferase and glycosidase expression and dysbiosis drive changes in the glycome. These glycan changes disrupt the mucus layer, glycan-lectin interactions, host-microorganism interactions and mucosal immunity, and ultimately contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Epithelial glycans are especially critical in regulating the gut microbiota through providing bacterial ligands and nutrients and ultimately determining the spatial organization of the gut microbiota. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of intestinal epithelial glycosylation, altered epithelial glycosylation in IBD and mechanisms for how these alterations contribute to disease pathobiology. We hope that this Review provides a foundation for future studies on IBD glycosylation and the emergence of glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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37
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Movsisyan LD, Macauley MS. Structural advances of Siglecs: insight into synthetic glycan ligands for immunomodulation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5784-5797. [PMID: 32756649 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are transmembrane proteins of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily predominantly expressed on the cells of our immune system. Siglecs recognize sialic acid via their terminal V-set domain. In mammals, sialic acid-terminated glycolipids and glycoproteins are the ligands of Siglecs, and the monomeric affinity of Siglecs for their sialic acid-containing ligands is weak. Significant efforts have been devoted toward the development of chemically modified sialoside ligands to target Siglecs with higher affinity and selectivity. In this review we discuss natural and synthetic sialoside ligands for each human Siglec, emphasizing the ligand binding determinants uncovered from recent advances in protein structural information. Potential therapeutic applications of these ligands are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon D Movsisyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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38
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Almarri MA, Bergström A, Prado-Martinez J, Yang F, Fu B, Dunham AS, Chen Y, Hurles ME, Tyler-Smith C, Xue Y. Population Structure, Stratification, and Introgression of Human Structural Variation. Cell 2020; 182:189-199.e15. [PMID: 32531199 PMCID: PMC7369638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural variants contribute substantially to genetic diversity and are important evolutionarily and medically, but they are still understudied. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of structural variation in the Human Genome Diversity panel, a high-coverage dataset of 911 samples from 54 diverse worldwide populations. We identify, in total, 126,018 variants, 78% of which were not identified in previous global sequencing projects. Some reach high frequency and are private to continental groups or even individual populations, including regionally restricted runaway duplications and putatively introgressed variants from archaic hominins. By de novo assembly of 25 genomes using linked-read sequencing, we discover 1,643 breakpoint-resolved unique insertions, in aggregate accounting for 1.9 Mb of sequence absent from the GRCh38 reference. Our results illustrate the limitation of a single human reference and the need for high-quality genomes from diverse populations to fully discover and understand human genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Bergström
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alistair S Dunham
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; EMBL-EBI, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Yuan Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Yali Xue
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
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Metabolic Characterisation of the Midgut of Bombyx mori Varieties after BmNPV Infection Using GC-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134707. [PMID: 32630275 PMCID: PMC7369710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a silkworm disease that is especially harmful to cocoon production and seriously restricts sericultural development. Our laboratory successfully cultivated a new highly BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety, Huakang 2; however, its mechanism of BmNPV resistance remains unclear. To understand its resistance mechanism, we conducted a metabolomic and transcriptomic study of the midgut of silkworm varieties, Baiyu N and Baiyu after BmNPV infection. We identified 451 differential metabolites, which were mostly comprised of small molecules, such as saccharides, acids, amines, alcohols, and glycosides. We found that the primary differences in disease resistance between the silkworm varieties are metabolic-pathways, tryptophan metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, ABC-transporters, beta-alanine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Combined analysis with transcriptomic data suggested that tryptophan metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation are closely related to the silkworms' BmNPV resistance. We hypothesize that the roles of the two metabolic pathways in the BmNPV resistance mechanism might be the following: Oxidative phosphorylation generates a large amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in response to BmNPV infection to provide silkworms the energy required for establishing BmNPV resistance. Tryptophan metabolism then activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through the exogenous virus BmNPV, which activates the silkworm's immune system to defeat BmNPV infections.
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40
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Wielgat P, Rogowski K, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Car H. Sialic Acid-Siglec Axis as Molecular Checkpoints Targeting of Immune System: Smart Players in Pathology and Conventional Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124361. [PMID: 32575400 PMCID: PMC7352527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialic acid-based molecular mimicry in pathogens and malignant cells is a regulatory mechanism that leads to cross-reactivity with host antigens resulting in suppression and tolerance in the immune system. The interplay between sialoglycans and immunoregulatory Siglec receptors promotes foreign antigens hiding and immunosurveillance impairment. Therefore, molecular targeting of immune checkpoints, including sialic acid-Siglec axis, is a promising new field of inflammatory disorders and cancer therapy. However, the conventional drugs used in regular management can interfere with glycome machinery and exert a divergent effect on immune controlling systems. Here, we focus on the known effects of standard therapies on the sialoglycan-Siglec checkpoint and their importance in diagnosis, prediction, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-7450-647
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
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41
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Angata T. Siglecs that Associate with DAP12. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:215-230. [PMID: 32152949 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs are a family of transmembrane receptor-like glycan-recognition proteins expressed primarily on leukocytes. Majority of Siglecs have an intracellular sequence motif called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and associate with Src homology region 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), and negatively regulate tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated intracellular signaling events. On the other hand, some Siglecs have a positively charged amino acid residue in the transmembrane domain and associate with DNAX activation protein of 12 kDa (DAP12), which in turn recruits spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). These DAP12-associated Siglecs play diverse functions. For example, Siglec-15 is conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and plays a role in bone homeostasis by regulating osteoclast development and function. Human Siglec-14 and -16 have inhibitory counterparts (Siglec-5 and -11, respectively), which show extremely high sequence similarity with them at the extracellular domain but interact with SHP-1. The DAP12-associated Siglec in such "paired receptor" configuration counteracts the pathogens that exploit the inhibitory counterpart. Polymorphisms (mutations) that render DAP12-associated inactive Siglecs are found in humans, and some of these appear to be associated with sensitivity or resistance of human hosts to bacterially induced conditions. Studies of mouse Siglec-H have revealed complex and intriguing functions it plays in regulating adaptive immunity. Many questions remain unanswered, and further molecular and genetic studies of DAP12-associated Siglecs will yield valuable insights with translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan.
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42
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Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid (Sia) recognizing immunoglobulin-like receptors expressed on the surface of all the major leukocyte lineages in mammals. Siglecs recognize ubiquitous Sia epitopes on various glycoconjugates in the cell glycocalyx and transduce signals to regulate immunological and inflammatory activities of these cells. The subset known as CD33-related Siglecs is principally inhibitory receptors that suppress leukocyte activation, and recent research has shown that a number of bacterial pathogens use Sia mimicry to engage these Siglecs as an immune evasion strategy. Conversely, Siglec-1 is a macrophage phagocytic receptor that engages GBS and other sialylated bacteria to promote effective phagocytosis and antigen presentation for the adaptive immune response, whereas certain viruses and parasites use Siglec-1 to gain entry to immune cells as a proximal step in the infectious process. Siglecs are positioned in crosstalk with other host innate immune sensing pathways to modulate the immune response to infection in complex ways. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of Siglecs at the host-pathogen interface, a field of study expanding in breadth and medical importance, and which provides potential targets for immune-based anti-infective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code 0760, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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43
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Läubli H, Varki A. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) detect self-associated molecular patterns to regulate immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:593-605. [PMID: 31485715 PMCID: PMC7942692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian immune system evolved to tightly regulate the elimination of pathogenic microbes and neoplastic transformed cells while tolerating our own healthy cells. Here, we summarize experimental evidence for the role of Siglecs-in particular CD33-related Siglecs-as self-receptors and their sialoglycan ligands in regulating this balance between recognition of self and non-self. Sialoglycans are found in the glycocalyx and extracellular fluids and matrices of all mammalian cells and can be considered as self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs). We also provide an overview of the known interactions of Siglec receptors and sialoglycan-SAMPs. Manipulation of the Siglec-SAMP axis offers new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases and also cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because of their restricted cell type expression and roles as checkpoints in immune cell responses in human diseases such as cancer, asthma, allergy, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases they have gained attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review we describe the Siglec family, its roles in regulation of immune cell signaling, current efforts to define its roles in disease processes, and approaches to target Siglecs for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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45
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Zhao Y, van Woudenbergh E, Zhu J, Heck AJR, van Kessel KPM, de Haas CJC, Aerts PC, van Strijp JAG, McCarthy AJ. The Orphan Immune Receptor LILRB3 Modulates Fc Receptor-Mediated Functions of Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:954-966. [PMID: 31915259 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical to the generation of effective immune responses and for killing invading microbes. Paired immune receptors provide important mechanisms to modulate neutrophil activation thresholds and effector functions. Expression of the leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LILR)A6 (ILT8/CD85b) and LILRB3 (ILT5/CD85a) paired-receptor system on human neutrophils has remained unclear because of the lack of specific molecular tools. Additionally, there is little known of their possible functions in neutrophil biology. The objective of this study was to characterize expression of LILRA6/LILRB3 receptors during human neutrophil differentiation and activation, and to assess their roles in modulating Fc receptor-mediated effector functions. LILRB3, but not LILRA6, was detected in human neutrophil lysates following immunoprecipitation by mass spectrometry. We demonstrate high LILRB3 expression on the surface of resting neutrophils and release from the surface following neutrophil activation. Surface expression was recapitulated in a human PLB-985 cell model of neutrophil-like differentiation. Continuous ligation of LILRB3 inhibited key IgA-mediated effector functions, including production of reactive oxygen species, phagocytic uptake, and microbial killing. This suggests that LILRB3 provides an important checkpoint to control human neutrophil activation and their antimicrobial effector functions during resting and early-activation stages of the neutrophil life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Esther van Woudenbergh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Zhu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Kok P M van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Piet C Aerts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alex J McCarthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; .,MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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46
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Tsai CM, Riestra AM, Ali SR, Fong JJ, Liu JZ, Hughes G, Varki A, Nizet V. Siglec-14 Enhances NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:333-343. [PMID: 31805552 PMCID: PMC7383293 DOI: 10.1159/000504323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms are sensed by the inflammasome, resulting in the release of the pro-immune and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In humans, the paired <underline>s</underline>ialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin receptors Siglec-5 (inhibitory) and Siglec-14 (activating) have been shown to have reciprocal roles in regulating macrophage immune responses, but their interaction with IL-1β signaling and the inflammasome has not been characterized. Here we show that in response to known inflammasome activators (ATP, nigericin) or the sialic acid-expressing human bacterial pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS), the presence of Siglec-14 enhances, whereas Siglec-5 reduces, inflammasome activation and macrophage IL-1β release. Human THP-1 macrophages stably transfected with Siglec-14 exhibited increased caspase-1 activation, IL-1β release and pyroptosis after GBS infection, in a manner blocked by a specific inhibitor of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3), a protein involved in inflammasome assembly. Another leading pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, lacks sialic acid but rather prominently expresses a sialidase, which cleaves sialic acid from macrophages, eliminating cis- interactions with the lectin receptor, thus attenuating Siglec-14 induced IL-1β secretion. Vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein released during macrophage inflammatory activation is known to induce the inflammasome. We found that vimentin has increased interaction with Siglec-14 compared to Siglec-5, and this interaction heightened IL-1β production by Siglec-14-expressing cells. Siglec-14 is absent from some humans because of a SIGLEC5/14 fusion polymorphism, and we found increased IL-1β expression in primary macrophages from SIGLEC14+/+ individuals compared to those with the SIGLEC14-/+ and SIGLEC14-/- genotypes. Collectively, our results identify a new immunoregulatory role of Siglec-14 as a positive regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Tsai
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Angelica M Riestra
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Syed Raza Ali
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerry J Fong
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Janet Z Liu
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,
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47
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Bhattacherjee A, Rodrigues E, Jung J, Luzentales-Simpson M, Enterina JR, Galleguillos D, St. Laurent CD, Nakhaei-Nejad M, Fuchsberger FF, Streith L, Wang Q, Kawasaki N, Duan S, Bains A, Paulson JC, Rademacher C, Giuliani F, Sipione S, Macauley MS. Repression of phagocytosis by human CD33 is not conserved with mouse CD33. Commun Biol 2019; 2:450. [PMID: 31815204 PMCID: PMC6890642 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD33 is an immunomodulatory receptor linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility via regulation of phagocytosis in microglia. Divergent features between human CD33 (hCD33) and murine CD33 (mCD33) include a unique transmembrane lysine in mCD33 and cytoplasmic tyrosine in hCD33. The functional consequences of these differences in restraining phagocytosis remains poorly understood. Using a new αmCD33 monoclonal antibody, we show that mCD33 is expressed at high levels on neutrophils and low levels on microglia. Notably, cell surface expression of mCD33 is entirely dependent on Dap12 due to an interaction with the transmembrane lysine in mCD33. In RAW264.7 cultured macrophages, BV-2 cultured microglia, primary neonatal and adult microglia, uptake of cargo - including aggregated Aβ1-42 - is not altered upon genetic ablation of mCD33. Alternatively, deletion of hCD33 in monocytic cell lines increased cargo uptake. Moreover, transgenic mice expressing hCD33 in the microglial cell lineage showed repressed cargo uptake in primary microglia. Therefore, mCD33 and hCD33 have divergent roles in regulating phagocytosis, highlighting the importance of studying hCD33 in AD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jhon R. Enterina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Felix F. Fuchsberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Laura Streith
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Arjun Bains
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthew S. Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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48
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Suematsu R, Miyamoto T, Saijo S, Yamasaki S, Tada Y, Yoshida H, Miyake Y. Identification of lipophilic ligands of Siglec5 and -14 that modulate innate immune responses. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16776-16788. [PMID: 31551352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of cell-surface immune receptors that bind to sialic acid at terminal glycan residues. Siglecs also recognize nonsialic acid ligands, many of which remain to be characterized. Here, we found that Siglec5 and Siglec14 recognize lipid compounds produced by Trichophyton, a fungal genus containing several pathogenic species. Biochemical approaches revealed that the Siglec ligands are fungal alkanes and triacylglycerols, an unexpected finding that prompted us to search for endogenous lipid ligands of Siglecs. Siglec5 weakly recognized several endogenous lipids, but the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin and the anti-inflammatory lipid 5-palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid exhibited potent ligand activity on Siglec5. Further, the hydrophobic stretch in the Siglec5 N terminus region was found to be required for efficient recognition of these lipids. Notably, this hydrophobic stretch was dispensable for recognition of sialic acid. Siglec5 inhibited cell activation upon ligand binding, and accordingly, the lipophilic ligands suppressed interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in Siglec5-expressing human monocytic cells. Siglec14 and Siglec5 have high sequence identity in the extracellular region, and Siglec14 also recognized the endogenous lipids. However, unlike Siglec5, Siglec14 transduces activating signals upon ligand recognition. Indeed, the endogenous lipids induced IL-8 production in Siglec14-expressing human monocytic cells. These results indicated that Siglec5 and Siglec14 can recognize lipophilic ligands that thereby modulate innate immune responses. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the binding of Siglecs to lipid ligands, expanding our understanding of the biological function and importance of Siglecs in the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Suematsu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tada
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Miyake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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49
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Siddiqui SS, Matar R, Merheb M, Hodeify R, Vazhappilly CG, Marton J, Shamsuddin SA, Al Zouabi H. Siglecs in Brain Function and Neurological Disorders. Cells 2019; 8:E1125. [PMID: 31546700 PMCID: PMC6829431 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs (Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins) are a I-type lectin that typically binds sialic acid. Siglecs are predominantly expressed in immune cells and generate activating or inhibitory signals. They are also shown to be expressed on the surface of cells in the nervous system and have been shown to play central roles in neuroinflammation. There has been a plethora of reviews outlining the studies pertaining to Siglecs in immune cells. However, this review aims to compile the articles on the role of Siglecs in brain function and neurological disorders. In humans, the most abundant Siglecs are CD33 (Siglec-3), Siglec-4 (myelin-associated glycoprotein/MAG), and Siglec-11, Whereas in mice the most abundant are Siglec-1 (sialoadhesin), Siglec-2 (CD22), Siglec-E, Siglec-F, and Siglec-H. This review is divided into three parts. Firstly, we discuss the general biological aspects of Siglecs that are expressed in nervous tissue. Secondly, we discuss about the role of Siglecs in brain function and molecular mechanism for their function. Finally, we collate the available information on Siglecs and neurological disorders. It is intriguing to study this family of proteins in neurological disorders because they carry immunoinhibitory and immunoactivating motifs that can be vital in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoib Sarwar Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Rachel Matar
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Maxime Merheb
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - John Marton
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | | | - Hussain Al Zouabi
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
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50
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Moon JM, Capra JA, Abbot P, Rokas A. Immune Regulation in Eutherian Pregnancy: Live Birth Coevolved with Novel Immune Genes and Gene Regulation. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1900072. [PMID: 31373044 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Novel regulatory elements that enabled expression of pre-existing immune genes in reproductive tissues and novel immune genes with pregnancy-specific roles in eutherians have shaped the evolution of mammalian pregnancy by facilitating the emergence of novel mechanisms for immune regulation over its course. Trade-offs arising from conflicting fitness effects on reproduction and host defenses have further influenced the patterns of genetic variation of these genes. These three mechanisms (novel regulatory elements, novel immune genes, and trade-offs) played a pivotal role in refining the regulation of maternal immune systems during pregnancy in eutherians, likely facilitating the establishment of prolonged direct maternal-fetal contact in eutherians without causing immunological rejection of the genetically distinct fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun M Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Patrick Abbot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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