1
|
Pitchai A, Buhman K, Shannahan JH. Lipid mediators of inhalation exposure-induced pulmonary toxicity and inflammation. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:57-74. [PMID: 38422051 PMCID: PMC11022128 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2318389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Many inhalation exposures induce pulmonary inflammation contributing to disease progression. Inflammatory processes are actively regulated via mediators including bioactive lipids. Bioactive lipids are potent signaling molecules involved in both pro-inflammatory and resolution processes through receptor interactions. The formation and clearance of lipid signaling mediators are controlled by multiple metabolic enzymes. An imbalance of these lipids can result in exacerbated and sustained inflammatory processes which may result in pulmonary damage and disease. Dysregulation of pulmonary bioactive lipids contribute to inflammation and pulmonary toxicity following exposures. For example, inhalation of cigarette smoke induces activation of pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids such as sphingolipids, and ceramides contributing to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, exposure to silver nanoparticles causes dysregulation of inflammatory resolution lipids. As inflammation is a common consequence resulting from inhaled exposures and a component of numerous diseases it represents a broadly applicable target for therapeutic intervention. With new appreciation for bioactive lipids, technological advances to reliably identify and quantify lipids have occurred. In this review, we will summarize, integrate, and discuss findings from recent studies investigating the impact of inhaled exposures on pro-inflammatory and resolution lipids within the lung and their contribution to disease. Throughout the review current knowledge gaps in our understanding of bioactive lipids and their contribution to pulmonary effects of inhaled exposures will be presented. New methods being employed to detect and quantify disruption of pulmonary lipid levels following inhalation exposures will be highlighted. Lastly, we will describe how lipid dysregulation could potentially be addressed by therapeutic strategies to address inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pitchai
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kimberly Buhman
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vinokurova M, Lopes-Pires ME, Cypaite N, Shala F, Armstrong PC, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Elghazouli Y, Nüsing R, Liu B, Zhou Y, Hao CM, Herschman HR, Mitchell JA, Kirkby NS. Widening the Prostacyclin Paradigm: Tissue Fibroblasts Are a Critical Site of Production and Antithrombotic Protection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:271-286. [PMID: 37823267 PMCID: PMC10749679 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostacyclin is a fundamental signaling pathway traditionally associated with the cardiovascular system and protection against thrombosis but which also has regulatory functions in fibrosis, proliferation, and immunity. Prevailing dogma states that prostacyclin is principally derived from vascular endothelium, although it is known that other cells can also synthesize it. However, the role of nonendothelial sources in prostacyclin production has not been systematically evaluated resulting in an underappreciation of their importance relative to better characterized endothelial sources. METHODS To address this, we have used novel endothelial cell-specific and fibroblast-specific COX (cyclo-oxygenase) and prostacyclin synthase knockout mice and cells freshly isolated from mouse and human lung tissue. We have assessed prostacyclin release by immunoassay and thrombosis in vivo using an FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury model. RESULTS We found that in arteries, endothelial cells are the main source of prostacyclin but that in the lung, and other tissues, prostacyclin production occurs largely independently of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Instead, in mouse and human lung, prostacyclin production was strongly associated with fibroblasts. By comparison, microvascular endothelial cells from the lung showed weak prostacyclin synthetic capacity compared with those isolated from large arteries. Prostacyclin derived from fibroblasts and other nonendothelial sources was seen to contribute to antithrombotic protection. CONCLUSIONS These observations define a new paradigm in prostacyclin biology in which fibroblast/nonendothelial-derived prostacyclin works in parallel with endothelium-derived prostanoids to control thrombotic risk and potentially a broad range of other biology. Although generation of prostacyclin by fibroblasts has been shown previously, the scale and systemic activity was unappreciated. As such, this represents a basic change in our understanding and may provide new insight into how diseases of the lung result in cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vinokurova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| | - Maria Elisa Lopes-Pires
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| | - Neringa Cypaite
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| | - Fisnik Shala
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| | - Paul C. Armstrong
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.C.A.)
| | - Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| | - Youssef Elghazouli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| | - Rolf Nüsing
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Department, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (R.N.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, China (B.L., Y.Z.)
| | - Yingbi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, China (B.L., Y.Z.)
| | - Chuan-ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (C.-m.H.)
| | - Harvey R. Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (H.R.H.)
| | - Jane A. Mitchell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| | - Nicholas S. Kirkby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (M.V., M.E.L.-P., N.C., F.S., B.A.-S., Y.E., J.A.M., N.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bácsi A, Lucas R, Sütő MI, Szklenár M, Bohn T, Rühl R. An immune-shift induced by lycopene; from an eosinophil-dominant type towards an eosinophil/neutrophil-co-dominant type of airway inflammation. Food Funct 2022; 13:6534-6544. [PMID: 35642947 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00875k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene as the main carotenoid from tomatoes is known to have beneficial effects on various inflammatory diseases. In mice, lycopene ameliorates asthma symptoms and in human asthmatic patients serum lycopene levels are reduced. To further investigate the immunomodulatory effect of lycopene, first, we used a ragweed pollen extract (RWE)-induced asthma model in mice. In a second approach, we established a RWE-induced asthma model in gerbils, because of a more human-like carotenoid absorption in these animals. In RWE-sensitized/RWE-challenged gerbils (C+) following a basal diet, mainly the number of eosinophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) significantly increased, comparable to RWE-sensitized/PBS-challenged gerbils (C-). In RWE-sensitized/PBS-challenged gerbils with lycopene-supplementation (L-), an elevated number of mainly neutrophils, in addition to eosinophils, was detected compared to C-, whereas in RWE-sensitized/RWE-challenged animals with lycopene-supplementation (L+), mainly increased neutrophil numbers in BAL were detected compared to C+. Furthermore, using LC-MS, we determined an array of eicosanoids/docosanoids in the lungs and observed that 5-, 8-lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways were significantly increased after intranasal RWE-challenge in sensitized mice and just by tendency in gerbils. In PBS- and RWE-challenged animals, lycopene-supplementation significantly raised COX-pathway metabolites. In conclusion, we found that lycopene-supplementation resulted in an increased inflammatory influx of neutrophils in combination with increased COX-pathways metabolites. This pro-inflammatory, pro-neutrophil activity induced by lycopene might be an important shift from allergic asthma towards an inflammatory symptomatic asthma type, though with the potential for resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Lucas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté István Sütő
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Szklenár
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Mezögazdász utca 62, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Mezögazdász utca 62, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oz M, Lorke DE, Kabbani N. A comprehensive guide to the pharmacologic regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107750. [PMID: 33275999 PMCID: PMC7854082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has prompted scientists to address an urgent need for defining mechanisms of disease pathology and treatment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for COVID-19, employs angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its primary target for cell surface attachment and likely entry into the host cell. Thus, understanding factors that may regulate the expression and function of ACE2 in the healthy and diseased body is critical for clinical intervention. Over 66% of all adults in the United States are currently using a prescription drug and while earlier findings have focused on possible upregulation of ACE2 expression through the use of renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, mounting evidence suggests that various other widely administered drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemias, coagulation disorders, and pulmonary disease may also present a varied risk for COVID-19. Specifically, we summarize mechanisms on how heparin, statins, steroids and phytochemicals, besides their established therapeutic effects, may also interfere with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells. We also describe evidence on the effect of several vitamins, phytochemicals, and naturally occurring compounds on ACE2 expression and activity in various tissues and disease models. This comprehensive review aims to provide a timely compendium on the potential impact of commonly prescribed drugs and pharmacologically active compounds on COVID-19 pathology and risk through regulation of ACE2 and RAS signaling.
Collapse
Key Words
- adam17, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- ace, angiotensin i converting enzyme
- ace-inh., angiotensin i converting enzyme inhibitor
- ampk, amp-activated protein kinase
- ang-ii, angiotensin ii
- arb, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor blocker
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- at1-r, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor
- βarb, β-adrenergic receptor blockers
- bk, bradykinin
- ccb, calcium channel blockers
- ch25h, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase
- copd, chronic obstructive lung disease
- cox, cyclooxygenase
- covid-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- dabk, [des-arg9]-bradykinin
- erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- 25hc, 25-hydroxycholesterol
- hs, heparan sulfate
- hspg, heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- ibd, inflammatory bowel disease
- map, mitogen-activated protein
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome
- mrb, mineralocorticoid receptor blocker
- nos, nitric oxide synthase
- nsaid, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug
- ras, renin-angiotensin system
- sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- sh, spontaneously hypertensive
- s protein, spike protein
- sirt1, sirtuin 1
- t2dm, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- tcm, traditional chinese medicine
- tmprss2, transmembrane protease, serine 2
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- ufh, unfractionated heparin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Dietrich Ernst Lorke
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuruvilla ME, Vanijcharoenkarn K, Levy JM. The Role of Mast Cells in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD) Pathogenesis: Implications for Future Therapeutics. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:463-470. [PMID: 33116654 PMCID: PMC7569245 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s237463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) have recently been demonstrated to play an integral role in the pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). When activated, MCs release pre-formed granules of many pro-inflammatory mediators, including histamine, serotonin, and various chemokines and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon ɣ (IFN ɣ), macrophage inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor, interleukin (IL) 1, 3–6, 9, 10, 13 and 16. These mediators promote inflammation in AERD by recruiting or activating a network of cells involved in acute and chronic inflammatory pathways, such as endothelial, epithelial, stromal, and other immune cells. Several studies have implicated multifactorial pathways for MC activation in AERD beyond classical IgE mediated mechanisms. The elucidation of these complex networks therefore represents important targets for innovative patient therapeutics. This review summarizes classic and alternative pathways of MC activation in AERD with a special focus in relation to new and emerging treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merin E Kuruvilla
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristine Vanijcharoenkarn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
NSAIDs may increase the risk of thrombosis and acute renal failure in patients with COVID-19 infection. Therapie 2020. [PMID: 32636031 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.06.012.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Wang M, Bu X, Luan G, Lin L, Wang Y, Jin J, Zhang L, Wang C. Distinct type 2-high inflammation associated molecular signatures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with comorbid asthma. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:26. [PMID: 32637070 PMCID: PMC7333405 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and comorbid asthma have more severe disease and are difficult to treat. However, the molecular endotypes associated with CRSwNP with comorbid asthma (CRSwNP + AS) are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of type 2 inflammation and the molecular signatures associated with CRSwNP + AS. Methods A total of 195 subjects; including 65 CRSwNP + AS patients, 99 CRSwNP-alone patients, and 31 healthy control subjects; were enrolled in the study. Nasal tissues from patients with CRSwNP + AS, CRSwNP-alone and control subjects were assessed for infiltration of inflammatory cells and concentrations of total IgE. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed and differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their associated pathways were analyzed. The correlations between type 2 cytokines and local eosinophils, tissue IgE, and transcriptome signatures were evaluated. Results Significantly higher local eosinophil infiltration and higher levels of total IgE were found in nasal tissues from CRSwNP + AS patients than in nasal tissues from CRSwNP-alone patients. Furthermore, atopy and recurrence were significantly more frequent in patients with CRSwNP + AS than in patients with CRSwNP-alone (62.5% vs 28.6% and 66.7% vs 26.9%, respectively). RNA sequencing analysis identified 1988 common DE-mRNAs, and 176 common DE-lncRNAs shared by CRSwNP + AS versus control and CRSwNP-alone versus control. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified LINC01146 as hub lncRNA dysregulated in both subtypes of CRSwNP. Overall, 968 DE-mRNAs and 312 DE-lncRNAs were identified between CRSwNP + AS and CRSwNP-alone. Both pathway enrichment analysis and WGCNA indicated that the phenotypic traits of CRSwNP + AS were mainly associated with higher activities of arachidonic acid metabolism, type 2 cytokines related pathway and fibrinolysis pathway, and lower activity of IL-17 signalling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of type 2 cytokines; IL5 and IL13, was positively correlated with local eosinophil infiltration, tissue IgE level, and the expression of DE-mRNAs that related to arachidonic acid metabolism. Moreover, WGCNA identified HK3-006 as hub lncRNA in yellow module that most positively correlated with phenotypic traits of CRSwNP + AS. Conclusions Patients with CRSwNP + AS have distinct type 2-high inflammation-associated molecular signatures in nasal tissues compared to patients with CRSwNP-alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Xiangting Bu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Ge Luan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Liqing Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Jianmin Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005 China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cumhur Cure M, Kucuk A, Cure E. NSAIDs may increase the risk of thrombosis and acute renal failure in patients with COVID-19 infection. Therapie 2020; 75:387-388. [PMID: 32636031 PMCID: PMC7320673 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adem Kucuk
- Department of rheumatology, Meram Tip faculty, Necmettin Erbakan university, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cure
- Department of internal medicine, Ota & Jinemed hospital, Deryadil Sokagi No: 1, 34357 Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taniguchi M, Mitsui C, Hayashi H, Ono E, Kajiwara K, Mita H, Watai K, Kamide Y, Fukutomi Y, Sekiya K, Higashi N. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD): Current understanding of AERD. Allergol Int 2019; 68:289-295. [PMID: 31235242 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics in AERD are severe adult-onset asthma, eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and CysLT overproduction. The cause of AERD have remained unclear, however the decrease in the production of PGE2 caused by the reduction in COX-2 activity is considered to main pathological mechanism of AERD. The mast cell activation and the interaction between platelets and granulocytes are lead to the CysLT overproduction and severe eosinophilic inflammation. The ongoing activation of mast cells is important key pathogenesis in not only stable AERD but exacerbated AERD by aspirin and NSAIDs. In recent years, type 2 inflammation caused by ILC2 activation in patients with AERD have been attracting attention. Omalizumab is effective option for AERD via suppression of mast cell activation and CysLT overproduction. Dupilumab improves sinus symptoms especially in patients with AERD. In near future, anti-platelet drug, CRTH2 antagonist, and anti-TSLP antibody may be useful candidates of therapeutic options in patients with AERD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Taniguchi
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Mitsui
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Emiko Ono
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kajiwara
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Mita
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watai
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kamide
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuma Fukutomi
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sekiya
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noritaka Higashi
- National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Säfholm J, Manson ML, Bood J, Al-Ameri M, Orre AC, Raud J, Dahlén SE, Adner M. Mannitol triggers mast cell-dependent contractions of human small bronchi and prostacyclin bronchoprotection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:984-992. [PMID: 31207273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research supports that exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is caused by hyperosmolar triggering of mast cells. The reaction can be mimicked by inhalation of mannitol, but it has paradoxically previously not been possible to replicate this mode of action of mannitol in isolated airways. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish an ex vivo model of EIB in human small bronchi. METHODS Small bronchi (inner diameter, 0.5-2 mm) from macroscopically healthy human lung tissue were obtained from 48 patients and mounted in organ baths. Contractions and mediator release were analyzed after challenge with hyperosmolar mannitol (850 mOsm). RESULTS Ten minutes of exposure to mannitol caused a small initial contraction (12% ± 1% of maximum) that was followed by a second and much larger contraction (maximum effect [Emax], 47% ± 5%) when mannitol was washed out. The mast cell stabilizer cromolyn reduced the second contraction (Emax, 27% ± 3%). Furthermore, this main contraction was abolished by the combination of antagonists of histamine and cysteinyl leukotrienes in the presence of indomethacin. Mannitol increased the release of the mast cell mediators histamine (9.0-fold), cysteinyl leukotrienes (4.5-fold), and prostaglandin (PG) D2 (5.4-fold), as well as PGE2 (6.3-fold) and the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto PGF1α (5.7-fold). In contrast, indomethacin alone enhanced the bronchoconstriction (Emax, 68% ± 6%). Likewise, receptor antagonists for PGE2 (EP2 and EP4) and prostacyclin (IP) also enhanced the mannitol-induced bronchoconstriction (Emax, 67% ± 5%, 66% ± 4%, and 68% ± 3%, respectively). In bronchi precontracted by carbachol, the IP receptor agonist cicaprost induced profound relaxation. CONCLUSION This new protocol established an in vitro model for studies of EIB in isolated human bronchi. The IP receptor might be a new target for asthma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Säfholm
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martijn L Manson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Bood
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mamdoh Al-Ameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Orre
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Raud
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effects of nonselective and selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the contractions of isolated bronchial smooth muscle in the horse. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/COX-2 inhibitors (acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, ibuprofen, flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone), preferential COX-2 inhibitors (diclofenac, meloxicam, carprofen), selective COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560), and selective COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, firocoxib, parecoxib) on the contractions of isolated bronchi induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Bronchial rings, obtained from lungs of slaughtered horses, were put in isolated organ baths, and the mechanical activity was measured by means of isotonic transducers. Electrical Field Stimulation was applied to the preparations, and the effects of drugs on the amplitude of evoked contractions were measured. Nonselective COX inhibitors did not modify EFS-induced contractions to a relevant degree, except indomethacin which caused a concentration-dependent decrease of the contraction amplitude. Conversely, preferential COX-2 inhibitors enhanced the contractions in a concentration-related fashion, whilst the selective COX-1 inhibitor reduced them. Among selective COX-2 inhibitors, parecoxib increased EFS-evoked contractions whereas celecoxib and firocoxib were ineffective. These results suggest that the inhibition of prostanoid synthesis does not modify the electrical field-stimulated contractions of isolated horse bronchi. Since EFS-induced contractions of horse bronchi were previously shown to be of full cholinergic nature, the increase caused by diclofenac, meloxicam, carprofen, and parecoxib could be due to an inhibition of acetylcholinesterase; in accordance, these drugs potentiated exogenous acetylcholine-induced but not carbachol-induced bronchial contraction. Indomethacin and SC-560 might instead decrease bronchial contractions by inhibiting calcium currents. Clinical use of meloxicam and carprofen in horses with bronchial hyper-responsiveness requires caution for a potential risk of causing adverse effects due to bronchoconstriction.
Collapse
|
12
|
Leukotriene E 4 induces airflow obstruction and mast cell activation through the cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29518425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene (LT) E4 is the final active metabolite among the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs). Animal studies have identified a distinct LTE4 receptor, suggesting that current cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonists can provide incomplete inhibition of CysLT responses. OBJECTIVE We tested this hypothesis by assessing the influence of the CysLT1 antagonist montelukast on responses induced by means of inhalation of LTE4 in asthmatic patients. METHODS Fourteen patients with mild intermittent asthma and 2 patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease received 20 mg of montelukast twice daily and placebo for 5 to 7 days in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study (NCT01841164). The PD20 value was determined at the end of each treatment period based on an increasing dose challenge. Measurements included lipid mediators in urine and sputum cells 4 hours after LTE4 challenge. RESULTS Montelukast completely blocked LTE4-induced bronchoconstriction. Despite tolerating an at least 10 times higher dose of LTE4 after montelukast, there was no difference in the percentage of eosinophils in sputum. Urinary excretion of all major lipid mediators increased after LTE4 inhalation. Montelukast blocked release of the mast cell product prostaglandin (PG) D2, as well as release of PGF2α and thromboxane (Tx) A2, but not increased excretion of PGE2 and its metabolites or isoprostanes. CONCLUSION LTE4 induces airflow obstruction and mast cell activation through the CysLT1 receptor.
Collapse
|
13
|
O’Sullivan MJ, Gabriel E, Panariti A, Park CY, Ijpma G, Fredberg JJ, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. Epithelial Cells Induce a Cyclo-Oxygenase-1-Dependent Endogenous Reduction in Airway Smooth Muscle Contractile Phenotype. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:683-691. [PMID: 28708434 PMCID: PMC5765417 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0427oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) are phenotypically regulated to exist in either a proliferative or a contractile state. However, the influence of other airway structural cell types on ASMC phenotype is largely unknown. Although epithelial cells are known to drive ASM proliferation, their effects on the contractile phenotype are uncertain. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that epithelial cells reduce the contractile phenotype of ASMCs. To do so, we measured force production by traction microscopy, gene and protein expression, as well as calcium release by Fura-2 ratiometric imaging. ASMCs incubated with epithelial-derived medium produced less force after histamine stimulation. We observed reduced expression of myocardin, α-smooth muscle actin, and calponin within ASMCs after coculture with epithelial cells. Peak calcium release in response to histamine was diminished, and depended on the synthesis of cyclo-oxygenase-1 products by ASM and on prostaglandin E receptors 2 and 4. Together, these in vitro results demonstrate that epithelial cells have the capacity to coordinately reduce ASM contraction by functional antagonism and by reduction of the expression of certain contractile proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. O’Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Elizabeth Gabriel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice Panariti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Chan Y. Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gijs Ijpma
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jeffrey J. Fredberg
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu L, Liu Q, Canning BJ. Evidence for autocrine and paracrine regulation of allergen-induced mast cell mediator release in the guinea pig airways. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 822:108-118. [PMID: 29157985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play an essential role in immediate type hypersensitivity reactions and in chronic allergic diseases of the airways, including asthma. Mast cell mediator release can be modulated by locally released autacoids and circulating hormones, but surprisingly little is known about the autocrine effects of mediators released upon mast cell activation. We thus set out to characterize the autocrine and paracrine effects of mast cell mediators on mast cell activation in the guinea pig airways. By direct measures of histamine, cysteinyl-leukotriene and thromboxane release and with studies of allergen-evoked contractions of airway smooth muscle, we describe a complex interplay amongst these autacoids. Notably, we observed an autocrine effect of the cysteinyl-leukotrienes acting through cysLT1 receptors on mast cell leukotriene release. We confirmed the results of previous studies demonstrating a marked enhancement of mast cell mediator release following cyclooxygenase inhibition, but we have extended these results by showing that COX-2 derived eicosanoids inhibit cysteinyl-leukotriene release and yet are without effect on histamine release. Given the prominent role of COX-1 inhibition in aspirin-sensitive asthma, these data implicate preformed mediators stored in granules as the initial drivers of these adverse reactions. Finally, we describe the paracrine signaling cascade leading to thromboxane synthesis in the guinea pig airways following allergen challenge, which occurs indirectly, secondary to cysLT1 receptor activation on structural cells and/ or leukocytes within the airway wall, and a COX-2 dependent synthesis of the eicosanoid. The results highlight the importance of cell-cell and autocrine interactions in regulating allergic responses in the airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongii University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Brendan J Canning
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K. Annonaceae: Breaking the Wall of Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:752. [PMID: 29104539 PMCID: PMC5654839 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inventories of tropical forests have listed Annonaceae as one of the most diverse plant families. For centuries, it is employed in traditional medicines to cure various pathological conditions including snakebite, analgesic, astringent, diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis pain, rheumatism, neuralgia, and weight loss etc. Phytochemical analysis of Annonaceae family have reported the occurrence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, diterpenes and diterpene flavone glycosides, sterols, lignans, and annonaceous acetogenin characteristically affiliated with Annonaceae sp. Numerous past studies have underlined the pleotropic pharmacological activities of the crude extracts and isolated compounds from Annonaceae species. This review is an effort to abridge the ethnobotany, morphology, phytochemistry, toxicity, and particularly focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity of the Annonaceae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shay AE, Diwakar BT, Guan BJ, Narayan V, Urban JF, Prabhu KS. IL-4 up-regulates cyclooxygenase-1 expression in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14544-14555. [PMID: 28684424 PMCID: PMC5582846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages use various cell-surface receptors to sense their environment and undergo polarized responses. The cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, released from T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells, drive macrophage polarization toward an alternatively activated phenotype (M2). This phenotype is associated with the expression of potent pro-resolving mediators, such as the prostaglandin (PG) D2-derived cyclopentenone metabolite, 15d-PGJ2, produced by the cyclooxygenase (Ptgs; Cox) pathway. Interestingly, IL-4 treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) significantly down-regulates Cox-2 protein expression, whereas Cox-1 levels are significantly increased. This phenomenon not only challenges the dogma that Cox-1 is only developmentally regulated, but also demonstrates a novel mechanism in which IL-4-dependent regulation of Cox-1 involves the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC). Using specific chemical inhibitors, we demonstrate here that IL-4-dependent Cox-1 up-regulation occurs at the post-transcriptional level via the Fes-Akt-mTORC axis. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by metformin, inhibition of mTORC by torin 1, or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic knock-out of tuberous sclerosis complex-2 (Tsc2) blocked the IL-4-dependent expression of Cox-1 and the ability of macrophages to polarize to M2. However, use of 15d-PGJ2 partially rescued the effects of AMPK activation, suggesting the importance of Cox-1 in macrophage polarization as also observed in a model of gastrointestinal helminth clearance. In summary, these findings suggest a new paradigm where IL-4-dependent up-regulation of Cox-1 expression may play a key role in tissue homeostasis and wound healing during Th2-mediated immune responses, such as parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Shay
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Bastihalli T Diwakar
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- the Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Vivek Narayan
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Joseph F Urban
- the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- From the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zloh M, Perez-Diaz N, Tang L, Patel P, Mackenzie LS. Evidence that diclofenac and celecoxib are thyroid hormone receptor beta antagonists. Life Sci 2016; 146:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
18
|
Perez Diaz N, Zloh M, Patel P, Mackenzie LS. In silico modelling of prostacyclin and other lipid mediators to nuclear receptors reveal novel thyroid hormone receptor antagonist properties. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 122:18-27. [PMID: 26686607 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a key mediator involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, acting predominantly on two receptor types; cell surface IP receptor and cytosolic peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ. Having a very short half-life, direct methods to determine its long term effects on cells is difficult, and little is known of its interactions with nuclear receptors. Here we used computational chemistry methods to investigate the potential for PGI2, beraprost (IP receptor agonist), and GW0742 (PPARβ/δ agonist), to bind to nuclear receptors, confirmed with pharmacological methods. In silico screening predicted that PGI2, beraprost, and GW0742 have the potential to bind to different nuclear receptors, in particular thyroid hormone β receptor (TRβ) and thyroid hormone α receptor (TRα). Docking analysis predicts a binding profile to residues thought to have allosteric control on the TR ligand binding site. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that beraprost and GW0742 display TRβ and TRα antagonistic properties; beraprost IC50 6.3 × 10(-5)mol/L and GW0742 IC50 4.9 × 10(-6) mol/L. Changes to triiodothyronine (T3) induced vasodilation of rat mesenteric arteries measured on the wire myograph were measured in the presence of the TR antagonist MLS000389544 (10(-5) mol/L), beraprost (10(-5) mol/L) and GW0742 (10(-5) mol/L); all significantly inhibited T3 induced vasodilation compared to controls. We have shown that both beraprost and GW0742 exhibit TRβ and TRα antagonist behaviour, and suggests that PGI2 has the ability to affect the long term function of cells through binding to and inactivating thyroid hormone receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Perez Diaz
- Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Mire Zloh
- Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Pryank Patel
- Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Louise S Mackenzie
- Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson PB. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an Analgesic and Ergogenic Aid in Sport: A Systemic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2980-95. [PMID: 26200194 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a popular spice used to treat a variety of maladies, including pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used by athletes to manage and prevent pain; unfortunately, NSAIDs contribute to substantial adverse effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, hyponatremia, impairment of connective tissue remodeling, endurance competition withdrawal, and cardiovascular disease. Ginger, however, may act as a promoter of GI integrity and as a bronchodilator. Given these potentially positive effects of ginger, a systematic review of randomized trials was performed to assess the evidence for ginger as an analgesic and ergogenic aid for exercise training and sport. Among 7 studies examining ginger as an analgesic, the evidence indicates that roughly 2 g·d(-1) of ginger may modestly reduce muscle pain stemming from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, particularly if taken for a minimum of 5 days. Among 9 studies examining ginger as an ergogenic aid, no discernable effects on body composition, metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, isometric force generation, or perceived exertion were observed. Limited data suggest that ginger may accelerate recovery of maximal strength after eccentric resistance exercise and reduce the inflammatory response to cardiorespiratory exercise. Major limitations to the research include the use of untrained individuals, insufficient reporting on adverse events, and no direct comparisons with NSAID ingestion. While ginger taken over 1-2 weeks may reduce pain from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged running, more research is needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy as an analgesic for a wide range of athletic endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Wilson
- Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bood JR, Sundblad BM, Delin I, Sjödin M, Larsson K, Anderson SD, Wheelock CE, Dahlén SE, Dahlén B. Urinary excretion of lipid mediators in response to repeated eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea in asthmatic subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:272-9. [PMID: 26112240 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00301.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction displays refractoriness manifested as a decreased response to repeated exercise challenge within hours. The refractoriness may be attenuated by inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PG). The aim of the study was to determine which PGs and other lipid mediators are excreted during the refractory period. First, 16 subjects with mild stable asthma performed two repeated 4-min challenges with eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) 1 and 3 h apart. There was a similar degree of refractoriness in both protocols (∼15% protection). The 1-h interval was too short to study mediator excretion because the urinary levels did not return to baseline before the second challenge. With the 3-h protocol, there was increased urinary excretion of cysteinyl-leukotrienes and metabolites of the mast cell product PGD2 after both challenges. Next, another eight subjects performed two 6-min challenges with EVH 3 h apart, which produced a greater bronchoconstrictor response than the 4-min protocol (30.0 ± 5.4 vs. 17.7 ± 1.5%; P = 0.0029) and a greater degree of refractoriness (∼30%). Analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry confirmed excretion of the bronchoconstrictor cysteinyl-leukotrienes and PGD2 during both challenges. In addition, there was increased excretion of the bronchoprotective PGE2, and also of the main metabolite of PGI2. This is the first report of excretion of PGE2 and PGI2 during the refractory period to EVH challenge, suggesting that they may mediate the refractoriness. Maintained excretion of PGD2 and leukotriene E4 following the repeat challenge argues against mast cell mediator depletion as the mechanism of refractoriness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan R Bood
- Lung and Allergy Research, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Britt-Marie Sundblad
- Lung and Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Delin
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Sjödin
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Kjell Larsson
- Lung and Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra D Anderson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- The Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbro Dahlén
- Lung and Allergy Research, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Säfholm J, Manson ML, Bood J, Delin I, Orre AC, Bergman P, Al-Ameri M, Dahlén SE, Adner M. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits mast cell-dependent bronchoconstriction in human small airways through the E prostanoid subtype 2 receptor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1232-9.e1. [PMID: 25962903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled prostaglandin (PG) E2 might inhibit asthmatic responses, but the mechanisms involved remain undefined. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the direct and indirect effects of PGE2 on human small airways with particular reference to the receptors mediating the responses. METHODS Contraction and relaxation were studied in isolated human bronchi with an inner diameter of 1 mm or less. RESULTS Low concentrations of PGE2 (0.01-1 μmol/L) relaxed the bronchi precontracted by histamine. The bronchodilator response was inhibited by the E prostanoid (EP) subtype 4 receptor antagonist ONO-AE3-208 but unaffected by the EP2 receptor antagonist PF-04418948. Higher concentrations of PGE2 (10-100 μmol/L) contracted the small airways. However, the TP receptor agonists U-46,619, PGF2α, and PGD2 were more potent than PGE2. Moreover, the bronchoconstrictor responses to PGE2 and all other tested prostanoids, including the EP1/EP3 receptor agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 and the partial FP receptor agonist AL-8810, were uniformly abolished by the TP receptor antagonist SQ-29,548. In the presence of TP and EP4 antagonists, PGE2 inhibited the mast cell-mediated bronchoconstriction resulting from anti-IgE challenge. Measurement of the release of histamine and cysteinyl leukotrienes documented that this bronchoprotective action of PGE2 was mediated by the EP2 receptor, unrelated to bronchodilation, and increased with time of exposure. CONCLUSION The pharmacology of PGE2 in isolated human small airways was different from its profile in animal models. This first demonstration of powerful EP2 receptor-mediated inhibition of IgE-dependent contractions in human airways introduces a new selective target for the treatment of asthma. This EP2 control of mast cell-mediated bronchoconstriction is presumably exaggerated in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Säfholm
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martijn L Manson
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Bood
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Delin
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Orre
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Bergman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mamdoh Al-Ameri
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li B, Su K, Yang G, Feng Y, Xia L, Yin S. Assessment of the potential ototoxicity of high-dose celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in rats. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 152:1108-12. [PMID: 25779473 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815573702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential ototoxicity of high-dose celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. STUDY DESIGN Prospective animal study. SETTING Laboratory. METHODS Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups for hearing and tinnitus tests, respectively. The auditory brain-stem response (ABR) and the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) were used as indicators of hearing loss and tinnitus, respectively, and were measured before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after administration of celecoxib (2 g/kg) via gavage. RESULTS ABR threshold and wave III latencies did not increase significantly at any frequency following celecoxib administration, at any time point (P > .05). GPIAS remained below 30% after celecoxib, from a baseline of 20.03% ± 3.62%; no change was significant. CONCLUSION High-dose celecoxib (2 g/kg), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, did not cause hearing loss or tinnitus in Sprague Dawley rats within 48 hours of administration. Further studies are needed to explore the roles played by COX-related mechanisms when nonselective COX inhibitors induce ototoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Depletion of C3orf1/TIMMDC1 inhibits migration and proliferation in 95D lung carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20555-71. [PMID: 25391042 PMCID: PMC4264183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we identified an association of high expression of c3orf1, also known as TIMMDC1 (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane domain-containing protein 1), with metastatic characteristics in lung carcinoma cells. To investigate the preliminary function and mechanism of this mitochondrial protein, we depleted C3orf1 expression by introducing siRNA into 95D lung carcinoma cells. We demonstrated that C3orf1 depletion significantly suppressed 95D cell growth and migration. We confirmed C3orf1 localization in the inner mitochondrial membrane and showed that mitochondrial viability, membrane potential, and ATPase activity were remarkably reduced upon depletion of C3orf1. Microarray data indicated that genes involved in regulation of cell death, migration, and cell-cycle arrest were significantly altered after C3orf1 depletion for 48 h. The expression of genes involved in focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and p53-signaling pathways were notably altered. Furthermore, cell-cycle arrest genes such as CCNG2 and PTEN as well as genes involved in cell migration inhibition, such as TIMP3 and COL3A1, were upregulated after C3orf1 depletion in 95D cells. Concurrently, expression of the migration-promoting gene NUPR1 was markedly reduced, as confirmed by real-time PCR. We conclude that C3orf1 is critical for mitochondrial function, migration, and proliferation in 95D lung carcinoma cells. Depletion of C3orf1 inhibited cell migration and cell proliferation in association with upregulation of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest and cell migration inhibition. These results suggest that C3orf1 (TIMMDC1) may be a viable treatment target for lung carcinoma, and that further study of the role of this protein in lung carcinoma pathogenesis is justified.
Collapse
|
24
|
Effects of selective COX-2 inhibition on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:306-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
25
|
Martin RA, Hodgkins SR, Dixon AE, Poynter ME. Aligning mouse models of asthma to human endotypes of disease. Respirology 2014; 19:823-33. [PMID: 24811131 PMCID: PMC4107015 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Substantial gains in understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying asthma have been made using preclinical mouse models. However, because asthma is a complex, heterogeneous syndrome that is rarely due to a single allergen and that often presents in the absence of atopy, few of the promising therapeutics that demonstrated effectiveness in mouse models have translated into new treatments for patients. This has resulted in an urgent need to characterize T helper (Th) 2-low, non-eosinophilic subsets of asthma, to study models that are resistant to conventional treatments such as corticosteroids and to develop therapies targeting patients with severe disease. Classifying asthma based on underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, known as endotyping, offers a stratified approach for the development of new therapies for asthma. In preclinical research, new models of asthma are being utilized that more closely resemble the clinical features of different asthma endotypes, including the presence of interleukin-17 and a Th17 response, a biomarker of severe disease. These models utilize more physiologically relevant sensitizing agents, exacerbating factors and allergens, as well as incorporate time points that better reflect the natural history and chronicity of clinical asthma. Importantly, some models better represent non-classical asthma endotypes that facilitate the study of non-Th2-driven pathology and resemble the complex nature of clinical asthma, including corticosteroid resistance. Placing mouse asthma models into the context of human asthma endotypes will afford a more relevant approach to the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of disease that will afford the development of new therapies for those asthmatics that remain difficult to treat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Martin
- Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi M, Shi G, Tang J, Kong D, Bao Y, Xiao B, Zuo C, Wang T, Wang Q, Shen Y, Wang H, Funk CD, Zhou J, Yu Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell function is diminished in aspirin-triggered allergic airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1163-74.e16. [PMID: 24948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, but their regulation in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize MDSC accumulation and pathogenic functions in allergic airway inflammation mediated by COX-1 deficiency or aspirin treatment in mice. METHODS Allergic airway inflammation was induced in mice by means of ovalbumin challenge. The distribution and function of MDSCs in mice were analyzed by using flow cytometry and pharmacologic/gene manipulation approaches. RESULTS CD11b(+)Gr1(high)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(int) MDSCs (polymorphonuclear MDSCs [PMN-MDSCs]) recruited to the lungs are negatively correlated with airway inflammation in allergen-challenged mice. Aspirin-treated and COX-1 knockout (KO) mice showed significantly lower accumulation of PMN-MDSCs in the inflamed lung and immune organs accompanied by increased TH2 airway responses. The TH2-suppressive function of PMN-MDSCs was notably impaired by COX-1 deletion or inhibition, predominantly through downregulation of arginase-1. COX-1-derived prostaglandin E2 promoted PMN-MDSC generation in bone marrow through E prostanoid 2 and 4 receptors (EP2 and EP4), whereas the impaired arginase-1 expression in PMN-MDSCs in COX-1 KO mice was mediated by dysregulation of the prostaglandin E2/EP4/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway. EP4 agonist administration alleviated allergy-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in COX-1 KO mice. Moreover, the immunosuppressive function of PMN-MDSCs from patients with AIA was dramatically decreased compared with that from patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma. CONCLUSION The immunosuppressive activity of PMN-MDSCs was diminished in both allergen-challenged COX-1 KO mice and patients with AIA, probably through an EP4-mediated signaling pathway, indicating that activation of PMN-MDSCs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for asthma, particularly AIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Deping Kong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Bao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caojian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hayashi S, Ueno N, Murase A, Takada J. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of novel and diverse cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory drugs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 29:846-67. [PMID: 24517373 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.864650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the pivotal role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the inflammatory processes, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that suppress COX activities have been used clinically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases/syndromes; however, traditional NSAIDs exhibit serious side-effects such as gastrointestinal damage and hyper sensitivity owing to their COX-1 inhibition. Also, COX-2 inhibition-derived suppressive or preventive effects against initiation/proliferation/invasion/motility/recurrence/metastasis of various cancers/tumours such as colon, gastric, skin, lung, liver, pancreas, breast, prostate, cervical and ovarian cancers are significant. In this study, design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of various novel {2-[(2-, 3- and/or 4-substituted)-benzoyl, (bicyclic heterocycloalkanophenyl)carbonyl or cycloalkanecarbonyl]-(5- or 6-substituted)-1H-indol-3-yl}acetic acid analogues were investigated to seek and identify various chemotypes of potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, resulting in the discovery of orally potent agents in the peripheral-inflammation model rats. The SARs and physicochemical properties for the analogues are described as significant findings. For graphical abstract: see Supplementary Material. ( www.informahealthcare.com/enz ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Hayashi
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Japan Inc. , Taketoyo, Aichi , Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Formaldehyde inhalation reduces respiratory mechanics in a rat model with allergic lung inflammation by altering the nitric oxide/cyclooxygenase-derived products relationship. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:731-8. [PMID: 23871789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a hallmark of asthma and many factors modulate bronchoconstriction episodes. A potential correlation of formaldehyde (FA) inhalation and asthma has been observed; however, the exact role of FA remains controversial. We investigated the effects of FA inhalation on Ovalbumin (OVA) sensitisation using a parameter of respiratory mechanics. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-derived products were also evaluated. The rats were submitted, or not, to FA inhalation (1%, 90 min/day, 3 days) and were OVA-sensitised and challenged 14 days later. Our data showed that previous FA exposure in allergic rats reduced bronchial responsiveness, respiratory resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) to methacholine. FA exposure in allergic rats also increased the iNOS gene expression and reduced COX-1. L-NAME treatment exacerbated the bronchial hyporesponsiveness and did not modify the Ers and Rrs, while Indomethacin partially reversed all of the parameters studied. The L-NAME and Indomethacin treatments reduced leukotriene B₄ levels while they increased thromboxane B₂ and prostaglandin E₂. In conclusion, FA exposure prior to OVA sensitisation reduces the respiratory mechanics and the interaction of NO and PGE₂ may be representing a compensatory mechanism in order to protect the lung from bronchoconstriction effects.
Collapse
|
29
|
Säfholm J, Dahlén SE, Delin I, Maxey K, Stark K, Cardell LO, Adner M. PGE2 maintains the tone of the guinea pig trachea through a balance between activation of contractile EP1 receptors and relaxant EP2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:794-806. [PMID: 22934927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The guinea pig trachea (GPT) is commonly used in airway pharmacology. The aim of this study was to define the expression and function of EP receptors for PGE(2) in GPT as there has been ambiguity concerning their role. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression of mRNA for EP receptors and key enzymes in the PGE(2) pathway were assessed by real-time PCR using species-specific primers. Functional studies of GPT were performed in tissue organ baths. KEY RESULTS Expression of mRNA for the four EP receptors was found in airway smooth muscle. PGE(2) displayed a bell-shaped concentration-response curve, where the initial contraction was inhibited by the EP(1) receptor antagonist ONO-8130 and the subsequent relaxation by the EP(2) receptor antagonist PF-04418948. Neither EP(3) (ONO-AE5-599) nor EP(4) (ONO-AE3-208) selective receptor antagonists affected the response to PGE(2). Expression of COX-2 was greater than COX-1 in GPT, and the spontaneous tone was most effectively abolished by selective COX-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, ONO-8130 and a specific PGE(2) antibody eliminated the spontaneous tone, whereas the EP(2) antagonist PF-04418948 increased it. Antagonists of other prostanoid receptors had no effect on basal tension. The relaxant EP(2) response to PGE(2) was maintained after long-term culture, whereas the contractile EP(1) response showed homologous desensitization to PGE(2), which was prevented by COX-inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Endogenous PGE(2), synthesized predominantly by COX-2, maintains the spontaneous tone of GPT by a balance between contractile EP(1) receptors and relaxant EP(2) receptors. The model may be used to study interactions between EP receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Säfholm
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nezvalová-Henriksen K, Spigset O, Nordeng H. Effects of ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and piroxicam on the course of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2013; 120:948-59. [PMID: 23489333 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the individual effects of ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and piroxicam on pregnancy outcome. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Norwegian population. POPULATION A total of 90 417 women and singleton child pairs. METHODS The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and Medical Birth Registry of Norway data sets were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Infant survival, congenital malformations, structural heart defects, neonatal complications, haemorrhage during pregnancy and postpartum, asthma at age of 18 months. RESULTS One or more of the four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used by 6511 pregnant women (7.2%). No effect on rates of infant survival, congenital malformation, or structural heart defects was found. The use of ibuprofen in the second trimester was significantly associated with low birthweight (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3), and ibuprofen use in the second and third trimesters was significantly associated with asthma in 18-month-old children (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9; adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1). The use of diclofenac in the second trimester was significantly associated with low birthweight (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.0), whereas diclofenac use in the third trimester was significantly associated with maternal vaginal bleeding (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0). No associations with other neonatal complications were found. CONCLUSIONS The lack of associations with congenital malformations is reassuring. The significant association between diclofenac and ibuprofen use late in pregnancy, and maternal bleeding and asthma in the child, respectively, is consistent with their pharmacological effects. The increased risk of low birthweight may partly have been caused by underlying inflammatory conditions, and was reassuringly similar to the expected baseline risk of low birthweight.
Collapse
|
31
|
Agache I, Akdis C, Jutel M, Virchow JC. Untangling asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Allergy 2012; 67:835-46. [PMID: 22594878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma phenotypes have been developed to address the complexities of the disease. However, owing to a lack of longitudinal studies, little is known about the onset as well as the stability of phenotypes. Distinguishing phenotypes with regard to the severity or duration of the disease is essential. A phenotype covers the clinically relevant properties of the disease, but does not show the direct relationship to disease etiology and pathophysiology. Different pathogenetic mechanisms might cause similar asthma symptoms and might be operant in a certain phenotype. These putative mechanisms are addressed by the term 'endotype'. Classification of asthma based on endotypes provides advantages for epidemiological, genetic, and drug-related studies. A successful definition of endotypes should link key pathogenic mechanisms with the asthma phenotype. Thus, the identification of corresponding molecular biomarkers for individual pathogenic mechanism underlying phenotypes or subgroups within a phenotype is important. Whether newly defined asthma endotypes predict the individual course of asthma has to be validated in longitudinal studies. The accurate endotyping reflects natural history of asthma and should help to predict treatment response. Thus, understanding asthma endotypes might be useful in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Agache
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University; Brasov; Romania
| | - C. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos; Switzerland
| | - M. Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw; Poland
| | - J. C. Virchow
- Department of Pulmonology, Intensive Care Medicine, Zentrum f. Innere Medizin; Klinik I, University Clinic Rostock; Rostock; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Higashi A, Kumlin M, Higashi N, Daham K, Gaber F, Lindeberg A, James A, Skedinger M, Delin I, Gyllfors P, Dahlén SE, Dahlén B. Challenge of isolated sputum cells supports in vivo origin of intolerance reaction to aspirin/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:299-306. [PMID: 22398682 DOI: 10.1159/000331433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no in vitro test to diagnose aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA). The aim of this study was to test if challenge with aspirin of sputum cells from subjects with AIA triggers the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), known to be mediators of bronchoconstriction in AIA. METHODS Sputum induction was performed at baseline and at another visit 2 h after a lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation in 10 subjects with AIA and 9 subjects with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). The isolated sputum cells were incubated for ex vivo challenge. RESULTS Release of CysLTs by sputum cells from patients with AIA was not induced by lysine-aspirin ex vivo, neither when cells were collected at baseline nor in sputum cells recovered after lysine-aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction, whereas release of CysLTs from sputum cells was triggered by an ionophore on both occasions. However, the CysLT levels elicited by the ionophore were higher in the AIA group both at baseline (AIA vs. ATA: 3.3 vs. 1.6 ng/million cells; p < 0.05) and after the lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation (3.9 vs. 1.7 ng/million cells; p < 0.05). This difference in the amount of CysLTs released between the groups appeared to be related to the number of eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Intolerance to aspirin could not be triggered in sputum cells isolated from subjects with AIA. Together with the previous inability to demonstrate intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in isolated blood cells, these results support the requirement of tissue-resident cells in the adverse reaction. However, ex vivo stimulation of sputum cells may be developed into a new test of capacity for LT release in inflammatory cells recovered from airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Higashi
- Unit of Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim JH, Kang JW, Kim M, Lee DH, Kim H, Choi HS, Kim EJ, Chung IM, Chung IY, Yoon DY. The liquid Panax ginseng inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced metalloproteinase 9 and cyclooxygenase 2 expressions via inhibition of inhibitor factor kappa-B-alpha and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 25:e55-9. [PMID: 21679500 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been used in Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases. However, the mechanisms of liquid Panax ginseng (LG) on allergic inflammatory response in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated human airway epithelial cells remain largely unclear. METHODS MUC5AC, cyclooxygenase (COX) 2, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expressions were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and gelatin zymogram analyses in NCI-H292 cells. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS To gain insight into the antiallergy effects of LG, we examined its influence on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MMP-9 and COX-2 productions in NCI-H292 cells. LG was treated for 1 hour and then followed by EGF treatment for 24 hours into NCI-H292 cells. The decrease of COX-2 production was correlated with the reduced levels of proteins and mRNAs of inducible MMP-9 and MUC5AC. LG blocked upstream signaling of NF-kappa-B activation via inhibition of phosphorylations of inhibitor factor-kappa- B-alpha (I-kappa-B-alpha) and ERK. These results suggest that LG protects NCI-H292 cells from EGF-induced damage by down-regulation of COX-2, MMP-9, and MUC5AC gene expressions by blocking NF-kappa-B and ERK. CONCLUSION LG modulates allergic inflammatory response in EGF-stimulated NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cells via inhibition of I-kappa-B-alpha and ERK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Biocience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lundström SL, Levänen B, Nording M, Klepczynska-Nyström A, Sköld M, Haeggström JZ, Grunewald J, Svartengren M, Hammock BD, Larsson BM, Eklund A, Wheelock ÅM, Wheelock CE. Asthmatics exhibit altered oxylipin profiles compared to healthy individuals after subway air exposure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23864. [PMID: 21897859 PMCID: PMC3163588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and oxidants are important factors in causing exacerbations in asthmatics, and the source and composition of pollutants greatly affects pathological implications. OBJECTIVES This randomized crossover study investigated responses of the respiratory system to Stockholm subway air in asthmatics and healthy individuals. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins were quantified in the distal lung to provide a measure of shifts in lipid mediators in association with exposure to subway air relative to ambient air. METHODS Sixty-four oxylipins representing the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathways were screened using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-fluid. Validations through immunocytochemistry staining of BAL-cells were performed for 15-LOX-1, COX-1, COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Multivariate statistics were employed to interrogate acquired oxylipin and immunocytochemistry data in combination with patient clinical information. RESULTS Asthmatics and healthy individuals exhibited divergent oxylipin profiles following exposure to ambient and subway air. Significant changes were observed in 8 metabolites of linoleic- and α-linolenic acid synthesized via the 15-LOX pathway, and of the COX product prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Oxylipin levels were increased in healthy individuals following exposure to subway air, whereas asthmatics evidenced decreases or no change. CONCLUSIONS Several of the altered oxylipins have known or suspected bronchoprotective or anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a possible reduced anti-inflammatory response in asthmatics following exposure to subway air. These observations may have ramifications for sensitive subpopulations in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna L. Lundström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina Levänen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Nording
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Klepczynska-Nyström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Svartengren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Britt-Marie Larsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CEW); (AMW)
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CEW); (AMW)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pasaje CFA, Bae JS, Park BL, Cheong HS, Jang AS, Uh ST, Kim MK, Kim JH, Park TJ, Lee JS, Kim Y, Park CS, Shin HD. Lack of association between CD58 genetic variations and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in a Korean population. J Asthma 2011; 48:539-45. [PMID: 21726122 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.589557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbation of asthma symptoms due to aspirin ingestion may lead to life-threatening lung failure. The adhesion molecule CD58 gene may play a crucial role in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) pathogenesis by mediating the biological functions of asthma-inducing mechanisms including T helper cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and natural killer T cells. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of CD58 variations with aspirin-induced bronchospasm in Korean asthma patients. METHODS Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected for genotyping based on previously reported polymorphisms in the International HapMap database. Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan assay and 2 major haplotypes were obtained in 163 AERD cases and 429 aspirin-tolerant asthma controls. Frequency distributions of CD58 variations were analyzed using logistic and regression models. RESULTS Results showed that none of the analyzed CD58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes was significantly associated with AERD development and fall rate of FEV(1) by aspirin provocation, an important diagnostic marker of aspirin hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that CD58 does not affect AERD susceptibility in a Korean population, and may provide a new direction for future disease etiology.
Collapse
|
36
|
Haines DD, Varga B, Bak I, Juhasz B, Mahmoud FF, Kalantari H, Gesztelyi R, Lekli I, Czompa A, Tosaki A. Summative interaction between astaxanthin, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) and vitamin C in suppression of respiratory inflammation: a comparison with ibuprofen. Phytother Res 2011; 25:128-36. [PMID: 20632299 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, combinations of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb761) plus the carotenoid antioxidant astaxanthin (ASX) and vitamin C were evaluated for a summative dose effect in the inhibition of asthma-associated inflammation in asthmatic guinea-pigs. Ovalbumin-sensitized Hartley guinea-pigs challenged with ovalbumin aerosol to induce asthma, were administered EGb761, ASX, vitamin C or ibuprofen. Following killing, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was evaluated for inflammatory cell infiltrates and lung tissue cyclic nucleotide content. Each parameter measured was significantly altered to a greater degree by drug combinations, than by each component acting independently. An optimal combination was identified that included astaxanthin (10 mg/kg), vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and EGb761 (10 mg/kg), resulting in counts of eosinophils and neutrophils each 1.6-fold lower; macrophages 1.8-fold lower, cAMP 1.4-fold higher; and cGMP 2.04-fold higher than levels in untreated, asthmatic animals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EGb761, ASX and vitamin C are shown here to interact summatively to suppress inflammation with efficacy equal to or better than ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). Such combinations of non-toxic phytochemicals constitute powerful tools for the prevention of onset of acute and chronic inflammatory disease if consumed regularly by healthy individuals; and may also augment the effectiveness of therapy for those with established illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Haines
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Trapping of palindromic ligands within native transthyretin prevents amyloid formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:20483-8. [PMID: 21059958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1008255107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is a fatal disease for which new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. We have designed two palindromic ligands, 2,2'-(4,4'-(heptane-1,7-diylbis(oxy))bis(3,5-dichloro-4,1-phenylene)) bis(azanediyl)dibenzoic acid (mds84) and 2,2'-(4,4'-(undecane-1,11-diylbis(oxy))bis(3,5-dichloro-4,1-phenylene)) bis(azanediyl)dibenzoic acid (4ajm15), that are rapidly bound by native wild-type TTR in whole serum and even more avidly by amyloidogenic TTR variants. One to one stoichiometry, demonstrable in solution and by MS, was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis showing simultaneous occupation of both T4 binding sites in each tetrameric TTR molecule by the pair of ligand head groups. Ligand binding by native TTR was irreversible under physiological conditions, and it stabilized the tetrameric assembly and inhibited amyloidogenic aggregation more potently than other known ligands. These superstabilizers are orally bioavailable and exhibit low inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX). They offer a promising platform for development of drugs to treat and prevent TTR amyloidosis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Swedin L, Ellis R, Neimert-Andersson T, Ryrfeldt A, Nilsson G, Inman M, Dahlén SE, Adner M. Prostaglandin modulation of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice sensitized without adjuvant. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010; 92:44-53. [PMID: 20214998 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As adjuvant during sensitization may cause unspecific immune reactions, the aim of the present study was to define the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an adjuvant-free allergic mouse model. Administration of diclofenac and indomethacin (non-selective COX inhibitors), FR122047 (COX-1 inhibitor) and lumiracoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor) enhanced AHR. Only diclofenac and lumiracoxib reduced the inflammatory cell content of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Moreover, levels of prostaglandins in BAL were reduced by indomethacin and FR122047 but were unaffected by lumiracoxib. However, compared with antigen controls, none of the COX inhibitors displayed major effects on the production of cytokines, smooth muscle mass, number of goblet cells and eosinophils, or collagen deposition in the airways. These data in mice sensitized without adjuvant support the fact that COX products have a general bronchoprotective role in allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, the data suggest that COX-1 activity predominantly generates prostanoids in BAL, whereas COX-2 activity is associated with the accumulation of inflammatory cells in BAL. This study further supports that AHR on the one hand, and the inflammatory response and generation of prostanoids on the other, are dissociated and, at least in part, uncoupled events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Swedin
- The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|