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Smit V, de Mol J, Kleijn MNAB, Depuydt MAC, de Winther MPJ, Bot I, Kuiper J, Foks AC. Sexual dimorphism in atherosclerotic plaques of aged Ldlr -/- mice. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38698438 PMCID: PMC11064395 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, the main underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and immune cell responses in the vascular wall, resulting in plaque formation. It is well-known that atherosclerosis prevalence and manifestation vary by sex. However, sexual dimorphism in the immune landscape of atherosclerotic plaques has up to date not been studied at high-resolution. In this study, we investigated sex-specific differences in atherosclerosis development and the immunological landscape of aortas at single-cell level in aged Ldlr-/- mice. METHODS We compared plaque morphology between aged male and female chow diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice (22 months old) with histological analysis. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry on CD45+ immune cells from aortas of aged Ldlr-/- mice, we explored the immune landscape in the atherosclerotic environment in males and females. RESULTS We show that plaque volume is comparable in aged male and female mice, and that plaques in aged female mice contain more collagen and cholesterol crystals, but less necrotic core and macrophage content compared to males. We reveal increased immune cell infiltration in female aortas and found that expression of pro-atherogenic markers and inflammatory signaling pathways was enriched in plaque immune cells of female mice. Particularly, female aortas show enhanced activation of B cells (Egr1, Cd83, Cd180), including age-associated B cells, in addition to an increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio, where Il1b+ M1-like macrophages display a more pro-inflammatory phenotype (Nlrp3, Cxcl2, Mmp9) compared to males. In contrast, increased numbers of age-associated Gzmk+CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Trem2+ macrophages were observed in male aortas. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings highlight that sex is a variable that contributes to immunological differences in the atherosclerotic plaque environment in mice and provide valuable insights for further preclinical studies into the impact of sex on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Smit
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jill de Mol
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- LACDR, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Shu Y, Jin S. Caveolin-1 in endothelial cells: A potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18653. [PMID: 37554846 PMCID: PMC10405014 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease characterized by lipid accumulation and the activation of the inflammatory response; it remains the leading nation-wide cause of death. Early in the progression of AS, stimulation by pro-inflammatory agonists (TNF-α, LPS, and others), oxidized lipoproteins (ox-LDL), and biomechanical stimuli (low shear stress) lead to endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Consequently, it is crucial to investigate how endothelial cells respond to different stressors and ways to alter endothelial cell activation in AS development, as they are the earliest cells to respond. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a 21-24-kDa membrane protein located in caveolae and highly expressed in endothelial cells, which plays a vital role in regulating lipid transport, inflammatory responses, and various cellular signaling pathways and has atherogenic effects. This review summarizes recent studies on the structure and physiological functions of Cav1 and outlines the potential mechanisms it mediates in AS development. Included are the roles of Cav1 in the regulation of endothelial cell autophagy, response to shear stress, modulation of the eNOS/NO axis, and transduction of inflammatory signaling pathways. This review provides a rationale for proposing Cav1 as a novel target for the prevention of AS, as well as new ideas for therapeutic strategies for early AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 39 Lake Road, East Lake Ecological Scenic, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 39 Lake Road, East Lake Ecological Scenic, Wuhan, 430077, China
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3
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Enyong EN, Gurley JM, De Ieso ML, Stamer WD, Elliott MH. Caveolar and non-Caveolar Caveolin-1 in ocular homeostasis and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101094. [PMID: 35729002 PMCID: PMC9669151 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae, specialized plasma membrane invaginations present in most cell types, play important roles in multiple cellular processes including cell signaling, lipid uptake and metabolism, endocytosis and mechanotransduction. They are found in almost all cell types but most abundant in endothelial cells, adipocytes and fibroblasts. Caveolin-1 (Cav1), the signature structural protein of caveolae was the first protein associated with caveolae, and in association with Cavin1/PTRF is required for caveolae formation. Genetic ablation of either Cav1 or Cavin1/PTRF downregulates expression of the other resulting in loss of caveolae. Studies using Cav1-deficient mouse models have implicated caveolae with human diseases such as cardiomyopathies, lipodystrophies, diabetes and muscular dystrophies. While caveolins and caveolae are extensively studied in extra-ocular settings, their contributions to ocular function and disease pathogenesis are just beginning to be appreciated. Several putative caveolin/caveolae functions are relevant to the eye and Cav1 is highly expressed in retinal vascular and choroidal endothelium, Müller glia, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the Schlemm's canal endothelium and trabecular meshwork cells. Variants at the CAV1/2 gene locus are associated with risk of primary open angle glaucoma and the high risk HTRA1 variant for age-related macular degeneration is thought to exert its effect through regulation of Cav1 expression. Caveolins also play important roles in modulating retinal neuroinflammation and blood retinal barrier permeability. In this article, we describe the current state of caveolin/caveolae research in the context of ocular function and pathophysiology. Finally, we discuss new evidence showing that retinal Cav1 exists and functions outside caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Enyong
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jami M Gurley
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael L De Ieso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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4
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5,2′-Dibromo-2,4′,5′-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone Inhibits LPS-Induced Vascular Inflammation by Targeting the Cav1 Protein. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092884. [PMID: 35566232 PMCID: PMC9101869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is directly responsible for atherosclerosis. 5,2′-Dibromo-2,4′,5′-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone (TDD), a synthetic bromophenol derivative, exhibits anti-atherosclerosis and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the underlying pathways are not yet clear. In this study, we first examined the effects of TDD on toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activity, the signaling receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and found that TDD does not inhibit LPS-induced TLR4 expression in EA.hy926 cells and the vascular wall in vivo. Next, we investigated the global protein alterations and the mechanisms underlying the action of TDD in LPS-treated EA.hy926 cells using an isobaric tag for the relative and absolute quantification technique. Western blot analysis revealed that TDD inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation IκBα. Among the differentially expressed proteins, TDD concentration-dependently inhibited Caveolin 1(Cav1) expression. The interaction between Cav1 and TDD was determined by using biolayer interference assay, UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectrum, and molecular docking. We found that TDD can directly bind to Cav1 through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. In conclusion, our results showed that TDD inhibited LPS-induced vascular inflammation and the NF-κB signaling pathway by specifically targeting the Cav1 protein. TDD may be a novel anti-inflammatory compound, especially for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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6
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Abaj F, Saeedy SAG, Mirzaei K. Mediation role of body fat distribution (FD) on the relationship between CAV1 rs3807992 polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:202. [PMID: 34384444 PMCID: PMC8359537 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in almost all chronic diseases. The most frequent methods for the calculation of a continuous MetS (cMetS) score have used the standardized residuals in linear regression (z-score). Recently, emerging data suggest that one of the main genetic targets is the CAV1, which plays a crucial role in regulating body fat distribution. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between CAV1 rs3807992 genotypes and cMetS, and to determine whether body fat distribution plays a mediating role in this regard. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 386 overweight and obese females. The CAV1 rs3807992 and body composition were measured by the PCR-RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Serum profile of HDL-C, TGs, FPG, and Insulin were measured by standard protocols. RESULTS GG allele carriers had significantly lowered Z-MAP (p = 0.02), total cMetS (p = 0.03) and higher Z-HDL (p = 0.001) compared with (A) allele carriers. There was a significant specific indirect effect (standardized coefficient = 0.19; 95% CI 0.01-0.4) of Visceral fat level (VFL). Although, total body fat was significantly associated with CAV1 rs3807992 and cMetS, the specific indirect effect was not significant (standardized coefficient = 0.21; 95% CI - 0.006, 0.44). VFL contributed to significant indirect effects of 35% on the relationship between CAV1 and cMetS. CONCLUSION Higher visceral adipose tissue may affect the relationship between CAV1 and cMetS. Although CAV1 rs3807992 is linked to VFL in our study, the influence of this polymorphism on MetS is not via total fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Michell DL, Shihata WA, Andrews KL, Abidin NAZ, Jefferis AM, Sampson AK, Lumsden NG, Huet O, Parat MO, Jennings GL, Parton RG, Woollard KJ, Kaye DM, Chin-Dusting JPF, Murphy AJ. High intraluminal pressure promotes vascular inflammation via caveolin-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5894. [PMID: 33723357 PMCID: PMC7960707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aetiology and progression of hypertension involves various endogenous systems, such as the renin angiotensin system, the sympathetic nervous system, and endothelial dysfunction. Recent data suggest that vascular inflammation may also play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study sought to determine whether high intraluminal pressure results in vascular inflammation. Leukocyte adhesion was assessed in rat carotid arteries exposed to 1 h of high intraluminal pressure. The effect of intraluminal pressure on signaling mechanisms including reactive oxygen species production (ROS), arginase expression, and NFĸB translocation was monitored. 1 h exposure to high intraluminal pressure (120 mmHg) resulted in increased leukocyte adhesion and inflammatory gene expression in rat carotid arteries. High intraluminal pressure also resulted in a downstream signaling cascade of ROS production, arginase expression, and NFĸB translocation. This process was found to be angiotensin II-independent and mediated by the mechanosensor caveolae, as caveolin-1 (Cav1)-deficient endothelial cells and mice were protected from pressure-induced vascular inflammatory signaling and leukocyte adhesion. Cav1 deficiency also resulted in a reduction in pressure-induced glomerular macrophage infiltration in vivo. These findings demonstrate Cav1 is an important mechanosensor in pressure-induced vascular and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Michell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Waled A Shihata
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Karen L Andrews
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nurul Aisha Zainal Abidin
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Huet
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David M Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ousmaal MEF, Gaceb A, Khene MA, Ainouz L, Giaimis J, Andriantsitohaina R, Martínez MC, Baz A. Circulating microparticles released during dyslipidemia may exert deleterious effects on blood vessels and endothelial function. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107683. [PMID: 32713709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the bioactivity of circulating microparticles (MPs) isolated from dyslipidemic Psammomys obesus (P. obesus) fed a high-energy diet (HED) with those released from healthy P. obesus fed a normal diet (ND). METHODS Vascular reactivity of aortic rings was evaluated by myography, after 24 h incubation in the absence or in the presence of circulating MPs isolated, by differential centrifugations, from the plasma of animals subjected to HED (MPsHED) or ND (MPsND) for 12 weeks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated for 24 h with MPsHED or MPsND animals and subjected to immunofluorescence staining of caveolin-1 (cav-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), F-actin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. RESULTS The HED exerted a distinctly pronounced hyperlipidemic effect marked by plasmatic increase of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Both MPsND and MPsHED induced a significant reduction of maximal relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, MPsHED significantly decreased eNOS expression up to ~25% and increased ROS production up to ~75% on in vitro treated HUVECs. Moreover, in HUVECs, MPsHED significantly decreased cav-1 expression up to ~50% whereas significant increase of ICAM-1 expression by about 2-fold approximately was observed. CONCLUSION Our experimental study demonstrated the dual role of MPs on vascular function by modulating endothelial cell function. Furthermore, MPs may be considered as vectors of a bioactive information contributing to inflammation and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E F Ousmaal
- Laboratory of valorisation and bio-engineering of natural resources, Faculty of Sciences, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Abderahim Gaceb
- Translational Neurology group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M'hammed A Khene
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lynda Ainouz
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean Giaimis
- UMR Qualisud- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | | | - M Carmen Martínez
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS IBS, Rue des Capucins, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Ahsene Baz
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
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Filippini A, D’Alessio A. Caveolae and Lipid Rafts in Endothelium: Valuable Organelles for Multiple Functions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091218. [PMID: 32825713 PMCID: PMC7563503 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane found in numerous cell types and are particularly abundant in endothelial cells and adipocytes. The lipid composition of caveolae largely matches that of lipid rafts microdomains that are particularly enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, glycosphingolipids, and saturated fatty acids. Unlike lipid rafts, whose existence remains quite elusive in living cells, caveolae can be clearly distinguished by electron microscope. Despite their similar composition and the sharing of some functions, lipid rafts appear more heterogeneous in terms of size and are more dynamic than caveolae. Following the discovery of caveolin-1, the first molecular marker as well as the unique scaffolding protein of caveolae, we have witnessed a remarkable increase in studies aimed at investigating the role of these organelles in cell functions and human disease. The goal of this review is to discuss the most recent studies related to the role of caveolae and caveolins in endothelial cells. We first recapitulate the major embryological processes leading to the formation of the vascular tree. We next discuss the contribution of caveolins and cavins to membrane biogenesis and cell response to extracellular stimuli. We also address how caveolae and caveolins control endothelial cell metabolism, a central mechanism involved in migration proliferation and angiogenesis. Finally, as regards the emergency caused by COVID-19, we propose to study the caveolar platform as a potential target to block virus entry into endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Alessio D’Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and the predominant cause of heart attack and ischemic stroke. Despite the well-known sexual dimorphism in the incidence and complications of atherosclerosis, there are relatively limited data in the clinical and preclinical literature to rigorously address mechanisms underlying sex as a biological variable in atherosclerosis. In multiple histological and imaging studies, overall plaque burden and markers of inflammation appear to be greater in men than women and are predictive of cardiovascular events. However, while younger women are relatively protected from cardiovascular disease, by the seventh decade, the incidence of myocardial infarction in women ultimately surpasses that of men, suggesting an interaction between sex and age. Most preclinical studies in animal atherosclerosis models do not examine both sexes, and even in those that do, well-powered direct statistical comparisons for sex as an independent variable remain rare. This article reviews the available data. Overall, male animals appear to have more inflamed yet smaller plaques compared to female animals. Plaque inflammation is often used as a surrogate end point for plaque vulnerability in animals. The available data support the notion that rather than plaque size, plaque inflammation may be more relevant in assessing sex-specific mechanisms since the findings correlate with the sex difference in ischemic events and mortality and thus may be more reflective of the human condition. Overall, the number of preclinical studies directly comparing plaque inflammation between the sexes is extremely limited relative to the vast literature exploring atherosclerosis mechanisms. Failure to include both sexes and to address age in mechanistic atherosclerosis studies are missed opportunities to uncover underlying sex-specific mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms driving sex as a biological variable in atherosclerotic disease is critical to future precision medicine strategies to mitigate what is still the leading cause of death of men and women worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Man
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua A. Beckman
- Cardiovascular Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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11
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Ramírez CM, Zhang X, Bandyopadhyay C, Rotllan N, Sugiyama MG, Aryal B, Liu X, He S, Kraehling JR, Ulrich V, Lin CS, Velazquez H, Lasunción MA, Li G, Suárez Y, Tellides G, Swirski FK, Lee WL, Schwartz MA, Sessa WC, Fernández-Hernando C. Caveolin-1 Regulates Atherogenesis by Attenuating Low-Density Lipoprotein Transcytosis and Vascular Inflammation Independently of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation. Circulation 2019; 140:225-239. [PMID: 31154825 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is driven by synergistic interactions between pathological, biomechanical, inflammatory, and lipid metabolic factors. Our previous studies demonstrated that absence of caveolin-1 (Cav1)/caveolae in hyperlipidemic mice strongly inhibits atherosclerosis, which was attributed to activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and increased production of NO and reduced inflammation and low-density lipoprotein trafficking. However, the contribution of eNOS activation and NO production in the athero-protection of Cav1 and the exact mechanisms by which Cav1/caveolae control the pathogenesis of diet-induced atherosclerosis are still not clear. METHODS Triple-knockout mouse lacking expression of eNOS, Cav1, and Ldlr were generated to explore the role of NO production in Cav1-dependent athero-protective function. The effects of Cav1 on lipid trafficking, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vascular inflammation were studied both in vitro and in vivo with a mouse model of diet-induced atherosclerosis. The expression of Cav1 and distribution of caveolae regulated by flow were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS We found that absence of Cav1 significantly suppressed atherogenesis in Ldlr-/-eNOS-/- mice, demonstrating that athero-suppression is independent of increased NO production. Instead, we find that the absence of Cav1/caveolae inhibited low-density lipoprotein transport across the endothelium and proatherogenic fibronectin deposition and disturbed flow-mediated endothelial cell inflammation. Consistent with the idea that Cav1/caveolae may play a role in early flow-dependent inflammatory priming, distinct patterns of Cav1 expression and caveolae distribution were observed in athero-prone and athero-resistant areas of the aortic arch even in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a role for Cav1/caveolae as a central regulator of atherosclerosis that links biomechanical, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways independently of endothelial eNOS activation and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Ramírez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Chirosree Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology (C.B., M.A.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael G Sugiyama
- Keenan Research Centre and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.G.S., W.L.L.)
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Cell Biology (X.L.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shun He
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (S.H., F.K.S.)
| | - Jan R Kraehling
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Victoria Ulrich
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Chin Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.S.L.)
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Section of Nephrology (H.V.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology (C.B., M.A.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Guangxin Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering (G.L., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Surgery (G.L., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - George Tellides
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering (G.L., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Surgery (G.L., G.T.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (S.H., F.K.S.)
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.G.S., W.L.L.)
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Cell Biology (M.A.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain (M.A.L.).,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (M.A.L.)
| | - William C Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Pharmacology (W.C.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., J.R.K., V.U., Y.S., W.C.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (C.M.R., X.Z., N.R., B.A., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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12
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Downregulated Caveolin-1 expression in circulating monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:125. [PMID: 30644419 PMCID: PMC6333821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is the principal component of caveolae that regulates a variety of signaling molecules and receptors. Our previous study revealed CAV-1 reduction in the epidermis of patients with psoriasis, which leads to enhanced Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription activation and cytokine production, suggesting that aberrant CAV-1 expression may contribute to psoriatic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether abnormal modulation of CAV-1 on immune cells is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We observed that CAV-1 level in psoriasis patients was apparently reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and it was prominent in CD14+ monocytes. CAV-1 silencing in monocytes represented elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and those had enhanced chemotaxis activity. In a murine model of psoriasis-like inflammation induced by imiquimod, we observed a significant CAV-1 reduction in PBMCs. Systemic administration of CAV-1 scaffolding domain peptide significantly improved the skin phenotype with less macrophage infiltration. Taken together, aberrant CAV-1 expression in monocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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13
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Matsuura S, Katsumi H, Suzuki H, Hirai N, Takashima R, Morishita M, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. l-Cysteine and l-Serine Modified Dendrimer with Multiple Reduced Thiols as a Kidney-Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger to Prevent Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040251. [PMID: 30513734 PMCID: PMC6321508 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
l-cysteine (Cys)- and l-serine (Ser)-modified, third-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer with multiple reduced thiols (Ser-PAMAM-Cys) was synthesized as a kidney-targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger to help prevent renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ser-PAMAM-Cys effectively scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and ROS (hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In addition, ~64% of 111In-labeled Ser-PAMAM-Cys accumulated in mouse kidney 3 h after intravenous administration. An in vivo imaging system (IVIS) study indicated that near-infrared fluorescence dye (NIR)-labeled Ser-PAMAM-Cys specifically accumulated in the kidney. In a mouse renal ischemia/reperfusion injury model, increases in the kidney damage markers creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly inhibited by intravenous Ser-PAMAM-Cys administration. In contrast, Cys injection had no statistically significant effect of preventing Cre or BUN elevation relative to the control. Ser-PAMAM-Cys also effectively downregulated the inflammatory factors NGAL, IL-18, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the renal ischemia/reperfusion injury model. These results indicate that Ser-PAMAM-Cys is a promising kidney-targeting ROS scavenger which could prevent ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Matsuura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hiroe Suzuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Natsuko Hirai
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Rie Takashima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Masaki Morishita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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14
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Zhang X, Sessa WC, Fernández-Hernando C. Endothelial Transcytosis of Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:130. [PMID: 30320124 PMCID: PMC6167422 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal studies from Nikolai Anichckov identified the accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries as the initial event that lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Further studies by Gofman and colleagues demonstrated that high levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was responsible for the accelerated atherosclerosis observed in humans. These findings were confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies which identified elevated LDL-C levels as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. LDL infiltrates in the arterial wall and interacts with the proteoglycan matrix promoting the retention and modification of LDL to a toxic form, which results in endothelial cell (EC) activation and vascular inflammation. Despite the relevance of LDL transport across the endothelium during atherogenesis, the molecular mechanism that control this process is still not fully understood. A number of studies have recently demonstrated that low density lipoprotein (LDL) transcytosis across the endothelium is dependent on the function of caveolae, scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), and LDL receptor (LDLR), whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and its major protein component apolipoprotein AI transcytose ECs through SR-B1, ATP-Binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1. In this review article, we briefly summarize the function of the EC barrier in regulating lipoprotein transport, and its relevance during the progression of atherosclerosis. A better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate lipoprotein transcytosis across ECs will help to develop therapies targeting the early events of atherosclerosis and thus exert potential benefits for treating atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - William C Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Codrici E, Albulescu L, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Enciu AM, Albulescu R, Tanase C, Hinescu ME. Caveolin-1-Knockout Mouse as a Model of Inflammatory Diseases. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2498576. [PMID: 30246033 PMCID: PMC6136523 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2498576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is the scaffold protein of caveolae, which are minute invaginations of the cell membrane that are involved in endocytosis, cell signaling, and endothelial-mediated inflammation. CAV1 has also been reported to have a dual role as either a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter, depending on the type of cancer. Inflammation is an important player in tumor progression, but the role of caveolin-1 in generating an inflammatory milieu remains poorly characterized. We used a caveolin-1-knockout (CAV1-/-) mouse model to assess the inflammatory status via the quantification of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, as well as the ability of circulating lymphocytes to respond to nonspecific stimuli by producing cytokines. Here, we report that the CAV1-/- mice were characterized by a low-grade systemic proinflammatory status, with a moderate increase in the IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 levels. CAV1-/- circulating lymphocytes were more prone to cytokine production upon nonspecific stimulation than the wild-type lymphocytes. These results show that CAV1 involvement in cell homeostasis is more complex than previously revealed, as it plays a role in the inflammatory process. These findings indicate that the CAV1-/- mouse model could prove to be a useful tool for inflammation-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Codrici
- 1Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Albulescu
- 1Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Simona Mihai
- 1Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- 1Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- 2Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050047 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- 1Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- 3National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- 1Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- 4Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail E. Hinescu
- 1Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- 2Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050047 Bucharest, Romania
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Caveolin-1 Is Critical for Lymphocyte Trafficking into Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5193-9. [PMID: 27170118 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3734-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease of the CNS with its underlying mechanisms not fully understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caveolin-1, a major membrane scaffolding protein, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a laboratory murine model of MS. We found increased expression of caveolin-1 in serum and spinal cord tissues in association with disease incidence and severity in wild-type mice with active encephalomyelitis. After immunization, Cav-1 knock-out mice showed remarkable disease resistance with decreased incidence and clinical symptoms. Furthermore, Cav-1 knock-out mice had alleviated encephalitogenic T cells trafficking into the CNS with decreased expressions of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 within the lesions. In agreement with in vivo studies, in vitro knockdown of caveolin-1 compromised the upregulation of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells, leading to the amelioration of the transendothelial migration of pathogenic TH1 and TH17 cells. Together, those results indicate that caveolin-1 serves as an active modulator of CNS-directed lymphocyte trafficking and could be a therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hallmark feature of neuroinflammatory diseases is the massive infiltrations of encephalitogenic leukocytes into the CNS parenchyma, a process that remains largely unclear. Our study demonstrates the critical contribution of caveolin-1 to encephalomyelitis pathogenesis and CNS-directed lymphocyte trafficking by modulation of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, highlighting the pathological involvement of caveolin-1 in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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17
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Shihata WA, Michell DL, Andrews KL, Chin-Dusting JPF. Caveolae: A Role in Endothelial Inflammation and Mechanotransduction? Front Physiol 2016; 7:628. [PMID: 28066261 PMCID: PMC5168557 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation and disease progression, such as atherosclerosis, are in part a consequence of haemodynamic forces generated by changes in blood flow. The haemodynamic forces, such as shear stress or stretch, interact with vascular endothelial cells, which transduce the mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals via mechanosensors, which can induce an upregulation in pathways involved in inflammatory signaling. However, it is unclear how these mechanosensors respond to shear stress and most significantly what cellular mechanisms are involved in sensing the haemodynamic stimuli. This review explores the transition from shear forces, stretch and pressure to endothelial inflammation and the process of mechanotransduction, specifically highlighting evidence to suggest that caveolae play as a role as mechanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waled A Shihata
- Cardiovascular Disease Program and Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia; Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen L Andrews
- Cardiovascular Disease Program and Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia; Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Cardiovascular Disease Program and Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia; Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Caveolin-1 facilitates internalization and degradation of ABCA1 and probucol oxidative products interfere with this reaction to increase HDL biogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:54-60. [PMID: 27579791 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Expression of ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1, a key membrane protein for biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is regulated not only by its gene transcription but also by its intracellular degradation to modulate plasma HDL concentration. We previously showed that inhibition of ABCA1 degradation by probucol oxidative products, spiroquinone (SQ) and diphenoquinone (DQ), increased HDL biogenesis and reverse cholesterol transport, and achieved reduction of atherosclerosis in animal models. The background mechanism has thus been investigated. METHODS Involvement of caveolin-1, a protein of multiple functions in cell biology, particularly in cholesterol trafficking, has been examined for its roles in ABCA1 degradation as well as the effects of SQ and DQ on the reaction. RESULTS ABCA1 protein was increased in caveolin-1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, not by increase of transcription but by decrease in its internalization and degradation. Transfection and expression of caveolin-1 normalized the protein level and the rate of degradation of ABCA1. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated association between ABCA1 and caveolin-1 and SQ and DQ disrupted this interaction. The effects of SQ and DQ to increase ABCA1 and cell cholesterol release induced by apolipoprotein A-I were dependent on expression of caveolin-1. Fluorescence imaging of ABCA1 and caveolin-1 in cultured cells demonstrated their co-localization as well as its disruption by SQ and DQ, being consistent with the biochemical findings. CONCLUSIONS Caveolin-1 enhances internalization and degradation of ABCA1 by its association with ABCA1. Interference of this interaction by probucol oxidative products suppresses ABCA1 degradation and increase HDL biogenesis.
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19
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de Vries MA, Klop B, van der Meulen N, van de Geijn GJM, Prinzen L, van der Zwan E, Birnie E, Cohen Tervaert JW, Liem AH, de Herder WW, Castro Cabezas M. Leucocyte-bound apolipoprotein B in the circulation is inversely associated with the presence of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:690-7. [PMID: 27314629 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a pro-inflammatory condition, in which leucocyte activation plays an important role. The interaction between circulating leucocytes and apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins results in pro-inflammatory changes of these cells. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between apo B bound to circulating leucocytes and atherosclerosis. METHODS Apo B on circulating leucocytes was measured by flow cytometry in subjects with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD), expressed as mean fluorescent intensity in arbitrary units (au). Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Data are given as median (interquartile range). RESULTS A total of 396 subjects were included, of whom 183 had a history of CVD. Compared to subjects without CVD, patients with CVD had lower apo B bound to neutrophils (12·7 au (9·8-16·2) and 14·2 au (10·1-17·5), respectively, P = 0·038) and to monocytes (2·5 au (1·7-3·1) and 2·7 (1·9-3·6) au, respectively, P = 0·025). No differences were found for lymphocyte-bound apo B. Neutrophil- and monocyte-bound apo B were inversely correlated with cIMT (Spearman's rho: -0·123, P = 0·017 and -0·108, P = 0·035, respectively). Both monocyte- and neutrophil-bound apo B were inversely associated with different factors related to the metabolic syndrome, such as body mass index, triglycerides and complement C3. There was a positive association between erythrocyte-bound apo B and apo B bound to each of the leucocyte classes, possibly reflecting a similar mechanism. Discontinuation of statins in 54 subjects did not influence leucocyte-bound apo B. CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, the presence of noninternalized apo B-containing lipoproteins on circulating neutrophil and monocyte membranes may represent a protective mechanism against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke A de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Klop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noëlle van der Meulen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke Prinzen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van der Zwan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Statistics and Education, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Cohen Tervaert
- Department of Statistics and Education, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anho H Liem
- Department of Cardiology, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, St. Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lower Serum Caveolin-1 Is Associated with Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9026787. [PMID: 27119011 PMCID: PMC4826928 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9026787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) plays pivotal roles in the endothelial damage following stroke. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum Cav-1 level is associated with the presence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. To this end, 156 patients were consecutively enrolled. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed to determine the surrogates of cSVD, including cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), silent lacunar infarcts (SLIs), and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with low Cav-1 level had a higher risk of CMBs than patients with high Cav-1 level (OR: 4.05, 95% CI: 1.77-9.30). However, there was no relationship between Cav-1 and the presence of SLIs or WMHs. When CMBs were stratified by location and number, a similar association was found in patients with deep or infratentorial CMBs (OR: 4.04, 95% CI: 1.59-10.25) and with multiple CMBs (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.16-8.72). These results suggest lower serum Cav-1 levels may be associated with CMBs, especially those that are multiple and located in deep brain or infratentorial structures, in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Cav-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of CMBs, and may act as a potential target for treating cSVD.
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Qin L, Zhu N, Ao BX, Liu C, Shi YN, Du K, Chen JX, Zheng XL, Liao DF. Caveolae and Caveolin-1 Integrate Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:429. [PMID: 27011179 PMCID: PMC4813279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorder and inflammation play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport is a key event in lipid metabolism. Caveolae and caveolin-1 are in the center stage of cholesterol transportation and inflammation in macrophages. Here, we propose that reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation in atherosclerosis can be integrated by caveolae and caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Bao-Xue Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Chan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Andrews AM, Rizzo V. Microparticle-Induced Activation of the Vascular Endothelium Requires Caveolin-1/Caveolae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149272. [PMID: 26891050 PMCID: PMC4758735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane fragments shed from normal as well as activated, apoptotic or injured cells. Emerging evidence implicates MPs as a causal and/or contributing factor in altering normal vascular cell phenotype through initiation of proinflammatory signal transduction events and paracrine delivery of proteins, mRNA and miRNA. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which MPs influence these events. Caveolae are important membrane microdomains that function as centers of signal transduction and endocytosis. Here, we tested the concept that the MP-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype shift in endothelial cells (ECs) depends on caveolae. Consistent with previous reports, MP challenge activated ECs as evidenced by upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. ICAM-1 upregulation was mediated by activation of NF-κB, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This response was absent in ECs lacking caveolin-1/caveolae. To test whether caveolae-mediated endocytosis, a dynamin-2 dependent process, is a feature of the proinflammatory response, EC’s were pretreated with the dynamin-2 inhibitor dynasore. Similar to observations in cells lacking caveolin-1, inhibition of endocytosis significantly attenuated MPs effects including, EGFR phosphorylation, activation of NF-κB and upregulation of ICAM-1 expression. Thus, our results indicate that caveolae play a role in mediating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways which lead to EC activation in response to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Andrews
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Chen S, Wang X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Wang D, Tan C, Fa J, Zhang R, Wang F, Xu C, Huang Y, Li S, Yin D, Xiong X, Li X, Chen Q, Tu X, Yang Y, Xia Y, Xu C, Wang QK. Genomic variant in CAV1 increases susceptibility to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:148-156. [PMID: 26775120 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CAV1 gene encodes caveolin-1 expressed in cell types relevant to atherosclerosis. Cav-1-null mice showed a protective effect on atherosclerosis under the ApoE(-/-) background. However, it is unknown whether CAV1 is linked to CAD and MI in humans. In this study we analyzed a tagSNP for CAV1 in intron 2, rs3807989, for potential association with CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed case-control association studies in three independent Chinese Han populations from GeneID, including 1249 CAD cases and 841 controls in Population I, 1260 cases and 833 controls in Population II and 790 cases and 1212 controls in Population III (a total of 3299 cases and 2886 controls). We identified significant association between rs3807989 and CAD in three independent populations and in the combined population (Padj = 2.18 × 10(-5), OR = 1.19 for minor allele A). We also detected significant association between rs3807989 and MI (Padj = 5.43 × 10(-5), OR = 1.23 for allele A). Allele A of SNP rs3807989 was also associated with a decreased level of LDL cholesterol. Although rs3807989 is a tagSNP for both CAV1 and nearby CAV2, allele A of SNP rs3807989 was associated with an increased expression level of CAV1 (both mRNA and protein), but not CAV2. CONCLUSIONS The data in this study demonstrated that rs3807989 at the CAV1/CAV2 locus was associated with significant risk of CAD and MI by increasing expression of CAV1 (but not CAV2). Thus, CAV1 becomes a strong candidate susceptibility gene for CAD/MI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Fa
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, and Department of Molecular Medicine, CCLCM, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yonglong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, and Department of Molecular Medicine, CCLCM, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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24
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Sharma A, Sellers S, Stefanovic N, Leung C, Tan SM, Huet O, Granville DJ, Cooper ME, de Haan JB, Bernatchez P. Direct Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Provides Atheroprotection in Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Diabetes 2015; 64:3937-50. [PMID: 26116699 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by the lowered bioavailability of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-derived NO, is a critical inducer of atherosclerosis. However, the protective aspect of eNOS in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis remains controversial, a likely consequence of its capacity to release both protective NO or deleterious oxygen radicals in normal and disease settings, respectively. Harnessing the atheroprotective activity of eNOS in diabetic settings remains elusive, in part due to the lack of endogenous eNOS-specific NO release activators. We have recently shown in vitro that eNOS-derived NO release can be increased by blocking its binding to Caveolin-1, the main coat protein of caveolae, using a highly specific peptide, CavNOxin. However, whether targeting eNOS using this peptide can attenuate diabetes-associated atherosclerosis is unknown. In this study, we show that CavNOxin can attenuate atherosclerotic burden by ∼84% in vivo. In contrast, mice lacking eNOS show resistance to CavNOxin treatment, indicating eNOS specificity. Mechanistically, CavNOxin lowered oxidative stress markers, inhibited the expression of proatherogenic mediators, and blocked leukocyte-endothelial interactions. These data are the first to show that endogenous eNOS activation can provide atheroprotection in diabetes and suggest that CavNOxin is a viable strategy for the development of antiatherosclerotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Sellers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nada Stefanovic
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cleo Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sih Min Tan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivier Huet
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Granville
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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de Vries MA, Klop B, Alipour A, van de Geijn GJM, Prinzen L, Liem AH, Valdivielso P, Rioja Villodres J, Ramírez-Bollero J, Castro Cabezas M. In vivo evidence for chylomicrons as mediators of postprandial inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:540-5. [PMID: 26523991 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The postprandial situation is a pro-inflammatory condition most likely linked to the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) B48 and fasting and postprandial leukocyte activation markers. METHODS Leukocyte activation markers and apo B48 were determined in 80 subjects with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve healthy subjects underwent an oral fat loading test (up to 8 h). RESULTS Fasting apo B48 was significantly higher in patients with CAD (n = 47, 8.1 ± 5.2 mg/L) than in subjects without CAD (n = 33, 5.9 ± 3.9 mg/L, p = 0.022). Fasting apo B48 and triglycerides correlated positively with fasting monocyte CD11b and neutrophil CD66b expression. Plasma apo B48 and leukocyte activation markers increased after an oral fat load. No correlations were found between fasting or postprandial triglycerides and postprandial leukocyte activation markers. We observed no correlations between postprandial apo B48 and postprandial neutrophil CD11b or CD66b expression. CONCLUSION This study suggests that chylomicron remnants may be responsible for postprandial leukocyte activation in the circulation. The postprandial chylomicron response may be a stronger mediator of postprandial inflammation than postprandial triglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke A de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Klop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arash Alipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke Prinzen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anho H Liem
- Department of Cardiology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria and Department of Medicine and Dermatology, IBIMA, University Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Rioja Villodres
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria and Department of Medicine and Dermatology, IBIMA, University Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Ramírez-Bollero
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria and Department of Medicine and Dermatology, IBIMA, University Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Rizzo V. The Role of Caveolae and Caveolins in Atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Li X, Gu X, Boyce TM, Zheng M, Reagan AM, Qi H, Mandal N, Cohen AW, Callegan MC, Carr DJJ, Elliott MH. Caveolin-1 increases proinflammatory chemoattractants and blood-retinal barrier breakdown but decreases leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6224-34. [PMID: 25159208 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the signature protein of caveolae, modulates inflammatory responses, and innate immunity. However, Cav-1's role in retinal inflammation has not been rigorously tested. In this study, we examined the effect of Cav-1 ablation on the sensitivity of the retina to inflammation. METHODS Cav-1 knockout (KO) mice were challenged by intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cell recruitment was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Leukostasis was assessed in retinal flatmounts after perfusion with FITC-labeled Concanavalin A (FITC-ConA). Chemoattractants were measured by multiplex immunoassays. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was assessed quantitatively by a FITC-dextran permeability assay. The ratio of extravascular to total immune cells was determined by CD45 immunohistochemistry of retinal flatmounts. RESULTS Inflammatory challenge resulted in significant blunting of proinflammatory cytokine (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1/CCL2], CXCL1/KC, IL-6, and IL-1β) responses as well as reduced inflammatory BRB breakdown in Cav-1 KO retinas. Paradoxically, Cav-1 deficiency resulted in significantly increased recruitment of immune cells compared with controls as well as increased leukostasis. A similar ratio of extravascular/total leukocytes were found in Cav-1 KO and wild-type (WT) retinas suggesting that Cav-1 deficient leukocytes were as competent to extravasate as those from WT mice. We found increased levels of circulating immune cells in naïve (not challenged with LPS) Cav-1 KO mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Caveolin-1 paradoxically modulates inflammatory signaling and leukocyte infiltration through distinct mechanisms. We hypothesize that Cav-1 expression may enhance inflammatory signaling while at the same time supporting the physical properties of the BRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Li
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Xiaowu Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Timothy M Boyce
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Alaina M Reagan
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Hui Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Alex W Cohen
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Daniel J J Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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28
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Mundy DI, Lopez AM, Posey KS, Chuang JC, Ramirez CM, Scherer PE, Turley SD. Impact of the loss of caveolin-1 on lung mass and cholesterol metabolism in mice with and without the lysosomal cholesterol transporter, Niemann-Pick type C1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:995-1002. [PMID: 24747682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a major structural protein in caveolae in the plasma membranes of many cell types, particularly endothelial cells and adipocytes. Loss of Cav-1 function has been implicated in multiple diseases affecting the cardiopulmonary and central nervous systems, as well as in specific aspects of sterol and lipid metabolism in the liver and intestine. Lungs contain an exceptionally high level of Cav-1. Parameters of cholesterol metabolism in the lung were measured, initially in Cav-1-deficient mice (Cav-1(-/-)), and subsequently in Cav-1(-/-) mice that also lacked the lysosomal cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 (Npc1) (Cav-1(-/-):Npc1(-/-)). In 50-day-old Cav-1(-/-) mice fed a low- or high-cholesterol chow diet, the total cholesterol concentration (mg/g) in the lungs was marginally lower than in the Cav-1(+/+) controls, but due to an expansion in their lung mass exceeding 30%, whole-lung cholesterol content (mg/organ) was moderately elevated. Lung mass (g) in the Cav-1(-/-):Npc1(-/-) mice (0.356±0.022) markedly exceeded that in their Cav-1(+/+):Npc1(+/+) controls (0.137±0.009), as well as in their Cav-1(-/-):Npc1(+/+) (0.191±0.013) and Cav-1(+/+):Npc1(-/-) (0.213±0.022) littermates. The corresponding lung total cholesterol contents (mg/organ) in mice of these genotypes were 6.74±0.17, 0.71±0.05, 0.96±0.05 and 3.12±0.43, respectively, with the extra cholesterol in the Cav-1(-/-):Npc1(-/-) and Cav-1(+/+):Npc1(-/-) mice being nearly all unesterified (UC). The exacerbation of the Npc1 lung phenotype and increase in the UC level in the Cav-1(-/-):Npc1(-/-) mice imply a regulatory role of Cav-1 in pulmonary cholesterol metabolism when lysosomal sterol transport is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy I Mundy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Adam M Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Posey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Jen-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Charina M Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Stephen D Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Yi SL, Liu XJ, Zhong JQ, Zhang Y. Role of caveolin-1 in atrial fibrillation as an anti-fibrotic signaling molecule in human atrial fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85144. [PMID: 24454806 PMCID: PMC3891766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population; yet, the precise mechanisms resulting in AF are not fully understood. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the principal structural component of caveolae organelles in cardiac fibroblasts, is involved in several cardiovascular conditions; however, the study on its function in atrium, in particular, in AF, is still lacking. This report examines the hypothesis that Cav-1 confers an anti-AF effect by mediating atrial structural remodeling through its anti-fibrotic action. We evaluated the expression of Cav-1, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and fibrosis in atrial specimens of 13 patients with AF and 10 subjects with sinus rhythm, and found that the expression of Cav-1 was significantly downregulated, whereas TGF-β1 level, collagens I/III contents and atrial fibrosis were markedly increased, in AF. Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment of human atrial fibroblasts (HAFs) with TGF-β1 resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent repression of Cav-1. Downregulation of Cav-1 with siRNA increased the TGF-β1-induced activation of Smad signal pathway and collagens production in HAFs. Furthermore, incubation of HAFs with the peptides derived from Cav-1 to achieve Cav-1 gain-of-function abolished the TGF-β1-induced production of collagens I/III and decreases of MMP-2/-9 expression. Therefore it was concluded that Cav-1 is an important anti-AF signaling mediator by conferring its anti-fibrotic effects in atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-lei Yi
- Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-quan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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31
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Zhu XY, Li P, Yang YB, Liu ML. Xuezhikang, extract of red yeast rice, improved abnormal hemorheology, suppressed caveolin-1 and increased eNOS expression in atherosclerotic rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62731. [PMID: 23675421 PMCID: PMC3651163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xuezhikang is the extract of red yeast rice, which has been widely used for the management of atherosclerotic disease, but the molecular basis of its antiatherosclerotic effects has not yet been fully identified. Here we investigated the changes of eNOS in vascular endothelia and RBCs, eNOS regulatory factor Caveolin-1 in endothelia, and hemorheological parameters in atherosclerotic rats to explore the protective effects of Xuezhikang. Methodology/Principal Findings Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 12/group) group C, controls; group M, high-cholesterol diet (HCD) induced atherosclerotic models; group X, HCD+Xuezhikang; and group L, HCD +Lovastatin. In group X, Xuezhikang inhibited oxidative stress, down-regulated caveolin-1 in aorta wall (P<0.05), up-regulated eNOS expression in vascular endothelia and erythrocytes (P<0.05), increased NOx (nitrite and nitrate) in plasma and cGMP in erythrocyte plasma and aorta wall (P<0.05), increased erythrocyte deformation index (EDI), and decreased whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity (P<0.05), with the improvement of arterial pathology. Conclusions/Significance Xuezhikang up-regulated eNOS expression in vascular endothelia and RBCs, increased plasma NOx and improved abnormal hemorheology in high cholesterol diet induced atherosclerotic rats. The elevated eNOS/NO and improved hemorheology may be beneficial to atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hitkova I, Yuan G, Anderl F, Gerhard M, Kirchner T, Reu S, Röcken C, Schäfer C, Schmid RM, Vogelmann R, Ebert MPA, Burgermeister E. Caveolin-1 protects B6129 mice against Helicobacter pylori gastritis. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003251. [PMID: 23592983 PMCID: PMC3623771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a scaffold protein and pathogen receptor in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic infection of gastric epithelial cells by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major risk factor for human gastric cancer (GC) where Cav1 is frequently down-regulated. However, the function of Cav1 in H. pylori infection and pathogenesis of GC remained unknown. We show here that Cav1-deficient mice, infected for 11 months with the CagA-delivery deficient H. pylori strain SS1, developed more severe gastritis and tissue damage, including loss of parietal cells and foveolar hyperplasia, and displayed lower colonisation of the gastric mucosa than wild-type B6129 littermates. Cav1-null mice showed enhanced infiltration of macrophages and B-cells and secretion of chemokines (RANTES) but had reduced levels of CD25+ regulatory T-cells. Cav1-deficient human GC cells (AGS), infected with the CagA-delivery proficient H. pylori strain G27, were more sensitive to CagA-related cytoskeletal stress morphologies (“humming bird”) compared to AGS cells stably transfected with Cav1 (AGS/Cav1). Infection of AGS/Cav1 cells triggered the recruitment of p120 RhoGTPase-activating protein/deleted in liver cancer-1 (p120RhoGAP/DLC1) to Cav1 and counteracted CagA-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements. In human GC cell lines (MKN45, N87) and mouse stomach tissue, H. pylori down-regulated endogenous expression of Cav1 independently of CagA. Mechanistically, H. pylori activated sterol-responsive element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) to repress transcription of the human Cav1 gene from sterol-responsive elements (SREs) in the proximal Cav1 promoter. These data suggested a protective role of Cav1 against H. pylori-induced inflammation and tissue damage. We propose that H. pylori exploits down-regulation of Cav1 to subvert the host's immune response and to promote signalling of its virulence factors in host cells. Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) mainly affects children in the developing countries who are at risk to progress to gastric cancer (GC) as adults after many years of persistent infection, especially with strains which are positive for the oncogenic virulence factor CagA. Eradication of H. pylori by antibiotics is a treatment of choice but may also alter the susceptibility to allergies and other tumor types. Thus, novel diagnostic or prognostic markers are needed which detect early molecular changes in the stomach mucosa during the transition of chronic inflammation to cancer. In our study, we found that the tumor suppressor caveolin-1 (Cav1) is reduced upon infection with H. pylori, and CagA was sufficient but not necessary for this down-regulation. Loss of Cav1 was caused by H. pylori-dependent activation of sterol-responsive element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), and this event abolished the interaction of Cav1 with p120 RhoGTPase-activating protein/deleted in liver cancer-1 (p120RhoGAP/DLC1), a second bona fide tumor suppressor in gastric tissue. Conclusively, Cav1 and DLC1 may constitute novel molecular markers in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa before neoplastic transformation of the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Hitkova
- Department of Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Florian Anderl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), München, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Simone Reu
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus Schäfer
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Roger Vogelmann
- Department of Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias P. A. Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Burgermeister
- Department of Medicine II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Seto SW, Krishna SM, Yu H, Liu D, Khosla S, Golledge J. Impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation by caveolin-1 in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein-E (ApoE-/-) knockout mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58481. [PMID: 23469284 PMCID: PMC3587590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The angiotensin II (AngII)-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model is widely used to study atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. An increase in blood pressure has been reported in this model however the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated whether vasomotor dysfunction develops in AngII-infused ApoE−/− mice and the underlying mechanism involved. Methods ApoE−/− mice were infused with vehicle (distilled water) or AngII subcutaneously for 14 days. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using the non-invasive tail cuff method. Aortic vascular reactivity and expression of key proteins (endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS and caveolin-1) were assessed using tension myography and Western blotting respectively. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) level was estimated using a colorimetric assay. Results AngII infusion caused a time-dependent increase in blood pressure (P<0.001). Aortas from AngII-infused mice were significantly less responsive to acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation when compared to aortas from mice infused with vehicle control (P<0.05). Contractile responses to phenylephrine (P<0.01) and potassium chloride (P<0.001) were significantly enhanced in aortas from AngII-infused mice. eNOS phosphorylation was significantly decreased in the aorta of AngII-infused mice (P<0.05). Aortic caveolin-1 protein expression was significantly increased in AngII-infused mice (P<0.05). Plasma nitrate/nitrite level was significantly reduced in AngII-infused mice (P<0.05). Pharmacological disruption of caveolae using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) in isolated aortas from AngII-infused mice caused a significant leftward shift of the acetylcholine-induced relaxation concentration-response curve when compared to vehicle control (P<0.05). Conclusion Upregulation of caveolin-1 protein expression and reduced NO bioavailability contributes to aortic endothelial dysfunction in AngII-infused ApoE−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang Seto
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Smriti M. Krishna
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongyou Yu
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Liu
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Surabhi Khosla
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Cardilo-Reis L, Gruber S, Schreier SM, Drechsler M, Papac-Milicevic N, Weber C, Wagner O, Stangl H, Soehnlein O, Binder CJ. Interleukin-13 protects from atherosclerosis and modulates plaque composition by skewing the macrophage phenotype. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 4:1072-86. [PMID: 23027612 PMCID: PMC3491837 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by the accumulation of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and the infiltration of macrophages and T cells. Cytokine expression in the microenvironment of evolving lesions can profoundly contribute to plaque development. While the pro-atherogenic effect of T helper (Th) 1 cytokines, such as IFN-γ, is well established, the role of Th2 cytokines is less clear. Therefore, we characterized the role of the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-13 in murine atherosclerosis. Here, we report that IL-13 administration favourably modulated the morphology of already established atherosclerotic lesions by increasing lesional collagen content and reducing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-dependent monocyte recruitment, resulting in decreased plaque macrophage content. This was accompanied by the induction of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, which exhibited increased clearance of OxLDL compared to IFN-γ-activated (M1) macrophages in vitro. Importantly, deficiency of IL-13 results in accelerated atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, IL-13 protects from atherosclerosis and promotes a favourable plaque morphology, in part through the induction of alternatively activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Cardilo-Reis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wantha S, Alard JE, Megens RTA, van der Does AM, Döring Y, Drechsler M, Pham CTN, Wang MW, Wang JM, Gallo RL, von Hundelshausen P, Lindbom L, Hackeng T, Weber C, Soehnlein O. Neutrophil-derived cathelicidin promotes adhesion of classical monocytes. Circ Res 2013; 112:792-801. [PMID: 23283724 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.300666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The leukocyte response in acute inflammation is characterized by an initial recruitment of neutrophils preceding a second wave of monocytes. Neutrophil-derived granule proteins were suggested to hold an important role in this cellular switch. The exact mechanisms by which neutrophils mediate these processes are only partially understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of neutrophils and their granule contents in the adhesion of monocyte subpopulations in acute inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that neutrophil-derived cathelicidins (human: LL37, mouse: CRAMP) induce adhesion of classical monocytes but not of nonclassical monocytes in the mouse cremaster muscle and in in vitro flow chamber assays. CRAMP is released from emigrated neutrophils and then transported across the endothelium, where it is presented to rolling leukocytes. Endothelial-bound cathelicidin activates formyl-peptide receptor 2 on classical monocytes, resulting in monocytic β1- and β2-integrin conformational change toward an extended, active conformation that allows for adhesion to their respective ligands, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. CONCLUSIONS These data elucidate a novel mechanism of neutrophil-mediated monocyte recruitment, which could be targeted in conditions where recruitment of classical monocytes plays an unfavorable role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawuth Wantha
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, Munich, Germany
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Lichtman AH, Binder CJ, Tsimikas S, Witztum JL. Adaptive immunity in atherogenesis: new insights and therapeutic approaches. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:27-36. [PMID: 23281407 DOI: 10.1172/jci63108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many remarkable advances have improved our understanding of the cellular and molecular events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Chief among these is the accumulating knowledge of how the immune system contributes to all phases of atherogenesis, including well-known inflammatory reactions consequent to intimal trapping and oxidation of LDL. Advances in our understanding of the innate and adaptive responses to these events have helped to clarify the role of inflammation in atherogenesis and suggested new diagnostic modalities and novel therapeutic targets. Here we focus on recent advances in understanding how adaptive immunity affects atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Lichtman
- Vascular Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Pastrana JL, Sha X, Virtue A, Mai J, Cueto R, Lee IA, Wang H, Yang XF. Regulatory T cells and Atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2012:2. [PMID: 23997979 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9880.s12-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. The involvement of both innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of the disease has been well recognized. Tregs are an essential part of the immune system and have indispensable functions in maintaining immune system homeostasis, mediating peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and suppressing inflammatory and proatherogenic immune response. Tregs carry out their immunosuppressive functions via several mechansims. One of the well-documented suppressive mechanisms of Tregs is the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35. Studies have found that IL-10 and TGF-β have atheroprotective properties. In addition, Tregs can suppress the activity of proatherogenic effector T cells, suggesting an atheroprotective role. In fact, fewer Tregs are found in atherogenic ApoE-/- mice comparing to wild-type mice, suggesting an uncontrolled balance between weakened Tregs and effector T cells in atherogenesis. Some clinical studies of autoimmune diseases also suggest that decreased Tregs numbers are associated with increased disease activity. The importance of Tregs in many autoimmune diseases and experimental atherosclerosis has been established in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the roles of Tregs in atherosclerosis in the clinical setting remains to be further characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahaira Lopez Pastrana
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Fu Y, Moore XL, Lee MKS, Fernández-Rojo MA, Parat MO, Parton RG, Meikle PJ, Sviridov D, Chin-Dusting JPF. Caveolin-1 plays a critical role in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:e117-25. [PMID: 22772753 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.254151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monocyte to macrophage differentiation is an essential step in atherogenesis. The structure protein of caveolae, caveolin-1, is increased in primary monocytes after its adhesion to endothelium. We explore the hypothesis that caveolin-1 plays a role in monocyte differentiation to macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Both phorbol myristate acetate-induced THP-1 and colony-stimulating factor-induced primary monocyte differentiation was associated with an increase in cellular caveolin-1 expression. Overexpression of caveolin-1 by transfection increased macrophage surface markers and inflammatory genes, whereas caveolin-1 knockdown by small interfering RNA or knockout reduced these. Also, caveolin-1 knockdown inhibited the differentiation-induced nuclear translocation of early growth response 1 (EGR-1) through extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, further decreased the binding of EGR-1 to CD115 promoter, thus decreasing EGR-1 transcriptional activity. In functional assays, caveolin-1 inhibited transmigration but promoted phagocytosis in the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Decreasing caveolin-1 inhibited the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein and reduced cellular lipid content. Finally, we showed that caveolin-1 knockout mice displayed less monocyte differentiation than wild-type mice and that EGR-1 transcription activity was also decreased in these mice because of the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Caveolin-1 promotes monocyte to macrophage differentiation through the regulation of EGR-1 transcriptional activity, suggesting that phagocytic caveolin-1 may be critical for atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Rd Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia.
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