1
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Niu Y, Wang N, Xu Q. Development of an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Diagnostic Signature in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01619-3. [PMID: 38955938 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder in premenopausal women. This investigation was to elucidate the underlying mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) activation in granulosa cells, which has been implicated in the etiology of PCOS. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PCOS and control groups were integrated with ERS gene lists from databases to identify DE-ERS genes, and functional analyses were performed. Univariate regression analysis and the LASSO method were used to select diagnostic factors, followed by establishing a DE-ERS gene-based diagnostic model. A nomogram model was further generated to predict the risk of PCOS. The correlation between ERS gene expression and immune cell proportion was assessed. A total of 14 DE-ERS genes associated with "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum", "ferroptosis", and "glycerophospholipid metabolism" were selected as PCOS-related factors. An eight-DE-ERS genes-based diagnostic model was developed and displayed satisfactory performance in the training (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.983) and validation datasets (AUC = 0.802). High risk of PCOS can be accurately predicted, which might contribute to clinical decision-making. Moreover, EDEM1 expression was significantly positively correlated with naive B cell infiltration, while PDIA6 was negatively correlated with neutrophil proportion (P < 0.001). We identified eight novel molecules and developed an ERS gene-based diagnostic model in PCOS, which might provide novel insight for finding biomarkers and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jinhua People's Hospital, No.267, Danxi East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jinhua People's Hospital, No.267, Danxi East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiulian Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jinhua People's Hospital, No.267, Danxi East Road, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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2
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Hazari Y, Chevet E, Bailly-Maitre B, Hetz C. ER stress signaling at the interphase between MASH and HCC. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00844. [PMID: 38626349 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
HCC is the most frequent primary liver cancer with an extremely poor prognosis and often develops on preset of chronic liver diseases. Major risk factors for HCC include metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, a complex multifactorial condition associated with abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. To cope with ER stress, the unfolded protein response engages adaptive reactions to restore the secretory capacity of the cell. Recent advances revealed that ER stress signaling plays a critical role in HCC progression. Here, we propose that chronic ER stress is a common transversal factor contributing to the transition from liver disease (risk factor) to HCC. Interventional strategies to target the unfolded protein response in HCC, such as cancer therapy, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Hazari
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Béatrice Bailly-Maitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France Team "Metainflammation and Hematometabolism", Metabolism Department, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
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3
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Kong YX, Chiu J, Passam FH. "Sticki-ER": Functions of the Platelet Endoplasmic Reticulum. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38284332 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Significance: The primary role of platelets is to generate a thrombus by platelet activation. Platelet activation relies on calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER resident proteins, which are externalized upon platelet activation, are essential for the function of platelet surface receptors and intercellular interactions. Recent Advances: The platelet ER is a conduit for changes in cellular function in response to the extracellular milieu. ER homeostasis is maintained by an appropriate redox balance, regulated calcium stores and normal protein folding. Alterations in ER function and ER stress results in ER proteins externalizing to the cell surface, including members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs) and chaperones. Critical Issues: The platelet ER is central to platelet function, but our understanding of its regulation is incomplete. Previous studies have focused on the function of PDIs in the extracellular space, and much less on their intracellular role. How platelets maintain ER homeostasis and how they direct ER chaperone proteins to facilitate intercellular signalling is unknown. Future Directions: An understanding of ER functions in the platelet is essential as these may determine critical platelet activities such as secretion and adhesion. Studies are necessary to understand the redox reactions of PDIs in the intracellular versus extracellular space, as these differentially affect platelet function. An unresolved question is how platelet ER proteins control calcium release. Regulation of protein folding in the platelet and downstream pathways of ER stress require further evaluation. Targeting the platelet ER may have therapeutic application in metabolic and neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne X Kong
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Cloots E, Guilbert P, Provost M, Neidhardt L, Van de Velde E, Fayazpour F, De Sutter D, Savvides SN, Eyckerman S, Janssens S. Activation of goblet-cell stress sensor IRE1β is controlled by the mucin chaperone AGR2. EMBO J 2024; 43:695-718. [PMID: 38177501 PMCID: PMC10907643 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal goblet cells are secretory cells specialized in the production of mucins, and as such are challenged by the need for efficient protein folding. Goblet cells express Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1β (IRE1β), a unique sensor in the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is part of an adaptive mechanism that regulates the demands of mucin production and secretion. However, how IRE1β activity is tuned to mucus folding load remains unknown. We identified the disulfide isomerase and mucin chaperone AGR2 as a goblet cell-specific protein that crucially regulates IRE1β-, but not IRE1α-mediated signaling. AGR2 binding to IRE1β disrupts IRE1β oligomerization, thereby blocking its downstream endonuclease activity. Depletion of endogenous AGR2 from goblet cells induces spontaneous IRE1β activation, suggesting that alterations in AGR2 availability in the endoplasmic reticulum set the threshold for IRE1β activation. We found that AGR2 mutants lacking their catalytic cysteine, or displaying the disease-associated mutation H117Y, were no longer able to dampen IRE1β activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that AGR2 is a central chaperone regulating the goblet cell UPR by acting as a rheostat of IRE1β endonuclease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cloots
- Laboratory for ER stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Phaedra Guilbert
- Laboratory for ER stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Provost
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Neidhardt
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Evelien Van de Velde
- Laboratory for ER stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Farzaneh Fayazpour
- Laboratory for ER stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Sutter
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Neidhardt L, Cloots E, Friemel N, Weiss CAM, Harding HP, McLaughlin SH, Janssens S, Ron D. The IRE1β-mediated unfolded protein response is repressed by the chaperone AGR2 in mucin producing cells. EMBO J 2024; 43:719-753. [PMID: 38177498 PMCID: PMC10907699 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Effector mechanisms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are well-characterised, but how ER proteostasis is sensed is less well understood. Here, we exploited the beta isoform of the UPR transducer IRE1, that is specific to mucin-producing cells in order to gauge the relative regulatory roles of activating ligands and repressing chaperones of the specialised ER of goblet cells. Replacement of the stress-sensing luminal domain of endogenous IRE1α in CHO cells (normally expressing neither mucin nor IRE1β) with the luminal domain of IRE1β deregulated basal IRE1 activity. The mucin-specific chaperone AGR2 repressed IRE1 activity in cells expressing the domain-swapped IRE1β/α chimera, but had no effect on IRE1α. Introduction of the goblet cell-specific client MUC2 reversed AGR2-mediated repression of the IRE1β/α chimera. In vitro, AGR2 actively de-stabilised the IRE1β luminal domain dimer and formed a reversible complex with the inactive monomer. These features of the IRE1β-AGR2 couple suggest that active repression of IRE1β by a specialised mucin chaperone subordinates IRE1 activity to a proteostatic challenge unique to goblet cells, a challenge that is otherwise poorly recognised by the pervasive UPR transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Neidhardt
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Eva Cloots
- Laboratory for ER stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalie Friemel
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Caroline A M Weiss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Heather P Harding
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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Xue M, Irshad Z, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Increased cellular protein modification by methylglyoxal activates endoplasmic reticulum-based sensors of the unfolded protein response. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103025. [PMID: 38199038 PMCID: PMC10821617 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) detects increased misfolded proteins and activates protein refolding, protein degradation and inflammatory responses. UPR sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum, IRE1α and PERK, bind and are activated by proteins with unexpected surface hydrophobicity, whereas sensor ATF6 is activated by proteolytic cleavage when released from complexation with protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). Metabolic dysfunction leading to the formation of misfolded proteins with surface hydrophobicity and disruption of ATF6-PDI complexes leading to activation of UPR sensors remains unclear. The cellular concentration of reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG), is increased in impaired metabolic health, producing increased MG-modified cellular proteins. Herein we assessed the effect of high glucose concentration and related increased cellular MG on activation status of IRE1α, PERK and ATF6. Human aortal endothelial cells and HMEC-1 microvascular endothelial cells were incubated in low and high glucose concentration to model blood glucose control, with increase or decrease of MG by silencing or increasing expression of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), which metabolizes MG. Increased MG induced by high glucose concentration activated IRE1α, PERK and ATF6 and related downstream signalling leading to increased chaperone, apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression. Correction of increased MG by increasing Glo1 expression prevented UPR activation. MG modification of proteins produces surface hydrophobicity through arginine-derived hydroimidazolone MG-H1 formation, with related protein unfolding and preferentially targets PDIs and chaperone pathways for modification. It thereby poses a major challenge to proteostasis and activates UPR sensors. Pharmacological decrease of MG with Glo1 inducer, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin in combination, offers a novel treatment strategy to counter UPR-related cell dysfunction, particularly in hyperglycemia associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zehra Irshad
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Tanaka M, Zhang S, Sato S, Yokota JI, Sugiyama Y, Kawarasaki Y, Yamagata Y, Gomi K, Shintani T. Physiological ER stress caused by amylase production induces regulated Ire1-dependent mRNA decay in Aspergillus oryzae. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1009. [PMID: 37794162 PMCID: PMC10551036 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated Ire1-dependent decay (RIDD) is a feedback mechanism in which the endoribonuclease Ire1 cleaves endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized mRNAs encoding secretory and membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells under ER stress. RIDD is artificially induced by chemicals that generate ER stress; however, its importance under physiological conditions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of RIDD in filamentous fungus using Aspergillus oryzae as a model, which secretes copious amounts of amylases. α-Amylase mRNA was rapidly degraded by IreA, an Ire1 ortholog, depending on its ER-associated translation when mycelia were treated with dithiothreitol, an ER-stress inducer. The mRNA encoding maltose permease MalP, a prerequisite for the induction of amylolytic genes, was also identified as an RIDD target. Importantly, RIDD of malP mRNA is triggered by inducing amylase production without any artificial ER stress inducer. Our data provide the evidence that RIDD occurs in eukaryotic microorganisms under physiological ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Silai Zhang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yokota
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuko Sugiyama
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kawarasaki
- Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory, School of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Youhei Yamagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
- Laboratory of Fermentation Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Shintani
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
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8
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Chung H, Kim J, Lee YJ, Choi KR, Jeong KJ, Kim GJ, Lee SY. Enhanced production of difficult-to-express proteins through knocking down rnpA gene expression. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200641. [PMID: 37285237 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli has been employed as a workhorse for the efficient production of recombinant proteins. However, some proteins were found to be difficult to produce in E. coli. The stability of mRNA has been considered as one of the important factors affecting recombinant protein production. Here we report a generally applicable and simple strategy for enhancing mRNA stability, and consequently improving recombinant protein production in E. coli. RNase P, a ribozyme comprising an RNA subunit (RnpB) and a protein subunit (RnpA), is involved in tRNA maturation. Based on the finding that purified RnpA can digest rRNA and mRNA in vitro, it was reasoned that knocking down the level of RnpA might enhance recombinant protein production. For this, the synthetic small regulatory RNA-based knockdown system was applied to reduce the expression level of RnpA. The developed RnpA knockdown system allowed successful overexpression of 23 different recombinant proteins of various origins and sizes, including Cas9 protein, antibody fragment, and spider silk protein. Notably, a 284.9-kDa ultra-high molecular weight, highly repetitive glycine-rich spider silk protein, which is one of the most difficult proteins to produce, could be produced to 1.38 g L-1 , about two-fold higher than the highest value previously achieved, by a fed-batch culture of recombinant E. coli strain employing the RnpA knockdown system. The RnpA-knockdown strategy reported here will be generally useful for the production of recombinant proteins including those that have been difficult to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chung
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- MedicosBiotech Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- MedicosBiotech Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Rok Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- MedicosBiotech Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Vanheer L, Fantuzzi F, To SK, Schiavo A, Van Haele M, Ostyn T, Haesen T, Yi X, Janiszewski A, Chappell J, Rihoux A, Sawatani T, Roskams T, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Cnop M, Pasque V. Inferring regulators of cell identity in the human adult pancreas. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad068. [PMID: 37435358 PMCID: PMC10331937 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular identity during development is under the control of transcription factors that form gene regulatory networks. However, the transcription factors and gene regulatory networks underlying cellular identity in the human adult pancreas remain largely unexplored. Here, we integrate multiple single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of the human adult pancreas, totaling 7393 cells, and comprehensively reconstruct gene regulatory networks. We show that a network of 142 transcription factors forms distinct regulatory modules that characterize pancreatic cell types. We present evidence that our approach identifies regulators of cell identity and cell states in the human adult pancreas. We predict that HEYL, BHLHE41 and JUND are active in acinar, beta and alpha cells, respectively, and show that these proteins are present in the human adult pancreas as well as in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived islet cells. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we found that JUND represses beta cell genes in hiPSC-alpha cells. BHLHE41 depletion induced apoptosis in primary pancreatic islets. The comprehensive gene regulatory network atlas can be explored interactively online. We anticipate our analysis to be the starting point for a more sophisticated dissection of how transcription factors regulate cell identity and cell states in the human adult pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - San Kit To
- Department of Development and Regeneration; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Single-cell Omics Institute and Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Schiavo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology; Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven; Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tessa Ostyn
- Department of Imaging and Pathology; Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven; Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Haesen
- Department of Development and Regeneration; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Single-cell Omics Institute and Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Development and Regeneration; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Single-cell Omics Institute and Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joel Chappell
- Department of Development and Regeneration; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Single-cell Omics Institute and Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrien Rihoux
- Department of Development and Regeneration; KU Leuven - University of Leuven; Single-cell Omics Institute and Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology; Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven; Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francois Pattou
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Miriam Cnop
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Miriam Cnop. Tel: +32 2 555 6305; Fax: +32 2 555 6239;
| | - Vincent Pasque
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +32 16 376283; Fax: +32 16 330827;
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10
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Mingjie Y, Yair A, Tali G. The RIDD activity of C. elegans IRE1 modifies neuroendocrine signaling in anticipation of environment stress to ensure survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552841. [PMID: 37609168 PMCID: PMC10441387 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Xbp1 splicing and regulated IRE1-dependent RNA decay (RIDD) are two RNase activities of the ER stress sensor IRE1. While Xbp1 splicing has important roles in stress responses and animal physiology, the physiological role(s) of RIDD remain enigmatic. Genetic evidence in C. elegans connects XBP1-independent IRE1 activity to organismal stress adaptation, but whether this is via RIDD, and what are the targets is yet unknown. We show that cytosolic kinase/RNase domain of C. elegans IRE1 is indeed capable of RIDD in human cells, and that sensory neurons use RIDD to signal environmental stress, by degrading mRNA of TGFβ-like growth factor DAF-7. daf-7 was degraded in human cells by both human and worm IRE1 RNAse activity with same efficiency and specificity as Blos1, confirming daf-7 as RIDD substrate. Surprisingly, daf-7 degradation in vivo was triggered by concentrations of ER stressor tunicamycin too low for xbp-1 splicing. Decrease in DAF-7 normally signals food limitation and harsh environment, triggering adaptive changes to promote population survival. Because C. elegans is a bacteriovore, and tunicamycin, like other common ER stressors, is an antibiotic secreted by Streptomyces spp., we asked whether daf-7 degradation by RIDD could signal pending food deprivation. Indeed, pre-emptive tunicamycin exposure increased survival of C. elegans populations under food limiting/high temperature stress, and this protection was abrogated by overexpression of DAF-7. Thus, C. elegans uses stress-inducing metabolites in its environment as danger signals, and employs IRE1's RIDD activity to modulate the neuroendocrine signaling for survival of upcoming environmental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mingjie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Argon Yair
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Pagliara V, Amodio G, Vestuto V, Franceschelli S, Russo NA, Cirillo V, Mottola G, Remondelli P, Moltedo O. Myogenesis in C2C12 Cells Requires Phosphorylation of ATF6α by p38 MAPK. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051457. [PMID: 37239128 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein known to participate in unfolded protein response (UPR) during ER stress in mammals. Herein, we show that in mouse C2C12 myoblasts induced to differentiate, ATF6α is the only pathway of the UPR activated. ATF6α stimulation is p38 MAPK-dependent, as revealed by the use of the inhibitor SB203580, which halts myotube formation and, at the same time, impairs trafficking of ATF6α, which accumulates at the cis-Golgi without being processed in the p50 transcriptional active form. To further evaluate the role of ATF6α, we knocked out the ATF6α gene, thus inhibiting the C2C12 myoblast from undergoing myogenesis, and this occurred independently from p38 MAPK activity. The expression of exogenous ATF6α in knocked-out ATF6α cells recover myogenesis, whereas the expression of an ATF6α mutant in the p38 MAPK phosphorylation site (T166) was not able to regain myogenesis. Genetic ablation of ATF6α also prevents the exit from the cell cycle, which is essential for muscle differentiation. Furthermore, when we inhibited differentiation by the use of dexamethasone in C2C12 cells, we found inactivation of p38 MAPK and, consequently, loss of ATF6α activity. All these findings suggest that the p-p38 MAPK/ATF6α axis, in pathophysiological conditions, regulates myogenesis by promoting the exit from the cell cycle, an essential step to start myoblasts differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pagliara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvia Franceschelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonino Russo
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mottola
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN) (AMU-INSERM 1263-INRAE 1260), Aix Marseille Université, Campus Timone, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Biogénopôle (BGP), Laboratoires de Biologie Médicale, Secteur Biochimie, Hôpital de La Timone, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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12
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Ong G, Logue SE. Unfolding the Interactions between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12050981. [PMID: 37237847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in cellular redox state due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While homeostatic levels of ROS are important for cell physiology and signaling, excess ROS can induce a variety of negative effects ranging from damage to biological macromolecules to cell death. Additionally, oxidative stress can disrupt the function of redox-sensitive organelles including the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the case of the ER, the accumulation of misfolded proteins can arise due to oxidative stress, leading to the onset of ER stress. To combat ER stress, cells initiate a highly conserved stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). While UPR signaling, within the context of resolving ER stress, is well characterised, how UPR mediators respond to and influence oxidative stress is less defined. In this review, we evaluate the interplay between oxidative stress, ER stress and UPR signaling networks. Specifically, we assess how UPR signaling mediators can influence antioxidant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Ong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Susan E Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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13
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Vx-809, a CFTR Corrector, Acts through a General Mechanism of Protein Folding and on the Inflammatory Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044252. [PMID: 36835664 PMCID: PMC9965627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Correct protein folding is the basis of cellular well-being; thus, accumulation of misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to an imbalance of homeostasis that causes stress to the ER. Various studies have shown that protein misfolding is a significant factor in the etiology of many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cystic fibrosis. Misfolded protein accumulation in the ER triggers a sophisticated signal transduction pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is controlled by three proteins, resident in ER: IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6. Briefly, when ER stress is irreversible, IRE1α induces the activation of pro-inflammatory proteins; PERK phosphorylates eIF2α which induces ATF4 transcription, while ATF6 activates genes encoding ER chaperones. Reticular stress causes an alteration of the calcium homeostasis, which is released from the ER and taken up by the mitochondria, leading to an increase in the oxygen radical species production, and consequently, to oxidative stress. Accumulation of intracellular calcium, in combination with lethal ROS levels, has been associated with an increase of pro-inflammatory protein expression and the initiation of the inflammatory process. Lumacaftor (Vx-809) is a common corrector used in cystic fibrosis treatment which enhances the folding of mutated F508del-CFTR, one of the most prevalent impaired proteins underlying the disease, promoting a higher localization of the mutant protein on the cell membrane. Here, we demonstrate that this drug reduces the ER stress and, consequently, the inflammation that is caused by such events. Thus, this molecule is a promising drug to treat several pathologies that present an etiopathogenesis due to the accumulation of protein aggregates that lead to chronic reticular stress.
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14
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De Franco E, Wakeling MN, Frew RD, Russ‐Silsby J, Peters C, Marks SD, Hattersley AT, Flanagan SE. A biallelic loss-of-function PDIA6 variant in a second patient with polycystic kidney disease, infancy-onset diabetes, and microcephaly. Clin Genet 2022; 102:457-458. [PMID: 35856135 PMCID: PMC9796798 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a second patient with intrauterine growth retardation, congenital polycystic kidney disease, infancy-onset diabetes, microcephaly, and liver fibrosis caused by a homozygous PDIA6 loss-of-function variant. Our study further defines the genetic and clinical features of this rare syndromic form of infancy-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and HealthExeterUK
| | - Matthew N. Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and HealthExeterUK
| | - Russel D. Frew
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and HealthExeterUK
| | - James Russ‐Silsby
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and HealthExeterUK
| | - Catherine Peters
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Stephen D. Marks
- Department of Paediatric NephrologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research CentreUniversity College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and HealthExeterUK
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter College of Medicine and HealthExeterUK
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15
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Peroxiredoxin 4 secreted by cumulus cells ameliorates the maturation of oocytes in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:155-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Cocoa Extract Provides Protection against 6-OHDA Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Dopaminergic Neurons by Targeting PERK. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082009. [PMID: 36009556 PMCID: PMC9405838 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a dopamine (DA) deficiency in striatal synapses and misfolded toxic α-synuclein aggregates with concomitant cytotoxicity. In this regard, the misfolded proteins accumulation in neurodegenerative disorders induces a remarkable perturbations of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis leading to persistent ER stress, which in turn, effects protein synthesis, modification, and folding quality control. A large body of evidence suggests that natural products target the ER stress signaling pathway, exerting a potential action in cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective effect of cocoa extract and its purified fractions against a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease represented by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of cocoa to specifically targets PERK sensor, with significant antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities as both crude and fractioning extracts. In addition, cocoa also showed antiapoptotic properties in 3D cell model and a notable ability to inhibit the accumulation of α-synuclein in 6-OHDA-induced cells. Overall, these results indicate that cocoa exerts neuroprotective effects suggesting a novel possible strategy to prevent or, at least, mitigate neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD.
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17
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Functions and mechanisms of protein disulfide isomerase family in cancer emergence. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:129. [PMID: 35965326 PMCID: PMC9375924 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-layered organelle that is essential for the synthesis, folding, and structural maturation of almost one-third of the cellular proteome. It houses several resident proteins for these functions including the 21 members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. The signature of proteins belonging to this family is the presence of the thioredoxin domain which mediates the formation, and rearrangement of disulfide bonds of substrate proteins in the ER. This process is crucial not only for the proper folding of ER substrates but also for maintaining a balanced ER proteostasis. The inclusion of new PDI members with a wide variety of structural determinants, size and enzymatic activity has brought additional epitomes of how PDI functions. Notably, some of them do not carry the thioredoxin domain and others have roles outside the ER. This also reflects that PDIs may have specialized functions and their functions are not limited within the ER. Large-scale expression datasets of human clinical samples have identified that the expression of PDI members is elevated in pathophysiological states like cancer. Subsequent functional interrogations using structural, molecular, cellular, and animal models suggest that some PDI members support the survival, progression, and metastasis of several cancer types. Herein, we review recent research advances on PDIs, vis-à-vis their expression, functions, and molecular mechanisms in supporting cancer growth with special emphasis on the anterior gradient (AGR) subfamily. Last, we posit the relevance and therapeutic strategies in targeting the PDIs in cancer.
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18
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Mestre-Farràs N, Guerrero S, Bley N, Rivero E, Coll O, Borràs E, Sabidó E, Indacochea A, Casillas-Serra C, Järvelin AI, Oliva B, Castello A, Hüttelmaier S, Gebauer F. Melanoma RBPome identification reveals PDIA6 as an unconventional RNA-binding protein involved in metastasis. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8207-8225. [PMID: 35848924 PMCID: PMC9371929 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been relatively overlooked in cancer research despite their contribution to virtually every cancer hallmark. Here, we use RNA interactome capture (RIC) to characterize the melanoma RBPome and uncover novel RBPs involved in melanoma progression. Comparison of RIC profiles of a non-tumoral versus a metastatic cell line revealed prevalent changes in RNA-binding capacities that were not associated with changes in RBP levels. Extensive functional validation of a selected group of 24 RBPs using five different in vitro assays unveiled unanticipated roles of RBPs in melanoma malignancy. As proof-of-principle we focused on PDIA6, an ER-lumen chaperone that displayed a novel RNA-binding activity. We show that PDIA6 is involved in metastatic progression, map its RNA-binding domain, and find that RNA binding is required for PDIA6 tumorigenic properties. These results exemplify how RIC technologies can be harnessed to uncover novel vulnerabilities of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Mestre-Farràs
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Rivero
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Coll
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Borràs
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Indacochea
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Casillas-Serra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aino I Järvelin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Baldomero Oliva
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Castello
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Fátima Gebauer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Roles of Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030745. [PMID: 35159012 PMCID: PMC8833603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis and higher recurrence rate due to ineffective therapy. Even with newly approved therapeutics, only limited TNBC patients could have benefited from the regimens. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been of great interest as a potential therapeutic target for cancers due to its impacts on tumor progression, metastasis, and clinical outcomes. Here, we discuss the roles of PDI members in breast cancers such as TNBC and the PDI inhibitors studied in breast cancer research. Abstract Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)’s most abundant and essential enzyme and serves as the primary catalyst for protein folding. Due to its apparent role in supporting the rapid proliferation of cancer cells, the selective blockade of PDI results in apoptosis through sustained activation of UPR pathways. The functions of PDI, especially in cancers, have been extensively studied over a decade, and recent research has explored the use of PDI inhibitors in the treatment of cancers but with focus areas of other cancers, such as brain or ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the roles of PDI members in breast cancer and PDI inhibitors used in breast cancer research. Additionally, a few PDI members may be suggested as potential molecular targets for highly metastatic breast cancers, such as TNBC, that require more attention in future research.
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20
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A point mutation in the Pdia6 gene results in loss of pancreatic β-cell identity causing overt diabetes. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101334. [PMID: 34487921 PMCID: PMC8515296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are oxidoreductases that are involved in catalyzing the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds during protein folding. One of the PDI members is the PDI-associated 6 (PDIA6) protein, which has been shown to play a vital role in β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. However, very little is known about the function of this protein in β-cells in vivo. This study aimed to describe the consequences of a point mutation in Pdia6 on β-cell development and function. METHODS We generated an ENU mouse model carrying a missense mutation (Phe175Ser) in the second thioredoxin domain of the Pdia6 gene. Using biochemical and molecular tools, we determined the effects of the mutation on the β-cell development at embryonic day (E)18.5 and β-cell identity as well as function at postnatal stages. RESULTS Mice homozygous for the Phe175Ser (F175S) mutation were mildly hyperglycemic at weaning and subsequently became hypoinsulinemic and overtly diabetic at the adult stage. Although no developmental phenotype was detected during embryogenesis, mutant mice displayed reduced insulin-expressing β-cells at P14 and P21 without any changes in the rate of cell death and proliferation. Further analysis revealed an increase in BiP and the PDI family member PDIA4, but without any concomitant apoptosis and cell death. Instead, the expression of prominent markers of β-cell maturation and function, such as Ins2, Mafa, and Slc2a2, along with increased expression of α-cell markers, Mafb, and glucagon was observed in adult mice, suggesting loss of β-cell identity. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that a global Pdia6 mutation renders mice hypoinsulinemic and hyperglycemic. This occurs due to the loss of pancreatic β-cell function and identity, suggesting a critical role of PDIA6 specifically for β-cells.
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21
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Meng J, Wang L, Wang C, Zhao G, Wang H, Xu B, Guo X. AccPDIA6 from Apis cerana cerana plays important roles in antioxidation. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104830. [PMID: 33993956 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PDIA6 is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, shows disulfide isomerase activity and oxidoreductase activity, and can act as a molecular chaperone. Its biological functions include modulating apoptosis, regulating the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, supporting thrombosis and modulating insulin secretion. However, the roles of PDIA6 in Apis cerana cerana are poorly understood. Herein, we obtained the PDIA6 gene from A. cerana cerana (AccPDIA6). We investigated the expression patterns of AccPDIA6 in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2, UV, HgCl2, extreme temperatures (4 °C, 42 °C) and pesticides (thiamethoxam and hexythiazox) and found that AccPDIA6 was upregulated by these treatments. Western blot analysis indicated that AccPDIA6 was also upregulated by oxidative stress at the protein level. In addition, a survival test demonstrated that the survival rate of E. coli cells expressing AccPDIA6 increased under oxidative stress, suggesting a possible antioxidant function of AccPDIA6. In addition, we tested the transcripts of other antioxidant genes and found that some of them were downregulated in AccPDIA6 knockdown samples. It was also discovered that the antioxidant enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in AccPDIA6-silenced bees. Moreover, the survival rate of AccPDIA6 knockdown bees decreased under oxidative stress, implying that AccPDIA6 may function in the oxidative stress response by enhancing the viability of honeybees. Taken together, these results indicated that AccPDIA6 may play an essential role in counteracting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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22
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Okumura M, Kanemura S, Matsusaki M, Kinoshita M, Saio T, Ito D, Hirayama C, Kumeta H, Watabe M, Amagai Y, Lee YH, Akiyama S, Inaba K. A unique leucine-valine adhesive motif supports structure and function of protein disulfide isomerase P5 via dimerization. Structure 2021; 29:1357-1370.e6. [PMID: 33857433 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
P5, also known as PDIA6, is a PDI family member involved in the ER quality control. Here, we revealed that P5 dimerizes via a unique adhesive motif contained in the N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain. Unlike conventional leucine zipper motifs with leucine residues every two helical turns on ∼30-residue parallel α helices, this adhesive motif includes periodic repeats of leucine/valine residues at the third or fourth position spanning five helical turns on 15-residue anti-parallel α helices. The P5 dimerization interface is further stabilized by several reciprocal salt bridges and C-capping interactions between protomers. A monomeric P5 mutant with the impaired adhesive motif showed structural instability and local unfolding, and behaved as aberrant proteins that induce the ER stress response. Disassembly of P5 to monomers compromised its ability to inactivate IRE1α via intermolecular disulfide bond reduction and its Ca2+-dependent regulation of chaperone function in vitro. Thus, the leucine-valine adhesive motif supports structure and function of P5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Motonori Matsusaki
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Misaki Kinoshita
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomohide Saio
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Dai Ito
- Deartment of Brain & Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Techno Jungang Daero 333, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Chihiro Hirayama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Kita, Sapporo 0110021, Japan
| | - Mai Watabe
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuta Amagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea; Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28199, South Korea
| | - Shuji Akiyama
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan; Research Center of Integrative Molecular System (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Functional Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
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23
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Powell LE, Foster PA. Protein disulphide isomerase inhibition as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2812-2825. [PMID: 33742523 PMCID: PMC8026947 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) gene family is a large, diverse group of enzymes recognised for their roles in disulphide bond formation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PDI therefore plays an important role in ER proteostasis, however, it also shows involvement in ER stress, a characteristic recognised in multiple disease states, including cancer. While the exact mechanisms by which PDI contributes to tumorigenesis are still not fully understood, PDI exhibits clear involvement in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. The UPR acts to alleviate ER stress through the activation of ER chaperones, such as PDI, which act to refold misfolded proteins, promoting cell survival. PDI also acts as an upstream regulator of the UPR pathway, through redox regulation of UPR stress receptors. This demonstrates the pro‐protective roles of PDI and highlights PDI as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Recent research has explored the use of PDI inhibitors with PACMA 31 in particular, demonstrating promising anti‐cancer effects in ovarian cancer. This review discusses the properties and functions of PDI family members and focuses on their potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Powell
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in cardiovascular diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:499-521. [PMID: 33619348 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke and heart failure, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although specific CVDs and the associated cardiometabolic abnormalities have distinct pathophysiological and clinical manifestations, they often share common traits, including disruption of proteostasis resulting in accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER proteostasis is governed by the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signalling pathway that adjusts the protein-folding capacity of the cell to sustain the cell's secretory function. When the adaptive UPR fails to preserve ER homeostasis, a maladaptive or terminal UPR is engaged, leading to the disruption of ER integrity and to apoptosis. ER stress functions as a double-edged sword, with long-term ER stress resulting in cellular defects causing disturbed cardiovascular function. In this Review, we discuss the distinct roles of the UPR and ER stress response as both causes and consequences of CVD. We also summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the importance of the UPR and ER stress in the pathogenesis of CVD and discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ER proteostasis in CVDs.
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25
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Evolution and function of the epithelial cell-specific ER stress sensor IRE1β. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1235-1246. [PMID: 34075183 PMCID: PMC8528705 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Barrier epithelial cells lining the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts interface directly with the environment. As such, these tissues are continuously challenged to maintain a healthy equilibrium between immunity and tolerance against environmental toxins, food components, and microbes. An extracellular mucus barrier, produced and secreted by the underlying epithelium plays a central role in this host defense response. Several dedicated molecules with a unique tissue-specific expression in mucosal epithelia govern mucosal homeostasis. Here, we review the biology of Inositol-requiring enzyme 1β (IRE1β), an ER-resident endonuclease and paralogue of the most evolutionarily conserved ER stress sensor IRE1α. IRE1β arose through gene duplication in early vertebrates and adopted functions unique from IRE1α which appear to underlie the basic development and physiology of mucosal tissues.
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26
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Kranz P, Sänger C, Wolf A, Baumann J, Metzen E, Baumann M, Göpelt K, Brockmeier U. Tumor cells rely on the thiol oxidoreductase PDI for PERK signaling in order to survive ER stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15299. [PMID: 32943707 PMCID: PMC7499200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon ER stress cells activate the unfolded protein response through PERK, IRE1 and ATF6. Remarkable effort has been made to delineate the downstream signaling of these three ER stress sensors after activation, but upstream regulation at the ER luminal site still remains mostly undefined. Here we report that the thiol oxidoreductase PDI is mandatory for activation of the PERK pathway in HEK293T as well as in human pancreatic, lung and colon cancer cells. Under ER stress, depletion of PDI selectively abrogated eIF2α phosphorylation, induction of ATF4, CHOP and even BiP. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that PDI prevented degradation of activated PERK by the 26S proteasome and therefore contributes to maintained PERK signaling. As a result of decreased PERK activity, PDI depleted cells showed an increased vulnerability to ER stress induced by chemicals or ionizing radiation in 2D as well as in 3D culture models. We conclude that PDI is an obligatory regulator of the PERK pathway with future therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kranz
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Wolf
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Baumann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Eric Metzen
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Baumann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Göpelt
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Brockmeier
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
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27
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Urra H, Pihán P, Hetz C. The UPRosome - decoding novel biological outputs of IRE1α function. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/15/jcs218107. [PMID: 32788208 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different perturbations alter the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in its lumen, a condition termed ER stress. To restore ER proteostasis, a highly conserved pathway is engaged, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), triggering adaptive programs or apoptosis of terminally damaged cells. IRE1α (also known as ERN1), the most conserved UPR sensor, mediates the activation of responses to determine cell fate under ER stress. The complexity of IRE1α regulation and its signaling outputs is mediated in part by the assembly of a dynamic multi-protein complex, named the UPRosome, that regulates IRE1α activity and the crosstalk with other pathways. We discuss several studies identifying components of the UPRosome that have illuminated novel functions in cell death, autophagy, DNA damage, energy metabolism and cytoskeleton dynamics. Here, we provide a theoretical analysis to assess the biological significance of the UPRosome and present the results of a systematic bioinformatics analysis of the available IRE1α interactome data sets followed by functional enrichment clustering. This in silico approach decoded that IRE1α also interacts with proteins involved in the cell cycle, transport, differentiation, response to viral infection and immune response. Thus, defining the spectrum of IRE1α-binding partners will reveal novel signaling outputs and the relevance of the pathway to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hery Urra
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.,The Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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28
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Sharma RB, Darko C, Alonso LC. Intersection of the ATF6 and XBP1 ER stress pathways in mouse islet cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14164-14177. [PMID: 32788214 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Success or failure of pancreatic beta cell adaptation to ER stress is a determinant of diabetes susceptibility. The ATF6 and IRE1/XBP1 pathways are separate ER stress-response effectors important to beta cell health and function. ATF6α. and XBP1 direct overlapping transcriptional responses in some cell types. However, the signaling dynamics and interdependence of ATF6α and XBP1 in pancreatic beta cells have not been explored. To assess pathway-specific signal onset, we performed timed exposures of primary mouse islet cells to ER stressors and measured the early transcriptional response. Comparing the time course of induction of ATF6 and XBP1 targets suggested that the two pathways have similar response dynamics. The role of ATF6α in target induction was assessed by acute knockdown using islet cells from Atf6α flox/flox mice transduced with adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase. Surprisingly, given the mild impact of chronic deletion in mice, acute ATF6α knockdown markedly reduced ATF6-pathway target gene expression under both basal and stressed conditions. Intriguingly, although ATF6α knockdown did not alter Xbp1 splicing dynamics or intensity, it did reduce induction of XBP1 targets. Inhibition of Xbp1 splicing did not decrease induction of ATF6α targets. Taken together, these data suggest that the XBP1 and ATF6 pathways are simultaneously activated in islet cells in response to acute stress and that ATF6α is required for full activation of XBP1 targets, but XBP1 is not required for activation of ATF6α targets. These observations improve understanding of the ER stress transcriptional response in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA .,Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine Darko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA .,Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Zou Y, Qi Z. Understanding the Role of Exercise in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: ERS-Linked Molecular Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6412916. [PMID: 32774148 PMCID: PMC7397409 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6412916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally prevalent and characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver, frequently accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), enhanced hepatic inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent studies showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) at the subcellular level underlies these featured pathologies in the development of NAFLD. As an effective treatment, exercise significantly reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and thus alleviates NAFLD. Confusingly, these benefits of exercise are associated with increased or decreased ERS in the liver. Further, the interaction between diet, medication, exercise types, and intensity in ERS regulation is more confusing, though most studies have confirmed the benefits of exercise. In this review, we focus on understanding the role of exercise-modulated ERS in NAFLD and ERS-linked molecular pathways. Moderate ERS is an essential signaling for hepatic lipid homeostasis. Higher ERS may lead to increased inflammation and apoptosis in the liver, while lower ERS may lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Therefore, exercise acts like an igniter or extinguisher to keep ERS at an appropriate level by turning it up or down, which depends on diet, medications, exercise intensity, etc. Exercise not only enhances hepatic tolerance to ERS but also prevents the malignant development of steatosis due to excessive ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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30
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Cassiano C, Eletto D, Tosco A, Riccio R, Monti MC, Casapullo A. Determining the Effect of Pterostilbene on Insulin Secretion Using Chemoproteomics. Molecules 2020; 25:E2885. [PMID: 32585851 PMCID: PMC7356329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene, the 3,5-dimethoxy derivative of resveratrol, is a well-known polyphenolic compound, mainly found in blueberries, grapevines, and Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, which has recently attracted a great deal of attention due to its wide bio-pharmacological profile. Moreover, pterostilbene is more lipophilic than resveratrol, with a consequently better bioavailability and a more interesting therapeutic potential. In this work, a chemoproteomic approach, based on affinity chromatography, was applied on pterostilbene in the attempt to identify the biological targets responsible for its bioactivity. On this basis, syntaxins, a group of proteins involved in the formation of SNARE complexes mediating vesicles exocytosis, were selected among the most interesting pterostilbene interactors. In vitro and in cell assays gave evidence of the pterostilbene ability to reduce insulin secretion on glucose-stimulated pancreatic beta cells, opening the way to potential applications of pterostilbene as a supplement in the care of insulin-dependent metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cassiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (A.T.); (R.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D., Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Eletto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (A.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (A.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Raffaele Riccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (A.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Maria Chiara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (A.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Agostino Casapullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.C.); (D.E.); (A.T.); (R.R.)
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31
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Xu C, Su X, Chen Y, Xu Y, Wang Z, Mo X. Proteomics analysis of plasma protein changes in patent ductus arteriosus patients. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:64. [PMID: 32430045 PMCID: PMC7236322 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect with an unclear etiology that occurs commonly among newborns. Adequately understanding the molecular pathogenesis of PDA can contribute to improved treatment and prevention. Plasma proteins may provide evidence to explore the molecular mechanisms of abnormal cardiac development. Methods Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics technology was used to measure different plasma proteins in PDA patients (n = 4) and controls (n = 4). The candidate protein was validated by ELISA and Western blot (WB) assays in a larger sample. Validation of the location and expression of this protein was performed in mouse heart sections. Results There were three downregulated proteins and eight upregulated proteins identified in the iTRAQ proteomics data. Among these, protein disulfide-isomerase A6 (PDIA6) was further analyzed for validation. The plasma PDIA6 concentrations (3.2 ± 0.7 ng/ml) in PDA patients were significantly lower than those in normal controls (5.8 ± 1.2 ng/ml). In addition, a WB assay also supported these results. PDIA6 was widely expressed in mouse heart outflow tract on embryonic day 14.5. Conclusion Plasma proteomics profiles suggested novel candidate molecular markers for PDA. The findings may allow development of a new strategy to investigate the mechanism and etiology of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoqi Su
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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32
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Chamberlain N, Anathy V. Pathological consequences of the unfolded protein response and downstream protein disulphide isomerases in pulmonary viral infection and disease. J Biochem 2020; 167:173-184. [PMID: 31790139 PMCID: PMC6988748 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exists in a delicate balance; perturbations of this balance can overload the folding capacity of the ER and disruptions of ER homoeostasis is implicated in numerous diseases. The unfolded protein response (UPR), a complex adaptive stress response, attempts to restore normal proteostasis, in part, through the up-regulation of various foldases and chaperone proteins including redox-active protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs). There are currently over 20 members of the PDI family each consisting of varying numbers of thioredoxin-like domains which, generally, assist in oxidative folding and disulphide bond rearrangement of peptides. While there is a large amount of redundancy in client proteins of the various PDIs, the size of the family would indicate more nuanced roles for the individual PDIs. However, the role of individual PDIs in disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. The following review briefly discusses recent findings of ER stress, the UPR and the role of individual PDIs in various respiratory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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33
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Liu YP, Shao SJ, Guo HD. Schwann cells apoptosis is induced by high glucose in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Life Sci 2020; 248:117459. [PMID: 32092332 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that affects approximately half of patients with diabetes. Current treatment regimens cannot treat DPN effectively. Schwann cells (SCs) are very sensitive to glucose concentration and insulin, and closely associated with the occurrence and development of type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) and DPN. Apoptosis of SCs is induced by hyperglycemia and is involved in the pathogenesis of DPN. This review considers the pathological processes of SCs apoptosis under high glucose, which include the following: oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, nitrification and signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, ERK, PERK/Nrf2, and Wnt/β-catenin). The clarification of mechanisms underlying SCs apoptosis induced by high glucose will help us to understand and identify more effective strategies for the treatment of T1DM DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shui-Jin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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34
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Choi JH, Zhong X, Zhang Z, Su L, McAlpine W, Misawa T, Liao TC, Zhan X, Russell J, Ludwig S, Li X, Tang M, Anderton P, Moresco EMY, Beutler B. Essential cell-extrinsic requirement for PDIA6 in lymphoid and myeloid development. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133654. [PMID: 31985756 PMCID: PMC7144532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a forward genetic screen of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–induced mutant mice for aberrant immune function, we identified mice with a syndromic disorder marked by growth retardation, diabetes, premature death, and severe lymphoid and myeloid hypoplasia together with diminished T cell–independent (TI) antibody responses. The causative mutation was in Pdia6, an essential gene encoding protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6), an oxidoreductase that functions in nascent protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. The immune deficiency caused by the Pdia6 mutation was, with the exception of a residual T cell developmental defect, completely rescued in irradiated wild-type recipients of PDIA6-deficient bone marrow cells, both in the absence or presence of competition. The viable hypomorphic allele uncovered in these studies reveals an essential role for PDIA6 in hematopoiesis, but one extrinsic to cells of the hematopoietic lineage. We show evidence that this role is in the proper folding of Wnt3a, BAFF, IL-7, and perhaps other factors produced by the extra-hematopoietic compartment that contribute to the development and lineage commitment of hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xue Zhong
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lijing Su
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - William McAlpine
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Takuma Misawa
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Tzu-Chieh Liao
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jamie Russell
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Sara Ludwig
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Miao Tang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Priscilla Anderton
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eva Marie Y Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Liu C, Hao Y, Yin F, Liu J. Geniposide Balances the Redox Signaling to Mediate Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:509-520. [PMID: 32158246 PMCID: PMC7049278 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s240794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of geniposide on the biosynthesis of insulin and the expression protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1) in the presence of low (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose in pancreatic β cells. METHODS The content of insulin was measured by ELISA, the number of SH groups was determined with the classical chromogenic reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB; also known as Ellman's reagent), the expressions of PDI and ERO1 were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Geniposide played contrary roles on the accumulation of H2O2, the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the thiol-disulfide balance in the presence of low (5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose in rat pancreatic INS-1 cells. Geniposide also regulated the protein levels of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin1 (ERO1), the two key enzymes for the production of H2O2 during the biosynthesis of insulin in INS-1 cells. CONCLUSION Geniposide affects glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by modulating the thiol-disulfide balance that is controlled by the redox signaling in pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing400054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing400054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing400054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing400054, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianhui Liu; Fei Yin Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Hongguang Road 69, Ba’nan District, Chongqing400054, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86-23-6256-3182 Email ;
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Karagöz GE, Aragón T, Acosta-Alvear D. Recent advances in signal integration mechanisms in the unfolded protein response. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31723416 PMCID: PMC6833987 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19848.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery more than 25 years ago, great progress has been made in our understanding of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a homeostatic mechanism that adjusts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function to satisfy the physiological demands of the cell. However, if ER homeostasis is unattainable, the UPR switches to drive cell death to remove defective cells in an effort to protect the health of the organism. This functional dichotomy places the UPR at the crossroads of the adaptation versus apoptosis decision. Here, we focus on new developments in UPR signaling mechanisms, in the interconnectivity among the signaling pathways that make up the UPR in higher eukaryotes, and in the coordination between the UPR and other fundamental cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elif Karagöz
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomás Aragón
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Acosta-Alvear
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Karagöz GE, Acosta-Alvear D, Walter P. The Unfolded Protein Response: Detecting and Responding to Fluctuations in the Protein-Folding Capacity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033886. [PMID: 30670466 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the secreted and plasma membrane proteins are synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They require engagement of ER-resident chaperones and foldases that assist in their folding and maturation. Since protein homeostasis in the ER is crucial for cellular function, the protein-folding status in the organelle's lumen is continually surveyed by a network of signaling pathways, collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein-folding imbalances, or "ER stress," are detected by highly conserved sensors that adjust the ER's protein-folding capacity according to the physiological needs of the cell. We review recent developments in the field that have provided new insights into the ER stress-sensing mechanisms used by UPR sensors and the mechanisms by which they integrate various cellular inputs to adjust the folding capacity of the organelle to accommodate to fluctuations in ER protein-folding demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elif Karagöz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Diego Acosta-Alvear
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Peter Walter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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Amodio G, Moltedo O, Fasano D, Zerillo L, Oliveti M, Di Pietro P, Faraonio R, Barone P, Pellecchia MT, De Rosa A, De Michele G, Polishchuk E, Polishchuk R, Bonifati V, Nitsch L, Pierantoni GM, Renna M, Criscuolo C, Paladino S, Remondelli P. PERK-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Activation and Oxidative Stress in PARK20 Fibroblasts. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:673. [PMID: 31316342 PMCID: PMC6610533 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PARK20, an early onset autosomal recessive parkinsonism is due to mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-phosphatase Synaptojanin 1 (Synj1). We have recently shown that the early endosomal compartments are profoundly altered in PARK20 fibroblasts as well as the endosomal trafficking. Here, we report that PARK20 fibroblasts also display a drastic alteration of the architecture and function of the early secretory compartments. Our results show that the exit machinery from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and the ER-to-Golgi trafficking are markedly compromised in patient cells. As a consequence, PARK20 fibroblasts accumulate large amounts of cargo proteins within the ER, leading to the induction of ER stress. Interestingly, this stressful state is coupled to the activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). In addition, PARK20 fibroblasts reveal upregulation of oxidative stress markers and total ROS production with concomitant alteration of the morphology of the mitochondrial network. Interestingly, treatment of PARK20 cells with GSK2606414 (GSK), a specific inhibitor of PERK activity, restores the level of ROS, signaling a direct correlation between ER stress and the induction of oxidative stress in the PARK20 cells. All together, these findings suggest that dysfunction of early secretory pathway might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Dominga Fasano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Section of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Section of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna De Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Ricci D, Marrocco I, Blumenthal D, Dibos M, Eletto D, Vargas J, Boyle S, Iwamoto Y, Chomistek S, Paton JC, Paton AW, Argon Y. Clustering of IRE1α depends on sensing ER stress but not on its RNase activity. FASEB J 2019; 33:9811-9827. [PMID: 31199681 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801240rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The sensors of the unfolded protein response react to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by transient activation of their enzymatic activities, which initiate various signaling cascades. In addition, the sensor IRE1α exhibits stress-induced clustering in a transient time frame similar to activation of its endoRNase activity. Previous work had suggested that the clustering response and RNase activity of IRE1α are functionally linked, but here we show that they are independent of each other and have different behaviors and modes of activation. Although both clustering and the RNase activity are responsive to luminal stress conditions and to depletion of the ER chaperone binding protein, RNase-inactive IRE1α still clusters and, conversely, full RNase activity can be accomplished without clustering. The clusters formed by RNase-inactive IRE1α are much larger and persist longer than those induced by ER stress. Clustering requires autophosphorylation, and an IRE1α mutant whose RNase domain is responsive to ligands that bind the kinase domain forms yet a third type of stress-independent cluster, with distinct physical properties and half-lives. These data suggest that IRE1α clustering can follow distinct pathways upon activation of the sensor.-Ricci, D., Marrocco, I., Blumenthal, D., Dibos, M., Eletto, D., Vargas, J., Boyle, S., Iwamoto, Y., Chomistek, S., Paton, J. C., Paton, A. W., Argon, Y. Clustering of IRE1α depends on sensing ER stress but not on its RNase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ricci
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Blumenthal
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miriam Dibos
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Eletto
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jade Vargas
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Boyle
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Chomistek
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James C Paton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yair Argon
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Kietzmann T. Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species as Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:113-137. [PMID: 29717631 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Eukaryotic cells execute various functions in subcellular compartments or organelles for which cellular redox homeostasis is of importance. Apart from mitochondria, hypoxia and stress-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) functions. Recent Advances: Research during the last decade has improved our understanding of disulfide bond formation, protein glycosylation and secretion, as well as pH and redox homeostasis in the ER and GA. Thus, oxygen (O2) itself, NADPH oxidase (NOX) formed ROS, and pH changes appear to be of importance and indicate the intricate balance of intercompartmental communication. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the interplay between hypoxia, ER stress, and Golgi function is evident, the existence of more than 20 protein disulfide isomerase family members and the relative mild phenotypes of, for example, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1)- and NOX4-knockout mice clearly suggest the existence of redundant and alternative pathways, which remain largely elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of these pathways and the key players involved in intercompartmental communication needs suitable animal models, genome-wide association, as well as proteomic studies in humans. The results of those studies will be beneficial for the understanding of the etiology of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, which are associated with ROS, protein aggregation, and glycosylation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
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Cheng X, Zhang G, Seupel R, Feineis D, Brünnert D, Chatterjee M, Schlosser A, Bringmann G. Epoxides related to dioncoquinone B: Synthesis, activity against multiple myeloma cells, and search for the target protein. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Heck AM, Wilusz J. The Interplay between the RNA Decay and Translation Machinery in Eukaryotes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a032839. [PMID: 29311343 PMCID: PMC5932591 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA decay plays a major role in regulating gene expression and is tightly networked with other aspects of gene expression to effectively coordinate post-transcriptional regulation. The goal of this work is to provide an overview of the major factors and pathways of general messenger RNA (mRNA) decay in eukaryotic cells, and then discuss the effective interplay of this cytoplasmic process with the protein synthesis machinery. Given the transcript-specific and fluid nature of mRNA stability in response to changing cellular conditions, understanding the fundamental networking between RNA decay and translation will provide a foundation for a complete mechanistic understanding of this important aspect of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Heck
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
- Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
- Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
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Wu L, Liu H, Li L, Xu D, Gao Y, Guan Y, Chen Q. 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone protects chondrocytes from ER stress-induced apoptosis through regulation of the IRE1α pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:157-166. [PMID: 28436754 PMCID: PMC6104397 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1321639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)α signaling in ER stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying chondroprotective activity of 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) from Murraya exotica. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRE1α was knocked down by siRNA transfection in chondrocytes, which were harvested from rats' knee cartilages. Chondrocytes with IRE1α deficiency were administrated with tunicamycin (TM) and TMF. Chondrocyte apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and DAPI/TUNEL staining. Expression of mRNA and proteins was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western-blot, respectively. RESULTS IRE1α deficiency significantly increased the rate of TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, down-regulated the expression of pro-survival factors XBP1S and Bcl-2, and up-regulated pro-apoptotic factors CHOP, p-JNK, and caspase-3. TMF suppressed TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by activating the expression of IRE1α, which reversed the expression patterns of downstream pro-survival and pro-apoptotic factors due to IRE1α deficiency. CONCLUSION The mechanism of TMF in protecting chondrocytes against ER stress-induced apoptosis might be associated with regulating the activity of ER sensor IRE1α and its downstream pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yingjie Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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IRE1α siRNA relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and alleviates diabetic peripheral neuropathy in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2579. [PMID: 29416111 PMCID: PMC5803253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is mainly characterized by demyelination resulted from the apoptosis of the Schwann cell (SCs). Although the exact mechanisms underlying DPN remain unclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is strongly implicated in the apoptosis. Under ER stress, activated inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) unregulated CHOP, phosphorylated JNK and Caspase-12 to aggravate apoptosis-mediated damage of DPN. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of IRE1α could reduce the ER stress-related apoptosis to relieve DPN. Here, we show that IRE1α siRNA improved the neurological morphology and function of DPN rats and rescued ER stress-related apoptosis in the sciatic nerve. Additionally, RSC96 cells transfected with IRE1α siRNA were used as in vitro model of DPN. It was found that IRE1α siRNA also decreased high glucose-induced apoptosis and inhibited ER stress-related apoptosis in the cells. Altogether, our results suggest that IRE1α should be considered a potential therapeutic agent for DPN.
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Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Cunningham CN, Shrestha N, Tsai B, Qi L, Liu M, Arvan P. Misfolded proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum during development of beta cell failure in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:5-19. [PMID: 29377149 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is broadly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of pancreatic beta cells, and this is where all proinsulin is initially made. Healthy beta cells can synthesize 6000 proinsulin molecules per second. Ordinarily, nascent proinsulin entering the ER rapidly folds via the formation of three evolutionarily conserved disulfide bonds (B7-A7, B19-A20, and A6-A11). A modest amount of proinsulin misfolding, including both intramolecular disulfide mispairing and intermolecular disulfide-linked protein complexes, is a natural by-product of proinsulin biosynthesis, as is the case for many proteins. The steady-state level of misfolded proinsulin-a potential ER stressor-is linked to (1) production rate, (2) ER environment, (3) presence or absence of naturally occurring (mutational) defects in proinsulin, and (4) clearance of misfolded proinsulin molecules. Accumulation of misfolded proinsulin beyond a certain threshold begins to interfere with the normal intracellular transport of bystander proinsulin, leading to diminished insulin production and hyperglycemia, as well as exacerbating ER stress. This is most obvious in mutant INS gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY; an autosomal dominant disease) but also likely to occur in type 2 diabetes owing to dysregulation in proinsulin synthesis, ER folding environment, or clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corey N Cunningham
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ilacqua N, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bachmann M, Costiniti V, Del Pozo MA, Giacomello M. Protein Localization at Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites in Basal and Stress Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:107. [PMID: 29312934 PMCID: PMC5733094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts (MERCs) are sites at which the outer mitochondria membrane and the Endoplasmic Reticulum surface run in parallel at a constant distance. The juxtaposition between these organelles determines several intracellular processes such as to name a few, Ca2+ and lipid homeostasis or autophagy. These specific tasks can be exploited thanks to the enrichment (or re-localization) of dedicated proteins at these interfaces. Recent proteomic studies highlight the tissue specific composition of MERCs, but the overall mechanisms that control MERCs plasticity remains unclear. Understanding how proteins are targeted at these sites seems pivotal to clarify such contextual function of MERCs. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on protein localization at MERCs and the possible contribution of the mislocalization of MERCs components to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ilacqua
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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McMahon M, Samali A, Chevet E. Regulation of the unfolded protein response by noncoding RNA. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells are exposed to various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses in both physiological and pathological conditions. To adapt to those conditions, cells have evolved various mechanisms to cope with the disturbances in protein demand, largely through the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but also through the integrated stress response (ISR). Both responses initiate downstream signaling to transcription factors that, in turn, trigger adaptive programs and/or in the case of prolonged stress, cell death mechanisms. Recently, noncoding RNAs, including microRNA and long noncoding RNA, have emerged as key players in the stress responses. These noncoding RNAs act as both regulators and effectors of the UPR and fine-tune the output of the stress signaling pathways. Although much is known about the UPR and the cross talk that exists between pathways, the contribution of small noncoding RNA has not been fully assessed. Herein we bring together and review the current known functions of noncoding RNA in regulating adaptive pathways in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, illustrating how they operate within the known UPR functions and contribute to diverse cellular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari McMahon
- INSERM U1242 “Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signalling,” Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; and
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242 “Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signalling,” Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France; and
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Doultsinos D, Avril T, Lhomond S, Dejeans N, Guédat P, Chevet E. Control of the Unfolded Protein Response in Health and Disease. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:787-800. [PMID: 28453376 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217701685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an integrated, adaptive biochemical process that is inextricably linked with cell homeostasis and paramount to maintenance of normal physiological function. Prolonged accumulation of improperly folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to stress. This is the driving stimulus behind the UPR. As such, prolonged ER stress can push the UPR past beneficial functions such as reduced protein production and increased folding and clearance to apoptotic signaling. The UPR is thus contributory to the commencement, maintenance, and exacerbation of a multitude of disease states, making it an attractive global target to tackle conditions sorely in need of novel therapeutic intervention. The accumulation of information of screening tools, readily available therapies, and potential pathways to drug development is the cornerstone of informed clinical research and clinical trial design. Here, we review the UPR's involvement in health and disease and, beyond providing an in-depth description of the molecules found to target the three UPR arms, we compile all the tools available to screen for and develop novel therapeutic agents that modulate the UPR with the scope of future disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Doultsinos
- 1 Inserm U1242, Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,2 Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- 1 Inserm U1242, Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,2 Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Chevet
- 1 Inserm U1242, Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,2 Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.,3 BMYscreen, Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
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Sato H, Shiba Y, Tsuchiya Y, Saito M, Kohno K. 4μ8C Inhibits Insulin Secretion Independent of IRE1α RNase Activity. Cell Struct Funct 2017; 42:61-70. [PMID: 28321016 DOI: 10.1247/csf.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IRE1α plays an important role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. 4μ8C, a well-known inhibitor of IRE1α RNase activity, is commonly used to analyze IRE1α function during ER stress in cultured mammalian cells. However, the off-target effects of 4μ8C remain elusive. Pancreatic β-cells synthesize a large amount of insulin in response to high glucose stimulation, and IRE1α plays an important role in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Here, to analyze the role of IRE1α in pancreatic β-cells, we examined insulin secretion after 4μ8C treatment. Although 4μ8C inhibited insulin secretion within 2 hr, neither insulin synthesis nor maturation was inhibited by 4μ8C under the same conditions. This result prompted us to examine the precise effects of 4μ8C on insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Unexpectedly, with just 5 min of treatment, 4μ8C blocked insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic β-cells as well as in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, insulin secretion was prevented by 4μ8C, even in pancreatic β-cells lacking the IRE1α RNase domain, suggesting that 4μ8C blocked the late stage of the insulin secretory process, independent of the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway. Our results indicate that 4μ8C has an off-target effect on insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. These findings inform the researchers in the field that the use of 4μ8C requires the special consideration for the future studies.Key words: 4μ8C, XBP1, insulin, IRE1α, pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Yoko Shiba
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University
| | - Yuichi Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Michiko Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Kenji Kohno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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Crèvecoeur I, Gudmundsdottir V, Vig S, Marques Câmara Sodré F, D'Hertog W, Fierro AC, Van Lommel L, Gysemans C, Marchal K, Waelkens E, Schuit F, Brunak S, Overbergh L, Mathieu C. Early differences in islets from prediabetic NOD mice: combined microarray and proteomic analysis. Diabetologia 2017; 60:475-489. [PMID: 28078386 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes is an endocrine disease where a long preclinical phase, characterised by immune cell infiltration in the islets of Langerhans, precedes elevated blood glucose levels and disease onset. Although several studies have investigated the role of the immune system in this process of insulitis, the importance of the beta cells themselves in the initiation of type 1 diabetes is less well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate intrinsic differences present in the islets from diabetes-prone NOD mice before the onset of insulitis. METHODS The islet transcriptome and proteome of 2-3-week-old mice was investigated by microarray and 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), respectively. Subsequent analyses using sophisticated pathway analysis and ranking of differentially expressed genes and proteins based on their relevance in type 1 diabetes were performed. RESULTS In the preinsulitic period, alterations in general pathways related to metabolism and cell communication were already present. Additionally, our analyses pointed to an important role for post-translational modifications (PTMs), especially citrullination by PAD2 and protein misfolding due to low expression levels of protein disulphide isomerases (PDIA3, 4 and 6), as causative mechanisms that induce beta cell stress and potential auto-antigen generation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that the pancreatic islets, irrespective of immune differences, may contribute to the initiation of the autoimmune process. DATA AVAILABILITY All microarray data are available in the ArrayExpress database ( www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress ) under accession number E-MTAB-5264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inne Crèvecoeur
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saurabh Vig
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wannes D'Hertog
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Carolina Fierro
- Department of Information Technology, IMinds, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leentje Van Lommel
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Information Technology, IMinds, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- SyBioMa, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Søren Brunak
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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