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Brossier C, Jardou M, Janaszkiewicz A, Firoud D, Petit I, Arnion H, Pinault E, Sauvage FL, Druilhe A, Picard N, Di Meo F, Marquet P, Lawson R. Gut microbiota biotransformation of drug glucuronides leading to gastrointestinal toxicity: Therapeutic potential of bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibition in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy. Life Sci 2024; 351:122792. [PMID: 38857657 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Drug-induced enteropathy is often associated with the therapeutic use of certain glucuronidated drugs. One such drug is mycophenolic acid (MPA), a well-established immunosuppressant of which gastrointestinal adverse effects are a major concern. The role of bacterial β-glucuronidase (β-G) from the gut microbiota in MPA-induced enteropathy has recently been discovered. Bacterial β-G hydrolyzes MPAG, the glucuronide metabolite of MPA excreted in the bile, leading to the digestive accumulation of MPA that would favor in turn these adverse events. We therefore hypothesized that taming bacterial β-G activity might reduce MPA digestive exposure and prevent its toxicity. MAIN METHODS By using a multiscale approach, we evaluated the effect of increasing concentrations of MPA on intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 cell line) viability, proliferation, and migration. Then, we investigated the inhibitory properties of amoxapine, a previously described bacterial β-G inhibitor, by using molecular dynamics simulations, and evaluated its efficiency in blocking MPAG hydrolysis in an Escherichia coli-based β-G activity assay. The pharmacological effect of amoxapine was evaluated in a mouse model. KEY FINDINGS We observed that MPA impairs intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis. Amoxapine efficiently blocks the hydrolysis of MPAG to MPA and significantly reduces digestive exposure to MPA in mice. As a result, administration of amoxapine in MPA-treated mice significantly attenuated gastrointestinal lesions. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these results suggest that the digestive accumulation of MPA is involved in the pathophysiology of MPA-gastrointestinal adverse effects. This study provides a proof-of-concept of the therapeutic potential of bacterial β-G inhibitors in glucuronidated drug-induced enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Brossier
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Manon Jardou
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Angelika Janaszkiewicz
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Djouher Firoud
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Isy Petit
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Hélène Arnion
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Pinault
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - François-Ludovic Sauvage
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Anne Druilhe
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Picard
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Florent Di Meo
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance, CHU Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Roland Lawson
- Pharmacology & Transplantation (P&T), INSERM U1248, Université de Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France.
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Ramos-León J, Valencia C, Gutiérrez-Mariscal M, Rivera-Miranda DA, García-Meléndrez C, Covarrubias L. The loss of antioxidant activities impairs intestinal epithelium homeostasis by altering lipid metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:113965. [PMID: 38378126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygens species (ROS) are common byproducts of metabolic reactions and could be at the origin of many diseases of the elderly. Here we investigated the role of ROS in the renewal of the intestinal epithelium in mice lacking catalase (CAT) and/or nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) activities. Cat-/- mice have delayed intestinal epithelium renewal and were prone to develop necrotizing enterocolitis upon starvation. Interestingly, crypts lacking CAT showed fewer intestinal stem cells (ISC) and lower stem cell activity than wild-type. In contrast, crypts lacking NNT showed a similar number of ISCs as wild-type but increased stem cell activity, which was also impaired by the loss of CAT. No alteration in the number of Paneth cells (PCs) was observed in crypts of either Cat-/- or Nnt-/- mice, but they showed an evident decline in the amount of lysozyme. Cat deficiency caused fat accumulation in crypts, and a fall in the remarkable high amount of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in PCs. Notably, the low levels of ATGL in the intestine of Cat -/- mice increased after a treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Supporting a role of ATGL in the regulation of ISC activity, its inhibition halt intestinal organoid development. These data suggest that the reduction in the renewal capacity of intestine originates from fatty acid metabolic alterations caused by peroxisomal ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-León
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Mariana Gutiérrez-Mariscal
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - David-Alejandro Rivera-Miranda
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Celina García-Meléndrez
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Luis Covarrubias
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
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3
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Sesink A, Becerra M, Ruan JL, Leboucher S, Dubail M, Heinrich S, Jdey W, Petersson K, Fouillade C, Berthault N, Dutreix M, Girard PM. The AsiDNA™ decoy mimicking DSBs protects the normal tissue from radiation toxicity through a DNA-PK/p53/p21-dependent G1/S arrest. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae011. [PMID: 38476631 PMCID: PMC10928987 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
AsiDNA™, a cholesterol-coupled oligonucleotide mimicking double-stranded DNA breaks, was developed to sensitize tumour cells to radio- and chemotherapy. This drug acts as a decoy hijacking the DNA damage response. Previous studies have demonstrated that standalone AsiDNA™ administration is well tolerated with no additional adverse effects when combined with chemo- and/or radiotherapy. The lack of normal tissue complication encouraged further examination into the role of AsiDNA™ in normal cells. This research demonstrates the radioprotective properties of AsiDNA™. In vitro, AsiDNA™ induces a DNA-PK/p53/p21-dependent G1/S arrest in normal epithelial cells and fibroblasts that is absent in p53 deficient and proficient tumour cells. This cell cycle arrest improved survival after irradiation only in p53 proficient normal cells. Combined administration of AsiDNA™ with conventional radiotherapy in mouse models of late and early radiation toxicity resulted in decreased onset of lung fibrosis and increased intestinal crypt survival. Similar results were observed following FLASH radiotherapy in standalone or combined with AsiDNA™. Mechanisms comparable to those identified in vitro were detected both in vivo, in the intestine and ex vivo, in precision cut lung slices. Collectively, the results suggest that AsiDNA™ can partially protect healthy tissues from radiation toxicity by triggering a G1/S arrest in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Sesink
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Margaux Becerra
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jia-Ling Ruan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Histology platform, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Dubail
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Heinrich
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Wael Jdey
- Valerio Therapeutics, 49 Bd du Général Martial Valin, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Radiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charles Fouillade
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Berthault
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Dutreix
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Girard
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France
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4
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Hinnant T, Ning W, Lechler T. Compartment specific responses to contractility in the small intestinal epithelium. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1010899. [PMID: 38517900 PMCID: PMC10990186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissues are subject to multiple mechanical inputs at the cellular level that influence their overall shape and function. In the small intestine, actomyosin contractility can be induced by many physiological and pathological inputs. However, we have little understanding of how contractility impacts the intestinal epithelium on a cellular and tissue level. In this study, we probed the cell and tissue-level effects of contractility by using mouse models to genetically increase the level of myosin activity in the two distinct morphologic compartments of the intestinal epithelium, the crypts and villi. We found that increased contractility in the villar compartment caused shape changes in the cells that expressed the transgene and their immediate neighbors. While there were no discernable effects on villar architecture or cell polarity, even low levels of transgene induction in the villi caused non-cell autonomous hyperproliferation of the transit amplifying cells in the crypt, driving increased cell flux through the crypt-villar axis. In contrast, induction of increased contractility in the proliferating cells of the crypts resulted in nuclear deformations, DNA damage, and apoptosis. This study reveals the complex and diverse responses of different intestinal epithelial cells to contractility and provides important insight into mechanical regulation of intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hinnant
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
| | - Wenxiu Ning
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases. Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina United States of America
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5
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Gall L, Duckworth C, Jardi F, Lammens L, Parker A, Bianco A, Kimko H, Pritchard DM, Pin C. Homeostasis, injury, and recovery dynamics at multiple scales in a self-organizing mouse intestinal crypt. eLife 2023; 12:e85478. [PMID: 38063302 PMCID: PMC10789491 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the functional integrity of the intestinal epithelium requires a tight coordination between cell production, migration, and shedding along the crypt-villus axis. Dysregulation of these processes may result in loss of the intestinal barrier and disease. With the aim of generating a more complete and integrated understanding of how the epithelium maintains homeostasis and recovers after injury, we have built a multi-scale agent-based model (ABM) of the mouse intestinal epithelium. We demonstrate that stable, self-organizing behaviour in the crypt emerges from the dynamic interaction of multiple signalling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, BMP, ZNRF3/RNF43, and YAP-Hippo pathways, which regulate proliferation and differentiation, respond to environmental mechanical cues, form feedback mechanisms, and modulate the dynamics of the cell cycle protein network. The model recapitulates the crypt phenotype reported after persistent stem cell ablation and after the inhibition of the CDK1 cycle protein. Moreover, we simulated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced toxicity at multiple scales starting from DNA and RNA damage, which disrupts the cell cycle, cell signalling, proliferation, differentiation, and migration and leads to loss of barrier integrity. During recovery, our in silico crypt regenerates its structure in a self-organizing, dynamic fashion driven by dedifferentiation and enhanced by negative feedback loops. Thus, the model enables the simulation of xenobiotic-, in particular chemotherapy-, induced mechanisms of intestinal toxicity and epithelial recovery. Overall, we present a systems model able to simulate the disruption of molecular events and its impact across multiple levels of epithelial organization and demonstrate its application to epithelial research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gall
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Carrie Duckworth
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Ferran Jardi
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, JanssenBeerseBelgium
| | - Lieve Lammens
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, JanssenBeerseBelgium
| | - Aimee Parker
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram InstituteNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Ambra Bianco
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - David Mark Pritchard
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Carmen Pin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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6
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Cui Y, Huang P, Duan H, Song S, Gan L, Liu Z, Lin Q, Wang J, Qi G, Guan J. Role of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum in alleviating intestinal inflammatory damage through promoting epithelial proliferation and differentiation in layer chicks. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1287899. [PMID: 38053557 PMCID: PMC10694250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alleviating effects of Lactobacillus plantarum in microencapsulation (LPM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury were investigated in layer chicks. A total of 252 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks were randomly divided into six groups. Birds were injected with saline or LPS except for the control, and the diets of birds subjected to LPS were supplemented with nothing, L. plantarum, LPM, and wall material of LPM, respectively. The viable counts of LPM reached 109 CFU/g, and the supplemental levels of L. plantarum, LPM, and WM were 0.02 g (109 CFU), 1.0 g, and 0.98 g, per kilogram feed, respectively. LPS administration caused intestinal damage in layer chicks, evidenced by increased proinflammatory factors accompanied by poor intestinal development and morphology (p < 0.05). LPM/LPS significantly increased body weight, small intestine weight and length, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, and mRNA relative expression of tight junction protein genes (p < 0.05) and performed better than free L. plantarum. These findings could be attributed to the significant increase in viable counts of L. plantarum in the small intestine (p < 0.05), as well as the enhanced levels of Actinobacteriota, Lactobacillaceae, and Lactobacillus in intestinal microbiota (p < 0.05). Such results could further significantly increase goblet and PCNA+ cell percentage (p < 0.05); the mRNA relative expressions of epithelial cell, fast-cycling stem cell, quiescent stem cell, endocrine cell, and Paneth cell; and goblet and proliferative cell marker genes, including E-cadherin, Lgr-5, Bmi-1, ChA, Lysozome, Mucin-2, and PCNA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA relative expressions of key genes involved in epithelial cell proliferation, namely, c-Myc, Cyclin-1, Wnt-3, Lrp-5, and Olfm-4, exhibited significant upregulation compared with the LPS treatment, as well as the differentiating genes Notch-1 and Hes-1 (p < 0.05). To sum up, microencapsulated L. plantarum supplementation could alleviate intestinal injury in layer chicks induced by LPS by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, which could be attributed to the increase in viable count of L. plantarum in the gut and optimization in intestinal microbial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Cui
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haitao Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shijia Song
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Gan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiaohan Lin
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gunghai Qi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Guan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Bahar Halpern K, Korem Kohanim Y, Biram A, Harnik Y, Egozi A, Yakubovsky O, Shulman Z, Itzkovitz S. The cellular states and fates of shed intestinal cells. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1858-1869. [PMID: 37857731 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is replaced every few days1. Enterocytes are shed into the gut lumen predominantly from the tips of villi2,3 and have been believed to rapidly die upon their dissociation from the tissue4,5. However, technical limitations prohibited studying the cellular states and fates of shed intestinal cells. Here we show that shed epithelial cells remain viable and upregulate distinct anti-microbial programmes upon shedding, using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of male mouse intestinal faecal washes. We further identify abundant shedding of immune cells, which is elevated in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. We find that faecal host transcriptomics reflect changes in the intestinal tissue following perturbations. Our study suggests potential functions of shed cells in the intestinal lumen and demonstrates that host cell transcriptomes in intestinal washes can be used to probe tissue states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yael Korem Kohanim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adi Biram
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yotam Harnik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oran Yakubovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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8
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Xu J, Jia Z, Xiao S, Long C, Wang L. Effects of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge on Jejunal Morphology and Microbial Community Profiles in Weaned Crossbred Piglets. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2646. [PMID: 38004658 PMCID: PMC10672776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea in weaning piglets, which are vulnerable to changes in environment and feed. This study aimed to determine the effects of the ETEC challenge on piglet growth performance, diarrhea rate, jejunal microbial profile, jejunal morphology and goblet cell distribution. A total of 13 piglets from one litter were selected on postnatal day 21 and assigned to treatments with or without ETEC challenge at 1 × 108 CFUs, as ETEC group or control group, respectively. On postnatal day 28, samples were collected, followed by the detection of serum biochemical indexes and inflammatory indicators, HE staining, PAS staining and 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed that the growth performance decreased, while the diarrhea rate increased for the ETEC group. The jejunum is the main segment of the injured intestine during the ETEC challenge. Compared with the control, the ETEC group displayed fewer goblet cells in the jejunum, where goblet cells are more distributed at the crypt and less distributed at the villus. In addition, ETEC piglets possessed higher abundances of the genus Desulfovibrio, genus Oxalobacter and genus Peptococus and lower abundances of the genus Prevotella 2, genus Flavonifractor and genus Blautra. In terms of alpha diversity, Chao 1 and observed features indexes were both increased for the ETEC group. Our study provides insights into jejunal histopathological impairment and microbial variation in response to ETEC infection for weaned piglets and is a valuable reference for researchers engaged in animal health research to select stress models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
| | - Shu Xiao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
| | - Cimin Long
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Leli Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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9
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Reyes EA, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Rispal J, Wald T, Zwick RK, Palikuqi B, Mujukian A, Rabizadeh S, Gupta AR, Gardner JM, Boffelli D, Gartner ZJ, Klein OD. Epithelial TNF controls cell differentiation and CFTR activity to maintain intestinal mucin homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163591. [PMID: 37643009 PMCID: PMC10575728 DOI: 10.1172/jci163591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract relies on the production, maturation, and transit of mucin to protect against pathogens and to lubricate the epithelial lining. Although the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate mucin production and movement are beginning to be understood, the upstream epithelial signals that contribute to mucin regulation remain unclear. Here, we report that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), generated by the epithelium, contributes to mucin homeostasis by regulating both cell differentiation and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity. We used genetic mouse models and noninflamed samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing anti-TNF therapy to assess the effect of in vivo perturbation of TNF. We found that inhibition of epithelial TNF promotes the differentiation of secretory progenitor cells into mucus-producing goblet cells. Furthermore, TNF treatment and CFTR inhibition in intestinal organoids demonstrated that TNF promotes ion transport and luminal flow via CFTR. The absence of TNF led to slower gut transit times, which we propose results from increased mucus accumulation coupled with decreased luminal fluid pumping. These findings point to a TNF/CFTR signaling axis in the adult intestine and identify epithelial cell-derived TNF as an upstream regulator of mucin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efren A. Reyes
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TETRAD Program, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jérémie Rispal
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Tomas Wald
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Rachel K. Zwick
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Angela Mujukian
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shervin Rabizadeh
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - James M. Gardner
- Department of Surgery, and
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- The Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zev J. Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TETRAD Program, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Gall L, Jardi F, Lammens L, Piñero J, Souza TM, Rodrigues D, Jennen DGJ, de Kok TM, Coyle L, Chung S, Ferreira S, Jo H, Beattie KA, Kelly C, Duckworth CA, Pritchard DM, Pin C. A dynamic model of the intestinal epithelium integrates multiple sources of preclinical data and enables clinical translation of drug-induced toxicity. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1511-1528. [PMID: 37621010 PMCID: PMC10583244 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have built a quantitative systems toxicology modeling framework focused on the early prediction of oncotherapeutic-induced clinical intestinal adverse effects. The model describes stem and progenitor cell dynamics in the small intestinal epithelium and integrates heterogeneous epithelial-related processes, such as transcriptional profiles, citrulline kinetics, and probability of diarrhea. We fitted a mouse-specific version of the model to quantify doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced toxicity, which included pharmacokinetics and 5-FU metabolism and assumed that both drugs led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in stem cells and proliferative progenitors. The model successfully recapitulated observations in mice regarding dose-dependent disruption of proliferation which could lead to villus shortening, decrease of circulating citrulline, increased diarrhea risk, and transcriptional induction of the p53 pathway. Using a human-specific epithelial model, we translated the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin and 5-FU quantified in mice into human intestinal injury and predicted with accuracy clinical diarrhea incidence. However, for gefitinib, a specific-molecularly targeted therapy, the mice failed to reproduce epithelial toxicity at exposures much higher than those associated with clinical diarrhea. This indicates that, regardless of the translational modeling approach, preclinical experimental settings have to be suitable to quantify drug-induced clinical toxicity with precision at the structural scale of the model. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of translational models at early stages of the drug development pipeline to predict clinical toxicity and highlights the importance of understanding cross-settings differences in toxicity when building these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gall
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
| | - Ferran Jardi
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational SafetyJanssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerseBelgium
| | - Lieve Lammens
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational SafetyJanssen Pharmaceutica NVBeerseBelgium
| | - Janet Piñero
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)UPFBarcelonaSpain
| | - Terezinha M. Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Danyel G. J. Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Luke Coyle
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbHRidgefieldConnecticutUSA
| | | | | | - Heeseung Jo
- Simcyp DivisionCertara UK LimitedSheffieldUK
| | - Kylie A. Beattie
- Target and Systems Safety, Non‐Clinical Safety, In Vivo/In Vitro TranslationGSKStevenageUK
| | - Colette Kelly
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Carrie A. Duckworth
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - D. Mark Pritchard
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Carmen Pin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeUK
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11
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Jia Z, Wang Y, Gao J, Zheng M, Wang P, Zu G. miR-379-5P INHIBITION ENHANCES INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION AND BARRIER FUNCTION RECOVERY AFTER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION BY TARGETING EIF4G2. Shock 2023; 60:594-602. [PMID: 37646610 PMCID: PMC10581434 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gut barrier dysfunction caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with substantial death and morbidity. In this research, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating intestinal I/R injury was investigated. We used miRNA sequencing to analyze clinical ischemic and normal intestinal samples. Through bioinformatics analysis based on sequencing results, we found that upregulated miRNAs inhibited epithelial barrier function and cell proliferation, with miR-379-5p being the most significantly upregulated in the ischemic intestine. Further studies confirmed the role of miR-379-5p through experiments in the human ischemic intestine, the mouse I/R injury model in vivo , and cell hypoxia/reoxygenation models in vitro . Inhibiting miR-379-5p increased epithelial cell proliferation and improved barrier function after I/R injury. We also identified eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 (EIF4G2) as a downstream target gene of miR-379-5p through bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification. The findings suggest that inhibiting miR-379-5p could improve intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and barrier function by targeting EIF4G2. The goal of this study was to find a potential target for treating I/R injury in the intestine, as well as to prevent and mitigate the damage caused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiacheng Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingcan Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Puxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guo Zu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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12
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Hinnant T, Ning W, Lechler T. Compartment specific responses to contractility in the small intestinal epithelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552224. [PMID: 37609300 PMCID: PMC10441304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are subject to multiple mechanical inputs at the cellular level that influence their overall shape and function. In the small intestine, actomyosin contractility can be induced by many physiological and pathological inputs. However, we have little understanding of how contractility impacts the intestinal epithelium on a cellular and tissue level. In this study, we probed the cell and tissue-level effects of contractility by using mouse models to genetically increase the level of myosin activity in the two distinct morphologic compartments of the intestinal epithelium, the crypts and villi. We found that increased contractility in the villar compartment caused shape changes in the cells that expressed the transgene and their immediate neighbors. While there were no discernable effects on villar architecture, even low levels of transgene induction in the villi caused non-cell autonomous hyperproliferation of the transit amplifying cells in the crypt, driving increased cell flux through the crypt-villar axis. In contrast, induction of increased contractility in the proliferating cells of the crypts resulted in nuclear deformations, DNA damage, and apoptosis. This study reveals the complex and diverse responses of different intestinal epithelial cells to contractility and provides important insight into mechanical regulation of intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hinnant
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Wenxiu Ning
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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13
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Comparison of the effects of probiotic-based formulations on growth, feed utilization, blood constituents, cecal fermentation, and duodenal morphology of rabbits reared under hot environmental conditions. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effects of three probiotic-supplemented diets on growth, cecal fermentation, blood biochemical, and intestinal morphological features in growing rabbits reared under summer conditions. Rabbits were allotted into four groups: G1 rabbits were fed the basal diet (control), G2 rabbits received Enterococcus faecium (EF) and Clostridium butyricum (CB) complexes (1 × 108 and 2.5 × 106 cfu/kg diet, respectively), G3 rabbits were given CB (2.5 × 106 cfu/kg diet) and yeast complexes (1 g/kg diet), and G4 rabbits received EF (2 × 108 cfu/kg diet) and yeast (1 g/kg diet). G2 rabbits exhibited the highest performances in terms of enhanced body weight and weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Serum total protein, globulin, immunoglobulin M, and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were higher in probiotic-fed rabbits than those in controls. Additionally, lipid profile parameters were significantly reduced in the probiotic-fed rabbits, with the lowest concentrations measured in G4 rabbits (P<0.05). Rabbits given EF and CB had the highest total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and propionic acid levels and the lowest ammonia concentrations. Increased villi length and muscular layer thickness and reduced crypt depth were observed in rabbits receiving EF and CB compared with the values obtained in controls (P<0.05). In summary, supplementing fattening rabbit diets with EF and CB, as a novel formulation, might be a promising and easy method to enhance growth performance under hot climate conditions by improving the feed utilization, immune response, serum lipid profile, cecal VFA production, and duodenal morphology.
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14
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Elsasser TH, Ma B, Ravel J, Kahl S, Gajer P, Cross A. Short-term feeding of defatted bovine colostrum mitigates inflammation in the gut via changes in metabolites and microbiota in a chicken animal model. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:6. [PMID: 36703224 PMCID: PMC9878500 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nondrug supplement strategies to improve gut health have largely focused on the effects of individual compounds to improve one aspect of gut homeostasis. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the reproducible effects of oral, short-term, low-level colostrum supplementation on gut inflammation status that are specific to the ileum. Herein, a chicken animal model highly responsive to even mild gut inflammatory stimuli was employed to compare the outcomes of feeding a standard diet (CON) to those of CON supplemented with a centrifuge-defatted bovine colostrum (BC) or a nonfat dried milk (NFDM) control on the efficiency of nutrient use, ileal morphology, gut nitro-oxidative inflammation status, metabolites, and the composition of the microbiota. RESULTS A repeated design, iterative multiple regression model was developed to analyze how BC affected ileal digesta-associated anti-inflammatory metabolite abundance coincident with observed changes in the ileal microbiome, mitigation of epithelial inflammation, and ileal surface morphology. An improved whole body nutrient use efficiency in the BC group (v CON and NFDM) coincided with the observed increased ileum absorptive surface and reduced epithelial cell content of tyrosine-nitrated protein (NT, biomarker of nitro-oxidative inflammatory stress). Metabolome analysis revealed that anti-inflammatory metabolites were significantly greater in abundance in BC-fed animals. BC also had a beneficial BC impact on microbiota, particularly in promoting the presence of the bacterial types associated with eubiosis and the segmented filamentous bacteria, Candidatus Arthromitus. CONCLUSION The data suggest that an anti-inflammatory environment in the ileum was more evident in BC than in the other feeding groups and associated with an increased content of statistically definable groups of anti-inflammatory metabolites that appear to functionally link the observed interactions between the host's improved gut health with an observed increase in whole body nutrient use efficiency, beneficial changes in the microbiome and immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted H. Elsasser
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Bing Ma
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Pawel Gajer
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Alan Cross
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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15
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Phaengphairee P, Boontiam W, Wealleans A, Hong J, Kim YY. Dietary supplementation with full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae and multi-probiotics, as a substitute for antibiotics, improves the growth performance, gut health, and antioxidative capacity of weaned pigs. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:7. [PMID: 36631776 PMCID: PMC9832753 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL full-fat meal; alone or in combination with multi-probiotics) was tested as an alternative to dietary antibiotics in weaning piglets. We also tested the effects of these diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility coefficients, immune status, oxidative stress, intestinal histomorphology, and rectal microbial modulations in weaned pigs. A total of 80 piglets [(Landrace × Large White) × Duroc] of both sexes (a ratio of gilts and barrows; 1:1), were randomly allotted to four diet groups: positive control (PC) diet supplemented with 0.02% amoxicillin; negative control (NC) diet without supplement addition; BSFL12 diet (NC + 12% BSFL full-fat meal); and BSFL + Pro diet (BSFL full-fat meal + 0.1% multi-probiotics, including Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). All groups had five replicates, with four piglets per replicate. RESULTS Dietary BSFL + Pro improved the overall average daily gain (P = 0.013), and gain-to-feed ratio (P = 0.032). The BSFL12 and BSFL + Pro diets improved nutrient digestibility and increased the serum levels of immunoglobulin A and glutathione peroxidase, while reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The spleen weight was higher and caecal pH was lower in pigs fed the BSFL + Pro diet than in those fed the NC diet (P = 0.011 and P = 0.021, respectively). Pigs fed the BSFL diets had longer duodenal villi, a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P = 0.004), and shorter crypt depth (P = 0.017) than those fed NC. The BSFL + Pro diet also increased faecal Lactobacillus spp. count (P = 0.008) and reduced Escherichia coli (P = 0.021) counts compared with that seen with PC and NC diets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with BSFL or BSFL + multi-probiotics can improve the growth performance and intestinal health of pigs and may be an effective strategy to replace antibiotics for weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheeraphong Phaengphairee
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Waewaree Boontiam
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Alexandra Wealleans
- Kemin Europa N.V., Animal Nutrition and Health EMENA, Toekomstlaan 42, 2200 Herentals, Belgium
| | - Jinsu Hong
- grid.263791.80000 0001 2167 853XDepartment of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - Yoo Yong Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gangnam-ru, Seoul, 135-754 South Korea
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16
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Zhou X, Chakraborty D, Murray IA, Coslo D, Kehs Z, Vijay A, Ton C, Desai D, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Coordinates Mouse Small Intestinal Epithelial Cell Programming. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100012. [PMID: 37039146 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of mechanical, chemical, microbial, and immunologic pressure, intestinal homeostasis is maintained through balanced cellular turnover, proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Here, we present evidence supporting the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the adaptive reprogramming of small intestinal gene expression, leading to altered proliferation, lineage commitment, and remodeling of the cellular repertoire that comprises the intestinal epithelium to promote intestinal resilience. Ahr gene/protein expression and transcriptional activity exhibit marked proximalHI to distalLO and cryptHI to villiLO gradients. Genetic ablation of Ahr impairs commitment/differentiation of the secretory Paneth and goblet cell lineages and associated mucin production, restricts expression of secretory/enterocyte differentiation markers, and increases crypt-associated proliferation and villi-associated enterocyte luminal exfoliation. Ahr-/- mice display a decrease in intestinal barrier function. Ahr+/+ mice that maintain a diet devoid of AHR ligands intestinally phenocopy Ahr-/- mice. In contrast, Ahr+/+ mice exposed to AHR ligands reverse these phenotypes. Ligand-induced AHR transcriptional activity positively correlates with gene expression (Math1, Klf4, Tff3) associated with differentiation of the goblet cell secretory lineage. Math1 was identified as a direct target gene of AHR, a transcription factor critical to the development of goblet cells. These data suggest that dietary cues, relayed through the transcriptional activity of AHR, can reshape the cellular repertoire of the gastrointestinal tract.
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17
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Latour YL, Allaman MM, Barry DP, Smith TM, Williams KJ, McNamara KM, Jacobse J, Goettel JA, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Zhao S, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Epithelial talin-1 protects mice from citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis by restricting bacterial crypt intrusion and enhancing t cell immunity. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2192623. [PMID: 36951501 PMCID: PMC10038039 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2192623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic enteric Escherichia coli present a significant burden to global health. Food-borne enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) utilize attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions and actin-dense pedestal formation to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Talin-1 is a large structural protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix though direct influence on integrins. Here we show that mice lacking talin-1 in intestinal epithelial cells (Tln1Δepi) have heightened susceptibility to colonic disease caused by the A/E murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Tln1Δepi mice exhibit decreased survival, and increased colonization, colon weight, and histologic colitis compared to littermate Tln1fl/fl controls. These findings were associated with decreased actin polymerization and increased infiltration of innate myeloperoxidase-expressing immune cells, confirmed as neutrophils by flow cytometry, but more bacterial dissemination deep into colonic crypts. Further evaluation of the immune population recruited to the mucosa in response to C. rodentium revealed that loss of Tln1 in colonic epithelial cells (CECs) results in impaired recruitment and activation of T cells. C. rodentium infection-induced colonic mucosal hyperplasia was exacerbated in Tln1Δepi mice compared to littermate controls. We demonstrate that this is associated with decreased CEC apoptosis and crowding of proliferating cells in the base of the glands. Taken together, talin-1 expression by CECs is important in the regulation of both epithelial renewal and the inflammatory T cell response in the setting of colitis caused by C. rodentium, suggesting that this protein functions in CECs to limit, rather than contribute to the pathogenesis of this enteric infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L. Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret M. Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus M. Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamery J. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kara M. McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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18
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Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Morphometric Characteristics, and Gene Expression in Relation to the Growth Performance of Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243474. [PMID: 36552394 PMCID: PMC9774407 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
this study aimed to investigate the growth mechanism in a local breed of chickens by comparing the highest weight (HW) and the lowest weight in their microbiota, histological characteristics, and gene expression. Golden Montazah chickens, an Egyptian breed, were reared until they were 49 days old. All of the birds were fed ad libitum by a starter diet from day 1 until day 21, followed by a grower diet from day 21 to the end of the study. At 49 days old, the forty-eight birds with the heaviest body weight (HW) and the lightest body weight (LW) were chosen. Blood biochemical and histological morphometric parameters, electron microscopy, and intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression were studied in the sampled jejunum. The microbial composition and functions of the content and mucosa in HW and LW chickens were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The histological morphometric parameters were all more significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the HW chickens than in the LW chickens. Total protein, albumin, and triglycerides in serum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the HW chickens than in the LW chickens. The microbiome profile in the gut showed that Microbacterium and Sphingomonas were positively correlated with the body weights. In the local breed, there were significant differences in the intestinal microstructure which could enhance the growth mechanism and body weight. Our findings showed that some microbial components were significantly associated with body weight and their interactions with the host could be inferred to explain why these interactions might alter the host’s metabolic responses. Further investigation into combining bioinformatics with lab experiments in chickens will help us to understand how gut bacteria can change the host’s metabolism by special metabolic features in the gastrointestinal system.
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19
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Corominas-Murtra B, Hannezo E. Modelling the dynamics of mammalian gut homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022:S1084-9521(22)00317-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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20
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Zheng H, Zhang C, Wang Q, Feng S, Fang Y, Zhang S. The impact of aging on intestinal mucosal immune function and clinical applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029948. [PMID: 36524122 PMCID: PMC9745321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and immune molecules in the intestinal mucosa participate in innate and adaptive immunity to maintain local and systematic homeostasis. With aging, intestinal mucosal immune dysfunction will promote the emergence of age-associated diseases. Although there have been a number of studies on the impact of aging on systemic immunity, relatively fewer studies have been conducted on the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal immune system. In this review, we will briefly introduce the impact of aging on the intestinal mucosal barrier, the impact of aging on intestinal immune cells as well as immune molecules, and the process of interaction between intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota during aging. After that we will discuss potential strategies to slow down intestinal aging in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shuo Zhang,
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21
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Quezada-Lázaro R, Vázquez-Cobix Y, Fonseca-Liñán R, Nava P, Hernández-Cueto DD, Cedillo-Peláez C, López-Vidal Y, Huerta-Yepez S, Ortega-Pierres MG. The Cysteine Protease Giardipain-1 from Giardia duodenalis Contributes to a Disruption of Intestinal Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13649. [PMID: 36362435 PMCID: PMC9655832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In giardiasis, diarrhoea, dehydration, malabsorption, weight loss and/or chronic inflammation are indicative of epithelial barrier dysfunction. However, the pathogenesis of giardiasis is still enigmatic in many aspects. Here, we show evidence that a cysteine protease of Giardia duodenalis called giardipain-1, contributes to the pathogenesis of giardiasis induced by trophozoites of the WB strain. In an experimental system, we demonstrate that purified giardipain-1 induces apoptosis and extrusion of epithelial cells at the tips of the villi in infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). Moreover, jird infection with trophozoites expressing giardipain-1 resulted in intestinal epithelial damage, cellular infiltration, crypt hyperplasia, goblet cell hypertrophy and oedema. Pathological alterations were more pronounced when jirds were infected intragastrically with Giardia trophozoites that stably overexpress giardipain-1. Furthermore, Giardia colonization in jirds results in a chronic inflammation that could relate to the dysbiosis triggered by the protist. Taken together, these results reveal that giardipain-1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Quezada-Lázaro
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 07360, Mexico
| | - Yessica Vázquez-Cobix
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rocío Fonseca-Liñán
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 07360, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Daniel Dimitri Hernández-Cueto
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cedillo-Peláez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Yolanda López-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 07360, Mexico
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22
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Choo J, Glisovic N, Matic Vignjevic D. Gut homeostasis at a glance. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:281168. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The intestine, a rapidly self-renewing organ, is part of the gastrointestinal system. Its major roles are to absorb food-derived nutrients and water, process waste and act as a barrier against potentially harmful substances. Here, we will give a brief overview of the primary functions of the intestine, its structure and the luminal gradients along its length. We will discuss the dynamics of the intestinal epithelium, its turnover, and the maintenance of homeostasis. Finally, we will focus on the characteristics and functions of intestinal mesenchymal and immune cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we aim to present the most recent information about gut cell biology and physiology, providing a resource for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Neda Glisovic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144 , F-75005 Paris , France
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23
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Felsenthal N, Vignjevic DM. Stand by me: Fibroblasts regulation of the intestinal epithelium during development and homeostasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 78:102116. [PMID: 35914344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The epithelium of the small intestine is composed of a single layer of cells that line two functionally distinct compartments, the villi that project into the lumen of the gut and the crypts that descend into the underlying connective tissue. Stem cells are located in crypts, where they divide and give rise to transit-amplifying cells that differentiate into secretory and absorptive epithelial cells. Most differentiated cells travel upwards from the crypt towards the villus tip, where they shed into the lumen. While some of these cell behaviors are an intrinsic property of the epithelium, it is becoming evident that tight coordination between the epithelium and the underlying fibroblasts plays a critical role in tissue morphogenesis, stem-cell niche maintenance and regionalized gene expression along the crypt-villus axis. Here, we will review the current literature describing the interaction between epithelium and fibroblasts during crypt-villus axis development and intestinal epithelium renewal during homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Felsenthal
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.
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24
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Mechanical forces directing intestinal form and function. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R791-R805. [PMID: 35882203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate intestine experiences a range of intrinsically generated and external forces during both development and adult homeostasis. It is increasingly understood how the coordination of these forces shapes the intestine through organ-scale folding and epithelial organization into crypt-villus compartments. Moreover, accumulating evidence shows that several cell types in the adult intestine can sense and respond to forces to regulate key cellular processes underlying adult intestinal functions and self-renewal. In this way, transduction of forces may direct both intestinal homeostasis as well as adaptation to external stimuli, such as food ingestion or injury. In this review, we will discuss recent insights from complementary model systems into the force-dependent mechanisms that establish and maintain the unique architecture of the intestine, as well as its homeostatic regulation and function throughout adult life.
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25
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Ngo PA, Neurath MF, López-Posadas R. Impact of Epithelial Cell Shedding on Intestinal Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084160. [PMID: 35456978 PMCID: PMC9027054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier acts as a first line of defense in the body, and plays a vital role in nutrition and immunoregulation. A layer of epithelial cells bound together via intercellular junction proteins maintains intestinal barrier integrity. Based on a tight equilibrium between cell extrusion and cell restitution, the renewal of the epithelium (epithelial turnover) permits the preservation of cell numbers. As the last step within the epithelial turnover, cell shedding occurs due to the pressure of cell division and migration from the base of the crypt. During this process, redistribution of tight junction proteins enables the sealing of the epithelial gap left by the extruded cell, and thereby maintains barrier function. Disturbance in cell shedding can create transient gaps (leaky gut) or cell accumulation in the epithelial layer. In fact, numerous studies have described the association between dysregulated cell shedding and infection, inflammation, and cancer; thus epithelial cell extrusion is considered a key defense mechanism. In the gastrointestinal tract, altered cell shedding has been observed in mouse models of intestinal inflammation and appears as a potential cause of barrier loss in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the relevance of this process, there are many unanswered questions regarding cell shedding. The investigation of those mechanisms controlling cell extrusion in the gut will definitely contribute to our understanding of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about intestinal cell shedding under both physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong A. Ngo
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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26
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Boontiam W, Hong J, Kitipongpysan S, Wattanachai S. Full-fat field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) as a substitute for fish meal and soybean meal for weaning piglets: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and redox status. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac080. [PMID: 35289918 PMCID: PMC9047170 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-fat field cricket meal (FCP) is an alternative protein ingredient in livestock production; however, the effects of replacing conventional protein sources with FCP in nursery diets have not been determined. In this study, the effects of the partial replacement of either fish meal or soybean meal with FCP on weaning pigs were evaluated, including the analyses of growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology,
immunity, oxidative stress, and fecal microbial counts. A total of 100 crossbred weaning pigs [(Landrace × Large White) × Duroc] were allotted to one of the following five treatments with five replicates (four pigs/pen) and fed for 28 d postweaning. Treatments were 1) a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet with 5% fish meal (Positive control; PC), 2) a corn-SBM-based diet without fish meal (Negative control; NC), 3) field crickets replacing fishmeal on a total Lys basis (FCP1), 4) field crickets replacing fishmeal on a kg/kg basis (FCP2), and 5) field crickets replacing fish meal and soybean meal (FCP3). The piglets on FCP1 had a higher body weight on days 14 and 28, and an increased average daily gain over the experimental period than NC (P < 0.05); FCP2 and FCP3 were similar to the FCP1 treatment. The incidence of diarrhea was lower under an FCP-supplemented diet than under the NC diet throughout the study (P < 0.05). Pigs fed FCP1 and FCP2 had a higher digestibility of crude
protein (P = 0.041), and all FCP groups increased crude fat digestibility (P = 0.024). FCP1 and FCP2 also increased jejunal villus height
(P = 0.009), whereas the increase in jejunal villus-to-crypt ratios (P = 0.019) was greater in pigs fed the FCP2 diet than those fed the NC diet. Furthermore, FCP2 supplementation increased serum immunoglobulin A levels on days 14 and 28, including reduced serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (P < 0.05). Pigs fed an FCP2 diet had reduced malondialdehyde levels than those fed a PC diet, while pigs fed an FCP2 diet had higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels, and more fecal Lactobacillus spp. than those fed an NC diet (P < 0.05). These results support the use of FCP as an alternative protein ingredient with beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota. In particular, FCP can be used as a partial substitute for fish meal and soybean meal without detrimental effects on weaning pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waewaree Boontiam
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jinsu Hong
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U083SA, USA
| | - Sumetee Kitipongpysan
- Division of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Suchat Wattanachai
- Division of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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27
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Wang G, Li S, Li Y, Zhang M, Xu T, Li T, Cao L, Lu J. Corticosterone induces obesity partly via promoting intestinal cell proliferation and survival. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1052487. [PMID: 36699046 PMCID: PMC9869250 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1052487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A vicious cycle ensues whereby prolonged exposure to social stress causes increased production of glucocorticoids (GCs), leading to obesity even further. Understanding the role of GCs, the key element in the vicious circle, might be helpful to break the vicious circle. However, the mechanism by which GCs induce obesity remains elusive. METHODS Corticosterone (CORT) was administered to mice for 8 weeks. Food and water intake were recorded; obesity was analyzed by body-weight evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); intestinal proliferation and survival were evaluated by H&E staining, EdU-progression test, TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence staining of Ki67 and CC3; RNA-seq was performed to analyze transcriptional alterations in small intestines and livers. RESULTS Chronic CORT treatment induced obesity, longer small intestines, hepatic steatosis and elevated levels of serum insulin and leptin in mice; CORT-treated mice showed increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis of small intestines; RNA-seq results indicate that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in several cell growth/death-associated signaling pathways. DISCUSSION Herein we find that administration of CORT to mice promotes the proliferation and survival of intestinal cells, which might contribute to the longer small intestines and the elongated intestinal villi, thus leading to increased nutrient absorption and obesity in mice. Understanding CORT-induced alterations in intestines and associated signaling pathways might provide novel therapeutic clues for GCs or stress-associated obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhao Wang
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanqing Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihui Zhang
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lining Cao
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Lu, ; ; Lining Cao,
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Biomedical research center, Suzhou Institute of Tongji University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Lu, ; ; Lining Cao,
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28
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Characterisation of autophagy disruption in the ileum of pigs infected with Lawsonia intracellularis. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:585-592. [PMID: 34669106 PMCID: PMC9165227 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is the aetiological agent of proliferative enteropathy, an enteric disease endemic in swine. Survival in its intracellular niche of the ileum epithelial lining requires the capacity to subvert, repress or exploit the host immune response to create an environment conducive to bacterial propagation. To better understand how L. intracellularis survives in its intracellular niche, we have performed an investigation into the dynamic relationship between infection and the host autophagy response by immunohistochemistry in experimentally infected porcine ileum samples. Beclin1, a protein required early in the autophagy pathway was observed to be distributed with a basal to apical concentration gradient in the crypts of healthy piglets, whilst infected piglets were observed to have no gradient of distribution and an increase in the presence of Beclin1 in crypts with histological characteristics of L. intracellularis residence. Detecting microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is used as a method for monitoring autophagy progression as it associates with mature autophagosomes. For LC3 there was no notable change in signal intensity between crypts with characteristic L. intracellularis infection and healthy crypts of uninfected pigs. Finally, as p62 is degraded with the internal substrate of an autophagosome it was used to measure autophagic flux. There was no observed reduction or redistribution of p62. These preliminary results of the autophagy response in the ileum suggest that L. intracellularis affects autophagy. This disruption to host ileum homeostasis may provide a mechanism that assists in bacterial propagation and contributes to pathogenesis.
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29
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Jay P. [Hybrid propulsion for the intestinal epithelium conveyor belt]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:701-703. [PMID: 34491174 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jay
- Institut de génomique fonctionnelle (IGF), université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Équipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34093 Montpellier, France
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30
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Crude protein and lactose effects on performance, intestinal and immune function of piglets fed diets without antimicrobials growth promoters. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Mechanical compartmentalization of the intestinal organoid enables crypt folding and collective cell migration. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:745-757. [PMID: 34155382 PMCID: PMC7611697 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids capture essential features of the intestinal epithelium such as crypt folding, cellular compartmentalization and collective movements. Each of these processes and their coordination require patterned forces that are at present unknown. Here we map three-dimensional cellular forces in mouse intestinal organoids grown on soft hydrogels. We show that these organoids exhibit a non-monotonic stress distribution that defines mechanical and functional compartments. The stem cell compartment pushes the extracellular matrix and folds through apical constriction, whereas the transit amplifying zone pulls the extracellular matrix and elongates through basal constriction. The size of the stem cell compartment depends on the extracellular-matrix stiffness and endogenous cellular forces. Computational modelling reveals that crypt shape and force distribution rely on cell surface tensions following cortical actomyosin density. Finally, cells are pulled out of the crypt along a gradient of increasing tension. Our study unveils how patterned forces enable compartmentalization, folding and collective migration in the intestinal epithelium.
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32
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Gupta VK, Nam S, Yim D, Camuglia J, Martin JL, Sanders EN, O'Brien LE, Martin AC, Kim T, Chaudhuri O. The nature of cell division forces in epithelial monolayers. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212389. [PMID: 34132746 PMCID: PMC8240854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202011106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells undergo striking morphological changes during division to ensure proper segregation of genetic and cytoplasmic materials. These morphological changes occur despite dividing cells being mechanically restricted by neighboring cells, indicating the need for extracellular force generation. Beyond driving cell division itself, forces associated with division have been implicated in tissue-scale processes, including development, tissue growth, migration, and epidermal stratification. While forces generated by mitotic rounding are well understood, forces generated after rounding remain unknown. Here, we identify two distinct stages of division force generation that follow rounding: (1) Protrusive forces along the division axis that drive division elongation, and (2) outward forces that facilitate postdivision spreading. Cytokinetic ring contraction of the dividing cell, but not activity of neighboring cells, generates extracellular forces that propel division elongation and contribute to chromosome segregation. Forces from division elongation are observed in epithelia across many model organisms. Thus, division elongation forces represent a universal mechanism that powers cell division in confining epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sungmin Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA
| | - Donghyun Yim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jaclyn Camuglia
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Judy Lisette Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Erin Nicole Sanders
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lucy Erin O'Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Adam C Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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33
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Pin C, Collins T, Gibbs M, Kimko H. Systems Modeling to Quantify Safety Risks in Early Drug Development: Using Bifurcation Analysis and Agent-Based Modeling as Examples. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:77. [PMID: 34018069 PMCID: PMC8137611 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Systems Toxicology (QST) models, recapitulating pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action together with the organic response at multiple levels of biological organization, can provide predictions on the magnitude of injury and recovery dynamics to support study design and decision-making during drug development. Here, we highlight the application of QST models to predict toxicities of cancer treatments, such as cytopenia(s) and gastrointestinal adverse effects, where narrow therapeutic indexes need to be actively managed. The importance of bifurcation analysis is demonstrated in QST models of hematologic toxicity to understand how different regions of the parameter space generate different behaviors following cancer treatment, which results in asymptotically stable predictions, yet highly irregular for specific schedules, or oscillating predictions of blood cell levels. In addition, an agent-based model of the intestinal crypt was used to simulate how the spatial location of the injury within the crypt affects the villus disruption severity. We discuss the value of QST modeling approaches to support drug development and how they align with technological advances impacting trial design including patient selection, dose/regimen selection, and ultimately patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teresa Collins
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan Gibbs
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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34
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Li X, Wang X, Miao L, Liu Y, Lin X, Guo Y, Yuan R, Tian H. Synthesis and radioprotective effects of novel hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opening derivatives. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5470-5485. [PMID: 33963805 PMCID: PMC8184683 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the potential risk of radiation exposure is increasing, radioprotectors studies are gaining importance. In this study, novel hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opening derivatives were synthesized, and their radioprotective effects were evaluated. Among these, compound 10a displayed the highest radioprotective activity in IEC-6 and HFL-1 cells. Its oral administration increased the survival rates of irradiated mice and alleviated total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic damage by mitigating myelosuppression and improving hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell frequencies. Furthermore, 10a treatment prevented abdominal irradiation (ABI)-induced structural damage to the small intestine. Experiment results demonstrated that 10a increased the number of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, lysozyme+ Paneth cells and Ki67+ transient amplifying cells, and reduced apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium cells in irradiated mice. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the radioprotective activity of 10a is associated to the reduction of oxidative stress and the inhibition of DNA damage. Furthermore, compound 10a downregulated the expressions of p53, Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3, and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, suggesting that it could prevent irradiation-induced intestinal damage through the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that 10a is beneficial for the prevention of radiation damage and has the potential to be a radioprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Renbin Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
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Hu M, Zhang Y, Gu D, Chen X, Waldor MK, Zhou X. Nucleolar c-Myc recruitment by a Vibrio T3SS effector promotes host cell proliferation and bacterial virulence. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105699. [PMID: 33347626 PMCID: PMC7809790 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen type 3 secretion systems (T3SS) manipulate host cell pathways by directly delivering effector proteins into host cells. In Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne diarrheal disease, we showed that a T3SS effector, VgpA, localizes to the host cell nucleolus where it binds Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-binding protein 2 (EBP2). An amino acid substitution in VgpA (VgpAL10A ) did not alter its translocation to the nucleus but abolished the effector's capacity to interact with EBP2. VgpA-EBP2 interaction led to the re-localization of c-Myc to the nucleolus and increased cellular rRNA expression and proliferation of cultured cells. The VgpA-EBP2 interaction elevated EBP2's affinity for c-Myc and prolonged the oncoprotein's half-life. Studies in infant rabbits demonstrated that VgpA is translocated into intestinal epithelial cells, where it interacts with EBP2 and leads to nucleolar re-localization of c-Myc. Moreover, the in vivo VgpA-EBP2 interaction during infection led to proliferation of intestinal cells and heightened V. parahaemolyticus' colonization and virulence. These observations suggest that direct effector stimulation of a c-Myc controlled host cell growth program can contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhi Hu
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldCTUSA
| | - Yibei Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldCTUSA
| | - Dan Gu
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldCTUSA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Division of Infectious DiseasesBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious DiseasesBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ConnecticutMansfieldCTUSA
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Kai Y. Intestinal villus structure contributes to even shedding of epithelial cells. Biophys J 2021; 120:699-710. [PMID: 33453270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the intestinal epithelium, proliferated epithelial cells ascend the crypts and villi and shed at the villus tips into the gut lumen. In this study, we theoretically investigate the roles of the villi on cell turnover. We present a stochastic model that focuses on the duration over which cells migrate the shortest paths between the crypt orifices and the villus tips, where shedding cells are randomly chosen from among those older than the shortest-path cell migration times. By extending the length of the shortest path to delay cell shedding, the finger-like shape of the villus would tightly regulate shedding-cell ages compared with flat surfaces and shorter projections; the villus allows epithelial cells to shed at around the same age, which limits them from shedding early or staying in the epithelium for long periods. Computational simulations of cell dynamics agreed well with the predictions. We also examine various mechanical conditions of cells and confirm that coordinated collective cell migration supports the predictions. These results suggest the important roles of the villi in homeostatic maintenance of the small intestine, and we discuss the applicability of our approach to other tissues with collective cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Juanes MA. Cytoskeletal Control and Wnt Signaling-APC's Dual Contributions in Stem Cell Division and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3811. [PMID: 33348689 PMCID: PMC7766042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium architecture is sustained by stem cell division. In principle, stem cells can divide symmetrically to generate two identical copies of themselves or asymmetrically to sustain tissue renewal in a balanced manner. The choice between the two helps preserve stem cell and progeny pools and is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Control of spindle orientation is a prime contributor to the specification of symmetric versus asymmetric cell division. Competition for space within the niche may be another factor limiting the stem cell pool. An integrative view of the multiple links between intracellular and extracellular signals and molecular determinants at play remains a challenge. One outstanding question is the precise molecular roles of the tumour suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) for sustaining gut homeostasis through its respective functions as a cytoskeletal hub and a down regulator in Wnt signalling. Here, we review our current understanding of APC inherent activities and partners in order to explore novel avenues by which APC may act as a gatekeeper in colorectal cancer and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Angeles Juanes
- School of Health and Life Science, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Lane, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
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Khayati K, Bhatt V, Hu ZS, Fahumy S, Luo X, Guo JY. Autophagy compensates for Lkb1 loss to maintain adult mice homeostasis and survival. eLife 2020; 9:62377. [PMID: 33236987 PMCID: PMC7714393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), also known as serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) is the major energy sensor for cells to respond to metabolic stress. Autophagy degrades and recycles proteins, macromolecules, and organelles for cells to survive starvation. To assess the role and cross-talk between autophagy and Lkb1 in normal tissue homeostasis, we generated genetically engineered mouse models where we can conditionally delete Stk11 and autophagy essential gene, Atg7, respectively or simultaneously, throughout the adult mice. We found that Lkb1 was essential for the survival of adult mice, and autophagy activation could temporarily compensate for the acute loss of Lkb1 and extend mouse life span. We further found that acute deletion of Lkb1 in adult mice led to impaired intestinal barrier function, hypoglycemia, and abnormal serum metabolism, which was partly rescued by the Lkb1 loss-induced autophagy upregulation via inhibiting p53 induction. Taken together, we demonstrated that autophagy and Lkb1 work synergistically to maintain adult mouse homeostasis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoosheh Khayati
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | | | - Sajid Fahumy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Xuefei Luo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, United States.,Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, United States
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Bilotta AJ, Ma C, Yang W, Yu Y, Yu Y, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Yao S, Dann SM, Cong Y. Propionate Enhances Cell Speed and Persistence to Promote Intestinal Epithelial Turnover and Repair. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1023-1044. [PMID: 33238220 PMCID: PMC7898181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play crucial roles in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. However, how SCFAs regulate epithelial turnover and tissue repair remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated how the SCFA propionate regulates cell migration to promote epithelial renewal and repair. METHODS Mouse small intestinal epithelial cells (MSIE) and human Caco-2 cells were used to determine the effects of SCFAs on gene expression, proliferation, migration, and cell spreading in vitro. Video microscopy and single cell tracking were used to assess cell migration kinetically. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and hydroxyurea were used to assess the effects of SCFAs on migration in vivo. Lastly, an acute colitis model using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to examine the effects of SCFAs in vivo. RESULTS Using video microscopy and single cell tracking, we found that propionate promoted intestinal epithelial cell migration by enhancing cell spreading and polarization, which led to increases in both cell speed and persistence. This novel function of propionate was dependent on inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDAC) and GPR43 and required signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Furthermore, using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and hydroxyurea in vivo, we found that propionate enhanced cell migration up the crypt-villus axis under homeostatic conditions, while also protecting against ulcer formation in experimental colitis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which propionate stimulates cell migration in an HDAC inhibition, GPR43, and STAT3 dependent manner, and suggest that propionate plays an important role in epithelial migration independent of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sara M. Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Yingzi Cong, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 4.142C Medical Research Building, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555-1019. fax: (409) 772-5065.
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Hernández-Alcántara AM, Pardo S, Mohedano ML, Vignolo GM, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, LeBlanc JG, Aznar R, López P. The Ability of Riboflavin-Overproducing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains to Survive Under Gastrointestinal Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591945. [PMID: 33193258 PMCID: PMC7649808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is essential for humans and has to be obtained from the diet. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce this vitamin, and they can be used for in-situ fortification of foods. This could be an alternative to supplementation with chemically synthesized vitamin, to palliate riboflavin deficiencies in specific groups of people. Moreover, if the producing LAB could survive in the gastrointestinal stress (GIT) they could be added as probiotics in this environment. In the present study we tested two riboflavin-overproducing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (M5MA1-B2 and M9MG6-B2), spontaneous mutants of LAB isolated from chicha, a traditional Andean beverage. These two LAB, and also their isogenic strains M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12], expressing the mCherry protein from the pRCR12 plasmid, were evaluated in vitro under simulated GIT conditions. Among other, specifically developed protein fluorescence assays were used. The four LAB showed similar levels of adhesion (>6.0%) to Caco-2 cells, higher than that of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG strain (4.51%). Thus, LAB biofilm formation was assessed in the labeled cells by intracellular mCherry fluorescence and in the unlabeled parental strains by crystal violet staining. Both methods detected the formation of consistent biofilms by the L. plantarum strains. The quantification of mCherry fluorescence was also used to analyze LAB auto-aggregation properties. High levels of auto-aggregation were detected for both M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12]. Survival of LAB included in a commercial cereal-based food matrix (Incaparina) under GIT conditions was also evaluated. The four LAB were resistant in vitro to the stomach and intestinal stresses, and proliferated in this environment, indicating a protective and nutritional effect of the Incaparina on the bacteria. Also, M9MG6-B2 survival in the presence or absence of Incaparina was evaluated in vivo in a BALB/c mouse model. The administration of the M9MG6-B2 strain alone or together with Incaparina had no adverse effect on the health, growth and/or well-being of the rodents. In addition, an increment in the villus length/crypt depth ratio was observed. The overall results obtained indicate that the LAB studied have probiotic characteristics of interest for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annel M. Hernández-Alcántara
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Pardo
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Luz Mohedano
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Graciela M. Vignolo
- Reference Center for Lactobacilli (CERELA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc
- Reference Center for Lactobacilli (CERELA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Reference Center for Lactobacilli (CERELA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rosa Aznar
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma López
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Dietary protein and appetite sensations in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2317-2332. [PMID: 32648023 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effects of a high-protein diet on appetite sensations in individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS Two authors independently conducted literature searches, study selection, design of the method, and quality appraisal. The main inclusion criteria were studies involving protocols that present a protein intake greater than 1.2 g/kg/day or 25% of the total daily energy content compared to a normal protein diet, i.e., 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day or 15%-20% of the total energy content. Studies that evaluated test meals or diet within a period of less than 7 days and participants with diabetes, cancer, or other specific conditions were excluded from this review. The literature search was updated until November 2019 using the main databases available. RESULTS Of a total of 4191 records, ten articles met the inclusion criteria and included a total of 1079 subjects. In six studies, participants experienced enhanced fullness or satiety in response to a high-dietary protein intake, of which four studies had an intervention period of 10-12 weeks. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that among individuals with overweight or obesity, higher dietary protein intake may influence appetite sensations by enhancing fullness or satiety. The low level of evidence, due to the heterogeneity of the protocols and the high risk of bias, highlights the need for further studies to confirm these results.
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Gama LA, Rocha Machado MP, Beckmann APS, Miranda JRDA, Corá LA, Américo MF. Gastrointestinal motility and morphology in mice: Strain-dependent differences. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13824. [PMID: 32096330 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are widely used in biomedical research; however, the differences between strains are still underestimated. Our aims were to develop an experimental protocol to evaluate the duodenal contractility and gastrointestinal transit in mice using the Alternating Current Biosusceptometry (ACB) technique and to compare gastrointestinal motor function and morphology between BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains. METHODS Male mice were used in experiments (a) duodenal contractility: animals which had a magnetic marker surgically fixed in the duodenum to determine the frequency and amplitude of contractions and (b) gastrointestinal transit: animals which ingested a magnetically marked chow to calculate the Oro-Anal Transit Time (OATT) and the Fecal Pellet Elimination Rate (FPER). The animals were killed after the experiments for organ collection and morphometric analysis. KEY RESULTS BALB/c and C57BL/6 had two different duodenal frequencies (high and low) with similar amplitudes. After 10 hours of monitoring, BALB/c eliminated around 89% of the ingested marker and C57BL/6 eliminated 33%; OATT and FPER were slower for C57BL/6 compared with BALB/c. The OATT and amplitude of low frequency had a strong positive correlation in C57BL/6. For BALB/c, the gastric muscular layer was thicker compared to that measured for C57BL/6. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The experimental protocol to evaluate duodenal contractility and fecal magnetic pellets output using the ACB technique in mice was successfully established. BALB/c strains had higher duodenal frequencies and a shorter time to eliminate the ingested marker. Our results showed differences in both motor function and gastrointestinal morphology between BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loyane Almeida Gama
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Simões Beckmann
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | | | | | - Madileine Francely Américo
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, UFMT, Barra do Garças, Brazil
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Massó-Vallés D, Soucek L. Blocking Myc to Treat Cancer: Reflecting on Two Decades of Omomyc. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040883. [PMID: 32260326 PMCID: PMC7226798 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
First designed and published in 1998 as a laboratory tool to study Myc perturbation, Omomyc has come a long way in the past 22 years. This dominant negative has contributed to our understanding of Myc biology when expressed, first, in normal and cancer cells, and later in genetically-engineered mice, and has shown remarkable anti-cancer properties in a wide range of tumor types. The recently described therapeutic effect of purified Omomyc mini-protein—following the surprising discovery of its cell-penetrating capacity—constitutes a paradigm shift. Now, much more than a proof of concept, the most characterized Myc inhibitor to date is advancing in its drug development pipeline, pushing Myc inhibition into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Soucek
- Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Edifici Cellex, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Jadhav U, Manieri E, Nalapareddy K, Madha S, Chakrabarti S, Wucherpfennig K, Barefoot M, Shivdasani RA. Replicational Dilution of H3K27me3 in Mammalian Cells and the Role of Poised Promoters. Mol Cell 2020; 78:141-151.e5. [PMID: 32027840 PMCID: PMC7376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) places H3K27me3 at developmental genes and is causally implicated in keeping bivalent genes silent. It is unclear if that silence requires minimum H3K27me3 levels and how the mark transmits faithfully across mammalian somatic cell generations. Mouse intestinal cells lacking EZH2 methyltransferase reduce H3K27me3 proportionately at all PRC2 target sites, but ∼40% uniform residual levels keep target genes inactive. These genes, derepressed in PRC2-null villus cells, remain silent in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation and computational modeling indicate that because unmodified histones dilute H3K27me3 by 50% each time DNA replicates, PRC2-deficient ISCs initially retain sufficient H3K27me3 to avoid gene derepression. EZH2 mutant human lymphoma cells also require multiple divisions before H3K27me3 dilution relieves gene silencing. In both cell types, promoters with high basal H3K4me2/3 activate in spite of some residual H3K27me3, compared to less-poised promoters. These findings have implications for PRC2 inhibition in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unmesh Jadhav
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elisa Manieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kodandaramireddy Nalapareddy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shaon Chakrabarti
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kai Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Cao L, Liu Y, Liang X, Zheng Y, Li W, Yan J, Huang G. Association between dietary patterns during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum depression in China. J Affect Disord 2020; 264:370-375. [PMID: 31744735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression, which has affected one in six women after giving birth, can exert detrimental effects on maternal, children and family well-being. This study investigated the association between dietary patterns and postpartum depression among Chinese women. METHODS A total of 1659 participants were recruited and collected between July 2015 and June 2017 in Tianjin, China. The Chinese version of the Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms at 6-12 weeks postpartum. Information about diet was obtained using an 81-item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess relationships between dietary patterns and the risk of postpartum depression. RESULTS Six dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis, including beverage, vegetable, cereal-meat, nut-fruit, egg and seafood patterns. The highest tertile (T3) of the nut-fruit pattern was significantly associated with a decreased risk of postpartum depression (OR: 0.740, 95% CI: 0.573-0.955, p = =0.020). Moreover, T3 of the seafood pattern was associated with a lower risk of postpartum depression than the lowest tertile (T1) of this pattern (OR: 0.753, 95% CI: 0.580-0.978, p = =0.033). No other associations were found. LIMITATIONS A retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS The nut-fruit pattern and seafood pattern were associated with a decreased risk of postpartum depression in Chinese women. The present findings reinforce the importance of an adequate diet of fruit, nuts, and seafood for postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhi Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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Evaluation of the bioavailability and intestinal effects of milk fermented by folate producing lactic acid bacteria in a depletion/repletion mice model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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47
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Krndija D, El Marjou F, Guirao B, Richon S, Leroy O, Bellaiche Y, Hannezo E, Matic Vignjevic D. Active cell migration is critical for steady-state epithelial turnover in the gut. Science 2020; 365:705-710. [PMID: 31416964 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state turnover is a hallmark of epithelial tissues throughout adult life. Intestinal epithelial turnover is marked by continuous cell migration, which is assumed to be driven by mitotic pressure from the crypts. However, the balance of forces in renewal remains ill-defined. Combining biophysical modeling and quantitative three-dimensional tissue imaging with genetic and physical manipulations, we revealed the existence of an actin-related protein 2/3 complex-dependent active migratory force, which explains quantitatively the profiles of cell speed, density, and tissue tension along the villi. Cells migrate collectively with minimal rearrangements while displaying dual-apicobasal and front-back-polarity characterized by actin-rich basal protrusions oriented in the direction of migration. We propose that active migration is a critical component of gut epithelial turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Krndija
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Fatima El Marjou
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Boris Guirao
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U934/UMR3215, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Richon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Leroy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U934/UMR3215, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaiche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U934/UMR3215, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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48
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Fendrik AJ, Romanelli L, Rotondo E. Stochastic cell renewal process and lengthening of cell cycle. Phys Biol 2019; 17:016004. [PMID: 31722323 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab576c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of the stem cell population responsible for homeostatic cell renewal processes is analyzed. We assume that this regime is the product of a delicate balance between symmetric divisions that, after each cell cycle, originates a new stem cell or its disappearance (through cell differentiation). This dynamics leads to a monoclonal population, that is for an initial homogeneous set of stem cells, fixation of each clone is equiprobable. In this work we show that if there is an altered stem cell with a longer cell cycle than the rest, the fixation of this altered clone is more likely. We also study the consequeces of the appearance of successive alterations with these characteristics and their fixations. This effect is purely due to inherent characteristics of the cell renewal dynamics and as time goes by it leads to a quiescence state for stem cells owing to the recurrent fixation of such altered cells. Therefore it would contribute to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fendrik
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento-J.M.Gutierrez 1150, (1613) Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas- Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kopf A, Sixt M. Gut Homeostasis: Active Migration of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Tissue Renewal. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R1091-R1093. [PMID: 31639357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new study has uncovered a previously unknown feature of intestinal epithelial cells during gut homeostasis. Biophysical modeling combined with quantitative tissue imaging indicates that epithelial cells actively migrate up the gut villus, challenging the current concept of passive tissue renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaja Kopf
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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50
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Muraro D, Parker A, Vaux L, Filippi S, Almet AA, Fletcher AG, Watson AJM, Pin C, Maini PK, Byrne HM. Chronic TNFα-driven injury delays cell migration to villi in the intestinal epithelium. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0037. [PMID: 30068555 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a single layer of cells which provides the first line of defence of the intestinal mucosa to bacterial infection. Cohesion of this physical barrier is supported by renewal of epithelial stem cells, residing in invaginations called crypts, and by crypt cell migration onto protrusions called villi; dysregulation of such mechanisms may render the gut susceptible to chronic inflammation. The impact that excessive or misplaced epithelial cell death may have on villus cell migration is currently unknown. We integrated cell-tracking methods with computational models to determine how epithelial homeostasis is affected by acute and chronic TNFα-driven epithelial cell death. Parameter inference reveals that acute inflammatory cell death has a transient effect on epithelial cell dynamics, whereas cell death caused by chronic elevated TNFα causes a delay in the accumulation of labelled cells onto the villus compared to the control. Such a delay may be reproduced by using a cell-based model to simulate the dynamics of each cell in a crypt-villus geometry, showing that a prolonged increase in cell death slows the migration of cells from the crypt to the villus. This investigation highlights which injuries (acute or chronic) may be regenerated and which cause disruption of healthy epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Muraro
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Aimee Parker
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura Vaux
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK
| | - Sarah Filippi
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Axel A Almet
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander G Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Carmen Pin
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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