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Matsingos C, Howell LA, McCormick PJ, Fornili A. Elucidating the Activation Mechanism of the Proton-sensing GPR68 Receptor. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168688. [PMID: 38936694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
GPR68 is a proton-sensing G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) involved in a variety of physiological processes and disorders including neoplastic pathologies. While GPR68 and few other GPCRs have been shown to be activated by a decrease in the extracellular pH, the molecular mechanism of their activation remains largely unknown. In this work, we used a combined computational and in vitro approach to provide new insight into the activation mechanism of the receptor. Molecular Dynamics simulations of GPR68 were used to model the changes in residue interactions and motions triggered by pH. Global and local rearrangements consistent with partial activation were observed upon protonation of the inactive state. Selected extracellular histidine and transmembrane acidic residues were found to have significantly upshifted pKa values during the simulations, consistently with their previously hypothesised role in activation through changes in protonation state. Moreover, a novel pairing between histidine and acidic residues in the extracellular region was highlighted by both sequence analyses and simulation data and tested through site-directed mutagenesis. At last, we identified a previously unknown hydrophobic lock in the extracellular region that might stabilise the inactive conformation and regulate the transition to the active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Matsingos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Lesley A Howell
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Fornili
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
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2
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Pissas KP, Gründer S, Tian Y. Functional expression of the proton sensors ASIC1a, TMEM206, and OGR1 together with BK Ca channels is associated with cell volume changes and cell death under strongly acidic conditions in DAOY medulloblastoma cells. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:923-937. [PMID: 38627262 PMCID: PMC11139714 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Fast growing solid tumors are frequently surrounded by an acidic microenvironment. Tumor cells employ a variety of mechanisms to survive and proliferate under these harsh conditions. In that regard, acid-sensitive membrane receptors constitute a particularly interesting target, since they can affect cellular functions through ion flow and second messenger cascades. Our knowledge of these processes remains sparse, however, especially regarding medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric CNS malignancy. In this study, using RT-qPCR, whole-cell patch clamp, and Ca2+-imaging, we uncovered several ion channels and a G protein-coupled receptor, which were regulated directly or indirectly by low extracellular pH in DAOY and UW228 medulloblastoma cells. Acidification directly activated acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), the proton-activated Cl- channel (PAC, ASOR, or TMEM206), and the proton-activated G protein-coupled receptor OGR1. The resulting Ca2+ signal secondarily activated the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa). Our analyses uncover a complex relationship of these transmembrane proteins in DAOY cells that resulted in cell volume changes and induced cell death under strongly acidic conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that these ion channels in concert with OGR1 may shape the growth and evolution of medulloblastoma cells in their acidic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yuemin Tian
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Yamashita K, Kumamoto Y. CAFs-Associated Genes (CAFGs) in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6003. [PMID: 38892190 PMCID: PMC11172745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive cancer with striking fibrosis, and its mortality rate is ranked second across human cancers. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a critical role in PDAC progression, and we reviewed the molecular understanding of PDAC CAFs and novel therapeutic potential at present. CAFs-associated genes (CAFGs) were tentatively classified into three categories by stroma specificity representing stroma/epithelia expression ratios (SE ratios). The recent classification using single cell transcriptome technology clarified that CAFs were composed of myofibroblasts (myCAFs), inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), and other minor ones (e.g., POSTN-CAFs and antigen presenting CAFs, apCAFs). LRRC15 is a myCAFs marker, and myCAFs depletion by diphtheria toxin induces the rapid accumulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and therefore augment PDL1 antibody treatments. This finding proposes that myCAFs may be a critical regulator of tumor immunity in terms of PDAC progression. myCAFs are located in CAFs adjacent to tumor cells, while iCAFs marked by PDPN and/or COL14A1 are distant from tumor cells, where hypoxic and acidic environments being located in iCAFs putatively due to poor blood supply is consistent with HIF1A and GPR68 expressions. iCAFs may be shared with SASP (secretion-associated phenotypes) in senescent CAFs. myCAFs are classically characterized by CAFGs induced by TGFB1, while chemoresistant CAFs with SASP may dependent on IL6 expression and accompanied by STAT3 activation. Recently, it was found that the unique metabolism of CAFs can be targeted to prevent PDAC progression, where PDAC cells utilize glucose, whereas CAFs in turn utilize lactate, which may be epigenetically regulated, mediated by its target genes including CXCR4. In summary, CAFs have unique molecular characteristics, which have been rigorously clarified as novel therapeutic targets of PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamashita
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kumamoto
- Department of General-Pediatric-Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan;
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Hausmann M, Seuwen K, de Vallière C, Busch M, Ruiz PA, Rogler G. Role of pH-sensing receptors in colitis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:611-622. [PMID: 38514581 PMCID: PMC11006753 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Low pH in the gut is associated with severe inflammation, fibrosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a hallmark of active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subsequently, pH-sensing mechanisms are of interest for the understanding of IBD pathophysiology. Tissue hypoxia and acidosis-two contributing factors to disease pathophysiology-are linked to IBD, and understanding their interplay is highly relevant for the development of new therapeutic options. One member of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, GPR65 (T-cell death-associated gene 8, TDAG8), was identified as a susceptibility gene for IBD in a large genome-wide association study. In response to acidic extracellular pH, GPR65 induces an anti-inflammatory response, whereas the two other proton-sensing receptors, GPR4 and GPR68 (ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1, OGR1), mediate pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of these proton-sensing receptors in IBD and IBD-associated fibrosis and cancer, as well as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We also describe emerging small molecule modulators of these receptors as therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Moana Busch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
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Ji R, Chang L, An C, Zhang J. Proton-sensing ion channels, GPCRs and calcium signaling regulated by them: implications for cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1326231. [PMID: 38505262 PMCID: PMC10949864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1326231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular acidification of tumors is common. Through proton-sensing ion channels or proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), tumor cells sense extracellular acidification to stimulate a variety of intracellular signaling pathways including the calcium signaling, which consequently exerts global impacts on tumor cells. Proton-sensing ion channels, and proton-sensing GPCRs have natural advantages as drug targets of anticancer therapy. However, they and the calcium signaling regulated by them attracted limited attention as potential targets of anticancer drugs. In the present review, we discuss the progress in studies on proton-sensing ion channels, and proton-sensing GPCRs, especially emphasizing the effects of calcium signaling activated by them on the characteristics of tumors, including proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, angiogenesis. In addition, we review the drugs targeting proton-sensing channels or GPCRs that are currently in clinical trials, as well as the relevant potential drugs for cancer treatments, and discuss their future prospects. The present review aims to elucidate the important role of proton-sensing ion channels, GPCRs and calcium signaling regulated by them in cancer initiation and development. This review will promote the development of drugs targeting proton-sensing channels or GPCRs for cancer treatments, effectively taking their unique advantage as anti-cancer drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhui Ji
- Foundational and Translational Medical Research Center, Department of Allergy and General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Chang
- Foundational and Translational Medical Research Center, Department of Allergy and General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caiyan An
- Foundational and Translational Medical Research Center, Department of Allergy and General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Junjing Zhang
- Foundational and Translational Medical Research Center, Department of Allergy and General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Kolb T, Müller S, Möller P, Barth TFE, Marienfeld R. Molecular heterogeneity in histomorphologic subtypes of lung adeno carcinoma represents a challenge for treatment decision. Neoplasia 2024; 49:100955. [PMID: 38310709 PMCID: PMC10848034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause in cancer related death, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most frequent subtype. The importance of NSCLC is reflected by the various targeted therapy options especially for NSCLC adenocarcinomas (lung adeno carcinoma (LUAD)) as well as a set of options for immune therapies. However, despite these therapy advances, the majority of patients do not show a long-term response to either targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibition. One reason for treatment failure appears to be the NSCLC tumor heterogeneity. NSCLC heterogeneity might lead to an insufficient molecular characterization of a given sample due to the limited tumor material used for pathological assessment as the majority of analyses is performed on small biopsies. To get a more detailed insight into the tumor heterogeneity of NSCLC LUAD, especially in the light of its different histomorphological growth patterns, we analysed isolated NSCLC growth pattern areas and the corresponding entire tumor samples of a cohort of 31 NSLCS LUAD patients and compared their mutational landscape and their expression profiles. While significant differences of complex biomarkers, like tumor mutational burden (TMB) or microsatellite instability (MSI), were not detected between the five growth patterns -lepidic, papillary, micropapillary, acinar, and solid- we observed various subclonal mutations and copy number variants. Moreover, RNASeq analysis revealed growth pattern specific expression profiles affecting cellular processes like apoptosis, metastasis and proliferation. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the tumor heterogeneity of LUAD required to overcome tumor heterogeneity related therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kolb
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Müller
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Williams CH, Neitzel LR, Cornell J, Rea S, Mills I, Silver MS, Ahmad JD, Birukov KG, Birukova A, Brem H, Tyler B, Bar EE, Hong CC. GPR68-ATF4 signaling is a novel prosurvival pathway in glioblastoma activated by acidic extracellular microenvironment. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38291540 PMCID: PMC10829393 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stands as a formidable challenge in oncology because of its aggressive nature and severely limited treatment options. Despite decades of research, the survival rates for GBM remain effectively stagnant. A defining hallmark of GBM is a highly acidic tumor microenvironment, which is thought to activate pro-tumorigenic pathways. This acidification is the result of altered tumor metabolism favoring aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Low extracellular pH confers radioresistant tumors to glial cells. Notably GPR68, an acid sensing GPCR, is upregulated in radioresistant GBM. Usage of Lorazepam, which has off target agonism of GPR68, is linked to worse clinical outcomes for a variety of cancers. However, the role of tumor microenvironment acidification in GPR68 activation has not been assessed in cancer. Here we interrogate the role of GPR68 specifically in GBM cells using a novel highly specific small molecule inhibitor of GPR68 named Ogremorphin (OGM) to induce the iron mediated cell death pathway: ferroptosis. METHOD OGM was identified in a non-biased zebrafish embryonic development screen and validated with Morpholino and CRISPR based approaches. Next, A GPI-anchored pH reporter, pHluorin2, was stably expressed in U87 glioblastoma cells to probe extracellular acidification. Cell survival assays, via nuclei counting and cell titer glo, were used to demonstrate sensitivity to GPR68 inhibition in twelve immortalized and PDX GBM lines. To determine GPR68 inhibition's mechanism of cell death we use DAVID pathway analysis of RNAseq. Our major indication, ferroptosis, was then confirmed by western blotting and qRT-PCR of reporter genes including TFRC. This finding was further validated by transmission electron microscopy and liperfluo staining to assess lipid peroxidation. Lastly, we use siRNA and CRISPRi to demonstrate the critical role of ATF4 suppression via GPR68 for GBM survival. RESULTS We used a pHLourin2 probe to demonstrate how glioblastoma cells acidify their microenvironment to activate the commonly over expressed acid sensing GPCR, GPR68. Using our small molecule inhibitor OGM and genetic means, we show that blocking GPR68 signaling results in robust cell death in all thirteen glioblastoma cell lines tested, irrespective of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, or resistance to the mainstay GBM chemotherapeutic temozolomide. We use U87 and U138 glioblastoma cell lines to show how selective induction of ferroptosis occurs in an ATF4-dependent manner. Importantly, OGM was not-acutely toxic to zebrafish and its inhibitory effects were found to spare non-malignant neural cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate GPR68 emerges as a critical sensor for an autocrine pro-tumorigenic signaling cascade triggered by extracellular acidification in glioblastoma cells. In this context, GPR68 suppresses ATF4, inhibition of GPR68 increases expression of ATF4 which leads to ferroptotic cell death. These findings provide a promising therapeutic approach to selectively induce ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells while sparing healthy neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Williams
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Leif R Neitzel
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Cornell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Rea
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maya S Silver
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jovanni D Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
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8
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Perren L, Busch M, Schuler C, Ruiz PA, Foti F, Weibel N, de Vallière C, Morsy Y, Seuwen K, Hausmann M, Rogler G. OGR1 (GPR68) and TDAG8 (GPR65) Have Antagonistic Effects in Models of Colonic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14855. [PMID: 37834303 PMCID: PMC10573511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), including pro-inflammatory ovarian cancer GPR1 (OGR1/GPR68) and anti-inflammatory T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8/GPR65), are involved in pH sensing and linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OGR1 and TDAG8 show opposite effects. To determine which effect is predominant or physiologically more relevant, we deleted both receptors in models of intestinal inflammation. Combined Ogr1 and Tdag8 deficiency was assessed in spontaneous and acute murine colitis models. Disease severity was assessed using clinical scores. Colon samples were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry (FACS). In acute colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice showed significantly decreased clinical scores compared with wildtype (WT) mice, while Tdag8-deficient mice and double knockout (KO) mice presented similar scores to WT. In Il-10-spontaneous colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice presented significantly decreased, and Tdag8-deficient mice had increased inflammation. In the Il10-/- × Ogr1-/- × Tdag8-/- triple KO mice, inflammation was significantly decreased compared with Tdag8-/-. Absence of Ogr1 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in Tdag8-deficient mice. Tdag8-/- had significantly more IFNγ+ T-lymphocytes and IL-23 T-helper cells in the colon compared with WT. The absence of OGR1 significantly alleviates the intestinal damage mediated by the lack of functional TDAG8. Both OGR1 and TDAG8 represent potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Cornwell AC, Tisdale AA, Venkat S, Maraszek KE, Alahmari AA, George A, Attwood K, George M, Rempinski D, Franco-Barraza J, Seshadri M, Parker MD, Cortes Gomez E, Fountzilas C, Cukierman E, Steele NG, Feigin ME. Lorazepam Stimulates IL6 Production and Is Associated with Poor Survival Outcomes in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3793-3812. [PMID: 37587561 PMCID: PMC10502465 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research investigates the association between benzodiazepines (BZD) and cancer patient survival outcomes, the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) signaling. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Multivariate Cox regression modeling was used to retrospectively measure associations between Roswell Park cancer patient survival outcomes and BZD prescription records. IHC, H&E, Masson's trichrome, RNAscope, and RNA sequencing were used to evaluate the impact of lorazepam (LOR) on the murine PDAC tumor microenvironment. ELISA and qPCR were used to determine the impact of BZDs on IL6 expression or secretion by human-immortalized pancreatic CAFs. PRESTO-Tango assays, reanalysis of PDAC single-cell sequencing/TCGA data sets, and GPR68 CRISPRi knockdown CAFs were used to determine the impact of BZDs on GPR68 signaling. RESULTS LOR is associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS), whereas alprazolam (ALP) is associated with improved PFS, in pancreatic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. LOR promotes desmoplasia (fibrosis and extracellular matrix protein deposition), inflammatory signaling, and ischemic necrosis. GPR68 is preferentially expressed on human PDAC CAFs, and n-unsubstituted BZDs, such as LOR, significantly increase IL6 expression and secretion in CAFs in a pH and GPR68-dependent manner. Conversely, ALP and other GPR68 n-substituted BZDs decrease IL6 in human CAFs in a pH and GPR68-independent manner. Across many cancer types, LOR is associated with worse survival outcomes relative to ALP and patients not receiving BZDs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that LOR stimulates fibrosis and inflammatory signaling, promotes desmoplasia and ischemic necrosis, and is associated with decreased pancreatic cancer patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C. Cornwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Arwen A. Tisdale
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Swati Venkat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kathryn E. Maraszek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alahmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony George
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Madison George
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Donald Rempinski
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mark D. Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Christos Fountzilas
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nina G. Steele
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Pancreatic Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael E. Feigin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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Dwivedi NV, Datta S, El-Kersh K, Sadikot RT, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Jain M. GPCRs and fibroblast heterogeneity in fibroblast-associated diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23101. [PMID: 37486603 PMCID: PMC10916681 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse class of signaling receptors. GPCRs regulate many functions in the human body and have earned the title of "most targeted receptors". About one-third of the commercially available drugs for various diseases target the GPCRs. Fibroblasts lay the architectural skeleton of the body, and play a key role in supporting the growth, maintenance, and repair of almost all tissues by responding to the cellular cues via diverse and intricate GPCR signaling pathways. This review discusses the dynamic architecture of the GPCRs and their intertwined signaling in pathological conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, and cancer as opposed to the GPCR signaling of fibroblasts in physiological conditions. Understanding the dynamics of GPCR signaling in fibroblasts with disease progression can help in the recognition of the complex interplay of different GPCR subtypes in fibroblast-mediated diseases. This review highlights the importance of designing and adaptation of next-generation strategies such as GPCR-omics, focused target identification, polypharmacology, and effective personalized medicine approaches to achieve better therapeutic outcomes for fibrosis and fibrosis associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi V Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Souvik Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Karim El-Kersh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ruxana T Sadikot
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System
| | - Apar K. Ganti
- VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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12
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Wang Z, He R, Dong S, Zhou W. Pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic cancer: as potential targets for future therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1185093. [PMID: 37409257 PMCID: PMC10318188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1185093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a strongly malignant gastrointestinal carcinoma characterized by late detection, high mortality rates, poor patient prognosis and lack of effective treatments. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic strategies for this disease. Pancreatic stellate cells, which constitute a significant component of the mesenchymal cellular layer within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, play a pivotal role in modulating this environment through their interactions with pancreatic cancer cells. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which pancreatic stellate cells inhibit antitumor immune responses and promote cancer progression. We also discuss preclinical studies focusing on these cells, with the goal of providing some theoretical references for the development of new therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ru He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University Medical College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi Dong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University Medical College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University Medical College, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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13
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Ye S, Zhu Y, Zhong D, Song X, Li J, Xiao F, Huang Z, Zhang W, Wu M, Zhang K, Xiang FL, Xu J. G protein-coupled receptor GPR68 inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and contributes to gender-dependent melanoma growth. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202750. [PMID: 37350933 PMCID: PMC10282648 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melanoma is a common and aggressive type of skin cancer with rising incidence rate globally. Gender is one of the determining factors, and overall males have a higher risk of developing melanoma as well as worse prognosis. Emerging evidence show that GPR68, a G protein-coupled receptor that is sensitive to acid and mechanical stimulations for cellular microenvironment, plays an important role in tumor biology. However, whether GPR68 is involved in gender-dependent regulation of tumor growth is unclear. Methods We established a syngeneic melanoma model in Gpr68-deficient mice and investigated tumor growth in males and females. The GPR68 activation-induced cellular responses of melanocytes, including intracellular calcium dynamics, proliferation and migration were measured. The landscape of tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and the expression various cytokines were checked by qRT-PCR. Results GPR68 is required for melanoma growth in males but dispensable in females. GPR68 is expressed and functional in B16-F10 melanocytes, but the activity of the receptor does not directly contribute to proliferation and migration of the cells. GPR68 inhibits infiltration of CD45+ lymphocytes, CD8+ T cells and NK cells in melanoma in male mice, but has no apparent effect in females. Furthermore, GPR68 functionally inhibits the expression of IFNγ in the tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and NK cells as well as the inflammatory cytokine expression in the spleen in male mice but not in females. Our results show the gender-dependent modulatory effect of GPR68 on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their tumor-killing capacity. Discussion GPR68 is sensor for acid and mechanical stimulations, which are two important factors in the microenvironment associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Our results suggest a prominent role of the receptor molecules in tumor biology in a gender-dependent manner. Since GPCRs are more feasible to develop small molecule drugs compared to transcription factors, our study demonstrates the potential of GPR68 as a novel druggable therapeutic target for melanoma in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmei Ye
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhong
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Huang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangdi Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-li Xiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Tang J, Peng W, Ji J, Peng C, Wang T, Yang P, Gu J, Feng Y, Jin K, Wang X, Sun Y. GPR176 Promotes Cancer Progression by Interacting with G Protein GNAS to Restrain Cell Mitophagy in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205627. [PMID: 36905238 PMCID: PMC10131842 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
GPR176 belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, which responds to external stimuli and regulates cancer progression, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In the present study, expression analyses of GPR176 are performed in patients with colorectal cancer. Genetic mouse models of CRC coupled with Gpr176-deficiency are investigated, and in vivo and in vitro treatments are conducted. A positive correlation between GPR176 upregulation and the proliferation and poor overall survival of CRC is demonstrated. GPR176 is confirmed to activate the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and modulate mitophagy, promoting CRC oncogenesis and development. Mechanistically, the G protein GNAS is recruited intracellularly to transduce and amplify extracellular signals from GPR176. A homolog model tool confirmed that GPR176 recruits GNAS intracellularly via its transmembrane helix 3-intracellular loop 2 domain. The GPR176/GNAS complex inhibits mitophagy via the cAMP/PKA/BNIP3L axis, thereby promoting the tumorigenesis and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Tang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Jiangzhou Ji
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- The First School of Clinical MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Chaofan Peng
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- The First School of Clinical MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- The First School of Clinical MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- The First School of Clinical MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Ji'ou Gu
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- The First School of Clinical MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Kangpeng Jin
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- The First School of Clinical MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210029P. R. China
- Colorectal Institute of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
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15
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Lappano R, Maggiolini M. Role of the G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Cancer and Stromal Cells: From Functions to Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040626. [PMID: 36831293 PMCID: PMC9954232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane signal transducers that regulate a plethora of physiological and pathological processes [...].
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16
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Greenwald E, Posner C, Bharath A, Lyons A, Salmerón C, Sriram K, Wiley SZ, Insel PA, Zhang J. GPCR Signaling Measurement and Drug Profiling with an Automated Live-Cell Microscopy System. ACS Sens 2023; 8:19-27. [PMID: 36602887 PMCID: PMC9994309 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A major limitation of time-lapse microscopy combined with fluorescent biosensors, a powerful tool for quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling in single living cells, is low-experimental throughput. To overcome this limitation, we created a highly customizable, MATLAB-based platform: flexible automated liquid-handling combined microscope (FALCOscope) that coordinates an OpenTrons liquid handler and a fluorescence microscope to automate drug treatments, fluorescence imaging, and single-cell analysis. To test the feasibility of the FALCOscope, we quantified G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-stimulated Protein Kinase A activity and cAMP responses to GPCR agonists and antagonists. We also characterized cAMP dynamics induced by GPR68/OGR1, a proton-sensing GPCR, in response to variable extracellular pH values. GPR68-induced cAMP responses were more transient in acidic than neutral pH values, suggesting a pH-dependence for signal attenuation. Ogerin, a GPR68 positive allosteric modulator, enhanced cAMP response most strongly at pH 7.0 and sustained cAMP response for acidic pH values, thereby demonstrating the capability of the FALCOscope to capture allosteric modulation. At a high concentration, ogerin increased cAMP signaling independent of GPR68, likely via phosphodiesterase inhibition. The FALCOscope system thus enables enhanced throughput single-cell dynamic measurements and is a versatile system for interrogating spatiotemporal regulation of signaling molecules in living cells and for drug profiling and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Greenwald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Clara Posner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ananya Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne Lyons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shu Z Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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17
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Nishiwada S, Shimura T, Yamamura K, Nakagawa K, Nagai M, Nakamura K, Terai T, Yamada S, Fujii T, Kodera Y, Sho M, Goel A. Clinical significance and functional role of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:321-330. [PMID: 36396823 PMCID: PMC9902480 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play crucial roles in tumour pathogenesis, however, their clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. METHODS We analysed 796 PDAC patients, including 331 from public data sets (TCGA, ICGC and GSE57495) and 465 from independent cohorts (training: n = 321, validation: n = 144). Using in-vitro studies, we confirmed the biological function of the candidate GPCRs. RESULTS Analysis of all 33 adhesion GPCRs, led to identify GPR115, as the only significant prognostic factor in all public data sets. The patients with high GPR115 expression exhibited significantly poorer prognosis for OS and RFS, in training (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and validation cohort (P < 0.01, P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis indicated that GPR115 high expression was an independent prognostic factor in both cohorts (HR = 1.43; P = 0.01, HR = 2.55; P < 0.01). A risk-prediction model using Cox regression by incorporating GPR115 and clinicopathological factors accurately predicted 5-year survival following surgery. In addition, GPR115 silencing inhibited cell proliferation and migration in PDAC cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that GPR115 has important prognostic significance and functional role in tumour progression; providing a rationale that this may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nishiwada
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Tadanobu Shimura
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kenji Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Minako Nagai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kota Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Taichi Terai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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18
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Liu X, Liu Y, Yang RX, Ding XJ, Liang ES. Loss of myeloid Tsc2 predisposes to angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:972. [PMID: 36400753 PMCID: PMC9674579 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Genetic studies have proved the involvement of Tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 2 (Tsc2) in aortic aneurysm. However, the exact role of macrophage Tsc2 in the vascular system remains unclear. Here, we examined the potential function of macrophage Tsc2 in the development of aortic remodeling and aortic aneurysms. METHODS AND RESULTS Conditional gene knockout strategy combined with histology and whole-transcriptomic analysis showed that Tsc2 deficiency in macrophages aggravated the progression of aortic aneurysms along with an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metallopeptidase-9 in the angiotensin II-induced mouse model. G protein-coupled receptor 68 (Gpr68), a proton-sensing receptor for detecting the extracellular acidic pH, was identified as the most up-regulated gene in Tsc2 deficient macrophages compared with control macrophages. Additionally, Tsc2 deficient macrophages displayed higher glycolysis and glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatment partially attenuated the level of Gpr68. We further demonstrated an Tsc2-Gpr68-CREB network in macrophages that regulates the inflammatory response, proteolytic degradation and vascular homeostasis. Gpr68 inhibition largely abrogated the progression of aortic aneurysms caused by Tsc2 deficiency in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal that Tsc2 deficiency in macrophages contributes to aortic aneurysm formation, at least in part, by upregulating Gpr68 expression, which subsequently drives proinflammatory processes and matrix metallopeptidase activation. The data also provide a novel therapeutic strategy to limit the progression of the aneurysm resulting from Tsc2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui-xue Yang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-jiu Ding
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Er-shun Liang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Kazakova AN, Anufrieva KS, Ivanova OM, Shnaider PV, Malyants IK, Aleshikova OI, Slonov AV, Ashrafyan LA, Babaeva NA, Eremeev AV, Boichenko VS, Lukina MM, Lagarkova MA, Govorun VM, Shender VO, Arapidi GP. Deeper insights into transcriptional features of cancer-associated fibroblasts: An integrated meta-analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:825014. [PMID: 36263012 PMCID: PMC9574913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.825014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have long been known as one of the most important players in tumor initiation and progression. Even so, there is an incomplete understanding of the identification of CAFs among tumor microenvironment cells as the list of CAF marker genes varies greatly in the literature, therefore it is imperative to find a better way to identify reliable markers of CAFs. To this end, we summarized a large number of single-cell RNA-sequencing data of multiple tumor types and corresponding normal tissues. As a result, for 9 different types of cancer, we identified CAF-specific gene expression signatures and found 10 protein markers that showed strongly positive staining of tumor stroma according to the analysis of IHC images from the Human Protein Atlas database. Our results give an insight into selecting the most appropriate combination of cancer-associated fibroblast markers. Furthermore, comparison of different approaches for studying differences between cancer-associated and normal fibroblasts (NFs) illustrates the superiority of transcriptome analysis of fibroblasts obtained from fresh tissue samples. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data, we identified common differences in gene expression patterns between normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts, which do not depend on the type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N. Kazakova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
- *Correspondence: Anastasia N. Kazakova, ; Ksenia S. Anufrieva,
| | - Ksenia S. Anufrieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Anastasia N. Kazakova, ; Ksenia S. Anufrieva,
| | - Olga M. Ivanova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina V. Shnaider
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina K. Malyants
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Drugs, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I. Aleshikova
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Slonov
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev A. Ashrafyan
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya A. Babaeva
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Eremeev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika S. Boichenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria M. Lukina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria A. Lagarkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria O. Shender
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgij P. Arapidi
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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20
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An overview of kinin mediated events in cancer progression and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188807. [PMID: 36167271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are bioactive peptides generated in the inflammatory milieu of the tissue microenvironment, which is involved in cancer progression and inflammatory response. Kinins signals through activation of two G-protein coupled receptors; inducible Bradykinin Receptor B1 (B1R) and constitutive receptor B2 (B2R). Activation of kinin receptors and its cross-talk with receptor tyrosine kinases activates multiple signaling pathways, including ERK/MAPK, PI3K, PKC, and p38 pathways regulating cancer hallmarks. Perturbations of the kinin-mediated events are implicated in various aspects of cancer invasion, matrix remodeling, and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, kinins initiate fibroblast activation, mesenchymal stem cell interactions, and recruitment of immune cells. Albeit the precise nature of kinin function in the metastasis and tumor microenvironment are not completely clear yet, several kinin receptor antagonists show anti-metastatic potential. Here, we showcase an overview of the complex biology of kinins and their role in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects.
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21
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Liu Y, Xie YZ, Shi YH, Yang L, Chen XY, Wang LW, Qu JM, Weng D, Wang XJ, Liu HP, Ge BX, Xu JF. Airway acidification impaired host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by promoting type 1 interferon β response. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2132-2146. [PMID: 35930458 PMCID: PMC9487950 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Airway microenvironment played an important role in the progression of chronic respiratory disease. Here we showed that standardized pondus hydrogenii (pH) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of bronchiectasis patients was significantly lower than that of controls and was significantly correlated with bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) scores and disease prognosis. EBC pH was lower in severe patients than that in mild and moderate patients. Besides, acidic microenvironment deteriorated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pulmonary infection in mice models. Mechanistically, acidic microenvironment increased P. aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles (PA_OMVs) released and boosted it induced the activation of interferon regulatory factor3 (IRF3)-interferonβ (IFN-β) signalling pathway, ultimately compromised the anti-bacteria immunity. Targeted knockout of IRF3 or type 1 interferon receptor (IFNAR1) alleviated lung damage and lethality of mice after P. aeruginosa infection that aggravated by acidic microenvironment. Together, these findings identified airway acidification impaired host resistance to P. aeruginosa infection by enhancing it induced the activation of IRF3-IFN-β signalling pathway. Standardized EBC pH may be a useful biomarker of disease severity and a potential therapeutic target for the refractory P. aeruginosa infection. The study also provided one more reference parameter for drug selection and new drug discovery for bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Zhou Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Han Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospitial of Fujian Medical University, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Ling-Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dong Weng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bao-Xue Ge
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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22
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Identification of a Prognostic Microenvironment-Related Gene Signature in Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Carmustine Wafers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143413. [PMID: 35884475 PMCID: PMC9320240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the state-of-the-art treatment, patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM) have a median overall survival (OS) of 14 months. The insertion of carmustine wafers (CWs) into the resection cavity as adjuvant treatment represents a promising option, although its use has been limited due to contrasting clinical results. Our retrospective evaluation of CW efficacy showed a significant improvement in terms of OS in a subgroup of patients. Given the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBM progression and response to therapy, we hypothesized that the TME of patients who benefited from CW could have different properties compared to that of patients who did not show any advantage. Using an in vitro model of the glioma microenvironment, represented by glioma-associated-stem cells (GASC), we performed a transcriptomic analysis of GASC isolated from tumors of patients responsive and not responsive to CW to identify differentially expressed genes. We found different transcriptomic profiles, and we identified four genes, specifically down-regulated in GASC isolated from long-term survivors, correlated with clinical data deposited in the TCGA–GBM dataset. Our results highlight that studying the in vitro properties of patient-specific glioma microenvironments can help to identify molecular determinants potentially prognostic for patients treated with CW.
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Imenez Silva PH, Câmara NO, Wagner CA. Role of proton-activated G protein-coupled receptors in pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C400-C414. [PMID: 35759438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Local acidification is a common feature of many disease processes such as inflammation, infarction, or solid tumor growth. Acidic pH is not merely a sequelae of disease but contributes to recruitment and regulation of immune cells, modifies metabolism of parenchymal, immune and tumor cells, modulates fibrosis, vascular permeability, oxygen availability and consumption, invasiveness of tumor cells, and impacts on cell survival. Thus, multiple pH-sensing mechanisms must exist in cells involved in these processes. These pH-sensors play important roles in normal physiology and pathophysiology, and hence might be attractive targets for pharmacological interventions. Among the pH-sensing mechanisms, OGR1 (GPR68), GPR4 (GPR4), and TDAG8 (GPR65) have emerged as important molecules. These G protein-coupled receptors are widely expressed, are upregulated in inflammation and tumors, sense changes in extracellular pH in the range between pH 8 and 6, and are involved in modulating key processes in inflammation, tumor biology, and fibrosis. This review discusses key features of these receptors and highlights important disease states and pathways affected by their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
| | - Niels Olsen Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
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24
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Shear stress regulates the SNAP23-mediated endothelial secretion of VWF through the GPR68/PKA/vimentin mechanotransduction pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 607:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Han L, Seward C, Leone G, Ostrowski MC. Origin, activation and heterogeneity of fibroblasts associated with pancreas and breast cancers. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:169-201. [PMID: 35459469 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreas and breast cancers both contain abundant stromal components within the tumor tissues. A prominent cell type within the stroma is cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs play critical and complex roles establishing the tumor microenvironment to either promote or prevent tumor progression. Recently, complex genetic models and single cell-based techniques have provided emerging insights on the precise functions and cellular heterogeneity of CAFs. The transformation of normal fibroblasts into CAFs is a key event during tumor initiation and progression. Such coordination between tumor cells and fibroblasts plays an important role in cancer development. Reprograming fibroblasts is currently being explored for therapeutic benefits. In this review, we will discuss recent literature shedding light on the tissues of origin, activation mechanisms, and heterogeneity of CAFs comparing pancreas and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Cara Seward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical college of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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26
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Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA. Physiological relevance of proton-activated GPCRs. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:487-504. [PMID: 35247105 PMCID: PMC8993716 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The detection of H+ concentration variations in the extracellular milieu is accomplished by a series of specialized and non-specialized pH-sensing mechanisms. The proton-activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4 (Gpr4), TDAG8 (Gpr65), and OGR1 (Gpr68) form a subfamily of proteins capable of triggering intracellular signaling in response to alterations in extracellular pH around physiological values, i.e., in the range between pH 7.5 and 6.5. Expression of these receptors is widespread for GPR4 and OGR1 with particularly high levels in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively, while expression of TDAG8 appears to be more restricted to the immune compartment. These receptors have been linked to several well-studied pH-dependent physiological activities including central control of respiration, renal adaption to changes in acid–base status, secretion of insulin and peripheral responsiveness to insulin, mechanosensation, and cellular chemotaxis. Their role in pathological processes such as the genesis and progression of several inflammatory diseases (asthma, inflammatory bowel disease), and tumor cell metabolism and invasiveness, is increasingly receiving more attention and makes these receptors novel and interesting targets for therapy. In this review, we cover the role of these receptors in physiological processes and will briefly discuss some implications for disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
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27
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Identification of Dysregulated Expression of G Protein Coupled Receptors in Endocrine Tumors by Bioinformatics Analysis: Potential Drug Targets? Cells 2022; 11:cells11040703. [PMID: 35203352 PMCID: PMC8870215 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies link G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to cancer. Some endocrine tumors are unresponsive to standard treatment and/or require long-term and poorly tolerated treatment. This study explored, by bioinformatics analysis, the tumoral profiling of the GPCR transcriptome to identify potential targets in these tumors aiming at drug repurposing. Methods: We explored the GPCR differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from public datasets (Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)). The GEO datasets were available for two medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs), eighty-seven pheochromocytomas (PHEOs), sixty-one paragangliomas (PGLs), forty-seven pituitary adenomas and one-hundred-fifty adrenocortical cancers (ACCs). The TCGA dataset covered 92 ACCs. We identified GPCRs targeted by approved drugs from pharmacological databases (ChEMBL and DrugBank). Results: The profiling of dysregulated GPCRs was tumor specific. In MTC, we found 14 GPCR DEGs, including an upregulation of the dopamine receptor (DRD2) and adenosine receptor (ADORA2B), which were the target of many drugs. In PGL, seven GPCR genes were downregulated, including vasopressin receptor (AVPR1A) and PTH receptor (PTH1R), which were targeted by approved drugs. In ACC, PTH1R was also downregulated in both the GEO and TCGA datasets and was the target of osteoporosis drugs. Conclusions: We highlight specific GPCR signatures across the major endocrine tumors. These data could help to identify new opportunities for drug repurposing.
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28
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Zhao D, Zhang M, Yang L, Zeng M. GPR68 Improves Nerve Damage and Myelination in an Immature Rat Model Induced by Sevoflurane Anesthesia by Activating cAMP/CREB to Mediate BDNF. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:423-431. [PMID: 35025202 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, also known as GPR68) is a member of proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors, involved in cardiovascular physiology, tumor biology, and asthma, and exerts a neuroprotective effect against brain ischemia. The effects of GPR68 on anesthesia-induced nerve damage and myelination were investigated in this study. First, 2-day old postnatal rats were exposed to 4.9% sevoflurane for 2 h. Data from hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining showed that sevoflurane induced pathological changes in the hippocampus with a reduced number of neurons. GPR68 was downregulated in the hippocampus of sevoflurane-induced rats. Second, sevoflurane-induced rats were injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of GPR68, and overexpression of GPR68 ameliorated sevoflurane-induced pathological changes, enhanced the number of neurons, and improved the learning and memory function. Moreover, overexpression of GPR68 increased the number of BrdU-positive and Olig2-positive cells and enhanced protein expression of Olig2 in sevoflurane-induced rats. Third, the number of myelin basic protein (MBP) positive cells and protein expression of MBP in sevoflurane-induced rats were also enhanced by injection with AAV-GPR68. Overexpression of GPR68 attenuated sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats. Lastly, overexpression of GPR68 upregulated protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by increasing cAMP and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). In conclusion, GPR68 alleviated sevoflurane-induced nerve damage and myelination through BDNF-mediated activation of the cAMP/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610032, China
| | - Minli Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610032, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610032, China
| | - Mingquan Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
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29
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de Vallière C, Cosin-Roger J, Baebler K, Schoepflin A, Mamie C, Mollet M, Schuler C, Bengs S, Lang S, Scharl M, Seuwen K, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M, Rogler G. pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031419. [PMID: 35163345 PMCID: PMC8835966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local extracellular acidification occurs at sites of inflammation. Proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, also known as GPR68) responds to decreases in extracellular pH. Our previous studies show a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation, suggesting a link between tissue pH and immune responses. Additionally, pH-dependent signalling is associated with the progression of intestinal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate OGR1 expression and OGR1-mediated signalling in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our results show that OGR1 expression significantly increased in patients with IBD compared to non-IBD patients, as demonstrated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Paired samples from non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal areas of IBD patients showed stronger OGR1 IHC staining in inflamed mucosal segments compared to non-inflamed mucosa. IHC of human surgical samples revealed OGR1 expression in macrophages, granulocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. OGR1-dependent inositol phosphate (IP) production was significantly increased in CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. Primary human and murine fibroblasts exhibited OGR1-dependent IP formation, RhoA activation, F-actin, and stress fibre formation upon an acidic pH shift. OGR1 expression and signalling increases with IBD disease activity, suggesting an active role of OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michelle Mollet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4033 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)44-255-2401
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30
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An Insight into GPCR and G-Proteins as Cancer Drivers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123288. [PMID: 34943797 PMCID: PMC8699078 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface signaling receptors known to play a crucial role in various physiological functions, including tumor growth and metastasis. Various molecules such as hormones, lipids, peptides, and neurotransmitters activate GPCRs that enable the coupling of these receptors to highly specialized transducer proteins, called G-proteins, and initiate multiple signaling pathways. Integration of these intricate networks of signaling cascades leads to numerous biochemical responses involved in diverse pathophysiological activities, including cancer development. While several studies indicate the role of GPCRs in controlling various aspects of cancer progression such as tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, and metastasis through its aberrant overexpression, mutations, or increased release of agonists, the explicit mechanisms of the involvement of GPCRs in cancer progression is still puzzling. This review provides an insight into the various responses mediated by GPCRs in the development of cancers, the molecular mechanisms involved and the novel pharmacological approaches currently preferred for the treatment of cancer. Thus, these findings extend the knowledge of GPCRs in cancer cells and help in the identification of therapeutics for cancer patients.
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31
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Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
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Cao L, Huang T, Chen X, Li W, Yang X, Zhang W, Li M, Gao R. Uncovering the interplay between pH receptors and immune cells: Potential drug targets (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:228. [PMID: 34476504 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular acidosis is associated with various immunopathological states. The microenvironment of numerous solid tumours and inflammatory responses during acute or chronic infection are all related to a pH range of 5.5‑7.0. The relationship between inflammation and immune escape, cancer metabolism, and immunologic suppression drives researchers to focus on the effects of low pH on diverse components of disease immune monitoring. The potential effect of low extracellular pH on the immune function reveals the importance of pH in inflammatory and immunoreactive processes. In this review, the mechanism of how pH receptors, including monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), Na+/H+ exchanger 1, carbonic anhydrases (CAs), vacuolar‑ATPase, and proton‑sensing G‑protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), modulate the immune system in disease, especially in cancer, were studied. Their role in immunocyte growth and signal transduction as part of the immune response, as well as cytokine production, have been documented in great detail. Currently, immunotherapy strategies have positive therapeutic effects for patients. However, the acidic microenvironment may block the effect of immunotherapy through compensatory feedback mechanisms, leading to drug resistance. Therefore, we highlight promising therapeutic developments regarding pH manipulation and provide a framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Tianqiao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Weisha Li
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Ran Gao
- Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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33
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Sagara A, Nakata K, Matsumoto S, Guan W, Shinkawa T, Iwamoto C, Ikenaga N, Ohuchida K, Nakamura M. Repositioning of duloxetine to target pancreatic stellate cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:744. [PMID: 34466156 PMCID: PMC8387862 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) are surrounded by an abundant stroma, which is produced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). PSCs promote tumor cell proliferation and invasion. The objective of the current study was to identify compounds that suppress PSC activation. Gene expression profiles of cancer-derived fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts were used, and the pathway analysis suggested altered pathways that were chosen for validation. It was found that the ‘neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction’ pathway from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was one of the altered pathways. Several compounds related with this pathway were chosen, and changes in PSC activity were investigated using fluorescence staining of lipid droplets, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, and invasion and migration assays. Among these candidates, duloxetine, a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, was found to suppress PSC activation and disrupt tumor-stromal interaction. Thus, duloxetine may be a potential drug for suppressing PSC activation and pancreatic cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sagara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sokichi Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Weiyu Guan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Shinkawa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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34
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Sisignano M, Fischer MJM, Geisslinger G. Proton-Sensing GPCRs in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082050. [PMID: 34440817 PMCID: PMC8392051 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of the four receptors GPR4, TDAG8 (GPR65), OGR1 (GPR68), and G2A (GPR132). These receptors are cellular sensors of acidification, a property that has been attributed to the presence of crucial histidine residues. However, the pH detection varies considerably among the group of proton-sensing GPCRs and ranges from pH of 5.5 to 7.8. While the proton-sensing GPCRs were initially considered to detect acidic cellular environments in the context of inflammation, recent observations have expanded our knowledge about their physiological and pathophysiological functions and many additional individual and unique features have been discovered that suggest a more differentiated role of these receptors in health and disease. It is known that all four receptors contribute to different aspects of tumor biology, cardiovascular physiology, and asthma. However, apart from their overlapping functions, they seem to have individual properties, and recent publications identify potential roles of individual GPCRs in mechanosensation, intestinal inflammation, oncoimmunological interactions, hematopoiesis, as well as inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we put together the knowledge about the biological functions and structural features of the four proton-sensing GPCRs and discuss the biological role of each of the four receptors individually. We explore all currently known pharmacological modulators of the four receptors and highlight potential use. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps in the biological and pharmacological context of proton-sensing GPCRs that should be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. M. Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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35
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Geng X, Chen H, Zhao L, Hu J, Yang W, Li G, Cheng C, Zhao Z, Zhang T, Li L, Sun B. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) Heterogeneity and Targeting Therapy of CAFs in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655152. [PMID: 34336821 PMCID: PMC8319605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that typically features a dramatic desmoplastic reaction, especially fibroblasts. The roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in PDAC have received more attention in recent years. As increasing evidence suggests the heterogeneity of CAFs in PDAC, different CAF subtypes have been shown to support tumor growth, while others suppress cancer proliferation. Myofibrotic CAFs (myCAFs) show alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)high interleukin-6 (IL-6)low myofibroblastic features, are activated by direct contact with tumor cells, and are located in the periglandular region. Inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) show α-SMAlow IL-6high inflammatory features, are activated by paracrine factors secreted from tumor cells, and are located away from cancer cells. Antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs) show major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) family genes that are highly expressed. CAFs have also been gradually explored as diagnostic and prognostic markers in pancreatic cancer. Targeted therapy of CAFs in PDAC has gradually attracted attention. With the deepening of related studies, some meaningful positive and negative results have surfaced, and CAFs may be the key to unlocking the door to pancreatic cancer treatment. Our review summarizes recent advances in the heterogeneity, function, and markers of CAFs in pancreatic cancer, as well as research and treatment targeting CAFs in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Geng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Abdominal Endoscopic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hongze Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jisheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanqun Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chundong Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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36
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Zhou G, Zha XM. GPR68 Contributes to Persistent Acidosis-Induced Activation of AGC Kinases and Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:692217. [PMID: 34113235 PMCID: PMC8185064 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.692217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent acidosis occurs in ischemia and multiple neurological diseases. In previous studies, acidic stimulation leads to rapid increase in intracellular calcium in neurons. However, it remains largely unclear how a prolonged acidosis alters neuronal signaling. In our previous study, we found that GPR68-mediated PKC activities are protective against acidosis-induced injury in cortical slices. Here, we first asked whether the same principle holds true in organotypic hippocampal slices. Our data showed that 1-h pH 6 induced PKC phosphorylation in a GPR68-dependent manner. Go6983, a PKC inhibitor worsened acidosis-induced neuronal injury in wild type (WT) but had no effect in GPR68−/− slices. Next, to gain greater insights into acid signaling in brain tissue, we treated organotypic hippocampal slices with pH 6 for 1-h and performed a kinome profiling analysis by Western blot. Acidosis had little effect on cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) or casein kinase 2 activity, two members of the CMGC family, or Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATM and RAD3-related (ATR) activity, but reduced the phosphorylation of MAPK/CDK substrates. In contrast, acidosis induced the activation of CaMKIIα, PKA, and Akt. Besides these serine/threonine kinases, acidosis also induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Since GPR68 is widely expressed in brain neurons, we asked whether GPR68 contributes to acidosis-induced signaling. Deleting GPR68 had no effect on acidosis-induced CaMKII phosphorylation, attenuated that of phospho-Akt and phospho-PKA substrates, while abolishing acidosis-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that prolonged acidosis activates a network of signaling cascades, mediated by AGC kinases, CaMKII, and tyrosine kinases. GPR68 is the primary mediator for acidosis-induced activation of PKC and tyrosine phosphorylation, while both GPR68-dependent and -independent mechanisms contribute to the activation of PKA and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Xiang-Ming Zha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
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37
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Mechanosensitive Regulation of Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050994. [PMID: 33922651 PMCID: PMC8145148 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in the human body experience and integrate a wide variety of environmental cues. A growing interest in tissue mechanics in the past four decades has shown that the mechanical properties of tissue drive key biological processes and facilitate disease development. However, tissue stiffness is not only a potent behavioral cue, but also a product of cellular signaling activity. This review explores both roles of tissue stiffness in the context of inflammation and fibrosis, and the important molecular players driving such processes. During inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines upregulate tissue stiffness by increasing hydrostatic pressure, ECM deposition, and ECM remodeling. As the ECM stiffens, cells involved in the immune response employ intricate molecular sensors to probe and alter their mechanical environment, thereby facilitating immune cell recruitment and potentiating the fibrotic phenotype. This powerful feedforward loop raises numerous possibilities for drug development and warrants further investigation into the mechanisms specific to different fibrotic diseases.
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38
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Yamanaka T, Harimoto N, Yokobori T, Muranushi R, Hoshino K, Hagiwara K, Gantumur D, Handa T, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Igarashi T, Watanabe A, Kubo N, Araki K, Umezawa K, Shirabe K. Conophylline Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Activated Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Through Suppression of G Protein-coupled Receptor 68. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1019-1028. [PMID: 33722852 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently challenging. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote the malignancy of HCC cells via production of cytokines. Conophylline (CnP), a vinca alkaloid obtained from Ervatamia microphylla leaves, has been reported to suppress activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in rats. We examined the efficacy of CnP in suppressing tumor growth in HCC. Specifically, we investigated whether CnP could inhibit CAFs, which were derived from HCC tissues in vitro and in vivo Same as previous reports, CAFs promoted proliferative and invasive ability of HCC cells. CnP suppressed α-smooth muscle actin expression of CAFs, and inhibited their cancer-promoting effects. CnP significantly suppressed CAFs producting cytokines such as IL6, IL8, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, angiogenin, and osteopontin (OPN). Combined therapy with sorafenib and CnP against HCC cells and CAFs in vivo showed to inhibit tumor growth the most compared with controls and single treatment with CnP or sorafenib. Transcriptome analysis revealed that GPR68 in CAFs was strongly suppressed by CnP. The cancer-promoting effects of cytokines were eliminated by knockdown of GPR68 in CAFs. CnP inhibited the HCC-promoting effects of CAFs by suppressing several HCC-promoting cytokines secreted by CAFs expressing GPR68. Combination therapy with CnP and existing anticancer agents may be a promising strategy for treating refractory HCC associated with activated CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamanaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
| | | | - Ryo Muranushi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kouki Hoshino
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiwara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Dolgormaa Gantumur
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tadashi Handa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Social Welfare, Gunma University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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39
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Zhang Y, Recouvreux MV, Jung M, Galenkamp KMO, Li Y, Zagnitko O, Scott DA, Lowy AM, Commisso C. Macropinocytosis in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Is Dependent on CaMKK2/ARHGEF2 Signaling and Functions to Support Tumor and Stromal Cell Fitness. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1808-1825. [PMID: 33653692 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells are exposed to a nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironment, they can acquire nutrients via macropinocytosis, an endocytic form of protein scavenging that functions to support cancer metabolism. Here, we provide evidence that macropinocytosis is also operational in the pancreatic tumor stroma. We find that glutamine deficiency triggers macropinocytic uptake in pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Mechanistically, we decipher that stromal macropinocytosis is potentiated via the enhancement of cytosolic Ca2+ and dependent on ARHGEF2 and CaMKK2-AMPK signaling. We elucidate that macropinocytosis has a dual function in CAFs-it serves as a source of intracellular amino acids that sustain CAF cell fitness and function, and it provides secreted amino acids that promote tumor cell survival. Importantly, we demonstrate that stromal macropinocytosis supports PDAC tumor growth. These results highlight the functional role of macropinocytosis in the tumor stroma and provide a mechanistic understanding of how nutrient deficiency can control stromal protein scavenging. SIGNIFICANCE: Glutamine deprivation drives stromal macropinocytosis to support CAF cell fitness and provide amino acids that sustain PDAC cell survival. Selective disruption of macropinocytosis in CAFs suppresses PDAC tumor growth.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1601.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zhang
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - M Victoria Recouvreux
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Jung
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Koen M O Galenkamp
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Yunbo Li
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Olga Zagnitko
- Cancer Metabolism Core Resource, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - David A Scott
- Cancer Metabolism Core Resource, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
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40
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Unraveling the Molecular Nexus between GPCRs, ERS, and EMT. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6655417. [PMID: 33746610 PMCID: PMC7943314 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large family of transmembrane proteins that transduce an external stimulus into a variety of cellular responses. They play a critical role in various pathological conditions in humans, including cancer, by regulating a number of key processes involved in tumor formation and progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in promoting cancer cell invasion and tumor dissemination leading to metastasis, an often intractable state of the disease. Uncontrolled proliferation and persistent metabolism of cancer cells also induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and depletion of growth factors and nutrients. These disturbances lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce a cellular condition called ER stress (ERS) which is counteracted by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many GPCRs modulate ERS and UPR signaling via ERS sensors, IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, to support cancer cell survival and inhibit cell death. By regulating downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin, GPCRs also upregulate mesenchymal transcription factors including Snail, ZEB, and Twist superfamilies which regulate cell polarity, cytoskeleton remodeling, migration, and invasion. Likewise, ERS-induced UPR upregulates gene transcription and expression of proteins related to EMT enhancing tumor aggressiveness. Though GPCRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer biology, much less is known about their roles in regulating ERS and EMT. Here, we will discuss the interplay in GPCR-ERS linked to the EMT process of cancer cells, with a particular focus on oncogenes and molecular signaling pathways.
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Yoon H, Tang CM, Banerjee S, Yebra M, Noh S, Burgoyne AM, Torre JDL, Siena MD, Liu M, Klug LR, Choi YY, Hosseini M, Delgado AL, Wang Z, French RP, Lowy A, DeMatteo RP, Heinrich MC, Molinolo AA, Gutkind JS, Harismendy O, Sicklick JK. Cancer-associated fibroblast secretion of PDGFC promotes gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and metastasis. Oncogene 2021; 40:1957-1973. [PMID: 33603171 PMCID: PMC7979540 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are modestly effective, but GIST cannot be cured with single agent tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we sought to identify new therapeutic targets in GIST by investigating the tumor microenvironment. Here, we identified a paracrine signaling network by which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) drive GIST growth and metastasis. Specifically, CAFs isolated from human tumors were found to produce high levels of platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC), which activated PDGFC-PDGFRA signal transduction in GIST cells that regulated the expression of SLUG, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor and downstream target of PDGFRA signaling. Together, this paracrine induce signal transduction cascade promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, in metastatic GIST patients, SLUG expression positively correlated with tumor size and mitotic index. Given that CAF paracrine signaling modulated GIST biology, we directly targeted CAFs with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, which synergized with imatinib to increase tumor cell killing and in vivo disease response. Taken together, we identified a previously unappreciated cellular target for GIST therapy in order to improve disease control and cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Min Tang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sudeep Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mayra Yebra
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sangkyu Noh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Burgoyne
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jorge De la Torre
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martina De Siena
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico A.Gemelli Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lillian R Klug
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Portland VA Health Care System, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Antonio L Delgado
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Randall P French
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Lowy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald P DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Portland VA Health Care System, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason K Sicklick
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Medapati MR, Singh N, Bhagirath AY, Duan K, Triggs-Raine B, Batista EL, Chelikani P. Bitter taste receptor T2R14 detects quorum sensing molecules from cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and mediates innate immune responses in gingival epithelial cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21375. [PMID: 33559200 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000208r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions play an important role in defining the outcome of a disease. Recent studies have shown that the bacterial quorum sensing molecules (QSM) can interact with host cell membrane proteins, mainly G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and induce innate immune responses. However, few studies have examined QSM-GPCR interactions and their influence on oral innate immune responses. In this study, we examined the role of bitter taste receptor T2R14 in sensing competence stimulating peptides (CSPs) secreted by cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans and in mediating innate immune responses in gingival epithelial cells (GECs). Transcriptomic and western blot analyses identify T2R14 to be highly expressed in GECs. Our data show that only CSP-1 from S. mutans induces robust intracellular calcium mobilization compared to CSP-2 and CSP-3. By using CRISPR-Cas9, we demonstrate that CSP-1 induced calcium signaling and secretion of cytokines CXCL-8/IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 is mediated through T2R14 in GECs. Interestingly, the NF-kB signaling activated by CSP-1 in GECs was independent of T2R14. CSP-1-primed GECs attracted differentiated HL-60 immune cells (dHL-60) and this effect was abolished in T2R14 knock down GECs and also in cells primed with T2R14 antagonist 6-Methoxyflavone (6-MF). Our findings identify S. mutans CSP-1 as a peptide ligand for the T2R family. Our study establishes a novel host-pathogen interaction between cariogenic S. mutans CSP-1 and T2R14 in GECs leading to an innate immune response. Collectively, these findings suggest T2Rs as potential therapeutic targets to modulate innate immune responses upon oral bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Reddy Medapati
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nisha Singh
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anjali Yadav Bhagirath
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kangmin Duan
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eraldo L Batista
- Department of Dental Diagnostic and Clinical Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Samain R, Brunel A, Douché T, Fanjul M, Cassant-Sourdy S, Rochotte J, Cros J, Neuzillet C, Raffenne J, Duluc C, Perraud A, Nigri J, Gigoux V, Bieche I, Ponzo M, Carpentier G, Cascone I, Tomasini R, Schmid HA, Mathonnet M, Nicolle R, Bousquet MP, Martineau Y, Pyronnet S, Jean C, Bousquet C. Pharmacologic Normalization of Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Secretome Impairs Prometastatic Cross-Talk With Macrophages. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1405-1436. [PMID: 33482394 PMCID: PMC8024982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) present high protein synthesis rates. CAFs express the G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptor sst1. The sst1 agonist SOM230 blocks CAF protumoral features in vitro and in immunocompromised mice. We have explored here the therapeutic potential of SOM230, and underlying mechanisms, in immunocompetent models of murine PDA mimicking the heavy fibrotic and immunosuppressive stroma observed in patient tumors. METHODS Large-scale mass spectrometry analyses were performed on media conditioned from 9 patient PDA-derived CAF primary cultures. Spontaneous transgenic and experimental (orthotopic co-graft of tumor cells plus CAFs) PDA-bearing mice were longitudinally ultrasound-monitored for tumor and metastatic progression. Histopathology and flow cytometry analyses were performed on primary tumors and metastases. Stromal signatures were functionally validated through bioinformatics using several published, and 1 original, PDA database. RESULTS Proteomics on the CAF secretome showed that SOM230 controls stromal activities including inflammatory responses. Among the identified secreted proteins, we validated that colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) (a macrophage growth factor) was reduced by SOM230 in the tumor and plasma of PDA-harboring mice, alongside intratumor stromal normalization (reduced CAF and macrophage activities), and dramatic metastasis reduction. In transgenic mice, these SOM230 benefits alleviate the chemotherapy-induced (gemcitabine) immunosuppressive stroma reshaping. Mechanistically, SOM230 acts in vivo on CAFs through sst1 to disrupt prometastatic CAF production of CSF-1 and cross-talk with macrophages. We found that in patients, stromal CSF-1 was associated with aggressive PDA forms. CONCLUSIONS We propose SOM230 as an antimetastatic therapy in PDA for its capacity to remodel the fibrotic and immunosuppressive myeloid stroma. This pharmacotherapy should benefit PDA patients treated with chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Samain
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Brunel
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Douché
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Marjorie Fanjul
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cassant-Sourdy
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Rochotte
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Department of Pathology, Beaujon-Bichat University Hospital–Paris Diderot University, Clichy, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Medical Oncology Department, Curie Institute, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Jérôme Raffenne
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Duluc
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Equipe d'Accueil EA 3842 Laboratory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculties, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jérémy Nigri
- INSERM U1068/UMR 7258 CNRS, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Gigoux
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Ponzo
- Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL-CNRS 9215, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Carpentier
- Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL-CNRS 9215, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Ilaria Cascone
- Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL-CNRS 9215, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- INSERM U1068/UMR 7258 CNRS, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Equipe d'Accueil EA 3842 Laboratory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculties, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Rémy Nicolle
- Programme Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet
- Institute for Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yvan Martineau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Jean
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR-1037, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée ERL5294, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée "Ligue Contre le Cancer" & "LabEx Toucan", Toulouse, France,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Corinne Bousquet, VMD, PhD, INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS53717, 31037 Toulouse Cedex 1, France. fax: (33) (0) 56131-9752.
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Hu Y, Chen M, Wang M, Li X. Flow-mediated vasodilation through mechanosensitive G protein-coupled receptors in endothelial cells. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:61-70. [PMID: 33406458 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation involves three main mechanisms: production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), synthesis of prostanoids by cyclooxygenase, and/or opening of calcium-sensitive potassium channels. Researchers have proposed multiple mechanosensors that may be involved in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels, and intercellular junction proteins, among others. However, GPCRs are considered the major mechanosensors that play a pivotal role in shear stress signal transduction. Among mechanosensitive GPCRs, G protein-coupled receptor 68, histamine H1 receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and bradykinin B2 receptors have been identified as endothelial sensors of flow shear stress regulating flow-mediated vasodilation. Thus, this review aims to expound on the mechanism whereby flow shear stress promotes vasodilation through the proposed mechanosensitive GPCRs in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, NO.238, Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xiucun Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China; Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NO.44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Langer I, Latek D. Drug Repositioning For Allosteric Modulation of VIP and PACAP Receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:711906. [PMID: 34867774 PMCID: PMC8637020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.711906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are two neuropeptides that contribute to the regulation of intestinal motility and secretion, exocrine and endocrine secretions, and homeostasis of the immune system. Their biological effects are mediated by three receptors named VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 that belong to class B GPCRs. VIP and PACAP receptors have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, pharmacological use of endogenous ligands for these receptors is limited by their lack of specificity (PACAP binds with high affinity to VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 receptors while VIP recognizes both VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors), their poor oral bioavailability (VIP and PACAP are 27- to 38-amino acid peptides) and their short half-life. Therefore, the development of non-peptidic small molecules or specific stabilized peptidic ligands is of high interest. Structural similarities between VIP and PACAP receptors are major causes of difficulties in the design of efficient and selective compounds that could be used as therapeutics. In this study we performed structure-based virtual screening against the subset of the ZINC15 drug library. This drug repositioning screen provided new applications for a known drug: ticagrelor, a P2Y12 purinergic receptor antagonist. Ticagrelor inhibits both VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors which was confirmed in VIP-binding and calcium mobilization assays. A following analysis of detailed ticagrelor binding modes to all three VIP and PACAP receptors with molecular dynamics revealed its allosteric mechanism of action. Using a validated homology model of inactive VPAC1 and a recently released cryo-EM structure of active VPAC1 we described how ticagrelor could block conformational changes in the region of 'tyrosine toggle switch' required for the receptor activation. We also discuss possible modifications of ticagrelor comparing other P2Y12 antagonist - cangrelor, closely related to ticagrelor but not active for VPAC1/VPAC2. This comparison with inactive cangrelor could lead to further improvement of the ticagrelor activity and selectivity for VIP and PACAP receptor sub-types.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Binding Sites
- Computer Simulation
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Drug Repositioning/methods
- Molecular Structure
- Protein Conformation/drug effects
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/chemistry
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/drug effects
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/chemistry
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/drug effects
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/chemistry
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/drug effects
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Ticagrelor/chemistry
- Ticagrelor/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Langer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dorota Latek,
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Wang Y, Yu Z, Xiao W, Lu S, Zhang J. Allosteric binding sites at the receptor-lipid bilayer interface: novel targets for GPCR drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:690-703. [PMID: 33301977 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a superfamily of membrane receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have significant roles in human physiological processes, including cell proliferation, metabolism, and neuromodulation. GPCRs are vital targets of therapeutic drugs, and their allosteric regulation represents a novel direction for drug discovery. Given the numerous breakthroughs in structural biology, diverse allosteric sites on GPCRs have been identified within the extracellular and intracellular loops, and the seven core transmembrane helices. However, a unique type of allosteric site has also been discovered at the interface of the receptor-lipid bilayer, similar to the β2-adrenergic receptor. Here, we review recent identifications of these allosteric sites and the detailed modulator-target interactions within the interface for each modulator to highlight the role of lipids in GPCR allosteric drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengtian Yu
- Nutshell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Nutshell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Muralitharan S, Therachiyil L, Sageena G, Al-Naemi H, Haris M, Bhat AA. Exploring Dysregulated Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:429-445. [PMID: 31939726 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115095937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. Unraveling of dysregulated signaling pathways may advance the understanding of tumor pathophysiology and lead to the improvement of targeted tumor therapy. In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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48
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Cosín-Roger J, Ortiz-Masia D, Barrachina MD, Calatayud S. Metabolite Sensing GPCRs: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment? Cells 2020; 9:cells9112345. [PMID: 33113952 PMCID: PMC7690732 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors constitute the most diverse and largest receptor family in the human genome, with approximately 800 different members identified. Given the well-known metabolic alterations in cancer development, we will focus specifically in the 19 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which can be selectively activated by metabolites. These metabolite sensing GPCRs control crucial processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival after their activation. In the present review, we will describe the main functions of these metabolite sensing GPCRs and shed light on the benefits of their potential use as possible pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963851234
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masia
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maria Dolores Barrachina
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
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49
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Huang XP, Kenakin TP, Gu S, Shoichet BK, Roth BL. Differential Roles of Extracellular Histidine Residues of GPR68 for Proton-Sensing and Allosteric Modulation by Divalent Metal Ions. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3594-3614. [PMID: 32865988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GPR68, an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, senses protons, couples to multiple G-proteins, and is also activated or inhibited by divalent metal ions. It has seven extracellular histidine residues, although it is not clear how these histidine residues play a role in both proton-sensing and metal ion modulation. Here we demonstrate that divalent metal ions are allosteric modulators that can activate or inhibit proton activity in a concentration- and pH-dependent manner. We then show that single histidine mutants have differential and varying degrees of effects on proton-sensing and metal ion modulation. Some histidine residues play dual roles in proton-sensing and metal ion modulation, while others are important in one or the other but not both. Two extracellular disulfide bonds are predicted to constrain histidine residues to be spatially close to each other. Combining histidine mutations leads to reduced proton activity and resistance to metal ion modulation, while breaking the less conserved disulfide bond results in a more severe reduction in proton-sensing over metal modulation. The small-molecule positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) ogerin and lorazepam are not affected by these mutations and remain active at mutants with severely reduced proton activity or are resistant to metal ion modulation. These results suggest GPR68 possesses two independent allosteric modulation systems, one through interaction with divalent metal ions at the extracellular surface and another through small-molecule PAMs in the transmembrane domains. A new GPR68 model is developed to accommodate the findings which could serve as a template for further studies and ligand discovery by virtual ligand docking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuo Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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50
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Du B, Zhou Y, Yi X, Zhao T, Tang C, Shen T, Zhou K, Wei H, Xu S, Dong J, Qu L, He H, Zhou W. Identification of Immune-Related Cells and Genes in Tumor Microenvironment of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1770. [PMID: 33014871 PMCID: PMC7493752 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common tumors in the urinary system. Progression in immunotherapy has provided novel options for the ccRCC treatment. However, the understanding of the ccRCC microenvironment and the potential therapeutic targets in the microenvironment is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile of ccRCC tumors from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and calculated the abundance ratios of immune cells for each sample. Then, seven types of immune cells were found to be correlated to overall survival, and 3863 immune-related genes were identified by analyzing differentially expressed genes. We also found that the function of immune-related genes was mainly focused on ligand-receptor binding and signaling pathway transductions. Additionally, we identified 13 hub genes by analyzing the protein-protein interaction network, and seven of them are related to overall survival. Our study not only expands the understanding of fundamental biological features of microenvironment but also provides potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Du
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yi
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangliang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaopeng Tang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyi Shen
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixian Wei
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haowei He
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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