1
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Zhang M, Liang C, Chen X, Cai Y, Cui L. Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1718-1727. [PMID: 38103237 PMCID: PMC10960290 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, among the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. At present, the Alzheimer's disease main risk remains genetic risks, but major environmental factors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer's disease development and progression. Microglia, the most important brain immune cells, play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle "sensors." Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles (e.g., chronic stress, poor dietary habits, sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders) can cause neuroinflammatory responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these factors and microglia in Alzheimer's disease are unclear. Herein, we: discuss the biological effects of air pollution, chronic stress, gut microbiota, sleep patterns, physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption on microglia; consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease; and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle. Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk factors at an early Alzheimer's disease stage, understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease development, and targeting strategies to target microglia, could be essential to future Alzheimer's disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Jaquez-Durán G, Arellano-Ortiz AL. Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:405-421. [PMID: 38009780 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Jaquez-Durán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ana Lidia Arellano-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
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3
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Warren A, Nyavor Y, Zarabian N, Mahoney A, Frame LA. The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365673. [PMID: 38817603 PMCID: PMC11137262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models to human studies. Findings support the dynamic relationships between the gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within an ecosystem (host) and its intersection with the host immune and nervous systems. Adding this to the effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates and strengthens the response. At the heart is inflammation, which manifests in a variety of pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, the research to date is limited and has focused on bacteria, likely due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of 16s rRNA sequencing, despite its lower resolution and inability to determine functional ability/alterations. However, this omits all other microbiota including fungi, viruses, and phages, which are emerging as key members of the human microbiome. Much of the research has been done in pre-clinical models and/or in small human studies in more developed parts of the world. The relationships observed are promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at this time. Specifically, causal relationships cannot be determined currently. More research has been done in Alzheimer's disease, followed by Parkinson's disease, and then little in MS. The data for MS is encouraging despite this. Conclusions and relevance While the research is still nascent, the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface may be a missing link, which has hampered our progress on understanding, let alone preventing, managing, or putting into remission neurodegenerative diseases. Relationships must first be established in humans, as animal models have been shown to poorly translate to complex human physiology and environments, especially when investigating the human gut microbiome and its relationships where animal models are often overly simplistic. Only then can robust research be conducted in humans and using mechanistic model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yvonne Nyavor
- Department of Biotechnology, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Nikkia Zarabian
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aidan Mahoney
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Undergraduate College, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Leigh A. Frame
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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4
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Hayes AMR, Lauer LT, Kao AE, Sun S, Klug ME, Tsan L, Rea JJ, Subramanian KS, Gu C, Tanios N, Ahuja A, Donohue KN, Décarie-Spain L, Fodor AA, Kanoski SE. Western diet consumption impairs memory function via dysregulated hippocampus acetylcholine signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:408-422. [PMID: 38461956 PMCID: PMC11033683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD) consumption during early life developmental periods is associated with impaired memory function, particularly for hippocampus (HPC)-dependent processes. We developed an early life WD rodent model associated with long-lasting HPC dysfunction to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms mediating these effects. Rats received either a cafeteria-style WD (ad libitum access to various high-fat/high-sugar foods; CAF) or standard healthy chow (CTL) during the juvenile and adolescent stages (postnatal days 26-56). Behavioral and metabolic assessments were performed both before and after a healthy diet intervention period beginning at early adulthood. Results revealed HPC-dependent contextual episodic memory impairments in CAF rats that persisted despite the healthy diet intervention. Given that dysregulated HPC acetylcholine (ACh) signaling is associated with memory impairments in humans and animal models, we examined protein markers of ACh tone in the dorsal HPC (HPCd) in CAF and CTL rats. Results revealed significantly lower protein levels of vesicular ACh transporter in the HPCd of CAF vs. CTL rats, indicating chronically reduced ACh tone. Using intensity-based ACh sensing fluorescent reporter (iAChSnFr) in vivo fiber photometry targeting the HPCd, we next revealed that ACh release during object-contextual novelty recognition was highly predictive of memory performance and was disrupted in CAF vs. CTL rats. Neuropharmacological results showed that alpha 7 nicotinic ACh receptor agonist infusion in the HPCd during training rescued memory deficits in CAF rats. Overall, these findings reveal a functional connection linking early life WD intake with long-lasting dysregulation of HPC ACh signaling, thereby identifying an underlying mechanism for WD-associated memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alicia E Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Molly E Klug
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Tsan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica J Rea
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keshav S Subramanian
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Gu
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Tanios
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Ahuja
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristen N Donohue
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Warren A. The relationship between gender differences in dietary habits, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1395825. [PMID: 38694261 PMCID: PMC11061392 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1395825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive decline is one of the foremost dire issues in medicine today. The mechanisms by which dementia pathogenesis ensues are complicated and multifactorial, particularly in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One irrefutable, yet unexplained factor is the gender disparity in AD, in which women are disproportionately affected by AD, both in the rate and severity of the disease. Examining the multifaceted contributing causes along with unique gender dynamics in modifiable risk factors, such as diet, may lend some insight into why this disparity exists and potential paths forward. The aim of this brief narrative review is to summarize the current literature of gender differences in dietary habits and how they may relate to neuroinflammatory states that contribute to AD pathogenesis. As such, the interplay between diet, hormones, and inflammation will be discussed, along with potential interventions to inform care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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6
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Cai L, Zhu H, Mou Q, Wong PY, Lan L, Ng CWK, Lei P, Cheung MK, Wang D, Wong EWY, Lau EHL, Yeung ZWC, Lai R, Meehan K, Fung S, Chan KCA, Lui VWY, Cheng ASL, Yu J, Chan PKS, Chan JYK, Chen Z. Integrative analysis reveals associations between oral microbiota dysbiosis and host genetic and epigenetic aberrations in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:39. [PMID: 38589501 PMCID: PMC11001959 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the human oral microbiota has been reported to be associated with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) while the host-microbiota interactions with respect to the potential impact of pathogenic bacteria on host genomic and epigenomic abnormalities remain poorly studied. In this study, the mucosal bacterial community, host genome-wide transcriptome and DNA CpG methylation were simultaneously profiled in tumors and their adjacent normal tissues of OSCC patients. Significant enrichment in the relative abundance of seven bacteria species (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema medium, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Gemella morbillorum, Catonella morbi, Peptoanaerobacter yurli and Peptococcus simiae) were observed in OSCC tumor microenvironment. These tumor-enriched bacteria formed 254 positive correlations with 206 up-regulated host genes, mainly involving signaling pathways related to cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Integrative analysis of bacteria-transcriptome and bacteria-methylation correlations identified at least 20 dysregulated host genes with inverted CpG methylation in their promoter regions associated with enrichment of bacterial pathogens, implying a potential of pathogenic bacteria to regulate gene expression, in part, through epigenetic alterations. An in vitro model further confirmed that Fusobacterium nucleatum might contribute to cellular invasion via crosstalk with E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling, TNFα/NF-κB pathway and extracellular matrix remodeling by up-regulating SNAI2 gene, a key transcription factor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our work using multi-omics approaches explored complex host-microbiota interactions and provided important insights into genetic and functional basis in OSCC tumorigenesis, which may serve as a precursor for hypothesis-driven study to better understand the causational relationship of pathogenic bacteria in this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hengyan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qianqian Mou
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Po Yee Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linlin Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cherrie W K Ng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pu Lei
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Kit Cheung
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daijuanru Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eddy W Y Wong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric H L Lau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zenon W C Yeung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherwood Fung
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan Chee A Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivian W Y Lui
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Y K Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Ye D, He J, He X. The role of bile acid receptor TGR5 in regulating inflammatory signalling. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13361. [PMID: 38307496 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a bile acid receptor, and its role in regulating metabolism after binding with bile acids has been established. Since the immune response depends on metabolism to provide biomolecules and energy to cope with challenging conditions, emerging evidence reveals the regulatory effects of TGR5 on the immune response. An in-depth understanding of the effect of TGR5 on immune regulation can help us disentangle the interaction of metabolism and immune response, accelerating the development of TGR5 as a therapeutic target. Herein, we reviewed more than 200 articles published in the last 20 years in PubMed, to discuss the roles of TGR5 in regulating inflammatory response, the molecular mechanism, as well as existing problems. Particularly, its anti-inflammation effect is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiao Ye
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiayao He
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofei He
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Disease of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Shafer CC, Di Lucente J, Mendiola UR, Maezawa I, Jin LW, Neumann EK. Effects of Sex and Western Diet on Spatial Lipidomic Profiles for the Hippocampus, Cortex, and Corpus Callosum in Mice Using MALDI MSI. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 38456419 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Diet is inextricably linked to human health and biological functionality. Reduced cognitive function among other health issues has been correlated with a western diet (WD) in mouse models, indicating that increases in neurodegeneration could be fueled in part by a poor diet. In this study, we use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) to spatially map the lipidomic profiles of male and female mice that were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose WD for a period of 7 weeks. Our findings concluded that the cortex and corpus callosum showed significant lipid variation by WD in female mice, while there was little to no variation in the hippocampus, regardless of sex. On the other hand, lipid profiles were significantly affected by sex in all regions. Overall, 83 lipids were putatively identified in the mouse brain; among them, HexCer(40:1;O3) and PE(34:0) were found to have the largest statistical difference based on diet for female mice in the cortex and corpus callosum, respectively. Additional lipid changes are noted and can serve as a metric for understanding the brain's metabolomic response to changes in diet, particularly as it relates to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catelynn C Shafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis. Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jacopo Di Lucente
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Ulises Ruiz Mendiola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Elizabeth K Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis. Davis, California 95616, United States
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9
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Rosell-Díaz M, Fernández-Real JM. Metformin, Cognitive Function, and Changes in the Gut Microbiome. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:210-226. [PMID: 37603460 PMCID: PMC10911951 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The decline in cognitive function and the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders are among the most serious threats to health in old age. The prevalence of dementia has reached 50 million people worldwide and has become a major public health problem. The causes of age-related cognitive impairment are multiple, complex, and difficult to determine. However, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to an enhanced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Human studies have shown that patients with T2D exhibit dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This dysbiosis may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations. Metformin medication mimics some of the benefits of calorie restriction and physical activity, such as greater insulin sensitivity and decreased cholesterol levels, and hence may also have a positive impact on aging in humans. According to recent human investigations, metformin might partially restore gut dysbiosis related to T2D. Likewise, some studies showed that metformin reduced the risk of dementia and improved cognition, although not all studies are concordant. Therefore, this review focused on those human studies describing the effects of metformin on the gut microbiome (specifically the changes in taxonomy, function, and circulating metabolomics), the changes in cognitive function, and their possible bidirectional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisel Rosell-Díaz
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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10
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He X, Gao X, Hong Y, Zhong J, Li Y, Zhu W, Ma J, Huang W, Li Y, Li Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Bao Y, Pan L, Zheng N, Sheng L, Li H. High Fat Diet and High Sucrose Intake Divergently Induce Dysregulation of Glucose Homeostasis through Distinct Gut Microbiota-Derived Bile Acid Metabolism in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:230-244. [PMID: 38079533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A high calorie diet such as excessive fat and sucrose intake is always accompanied by impaired glucose homeostasis such as T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). However, it remains unclear how fat and sucrose individually affect host glucose metabolism. In this study, mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) or 30% sucrose in drinking water (HSD) for 24 weeks, and glucose metabolism, gut microbiota composition, as well as bile acid (BA) profile were investigated. In addition, the functional changes of HFD or HSD-induced gut microbiota were further verified by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and ex vivo culture of gut bacteria with BAs. Our results showed that both HFD and HSD caused dysregulated lipid metabolism, while HFD feeding had a more severe effect on impaired glucose homeostasis, accompanied by reduced hyocholic acid (HCA) levels in all studied tissues. Meanwhile, HFD had a more dramatic influence on composition and function of gut microbiota based on α diversity indices, β diversity analysis, as well as the abundance of secondary BA producers than HSD. In addition, the phenotypes of impaired glucose homeostasis and less formation of HCA caused by HFD can be transferred to recipient mice by FMT. Ex vivo culture with gut bacteria and BAs revealed HFD-altered gut bacteria produced less HCA than HSD, which might closely associate with reduced relative abundance of C7 epimerase-coding bacteria g_norank/unclassified_f_Eggerthellaceae and bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in HFD group. Our findings revealed that the divergent effects of different high-calorie diets on glucose metabolism may be due to the gut microbiota-mediated generation and metabolism of BAs, highlighting the importance of dietary management in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiyang Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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11
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Chen Y, Li Y, Fan Y, Chen S, Chen L, Chen Y, Chen Y. Gut microbiota-driven metabolic alterations reveal gut-brain communication in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2302310. [PMID: 38261437 PMCID: PMC10807476 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2302310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites affect the host nervous system and are involved in the pathogeneses of various neurological diseases. However, the specific GM alterations under pathogenetic pressure and their contributions to the "microbiota - metabolite - brain axis" in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the GM and the fecal, serum, cortical metabolomes in APP/PS1 and wild-type (WT) mice, revealing distinct hub bacteria in AD mice within scale-free GM networks shared by both groups. Moreover, we identified diverse peripheral - central metabolic landscapes between AD and WT mice that featured bile acids (e.g. deoxycholic and isodeoxycholic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. 11Z-eicosenoic and palmitoleic acid). Machine-learning models revealed the relationships between the differential/hub bacteria and these metabolic signatures from the periphery to the brain. Notably, AD-enriched Dubosiella affected AD occurrence via cortical palmitoleic acid and vice versa. Considering the transgenic background of the AD mice, we propose that Dubosiella enrichment impedes AD progression via the synthesis of palmitoleic acid, which has protective properties against inflammation and metabolic disorders. We identified another association involving fecal deoxycholic acid-mediated interactions between the AD hub bacteria Erysipelatoclostridium and AD occurrence, which was corroborated by the correlation between deoxycholate levels and cognitive scores in humans. Overall, this study elucidated the GM network alterations, contributions of the GM to peripheral - central metabolic landscapes, and mediatory roles of metabolites between the GM and AD occurrence, thus revealing the critical roles of bacteria in AD pathogenesis and gut - brain communications under pathogenetic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinhu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Zhang F, Deng Y, Wang H, Fu J, Wu G, Duan Z, Zhang X, Cai Y, Zhou H, Yin J, He Y. Gut microbiota-mediated ursodeoxycholic acids regulate the inflammation of microglia through TGR5 signaling after MCAO. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:667-679. [PMID: 37989444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has been demonstrated to cause an imbalance of gut microbiota. However, the change in gut microbiota-mediated bile acids (BAs) metabolites remains unclear. Here, we observed a decrease in gut microbiota-mediated BAs, especially ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), in the serum of stroke patients as well as in the intestine, serum and brain of stroke mice. Restoration of UDCA could decrease the area of infarction and improve the neurological function and cognitive function in mice in association with inhibition of NLRP3-related pro-inflammatory cytokines through TGR5/PKA pathway. Furthermore, knocking out TGR5 and inhibiting PKA activity reduce the protective effect of UDCA. Taken together, our results suggest that microbiota-mediated UDCA plays an important role in alleviating inflammatory responses and might be a promising therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Yiting Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huidi Wang
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China
| | - Jingxiang Fu
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China
| | - Zhuo Duan
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China
| | - Xiru Zhang
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China
| | - Yijia Cai
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510033, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510033, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China.
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13
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Gilbert MC, Setayesh T, Wan YJY. The contributions of bacteria metabolites to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. LIVER RESEARCH 2023; 7:296-303. [PMID: 38221945 PMCID: PMC10786625 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 20% of mortality during acute liver failure is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Thus, HE is a complication of acute liver failure with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. HE is caused by the diversion of portal blood into systemic circulation through portosystemic collateral vessels. Thus, the brain is exposed to intestinal-derived toxic substances. Moreover, the strategies to prevent advancement and improve the prognosis of such a liver-brain disease rely on intestinal microbial modulation. This is supported by the findings that antibiotics such as rifaximin and laxative lactulose can alleviate hepatic cirrhosis and/or prevent HE. Together, the significance of the gut-liver-brain axis in human health warrants attention. This review paper focuses on the roles of bacteria metabolites, mainly ammonia and bile acids (BAs) as well as BA receptors in HE. The literature search conducted for this review included searches for phrases such as BA receptors, BAs, ammonia, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1 or TGR5), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and cirrhosis in conjunction with the phrase hepatic encephalopathy and portosystemic encephalopathy. PubMed, as well as Google Scholar, was the search engines used to find relevant publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Claire Gilbert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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14
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Liu Y, Yang W, Xue J, Chen J, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Gu X, Dong Y, Qiu P. Neuroinflammation: The central enabler of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115582. [PMID: 37748409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is on the rise owing to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an overall aging population. As a complication of anesthesia and surgery, older patients frequently suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which may persist for weeks, months or even longer. POCD is a complex pathological process involving multiple pathogenic factors, and its mechanism is yet unclear. Potential theories include inflammation, deposition of pathogenic proteins, imbalance of neurotransmitters, and chronic stress. The identification, prevention, and treatment of POCD are still in the exploratory stages owing to the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria. Undoubtedly, comprehending the development of POCD remains crucial in overcoming the illness. Neuroinflammation is the leading hypothesis and a crucial component of the pathological network of POCD and may have complex interactions with other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the possible ways in which surgery and anesthesia cause neuroinflammation and investigate the connection between neuroinflammation and the development of POCD. Understanding these mechanisms may likely ensure that future treatment options of POCD are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Juntong Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Youjing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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15
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Wang R, Sun Y, Wang M, Li H, Liu S, Liu Z. Therapeutic effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. leaves on ischemic stroke via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4801-4818. [PMID: 37518502 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. leaves (ESL) are widely used to treat ischemic stroke (IS); however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in IS and has become a potential therapeutic target. This study aimed to reveal and verify the therapeutic effect of ESL on IS through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based untargeted/targeted metabolomics combined with 16S rRNA microbiota sequencing strategy were used to investigate the regulatory effect of ESL on the metabolism and intestinal microenvironment after IS. Lactobacillus reuteri and Clostridium butyricum were used to treat rats with IS to verify that elevated levels of probiotics are key factors in the therapeutic effect of ESL. The results showed that IS significantly altered the accumulation of 41 biomarkers, while ESL restored their concentrations back to normal. Moreover, ESL alleviated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota brought on by IS, by reducing the abundance of pathogens and increasing the abundance of probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus reuteri and Clostridium butyricum); this could reduce post-stroke injury, thereby having a certain protective effect on IS. This study reveals that ESL plays an important role in treating IS through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, maintaining metabolic homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhen Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiyuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Huang F, Mariani N, Pariante CM, Borsini A. From dried bear bile to molecular investigation of differential effects of bile acids in ex vivo and in vitro models of myocardial dysfunction: Relevance for neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 32:100674. [PMID: 37593199 PMCID: PMC10430170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have been known to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on heart function, and as a consequence this can affect the brain. Inflammation is a key factor linking the heart and the brain, bile acids can reduce inflammation in the heart and, as a consequence, neuroinflammation, which may be due to the activation of different peripheral and central cellular and molecular mechanisms. Herein, we compile data published so far and summarise evidence demonstrating the effects of bile acids on myocardial cell viability and function, and its related mechanisms, in ex vivo and in vitro studies conducted in homeostatic state or in models of cardiovascular diseases. Studies show that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) do not affect the viability or contraction of cardiomyocytes in homeostatic state, and while UDCA has the capability to prevent the effect of hypoxia on reduced cell viability and beating rate, TUDCA can protect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis and cardiac contractile dysfunction. In contrast, deoxycholic acid (DCA) decreases contraction rate in homeostatic state, but it also prevents hypoxia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, whereas lithocholic acid (LCA) can rescue doxazosin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) decrease contraction, whereas CDCA decreases cell viability in homeostatic conditions. The mechanisms underlying the aforementioned contrasting effects involve a differential regulation of the TGR5, M2R and FXR receptors, as well as the cAMP signalling pathway. Overall, this review confirms the therapeutic potential of certain types of bile acids: UDCA, TUDCA, and potentially LCA, in cardiovascular diseases. By reducing inflammation in the heart, bile acids can improve heart-brain communication and promote overall health. Additional investigations are required to better elucidate mechanisms of action and more personalized clinical therapeutic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Nicole Mariani
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
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17
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Cinquina V, Keimpema E, Pollak DD, Harkany T. Adverse effects of gestational ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid imbalance on the programming of fetal brain development. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13320. [PMID: 37497857 PMCID: PMC10909496 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a key medical challenge of our time. The increasing number of children born to overweight or obese women is alarming. During pregnancy, the circulation of the mother and her fetus interact to maintain the uninterrupted availability of essential nutrients for fetal organ development. In doing so, the mother's dietary preference determines the amount and composition of nutrients reaching the fetus. In particular, the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), chiefly their ω-3 and ω-6 subclasses, can change when pregnant women choose a specific diet. Here, we provide a succinct overview of PUFA biochemistry, including exchange routes between ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs, the phenotypes, and probable neurodevelopmental disease associations of offspring born to mothers consuming specific PUFAs, and their mechanistic study in experimental models to typify signaling pathways, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms by which PUFAs can imprint long-lasting modifications to brain structure and function. We emphasize that the ratio, rather than the amount of individual ω-3 or ω-6 PUFAs, might underpin physiologically correct cellular differentiation programs, be these for neurons or glia, during pregnancy. Thereupon, the PUFA-driven programming of the brain is contextualized for childhood obesity, metabolic, and endocrine illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cinquina
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniela D. Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Deaprtment of NeuroscienceBiomedicum 7D, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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18
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Mezhibovsky E, Tveter KM, Villa-Rodriguez JA, Bacalia K, Kshatriya D, Desai N, Cabales A, Wu Y, Sui K, Duran RM, Bello NT, Roopchand DE. Grape Polyphenols May Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Dampening of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Male Mice. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad095. [PMID: 37538101 PMCID: PMC10396072 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obesity associated with retention of bile acids (BAs) that suppress important regulatory axes, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). HFD impairs nutrient sensing and energy balance due to a dampening of the HPAA and reduced production and peripheral metabolism of corticosterone (CORT). Objective We assessed whether proanthocyanidin-rich grape polyphenol (GP) extract can prevent HFD-induced energy imbalance and HPAA dysregulation. Methods Male C57BL6/J mice were fed HFD or HFD supplemented with 0.5% w/w GPs (HFD-GP) for 17 weeks. Results GP supplementation reduced body weight gain and liver fat while increasing circadian rhythms of energy expenditure and HPAA-regulating hormones, CORT, leptin, and PYY. GP-induced improvements were accompanied by reduced mRNA levels of Il6, Il1b, and Tnfa in ileal or hepatic tissues and lower cecal abundance of Firmicutes, including known BA metabolizers. GP-supplemented mice had lower concentrations of circulating BAs, including hydrophobic and HPAA-inhibiting BAs, but higher cecal levels of taurine-conjugated BAs antagonistic to farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Compared with HFD-fed mice, GP-supplemented mice had increased mRNA levels of hepatic Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1, suggesting reduced FXR activation and more BA synthesis. GP-supplemented mice also had reduced hepatic Abcc3 and ileal Ibabp and Ostβ, indicative of less BA transfer into enterocytes and circulation. Relative to HFD-fed mice, CORT and BA metabolizing enzymes (Akr1d1 and Srd5a1) were increased, and Hsd11b1 was decreased in GP supplemented mice. Conclusion GPs may attenuate HFD-induced weight gain by improving hormonal control of the HPAA and inducing a BA profile with less cytotoxicity and HPAA inhibition, but greater FXR antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mezhibovsky
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kevin M Tveter
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jose A Villa-Rodriguez
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Karen Bacalia
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Dushyant Kshatriya
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nikhil Desai
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Alrick Cabales
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ke Sui
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Rocio M Duran
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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19
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Post Z, Manfready RA, Keshavarzian A. Overview of the Gut-Brain Axis: From Gut to Brain and Back Again. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:506-517. [PMID: 37562457 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis refers to a bidirectional communication pathway linking the gastrointestinal system to the central nervous system. The hardware of this multifaceted pathway takes many forms, at once structural (neurons, microglia, intestinal epithelial cell barrier), chemical (neurotransmitters, enteroendocrine hormones, bacterial metabolites), and cellular (immune signaling, inflammatory pathways). The gut-brain axis is exquisitely influenced by our environment, diet, and behaviors. Here, we will describe recent progress in understanding the gut-brain axis in neurological disease, using Parkinson's disease as a guide. We will see that each component of the gut-brain axis is heavily mediated by intestinal microbiota and learn how gut-brain communication can go awry in microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Post
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard A Manfready
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Departments of Physiology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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20
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Yang G, Liu R, Rezaei S, Liu X, Wan YJY. Uncovering the Gut-Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3406. [PMID: 37571345 PMCID: PMC10421148 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD) intake, aging, and inactivation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are risk factors for metabolic and chronic inflammation-related health issues ranging from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to dementia. The progression of MASLD can be escalated when those risks are combined. Inactivation of FXR, the receptor for bile acid (BA), is cancer prone in both humans and mice. The current study used multi-omics including hepatic transcripts, liver, serum, and urine metabolites, hepatic BAs, as well as gut microbiota from mouse models to classify those risks using machine learning. A linear support vector machine with K-fold cross-validation was used for classification and feature selection. We have identified that increased urine sucrose alone achieved 91% accuracy in predicting WD intake. Hepatic lithocholic acid and serum pyruvate had 100% and 95% accuracy, respectively, to classify age. Urine metabolites (decreased creatinine and taurine as well as increased succinate) or increased gut bacteria (Dorea, Dehalobacterium, and Oscillospira) could predict FXR deactivation with greater than 90% accuracy. Human disease relevance is partly revealed using the metabolite-disease interaction network. Transcriptomics data were also compared with the human liver disease datasets. WD-reduced hepatic Cyp39a1 (cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily a member 1) and increased Gramd1b (GRAM domain containing 1B) were also changed in human liver cancer and metabolic liver disease, respectively. Together, our data contribute to the identification of noninvasive biomarkers within the gut-liver axis to predict metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Rex Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Shahbaz Rezaei
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
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21
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Song Z, Song R, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang X. Effects of ultra-processed foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis: The bread-and-butter issue. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112730. [PMID: 37087282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The topic of gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis has become the forefront of research and reports in the past few years. The gut microbiota is a dynamic interface between the environment, food, and the host, reflecting the health status as well as maintaining normal physiological metabolism. Modern ultra-processed foods (UPF) contain large quantities of saturated and trans fat, added sugar, salt, and food additives that seriously affect the gut and physical health. In addition, these unhealthy components directly cause changes in gut microbiota functions and microbial metabolism, subsequently having the potential to impact the neural network. This paper reviews an overview of the link between UPF ingredients and the MGB axis. Considerable studies have examined that high intake of trans fat, added sugar and salt have deleterious effects on gut and brain functions, but relatively less focus has been placed on the impact of food additives on the MGB axis. Data from several studies suggest that food additives might be linked to metabolic diseases and inflammation. They may also alter the gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites, which potentially affect cognition and behavior. Therefore, we emphasize that food additives including emulsifiers, artificial sweeteners, colorants, and preservatives interact with the gut microbiota and their possible effects on altering the brain and behavior based on the latest research. Future studies should further investigate whether gut dysbiosis mediates the effect of UPF on brain diseases and behavior. This thesis here sheds new light on future research pointing to the potentially detrimental effects of processed food consumption on brain health.
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22
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Ehtezazi T, Rahman K, Davies R, Leach AG. The Pathological Effects of Circulating Hydrophobic Bile Acids in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:173-211. [PMID: 36994114 PMCID: PMC10041467 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have revealed that the serum levels of toxic hydrophobic bile acids (deoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid [LCA], and glycoursodeoxycholic acid) are significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) when compared to control subjects. The elevated serum bile acids may be the result of hepatic peroxisomal dysfunction. Circulating hydrophobic bile acids are able to disrupt the blood-brain barrier and promote the formation of amyloid-β plaques through enhancing the oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid. Hydrophobic bile acid may find their ways into the neurons via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. It has been shown that hydrophobic bile acids impose their pathological effects by activating farnesoid X receptor and suppressing bile acid synthesis in the brain, blocking NMDA receptors, lowering brain oxysterol levels, and interfering with 17β-estradiol actions such as LCA by binding to E2 receptors (molecular modelling data exclusive to this paper). Hydrophobic bile acids may interfere with the sonic hedgehog signaling through alteration of cell membrane rafts and reducing brain 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol. This article will 1) analyze the pathological roles of circulating hydrophobic bile acids in the brain, 2) propose therapeutic approaches, and 3) conclude that consideration be given to reducing/monitoring toxic bile acid levels in patients with AD or aMCI, prior/in combination with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhys Davies
- The Walton Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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23
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Vinogradov S, Chafee MV, Lee E, Morishita H. Psychosis spectrum illnesses as disorders of prefrontal critical period plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:168-185. [PMID: 36180784 PMCID: PMC9700720 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research on neuroplasticity processes in psychosis spectrum illnesses-from the synaptic to the macrocircuit levels-fill key gaps in our models of pathophysiology and open up important treatment considerations. In this selective narrative review, we focus on three themes, emphasizing alterations in spike-timing dependent and Hebbian plasticity that occur during adolescence, the critical period for prefrontal system development: (1) Experience-dependent dysplasticity in psychosis emerges from activity decorrelation within neuronal ensembles. (2) Plasticity processes operate bidirectionally: deleterious environmental and experiential inputs shape microcircuits. (3) Dysregulated plasticity processes interact across levels of scale and time and include compensatory mechanisms that have pathogenic importance. We present evidence that-given the centrality of progressive dysplastic changes, especially in prefrontal cortex-pharmacologic or neuromodulatory interventions will need to be supplemented by corrective learning experiences for the brain if we are to help people living with these illnesses to fully thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Matthew V Chafee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erik Lee
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, & Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Asbjornsdottir B, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, Konno T, Cetinbas M, Lan J, Sadreyev RI, Gudmundsson LS, Gottfredsson M, Lauth B, Birgisdottir BE, Fasano A. Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010091. [PMID: 36672598 PMCID: PMC9855927 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) involves bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine/neuroimmune systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and enteric nervous system (ENS). The intestinal microbiota can influence host physiology and pathology. Dysbiosis involves the loss of beneficial microbial input or signal, diversity, and expansion of pathobionts, which can lead to loss of barrier function and increased intestinal permeability (IP). Colostrum, the first milk from mammals after birth, is a natural source of nutrients and is rich in oligosaccharides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and anti-microbial components. The aim of this study was to investigate if bovine colostrum (BC) administration might modulate intestinal microbiota and, in turn, behavior in two mouse models, wild-type (WT) and Zonulin transgenic (Ztm)-the latter of which is characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and mild hyperactivity-and to compare with control mice. Bioinformatics analysis of the microbiome showed that consumption of BC was associated with increased taxonomy abundance (p = 0.001) and diversity (p = 0.004) of potentially beneficial species in WT mice and shifted dysbiotic microbial community towards eubiosis in Ztm mice (p = 0.001). BC induced an anxiolytic effect in WT female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.0003), and it reduced anxiogenic behavior in Ztm female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.001), as well as in Ztm male mice compared with WT BC male mice (p = 0.03). As evidenced in MGBA interactions, BC supplementation may well be applied for prophylactic approaches in the future. Further research is needed to explore human interdependencies between intestinal microbiota, including eubiosis and pathobionts, and neuroinflammation, and the potential value of BC for human use. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Birna Asbjornsdottir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Larus S. Gudmundsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertrand Lauth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02152, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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25
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Fiaschini N, Mancuso M, Tanori M, Colantoni E, Vitali R, Diretto G, Lorenzo Rebenaque L, Stronati L, Negroni A. Liver Steatosis and Steatohepatitis Alter Bile Acid Receptors in Brain and Induce Neuroinflammation: A Contribution of Circulating Bile Acids and Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214254. [PMID: 36430732 PMCID: PMC9697805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight relationship between gut-liver diseases and brain functions has recently emerged. Bile acid (BA) receptors, bacterial-derived molecules and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) play key roles in this association. This study was aimed to evaluate how non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) impact the BA receptors Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) expression in the brain and to correlate these effects with circulating BAs composition, BBB integrity and neuroinflammation. A mouse model of NAFLD was set up by a high-fat and sugar diet, and NASH was induced with the supplementation of dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS) in drinking water. FXR, TGR5 and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression in the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry, while Zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Occludin and Plasmalemmal Vesicle Associated Protein-1 (PV-1) were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Biochemical analyses investigated serum BA composition, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and S100β protein (S100β) levels. Results showed a down-regulation of FXR in NASH and an up-regulation of TGR5 and Iba-1 in the cortex and hippocampus in both treated groups as compared to the control group. The BA composition was altered in the serum of both treated groups, and LBP and S100β were significantly augmented in NASH. ZO-1 and Occludin were attenuated in the brain capillary endothelial cells of both treated groups versus the control group. We demonstrated that NAFLD and NASH provoke different grades of brain dysfunction, which are characterized by the altered expression of BA receptors, FXR and TGR5, and activation of microglia. These effects are somewhat promoted by a modification of circulating BAs composition and by an increase in LBP that concur to damage BBB, thus favoring neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Fiaschini
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Tanori
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Colantoni
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Vitali
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lorenzo Rebenaque
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Negroni
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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26
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Yin Y, Guo Q, Zhou X, Duan Y, Yang Y, Gong S, Han M, Liu Y, Yang Z, Chen Q, Li F. Role of brain-gut-muscle axis in human health and energy homeostasis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:947033. [PMID: 36276808 PMCID: PMC9582522 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between brain, gut and skeletal muscle plays a key role in energy homeostasis of the body, and is becoming a hot topic of research. Intestinal microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites, communicate with the central nervous system (CNS) by binding to their receptors. In fact, there is a cross-talk between the CNS and the gut. The CNS, under the stimulation of pressure, will also affect the stability of the intestinal system, including the local intestinal transport, secretion and permeability of the intestinal system. After the gastrointestinal tract collects information about food absorption, it sends signals to the central system through vagus nerve and other channels to stimulate the secretion of brain-gut peptide and produce feeding behavior, which is also an important part of maintaining energy homeostasis. Skeletal muscle has receptors for SCFAs and BAs. Therefore, intestinal microbiota can participate in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and muscle fiber conversion through their metabolites. Skeletal muscles can also communicate with the gut system during exercise. Under the stimulation of exercise, myokines secreted by skeletal muscle causes the secretion of intestinal hormones, and these hormones can act on the central system and affect food intake. The idea of the brain-gut-muscle axis is gradually being confirmed, and at present it is important for regulating energy homeostasis, which also seems to be relevant to human health. This article focuses on the interaction of intestinal microbiota, central nervous, skeletal muscle energy metabolism, and feeding behavior regulation, which will provide new insight into the diagnostic and treatment strategies for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhikang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Chen L, Wang B, Liu J, Wu X, Xu X, Cao H, Ji X, Zhang P, Li X, Hou Z, Li H. Different oral and gut microbial profiles in those with Alzheimer's disease consuming anti-inflammatory diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974694. [PMID: 36185672 PMCID: PMC9521405 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing alongside with aging of the population. Systemic chronic inflammation and microbial imbalance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Inflammatory diets regulate both the host microbiomes and inflammatory status. This study aimed to explore the impact of inflammatory diets on oral-gut microbes in patients with AD and the relationship between microbes and markers of systemic inflammation. The dietary inflammatory properties and the oral and gut microorganisms were analyzed using the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and 16S RNA in 60 patients with AD. The α-diversity was not related to the DII (p > 0.05), whereas the β-diversity was different in the oral microbiomes (R2 = 0.061, p = 0.013). In the most anti-inflammatory diet group, Prevotella and Olsenella were more abundant in oral microbiomes and Alistipes, Ruminococcus, Odoribacter, and unclassified Firmicutes were in the gut microbiomes (p < 0.05). Specific oral and gut genera were associated with interleukin-6 (IL)-6, complement 3 (C3), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, anti-inflammatory diets seem to be associated with increased abundance of beneficial microbes, and specific oral and gut microbial composition was associated with inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Lili Chen
| | - Bixia Wang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Liu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Cao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinli Ji
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyi Hou
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Li
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28
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Ma X, Nan F, Liang H, Shu P, Fan X, Song X, Hou Y, Zhang D. Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988481. [PMID: 36119103 PMCID: PMC9471313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High sugar intake has long been recognized as a potential environmental risk factor for increased incidence of many non-communicable diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary sugars are mainly hexoses, including glucose, fructose, sucrose and High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). These sugars are primarily absorbed in the gut as fructose and glucose. The consumption of high sugar beverages and processed foods has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Here, we summarize the effects of consuming high levels of dietary hexose on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and low-grade chronic inflammation. Based on these reported findings, we emphasize that dietary sugars and mixed processed foods may be a key factor leading to the occurrence and aggravation of inflammation. We concluded that by revealing the roles that excessive intake of hexose has on the regulation of human inflammatory diseases are fundamental questions that need to be solved urgently. Moreover, close attention should also be paid to the combination of high glucose-mediated immune imbalance and tumor development, and strive to make substantial contributions to reverse tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Nan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hantian Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Panyin Shu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinzou Fan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Song
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfeng Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational medicine, Shandong medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Rheumatism, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanfeng Hou, ; Dunfang Zhang,
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanfeng Hou, ; Dunfang Zhang,
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Li Y, Sheng L, Jena PK, Gilbert MC, Wan YJY, Mao H. Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Compromised in DSS-Induced Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:2788. [PMID: 35889745 PMCID: PMC9315703 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and malnutrition both cause dysbiosis and dampen retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathways, which play pivotal roles in biological processes. The current study evaluates a hypothesis that colitis-associated dysbiosis also has systemic negative impacts on RA signaling. Thus, we studied the effects of inflammation, under a vitamin A-sufficient condition, on RA signaling using mouse colitis models induced by dextran sulfate sodium. That data showed that intestinal inflammation resulted in reduced RA signaling in the liver, brain, gut, and adipose tissues measured by analyzing the expression of genes encoding for the synthesis, oxidation, transport, and receptor of RA. The expression of RA-regulated gut homing molecules including α4β7 integrin, and CCR9, along with MADCAM1 were all reduced in colitis mice revealing compromised immunity due to reduced RA signaling. The data also showed that the development of colitis was accompanied by dysbiosis featured with reduced Lactobacillaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae but an expansion of Erysipelotrichaceae and others. Colitis resulted in reduced butyrate-producing bacteria and increased methane-generating bacteria. Additionally, dysbiosis was associated with induced Il-1β, Ifn-γ, and Tnf-α mRNA but reduced Il-22, Il-17f, and Rorγt transcripts in the colon. Together, intestinal inflammation inhibits RA signaling in multiple organs. RA is essential in regulating various biological processes, it is critical to detect RA signaling reduction in tissues even when vitamin A deficiency is absent. Moreover, probiotics can potentially prevent dysbiosis and reverse compromised RA signaling, having systemic health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Six Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan 528200, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (L.S.); (P.K.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (L.S.); (P.K.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (L.S.); (P.K.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Miranda Claire Gilbert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (L.S.); (P.K.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (L.S.); (P.K.J.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Hua Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China;
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Liu R, Bai L, Liu M, Wang R, Wu Y, Li Q, Ba Y, Zhang H, Zhou G, Yu F, Huang H. Combined exposure of lead and high-fat diet enhanced cognitive decline via interacting with CREB-BDNF signaling in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119200. [PMID: 35364187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The health risks to populations induced by lead (Pb) and high-fat diets (HFD) have become a global public health problem. Pb and HFD often co-exist and are co-occurring risk factors for cognitive impairment. This study investigates effect of combined Pb and HFD on cognitive function, and explores the underlying mechanisms in terms of regulatory components of synaptic plasticity and insulin signaling pathway. We showed that the co-exposure of Pb and HFD further increased blood Pb levels, caused body weight loss and dyslipidemia. The results from Morris water maze (MWM) test and Nissl staining disclosed that Pb and HFD each contributed to cognitive deficits and neuronal damage and combined exposure enhanced this toxic injury. Pb and HFD decreased the levels of synapsin-1, GAP-43 and PSD-95 protein related to synaptic properties and SIRT1, NMDARs, phosphorylated CREB and BDNF related to synaptic plasticity regulatory, and these decreases was greater when combined exposure. Additionally, we revealed that Pb and HFD promoted IRS-1 phosphorylation and subsequently reduced downstream PI3K-Akt kinases phosphorylation in hippocampus and cortex of rats, and this process was aggravated when co-exposure. Collectively, our data suggested that combined exposure of Pb and HFD enhanced cognitive deficits, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual stress effects related to multiple signaling pathways with CREB-BDNF signaling as the hub. This study emphasizes the need to evaluate the effects of mixed exposures on brain function in realistic environment and to better inform prevention of neurological disorders via modulating central pathway, such as CREB/BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health &Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Near-infrared light reduces glia activation and modulates neuroinflammation in the brains of diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10848. [PMID: 35761012 PMCID: PMC9237037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key event in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and characterizes metabolic pathologies like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Growing evidence in humans shows that obesity increases the risk of developing AD by threefold. Hippocampal neuroinflammation in rodents correlates with poor memory performance, suggesting that it contributes to cognitive decline. Here we propose that reducing obesity/T2D-driven neuroinflammation may prevent the progression of cognitive decline associated with AD-like neurodegenerative states. Near-infrared light (NIR) has attracted increasing attention as it was shown to improve learning and memory in both humans and animal models. We previously reported that transcranial NIR delivery reduced amyloid beta and Tau pathology and improved memory function in mouse models of AD. Here, we report the effects of NIR in preventing obesity-induced neuroinflammation in a diet-induced obese mouse model. Five-week-old wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks to induce obesity prior to transcranial delivery of NIR for 4 weeks during 90-s sessions given 5 days a week. After sacrifice, brain slices were subjected to free-floating immunofluorescence for microglia and astrocyte markers to evaluate glial activation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The hippocampal and cortical regions of the HFD group had increased expression of the activated microglial marker CD68 and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. NIR-treated HFD groups showed decreased levels of these markers. PCR revealed that hippocampal tissue from the HFD group had increased levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Interestingly, the same samples showed increased levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. All these changes were attenuated by NIR treatment. Lastly, hippocampal levels of the neurotrophic factor BDNF were increased in NIR-treated HFD mice, compared to untreated HFD mice. The marked reductions in glial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines along with elevated BDNF provide insights into how NIR could reduce neuroinflammation. These results support the use of NIR as a potential non-invasive and preventive therapeutic approach against chronic obesity-induced deficits that are known to occur with AD neuropathology.
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Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:43. [PMID: 35715821 PMCID: PMC9204954 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence of worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In the absence of effective therapeutic interventions, identifying risk factors associated with cognitive decline becomes increasingly vital. Novel perspectives suggest that a dynamic bidirectional communication system between the gut, its microbiome, and the central nervous system, commonly referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, may be a contributing factor for cognitive health and disease. However, the exact mechanisms remain undefined. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in the gut can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier, enter systemic circulation and trigger physiological responses both directly and indirectly affecting the central nervous system and its functions. Dysregulation of this system (i.e., dysbiosis) can modulate cytotoxic metabolite production, promote neuroinflammation and negatively impact cognition. In this review, we explore critical connections between microbial-derived metabolites (secondary bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), tryptophan derivatives and others) and their influence upon cognitive function and neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular interest in their less-explored role as risk factors of cognitive decline.
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Vegas-Suárez S, Simón J, Martínez-Chantar ML, Moratalla R. Metabolic Diffusion in Neuropathologies: The Relevance of Brain-Liver Axis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:864263. [PMID: 35634148 PMCID: PMC9134112 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.864263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases include a broad group of hepatic disorders from different etiologies and with varying degrees of progression and severity. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty (NAFLD) and alcoholic (ALD) liver diseases are the most frequent forms of expression, caused by either metabolic alterations or chronic alcohol consumption. The liver is the main regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolism of potentially toxic compounds in the organism, thus hepatic disorders often promote the release of harmful substances. In this context, there is an existing interconnection between liver and brain, with the well-named brain-liver axis, in which liver pathologies lead to the promotion of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases are the most relevant neurological disorders worldwide. The present work highlights the relevance of the liver-related promotion of these disorders. Liver-related hyperammonemia has been related to the promotion of perturbations in nervous systems, whereas the production of ketone bodies under certain conditions may protect from developing them. The capacity of the liver of amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance is reduced under liver pathologies, contributing to the development of AD. These perturbations are even aggravated by the pro-inflammatory state that often accompanies liver diseases, leading to the named neuroinflammation. The current nourishment habits, named as Western diet (WD) and alterations in the bile acid (BA) profile, whose homeostasis is controlled by the liver, have been also related to both AD and PD, whereas the supplementation with certain compounds, has been demonstrated to alleviate the pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vegas-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain,Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERned), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: María Luz Martínez-Chantar, ; Rosario Moratalla,
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERned), Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: María Luz Martínez-Chantar, ; Rosario Moratalla,
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Ishimwe JA, Dola T, Ertuglu LA, Kirabo A. Bile acids and salt-sensitive hypertension: a role of the gut-liver axis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H636-H646. [PMID: 35245132 PMCID: PMC8957326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00027.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) affects 50% of the hypertensive and 25% of the normotensive populations. Importantly, SSBP is associated with increased risk for mortality in both populations independent of blood pressure. Despite its deleterious effects, the pathogenesis of SSBP is not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests a novel role of bile acids in salt-sensitive hypertension and that they may play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and fluid volume homeostasis. Mechanistic evidence implicates alterations in the gut microbiome, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), the farnesoid X receptor, and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 in bile acid-mediated effects on cardiovascular function. The mechanistic interplay between excess dietary sodium-induced alterations in the gut microbiome and immune cell activation, bile acid signaling, and whether such interplay may contribute to the etiology of SSBP is still yet to be defined. The main goal of this review is to discuss the potential role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease with a focus on salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Ishimwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thanvi Dola
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lale A Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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35
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Martel J, Chang SH, Ko YF, Hwang TL, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:247-265. [PMID: 35151560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier protects the host against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, gut barrier integrity can be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic predisposition, the Western diet, antibiotics, alcohol, circadian rhythm disruption, psychological stress, and aging. Chronic disruption of the gut barrier can lead to translocation of microbial components into the body, producing systemic, low-grade inflammation. While the association between gut barrier integrity and inflammation in intestinal diseases is well established, we review here recent studies indicating that the gut barrier and microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of metabolic, autoimmune, and aging-related disorders. Emerging interventions to improve gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Huang R, Gao Y, Chen J, Duan Q, He P, Zhang J, Huang H, Zhang Q, Ma G, Zhang Y, Nie K, Wang L. TGR5 agonist INT-777 alleviates inflammatory neurodegeneration in parkinson’s disease mouse model by modulating mitochondrial dynamics in microglia. Neuroscience 2022; 490:100-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jena PK, Setayesh T, Sheng L, Di Lucente J, Jin LW, Wan YJY. Intestinal Microbiota Remodeling Protects Mice from Western Diet-Induced Brain Inflammation and Cognitive Decline. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030504. [PMID: 35159313 PMCID: PMC8834507 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the Western diet (WD) induces systemic inflammation and cognitive decline. Moreover, probiotic supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced hepatic inflammation. The current study examines whether shaping the gut microbes by Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis) supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced brain inflammation and improve neuroplasticity. Furthermore, the significance of bile acid (BA) signaling in regulating brain inflammation was studied. Mice were fed a control diet (CD) or WD for seven months. B. infantis was supplemented to WD-fed mice to study brain inflammation, lipid, metabolomes, and neuroplasticity measured by long-term potentiation (LTP). Broad-spectrum coverage antibiotics and cholestyramine treatments were performed to study the impact of WD-associated gut microbes and BA in brain inflammation. Probiotic B. infantis supplementation inhibited diet-induced brain inflammation by reducing IL6, TNFα, and CD11b levels. B. infantis improved LTP and increased brain PSD95 and BDNF levels, which were reduced due to WD intake. Additionally, B. infantis reduced cecal cholesterol, brain ceramide and enhanced saturated fatty acids. Moreover, antibiotic treatment, as well as cholestyramine, diminished WD-induced brain inflammatory signaling. Our findings support the theory that intestinal microbiota remodeling by B. infantis reduces brain inflammation, activates BA receptor signaling, and improves neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Jacopo Di Lucente
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lee Way Jin
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-4293; Fax: +1-916-734-3787
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Yu X, Bai Y, Han B, Ju M, Tang T, Shen L, Li M, Yang L, Zhang Z, Hu G, Chao J, Zhang Y, Yao H. Extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of circDYM alleviates CUS-induced depressive-like behaviours. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12185. [PMID: 35029057 PMCID: PMC8758833 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide and severely limits psychosocial function and quality of life, but no effective medication is currently available. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed to participate in the MDD pathological process. Targeted delivery of circRNAs without blood-brain barrier (BBB) restriction for remission of MDD represents a promising approach for antidepressant therapy. In this study, RVG-circDYM-extracellular vesicles (RVG-circDYM-EVs) were engineered to target and preferentially transfer circDYM to the brain, and the effect on the pathological process in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mouse model of depression was investigated. The results showed that RVG-circDYM-EVs were successfully purified by ultracentrifugation from overexpressed circDYM HEK 293T cells, and the characterization of RVG-circDYM-EVs was successfully demonstrated in terms of size, morphology and specific markers. Beyond demonstrating proof-of-concept for an RNA drug delivery technology, we observed that systemic administration of RVG-circDYM-EVs efficiently delivered circDYM to the brain, and alleviated CUS-induced depressive-like behaviours, and we discovered that RVG-circDYM-EVs notably inhibited microglial activation, BBB leakiness and peripheral immune cells infiltration, and attenuated astrocyte disfunction induced by CUS. CircDYM can bind mechanistically to the transcription factor TAF1 (TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1), resulting in the decreased expression of its downstream target genes with consequently suppressed neuroinflammation. Taken together, our findings suggest that extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of circDYM is effective for MDD treatment and promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Bing Han
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Minzi Ju
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Tianci Tang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Li Yang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural MedicinesInstitute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
- Institute of Life SciencesKey Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human DiseaseSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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Shi Z, Wu X, Wu CY, Singh SP, Law T, Yamada D, Huynh M, Liakos W, Yang G, Farber JM, Wan YJY, Hwang ST. Bile acids improve psoriasiform dermatitis through inhibition of IL-17A expression and CCL20-CCR6 mediated trafficking of T cells. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1381-1390.e11. [PMID: 34808237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs), produced in the liver and further transformed in the gut, are cholesterol-derived molecules involved in essential physiological processes. Recent studies suggest that BAs regulate Th17 cell function, but the underlying mechanism of this action and their therapeutic value in disease models remains unclear. Using an IL-23 minicircle DNA (MC) based murine model of psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD), we showed that oral administration of secondary BAs, including lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and 3-oxoLCA, significantly improved PsD without inducing apparent hepatotoxicity. Of the BAs tested, LCA possessed the greatest potency in treating PsD. Intravenous administration of LCA at a much lower dosage (compared to oral treatment) showed a comparable anti-psoriatic effect and markedly suppressed the IL-17A response. Ex vivo experiments revealed that LCA reduced IL-17A production in IL-23-stimulated murine T cells in the absence of BA receptors TGR5 or FXR. Strikingly, BAs inhibited CCL20 expression in keratinocytes, which led to reduced migration of CCR6-expressing Jurkat cells cultured in the conditioned medium of stimulated keratinocytes. Thus, BAs improve PsD with minimal toxicity via direct inhibition of IL-17A production and blockade of CCL20-mediated trafficking, supporting the potential use of BAs in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics Core facility , University of California, Davis, Sacramento
| | - Satya P Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Law
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Huynh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - William Liakos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Samuel T Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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40
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Dong HS, Shen QB, Lan HY, Zhao W, Cao P, Chen P. Fecal Bile Acids Profile of Crewmembers Consuming the Same Space Food in a Spacecraft Simulator. Front Physiol 2021; 12:593226. [PMID: 34658900 PMCID: PMC8517451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.593226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recently, bile acids (BAs) are increasingly being considered as unique metabolic integrators and not just for the cholesterol metabolism and absorption of dietary lipids. Human BAs profiles are evolved to be individual under different environmental, dietary, and inherited factors. Variation of BAs for crewmembers from freshly prepared kitchen diets to wholly prepackaged industrial foods in a ground-based spacecraft simulator has not been clearly interpreted. Methods: Three crewmembers were confined in a docked spacecraft and supplied with 7 days periodic wholly prepackaged industrial foods for 50 days. Fecal samples were collected before entry in the spacecraft simulator and after evacuation. Determination of 16 kinds of BAs was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Results: Bile acids metabolism is sensitive to diet and environment transition from freshly prepared kitchen diets in the canteen to wholly prepackaged industrial foods in a ground-based spacecraft simulator, which is also specific to individuals. A significant positive relationship with a coefficient of 0.85 was found for primary BAs as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid (CA), and a significantly negative relationship with a coefficient of −0.69 for secondary BAs as lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA). Discussion: The profile of BA metabolism of individuals who share the same food in the same environment appears to be unique, suggesting that the inherent ability of different individuals to adapt to diet and environment varies. Since the transition from the free diet in open space to whole prepackaged space food diet in a space station simulator causes the variations of BAs pool in an individual manner, assessment of BA metabolic profiles provides a new perspective for personalized diet design, astronaut selection and training, and space flight diet acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Dong
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Bing Shen
- Innovation Center of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Yun Lan
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Cao
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Chen
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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41
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Więckowska-Gacek A, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wydrych M, Wojda U. Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer's disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101397. [PMID: 34214643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes through which such diet may contribute to AD pathogenesis is missing. We addressed this need through extensive analysis of published studies investigating the effects of western diet (WD) on AD development in humans and laboratory animals. We reviewed WD-induced systemic alterations comprising metabolic changes, induction of obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and acceleration of systemic low-grade inflammation. Next we provide an overview of the evidence demonstrating that WD-associated systemic alterations drive impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and development of neuroinflammation paralleled by accumulation of toxic amyloid. Later these changes are followed by dysfunction of synaptic transmission, neurodegeneration and finally memory and cognitive impairment. We conclude that WD can trigger AD by acceleration of inflammaging, and that BBB impairment induced by metabolic and systemic inflammation play the central role in this process. Moreover, the concurrence of neuroinflammation and Aβ dyshomeostasis, which by reciprocal interactions drive the vicious cycle of neurodegeneration, contradicts Aβ as the primary trigger of AD. Given that in 2019 the World Health Organization recommended focusing on modifiable risk factors in AD prevention, this overview of the sequential, complex pathomechanisms initiated by WD, which can lead from peripheral disturbances to neurodegeneration, can support future prevention strategies.
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Qian XH, Song XX, Liu XL, Chen SD, Tang HD. Inflammatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease mediated by gut microbiota. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101317. [PMID: 33711509 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the close relationship between gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. Both the neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation serve as the key hubs to accelerate the process of AD by promoting pathology and damaging neuron. What's more, the gut microbiota is also crucial for the regulation of inflammation. Therefore, this review focused on the role of gut microbiota in AD through inflammatory pathways. Firstly, this review summarized the relationship and interaction among gut microbiota, inflammation, and AD. Secondly, the direct and indirect regulatory effects of gut microbiota on AD through inflammatory pathways were described. These effects were mainly mediated by the component of the gut microbiota (lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and amyloid peptides), the metabolites of bacteria (short-chain fatty acids, branched amino acids, and neurotransmitters) and functional by-products (bile acids). In addition, potential treatments (fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions) for AD were also discussed through these mechanisms. Finally, according to the current research status, the key problems to be solved in the future studies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hang Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Xuan Song
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, 201406, China.
| | - Sheng-di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hui-Dong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Liu TC, Kern JT, Jain U, Sonnek NM, Xiong S, Simpson KF, VanDussen KL, Winkler ES, Haritunians T, Malique A, Lu Q, Sasaki Y, Storer C, Diamond MS, Head RD, McGovern DPB, Stappenbeck TS. Western diet induces Paneth cell defects through microbiome alterations and farnesoid X receptor and type I interferon activation. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:988-1001.e6. [PMID: 34010595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal Paneth cells modulate innate immunity and infection. In Crohn's disease, genetic mutations together with environmental triggers can disable Paneth cell function. Here, we find that a western diet (WD) similarly leads to Paneth cell dysfunction through mechanisms dependent on the microbiome and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Analysis of multiple human cohorts suggests that obesity is associated with Paneth cell dysfunction. In mouse models, consumption of a WD for as little as 4 weeks led to Paneth cell dysfunction. WD consumption in conjunction with Clostridium spp. increased the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid levels in the ileum, which in turn inhibited Paneth cell function. The process required excess signaling of both FXR and IFN within intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between poor diet and inhibition of gut innate immunity and uncover an effect of FXR activation in gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Justin T Kern
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Umang Jain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naomi M Sonnek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine F Simpson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Atika Malique
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chad Storer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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45
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Fedotova АА, Tiaglik АB, Semyanov АV. Effect of Diet as a Factor of Exposome
on Brain Function. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Wiȩckowska-Gacek A, Mietelska-Porowska A, Chutorański D, Wydrych M, Długosz J, Wojda U. Western Diet Induces Impairment of Liver-Brain Axis Accelerating Neuroinflammation and Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:654509. [PMID: 33867971 PMCID: PMC8046915 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.654509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-dependent, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. The prevailing AD hypothesis points to the central role of altered cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and formation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in the brain. The lack of efficient AD treatments stems from incomplete knowledge on AD causes and environmental risk factors. The role of lifestyle factors, including diet, in neurological diseases is now beginning to attract considerable attention. One of them is western diet (WD), which can lead to many serious diseases that develop with age. The aim of the study was to investigate whether WD-derived systemic disturbances may accelerate the brain neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis at the early stages of AD development. To verify this hypothesis, transgenic mice expressing human APP with AD-causing mutations (APPswe) were fed with WD from the 3rd month of age. These mice were compared to APPswe mice, in which short-term high-grade inflammation was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to untreated APPswe mice. All experimental subgroups of animals were subsequently analyzed at 4-, 8-, and 12-months of age. APPswe mice at 4- and 8-months-old represent earlier pre-plaque stages of AD, while 12-month-old animals represent later stages of AD, with visible amyloid pathology. Already short time of WD feeding induced in 4-month-old animals such brain neuroinflammation events as enhanced astrogliosis, to a level comparable to that induced by the administration of pro-inflammatory LPS, and microglia activation in 8-month-old mice. Also, WD feeding accelerated increased Aβ production, observed already in 8-month-old animals. These brain changes corresponded to diet-induced metabolic disorders, including increased cholesterol level in 4-months of age, and advanced hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver disease in 8-month-old mice. These results indicate that the westernized pattern of nourishment is an important modifiable risk factor of AD development, and that a healthy, balanced, diet may be one of the most efficient AD prevention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Wiȩckowska-Gacek
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mietelska-Porowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Chutorański
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wydrych
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Długosz
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Carranza-Naval MJ, Vargas-Soria M, Hierro-Bujalance C, Baena-Nieto G, Garcia-Alloza M, Infante-Garcia C, del Marco A. Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: Role of Diet, Microbiota and Inflammation in Preclinical Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020262. [PMID: 33578998 PMCID: PMC7916805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Epidemiological studies show the association between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Dietary habits and lifestyle, that are risk factors in both diseases, strongly modulate gut microbiota composition. Also, the brain-gut axis plays a relevant role in AD, diabetes and inflammation, through products of bacterial metabolism, like short-chain fatty acids. We provide a comprehensive review of current literature on the relation between dysbiosis, altered inflammatory cytokines profile and microglia in preclinical models of AD, T2DM and models that reproduce both diseases as commonly observed in the clinic. Increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, are widely detected. Microbiome analysis shows alterations in Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes phyla, among others. Altered α- and β-diversity is observed in mice depending on genotype, gender and age; therefore, alterations in bacteria taxa highly depend on the models and approaches. We also review the use of pre- and probiotic supplements, that by favoring a healthy microbiome ameliorate AD and T2DM pathologies. Whereas extensive studies have been carried out, further research would be necessary to fully understand the relation between diet, microbiome and inflammation in AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Carranza-Naval
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Salus Infirmorum, Universidad de Cadiz, 11005 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Carmen Hierro-Bujalance
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Gloria Baena-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Department of Endocrinology, Jerez Hospital, Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Carmen Infante-Garcia
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.I.-G.); (A.d.M.)
| | - Angel del Marco
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (M.J.C.-N.); (M.V.-S.); (C.H.-B.); (M.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.I.-G.); (A.d.M.)
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Bhargava P, Smith MD, Mische L, Harrington E, Fitzgerald KC, Martin K, Kim S, Reyes AA, Gonzalez-Cardona J, Volsko C, Tripathi A, Singh S, Varanasi K, Lord HN, Meyers K, Taylor M, Gharagozloo M, Sotirchos ES, Nourbakhsh B, Dutta R, Mowry EM, Waubant E, Calabresi PA. Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis and supplementation ameliorates neuroinflammation. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3467-3482. [PMID: 32182223 DOI: 10.1172/jci129401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS. Bile acids are cholesterol metabolites that can signal through receptors on cells throughout the body, including in the CNS and the immune system. Whether bile acid metabolism is abnormal in MS is unknown. Using global and targeted metabolomic profiling, we identified lower levels of circulating bile acid metabolites in multiple cohorts of adult and pediatric patients with MS compared with controls. In white matter lesions from MS brain tissue, we noted the presence of bile acid receptors on immune and glial cells. To mechanistically examine the implications of lower levels of bile acids in MS, we studied the in vitro effects of an endogenous bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), on astrocyte and microglial polarization. TUDCA prevented neurotoxic (A1) polarization of astrocytes and proinflammatory polarization of microglia in a dose-dependent manner. TUDCA supplementation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reduced the severity of disease through its effects on G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1). We demonstrate that bile acid metabolism was altered in MS and that bile acid supplementation prevented polarization of astrocytes and microglia to neurotoxic phenotypes and ameliorated neuropathology in an animal model of MS. These findings identify dysregulated bile acid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah Mische
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Harrington
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kyle Martin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Christina Volsko
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ajai Tripathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kesava Varanasi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah-Noelle Lord
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keya Meyers
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjan Gharagozloo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elias S Sotirchos
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bardia Nourbakhsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen M Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Boziki M, Grigoriadis N, Papaefthymiou A, Doulberis M, Polyzos SA, Gavalas E, Deretzi G, Karafoulidou E, Kesidou E, Taloumtzis C, Theotokis P, Sofou E, Katsinelos P, Vardaka E, Fludaras I, Touloumtzi M, Koukoufiki A, Simeonidou C, Liatsos C, Kountouras J. The trimebutine effect on Helicobacter pylori-related gastrointestinal tract and brain disorders: A hypothesis. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104938. [PMID: 33535070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The localization of bacterial components and/or metabolites in the central nervous system may elicit neuroinflammation and/or neurodegeneration. Helicobacter pylori (a non-commensal symbiotic gastrointestinal pathogen) infection and its related metabolic syndrome have been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system disorders, thus medications affecting the nervous system - gastrointestinal tract may shape the potential of Helicobacter pylori infection to trigger these pathologies. Helicobacter pylori associated metabolic syndrome, by impairing gut motility and promoting bacterial overgrowth and translocation, might lead to brain pathologies. Trimebutine maleate is a prokinetic drug that hastens gastric emptying, by inducing the release of gastrointestinal agents such as motilin and gastrin. Likewise, it appears to protect against inflammatory signal pathways, involved in inflammatory disorders including brain pathologies. Trimebutine maleate also acts as an antimicrobial agent and exerts opioid agonist effect. This study aimed to investigate a hypothesis regarding the recent advances in exploring the potential role of gastrointestinal tract microbiota dysbiosis-related metabolic syndrome and Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract and brain diseases. We hereby proposed a possible neuroprotective role for trimebutine maleate by altering the dynamics of the gut-brain axis interaction, thus suggesting an additional effect of trimebutine maleate on Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens against these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, 41110, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Gavalas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, 56429, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Charilaos Taloumtzis
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece; 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Department of Gastroenterology, Thessaloniki, 56429, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Electra Sofou
- Second Neurological Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 574 00, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Fludaras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Touloumtzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Argiro Koukoufiki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Constantina Simeonidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, Athens, 115 25, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42, Macedonia, Greece.
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50
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Shi Z, Wu X, Santos Rocha C, Rolston M, Garcia-Melchor E, Huynh M, Nguyen M, Law T, Haas KN, Yamada D, Millar NL, Wan YJY, Dandekar S, Hwang ST. Short-Term Western Diet Intake Promotes IL-23‒Mediated Skin and Joint Inflammation Accompanied by Changes to the Gut Microbiota in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1780-1791. [PMID: 33485880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that exposure to a high-sugar and moderate-fat diet (i.e., Western diet [WD]) in mice induces appreciable skin inflammation and enhances the susceptibility to imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis, suggesting that dietary components may render the skin susceptible to psoriatic inflammation. In this study, utilizing an IL-23 minicircle-based model with features of both psoriasiform dermatitis and psoriatic arthritis, we showed that intake of WD for 10 weeks predisposed mice not only to skin but also to joint inflammation. Both WD-induced skin and joint injuries were associated with an expansion of IL-17A‒producing γδ T cells and increased expression of T helper type 17 cytokines. After IL-23 minicircle delivery, WD-fed mice had reduced microbial diversity and pronounced dysbiosis. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics suppressed IL-23‒mediated skin and joint inflammation in the WD-fed mice. Strikingly, reduced skin and joint inflammation with a partial reversion of the gut microbiota were noted when mice switched from a WD to a standard diet after IL-23 minicircle delivery. These findings reveal that a short-term WD intake‒induced dysbiosis is accompanied by enhanced psoriasis-like skin and joint inflammation. Modifications toward a healthier dietary pattern should be considered in patients with psoriatic skin and/or joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Clarissa Santos Rocha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Matthew Rolston
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Emma Garcia-Melchor
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mindy Huynh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mimi Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Timothy Law
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kelly N Haas
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Neal L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Samuel T Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.
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