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Boudries R, Williams H, Paquereau-Gaboreau S, Bashir S, Hojjat Jodaylami M, Chisanga M, Trudeau LÉ, Masson JF. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanosensing and Imaging in Neuroscience. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22620-22647. [PMID: 39088751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring neurochemicals and imaging the molecular content of brain tissues in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo is essential for enhancing our understanding of neurochemistry and the causes of brain disorders. This review explores the potential applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors in neurosciences, where their adoption could lead to significant progress in the field. These applications encompass detecting neurotransmitters or brain disorders biomarkers in biofluids with SERS nanosensors, and imaging normal and pathological brain tissues with SERS labeling. Specific studies highlighting in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analysis of brain disorders using fit-for-purpose SERS nanosensors will be detailed, with an emphasis on the ability of SERS to detect clinically pertinent levels of neurochemicals. Recent advancements in designing SERS-active nanomaterials, improving experimentation in biofluids, and increasing the usage of machine learning for interpreting SERS spectra will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will address the tagging of tissues presenting pathologies with nanoparticles for SERS imaging, a burgeoning domain of neuroscience that has been demonstrated to be effective in guiding tumor removal during brain surgery. The review also explores future research applications for SERS nanosensors in neuroscience, including monitoring neurochemistry in vivo with greater penetration using surface-enhanced spatially offset Raman scattering (SESORS), near-infrared lasers, and 2-photon techniques. The article concludes by discussing the potential of SERS for investigating the effectiveness of therapies for brain disorders and for integrating conventional neurochemistry techniques with SERS sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Boudries
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hannah Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Soraya Paquereau-Gaboreau
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Saba Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Malama Chisanga
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Courtois, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials (QCAM), and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Neural Signalling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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2
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Maddaloni G, Chang YJ, Senft RA, Dymecki SM. Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation. Nature 2024; 632:147-156. [PMID: 39020173 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the amount of daylight (photoperiod) alter physiology and behaviour1,2. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms-dysregulation associates with disease, including affective disorders3 and metabolic syndromes4. The circadian rhythm circuitry is implicated in such responses5,6, yet little is known about the precise cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we identify a brain circuit and system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that are critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod. A type of neuron called mrEn1-Pet17 in the mouse brainstem median raphe nucleus segregates serotonin from VGLUT3 (also known as SLC17A8, a proxy for glutamate) to different axonal branches that innervate specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep-wake timing8,9. This branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment did not distinguish between daylight and dark phase; however, it reorganized with change in photoperiod. Axonal boutons, but not cell soma, changed neurochemical phenotype upon a shift away from equinox light/dark conditions, and these changes were reversed upon return to equinox conditions. When we genetically disabled Vglut3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, sleep-wake periods, voluntary activity and clock gene expression did not synchronize to the new photoperiod or were delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing, we delineated a preoptic area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection that was responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurotransmitter reorganization and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a brain circuit and periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that regulates organismal adaptation to photoperiod change.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maddaloni
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y J Chang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Buck SA, Mabry SJ, Glausier JR, Banks-Tibbs T, Ward C, Kozel JG, Fu C, Fish KN, Lewis DA, Logan RW, Freyberg Z. Aging disrupts the coordination between mRNA and protein expression in mouse and human midbrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.01.596950. [PMID: 38854057 PMCID: PMC11160743 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.01.596950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Age-related dopamine (DA) neuron loss is a primary feature of Parkinson's disease. However, it remains unclear whether similar biological processes occur during healthy aging, albeit to a lesser degree. We therefore determined whether midbrain DA neurons degenerate during aging in mice and humans. In mice, we identified no changes in midbrain neuron numbers throughout aging. Despite this, we found age-related decreases in midbrain mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), the rate limiting enzyme of DA synthesis. Among midbrain glutamatergic cells, we similarly identified age-related declines in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) mRNA expression. In co-transmitting Th +/Vglut2 + neurons, Th and Vglut2 transcripts decreased with aging. Importantly, striatal Th and Vglut2 protein expression remained unchanged. In translating our findings to humans, we found no midbrain neurodegeneration during aging and identified age-related decreases in TH and VGLUT2 mRNA expression similar to mouse. Unlike mice, we discovered diminished density of striatal TH+ dopaminergic terminals in aged human subjects. However, TH and VGLUT2 protein expression were unchanged in the remaining striatal boutons. Finally, in contrast to Th and Vglut2 mRNA, expression of most ribosomal genes in Th + neurons was either maintained or even upregulated during aging. This suggests a homeostatic mechanism where age-related declines in transcriptional efficiency are overcome by ongoing ribosomal translation. Overall, we demonstrate species-conserved transcriptional effects of aging in midbrain dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons that are not accompanied by marked cell death or lower striatal protein expression. This opens the door to novel therapeutic approaches to maintain neurotransmission and bolster neuronal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas A. Buck
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel J. Mabry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jill R. Glausier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tabitha Banks-Tibbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Ward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenesis Gayden Kozel
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chen Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Ceballos CC, Ma L, Qin M, Zhong H. Prevalent co-release of glutamate and GABA throughout the mouse brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587069. [PMID: 38585864 PMCID: PMC10996720 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Several neuronal populations in the brain transmit both the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate, and GABA, to downstream neurons. However, it remains largely unknown whether these opposing neurotransmitters are co-released onto the same postsynaptic neuron simultaneously or are independently transmitted at different time and locations (called co-transmission). Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording on acute mouse brain slices, we observed biphasic miniature postsynaptic currents, i.e., minis with time-locked excitatory and inhibitory currents, in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). This observation cannot be explained by accidental coincidence of monophasic miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs, respectively), arguing for the co-release of glutamate and GABA. Interestingly, these biphasic minis could either be an mEPSC leading an mIPSC or vice versa. Although dopaminergic axons release both glutamate and GABA in the striatum, deletion of dopamine neurons did not eliminate biphasic minis, indicating that the co-release originates from another neuronal type. Importantly, we found that both types of biphasic minis were detected in other neuronal subtypes in the striatum as well as in nine out of ten additionally tested brain regions. Our results suggest that co-release of glutamate and GABA is a prevalent mode of neurotransmission in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar C Ceballos
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Maozhen Qin
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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5
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Patel JC, Sherpa AD, Melani R, Witkovsky P, Wiseman MR, O'Neill B, Aoki C, Tritsch NX, Rice ME. GABA co-released from striatal dopamine axons dampens phasic dopamine release through autoregulatory GABA A receptors. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113834. [PMID: 38431842 PMCID: PMC11089423 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine axons co-release dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), using GABA provided by uptake via GABA transporter-1 (GAT1). Functions of GABA co-release are poorly understood. We asked whether co-released GABA autoinhibits dopamine release via axonal GABA type A receptors (GABAARs), complementing established inhibition by dopamine acting at axonal D2 autoreceptors. We show that dopamine axons express α3-GABAAR subunits in mouse striatum. Enhanced dopamine release evoked by single-pulse optical stimulation in striatal slices with GABAAR antagonism confirms that an endogenous GABA tone limits dopamine release. Strikingly, an additional inhibitory component is seen when multiple pulses are used to mimic phasic axonal activity, revealing the role of GABAAR-mediated autoinhibition of dopamine release. This autoregulation is lost in conditional GAT1-knockout mice lacking GABA co-release. Given the faster kinetics of ionotropic GABAARs than G-protein-coupled D2 autoreceptors, our data reveal a mechanism whereby co-released GABA acts as a first responder to dampen phasic-to-tonic dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ang D Sherpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Riccardo Melani
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul Witkovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Madeline R Wiseman
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian O'Neill
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chiye Aoki
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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6
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Hernández A, González-Sierra C, Zetina ME, Cifuentes F, Morales MA. Age-Dependent Changes in the Occurrence and Segregation of GABA and Acetylcholine in the Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2588. [PMID: 38473838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence, inhibitory modulation, and trophic effects of GABA have been identified in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. We have demonstrated that GABA and acetylcholine (ACh) may colocalize in the same axonal varicosities or be segregated into separate ones in the rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG). Neurotransmitter segregation varies with age and the presence of neurotrophic factors. Here, we explored age-dependent changes in the occurrence and segregation of GABA and ACh in rats ranging from 2 weeks old (wo) to 12 months old or older. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized the expression of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase of 67 kDa (GAD67) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the rat SCG at 2, 4, 8, 12 wo and 12 months old or older. Our findings revealed that GAD67 was greater at 2 wo compared with the other ages, whereas VAChT levels were greater at 4 wo than at 12 wo and 12 months old or older. The segregation of these neurotransmitters was more pronounced at 2 and 4 wo. We observed a caudo-rostral gradient of segregation degree at 8 and 12 wo. Data point out that the occurrence and segregation of GABA and ACh exhibit developmental adaptative changes throughout the lifetime of rats. We hypothesize that during the early postnatal period, the increase in GABA and GABA-ACh segregation promotes the release of GABA alone which might play a role in trophic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular and Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Constanza González-Sierra
- Departamento de Biología Celular and Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - María Elena Zetina
- Departamento de Biología Celular and Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Fredy Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular and Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular and Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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7
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Elhadi K, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Modeling methamphetamine use disorder and relapse in animals: short- and long-term epigenetic, transcriptional., and biochemical consequences in the rat brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105440. [PMID: 38707245 PMCID: PMC11068368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by binge drug taking episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to drug use even during treatment. MUD has been modeled in rodents and investigators are attempting to identify its molecular bases. Preclinical experiments have shown that different schedules of methamphetamine self-administration can cause diverse transcriptional changes in the dorsal striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present review, we present data on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the rat striatum following methamphetamine intake. These include genes involved in transcription regulation, potassium channel function, and neuroinflammation. We then use the striatal data to discuss the potential significance of the molecular changes induced by methamphetamine by reviewing concordant or discordant data from the literature. This review identified potential molecular targets for pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, there is a need for more research on methamphetamine-induced transcriptional consequences in various brain regions. These data should provide a more detailed neuroanatomical map of methamphetamine-induced changes and should better inform therapeutic interventions against MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Elhadi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Atul P. Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224
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8
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Barcomb K, Ford CP. Alterations in neurotransmitter co-release in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114562. [PMID: 37802381 PMCID: PMC10842357 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder characterized by degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons, which results in numerous adaptations in basal ganglia circuits. Research over the past twenty-five years has identified that midbrain dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) co-release multiple other transmitters including glutamate and GABA, in addition to their canonical transmitter, dopamine. This review summarizes previous work characterizing neurotransmitter co-release from dopamine neurons, work examining potential changes in co-release dynamics that result in animal models of Parkinson's disease, and future opportunities for determining how dysfunction in co-release may contribute to circuit dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Barcomb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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9
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Maddaloni G, Chang YJ, Senft RA, Dymecki SM. A brain circuit and neuronal mechanism for decoding and adapting to change in daylength. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557218. [PMID: 37745319 PMCID: PMC10515809 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in daylight amount (photoperiod) drive pronounced alterations in physiology and behaviour1,2. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms - dysregulation is associated with disease, from affective disorders3 to metabolic syndromes4. Circadian rhythm circuitry has been implicated5,6 yet little is known about the precise neural and cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we present a previously unknown brain circuit and novel system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that together prove critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod change. We found that the recently defined neuron type called mrEn1-Pet17 located in the mouse brainstem Median Raphe Nucleus (MRN) segregates serotonin versus VGLUT3 (here proxy for the neurotransmitter glutamate) to different axonal branches innervating specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep/wake timing8,9. We found that whether measured during the light or dark phase of the day this branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons was indistinguishable; however, it strikingly reorganizes on photoperiod change. Specifically, axonal boutons but not cell soma show a shift in neurochemical phenotype upon change away from equinox light/dark conditions that reverses upon return to equinox. When we genetically disabled the deployment of VGLUT3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, we found that sleep/wake periods and voluntary activity failed to synchronize to the new photoperiod or was significantly delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing in vivo, we delineated a Preoptic Area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurochemical shift and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized brain circuit along with a novel form of periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that together regulate organismal adaptation to photoperiod changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maddaloni
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - Y J Chang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - R A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - S M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
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10
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Ducrot C, de Carvalho G, Delignat-Lavaud B, Delmas CVL, Halder P, Giguère N, Pacelli C, Mukherjee S, Bourque MJ, Parent M, Chen LY, Trudeau LE. Conditional deletion of neurexins dysregulates neurotransmission from dopamine neurons. eLife 2023; 12:e87902. [PMID: 37409563 PMCID: PMC10409506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are key regulators of basal ganglia functions. The axonal domain of these neurons is highly complex, with a large subset of non-synaptic release sites and a smaller subset of synaptic terminals from which in addition to DA, glutamate or GABA are also released. The molecular mechanisms regulating the connectivity of DA neurons and their neurochemical identity are unknown. An emerging literature suggests that neuroligins, trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules, regulate both DA neuron connectivity and neurotransmission. However, the contribution of their major interaction partners, neurexins (Nrxns), is unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Nrxns regulate DA neuron neurotransmission. Mice with conditional deletion of all Nrxns in DA neurons (DAT::NrxnsKO) exhibited normal basic motor functions. However, they showed an impaired locomotor response to the psychostimulant amphetamine. In line with an alteration in DA neurotransmission, decreased levels of the membrane DA transporter (DAT) and increased levels of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) were detected in the striatum of DAT::NrxnsKO mice, along with reduced activity-dependent DA release. Strikingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed an increase of GABA co-release from DA neuron axons in the striatum of these mice. Together, these findings suggest that Nrxns act as regulators of the functional connectivity of DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Gregory de Carvalho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Constantin VL Delmas
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université LavalQuebecCanada
| | - Priyabrata Halder
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Nicolas Giguère
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
| | - Martin Parent
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université LavalQuebecCanada
| | - Lulu Y Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC)MontréalCanada
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11
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Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviours and are linked to various brain diseases. Considerable progress has been made in identifying mDA neuron subtypes, and recent work has begun to unveil how these neuronal subtypes develop and organize into functional brain structures. This progress is important for further understanding the disparate physiological functions of mDA neurons and their selective vulnerability in disease, and will ultimately accelerate therapy development. This Review discusses recent advances in our understanding of molecularly defined mDA neuron subtypes and their circuits, ranging from early developmental events, such as neuron migration and axon guidance, to their wiring and function, and future implications for therapeutic strategies.
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12
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Bulumulla C, Krasley AT, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Valinsky WC, Walpita D, Ackerman D, Clapham DE, Beyene AG. Visualizing synaptic dopamine efflux with a 2D composite nanofilm. eLife 2022; 11:78773. [PMID: 35786443 PMCID: PMC9363124 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical neurotransmission constitutes one of the fundamental modalities of communication between neurons. Monitoring release of these chemicals has traditionally been difficult to carry out at spatial and temporal scales relevant to neuron function. To understand chemical neurotransmission more fully, we need to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of measurements for neurotransmitter release. To address this, we engineered a chemi-sensitive, two-dimensional composite nanofilm that facilitates visualization of the release and diffusion of the neurochemical dopamine with synaptic resolution, quantal sensitivity, and simultaneously from hundreds of release sites. Using this technology, we were able to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of dopamine release in dendritic processes, a poorly understood phenomenon. We found that dopamine release is broadcast from a subset of dendritic processes as hotspots that have a mean spatial spread of ≈ 3.2 µm (full width at half maximum [FWHM]) and are observed with a mean spatial frequency of one hotspot per ≈ 7.5 µm of dendritic length. Major dendrites of dopamine neurons and fine dendritic processes, as well as dendritic arbors and dendrites with no apparent varicose morphology participated in dopamine release. Remarkably, these release hotspots co-localized with Bassoon, suggesting that Bassoon may contribute to organizing active zones in dendrites, similar to its role in axon terminals. To form the vast and complex network necessary for an organism to sense and react to the world, neurons must connect at highly specialized junctions. Individual cells communicate at these ‘synapses’ by releasing chemical signals (or neurotransmitters) such as dopamine, a molecule involved in learning and motivation. Despite the central role that synapses play in the brain, it remains challenging to measure exactly where neurotransmitters are released and how far they travel from their release site. Currently, most tools available to scientists only allow bulk measurements of neurotransmitter release. To tackle this limitation, Bulumulla et al. developed a new way to measure neurotransmitter release from neurons, harnessing a technique which uses fluorescent nanosensors that glow brighter when exposed to dopamine. These sensors form a very thin film upon which neurons can grow; when the cells release dopamine, the sensors ‘light up’ as they encounter the molecule. Dubbed DopaFilm, the technology reveals exactly where the neurotransmitter comes from and how it spreads between cells in real time. In particular, the approach showed that dopamine emerges from 'hot spots' at specific sites in cells; it also helped Bulumulla et al. study how dopamine is released from subcellular compartments that have previously not been well characterized. Improving the sensors so that the film could detect other neurotransmitters besides dopamine would broaden the use of this approach. In the future, combining this technology with other types of imaging should enable studies of individual synapses with intricate detail.
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13
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Stincic TL, Kelly MJ. Estrogenic regulation of reproduction and energy homeostasis by a triumvirate of hypothalamic arcuate neurons. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13145. [PMID: 35581942 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is energetically demanding and therefore, by necessity, reproduction and energy balance are inextricably linked. With insufficient or excessive energy stores a female is liable to suffer complications during pregnancy or produce unhealthy offspring. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons are responsible for initiating both the pulsatile and subsequent surge release of luteinizing hormone to control ovulation. Meticulous work has identified two hypothalamic populations of kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons that are critical for this pattern of release. The involvement of the hypothalamus is unsurprising because its quintessential function is to couple the endocrine and nervous systems, coordinating energy balance and reproduction. Estrogens, more specifically 17β-estradiol (E2 ), orchestrate the activity of a triumvirate of hypothalamic neurons within the arcuate nucleus (ARH) that govern the physiological underpinnings of these behavioral dynamics. Arising from a common progenitor pool, these cells differentiate into ARH kisspeptin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and agouti related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP) neurons. Although the excitability of all these subpopulations is subject to genomic and rapid estrogenic regulation, Kiss1 neurons are the most sensitive, reflecting their integral function in female fertility. Based on the premise that E2 coordinates autonomic functions around reproduction, we review recent findings on how Kiss1 neurons interact with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, AgRP and POMC neurons, as well as how the rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling cascades activated by E2 in these neurons are critical for control of homeostatic functions supporting reproduction. In particular, we highlight how Kiss1 and POMC neurons conspire to inhibit AgRP neurons and diminish food motivation in service of reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Stincic
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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14
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Zych SM, Ford CP. Divergent properties and independent regulation of striatal dopamine and GABA co-transmission. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110823. [PMID: 35584679 PMCID: PMC9134867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons play a key role in regulating the activity of striatal circuits within the basal ganglia. In addition to dopamine, these neurons release several other transmitters, including the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Both dopamine and GABA are loaded into SNc synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and co-release of GABA provides strong inhibition to the striatum by directly inhibiting striatal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) through activation of GABAA receptors. Here, we found that despite both dopamine and GABA being co-packaged by VMAT2, the properties of transmission, including Ca2+ sensitivity, release probability, and requirement of active zone scaffolding proteins, differ between the two transmitters. Moreover, the extent by which presynaptic neuromodulators inhibit co-transmission also varied. Differences in modulation and the mechanisms controlling release allow for independent regulation of dopamine and GABA signals despite both being loaded via similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Zych
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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15
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Melani R, Tritsch NX. Inhibitory co-transmission from midbrain dopamine neurons relies on presynaptic GABA uptake. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110716. [PMID: 35443174 PMCID: PMC9097974 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA)-releasing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNcDA) inhibit target cells in the striatum through postsynaptic activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for GABAergic signaling remain unclear, as SNcDA neurons lack enzymes typically required to produce GABA or package it into synaptic vesicles. Here, we show that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1), an enzyme proposed to function as a GABA synthetic enzyme in SNcDA neurons, does not produce GABA for synaptic transmission. Instead, we demonstrate that SNcDA axons obtain GABA exclusively through presynaptic uptake using the membrane GABA transporter Gat1 (encoded by Slc6a1). GABA is then packaged for vesicular release using the vesicular monoamine transporter Vmat2. Our data therefore show that presynaptic transmitter recycling can substitute for de novo GABA synthesis and that Vmat2 contributes to vesicular GABA transport, expanding the range of molecular mechanisms available to neurons to support inhibitory synaptic communication. Melani and Tritsch demonstrate that inhibitory co-transmission from midbrain dopaminergic neurons does not depend on cell-autonomous GABA synthesis but instead on presynaptic import from the extracellular space through the membrane transporter Gat1 and that GABA loading into synaptic vesicles relies on the vesicular monoamine transporter Vmat2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Melani
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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16
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Clyburn C, Andresen MC, Ingram SL, Habecker BA. Untangling Peripheral Sympathetic Neurocircuits. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:842656. [PMID: 35224065 PMCID: PMC8866570 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.842656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in regulating many autonomic functions, including cardiac rhythm. The postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic chain ganglia are essential components that relay sympathetic signals to target tissues and disruption of their activity leads to poor health outcomes. Despite this importance, the neurocircuitry within sympathetic ganglia is poorly understood. Canonically, postganglionic sympathetic neurons are thought to simply be activated by monosynaptic inputs from preganglionic cholinergic neurons of the intermediolateral cell columns of the spinal cord. Early electrophysiological studies of sympathetic ganglia where the peripheral nerve trunks were electrically stimulated identified excitatory cholinergic synaptic events in addition to retrograde action potentials, leading some to speculate that excitatory collateral projections are present. However, this seemed unlikely since sympathetic postganglionic neurons were known to synthesize and release norepinephrine and expression of dual neurochemical phenotypes had not been well recognized. In vitro studies clearly established the capacity of cultured sympathetic neurons to express and release acetylcholine and norepinephrine throughout development and even in pathophysiological conditions. Given this insight, we believe that the canonical view of ganglionic transmission needs to be reevaluated and may provide a mechanistic understanding of autonomic imbalance in disease. Further studies likely will require genetic models manipulating neurochemical phenotypes within sympathetic ganglia to resolve the function of cholinergic collateral projections between postganglionic neurons. In this perspective article, we will discuss the evidence for collateral projections in sympathetic ganglia, determine if current laboratory techniques could address these questions, and discuss potential obstacles and caveats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Clyburn
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael C. Andresen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Susan L. Ingram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Beth A. Habecker
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17
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Cifuentes F, Morales MA. Functional Implications of Neurotransmitter Segregation. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:738516. [PMID: 34720888 PMCID: PMC8548464 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.738516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present and discuss the characteristics and properties of neurotransmitter segregation, a subtype of neurotransmitter cotransmission. We review early evidence of segregation and discuss its properties, such as plasticity, while placing special emphasis on its probable functional implications, either in the central nervous system (CNS) or the autonomic nervous system. Neurotransmitter segregation is a process by which neurons separately route transmitters to independent and distant or to neighboring neuronal processes; it is a plastic phenomenon that changes according to synaptic transmission requirements and is regulated by target-derived signals. Distant neurotransmitter segregation in the CNS has been shown to be related to an autocrine/paracrine function of some neurotransmitters. In retinal amacrine cells, segregation of acetylcholine (ACh) and GABA, and glycine and glutamate to neighboring terminals has been related to the regulation of the firing rate of direction-selective ganglion cells. In the rat superior cervical ganglion, segregation of ACh and GABA to neighboring varicosities shows a heterogeneous regional distribution, which is correlated to a similar regional distribution in transmission strength. We propose that greater segregation of ACh and GABA produces less GABAergic inhibition, strengthening ganglionic transmission. Segregation of ACh and GABA varies in different physiopathological conditions; specifically, segregation increases in acute sympathetic hyperactivity that occurs in cold stress, does not vary in chronic hyperactivity that occurs in hypertension, and rises in early ages of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Given this, we propose that variations in the extent of transmitter segregation may contribute to the alteration of neural activity that occurs in some physiopathological conditions and with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Ducrot C, Bourque MJ, Delmas CVL, Racine AS, Guadarrama Bello D, Delignat-Lavaud B, Domenic Lycas M, Fallon A, Michaud-Tardif C, Burke Nanni S, Herborg F, Gether U, Nanci A, Takahashi H, Parent M, Trudeau LE. Dopaminergic neurons establish a distinctive axonal arbor with a majority of non-synaptic terminals. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21791. [PMID: 34320240 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100201rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical neurotransmission typically occurs through synapses. Previous ultrastructural examinations of monoamine neuron axon terminals often failed to identify a pre- and postsynaptic coupling, leading to the concept of "volume" transmission. Whether this results from intrinsic properties of these neurons remains undefined. We find that dopaminergic neurons in vitro establish a distinctive axonal arbor compared to glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons in both size and propensity of terminals to avoid direct contact with target neurons. While most dopaminergic varicosities are active and contain exocytosis proteins like synaptotagmin 1, only ~20% of these are synaptic. The active zone protein bassoon was found to be enriched in dopaminergic terminals that are in proximity to a target cell. Finally, we found that the proteins neurexin-1αSS4- and neuroligin-1A+B play a critical role in the formation of synapses by dopamine (DA) neurons. Our findings suggest that DA neurons are endowed with a distinctive developmental connectivity program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Constantin V L Delmas
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Racine
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dainelys Guadarrama Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew Domenic Lycas
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Fallon
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charlotte Michaud-Tardif
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Burke Nanni
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Freja Herborg
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Synapse Development and Plasticity Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,CNS Research Group (GRSNC), Montréal, QC, Canada
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19
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Buck SA, De Miranda BR, Logan RW, Fish KN, Greenamyre JT, Freyberg Z. VGLUT2 Is a Determinant of Dopamine Neuron Resilience in a Rotenone Model of Dopamine Neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4937-4947. [PMID: 33893220 PMCID: PMC8260163 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2770-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive dopamine (DA) neuron loss in the SNc. In contrast, DA neurons in the VTA are relatively protected from neurodegeneration, but the underlying mechanisms for this resilience remain poorly understood. Recent work suggests that expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) selectively impacts midbrain DA neuron vulnerability. We investigated whether altered DA neuron VGLUT2 expression determines neuronal resilience in rats exposed to rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor and toxicant model of PD. We discovered that VTA/SNc DA neurons that expressed VGLUT2 are more resilient to rotenone-induced DA neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, the density of neurons with detectable VGLUT2 expression in the VTA and SNc increases in response to rotenone. Furthermore, dopaminergic terminals within the NAc, where the majority of VGLUT2-expressing DA neurons project, exhibit greater resilience compared with DA terminals in the caudate/putamen. More broadly, VGLUT2-expressing terminals are protected throughout the striatum from rotenone-induced degeneration. Together, our data demonstrate that a distinct subpopulation of VGLUT2-expressing DA neurons are relatively protected from rotenone neurotoxicity. Rotenone-induced upregulation of the glutamatergic machinery in VTA and SNc neurons and their projections may be part of a broader neuroprotective mechanism. These findings offer a putative new target for neuronal resilience that can be manipulated to prevent toxicant-induced DA neurodegeneration in PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Environmental exposures to pesticides contribute significantly to pathologic processes that culminate in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pesticide rotenone has been used to generate a PD model that replicates key features of the illness, including dopamine neurodegeneration. To date, longstanding questions remain: are there dopamine neuron subpopulations resilient to rotenone; and if so, what are the molecular determinants of this resilience? Here we show that the subpopulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons that express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) are more resilient to rotenone-induced neurodegeneration. Rotenone also upregulates VGLUT2 more broadly in the midbrain, suggesting that VGLUT2 expression generally confers increased resilience to rotenone. VGLUT2 may therefore be a new target for boosting neuronal resilience to prevent toxicant-induced DA neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas A Buck
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Briana R De Miranda
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, 04609
| | - Kenneth N Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
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20
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Eskenazi D, Malave L, Mingote S, Yetnikoff L, Ztaou S, Velicu V, Rayport S, Chuhma N. Dopamine Neurons That Cotransmit Glutamate, From Synapses to Circuits to Behavior. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:665386. [PMID: 34093138 PMCID: PMC8170480 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.665386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered just over 20 years ago, dopamine neurons have the ability to cotransmit both dopamine and glutamate. Yet, the functional roles of dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission and their implications for therapeutic use are just emerging. This review article encompasses the current body of evidence investigating the functions of dopamine neurons of the ventral midbrain that cotransmit glutamate. Since its discovery in dopamine neuron cultures, further work in vivo confirmed dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission across species. From there, growing interest has led to research related to neural functioning including roles in synaptic signaling, development, and behavior. Functional connectome mapping reveals robust connections in multiple forebrain regions to various cell types, most notably to cholinergic interneurons in both the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens and the lateral dorsal striatum. Glutamate markers in dopamine neurons reach peak levels during embryonic development and increase in response to various toxins, suggesting dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission may serve neuroprotective roles. Findings from behavioral analyses reveal prominent roles for dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission in responses to psychostimulants, in positive valence and cognitive systems and for subtle roles in negative valence systems. Insight into dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission informs the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, schizophrenia and Parkinson Disease, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eskenazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Malave
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leora Yetnikoff
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, United States
- CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samira Ztaou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vlad Velicu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
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21
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16p11.2 deletion is associated with hyperactivation of human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron networks and is rescued by RHOA inhibition in vitro. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2897. [PMID: 34006844 PMCID: PMC8131375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal copy number variations (CNVs) of 16p11.2 are associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we use human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons carrying CNVs of 16p11.2 duplication (16pdup) and 16p11.2 deletion (16pdel), engineered using CRISPR-Cas9. We show that 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons have increased soma size and synaptic marker expression compared to isogenic control lines, while 16pdup iPSC-derived DA neurons show deficits in neuronal differentiation and reduced synaptic marker expression. The 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons have impaired neurophysiological properties. The 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neuronal networks are hyperactive and have increased bursting in culture compared to controls. We also show that the expression of RHOA is increased in the 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons and that treatment with a specific RHOA-inhibitor, Rhosin, rescues the network activity of the 16pdel iPSC-derived DA neurons. Our data suggest that 16p11.2 deletion-associated iPSC-derived DA neuron hyperactivation can be rescued by RHOA inhibition.
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22
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Stincic TL, Rønnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. Membrane and nuclear initiated estrogenic regulation of homeostasis. Steroids 2021; 168:108428. [PMID: 31229508 PMCID: PMC6923613 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction and energy balance are inextricably linked in order to optimize the evolutionary fitness of an organism. With insufficient or excessive energy stores a female is liable to suffer complications during pregnancy and produce unhealthy or obesity-prone offspring. The quintessential function of the hypothalamus is to act as a bridge between the endocrine and nervous systems, coordinating fertility and autonomic functions. Across the female reproductive cycle various motivations wax and wane, following levels of ovarian hormones. Estrogens, more specifically 17β-estradiol (E2), coordinate a triumvirate of hypothalamic neurons within the arcuate nucleus (ARH) that govern the physiological underpinnings of these behavioral dynamics. Arising from a common progenitor pool of cells, this triumvirate is composed of the kisspeptin (Kiss1ARH), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons. Although the excitability of these neuronal subpopulations is subject to genomic and rapid estrogenic regulation, kisspeptin neurons are the most sensitive, reflecting their integral function in female fertility. Based on the premise that E2 coordinates autonomic functions around reproduction, we will review the recent findings on the synaptic interactions between Kiss1, AgRP and POMC neurons and how the rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling cascades activated by E2 in these neurons are critical for control of homeostatic functions supporting reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Stincic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Oline K Rønnekleiv
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States.
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23
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Lerner TN, Holloway AL, Seiler JL. Dopamine, Updated: Reward Prediction Error and Beyond. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 67:123-130. [PMID: 33197709 PMCID: PMC8116345 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine neurons have been intensely studied for their roles in reinforcement learning. A dominant theory of how these neurons contribute to learning is through the encoding of a reward prediction error (RPE) signal. Recent advances in dopamine research have added nuance to RPE theory by incorporating the ideas of sensory prediction error, distributional encoding, and belief states. Further nuance is likely to be added shortly by convergent lines of research on dopamine neuron diversity. Finally, a major challenge is to reconcile RPE theory with other current theories of dopamine function to account for dopamine's role in movement, motivation, and goal-directed planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia N Lerner
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ashley L Holloway
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jillian L Seiler
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Kouwenhoven WM, Fortin G, Penttinen AM, Florence C, Delignat-Lavaud B, Bourque MJ, Trimbuch T, Luppi MP, Salvail-Lacoste A, Legault P, Poulin JF, Rosenmund C, Awatramani R, Trudeau LÉ. VGluT2 Expression in Dopamine Neurons Contributes to Postlesional Striatal Reinnervation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8262-8275. [PMID: 32928885 PMCID: PMC7577590 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0823-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of adult ventral tegmental area dopamine (DA) neurons expresses vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) and releases glutamate as a second neurotransmitter in the striatum, while only few adult substantia nigra DA neurons have this capacity. Recent work showed that cellular stress created by neurotoxins such as MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine can upregulate VGluT2 in surviving DA neurons, suggesting the possibility of a role in cell survival, although a high level of overexpression could be toxic to DA neurons. Here we examined the level of VGluT2 upregulation in response to neurotoxins and its impact on postlesional plasticity. We first took advantage of an in vitro neurotoxin model of Parkinson's disease and found that this caused an average 2.5-fold enhancement of Vglut2 mRNA in DA neurons. This could represent a reactivation of a developmental phenotype because using an intersectional genetic lineage-mapping approach, we find that >98% of DA neurons have a VGluT2+ lineage. Expression of VGluT2 was detectable in most DA neurons at embryonic day 11.5 and was localized in developing axons. Finally, compatible with the possibility that enhanced VGluT2 expression in DA neurons promotes axonal outgrowth and reinnervation in the postlesional brain, we observed that DA neurons in female and male mice in which VGluT2 was conditionally removed established fewer striatal connections 7 weeks after a neurotoxin lesion. Thus, we propose here that the developmental expression of VGluT2 in DA neurons can be reactivated at postnatal stages, contributing to postlesional plasticity of dopaminergic axons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A small subset of dopamine neurons in the adult, healthy brain expresses vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) and thus releases glutamate as a second neurotransmitter in the striatum. This neurochemical phenotype appears to be plastic as exposure to neurotoxins, such as 6-OHDA or MPTP, that model certain aspects of Parkinson's disease pathophysiology, boosts VGluT2 expression in surviving dopamine neurons. Here we show that this enhanced VGluT2 expression in dopamine neurons drives axonal outgrowth and contributes to dopamine neuron axonal plasticity in the postlesional brain. A better understanding of the neurochemical changes that occur during the progression of Parkinson's disease pathology will aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemieke M Kouwenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anna-Maija Penttinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Clélia Florence
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thorsten Trimbuch
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Milagros Pereira Luppi
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Alix Salvail-Lacoste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pascale Legault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Poulin
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raj Awatramani
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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25
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Buck SA, Torregrossa MM, Logan RW, Freyberg Z. Roles of dopamine and glutamate co-release in the nucleus accumbens in mediating the actions of drugs of abuse. FEBS J 2020; 288:1462-1474. [PMID: 32702182 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Projections of ventral tegmental area dopamine (DA) neurons to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens have been increasingly implicated as integral to the behavioral and physiological changes involved in the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). Recently, many of these nucleus accumbens-projecting DA neurons were found to also release the neurotransmitter glutamate. This glutamate co-release from DA neurons is critical in mediating the effect of drugs of abuse on addiction-related behaviors. Potential mechanisms underlying the role(s) of dopamine/glutamate co-release in contributing to SUDs are unclear. Nevertheless, an important clue may relate to glutamate's ability to potentiate loading of DA into synaptic vesicles within terminals in the nucleus accumbens in response to drug-induced elevations in neuronal activity, enabling a more robust release of DA after stimulation. Here, we summarize how drugs of abuse, particularly cocaine, opioids, and alcohol, alter DA release in the nucleus accumbens medial shell, examine the potential role of DA/glutamate co-release in mediating these effects, and discuss future directions for further investigating these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas A Buck
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary M Torregrossa
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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26
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Poulin JF, Gaertner Z, Moreno-Ramos OA, Awatramani R. Classification of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Using Single-Cell Gene Expression Profiling Approaches. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:155-169. [PMID: 32101709 PMCID: PMC7285906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional dopamine (DA) signaling has been associated with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, prompting investigations into how midbrain DA neuron heterogeneity may underpin this variety of behavioral symptoms. Emerging literature indeed points to functional heterogeneity even within anatomically defined DA clusters. Recognizing the need for a systematic classification scheme, several groups have used single-cell profiling to catalog DA neurons based on their gene expression profiles. We aim here not only to synthesize points of congruence but also to highlight key differences between the molecular classification schemes derived from these studies. In doing so, we hope to provide a common framework that will facilitate investigations into the functions of DA neuron subtypes in the healthy and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Poulin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary Gaertner
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Pelkey KA, Calvigioni D, Fang C, Vargish G, Ekins T, Auville K, Wester JC, Lai M, Mackenzie-Gray Scott C, Yuan X, Hunt S, Abebe D, Xu Q, Dimidschstein J, Fishell G, Chittajallu R, McBain CJ. Paradoxical network excitation by glutamate release from VGluT3 + GABAergic interneurons. eLife 2020; 9:e51996. [PMID: 32053107 PMCID: PMC7039679 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In violation of Dale's principle several neuronal subtypes utilize more than one classical neurotransmitter. Molecular identification of vesicular glutamate transporter three and cholecystokinin expressing cortical interneurons (CCK+VGluT3+INTs) has prompted speculation of GABA/glutamate corelease from these cells for almost two decades despite a lack of direct evidence. We unequivocally demonstrate CCK+VGluT3+INT-mediated GABA/glutamate cotransmission onto principal cells in adult mice using paired recording and optogenetic approaches. Although under normal conditions, GABAergic inhibition dominates CCK+VGluT3+INT signaling, glutamatergic signaling becomes predominant when glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) function is compromised. CCK+VGluT3+INTs exhibit surprising anatomical diversity comprising subsets of all known dendrite targeting CCK+ interneurons in addition to the expected basket cells, and their extensive circuit innervation profoundly dampens circuit excitability under normal conditions. However, in contexts where the glutamatergic phenotype of CCK+VGluT3+INTs is amplified, they promote paradoxical network hyperexcitability which may be relevant to disorders involving GAD dysfunction such as schizophrenia or vitamin B6 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniela Calvigioni
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Calvin Fang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Geoffrey Vargish
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Tyler Ekins
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kurt Auville
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jason C Wester
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Mandy Lai
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Connie Mackenzie-Gray Scott
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Steven Hunt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel Abebe
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Qing Xu
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYUAbu-DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Jordane Dimidschstein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Chris J McBain
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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28
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Sherer LM, Catudio Garrett E, Morgan HR, Brewer ED, Sirrs LA, Shearin HK, Williams JL, McCabe BD, Stowers RS, Certel SJ. Octopamine neuron dependent aggression requires dVGLUT from dual-transmitting neurons. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008609. [PMID: 32097408 PMCID: PMC7059954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators such as monoamines are often expressed in neurons that also release at least one fast-acting neurotransmitter. The release of a combination of transmitters provides both "classical" and "modulatory" signals that could produce diverse and/or complementary effects in associated circuits. Here, we establish that the majority of Drosophila octopamine (OA) neurons are also glutamatergic and identify the individual contributions of each neurotransmitter on sex-specific behaviors. Males without OA display low levels of aggression and high levels of inter-male courtship. Males deficient for dVGLUT solely in OA-glutamate neurons (OGNs) also exhibit a reduction in aggression, but without a concurrent increase in inter-male courtship. Within OGNs, a portion of VMAT and dVGLUT puncta differ in localization suggesting spatial differences in OA signaling. Our findings establish a previously undetermined role for dVGLUT in OA neurons and suggests that glutamate uncouples aggression from OA-dependent courtship-related behavior. These results indicate that dual neurotransmission can increase the efficacy of individual neurotransmitters while maintaining unique functions within a multi-functional social behavior neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis M. Sherer
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Catudio Garrett
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Hannah R. Morgan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Edmond D. Brewer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Lucy A. Sirrs
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Harold K. Shearin
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brian D. McCabe
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Steven Stowers
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Certel
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Graduate Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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29
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Silm K, Yang J, Marcott PF, Asensio CS, Eriksen J, Guthrie DA, Newman AH, Ford CP, Edwards RH. Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Pathway Determines Neurotransmitter Content and Release Properties. Neuron 2019; 102:786-800.e5. [PMID: 31003725 PMCID: PMC6541489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to temporal coding by synaptically acting neurotransmitters such as glutamate, neuromodulators such as monoamines signal changes in firing rate. The two modes of signaling have been thought to reflect differences in release by different cells. We now find that midbrain dopamine neurons release glutamate and dopamine with different properties that reflect storage in different synaptic vesicles. The vesicles differ in release probability, coupling to presynaptic Ca2+ channels and frequency dependence. Although previous work has attributed variation in these properties to differences in location or cytoskeletal association of synaptic vesicles, the release of different transmitters shows that intrinsic differences in vesicle identity drive different modes of release. Indeed, dopamine but not glutamate vesicles depend on the adaptor protein AP-3, revealing an unrecognized linkage between the pathway of synaptic vesicle recycling and the properties of exocytosis. Storage of the two transmitters in different vesicles enables the transmission of distinct signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kätlin Silm
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela F Marcott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cedric S Asensio
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacob Eriksen
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daryl A Guthrie
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institutes of Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institutes of Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert H Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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30
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Apergis-Schoute J, Burnstock G, Nusbaum MP, Parker D, Morales MA, Trudeau LE, Svensson E. Editorial: Neuronal Co-transmission. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:19. [PMID: 30971899 PMCID: PMC6444159 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Apergis-Schoute
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Burnstock
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael P Nusbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Parker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erik Svensson
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Trudeau LE, El Mestikawy S. Glutamate Cotransmission in Cholinergic, GABAergic and Monoamine Systems: Contrasts and Commonalities. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:113. [PMID: 30618649 PMCID: PMC6305298 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple discoveries made since the identification of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) two decades ago revealed that many neuronal populations in the brain use glutamate in addition to their "primary" neurotransmitter. Such a mode of cotransmission has been detected in dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and surprisingly even in GABA neurons. Interestingly, work performed by multiple groups during the past decade suggests that the use of glutamate as a cotransmitter takes different forms in these different populations of neurons. In the present review, we will provide an overview of glutamate cotransmission in these different classes of neurons, highlighting puzzling differences in: (1) the proportion of such neurons expressing a VGLUT in different brain regions and at different stages of development; (2) the sub-cellular localization of the VGLUT; (3) the localization of the VGLUT in relation to the neurons' other vesicular transporter; and (4) the functional role of glutamate cotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Eric Trudeau
- CNS Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UM 119-CNRS UMR 8246-INSERM U1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Paris, France
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