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Xiong LH, Yang L, Geng J, Tang BZ, He X. All-in-One Alkaline Phosphatase-Response Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe for Cancer Discriminative Imaging and Combinational Chemodynamic-Photodynamic Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17837-17851. [PMID: 38938113 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Currently, specific cancer-responsive fluorogenic probes with activatable imaging and therapeutic functionalities are in great demand in the accurate diagnostics and efficient therapy of malignancies. Herein, an all-in-one strategy is presented to realize fluorescence (FL) imaging-guided and synergetic chemodynamic-photodynamic cancer therapy by using a multifunctional alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-response aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe, TPE-APP. By responding to the abnormal expression levels of an ALP biomarker in cancer cells, the phosphate groups on the AIE probe are selectively hydrolyzed, accompanied by in situ formation of strong emissive AIE aggregates for discriminative cancer cell imaging over normal cells and highly active quinone methide species with robust chemodynamic-photodynamic activities. Consequently, the activated AIE probes can efficiently destroy cancer cell membranes and lead to the death of cancer cells within 30 min. A superior efficacy in cancer cell ablation is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The cancer-associated biomarker response-derived discriminative FL imaging and synergistic chemodynamic-photodynamic therapy are expected to provide a promising avenue for precise image-guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Xiong
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Langyi Yang
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangtao Geng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xuewen He
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Filipe EC, Velayuthar S, Philp A, Nobis M, Latham SL, Parker AL, Murphy KJ, Wyllie K, Major GS, Contreras O, Mok ETY, Enriquez RF, McGowan S, Feher K, Quek L, Hancock SE, Yam M, Tran E, Setargew YFI, Skhinas JN, Chitty JL, Phimmachanh M, Han JZR, Cadell AL, Papanicolaou M, Mahmodi H, Kiedik B, Junankar S, Ross SE, Lam N, Coulson R, Yang J, Zaratzian A, Da Silva AM, Tayao M, Chin IL, Cazet A, Kansara M, Segara D, Parker A, Hoy AJ, Harvey RP, Bogdanovic O, Timpson P, Croucher DR, Lim E, Swarbrick A, Holst J, Turner N, Choi YS, Kabakova IV, Philp A, Cox TR. Tumor Biomechanics Alters Metastatic Dissemination of Triple Negative Breast Cancer via Rewiring Fatty Acid Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307963. [PMID: 38602451 PMCID: PMC11186052 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the role of tumor biomechanics on cancer cell behavior at the primary site has been increasingly appreciated. However, the effect of primary tumor biomechanics on the latter stages of the metastatic cascade, such as metastatic seeding of secondary sites and outgrowth remains underappreciated. This work sought to address this in the context of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a cancer type known to aggressively disseminate at all stages of disease progression. Using mechanically tuneable model systems, mimicking the range of stiffness's typically found within breast tumors, it is found that, contrary to expectations, cancer cells exposed to softer microenvironments are more able to colonize secondary tissues. It is shown that heightened cell survival is driven by enhanced metabolism of fatty acids within TNBC cells exposed to softer microenvironments. It is demonstrated that uncoupling cellular mechanosensing through integrin β1 blocking antibody effectively causes stiff primed TNBC cells to behave like their soft counterparts, both in vitro and in vivo. This work is the first to show that softer tumor microenvironments may be contributing to changes in disease outcome by imprinting on TNBC cells a greater metabolic flexibility and conferring discrete cell survival advantages.
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Batheja S, Gupta S, Tejavath KK, Gupta U. TPP-based conjugates: potential targeting ligands. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103983. [PMID: 38641237 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the major sources of energy as well as regulators of cancer cell metabolism. Thus, they are potential targets for the effective treatment and management of cancer. Research has explored triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives as potent cancer-targeting ligands because of their lipophilic nature and mitochondrial affinity. In this review, we summarize the utility of TPP-based conjugates targeting mitochondria in different types of cancer and other diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Such conjugates offer versatile therapeutic potential by modulating membrane potential, influencing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and coupling of molecular modifications (such as ATP metabolism and energy metabolism). Thus, we highlight TPP conjugates as promising mitochondria-targeting agents for use in targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Batheja
- Nanopolymeric Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Tejavath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, BIBINAGAR, Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR), Telangana 508126, India.
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Nanopolymeric Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India.
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Wu P, Wang X, Yin M, Zhu W, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Shi L, Zhu Q. ULK1 Mediated Autophagy-Promoting Effects of Rutin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Contribute to the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Besides Inhibiting EMT in Hep3B Hepatoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4465-4493. [PMID: 38779103 PMCID: PMC11110815 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer remains to be one of the leading causes of cancer worldwide. The treatment options face several challenges and nanomaterials have proven to improve the bioavailability of several drug candidates and their applications in nanomedicine. Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are extremely biodegradable, pose enhanced biocompatibility and are considered safe for use in medicine. Methods CNPs were synthesized by ionic gelation, loaded with rutin (rCNPs) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rCNPs were tested for their cytotoxic effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells, and experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of such effects. Further, the biocompatibility of the rCNPs was tested on L929 fibroblasts, and their hemocompatibility was determined. Results Initially, UV-vis and FTIR analyses indicated the possible loading of rutin on rCNPs. Further, the rutin load was quantitatively measured using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and the concentration was 88 µg/mL for 0.22 micron filtered rCNPs. The drug loading capacity (LC%) of the rCNPs was observed to be 13.29 ± 0.68%, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was 19.55 ± 1.01%. The drug release was pH-responsive as 88.58% of the drug was released after 24 hrs at the lysosomal pH 5.5, whereas 91.44% of the drug was released at physiological pH 7.4 after 102 hrs. The cytotoxic effects were prominent in 0.22 micron filtered samples of 5 mg/mL rutin precursor. The particle size for the rCNPs at this concentration was 144.1 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.244, which is deemed to be ideal for tumor targeting. A zeta potential (ζ-potential) value of 16.4 mV indicated rCNPs with good stability. The IC50 value for the cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on human hepatoma Hep3B cells was 9.7 ± 0.19 μg/mL of rutin load. In addition, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed. Gene expression studies indicated that the mechanism for cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on Hep3B cells was due to the activation of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase (ULK1) mediated autophagy and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling besides inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In addition, the rCNPs were less toxic on NCTC clone 929 (L929) fibroblasts in comparison to the Hep3B cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility (less than 2% of hemolysis). Conclusion The synthesized rCNPs were pH-responsive and possessed the physicochemical properties suitable for tumor targeting. The particles were effectively cytotoxic on Hep3B cells in comparison to normal cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility. The very low hemolytic profile of rCNPs indicates that the drug could be administered intravenously for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- The People’s Hospital of Rugao, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yin
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longqing Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Popgeorgiev N, Gil C, Berthenet K, Bertolin G, Ichim G. Shedding light on mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization and membrane potential: State of the art methods and biosensors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:58-65. [PMID: 37438211 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane structural integrity is essential for optimal mitochondrial function. These organelles produce the energy needed for all vital processes, provided their outer and inner membranes are intact. This prevents the release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors into the cytosol and ensures intact mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) to sustain ATP production. Cell death by apoptosis is generally triggered by outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MOMP), tightly coupled with loss of ΔΨ m. As these two processes are essential for both mitochondrial function and cell death, researchers have devised various techniques to assess them. Here, we discuss current methods and biosensors available for detecting MOMP and measuring ΔΨ m, focusing on their advantages and limitations and discuss what new imaging tools are needed to improve our knowledge of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Clara Gil
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France
| | - Giulia Bertolin
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IGDR (Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes), Rennes, France.
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Cell Death laboratory, part of LabEX DEVweCAN, Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, CRCL, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon I, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN Lyon, France.
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Haastrup MO, Vikramdeo KS, Anand S, Khan MA, Carter JE, Singh S, Singh AP, Dasgupta S. Mitochondrial Translocase TOMM22 Is Overexpressed in Pancreatic Cancer and Promotes Aggressive Growth by Modulating Mitochondrial Protein Import and Function. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:197-208. [PMID: 37878010 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis among all cancers, underscoring the need for improved management strategies. Dysregulated mitochondrial function is a common feature in several malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Although mitochondria have their own genome, most mitochondrial proteins are nuclear-encoded and imported by a multi-subunit translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOMM). TOMM22 is the central receptor of the TOMM complex and plays a role in complex assembly. Pathobiologic roles of TOMM subunits remain largely unexplored. Here we report that TOMM22 protein/mRNA is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and inversely correlated with disease outcomes. TOMM22 silencing decreased, while its forced overexpression promoted the growth and malignant potential of the pancreatic cancer cells. Increased import of several mitochondrial proteins, including those associated with mitochondrial respiration, was observed upon TOMM22 overexpression which was associated with increased RCI activity, NAD+/NADH ratio, oxygen consumption rate, membrane potential, and ATP production. Inhibition of RCI activity decreased ATP levels and suppressed pancreatic cancer cell growth and malignant behavior confirming that increased TOMM22 expression mediated the phenotypic changes via its modulation of mitochondrial protein import and functions. Altogether, these results suggest that TOMM22 overexpression plays a significant role in pancreatic cancer pathobiology by altering mitochondrial protein import and functions. IMPLICATIONS TOMM22 bears potential for early diagnostic/prognostic biomarker development and therapeutic targeting for better management of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Oluwadamilola Haastrup
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Shashi Anand
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - James Elliot Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Seema Singh
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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7
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Cheng YS, Chen HY, Lin YC, Lin YS, Yeh YC, Yeh YH, Cheng YH, Lin YM, Weng HY, Lin TY, Lin SC. The MAEL expression in mitochondria of human spermatozoa and the association with asthenozoospermia. Andrology 2023; 11:1286-1294. [PMID: 36779514 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The maelstrom spermatogenic transposon silencer (MAEL) function in postmeiotic germ cells remains unclear, and its protein localization in human testis and spermatozoa awaits determination. This study aims to clarify the MAEL expression in human spermatogenesis and to explore its role in sperm function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven asthenozoospermic men, 40 normozoospermic controls, and three obstructive azoospermic men were enrolled. The transcripts of MAEL in the seminiferous epithelium and MAEL downstream targets were identified by bioinformatics analysis. MAEL protein expression in human testis and ejaculated sperms were examined by immunohistochemical and immunogold staining, respectively. The roles of MAEL in mitochondria function were investigated by siRNA knockdown in human H358 cells. The association between MAEL protein levels and clinical sperm features was evaluated. RESULTS Abundant MAEL was expressed in spermatid and spermatozoa of the human testis. Remarkably, MAEL was located in the mitochondria of ejaculated sperm, and bioinformatics analysis identified GPX4 and UBL4B as MAEL's downstream targets. Knockdown of MAEL sabotaged mitochondria function and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in H358 cells. MAEL, GPX4, and UBL4B expression levels were significantly decreased in asthenozoospermic sperms than in controls. The MAEL protein levels were positively correlated with GPX4 and UBL4B in human sperm. Total motile sperm count (TMSC) was positively correlated with protein levels of MAEL, GPX4, and UBL4B in ejaculated sperms. CONCLUSIONS We highlight prominent MAEL expression in the intratesticular spermatid and the mitochondria of ejaculated spermatozoa. MAEL directly binds to GPX4 and UBL4B, and loss of MAEL induces mitochondrial dysfunction. MAEL-mitochondrial function-motility relationship might advance our understanding of the causes of asthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Lin
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Syuan Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Yeh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Lin
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Weng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yen Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Bobba-Alves N, Sturm G, Lin J, Ware SA, Karan KR, Monzel AS, Bris C, Procaccio V, Lenaers G, Higgins-Chen A, Levine M, Horvath S, Santhanam BS, Kaufman BA, Hirano M, Epel E, Picard M. Cellular allostatic load is linked to increased energy expenditure and accelerated biological aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 155:106322. [PMID: 37423094 PMCID: PMC10528419 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress triggers anticipatory physiological responses that promote survival, a phenomenon termed allostasis. However, the chronic activation of energy-dependent allostatic responses results in allostatic load, a dysregulated state that predicts functional decline, accelerates aging, and increases mortality in humans. The energetic cost and cellular basis for the damaging effects of allostatic load have not been defined. Here, by longitudinally profiling three unrelated primary human fibroblast lines across their lifespan, we find that chronic glucocorticoid exposure increases cellular energy expenditure by ∼60%, along with a metabolic shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This state of stress-induced hypermetabolism is linked to mtDNA instability, non-linearly affects age-related cytokines secretion, and accelerates cellular aging based on DNA methylation clocks, telomere shortening rate, and reduced lifespan. Pharmacologically normalizing OxPhos activity while further increasing energy expenditure exacerbates the accelerated aging phenotype, pointing to total energy expenditure as a potential driver of aging dynamics. Together, our findings define bioenergetic and multi-omic recalibrations of stress adaptation, underscoring increased energy expenditure and accelerated cellular aging as interrelated features of cellular allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bobba-Alves
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sarah A Ware
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute and Center for Metabolic and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kalpita R Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna S Monzel
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Céline Bris
- Department of Genetics, Angers Hospital, Angers, France; MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Department of Genetics, Angers Hospital, Angers, France; MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Department of Neurology, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Albert Higgins-Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States
| | - Morgan Levine
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA United States
| | - Steve Horvath
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA United States
| | - Balaji S Santhanam
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Systems Biology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute and Center for Metabolic and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
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10
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Gooz M, Maldonado EN. Fluorescence microscopy imaging of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1152553. [PMID: 37427141 PMCID: PMC10326048 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is an important contributor to cancer cell survival and proliferation that coexists with enhanced glycolytic activity. Measuring mitochondrial activity is useful to characterize cancer metabolism patterns, to identify metabolic vulnerabilities and to identify new drug targets. Optical imaging, especially fluorescent microscopy, is one of the most valuable tools for studying mitochondrial bioenergetics because it provides semiquantitative and quantitative readouts as well as spatiotemporal resolution of mitochondrial metabolism. This review aims to acquaint the reader with microscopy imaging techniques currently used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are major readouts of mitochondrial metabolism. We describe features, advantages, and limitations of the most used fluorescence imaging modalities: widefield, confocal and multiphoton microscopy, and fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIM). We also discus relevant aspects of image processing. We briefly describe the role and production of NADH, NADHP, flavins and various ROS including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and discuss how these parameters can be analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. We also explain the importance, value, and limitations of label-free autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD. Practical hints for the use of fluorescent probes and newly developed sensors for imaging ΔΨm, ATP and ROS are described. Overall, we provide updated information about the use of microscopy to study cancer metabolism that will be of interest to all investigators regardless of their level of expertise in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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11
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Triolo M, Wade S, Baker N, Khacho M. Evaluating mitochondrial length, volume, and cristae ultrastructure in rare mouse adult stem cell populations. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102107. [PMID: 36853728 PMCID: PMC9943866 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since changes in mitochondrial morphology regulate key functions of stem cells, it is important to assess their structure under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we present techniques optimized in rare adult muscle stem cells (MuSCs). For evaluating mitochondrial length and volume within a compact cytoplasmic area in MuSCs on intact myofibers, we describe steps for mitochondrial staining, imaging, and quantification. For evaluating mitochondrial ultrastructure in small cell numbers, we describe steps for agarose embedding and quantification by TEM. For complete details on generation and use of this protocol, please refer to Baker et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Triolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Steven Wade
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicole Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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12
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AbuEid M, Keyes RF, McAllister D, Peterson F, Kadamberi IP, Sprague DJ, Chaluvally-Raghavan P, Smith BC, Dwinell MB. Fluorinated triphenylphosphonium analogs improve cell selectivity and in vivo detection of mito-metformin. iScience 2022; 25:105670. [PMID: 36567718 PMCID: PMC9768319 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) conjugated compounds selectively target cancer cells by exploiting their hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. To date, studies have focused on modifying either the linker or the cargo of TPP+-conjugated compounds. Here, we investigated the biological effects of direct modification to TPP+ to improve the efficacy and detection of mito-metformin (MMe), a TPP+-conjugated probe we have shown to have promising preclinical efficacy against solid cancer cells. We designed, synthesized, and tested trifluoromethyl and methoxy MMe analogs (pCF3-MMe, mCF3-MMe, and pMeO-MMe) against multiple distinct human cancer cells. pCF3-MMe showed enhanced selectivity toward cancer cells compared to MMe, while retaining the same signaling mechanism. Importantly, pCF3-MMe allowed quantitative monitoring of cellular accumulation via 19F-NMR in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, adding trifluoromethyl groups to TPP+ reduced toxicity in vivo while retaining anti-tumor efficacy, opening an avenue to de-risk these next-generation TPP+-conjugated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud AbuEid
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | - Robert F. Keyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | - Donna McAllister
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | - Francis Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Sprague
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA
| | | | - Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53122, USA,Corresponding author
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13
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Youden B, Jiang R, Carrier AJ, Servos MR, Zhang X. A Nanomedicine Structure-Activity Framework for Research, Development, and Regulation of Future Cancer Therapies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17497-17551. [PMID: 36322785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite their clinical success in drug delivery applications, the potential of theranostic nanomedicines is hampered by mechanistic uncertainty and a lack of science-informed regulatory guidance. Both the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of nanoformulations are tightly controlled by the complex interplay of the nanoparticle's physicochemical properties and the individual patient/tumor biology; however, it can be difficult to correlate such information with observed outcomes. Additionally, as nanomedicine research attempts to gradually move away from large-scale animal testing, the need for computer-assisted solutions for evaluation will increase. Such models will depend on a clear understanding of structure-activity relationships. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field of cancer nanomedicine and provides a knowledge framework and foundational interaction maps that can facilitate future research, assessments, and regulation. By forming three complementary maps profiling nanobio interactions and pathways at different levels of biological complexity, a clear picture of a nanoparticle's journey through the body and the therapeutic and adverse consequences of each potential interaction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Youden
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Runqing Jiang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 1G3, Canada
| | - Andrew J Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
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14
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Yin Y, Shen H. Common methods in mitochondrial research (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:126. [PMID: 36004457 PMCID: PMC9448300 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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15
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Heslop KA, Burger P, Kappler C, Solanki AK, Gooz M, Peterson YK, Mills C, Benton T, Duncan SA, Woster PM, Maldonado EN. Small molecules targeting the NADH-binding pocket of VDAC modulate mitochondrial metabolism in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112928. [PMID: 35447542 PMCID: PMC9400819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) control the flux of most anionic respiratory substrates, ATP, ADP, and small cations, crossing the outer mitochondrial membrane. VDAC closure contributes to the partial suppression of mitochondrial metabolism that favors the Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. Recently, it has been shown that NADH binds to a specific pocket in the inner surface of VDAC1, also conserved in VDAC2 and 3, closing the channel. We hypothesized that binding of small molecules to the NADH pocket, maintain VDAC in an open configuration by preventing closure induced by NADH and possible other endogenous regulators. We screened in silico, the South Carolina Compound Collection SC3 (~ 100,000 proprietary molecules), using shape-based queries of the NADH binding region of VDAC. After molecular docking of selected compounds, we physically screened candidates using mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), as an overall readout of mitochondrial metabolism. We identified SC18, as the most potent compound. SC18 bound to VDAC1, as assessed by a thermal shift assay. Short-term treatment with SC18 decreased ΔΨm in SNU-449 and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. Mitochondrial depolarization was similar in wild type, VDAC1/2, 1/3, and 2/3 double KO HepG2 cells indicating that the effect of SC18 was not VDAC isoform-dependent. In addition, SC18 decreased mitochondrial NADH and cellular ATP production; and increased basal respiration. Long-term exposure to SC18, decreased cell proliferation as determined by wound-healing and cell viability assays. In summary, SC18 is a novel VDAC-targeting small molecule that induces mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Pieter Burger
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christiana Kappler
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Catherine Mills
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thomas Benton
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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16
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Unbiased Millivolts Assay of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Intact Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:11-61. [PMID: 35771433 PMCID: PMC9377305 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) is the major component of the bioenergetic driving force responsible for most cellular ATP produced, and it controls a host of biological processes. In intact cells, assay readouts with commonly used fluorescence ΔψM probes are distorted by factors other than ΔψM. Here, we describe a protocol to calculate both ΔψM and plasma membrane potential (ΔψP) in absolute millivolts in intact single cells, or in populations of adherent, cultured cells. Our approach generates unbiased data that allows comparison of ΔψM between cell types with different geometry and ΔψP, and to follow ΔψM in time when ΔψP fluctuates. The experimental paradigm results in fluorescence microscopy time courses using a pair of cationic and anionic probes with internal calibration points that are subsequently computationally converted to millivolts on an absolute scale. The assay is compatible with wide field, confocal or two-photon microscopy. The method given here is optimized for a multiplexed, partial 96-well microplate format to record ΔψP and ΔψM responses for three consecutive treatment additions.
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17
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Heslop KA, Rovini A, Gooz M, Maldonado EN. Fast Determination of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Respiratory Complex Activity in Permeabilized and Intact Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:1-10. [PMID: 35771432 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of mitochondrial metabolism is multidimensional and time consuming, usually requiring specific training. Respiration, NADH generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) are dynamic readouts of the metabolism and bioenergetics of mitochondria. Methodologies available to determine functional parameters in isolated mitochondria and permeabilized cells are sometimes of limited use or inapplicable to studies in live cells. In particular, the sequential assessment of the activity of each complex in the electron transport chain has not been reported in intact cells. Here, we describe a novel approach to sequentially assess electron flow through all respiratory complexes in permeabilized and intact cells by respirometry. We also describe a highly sensitive and fast method to assess ΔΨm and NADH generation in live cells using plate reader assays. Thus, our combined method allows a relatively inexpensive and fast determination of three major readouts of mitochondrial function in a few hours, using equipment that is frequently available in many laboratories worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem A Heslop
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amandine Rovini
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. .,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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18
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Xu HG, Reshetnikov V, Wondrak M, Eckhardt L, Kunz-Schughart LA, Janko C, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Borchardt H, Aigner A, Gong W, Schmitt M, Sellner L, Daum S, Özkan HG, Mokhir A. Intracellular Amplifiers of Reactive Oxygen Species Affecting Mitochondria as Radiosensitizers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:208. [PMID: 35008371 PMCID: PMC8750417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) efficacy can be improved by using radiosensitizers, i.e., drugs enhancing the effect of ionizing radiation (IR). One of the side effects of RT includes damage of normal tissue in close proximity to the treated tumor. This problem can be solved by applying cancer specific radiosensitizers. N-Alkylaminoferrocene-based (NAAF) prodrugs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Therefore, they can potentially act as cancer specific radiosensitizers. However, early NAAF prodrugs did not exhibit this property. Since functional mitochondria are important for RT resistance, we assumed that NAAF prodrugs affecting mitochondria in parallel with increasing intracellular ROS can potentially exhibit synergy with RT. We applied sequential Cu+-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions (CuAAC) to obtain a series of NAAF derivatives with the goal of improving anticancer efficacies over already existing compounds. One of the obtained prodrugs (2c) exhibited high anticancer activity with IC50 values in the range of 5-7.1 µM in human ovarian carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, pancreatic carcinoma and T-cell leukemia cells retained moderate water solubility and showed cancer specificity. 2c strongly affects mitochondria of cancer cells, leading to the amplification of mitochondrial and total ROS production and thus causing cell death via necrosis and apoptosis. We observed that 2c acts as a radiosensitizer in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. This is the first demonstration of a synergy between the radiotherapy and NAAF-based ROS amplifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gui Xu
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Viktor Reshetnikov
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Marit Wondrak
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
| | - Lisa Eckhardt
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.W.); (L.E.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.J.); (R.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (H.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (W.G.); (M.S.); (L.S.)
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steffen Daum
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
- Merck, Im Laternenacker 5, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Organic Chemistry Chair II, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (H.-G.X.); (V.R.); (S.D.); (H.G.Ö.)
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19
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Farkas DL. Biomedical Applications of Translational Optical Imaging: From Molecules to Humans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216651. [PMID: 34771060 PMCID: PMC8587670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a powerful investigational tool in biomedicine, at all levels of structural organization. Its multitude of features (intensity, wavelength, polarization, interference, coherence, timing, non-linear absorption, and even interactions with itself) able to create contrast, and thus images that detail the makeup and functioning of the living state can and should be combined for maximum effect, especially if one seeks simultaneously high spatiotemporal resolution and discrimination ability within a living organism. The resulting high relevance should be directed towards a better understanding, detection of abnormalities, and ultimately cogent, precise, and effective intervention. The new optical methods and their combinations needed to address modern surgery in the operating room of the future, and major diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are reviewed here, with emphasis on our own work and highlighting selected applications focusing on quantitation, early detection, treatment assessment, and clinical relevance, and more generally matching the quality of the optical detection approach to the complexity of the disease. This should provide guidance for future advanced theranostics, emphasizing a tighter coupling-spatially and temporally-between detection, diagnosis, and treatment, in the hope that technologic sophistication such as that of a Mars rover can be translationally deployed in the clinic, for saving and improving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Farkas
- PhotoNanoscopy and Acceleritas Corporations, 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Sherman Oaks, CA 91423, USA; ; Tel.: +1-310-600-7102
- Clinical Photonics Corporation, 8591 Skyline Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90046, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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20
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Kumar S, Ashraf R, C K A. Mitochondrial dynamics regulators: implications for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:377-406. [PMID: 34661828 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the recent advances in therapeutic developments, cancer is still among the primary causes of death globally, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Mitochondria, a dynamic organelle, continuously undergo the fusion and fission processes to meet cell requirements. The balanced fission and fusion processes, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, coordinate mitochondrial shape, size, number, energy metabolism, cell cycle, mitophagy, and apoptosis. An imbalance between these opposing events alters mitochondWangrial dynamics, affects the overall mitochondrial shape, and deregulates mitochondrial function. Emerging evidence indicates that alteration of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to various aspects of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial dynamics regulator could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. This review will address the role of imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in mitochondrial dysfunction during cancer progression. We will outline the clinical significance of mitochondrial dynamics regulators in various cancer types with recent updates in cancer stemness and chemoresistance and its therapeutic potential and clinical utility as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Rahail Ashraf
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Aparna C K
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
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21
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Sun Y, Yang Q, Xia X, Li X, Ruan W, Zheng M, Zou Y, Shi B. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Mitochondria Targeting Mediated Robust Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:755727. [PMID: 34692665 PMCID: PMC8526929 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.755727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all sorts of innovations in medical researches over the past decades, cancer remains a major threat to human health. Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells, and their dysfunctions contribute to numerous diseases including cancers. Mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy, which specifically delivers drugs into the mitochondria, is a promising strategy for enhancing anticancer treatment efficiency. However, owing to their special double-layered membrane system and highly negative potentials, mitochondria remain a challenging target for therapeutic agents to reach and access. Polymeric nanoparticles exceed in cancer therapy ascribed to their unique features including ideal biocompatibility, readily design and synthesis, as well as flexible ligand decoration. Significant efforts have been put forward to develop mitochondria-targeted polymeric nanoparticles. In this review, we focused on the smart design of polymeric nanosystems for mitochondria targeting and summarized the current applications in improving cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Sun
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaozhe Li
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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