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Shah AN, Vinaithirthan V, Syed AS, Thurmon K, Mann A, Fainstad T. National Comparison of Burnout for a Cohort of Surgical and Nonsurgical Female Trainees. J Surg Res 2024; 296:404-410. [PMID: 38310655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that female physician trainees have an increased risk of burnout. We describe the current state of surgical and nonsurgical female trainee well-being and examine differences between surgical and nonsurgical specialties. METHODS Survey responses were received from 1017 female identifying trainees from 26 graduate medical education institutions across the United States. These survey responses included demographic data and well-being measures. Specifically, burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's Chi-squared test data with significance defined as a P < 0.05. This survey was reported in line with strengthening the reporting of cohort studies in surgery criteria. RESULTS Nine-hundred ninety-nine participants completed the demographic and well-being section of the surveys and were included in analysis. Demographic data between the surgical versus nonsurgical group were similar, aside from surgeons being slightly older. Burnout was prevalent among all surveyed trainees with 63% scoring positive. Trainees also scored high in imposter syndrome and moral injury with low levels of self-compassion, although respondents also reported themselves flourishing. Surgical trainees scored higher than nonsurgical trainees in the personal accomplishment domain of burnout (P < 0.048). There was no difference between surgical and nonsurgical trainees in measures of the emotional exhaustion or depersonalization domains of burnout, or in impostor syndrome, self-compassion, moral injury, or flourishing. CONCLUSIONS While personal accomplishment was noted to be higher in surgical trainees as compared to nonsurgical trainees, overall rates of burnout are high among both groups. Targeted interventions for well-being, such as coaching, can help decrease the levels of burnout experienced by female physician trainees and do not need to be specialty specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami N Shah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | | | - Adnan S Syed
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kerri Thurmon
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adrienne Mann
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tyra Fainstad
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Di Vincenzo M, Arsenio E, Della Rocca B, Rosa A, Tretola L, Toricco R, Boiano A, Catapano P, Cavaliere S, Volpicelli A, Sampogna G, Fiorillo A. Is There a Burnout Epidemic among Medical Students? Results from a Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:575. [PMID: 38674221 PMCID: PMC11052230 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medical students represent the ideal target group for promoting mental health and mental wellbeing, being exposed to specific risk factors, such as the content of medical training, the exposure to sickness and death, and a stressful academic routine. Medical students report high levels of cynicism and emotional exhaustion, which represent two of the essential features of burnout syndrome. In this systematic review, studies assessing the levels of burnout among medical students through validated tools worldwide were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review has been performed in order to identify studies: (1) focusing on samples of medical students; (2) evaluating burnout syndrome using validated tools; (3) providing prevalence data on burnout; and (4) written in English. Results: Out of the 5547 papers initially obtained, 64 were finally included in the analysis. The sample sizes ranged from 51 to 2682 participants. Almost all studies had a cross-sectional design; the Maslach Burnout Inventory and its related versions were the most frequently used assessment tools. The prevalence of burnout, which was stratified based on gender and academic stage, ranged from 5.6 to 88%. Burnout was mostly predicted by thoughts of stopping medical education, negative life events, lack of support, dissatisfaction, and poor motivation. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical students is quite heterogeneous, reaching a peak of 88% in some countries. However, several predictors have been identified, including negative life events or poor motivation. These findings highlight the need to develop preventive interventions targeting the future generation of medical doctors, in order to improve their coping strategies and resilience styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy (S.C.)
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Eley DS, Slavin SJ. Medical student mental health - the intransigent global dilemma: Contributors and potential solutions. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:156-161. [PMID: 37976369 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2279909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diann S Eley
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart J Slavin
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hoferichter F, Jentsch A, Maas L, Hageman G. Burnout among high school students is linked to their telomere length and relatedness with peers. Stress 2023; 26:2240909. [PMID: 37489893 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2240909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
School burnout is a serious concern, as it impairs students' health and academic success. According to the Conservation of Resources Theory, burnout results from the depletion of personal coping resources and can be counteracted by supportive social relationships. However, it is not yet clear how students' relatedness with their peers is linked to their burnout. Next to students' self-reported fatigue, biomarkers such as telomere length (TL), which presents an indicator of aging, complement stress research. To identify school-related factors that may prevent students from experiencing burnout and to link TL to students' self-reported burnout, the current study investigated how relatedness with peers as well as TL at the beginning of the school year explained students' burnout at the end of the school year. The sample included 78 students (Mage = 13.7 ± 0.7 years; 48% girls). Results of multilevel analysis in Mplus indicate that, over the school year, students with higher TL and those who experienced relatedness with their peers reported lower levels of burnout. Moreover, students who felt related to their peers exhibited a longer TL. The study implies that students' relatedness with their peers may be a promising setscrew to prevent students' burnout and support their physical health. This is one of the first studies to link TL with school-related variables such as burnout and relatedness to peers in a non-clinical student sample, providing a baseline for interventions and future interdisciplinary studies in the field of education and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Jentsch
- Department of Teacher Education and School Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lou Maas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Geja Hageman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Scullion R, Icke K, Tissen-Diabaté T, Adam D, Ortiz M, Witt CM, Brinkhaus B, Stöckigt B. Self-care strategies for medical students: an uncontrolled mixed-methods evaluation of a mind-body-medicine group course. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:816. [PMID: 37907897 PMCID: PMC10617184 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High stress during medical education and its detrimental effects on student health is well documented. This exploratory evaluation study assesses a 10-week Mind-Body-Medicine student course, created to promote student self-care at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. METHODS During 2012-2019, uncontrolled quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from 112 student participants. Outcomes including changes in perceived stress (PSS), mindfulness (FMI/MAAS), self-reflection (GRAS), self-efficacy (GSE), empathy (SPF), and health-related quality of life (SF-12) were measured between the first (T0) and last sessions (T1). Qualitative data were obtained in focus groups at course completion and triangulated with quantitative data. RESULTS Quantitative outcomes showed decreases in perceived stress and increased self-efficacy, mindfulness, self-reflection, and empathy. In focus groups, students reported greater abilities to self-regulate stressful experiences, personal growth and new insights into integrative medicine. Triangulation grounded these effects of MBM practice in its social context, creating an interdependent dynamic between experiences of self and others. CONCLUSION After completing an MBM course, students reported reduced perceived stress, increased self-efficacy, mindfulness, empathy and positive engagement with integrative concepts of doctor-patient relationships. Further research with larger randomized confirmatory studies is needed to validate these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Scullion
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Icke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Adam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Ortiz
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia M Witt
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benno Brinkhaus
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Stöckigt
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Kuehn T, Crandall C, Schmidt J, Richards Z, Park T, Szczepaniak M, Zapata I, Wardle M. The impact of global health outreach experiences on medical student burnout. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:476. [PMID: 37365546 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student burnout during medical education is a prevalent and critical problem. Burnout has reaching consequences, including negative health outcomes for students, financial loss for schools, and worsened patient care as students transition to practice. Global Health Outreach Experiences (GHOEs), known to enhance cultural awareness and clinical knowledge among medical students, are offered in most programs. Prior studies document that GHOEs benefit physicians suffering from burnout, with effects demonstrating improvement over 6 months. No study, to our knowledge, has assessed the influence GHOEs may have on medical student burnout with a comparable control group. This study examines whether participation in a GHOE, compared to a standard break from school, has a positive effect on burnout. METHODS A case control study utilizing the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was conducted on medical students. 41 students participated in a one-week, spring break GHOE and 252 were randomly selected as non-participating students in a control group. Assessments were gathered 1 week prior, 1 week after, and 10 weeks after spring break. Response across the surveys in chronological order included 22, 20, 19 GHOE and 70, 66, 50 control participants. RESULTS A significant reduction in personal burnout (PB) (P = 0.0161), studies related burnout (SRB) (P = 0.0056), and colleagues related burnout (CRB) (P = 0.0357) was found among GHOE attendees compared to control participants at 10-weeks after spring break. When modeled with potential confounders, CRB and SRB reductions remained significant. CONCLUSION GHOEs may be a potential tool for institutions to combat burnout rates in their students. The benefits of GHOEs appear to enhance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuehn
- Department of Primary Care, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center Street, Ivins, UT, 84738, USA
| | - Cody Crandall
- Department of Primary Care, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center Street, Ivins, UT, 84738, USA
| | - Jefferson Schmidt
- Department of Primary Care, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center Street, Ivins, UT, 84738, USA
| | - Zeke Richards
- Department of Primary Care, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center Street, Ivins, UT, 84738, USA
| | - Taylor Park
- Department of Primary Care, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center Street, Ivins, UT, 84738, USA
| | - Morgan Szczepaniak
- Department of Primary Care, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center Street, Ivins, UT, 84738, USA
| | - Isain Zapata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, 80112, USA
| | - Mark Wardle
- Department of Primary Care, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 255 E. Center Street, Ivins, UT, 84738, USA.
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Cat TB, El-Ibiary SY, Lee KC. Evaluation of a Well-being Promotion (WelPro) Program on Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) Student Burnout. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100071. [PMID: 37316133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the Well-being Promotion (WelPro) program and its effect on burnout in Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) students at the University of California, San Francisco. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study evaluating the WelPro program was conducted in the class of 2021 (Transformation, a 3-year all-year-round curriculum, and Pathway (P), a 4-year traditional curriculum) APPE students. The primary and secondary aims were to evaluate changes in emotional exhaustion (EE) scores from the beginning of year (BOY) to end of year (EOY) for the class of 2021 students and compare EOY EE scores between the classes of 2021 (P) and 2020 (P) students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS [MP]) survey. Independent and paired t tests were used to evaluate EE scores; Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney rank sum test were used to evaluate ordinal data. RESULTS Evaluable survey response rates were 69.6% BOY and 57.7% EOY for the class of 2021 students and 78.7% EOY for the class of 2020 (P) students. No differences in EE scores were observed for the matched class of 2021 from BOY to EOY and between classes of 2021 (P) and 2020 (P) students. CONCLUSION WelPro did not change EE scores for class of 2021 APPE students. Given multiple confounding factors in the study, additional studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of such a program on APPE student burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram B Cat
- University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kelly C Lee
- University of California, San Diego - Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Wilson R, Varshney K, Petrera M, Hoff N, Thiel V, Frasso R. Reflections of Graduating Medical Students: A Photo-Elicitation Study. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:363-367. [PMID: 36811080 PMCID: PMC9933809 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Medical school is associated with increased mental health morbidity that can result in professional burnout. To explore the sources of stress and means of coping for medical students, the photo-elicitation method was utilized, with interviews being conducted. The commonly discussed stressors included the presence of academic stress, difficulty relating to peers outside of medicine, frustration, feelings of helplessness and under-preparedness, imposter syndrome, and competition. Coping themes included camaraderie, interpersonal relationships, and wellness activities such as diet and exercise. Medical students are exposed to unique stressors, and as a result, students develop coping strategies throughout their studies. Further research is needed to identify how to better support students. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01758-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wilson
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Karan Varshney
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
- Deakin School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matteo Petrera
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Nathan Hoff
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Vanessa Thiel
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rosemary Frasso
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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9
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Ardenghi S, Russo S, Bani M, Rampoldi G, Strepparava MG. Supporting students with empathy: the association between empathy and coping strategies in pre-clinical medical students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHow medical students cope with stress predicts their mental health and academic/clinical performances, making the promotion of functional copy strategies a relevant outcome for medical educators. Empathy has been reported to be connected with coping. This study wanted to explore the most used coping strategies and whether gender differences existed, and to investigate whether and to what extent empathy affected coping in a sample of pre-clinical medical students. In a cross-sectional study design, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced - New Italian Version (COPE-NIV) were administered to 398 (53% females) Italian second-year medical students. T-tests and multiple regression analyses were used to explore gender differences and the association between IRI and COPE-NIV scores, respectively. Problem Orientation obtained the highest mean score, whereas Avoidance the lowest one. Females outscored males on Social Support (t = 4.95, p < .001) and Transcendent Orientation (t = 4.04, p < .001). After controlling for gender, Empathic Concern was positively associated with Social Support (β = 0.223, p = .001) and Transcendent Orientation (β = 0.234, p = .001). Perspective Taking was positively and negatively associated with Positive Attitude (β = 0.248, p < .001) and Transcendent Orientation (β = − 0.180, p = .008), respectively. Personal Distress was negatively related to Problem Orientation (β = − 0.250, p < .001). Educational and psychological counselling interventions targeting empathy should be implemented in the pre-clinical years to equip medical students to cope functionally with the emotional distress linked to medical school.
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10
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Querido SJ, de Rond MEJ, Wigersma L, ten Cate O. Some residents drop out of specialty training. How important is prior clinical experience? A survey among residents in the Netherlands. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 40:Doc5. [PMID: 36923321 PMCID: PMC10010763 DOI: 10.3205/zma001587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The drop-out rate among residents across all medical specialties in the Netherlands approximates 12.7%. This implies a capacity loss in the medical workforce, a waste of educational resources and personal damage to individuals. The aim of our study was to investigate reasons for dropping out of residency and the relationship with medical work experience after medical school and prior to residency, which is common among Dutch graduates. METHOD A questionnaire listing 28 reasons for drop-out was developed and tested. The questionnaire was sent in a nationwide survey to all residents who drop out between 1 September 2017 and 1 September 2019. The respondents were asked to indicate on a 5-point Likert scale, how they weighed reasons for drop-out. Factor analysis was applied to identify dominant factors. RESULTS The response rate was 39% (N=129; 99 females) representing all medical specialties. The factor structure of our measure showed 5 factors; high emotional job demands, lack of professional satisfaction, incompatible lifestyle, tensions in working relationships and disappointing career perspectives. Of the respondents 69 (54%) had prior clinical experience as a physician-not-in-training in the same medical specialty before residency. The factor "lack of professional satisfaction" weighed heavier for respondents without prior experience as a reason for drop-out. CONCLUSION Of influence on dropping out of residency is the lack of a clear image of the responsibilities as a physician within the residency of choice, fuelled by limited prior experience after medical school and before residency. One third of dropouts confirmed that prior physician experience within the same specialty could have prevented dropping out or prevented choosing this specialty in the first place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J. Querido
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Research and Development of Education, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Board for Specialty training in Elderly Care Medicine in the Netherlands (SOON), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lode Wigersma
- Dutch Association of Public Health Physicians (VAV), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ole ten Cate
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Research and Development of Education, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gilbey P, Moffat M, Sharabi-Nov A, Cohen O, Kroszynski GN, Karnieli-Miller O, Gillis R, Urkin J, Moscovici K. Burnout in Israeli medical students: a national survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 36690999 PMCID: PMC9870773 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional burnout is characterized by loss of enthusiasm for work, cynicism, and a low sense of personal efficacy. Burnout may adversely affect medical professionalism. Burnout is common in clinicians and varying rates have been reported in medical students. No data exist regarding the prevalence of burnout among Israeli medical students. The aims of this study were to assess the rate of burnout in Israeli medical students and to identify students who were particularly susceptible to burnout. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire design was employed, gathering data from medical students in all years of study across three medical schools. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS), translated into Hebrew. RESULTS Of the 2160 students in the participating medical schools, 966 (44.7%) completed MBI-SS and demographic questionnaires. The overall burnout rate was 50.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded that female gender, age under 25, advanced year of study, studying at a specific medical school and not being a parent are all significantly correlated with higher levels of burnout. CONCLUSIONS A high rate of burnout was found. The identification of young women who are not parents during advanced years of studies as being at-risk is important, in order to guide the development of burnout prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gilbey
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed, Israel.
| | - Mandy Moffat
- Centre for Medical Education, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Omri Cohen
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed, Israel
| | - Galit Neufeld Kroszynski
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Karnieli-Miller
- Department of Medical Education, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Gillis
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Urkin
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Khen Moscovici
- Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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12
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Wang J, Fitzke RE, Tran DD, Grell J, Pedersen ER. Mental health treatment-seeking behaviors in medical students: A mixed-methods approach. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE ACCESS 2023; 7:27550834221147787. [PMID: 36685149 PMCID: PMC9846589 DOI: 10.1177/27550834221147787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Healthcare professionals can experience problems regarding mental health and emotional well-being (e.g. burnout) at a higher degree compared to their non-physician counterparts. Fear of stigma is often a barrier to seeking treatment among physicians. However, there is a shortage of studies related to mental health and treatment seeking among trainees and medical students. Objectives This study sought to examine mental health in U.S. medical students, factors contributing to mental health symptoms, and obstacles to seeking treatment. Design and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted through a confidential survey sent out in fall 2021, with 510 U.S. medical student participants. This survey included scales to assess depression (the Patient Health Questionnaire-8), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), past year symptoms of hazardous drinking (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), and past 30-day binge drinking days. The survey also included free-response questions about their reasons for seeking mental health care if they did (facilitators) and any barriers that kept them from seeking treatment. Results About one-quarter of participants met criteria for possible depressive (24%) or anxiety disorders (24%); 9% of the sample drank at hazardous drinking levels. Between 47% and 60% of those who screened positive for depression, anxiety, or hazardous drinking reported an unmet need for mental health services. Anxiety and depression were cited as the most common reasons to seek treatment; concerns about stigma from peers and professional retaliation were notable for being barriers to treatment. Conclusion Our sample of medical students reported notable prevalence of probable depression or anxiety disorder, while also reporting needing more support to improve their mental health. Despite this, barriers exist that may discourage medical students from seeking needed treatments. Findings from this study aim to encourage discussion and positive change in the healthcare community regarding perception and attitudes toward mental health and substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Jennifer Wang, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Reagan E Fitzke
- Department of Psychiatry and the
Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Denise D Tran
- Department of Psychiatry and the
Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jewel Grell
- University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry and the
Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
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Brun C, Akinyemi A, Houtin L, Mizzi C, Cardoso T, Isnard Bagnis C. Mindfulness and compassion training for health professionals: A qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1113453. [PMID: 36710842 PMCID: PMC9878613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compassion is a key component of quality care. Encouraging Health Care Professionals (HCPs) to develop a patient-centered care relationship through mindfulness and compassion training may be beneficial for both patients and HCPs. Method We assessed the impact of a compassion-centered mindfulness program [i.e., the Mindfulness Based (MB) CARE program] on healthcare practice conducting 10 phone interviews with HCPs who experienced the program. Results The training had an overall positive impact on the HCPs ability to feel compassion toward their patients and themselves, helped them develop kindness toward themselves and their patients, and enhanced their attention to their patient's needs and theirs. Participants were better able to accept the difficult work experiences or those their patients experienced, with more perceived equanimity and less reactivity. Conclusion Professional mindfulness and compassion training programs could be operational levers for institutions aiming at fostering more compassionate HCPs-patients relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Brun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG UMR CNRS, ThEMAS Team, La Tronche, France,*Correspondence: Clémence Brun,
| | - Alexis Akinyemi
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Nanterre, France
| | - Laurène Houtin
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Nanterre, France
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Khanfar AN, Alshrouf MA, Albandi AM, Odeh QB, Hammad NH, Abu Jbara FK, AlRyalat SA. Career Regret and Health-Related Quality of Life among Medical Students: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2023; 10:23821205231219428. [PMID: 38116492 PMCID: PMC10729643 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231219428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medical students have a lower quality of life (QoL) when compared to the general population. This lower QoL is associated with multiple factors such as burnout and depressive symptoms. QoL can be reflected in the degree of career satisfaction and career regret. We aim to study the prevalence of career regret in Jordanian medical students and its association with QoL and other related factors. METHODS This national cross-sectional study consisted of an anonymous online survey distributed to medical students enrolled in all six Jordanian medical schools over a period of 6 weeks. A validated tool was used to assess QoL and students were asked a series of questions related to their career satisfaction and career regret. RESULTS A total of 544 medical students completed the survey. The mean age was 21.5 ± 1.63 years (range 17-29), with 45.6% being males. The overall mean physical health score was 45.9 ± 5.17, and the overall mean mental health score (mental component summary (MCS)) was 42.04 ± 5.52. 76.3% of students have regretted studying medicine, citing stress as the main reason. There was a significant relation between the year of study and the percentage of career regret. Additionally, mean MCS was significantly lower in students who were frequently or always thinking about dropping out of medical school. DISCUSSION The high percentage of career regret and the low mental QoL in Jordanian students are alarming findings, highlighting an underlying source of psychological distress in Jordanians. This calls for further investigations into the psychological health of medical students, as well as interventions to prevent the development of consequences that can impact both students and their future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qusai B. Odeh
- School of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nouran H. Hammad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Fibromyalgia syndrome in medical students. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Geller G, Shin S, Goldberg H, Merritt MW. Capacity for wonder among medical students: Assessment and educational implications. MEDICAL TEACHER 2023; 45:68-72. [PMID: 35856837 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2022.2099260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The capacity for wonder (CfW) is a personal disposition related to lifelong learning and moral character development, two highly valued characteristics of health professionals. We previously developed and validated a CfW measure among college students. Here we describe how the scale performs among medical students. METHODS We invited all students at a top-tier U.S. medical school (N = 477) to participate in an online survey including the CfW measure, year in medical school, and demographics. We performed confirmatory factor analysis on the CfW measure and reassessed its reliability. RESULTS 276 students completed the survey for an overall response rate of 58%. Factor analysis resulted in a 10-item scale with an alpha of 0.79 and an eigen value of 3.57. Factor loadings ranged from 0.43 to 0.77. The mean total score was 39.3 (SD = 8.9) out of a possible high score of 60. Total scores varied by year in school with significantly lower scores among 2nd year students (32.9 vs. 41.5; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We confirmed the reliability of a 10-item CfW scale in 4 cohorts of medical students. Results suggest that the 2nd year of medical school poses the greatest risk to students' capacity for wonder. Efforts should be made to understand this phenomenon and develop interventions to mitigate it. Future research should explore the validity of the CfW scale, its utility in evaluating interventions designed to cultivate the capacity for wonder, its applicability to other groups of health professionals, and its association with ethical decision-making and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Geller
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seonho Shin
- District of Columbia, Cambrium Assessment, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Harry Goldberg
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria W Merritt
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Wang D, Ye X, Wu H. Prosocial modelling matters: the association between parent and faculty involvement in fighting COVID-19 with medical students' career commitment. Ann Med 2022; 54:3146-3156. [PMID: 36331292 PMCID: PMC9639478 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2139410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Role models are essential in medical education, yet empirical research is relatively insufficient on the influence of prosocial modelling on medical students' career commitment. The prosocial behaviour of medical staff involved in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the beginning of 2020 presents an opportunity to fill the research gap. We explored and compared the different associations of the two most important role models for medical students - parents and faculty- with medical students' career commitment. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted with 99,559 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine in mainland China. Questions were asked to collect information about participants in the battle against COVID-19, medical students' determination to practice medicine after graduation, as well as students' socio-demographic characteristics. Chi-square tests and hierarchical regressions were performed to examine the associations between parent and faculty involvement and students' career commitment. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant associations between prosocial modelling during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and students' intention to pursue medical careers. The association of faculty involvement (OR = 1.165, p < .001) with students' career commitment was greater than that of parents (OR = 0.970, p > .05). For faculty involvement, the association was stronger among male students (OR = 1.323, p < .001) and students who were already determined to be doctors (OR = 1.219, p < .001) before the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new evidence on the potential roles of parents and faculty in shaping medical students' career commitment. Encouraging faculty to act as positive role models could help medical students increase their intention to become doctors.KEY MESSAGESProsocial modelling could enhance students' intention to pursue medical careers.The association of prosocial behaviour of faculty is larger than that of parents on medical students.Those who have prior medical career commitment are much more likely to persist in the medical profession, and prosocial modelling of faculty is positively associated with their medical career commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- National Center for Health Professions Education Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ye
- Annenberg Institute for School Reform, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Medical Education/National Center for Health Professions Education Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Antram E, Burchill E. Storytelling and poetry in the time of coronavirus: medical students' perspective. Ir J Psychol Med 2022; 39:440-442. [PMID: 33143791 PMCID: PMC7948089 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Antram
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ella Burchill
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Palamar SP, Gruzieva TS, Nezhyva LL, Yelenskyi VY, Rudenko NM, Khomik MM, Savchenko YY. STUDY OF NEUROTICISM AND EXTRAVERSION AS PREDICTORS OF THE SYNDROME OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT (EBS) IN STUDENTS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:2624-2630. [PMID: 36591744 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202211113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To investigate internal factors - neuroticism and extroversion, which can be predictors of emotional burnout syndrome and their prevalence among student youth. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Used a complex of methods: theoretical - theoretical analysis, synthesis, systematization; sociological method of questioning; empirical: observation, testing-Eysenck's methods for assessing the impact of neuroticism and externality; statistical. The object of the research is the process of influence of personal characteristics (individual factors) on the development and spread of EBS among students. Subject - personal characteristics (individual factors) of students - extraversion and neuroticism. The number of respondents was 610 students. RESULTS Results: A study of the personal characteristics of neuroticism and extraversion, which can be predictors in the genesis of EBS, was conducted. It has been established that several negative internal factors influence students. The significant prevalence of internal risk factors of EBS indicates the need for a comprehensive approach to its prevention and the need for the development and application of modern adequate methods, forms, and methods of prevention. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The presence and influence of internal factors on the development of EBS have been theoretically proven. It has been established that there is a significant propagation of personal characteristics that may have signs of negative internal factors. The need for preventive measures for the development of EBS among students has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Viktor Y Yelenskyi
- STATE INSTITUTION OF SCIENCE «RESEARCH AND PRACTICAL CENTER OF PREVENTIVE AND CLINICAL MEDICINE» STATE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | | | - Mykola M Khomik
- THE NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE NAMED AFTER IVAN CHERNIAKHOVSKYI, KYIV, UKRAINE
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20
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Jones-White DR, Soria KM, Tower EKB, Horner OG. Factors associated with anxiety and depression among U.S. doctoral students: Evidence from the gradSERU survey. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2433-2444. [PMID: 33513078 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1865975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined whether program climate factors, stressors, demographic, and institutional variables were associated with doctoral students' clinically significant generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder symptoms. Participants: This study examined doctoral students' responses from the gradSERU survey, which was administered at five U.S. public research universities in 2017-2018 (n = 2,582). Methods: This study utilized confirmatory factor analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: Sense of belonging reduced doctoral students' odds of clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms, while academic stressors, relationships stressors, and financial stressors increased such odds. There were no differences in the odds of clinically significant symptoms based on students' academic program. Students identifying as heterosexual or straight had significantly reduced odds of clinically significant symptoms for both disorders than lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning students. Conclusions: The results can aid institutional stakeholders in developing interventions that may be associated with the wellness of their students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Jones-White
- Institutional Research, Assessment, and Policy Analysis, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Krista M Soria
- Institutional Research, Assessment, and Policy Analysis, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erin K B Tower
- Office of Measurement Services, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Olena G Horner
- Institutional Research, Assessment, and Policy Analysis, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Siraj RA, Aldhahir AM, Alqahtani JS, Almarkhan HM, Alghamdi SM, Alqarni AA, Alhotye M, Algarni SS, Alahmadi FH, Alahmari MA. Burnout and Resilience among Respiratory Therapy (RT) Students during Clinical Training in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13047. [PMID: 36293624 PMCID: PMC9602980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemic of burnout has been widely documented among health discipline students. However, there is limited information available on the prevalence of burnout and its association with resilience among clinical-level respiratory therapy (RT) students. METHODS Between March 2022 and May 2022, a descriptive, cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of RT students and interns was conducted. A total of 559 RT students and interns from 15 RT programs responded to socio-demographic questions and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and correlation tests. RESULTS Of the 559 respondents, 78% reported a high level of burnout. Within the three subscales of burnout, 52% reported emotional exhaustion (EE), 59% reported depersonalization (DP), and 55% reported low personal achievement (PA). The prevalence of burnout increased as students proceeded to senior years (p = 0.006). In addition, participants with higher grade point averages (GPA) reported a higher level of burnout. Only 2% of the respondents reported a high level of resiliency. Further, there were negative correlations between resilience and EE (r = -41, p < 0.001) and DP (r = -32, p = 0.03), and a positive correlation with low PA (r = 0.56, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The findings showed a high prevalence of burnout among RT students and interns during clinical training in Saudi Arabia. Resilience was associated with all domains of burnout and is likely to play a protective role. Therefore, there is a need for collaborative interventions to promote resiliency during clinical training to alleviate and overcome burnout symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan A. Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam M. Almarkhan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M. Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Program, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munyra Alhotye
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Algarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad H. Alahmadi
- Respiratory Therapy Department, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushabbab A. Alahmari
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Spence R, Kagan L, Nunn S, Bailey-Rodriguez D, Fisher HL, Hosang GM, Bifulco A. Life events, depression and supportive relationships affect academic achievement in university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1931-1935. [PMID: 33253059 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundStudents often simultaneously deal with shifting support networks, stressful life changes and psychological distress which may affect academic achievement. Methods: 285 students completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess depression and the Computerized Life Events Assessment Record (CLEAR), to establish life events and supportive relationships. Module grades were used to measure academic achievement. A general linear model was used with student grade as the dependent variable and life events, depression and supportive relationships as independent variables. Confounding variables included age and sex. Results: A three-way interaction between life events, depression and lack of supportive relationships was found. It indicated the performance of depressed students depended on whether they had supportive relationships and that this interaction also depended on whether they had experienced a life event in the past year. Conclusions: Universities need to provide more support to students with life stress as they transition into university life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Spence
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Lisa Kagan
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Stephen Nunn
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | | | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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23
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Almutairi H, Alsubaiei A, Abduljawad S, Alshatti A, Fekih-Romdhane F, Husni M, Jahrami H. Prevalence of burnout in medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1157-1170. [PMID: 35775726 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are at a significant risk of experiencing psychological issues, such as burnout. Over the past few years, more studies have been conducted on this topic, producing different results. AIMS The purpose of this review was to determine the global pooled prevalence rate and risk factors associated with burnout and its components among undergraduate (pre-intern) medical students. METHOD From inception until 30 November 2021, nine electronic databases were used for an electronic search. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we pooled the estimates using the DerSimonian-Laird method. The prevalence of burnout in medical students was the primary outcome of interest. Data were analyzed globally, by country, by research measure. Age and sex were examined as confounders using meta-regression analysis. RESULTS A random-effects meta-analysis of 42 studies involving 26,824 evaluating the prevalence of burnout in medical students showed an overall prevalence rate 37.23% [32.66%; 42.05%], Q = 2,267.15(41), p < .0001, τ2 = .42, τ = .65, I2 = 98.2%; H = 7.5. Prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were 38.08% [30.67%; 46.10%], 35.07% [26.74%; 44.41%], and 37.23% [32.66%; 42.05%], respectively. Variations were observed between countries and research measures. Age (older) and sex (female) were both significant predictors of burnout. CONCLUSION The prevalence of burnout in medical students was estimated to be 37.23%. It is urgent that future studies serve as a basis for the development of prevention and treatment programs to prevent and treat burnout in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessah Almutairi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Abeer Alsubaiei
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sara Abduljawad
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Amna Alshatti
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Psychiatry Department "Ibn Omrane", The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Manouba, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Mariwan Husni
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.,Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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24
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Bolatov AK, Seisembekov TZ, Smailova DS, Hosseini H. Burnout syndrome among medical students in Kazakhstan. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:193. [PMID: 35933418 PMCID: PMC9357331 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a serious problem in the training and professional development of medical students. However, there is no known data on the prevalence of burnout among medical students in Kazakhstan. This study aims at investigating burnout and associated factors in a sample of students from Astana Medical University. METHODS The study included socio-demographic and personal questions, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for college students (OLBI-S) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Students survey (CBI-S) to measure burnout. Statistical analyses included measures of descriptive statistics and regression analysis for evaluating burnout-associated factors. RESULTS In total, 736 medical students responded. The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 28% (CBI-S) and 31% (OLBI-S). There was a significant association between the prevalence and the level of burnout and student's gender, year of study, thoughts of dropping out, suicidal ideation, satisfaction with the chosen profession and academic performance, interpersonal relationship problems, the decision to study in medical school, smoking, accommodation, parental expectations, alcohol use, extracurricular activities, part-time job, somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The factors associated with burnout were identified, which complements and expands the existing data on academic burnout. The data obtained can help in organizing psychological assistance for medical students in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidos K Bolatov
- NpJSC, Astana Medical University, Beybitshilik St. 49A, Z10K9D9, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. .,University Medical Center, Kerey-Zhanibek Handar St. 5/1, Z05P3Y4, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| | - Telman Z Seisembekov
- NpJSC, Astana Medical University, Beybitshilik St. 49A, Z10K9D9, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Dariga S Smailova
- Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Utepov St. 19A, A15T6B7, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Hengameh Hosseini
- University of Scranton, 800 Linden St., Scranton, PA, 18510-4699, USA
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25
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The Association of Life Events Outside the Workplace and Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study on Nursing Assistants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159342. [PMID: 35954702 PMCID: PMC9368059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Burnout, by definition, is related to adverse chronic workplace stressors. Life events outside the workplace have been associated with an increased risk of psychiatric morbidity. However, it is unknown whether life events outside the workplace increase the severity of burnout. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between burnout and life events outside the workplace in nursing assistants. Methods: In an observational, cross-sectional, single-site study of 521 nursing assistants at a university hospital, we assessed burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, and life events with the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. We constructed equations of multiple linear regression analyses that included each burnout subscale as the dependent variable and a domain of life events as the independent variable. Results were adjusted for potential confounders, including gender, no religion or faith, years of work, and depression. Results: An increase in the number of life events in the domain of personal changes or difficulties (e.g., personal injury or illness, sexual difficulties, change in recreation, church activities, social activities, sleeping habits, eating habits and revision of personal habits) was associated with increased severity of emotional exhaustion. An increase in the number of life events in the domain of changes in familial situation and in the domains of death of relatives or friends were associated with increased severity of depersonalization. Those associations were independent of work-related life events and other potential confounders. Conclusions: Life events outside the workplace may increase the levels of burnout in nursing assistants.
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26
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Alshamrani KM, Alkenawi AA, Kaifi R, Alsharif S, Merdah AS, Munshi WE, Alattas AK, Althaqafy M, Qurashi AA, Alsharif WM, Alshareef AS. Burnout Among Saudi Radiological Sciences Undergraduate Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1637-1648. [PMID: 35813036 PMCID: PMC9258799 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s372251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Alshamrani
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Khalid M Alshamrani, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P. O. Box 9515, Internal Mail Code 6610, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 12-2266666 Ext. 46396, Email
| | - Abdulkader A Alkenawi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Kaifi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza Alsharif
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Merdah
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael E Munshi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Alattas
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Althaqafy
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Qurashi
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa M Alsharif
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alshareef
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Duncan AR, Bell SB, Hellman CM. Intersections of perceived stress, burnout, dispositional hope, intellectual humility, locus of control, and lifestyle factors in undergraduate medical education. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stress in Medical Students: PRIMES, an Italian, Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095010. [PMID: 35564409 PMCID: PMC9100187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Medical students (MSs) are healthcare workers and must also cope with education-related stressors. This study aims to assess factors associated with perceived stress in Italian MSs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 Italian medical schools (MSCs) in November 2018. A questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, habits, opinions about MSC, and concerns about the future. Stress was assessed with the PSS-10. Descriptive and univariable tests were performed. A linear model was fitted to find associations of the PSS-10 score with characteristics. There were 2513 collected questionnaires. Median PSS-10 score was 18 (IQR 11). Median age was 22 (IQR 4) and 61% of the sample was female. Female gender, being part of a sexual minority, poor financial situation, competitive atmosphere, having hobbies, resting, and sleeping hindered by MSC were characteristics associated with higher PSS-10 scores. Current relationship, good family relationship, and no concerns about the future were protective factors. Being part of sexual minorities had greater effects in students not living away from home, while in the other group it was not having satisfying friendships. Medical students suffer higher levels of stress than the general population, and many MSC stressors are associated. Living away from home modifies risk and protective factors, offering the possibility to tailor group-specific interventions.
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Simons G, Effah R, Baldwin DS. What medical students think about measurement of their well-being: cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056749. [PMID: 35383072 PMCID: PMC8983995 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find out how medical students think well-being should be measured. DESIGN A mixed-methods study comprising a cross-sectional online survey (November 2020-March 2021) and semi-structured online interviews. Views on the frequency of availability for measurement, the format, type and purpose of measurement, and with whom well-being should be discussed were measured. When an outcome was scored 7-9 on a 9-point Likert scale of agreement by ≥75% of participants it was considered critical. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken on the interview transcripts. SETTING All medicine programmes at University of Southampton. PARTICIPANTS Medical students from all years took part in the survey (n=118) and interviews (n=16). RESULTS Most participants (94%) felt able to give 5 min to measure their well-being at least once per month. Research, governance and individual feedback were all considered critically important. Only subjective assessments undertaken by the individual in real-time were rated critically important (78.1%) measurement tools. Students selected that they would discuss their well-being with other medical students (n=87) nearly as often as they selected a member of the faculty (n=104). Five interview themes further explained these findings: (1) well-being is mental well-being; (2) exercise and support from friends and family are most important; (3) isolation and the design of the medicine programme are detrimental to well-being; (4) there are advantages to surveys, and conversations; (5) personal academic tutors and medical students in later years are the best to discuss well-being with. CONCLUSIONS Medical students thought that measurement of their well-being was critically important for governance showing their support for quality assurance of well-being and peer support. They wanted to be able to choose surveys, or conversations, to measure their well-being, as well as the person they discussed well-being with. Four recommendations are discussed in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Simons
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Raymond Effah
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David S Baldwin
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Oglesby LW, Gallucci AR, Porter AK, Vineyard AP. Burnout in and Commission of Medical Errors by Secondary School Athletic Trainers. J Athl Train 2022; 57:234-239. [PMID: 35302620 PMCID: PMC8935652 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-630-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Commission of medical errors by health care providers can be costly and potentially fatal for their patients. Previous researchers found a correlation between burnout and the commission of medical errors by physicians. The Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout suggests that emotional exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment in athletic trainers (ATs) may be associated with behavioral outcomes such as commission of medical errors, but this association has not been examined. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between burnout in and commission of medical errors by ATs. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Web-based survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 403 certified ATs working in the secondary school setting were recruited via multiple social media pages and the National Athletic Trainers' Association Research Survey Service. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) An online questionnaire that consisted of 97 items from previously used scales was distributed to participants. A logistic regression model with personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion as independent variables and a dichotomous variable for commission of medical errors (yes or no) as a dependent variable was calculated. A Poisson regression model with personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion as independent variables and number of medical errors committed as a dependent variable was also calculated. RESULTS Approximately 18.4% of our sample admitted to committing at least 1 medical error in the last 30 days. Both personal accomplishment (odds ratio = 1.06, P = .005) and emotional exhaustion (odds ratio = 1.02, P = .037) were significantly associated with commission of at least 1 medical error. Emotional exhaustion (B = .02, P = .002) was significantly associated with the number of medical errors committed. CONCLUSIONS Athletic trainers committed medical errors at a rate comparable with that of other health care professionals. Burnout was directly associated with both the likelihood of an AT committing a medical error and the number of errors an AT committed.
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Ye X, Zhai M, Feng L, Xie A, Wang W, Wu H. Still want to be a doctor? Medical student dropout in the era of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION 2022; 195:122-139. [PMID: 35075314 PMCID: PMC8769655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the intention of undergraduate medical students to withdraw from the medical profession and pursue a career in a different field upon graduation during COVID-19. We leverage the first and most comprehensive nationwide survey for medical education in China, which covered 98,668 enrolled undergraduate students from 90 out of 181 Chinese medical schools in 2020. We focus on these students' self-reported intention to leave the healthcare industry (the "dropout intention") before and after the outbreak of the epidemic. We also designed a randomized experiment to test whether and to what extent medical students dropout intention responded to an information nudge that highlighted the prosociality of health professionals in the fight against the virus. Results from a difference-in-differences model and a student fixed effect model suggest that after the onset of COVID-19, the proportion of Chinese undergraduate medical students with a dropout intention declined from 13.7% to 6.8%. Furthermore, the nudge information reduced the intent-to-drop-out probability by 0.8 additional percentage points for students in their early college years. There was large heterogeneity underneath the treatment effect. Specifically, we find that prior dropout intention and exposures to COVID-19-related information tended to mitigate the nudge effects. Data on students' actual dropout outcomes support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ye
- Annenberg Institute for School Reform, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States
| | - Muxin Zhai
- Department of Finance and Economics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Finance and Economics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, United States
| | - A'na Xie
- National Center for Health Professions Education Development/Institute of Medical Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- National Center for Health Professions Education Development/Institute of Medical Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Meckamalil C, Brodie L, Hogg-Johnson S, Carroll LJ, Jacobs C, Côté P. The prevalence of anxiety, stress and depressive symptoms in undergraduate students at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:371-376. [PMID: 32369713 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1751173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective (1) Determine the one-week prevalence of moderate to extreme symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression in chiropractic undergraduate students. (2) Determine whether the prevalence varies across gender and year of study. Participants: Undergraduate students at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in fall 2017 to measure self-reported symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression using the DASS-21. Results: The participation rate was 67.0% (510/766). The one-week prevalence of moderate to extreme symptoms was 19.0% (95% CI: 13.0-25.0) for depression; 32.6% (95% CI: 24.7-40.3) for anxiety and 21.8% (95% CI: 15.6-28.1) for stress. The prevalence of stress varied significantly across gender: 25.4% (95% CI: 20.5-30.3) for females versus 16.3% (95% CI: 11.2-21.3) for males. The one-week prevalence of depressive (24.8%; 95% CI: 17.6-32.0) and anxiety (40.9%; 95% CI: 32.6-49.1) symptoms peaked in second year. Conclusions: Self-reported symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression are common in CMCC students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Meckamalil
- Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lydia Brodie
- Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheilah Hogg-Johnson
- Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda J Carroll
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig Jacobs
- Division of Clinical Education, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Côté
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- UOIT-CMCC Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kondrich JE, Han R, Clark S, Platt SL. Burnout in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians: A Predictive Model. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e1003-e1008. [PMID: 35100790 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the prevalence of and identify predictors associated with burnout in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians and to construct a predictive model for burnout in this population to stratify risk. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey study among a random sample of board-certified or board-eligible PEM physicians throughout the United States and Canada. Our primary outcome was burnout assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory on 3 subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. We defined burnout as scoring in the high-degree range on any 1 of the 3 subscales. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was followed by questions on personal demographics and work environment. We compared PEM physicians with and without burnout using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS We studied a total of 416 PEM board-certified/eligible physicians (61.3% women; mean age, 45.3 ± 8.8 years). Surveys were initiated by 445 of 749 survey recipients (59.4% response rate). Burnout prevalence measured 49.5% (206/416) in the study cohort, with 34.9% (145/416) of participants scoring in the high-degree range for emotional exhaustion, 33.9% (141/416) for depersonalization, and 20% (83/416) for personal accomplishment. A multivariable model identified 6 independent predictors associated with burnout: 1) lack of appreciation from patients, 2) lack of appreciation from supervisors, 3) perception of an unfair clinical work schedule, 4) dissatisfaction with promotion opportunities, 5) feeling that the electronic medical record detracts from patient care, and 6) working in a nonacademic setting (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.77). A predictive model demonstrated that physicians with 5 or 6 predictors had an 81% probability of having burnout, whereas those with zero predictors had a 28% probability of burnout. CONCLUSIONS Burnout is prevalent in PEM physicians. We identified 6 independent predictors for burnout and constructed a scoring system that stratifies probability of burnout. This predictive model may be used to guide organizational strategies that mitigate burnout and improve physician well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janienne E Kondrich
- From the Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medicine, Komansky Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Reintine Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Mountainside Medical Center, Verona, NJ
| | - Sunday Clark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shari L Platt
- From the Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medicine, Komansky Children's Hospital, New York, NY
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Gradiski IP, Borovecki A, Ćurković M, San-Martín M, Delgado Bolton RC, Vivanco L. Burnout in International Medical Students: Characterization of Professionalism and Loneliness as Predictive Factors of Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031385. [PMID: 35162399 PMCID: PMC8835401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a common mental problem in medical students. For those who are following medical studies abroad there is a higher risk of suffering this syndrome, due to the combination of academic stress and the stress derived from their new living situation. This study was performed with the purpose of testing the following hypothesis: in medical students enrolled in medical programs abroad, abilities associated with professionalism and family support play a protective role in the prevention of suffering burnout. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zagreb, where a fully English medical program is offered. The general version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) was used as a dependent variable, while Jefferson Scales of empathy, teamwork, and physician lifelong learning and the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults were used as predictive variables. In addition, information related to sex, country of birth, native language, age, academic achievement, and living situation were collected in a socio-demographic form. Linear regression models were applied to identify predictors of burnout. RESULTS In a sample composed of 188 medical students (38 Croatians and 144 foreigners from 28 countries), 18% of the global score in the MBI-GS was explained by lifelong learning and family loneliness. A separate analysis for each domain of the MBI-GS allowed the creation of three models: the first model explained 19% of the variance of the "exhaustion" domain by "country of birth", "living with parents", "academic year", and "cynicism"; a second model explained 24% of the variance of the "cynicism" domain by "academic year", "empathy", "lifelong learning", and "exhaustion"; and finally, a third model explained 24% of the variance of the "professional efficacy" domain by "lifelong learning", "family loneliness", and "cynicism". All obtained models presented an effect size between medium and large, as well as matching the required conditions for statistical inference. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the important role that family plays as a source of support for medical students. Empathy and lifelong learning, two specific elements of medical professionalism, appear as protective factors in the prevention of burnout in international students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P. Gradiski
- Department of Urgent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.P.G.); (L.V.)
| | - Ana Borovecki
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (M.Ć.)
| | - Marko Ćurković
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (M.Ć.)
| | - Montserrat San-Martín
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Granada, 52003 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Roberto C. Delgado Bolton
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
- Platform of Bioethics and Medical Education, Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Luis Vivanco
- Platform of Bioethics and Medical Education, Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- National Centre of Documentation on Bioethics, Rioja Health Foundation, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.G.); (L.V.)
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Atta IS, Almilaibary A. The Prevalence of Stress Among Medical Students Studying an Integrative Curriculum During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:35-45. [PMID: 35046746 PMCID: PMC8761073 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s345330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress is a psychological shift that negatively affects student achievement. We sought to investigate the extent of stress in the medical students at our university. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 337 medical students representing three program phases were represented. Stress was measured using a questionnaire divided into three main parts: 10-question Kessler instruments, 10-questions specific to identifying the causes of stress, and a qualitative component to report additional information. For the Kessler questionnaire, a score of less than 20 was considered negative for stress of any level (alert) and scores of 20-24 were considered mild stress (resistance phase), 25-29 moderate stress (near exhaustion), and 30-50 severe stress (exhaustion). Descriptive studies in the form of mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval (CI) were used in addition to the chi-squared test for estimate significant differences between variables. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The prevalence of stress was 85.5%, with a slight male predominance. The prevalence of stress was seen among the male students during Phase I (88.25%), followed by male students during Phase III (87.7%), female students during phase II (86.5%), male students during phase II (84.5%), female students during phase I (83.3%) and female students during phase III (80.4%). Stress was uniformly high during phase I (86.2%) followed by phase II (85.4%) and phase III (85.1%), and 85% of stress was obtained from the number and content of assessments. CONCLUSION There is a high level of stress throughout the curriculum. The number of assessments and the number of modules and their content are the primary sources of stress. Student mentorship, including academic, psychic, and social counseling, may help predict and manage stress and improve student performance. Detection of stress among the students is a major issue for program monitoring and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shafek Atta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Al-Aqiq, Saudi Arabia
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Greenmyer JR, Montgomery M, Hosford C, Burd M, Miller V, Storandt MH, Lakpa KL, Tiongson C. Guilt and Burnout in Medical Students. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2022; 34:69-77. [PMID: 33722144 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2021.1891544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
THEORY Burnout is prevalent among medical students and is correlated with negative feelings, behaviors, and outcomes. Empathy is a desired trait for medical students that has been correlated with reduced burnout. The concept of guilt is closely related to concern about the well-being of others; therefore, feelings of guilt may be associated with empathy. Excessive guilt poses an increased risk for internalized distress, symptoms such as anhedonia, and may be related to burnout. The relationship between pathogenic guilt and burnout in medical students is unknown. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that pathogenic guilt is present and related to both burnout and empathy in medical students. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of all students in one medical school. Data were collected in February 2020. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBLI), Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), and Interpersonal Guilt Questionaire-67 (IGQ-67) were used. A modified version of IGQ-67 was used to measure four subscales of pathogenic guilt: survival guilt, separation guilt, omnipotence guilt, and self-hate guilt. Data analyses for this study including screening, evaluation of assumptions, descriptive statistics, reliabilities, one-way ANOVA, and correlation coefficients, were conducted using SPSS version 26. RESULTS Of 300, 168 (56.0%) students participated in the study. Survival, omnipotence, and self-hate classes of pathogenic guilt were positively correlated with burnout. Empathy was correlated with two classes of pathogenic guilt: survival and omnipotence. Empathy was inversely related to burnout (disengagement). CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic guilt may be a contributor to burnout in medical students. Guilt should be a target of prevention and treatment in burnout in medical students. UNLABELLED Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2021.1891544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Greenmyer
- Department of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Michelle Montgomery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Charles Hosford
- Educational Resources, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Michael Burd
- Public Health Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Vanessa Miller
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Michael H Storandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Koffi L Lakpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Christopher Tiongson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Vitorino LM, Cazerta MF, Corrêa NR, Foresto EDP, Oliveira MAFD, Lucchetti G. The Influence of Religiosity and Spirituality on the Happiness, Optimism, and Pessimism of Brazilian Medical Students. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:10901981211057535. [PMID: 34963363 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211057535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems are very common among medical students, becoming a concern for health care professionals and educators. Despite the fact that there is a growing body of literature supporting the role of religiosity and spirituality (RS) on mental health and on positive psychology outcomes, little evidence is available among medical students, a population subjected to important distress. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the role of RS on the levels of optimism, pessimism, and happiness among Brazilian medical students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including medical students from the first to the eighth semester of a private medical school. The instruments used were: TOT-R for optimism and pessimism, Lyubomirsk and Lepper subjective happiness scale, and sociodemographic profile. The independent variables were Brazilian Portuguese Duke University Religiosity Scale for religiosity, Brief Spiritual Religious Coping (SRC) for negative and positive SRC; and Facit-Sp for spiritual well-being. RESULTS A total of 353 medical students were included (response rate 97.51%). Higher levels of intrinsic religiosity and peace were associated with greater happiness and optimism. However, negative SRC was associated with lower levels of happiness and optimism and higher levels of pessimism. CONCLUSION Medical students tend to use their RS as a resource for dealing with the challenges of medical school, influencing their happiness and optimism. In this context, it seems that religiousness acts in two different ways, not only have positive but also negative outcomes among the participants.
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Westphal M, Wall M, Corbeil T, Keller DI, Brodmann-Maeder M, Ehlert U, Exadaktylos A, Bingisser R, Kleim B. Mindfulness predicts less depression, anxiety, and social impairment in emergency care personnel: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260208. [PMID: 34910763 PMCID: PMC8673595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical personnel working in emergency rooms (ER) are at increased risk of mental health problems and suicidality. There is increasing evidence that mindfulness-based interventions can improve burnout and other mental health outcomes in health care providers. In contrast, few longitudinal prospective studies have examined protective functions of dispositional mindfulness in this population. The objective of this study was to examine whether mindfulness prospectively predicts anxiety, depression, and social impairment in a sample of emergency care professionals. The authors administered online surveys to ER personnel prior to work in ER, and at 3 and 6 months follow up. Participants were 190 ER personnel (73% residents, 16% medical students, 11% nurses). Linear mixed effects regression was used to model longitudinal 3-month and 6-month follow up of depression, anxiety, and social impairment. Predictors included time-varying contemporaneous work stressors, perceived social support at work and life events, and baseline dispositional mindfulness, demographics, and workplace characteristics. Mindfulness indexed when starting ER work predicted less depression, anxiety, and social impairment 6 months later. Mindfulness remained a strong predictor of mental health outcomes after controlling for time-varying stressful events in emergency care, negative life events, and social support at work. Mindfulness moderated the adverse impact of poor social support at work on depression. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to show that mindfulness prospectively and robustly predicts anxiety, depression, and social impairment. Results support the role of mindfulness as a potential resilience factor in at-risk health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Westphal
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, Pleasantville, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Corbeil
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dagmar I. Keller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Brodmann-Maeder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital—University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Bingisser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yu J, Wang Y, Tang X, Wu Y, Tang X, Huang J. Impact of Family Cohesion and Adaptability on Academic Burnout of Chinese College Students: Serial Mediation of Peer Support and Positive Psychological Capital. Front Psychol 2021; 12:767616. [PMID: 34966328 PMCID: PMC8710578 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between the functioning of family environment (i.e., family cohesion and family adaptability) and academic burnout of Chinese college students as well as the mediating effects of the interpersonal resource (i.e., peer support) and intrapersonal resource [i.e., positive psychological capital (PsyCap)] in this relationship. A total of 1971 Chinese undergraduates were involved in an online questionnaire survey and data analysis. It was found that family cohesion and adaptability was negatively related to academic burnout. Mediation analyses demonstrated that family cohesion and adaptability did not directly affect academic burnout, but indirectly through increasing PsyCap (characterized by optimism, hope, resilience, and self-efficacy), and through enhancing peer support and then increasing PsyCap in serial. Meanwhile, the relationship between family cohesion and adaptability and academic burnout was not mediated by peer support alone. These findings highlight the family environment's crucial role in youth mental health and positive development in the college context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincong Yu
- Education and Counseling Center for Psychological Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Philosophy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- School of Philosophy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- School of Marxism, Wuhan Railway Vocational College of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Philosophy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
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Braquehais MD, Vargas-Cáceres S, Nieva G, Mantilla MF, Ortega G, Valero S, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Bruguera E. Characteristics of resident physicians accessing a specialised mental health service: a retrospective study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055184. [PMID: 34857580 PMCID: PMC8640645 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about resident physicians being treated at physician health programmes around the world despite the fact that it is a highly demanding training period. This study aims to describe the profiles of resident physicians accessing a specialised mental health service in Spain over a 20-year period and to compare them to consultant-grade physicians. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Medical records of the Galatea Care Programme for Sick Physicians. PARTICIPANTS 1846 physicians registered at the Barcelona Medical Council-Association and admitted to the programme from January 1998 to December 2018. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Number of admissions, sociodemographic and clinical variables, including medical specialty, main diagnosis and need of hospitalisation. RESULTS Residents accounted for 18.1% (n=335) of the sample and admissions increased over the years. Most residents (n=311; 94.5%) and consultant-grade physicians (n=1391; 92.8%) were self-referred. The most common specialty among residents was family medicine (n=107; 31.9%), followed by internal medicine (n=18; 5.4%), paediatrics (n=14; 4.2%), psychiatry (n=13; 3.9%) and anaesthesiology (n=13; 3.9%). Residents, regardless of year of training, mainly asked for help because of adjustment (n=131; 39.1%), affective (n=77; 23%), anxiety disorders (n=40; 18.8%) and addictions (n=19; 5.7%). There were no significant differences between groups in the main diagnosis and in the variables related to need of hospitalisation. The percentage of residents accessing the programme was higher than in the reference population registered at the Barcelona Medical Council-Association (18.1% vs 7.6%; z=7.2, p<0.001) as was the percentage of family medicine residents (31.9% vs 19.6%; z=5.7, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Residents are more likely than consultant-grade physicians to seek help when suffering from mental disorders. Local primary prevention actions since the beginning of their training period and having access to a well-known highly reliable programme may partly explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Braquehais
- Integral Care Programme for Sick Health Professionals, Galatea Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, VHIR, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Vargas-Cáceres
- Mental Health, Benito Menni, Adult Mental Health Service, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Nieva
- Integral Care Programme for Sick Health Professionals, Galatea Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Germán Ortega
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Integral Care Programme for Sick Health Professionals, Galatea Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ACE Alzheimer Center, Fundacio ACE, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, VHIR, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eugeni Bruguera
- Integral Care Programme for Sick Health Professionals, Galatea Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Deng J, Que J, Wu S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen S, Wu Y, Gong Y, Sun S, Yuan K, Bao Y, Ran M, Shi J, Wing YK, Shi L, Lu L. Effects of COVID-19 on career and specialty choices among Chinese medical students. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2021; 26:1913785. [PMID: 33849405 PMCID: PMC8057072 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2021.1913785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to medical education systems and medical students. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on medical career and specialty choices among medical students. An online cross-sectional survey of Chinese medical students was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic from February to April 2020. The students' willingness to be a doctor before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and changed willingness to specialize in respiratory medicine and infectious diseases were investigated. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression was used to explore factors that were associated with changes of willingness. A total of 1,837 medical students, including 1,227 females (66.8%), with a median age of 21.0 years, were recruited. Of the participants, 10.6% and 6.9% showed increased and decreased willingness to be a doctor after the COVID-19 outbreak, respectively. Moreover, 11.7% showed increased willingness and 9.5% showed decreased willingness to major in respiratory medicine and infectious diseases. Students with younger age, lower household income, fewer depressive symptoms, less exposure to negative pandemic information and more satisfaction with their own major after the pandemic were associated with increased willingness to be a doctor. Students who engaged in regular exercise, were males and undergraduate level, were interested in medicine, paid more attention to positive information, were satisfied with their majors, and had increased willingness to be a doctor after the pandemic were more likely to choose to specialize in respiratory medicine and infectious disease. However, the severity of anxiety symptoms was associated with decreased willingness to work in the specialties of respiratory medicine and infectious diseases. Psychological problems and professional satisfaction appear to be independent factors that affect medial career and specialty choices. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Deng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Que
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Wu
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yongxi Wu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yimiao Gong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Siwei Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maosheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Le Shi Institute of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Lin Lu Institute of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth, Hospital, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
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Mirza AA, Baarimah H, Baig M, Mirza AA, Halawani MA, Beyari GM, AlRaddadi KS, Alreefi M. Academic and non-academic life stressors and their impact on psychological wellbeing of medical students. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:563-580. [PMID: 34786420 PMCID: PMC8568599 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Among medical students, depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) are key public wellbeing challenges that require epidemiological research. We aimed to evaluate potential sources of these psychological disturbances and assess the contribution of academic and non-academic life stressors in psychological morbidity among medical students. Methods This exploratory questionnaire-based survey was conducted in a Saudi Arabian public sector medical college. A total of 231 medical students were enrolled and completed the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Results More than half of the medical students, 129 (55.8%), had depression, 106 (45.9%) students had anxiety, and 87 (37.7%) students had stress. Academic achievement was the largest explanatory factor for depression and stress, whereas bodily appearance constituted the largest explanatory factor of anxiety among the study sample. Academic and non-academic stressors score was significantly associated with depression (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.19), anxiety (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.12), and stress (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.17). Conclusions Medical students have a high incidence of negative emotional states. These negative psychological states were explained by academic achievement and bodily appearance. The studied stressors influenced medical students' psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Mirza
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammam Baarimah
- Psychiatrist, Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim A Mirza
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghada M Beyari
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S AlRaddadi
- Department of Primary Health Care, National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin AbdulAziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Alreefi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Borderline Personality Symptoms: What Not to Be Overlooked When Approaching Suicidal Ideation among University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101399. [PMID: 34683078 PMCID: PMC8535964 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal ideation is a serious condition antecedent to suicidal attempts and is highly related not only to depression but also other psychosocial factors. This study aimed to examine the predictive effects of these potential factors for suicidal ideation among young adult university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of university students in Thailand. An online questionnaire employed the perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10), the patient health questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and a screening instrument for borderline personality disorder. An ordinal regression analysis was applied to determine the predictive effects of the independent variables. Of 336 students, the mean age was 20.26 ± 1.3 years, 80.4% of whom were female; 14.3% had suicidal ideation. The significant predictors of suicidal thoughts were perceived stress (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22); depressive symptoms (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22); borderline personality symptoms (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.40); and perceived social support (AOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.00). Not only did depressive symptoms contribute to suicidal ideation but they also constituted important variables. Therefore, they should be included in intervention plans to prevent suicidality among university students.
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Rivera-Rodriguez M, Shoua-Desmarais N. Case Report: The Gold Standard: The Case for Inclusion of a Medical Student-Specific Counseling Center and Wellness Programming in Early Medical Education. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 28:368-373. [PMID: 32418084 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-020-09726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Medical student's mental health and wellness is a multifactorial discussion that requires a multidimensional and comprehensive approach. The high prevalence of burnout and its recent recognition by the World Health Organization as a work-related syndrome has scholars questioning if experiences in early medical education have an impact. The Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International University in 2009 created an in-house counseling and wellness center. In assessing programming and services, approximately 55% of the medical student body has sought out individualized services from the Medical Student Counseling and Wellness Center. Moreover, the Association of American Medical Colleges Graduate Questionnaire results regarding the satisfaction of students in personal counseling, mental health services, and wellness programming have been 20% or higher than the national average. This is a call to action highly encouraging other medical schools to emulate and consider implementing a detailed and comprehensive program to be offered early in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanis Rivera-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Nathaly Shoua-Desmarais
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Ilic I, Zivanovic Macuzic I, Kocic S, Ilic M. High risk of burnout in medical students in Serbia, by gender: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256446. [PMID: 34415954 PMCID: PMC8378717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Burnout syndrome is common among medical students, but findings about the gender differences in burnout are not consistent. The aim of this study was to assess high risk of burnout syndrome among medical students at one University in Serbia, by gender. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac in 2014. The Maslach Burnout Inventory—Student Survey was used for assessment of burnout level. A questionnaire on basic socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, habits, etc.) and academic performance (year of study, cumulative total average grade, length of study, housing, study financing, etc.) was used. The study included a total of 760 medical students (760/836 medical students; participation rate: 90.9%). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Significant gender differences were detected in prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome (male students– 19.0% vs. female students– 12.8%, p = 0.024). A significant independent predictor of high risk for burnout syndrome in male medical students was study year (p for trend = 0.011), while in female medical students–study year (p for trend = 0.002) and use of sedatives (adjusted OR = 5.74, 95% CI = 1.96–16.77, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our results indicate the need to assess the risk of burnout syndrome at the very beginning of medical studies, in order to more effectively control the modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zivanovic Macuzic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kocic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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Arif NMNA, Roslan NS, Ismail SB, Nayak RD, Jamian MR, Mohamad Ali Roshidi AS, Edward TC, Kamal MA, Mohd Amin MM, Shaari S, Shaharudin Basri MF. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress and Burnout among Medical Students: Findings from Two Campuses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168446. [PMID: 34444193 PMCID: PMC8393359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Medical training is intensive and predisposes students to psychological distress and burnout. Unaddressed burnout in medical training may persist in the internship phase and impact the quality of patient care. While some associations have been established, the link between some individual factors and training characteristics with distress and burnout in medical training remained unclear. In this study, we aim to examine the prevalence of psychological distress and burnout, and its association with gender, training phase, funding status, cumulative grade points average (CGPA), and coping strategies among medical students. The study applied a multicenter cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling on medical students from two medical schools from Malaysia and India. We used a self-reporting instrument that includes demographic details, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). A total of 748 medical students participated in the study. The prevalence of psychological distress, personal-related, work-related, and patient-related burnout were 33.0%, 56.1%, 35.0%, and 26.2%, respectively. Being male, clinical year, self-funded, and having a CGPA of more than 3.50 predicted psychological distress and burnout with mixed results. Maladaptive coping mechanisms consistently predicted the risk of psychological distress and burnout by more than two times. The findings indicate that primary and secondary mental health interventions have a role in medical training. A systematic intervention should incorporate coping skills training alongside institutional-targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Muhammad Nik Ahmad Arif
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
| | - Nurhanis Syazni Roslan
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shaiful Bahari Ismail
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
| | - Ramyashilpa D. Nayak
- USM-KLE International Medical Program Campus, Belgaum 590010, Karnataka, India; (R.D.N.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Muhamad Ridzuan Jamian
- USM-KLE International Medical Program Campus, Belgaum 590010, Karnataka, India; (R.D.N.); (M.R.J.)
| | - Alya Syahmina Mohamad Ali Roshidi
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
| | - Teh Chen Edward
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
| | - Muhammad Aiman Kamal
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
| | - Muhammad Mujaahid Mohd Amin
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
| | - Shukri Shaari
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
| | - Muhammad Fikri Shaharudin Basri
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.M.N.A.A.); (S.B.I.); (A.S.M.A.R.); (T.C.E.); (M.A.K.); (M.M.M.A.); (S.S.); (M.F.S.B.)
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Li Y, Cao L, Mo C, Tan D, Mai T, Zhang Z. Prevalence of burnout in medical students in China: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26329. [PMID: 34190150 PMCID: PMC8257868 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout among medical students in China.A systematic search from the following electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang database, VIP database, Chinese biomedical literature database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was independently conducted by 2 reviewers from inception to September 2019. The data were analyzed using stata software Version 11. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 tests, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. The source of heterogeneity among subgroups was determined by subgroup analysis of different parameters.A total of 48 articles with a sample size of 29,020 met the inclusion criteria. The aggregate prevalence of learning burnout was 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 38.1%-53.8%). The prevalence rate of high emotional exhaustion was 37.5% (95% CI: 21.4%-53.7%). The percentage was 44.0% (95% CI: 29.2%-58.8%) for low personal accomplishment. The prevalence rate was 36.0% (95% CI: 23.0%-48.9%) in depersonalization dimension. In the subgroup analysis by specialty, the prevalence of burnout was 30.3% (95% CI: 28.6%-32.0%) for clinical medicine and 43.8% (95% CI: 41.8%-45.8%) for other medical specialties. The total prevalence of burnout between men and women was 46.4% (95% CI: 44.8%-47.9%) and 46.6% (95% CI: 45.5%-47.6%), respectively. The prevalence of burnout with Rong Lian's scale was 43.7% (42.1%-45.2%), and that with the other scales was 51.4% (50.4%-52.4%). The prevalence rates were 62.9% (61.3%-64.6%), 58.7% (56.3%-61.1%), 46.5% (42.9%-50.2%), and 56.0% (51.6%-60.4%) from Grades 1 to 4, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among the different grades (P = .000).Our findings suggest a high prevalence of burnout among medical students. Society, universities, and families should take appropriate measures and allot more care to prevent burnout among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chunbao Mo
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Dechan Tan
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Tingyu Mai
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin
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Burnout among medical students of a medical college in Kathmandu; A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253808. [PMID: 34166466 PMCID: PMC8224915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are more prone to burnout than the general population and students of other faculties due to the demanding nature of medical education with limited time and resources. Burnout has a negative impact on the academics and personal life of the students which can continue into their professional life and ultimately hamper patient care. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of burnout among medical students of a medical college and find its association with age, gender, and year of study. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a medical college in Kathmandu, Nepal from 14 January to 7 March, 2021. Stratified sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire using the English version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory adapted for students (OLBI-S) and analyzed in STATA version 15. RESULTS The prevalence of burnout was found out to be 65.9% (n = 229). And of the remaining, 12.7% were exhausted, 11.4% were disengaged and 10.0% were neither exhausted nor disengaged. Burnout had no significant association with age in years, gender, and year of study. CONCLUSIONS This study shows an alarming prevalence of burnout in almost two-thirds of medical students. These results indicate the necessity of employing effective strategies by relevant authorities for the mental well-being of future physicians. Further multicenter prospective studies are required for a better understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of burnout.
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Neufeld A, Malin G. How medical students cope with stress: a cross-sectional look at strategies and their sociodemographic antecedents. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:299. [PMID: 34034732 PMCID: PMC8152145 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical training can be highly stressful for students and negatively impact their mental health. Important to this matter are the types of coping strategies (and their antecedents) medical students use, which are only characterized to a limited extent. A better understanding of these phenomena can shed additional light on ways to support the health and well-being of medical students. Accordingly, we sought to determine medical students' use of various coping reactions to stress and how their gender and year of study influence those behaviours. METHODS A total of 400 University of Saskatchewan medical students were invited to complete an online survey. Using the Brief COPE inventory, we assessed students' reported use of various adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed, including multivariate analysis of variance, to explore how gender and year influenced coping strategies. RESULTS The participation rate was 49% (47% males and 53% females). Overall, the students' coping strategies were mostly adaptive, albeit with a few exceptions. Females used more behavioural disengagement, while males used less emotional and instrumental support. Additionally, third years used more denial to cope with stress than students in any other year. CONCLUSIONS While few studies report significant sociodemographic effects on medical student coping, our findings raise the possibility that males and females do engage in different coping strategies in medical school, and that the clinical learning environment in third year may provoke more dysfunctional coping, compared to pre-clinical stages of training. Potential explanations and implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Neufeld
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Greg Malin
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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Yu JH, Chang HJ, Kim SS, Park JE, Chung WY, Lee SK, Kim M, Lee JH, Jung YJ. Effects of high-fidelity simulation education on medical students' anxiety and confidence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251078. [PMID: 33983983 PMCID: PMC8118241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological factors such as anxiety and confidence that students have in the patient care situation are important in that this affects the actual clinical performance. Students who are just starting clinical practice have a lack of clinical knowledge, skill proficiency, and patient communication skills, so they experience anxiety and lack of confidence in clinical setting. Practice in a safe environment, such as simulation education, can help students perform more settled and competently in patient care. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of high-fidelity simulation experience on anxiety and confidence in medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study enrolled 37 5th-year students at Ajou University School of Medicine in 2020. Two simulation trainings were implemented, and a survey was conducted to measure students' level of anxiety and confidence before and after each simulation. Based on the research data, a paired t-test was conducted to compare these variables before and after the simulation, and whether this was their first or second simulation experience. RESULTS Students had a significantly lower level of anxiety and a significantly higher level of confidence after the simulation than before. In addition, after one simulation experience, students had less anxiety and more confidence before the second simulation compared to those without simulation experience. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that medical students need to be repeatedly exposed to simulation education experiences in order to have a sense of psychological stability and to competently deliver medical treatment in a clinical setting. There is a practical limitation in that medical students do not have enough opportunities to meet the patients during clinical practice in hospitals. Therefore, in order to produce excellent doctors, students should have the expanded opportunities to experience simulation education so they can experience real-world medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yu
- Office of Medical Education, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Wou Young Chung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Su Kyung Lee
- Ajou Center for Clinical Excellence, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Miran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jang Hoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yun Jung Jung
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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