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Taylor PJ, Adeyemi I, Marlow K, Cottam S, Airnes Z, Hartley S, Howells V, Dunn BD, Elliott RA, Hann M, Latham C, Robinson C, Turpin C, Kellett S. The Relational Approach to Treating Self-Harm (RELATE): study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial study of cognitive analytic therapy for adults who self-harm versus treatment at usual. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:101. [PMID: 39026281 PMCID: PMC11256374 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is a prevalent behaviour that has a major detrimental impact on a person's life. Psychological therapies have the potential to help, but evidence of effective interventions remains limited. Access and acceptability of interventions can also be a significant challenge, with individuals either being unable to access help or having to endure long waiting lists. Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is a time-limited and relationally-focused psychotherapy that may provide a valuable treatment option for people who self-harm. This protocol outlines the methodology for the first feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of CAT for adults that self-harm. The trial will aim to determine the feasibility, acceptability and safety of undertaking larger-scale evaluations of CAT for self-harm within an RCT context. METHOD An RCT design with 1:1 allocation to CAT plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Participants will be adult outpatients with three or more instances of self-harm in the past year (target sample of n = 60). CAT will be 8 one-to-one weekly 60-min sessions plus a follow-up session up to 8 weeks after the last session. Assessments will occur at baseline, 12 weeks and 18 weeks after randomisation. Qualitative interviews with participants will gain insights into the feasibility and acceptability of CAT. Feasibility outcomes will be judged against progression criteria. DISCUSSION CAT may be an effective and accessible treatment option for people who self-harm, providing a more relationally orientated alternative to more behavioural therapies. The proposed feasibility RCT is an important first step in evaluating CAT as a treatment for self-harm. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was pre-registered (21/10/22) on ISR CTN (ISRCTN code: ISRCTN75661422).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Isabel Adeyemi
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Katie Marlow
- Rotherham, Doncaster, and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Sarah Cottam
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Zerena Airnes
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Victoria Howells
- Rotherham, Doncaster, and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | | | - Rachel A Elliott
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Hann
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Cameron Latham
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Robinson
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Clive Turpin
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Kellett
- Rotherham, Doncaster, and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
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Taylor PJ, Duxbury P, Moorhouse J, Russell C, Pratt D, Parker S, Sutton C, Lobban F, Drake R, Eccles S, Ryder D, Patel R, Kimber E, Kerry E, Randles N, Kelly J, Palmier-Claus J. The Mental Imagery for Suicidality in Students Trial (MISST): study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of broad-minded affective coping (BMAC) plus risk assessment and signposting versus risk assessment and signposting alone. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:43. [PMID: 36932430 PMCID: PMC10021063 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Going to university is an important milestone in many people's lives. It can also be a time of significant challenge and stress. There are growing concerns about mental health amongst student populations including suicide risk. Student mental health and counselling services have the potential to prevent suicide, but evidence-based therapies are required that fit these service contexts. The Broad-Minded Affective Coping intervention (BMAC) is a brief (6 sessions), positive imagery-based intervention that aims to enhance students access to past positive experiences and associated emotions and cognitions. Pilot data provides preliminary support for the BMAC for students struggling with suicidal thoughts and behaviours, but this intervention has not yet been evaluated in the context of a randomised controlled trial (RCT). The Mental Imagery for Suicidality in Students Trial (MISST) is a feasibility RCT that aims to determine the acceptability and feasibility of evaluating the BMAC as an intervention for university students at risk of suicide within a larger efficacy trial. Key feasibility uncertainties have been identified relating to recruitment, retention, and missing data. Intervention acceptability and safety will also be evaluated. METHOD MISST is a feasibility randomised controlled trial design, with 1:1 allocation to risk assessment and signposting plus BMAC or risk assessment and signposting alone. Participants will be university students who self-report experiences of suicidal ideation or behaviour in the past 3 months. Assessments take place at baseline, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The target sample size is 66 participants. A subset of up to 20 participants will be invited to take part in semi-structured qualitative interviews to obtain further data concerning the acceptability of the intervention. DISCUSSION The BMAC intervention may provide an effective, brief talking therapy to help university students struggling with suicidal thoughts that could be readily implemented into university student counselling services. Depending on the results of MISST, the next step would be to undertake a larger-scale efficacy trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was preregistered (17 December 2021) on ISRCTN (ISRCTN13621293) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05296538).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James Taylor
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paula Duxbury
- Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Moorhouse
- Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chloe Russell
- Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan Pratt
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie Parker
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Sutton
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research, and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Lobban
- LA14YW, Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Richard Drake
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Steve Eccles
- Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David Ryder
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research, and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rafeea Patel
- Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Eirian Kerry
- Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Nathan Randles
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - James Kelly
- Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jasper Palmier-Claus
- LA14YW, Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. .,Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK.
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3
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Heino E, Fröjd S, Marttunen M, Kaltiala R. Transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation among Finnish adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:101-108. [PMID: 33866702 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence reveals disparities in suicidal behaviour and ideation exist between transgender and cisgender youth. It has been hypothesized that certain gender minority specific risk factors, such as experiences of victimization, could partially explain the mental health disparities between transgender and cisgender youth. We set out to explore whether transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation among Finnish adolescents and whether the possible association persist when a range of covariates is controlled for. METHODS The study included 1,425 pupils (mean age (SD) = 15.59 (0.41)) who participated in the study during a school lesson. Logistic regression was used to study associations between transgender identity and severe suicidal ideation. RESULTS Four models, each adding more covariates, were created. The final model revealed a statistically significant association between transgender identity and severe suicidal ideation, even though the association grew weaker as more covariates were added and controlled for. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation even after prominent covariates or risk factors of suicidal behaviour and ideation have been taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Heino
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Fröjd
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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Souza LC, Galvão LP, Paiva HS, Périco CDAM, Ventriglio A, Torales J, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Martins-da-Silva AS. Major depressive disorder as a risk factor for suicidal ideation for attendees of educational institutions: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 41:e2021344. [PMID: 36921167 PMCID: PMC10013990 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in individuals whose ages varied from 11 to 24 years and who were attending educational institutions. DATA SOURCE A systematic review was carried out by searching in PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Original studies conducted in educational institutions, including individuals whose age varied from 11 to 24 years, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Eight studies were selected for the meta-analysis, including 35,443 youths, with an average age of 16.8 years, predominantly female (51.2%), and from middle-income Asian countries (91.6%). An odds ratio of MDD of 3.89 (95%CI 2.46-6.17) for suicide ideation in youth was found. Subgroup analysis showed higher effects in Asia (OR=4.71; 95%CI 3.22-6.89) than Americas (OR=1.71; 95%CI 1.44-2.03). The meta-regression model indicated that younger adolescents (coef=-0.63; 95%CI 1.09--0.18; p<0.01) and older studies (coef=-0.23; 95%CI 0.039--0.08; p<0.01) presented higher effects of MDD on suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Early detection and treatment of MDD in youth patients are of utmost importance for preventing suicidal ideation. Educational institutions could play an important role in the early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costa Souza
- Secretaria de Saúde de São Bernardo do Campo, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Julio Torales
- National University of Asunción, School of Medical Sciences, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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5
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Park H, Lee K. Association Between Breakfast Consumption and Suicidal Attempts in Adolescents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2529-2541. [PMID: 36124336 PMCID: PMC9482457 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s380192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been previously reported that skipping breakfast is positively associated with increased depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological distress. This study examined the effects of breakfast consumption on suicide attempts among adolescents. Patients and Methods The Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) is an anonymous self-report survey conducted with middle- and high-school students to understand the health behavior of Korean adolescents. Variables related to suicide risk such as suicide attempts, breakfast frequency, depression, anxiety, and violence were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The class selected as the sample class was surveyed for all students and the number of youths selected as the sample in 2020 was 57,925 students from 800 schools (400 middle schools and 400 high schools) in 17 cities and provinces nationwide. Among them, the dataset for this study was 54,948 completed adolescent health behavior surveys. Results Adolescents who attempted suicide often skipped breakfast and had high stress levels. In the regression analysis, those who ate breakfast less than once a week had a stronger association with suicide attempts than the group of six or seven times a week (OR = 2.186; 95% CI = 1.873-2.552). In the group of feeling sadness or hopeless for more than two weeks in the past year, those who ate breakfast zero or once a week (OR = 1.269; 95% CI = 1.044-1.542), or two or three times (OR = 1.300; 95% CI = 1.043-1.619), showed a stronger correlation with suicide attempts than the group of six or seven times a week. Conclusion Breakfast can affect adolescents' emotions. Helping adolescents regularly eat breakfasts might be a suicide prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanjin Park
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kounseok Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wu O, Lu X, Yeo KJ, Xiao Y, Yip P. Assessing Prevalence and Unique Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation among First-Year University Students in China Using a Unique Multidimensional University Personality Inventor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10786. [PMID: 36078501 PMCID: PMC9517881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students with suicidal ideation are at high risk of suicide, which constitutes a significant social and public health problem in China. However, little is known about the prevalence and associated risk factors of suicidal ideation among first-year university students in China, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its factors in first-year Chinese university students from a vocational college in Zhejiang during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using a cluster sampling technique, a university-wide survey was conducted of 686 first-year university students from Hangzhou in March 2020 using University Personality Inventory (UPI). UPI includes an assessment for suicidal ideation and possible risk factors. Suicidal ideation prevalence was calculated for males and females. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted, adjusting for age and sex. Analyses were carried out using the SPSS version 22.0 software. RESULTS The prevalence of 12-month suicidal ideation among first-year university students during March 2020 was 5.2%, and there was no significant difference between males and females (4.8% vs. 6.0%, x2 = 0.28, p = 0.597). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified social avoidance (B = 0.78, OR = 2.17, p < 0.001) and emotional vulnerability (B = 0.71, OR = 2.02, p < 0.001) as positively associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Social avoidance and emotional vulnerabilities are unique factors associated with greater suicidal ideation among first-year university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. UPI serves as a validated tool to screen suicide risks among Chinese university students. Encouraging social engagement and improving emotional regulation skills are promising targets to reduce suicidal ideation among first-year university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Mental Health Education & Counseling Center, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 314423, China
| | - Kee Jiar Yeo
- School of Education, University Teknologi, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Yunyu Xiao
- Department of Population Health Science, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Paul Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Dizon JIWT, Mendoza NB. Low Perceived Social Rank Increases the Impact of Mental Health Symptoms on Suicidal Ideation: Evidence among Young Adults from the Philippines. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:522-539. [PMID: 34989659 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.2022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Studies on social factors that could influence the mental health-suicidal ideation link remain scarce, especially in non-Western contexts. This study examined the relationship between mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and suicidal ideation and whether one's perceived social rank moderates such a relationship. Data from 631 students from two universities in the Philippines collected between October to December 2018 was analyzed. Bivariate correlations show that greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with increased suicidal ideation. Hierarchical linear regression models supported the direct relationship between mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation and demonstrated that perceived social rank significantly moderated such a relationship. Johnson-Neyman plots and simple slopes analyses further illustrate how mental health symptoms and perceived social rank interact to impact suicidal ideation. The results show that as one's perceived social rank lowers, the strength of the positive association between depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms to suicidal ideation strengthens. The results held while controlling for age, gender, college year level, and family income. The findings are discussed using the social rank theory and the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model of suicide to view suicidal ideation from both an individual and a social perspective. We expound on the role of low perceived social rank on suicidal ideation among young adults.HIGHLIGHTSHigher depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms are associated with higher suicidal ideation.Perceived social rank moderates the link between mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation.One's perception of being inferior to others can exacerbate suicidal ideation.
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Rioux C, Huet AS, Castellanos-Ryan N, Fortier L, Le Blanc M, Hamaoui S, Geoffroy MC, Renaud J, Séguin JR. Substance use disorders and suicidality in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on the direction of the association. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255799. [PMID: 34358273 PMCID: PMC8345848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reviews and meta-analyses suggest that substance use and suicidality (i.e., suicidal ideations and attempts) are associated in youth, but the direction of this association remains unclear. Theoretically, the secondary psychiatric disorder hypothesis (SPDH) posits that substance use leads to suicidality, while the secondary substance use disorder hypothesis (SSUDH) posits that suicidality leads to substance use. To clarify these associations, this meta-analysis systematically reviewed studies that examined the prospective associations between SUDs and suicidality in youth (age 25 and younger) and compared results according to the direction of the association. METHODS Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global were searched from inception to March 8, 2020, and 55 effect sizes from 23 samples were included and analyzed using a three-level meta-analysis. RESULTS SUDs significantly predicted subsequent suicidality (OR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.57-2.97), suicidality significantly predicted subsequent SUDs (OR = 2.16, 95%CI 1.53-3.04), and these effect sizes did not differ (p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS Considering that 65% of reviewed studies only examined the SPDH, this review highlights that more attention should be given to the SSUDH, and that studies should examine bidirectional associations between SUDs and suicidality across time. Clinically, because SUDs and suicidality were found to influence each other, results suggest that mental health and SUDs should ideally be detected and treated early, and that co-occurring disorders should be assessed and treated concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Rioux
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anne-Sophie Huet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Castellanos-Ryan
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurianne Fortier
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Myriam Le Blanc
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Hamaoui
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Renaud
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Manulife Centre for Breakthroughs in Teen Depression and Suicide Prevention, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean R. Séguin
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Kim H, Ryu JM, Kim HW. Characteristics and Trends of Suicide Attempt or Non-suicidal Self-injury in Children and Adolescents Visiting Emergency Department. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e276. [PMID: 32830466 PMCID: PMC7445307 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality are common reasons for child and adolescent psychiatric emergencies. We aimed to investigate the incidence of pediatric emergency department (PED) utilization for psychiatric problems in children and adolescents and to identify demographic and clinical characteristics of youths who visited the PED for suicide attempt (SA) and/or NSSI. METHODS The medical records of children and adolescents who visited the PED for psychiatric problems from January 2015 to November 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical variables including psychiatric disorders were collected. We compared the characteristics of youths who presented to the PED for SA and/or NSSI with those of youths without SA or NSSI. Student's t-test, χ² test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS During 59 months of observation, 194 youths visited the PED and the number of total PED visits was 336. Among them, 46 youths (23.7%) visited the PED for SA and/or NSSI at least once, and the number of visits was 91 (27.1% of PED visits). Youths with SA and/or NSSI were older (P = 0.001) and more likely to be a girl (P = 0.005) and to report parental absence (P = 0.023). Bipolar and related disorders (P = 0.032) and depressive disorders (P = 0.004) were more common in youths with SA and/or NSSI, while schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (P = 0.030) and somatic symptom and related disorders (P = 0.007) were more common in those without SA and NSSI. After adjusting for age, sex, and parental marital status, bipolar and related disorders (odds ratio [OR], 6.72), depressive disorders (OR, 9.59), and somatic symptom and related disorders (OR, 0.12) were significantly associated with SA and/or NSSI. Youths with SA and/or NSSI also stayed longer in the PED (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION SA and NSSI are one of the main reasons for child and adolescent admittance to psychiatric services in the PED and are associated with psychiatric comorbidities. An appropriate risk assessment for suicidality and self-injury and proper management and referral to mental health services at the PED are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Childhood predictors and moderators of lifetime risk of self-harm in girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:1351-1367. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with self-harm during adolescence and young adulthood, especially among females. Yet little is known about the developmental trajectories or childhood predictors/moderators of self-harm in women with and without childhood histories of ADHD. We characterized lifetime risk for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide attempts (SA), comparing female participants with (n = 140) and without (n = 88) childhood ADHD. We examined theory-informed childhood predictors and moderators of lifetime risk via baseline measures from childhood. First, regarding developmental patterns, most females with positive histories of lifetime self-harm engaged in such behaviors in adolescence yet desisted by adulthood. Females with positive histories of self-harm by late adolescence emanated largely from the ADHD-C group. Second, we found that predictors of NSSI were early externalizing symptoms, overall executive functioning, and father's negative parenting; predictors of SI were adverse childhood experiences and low self-esteem; and predictors of SA were early externalizing symptoms, adverse childhood experiences, and low self-esteem. Third, receiver operating characteristics analyses helped to ascertain interactive sets of predictors. Findings indicate that pathways to self-harm are multifaceted for females with ADHD. Understanding early childhood predictors and moderators of self-harm can inform both risk assessment and intervention strategies.
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11
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Morita A, Fujiwara T. Association between Childhood Suicidal Ideation and Geriatric Depression in Japan: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2257. [PMID: 32230812 PMCID: PMC7178046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are assumed to increase the risk of depression in late life via development of poor mental health conditions; however, the association between mental distress in childhood and geriatric depression has not been directly examined. This study examined the association between childhood suicidal ideation and geriatric depression, using population-based, cross-sectional survey data from 1140 community-dwelling, functionally independent older adults in Wakuya City, Japan. We assessed childhood suicidal ideation by asking the participants whether they had seriously considered attempting suicide before the age of 18, together with geriatric depression, using the Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Poisson regression was applied to adjust for potential confounders and mediators. In total, 6.1% of the participants reported childhood suicidal ideation. After adjustment for sex, age, personality attributes and ACEs, childhood suicidal ideation was positively associated with geriatric depression prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 1.04-1.88). The increased PR of geriatric depression remained significant, even after further adjustment for adulthood socio-economic status, recent life stressors and current health status (PR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.02-1.88). Further prospective studies are warranted, but efforts to deliver mental health services to children with suicidal ideation potentially diminish the highly prevalent geriatric depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Morita
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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12
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Assessing the Relationship Between School Failure and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Taylor PJ, Dhingra K, Dickson JM, McDermott E. Psychological Correlates of Self-Harm within Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual UK University Students. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:41-56. [PMID: 30152727 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1515136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the association between lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) status and self-harm in UK higher education students. There is currently limited data on this association, and the role psychological variables have in potentially explaining this link, in UK students. We examine whether LGB status is associated with self-harm (both non-suicidal self-injury [NSSI] and suicide attempts [SA]), and whether 4 psychological variables (depression, anxiety, belongingness, self-esteem) mediate this association. A cross-sectional survey was used. UK university students (n = 707) completed an online survey including measures of self-harm, affective symptoms, belongingness, and self-esteem. Latent Variable Modelling (LVM) was used to test our hypotheses. LGB status remained associated with an elevated risk of NSSI and SA even after accounting for mediating factors. Self-esteem and (in the case of SA but not NSSI) thwarted belongingness, did, however, explain some of this association and were correlated with self-harm risk. The findings suggest that psychological factors may account for the association between LGB status and self-harm and, as such, prevention and intervention efforts directed at these psychological mediators may help to reduce self-harm risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James Taylor
- Clinical Psychology, University of Manchester Institute of Human Development, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Katie Dhingra
- Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Elizabeth McDermott
- University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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14
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Clarke S, Allerhand LA, Berk MS. Recent advances in understanding and managing self-harm in adolescents. F1000Res 2019; 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1794. [PMID: 31681470 PMCID: PMC6816451 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19868.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent suicide is a serious public health problem, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is both highly comorbid with suicidality among adolescents and a significant predictor of suicide attempts (SAs) in adolescents. We will clarify extant definitions related to suicidality and NSSI and the important similarities and differences between these constructs. We will also review several significant risk factors for suicidality, evidence-based and evidence-informed safety management strategies, and evidence-based treatment for adolescent self-harming behaviors. Currently, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for adolescents is the first and only treatment meeting the threshold of a well-established treatment for self-harming adolescents at high risk for suicide. Areas in need of future study include processes underlying the association between NSSI and SAs, clarification of warning signs and risk factors that are both sensitive and specific enough to accurately predict who is at imminent risk for suicide, and further efforts to sustain the effects of DBT post-treatment. DBT is a time- and labor-intensive treatment that requires extensive training for therapists and a significant time commitment for families (generally 6 months). It will therefore be helpful to assess whether other less-intensive treatment options can be established as evidence-based treatment for suicidal adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA
| | - Lauren A. Allerhand
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA
| | - Michele S. Berk
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5719, USA
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15
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Guedria-Tekari A, Missaoui S, Kalai W, Gaddour N, Gaha L. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Tunisian adolescents: prevalence and associated factors. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34:105. [PMID: 31998428 PMCID: PMC6961937 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.105.19920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies directed on suicidal behavior in North African adolescents are rare. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts among high school students in Tunisia and to determine factors associated with this suicidal behavior. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study composed of a population containing 821 high school students obtained through cluster sampling. The participants completed a pre-established form related to socio-demographic characteristics and anxiety symptoms, the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, the Beck depression scale, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results The mean age of the adolescents was 17.7±0.97 years. Prevalence of suicidal behavior was 26.9% for brief passing suicidal thoughts, 9.6% for serious suicidal thoughts, and 7.3% for suicide attempts. Six determining factors of suicidal behavior were found: female gender (OR=2.56 (1.32-4.95); p= 0.005), personal history of depression (OR=2.29 (1.38-3.80); p=0.001), tobacco smoking (OR=3.59 (1.61-8.01); p=0.002), current depression symptoms (OR=5.50 (2.14-14.11); p<0.001), history of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (OR= 3.16 (2.05-4.86); p<0.001), and low self-esteem (OR=2.74 (1.71-4.38); p<0.001). Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempts are frequent among Tunisian adolescents and represent a serious public health problem. An urgent national prevention program is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Guedria-Tekari
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Missaoui
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, CISSS de Lanaudière, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Naoufel Gaddour
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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16
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The Prevalence and Predictors of Suicidal Ideation Among Slovene Adolescents. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:1210-1217. [PMID: 30927216 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We set out to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Slovene adolescents and to examine the predictive value of gender, depression, loneliness, multiple health complaints, bullying and degree of family support for the presence of suicidal thoughts. Our sample consisted out of 1547 15-year-old high-school students which took part in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) in 2014. Suicidal ideation was more present in girls, in adolescents with depressive feelings, and in those reporting higher levels of loneliness and multiple health complaints. Being a bully, loneliness and depression were important risk factors, while family support acted as a protective factor.
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17
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Meir P, Alfano CA, Lau S, Hill RM, Palmer CA. Sleep Patterns and Anxiety in Children Interact to Predict Later Suicidal Ideation. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2019; 48:372-393. [PMID: 32675893 PMCID: PMC7365578 DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2019.1630283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of childhood anxiety pose risk for suicide; however, factors that accentuate this risk are unknown. Seventy-one children participated in a longitudinal study investigating anxiety and sleep in childhood (between 7-11 years) and later suicidal ideation (SI; M = 3.3 years later). Sleep was assessed via subjective reports and objective measures (actigraphy and polysomnography). Children with greater anxiety symptoms were at greater risk for later SI when sleep disturbances were present in childhood. Results suggest that sleep disruption may amplify SI risk in anxious children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priel Meir
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004
| | | | - Simon Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004
| | - Ryan M. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Cara A. Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
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18
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Blasco MJ, Vilagut G, Almenara J, Roca M, Piqueras JA, Gabilondo A, Lagares C, Soto-Sanz V, Alayo I, Forero CG, Echeburúa E, Gili M, Cebrià AI, Bruffaerts R, Auerbach RP, Nock MK, Kessler RC, Alonso J. Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Prevalence and Association with Distal and Proximal Factors in Spanish University Students. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:881-898. [PMID: 30039575 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report on the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in Spanish university students and their risk and protective factors (distal/proximal; individual/environmental). METHODS First-year university students completed an online survey including Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI) items, the screening version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) along with adversities and positive relationships during childhood/adolescence, recent stressful experiences, and lifetime mental disorders. Nested logistic regression models were estimated and areas under the curve (AUC) compared. RESULTS A total of 2,118 students completed the survey (mean age = 18.8 [SD = 1.4] years; 55.4% female). Twelve-month prevalence of suicide ideation (SI) was 9.9%, plans, 5.6%, and attempts, 0.6%. Risk factors of 12-month SI were as follows: parental psychopathology (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5); sexual assault (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.4-22.1); lifetime mood disorder (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 3.5-7.7); and lifetime anxiety disorder (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5). Childhood positive relationships protected from SI were as follows: peers/others (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9 for the second highest tertile) and family (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7 for the highest tertile). AUC of the final model was 0.82 (SE = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results indicate a high prevalence of SI among Spanish university students and identify protective and risk factors from a comprehensive conceptual model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesús Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | - Itxaso Alayo
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos G Forero
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, KU Leuven (UPC-KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Din NC, Ibrahim N, Amit N, Kadir NBA, Halim MRTA. Reasons for Living and Coping with Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 25:140-150. [PMID: 30914870 PMCID: PMC6419889 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rate of suicide ideation everywhere continues to increase, and adolescents are therefore at risk of displaying suicidal behaviour. This study examined the protective role of the reasons for living and coping strategies in reducing suicidal ideation among young adolescents in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 176 adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years of age with the majority being Malay and Muslim. The Brief Reasons for Living for Adolescents (BRFL-A), Jalowiec Coping Scale and Suicide Ideation Scale were employed. Results The results showed that the reasons for living and palliative coping strategy correlated negatively with suicide ideation; although, further analysis using multiple regression revealed that family alliance and optimistic and palliative coping strategies were found to be significant reasons for living that protect adolescents from suicidal thoughts. Also, those adolescents who used emotive and evasive coping strategies had higher suicidal ideation. Conclusion Cultural and social values continue to play an important role in protecting adolescents in Malaysia from suicidal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noh Amit
- Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Ba'yah Abdul Kadir
- Centre of Human and Societal Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Radzi Tarmizi A Halim
- Centre of Human and Societal Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Mental disorders as risk factors for suicidal behavior in young people: A meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:152-162. [PMID: 30390504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people. OBJECTIVE To assess mental disorders as risk factors for suicidal behaviour among adolescents and young adults including population-based longitudinal studies. METHOD We conducted a systematic literature review. Bibliographic searches undertaken in five international databases and grey literature sources until January 2017 yielded a total of 26,883 potential papers. 1701 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility of which 1677 were excluded because they did not meet our eligibility criteria. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for each outcome (suicide death and suicide attempts). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and beta coefficients and standard errors were calculated. RESULTS 24 studies were finally included involving 25,354 participants (12-26 years). The presence of any mental disorder was associated with higher risk of suicide death (OR = 10.83, 95%CI = 4.69-25.00) and suicide attempt (OR = 3.56; 95%CI 2.24-5.67). When considering suicidal attempt as the outcome, only affective disorders (OR = 1.54; 95%CI = 1.21-1.96) were significant. Finally, the results revealed that psychiatric comorbidity was a primary risk factor for suicide attempts. LIMITATIONS Data were obtained from studies with heterogeneous diagnostic assessments of mental disorders. Nine case-control studies were included and some data were collected in students, not in general population. CONCLUSIONS Mental disorders and comorbidity are strong predictors of suicide behaviour in young people. Detection and management of the affective disorders as well as their psychiatric comorbidity could be a crucial strategy to prevent suicidality in this age group.
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21
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Benjet C, Menendez D, Albor Y, Borges G, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME. Adolescent Predictors of Incidence and Persistence of Suicide-Related Outcomes in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican Youth. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2018; 48:755-766. [PMID: 28972296 PMCID: PMC5882600 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Mexico has seen one of the largest increases in suicide rates worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults. This study uses data from the 1,071 respondents who participated in a two-wave longitudinal study when they were between 12 and 17 years of age, and again when they were between 19 and 26 years of age. The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed suicidal behavior and DSM-IV mental disorders. We used Cox regressions to evaluate which sociodemographic and psychiatric factors and life events predicted the incidence and remission of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt throughout the 8-year span. The 8-year incidence of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt was 13.3%, 4.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. We found that the number of traumatic life events during childhood, no longer being in school, and tobacco use predicted which adolescents developed suicide behaviors as they transitioned into young adulthood. Psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, played a larger role in the persistence of those who already had suicidal behaviors, while behavioral disorders played a role in the transition from ideation to attempt. This distinction may be useful for clinicians to assess the risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Benjet
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz
| | | | - Yesica Albor
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz
| | | | - Ricardo Orozco
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz
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22
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Abdullah M, Khalily MT, Ahmad I, Hallahan B. Psychological autopsy review on mental health crises and suicide among youth in Pakistan. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12338. [PMID: 30280522 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ascertaining putative sociodemographic and clinical causes for death by probable suicide can potentially help implement region-specific strategies to reduce suicide rates. In this study, we wanted to investigate methods utilized and the psychosocial and mental health characteristics of youths (aged 12-26 y) who died by probable suicide. METHOD We examined data from mental health clinical files and forensic reports and performed qualitative psychological autopsy interview from more than multiple sources for each youth who died by probable suicide between 1 May and 31 December 2015 in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. RESULTS The two most common methods of probable suicide were by firearm use and self-poisoning utilizing pesticides that were significantly associated with male and female gender, respectively. The most common mental health difficulties were major depressive disorder and harmful use of psychoactive substances. Other clinical features particularly evident included thoughts of self-harm, irritability and aggression, low self-esteem, treatment nonadherence, family dispute, and financial distress. CONCLUSION Efforts to reduce the ease of access to firearms and pesticides may potentially have a beneficial effect in reducing the suicide rate in this region of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Abdullah
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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23
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Perceived parental support in childhood and adolescence and suicidal ideation in young adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the i-Share study. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:373. [PMID: 30482174 PMCID: PMC6260717 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and suicidal risk assessment are major concerns for health professionals. The perception of a low level of parental support is a risk factor for suicidal tendencies among adolescents, but little is known about its long-term impact on the vulnerability to suicidal behavior in young adults. We investigated whether the perceived level of parental support during childhood and adolescence was associated with current suicidal ideation in young adults. METHODS We retrieved data collected in the i-Share study from February 1st, 2013 through January 30, 2017. This cross-sectional study included 10,015 French students, aged 18-24 years that completed an on-line self-reported questionnaire about suicidal ideation in the last 12 months and their perceived parental support in childhood and adolescence. We performed multinomial logistic regressions and sensitivity analyses to assess associations between the degree of perceived parental support and the frequency suicidal thoughts, after adjusting for the main known risk factors of suicidal ideation. We employed multiple imputations to account for missing data. RESULTS The study sample included 7539 female (75.7%) and 2436 male (24.3%) students (mean [SD] age 20.0 [1.8] years). About one in five students reported occasional suicidal thoughts (n = 1775, 17.7%) and 368 students (3.7%) reported frequent suicidal thoughts. The adjusted multinomial logistic regression revealed a significant negative association between perceived parental support and suicidal thoughts. A lack of perceived parental support in childhood and adolescence was associated with > 4-fold elevated risk of occasional (adjusted OR, 4.55; 95% CI: 2.97-6.99) and nearly 9-fold elevated risk of frequent (adjusted OR, 8.58; 95% CI: 4.62-15.96) suicidal thoughts, compared to individuals that perceived extremely strong parental support. This association was strongest among students with no personal history of depression or suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Students that perceived low levels of past parental support had a higher risk of suicidal ideation. Past perceived parental support appeared to be a potent marker of suicidal risk in young adults. This marker should be routinely collected in studies on suicidal risk in young adults, and it could be considered an additional screening tool.
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Lee D, Jung S, Park S, Hong HJ. The impact of psychological problems and adverse life events on suicidal ideation among adolescents using nationwide data of a school-based mental health screening test in Korea. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1361-1372. [PMID: 29492646 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents by gender and age. This study used 2013 nationwide school-based mental health screening test data from 591,303 seventh grade students and 618,271 tenth grade students in Korea. Suicidal ideation, four psychological problems, and three adverse life events were evaluated using the Adolescents Mental Health and Problem Behavior Screening Questionnaire-II. Of all students, 12.9-14.7% of the boys and 17.1-23.2% of the girls had suicidal ideation. Mood had the greatest impact on the risk for suicidal ideation and other factors also significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation. Distractibility was positively related to suicidal ideation only in seventh grade students and behavioral problems increased suicidal ideation more in girls than in boys. Violence constituted the most powerful factor for suicidal ideation among the events; however, bullying constituted the most important event that increased suicidal ideation in seventh grade girls. All factors except 'Distractibility' increased the risk of severe suicidal ideation. The risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescents differed by gender and age. Interventions should be made according to these characteristics to reduce suicidal ideation in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 14068, South Korea
| | - Song Jung
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 14068, South Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 14068, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea.
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, 14068, South Korea.
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25
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Memon AM, Sharma SG, Mohite SS, Jain S. The role of online social networking on deliberate self-harm and suicidality in adolescents: A systematized review of literature. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60:384-392. [PMID: 30581202 PMCID: PMC6278213 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_414_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media use by minors has significantly increased and has been linked to depression and suicidality. Simultaneously, age-adjusted suicide rates have steadily increased over the past decade in the United States with suicide being the second most common cause of death in youth. Hence, the increase in suicide rate parallels the simultaneous increase in social media use. In addition, the rate of nonsuicidal self-injury ranges between 14% and 21% among young people. Evidence suggests that self-harming youth is more active on online social networks than youth who do not engage in self-harm behavior. The role of online social networking on deliberates self-harm and suicidality in adolescents with a focus on negative influence was assessed by conducting a systematized literature review. A literature search on "PubMed" and "Ovid Medline" using a combination of MeSH terms yielded nine articles for data extraction satisfying predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. It was found that social networking websites are utilized by suicidal and self-harming youth as a medium to communicate with and to seek social support from other users. Online social networking also leads to increased exposure to and engagement in self-harm behavior due to users receiving negative messages promoting self-harm, emulating self-injurious behavior of others, and adopting self-harm practices from shared videos. Greater time spent on social networking websites led to higher psychological distress, an unmet need for mental health support, poor self-rated mental health, and increased suicidal ideation. In conclusion, greater time spent on online social networking promotes self-harm behavior and suicidal ideation in vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksha M Memon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shiva G Sharma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Satyajit S Mohite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shailesh Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA
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Reshetukha TR, Alavi N, Prost E, Kirkpatrick RH, Sajid S, Patel C, Groll DL. Improving suicide risk assessment in the emergency department through physician education and a suicide risk assessment prompt. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2018; 52:34-40. [PMID: 29549821 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of two interventions on suicide risk assessment within emergency departments (EDs) on improving the documentation of suicide risk factors by emergency medicine and psychiatric physicians during suicide risk assessment. METHOD An educational intervention on suicide was provided to all emergency medicine and psychiatry physicians and was followed by the placement of a suicide risk assessment prompt within local EDs. The medical charts of all ED patients presenting with suicidal ideation or behaviours were reviewed immediately and six months after the interventions and compared to pre-intervention. Differences in the documentation of 40 biopsychosocial suicide risk factors between specialties and after the interventions were determined. RESULTS The documentation of 34/40 (p ≤ 0.008) and 33/40 (p ≤ 0.009) suicide risk factors was significantly improved by emergency medicine and psychiatry physicians, respectively, after the interventions and maintained six months later. Immediately and six months after the interventions, the documentation of 8/40 (p ≤ 0.041) and 14/40 (p ≤ 0.048) suicide risk factors, respectively, significantly differed between specialties. CONCLUSION This suggests that providing a brief educational intervention on suicide to emergency medicine and psychiatry physicians followed by placing a prompt for important, yet commonly undocumented risk factors within the ED is a low-cost and effective intervention for improving documentation of suicide risk assessments within the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras R Reshetukha
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada.
| | - Nazanin Alavi
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
| | - Eric Prost
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada.
| | - Ryan H Kirkpatrick
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada.
| | - Saad Sajid
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada.
| | - Charmy Patel
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada.
| | - Dianne L Groll
- Queen's University Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care Hospital, 752 King Street West, Postal Bag 603, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada.
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Borges G, Benjet C, Orozco R, Medina-Mora ME, Menendez D. Alcohol, cannabis and other drugs and subsequent suicide ideation and attempt among young Mexicans. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 91:74-82. [PMID: 28325681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report results from a follow-up study of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs on suicidal behavior. METHOD We estimated prospective associations of substance use as a risk factor for incident suicide ideation and attempt, from a follow-up conducted in 2013 (n = 1071) of the original Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey conducted in 2005. RESULTS Cannabis use before age 15 (ideation risk ratio (RR) = 3.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43-11.03; attempt RR = 5.23; 95% CI = 1.17-23.32), early onset of DSM-IV drug use disorder (DUD) among cannabis users (ideation RR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.11-9.84; attempt RR = 4.14; 95% CI = 1.28-13.36), high frequency of cannabis use (RR for attempts = 4.60; 1.03-20.60) and recent DSM-IV-DUD among cannabis users (RR for attempts = 4.74; 1.09-20.57) increased the RR. For "other drug use", significant results were found among those with high frequency use of other drugs such that they had a higher RR of suicide attempt (5.04; 1.03-24.64). For alcohol, only those who initiated alcohol before age 15 had higher RRs of suicide attempt (1.79; 1.00-3.20). DISCUSSION Those who used cannabis at an early age, early onset of DSM-IV-DUD, and those with heavy cannabis use and recent DSM-IV-DUD among cannabis users in the last 12-months had increased risk of suicide ideation and attempt. Drugs other than cannabis showed some of these associations, but to a lesser degree. Prevention of substance use and treatment of those already engaged in drug use, by decreasing suicide ideation and attempt, may help to prevent suicide in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Nacional Institute of Psychiatry, de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Corina Benjet
- Nacional Institute of Psychiatry, de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Nacional Institute of Psychiatry, de Psiquiatría, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David Menendez
- University of Wisconsin- Madison, Department of Psychology, WI, USA
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Castellví P, Lucas-Romero E, Miranda-Mendizábal A, Parés-Badell O, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco MJ, Cebrià A, Gabilondo A, Gili M, Lagares C, Piqueras JA, Roca M, Rodríguez-Marín J, Rodríguez-Jimenez T, Soto-Sanz V, Alonso J. Longitudinal association between self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:37-48. [PMID: 28315579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with previous self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) have over 2-fold risk of dying by suicide, higher than older ages. This meta-analysis aims to disentangle the association of each SITB with subsequent suicidal behavior in adolescence/young adulthood, the contribution of each SITB, and the proportion of suicide deaths with no previous suicide attempt. METHODS We searched 6 databases until June 2015. INCLUSION CRITERIA 1. Assessment of any previous SITB [a) suicidal thoughts and behaviors (ideation; threat/gesture; plan; attempt); b) non-suicidal thoughts and behaviors (thoughts; threat/gesture; self-injury); c) self-harm] as a risk factor of suicide attempt or suicide death; 2. Case-control or cohort studies; 3. Subjects aged 12-26y. Random effect models, metaregression analyses including mental health and environmental variables, and population attributable risks (PAR)s were estimated. RESULTS From 23,682 potentially eligible articles, 29 were included in the meta-analysis (1,122,054 individuals). While 68% of all youth suicide deaths had no previous suicide attempt, suicide death was very strongly associated with any previous SITB (OR=22.53, 95%CI: 18.40-27.58). Suicide attempts were also associated with a history of previous SITB (OR=3.48, 95%CI: 2.71-4.43). There were no moderating effects for mental health and environmental features. The PAR of previous SITB to suicide attempts is 26%. LIMITATIONS There is considerable heterogeneity between the available studies. Due to limitations in the original studies, an over-estimation of the proportion dying at their first attempt cannot be ruled out, since they might have missed unrecognized previous suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Although more than two thirds of suicide deaths in adolescence/young adulthood have occurred with no previous suicidal behavior, previous SITBs have a much higher risk of dying by suicide than previously reported in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castellví
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - E Lucas-Romero
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Miranda-Mendizábal
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Parés-Badell
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Almenara
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - I Alonso
- Morales Meseguer Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - M J Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - A Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Spain; Mental Health and Psychiatric Care Research Unit. BioDonosti Health Research Institute, Spain
| | - M Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Lagares
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research. University of Cádiz. Spain
| | - J A Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - M Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Marín
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - T Rodríguez-Jimenez
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - V Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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Ibrahim N, Amit N, Che Din N, Ong HC. Gender differences and psychological factors associated with suicidal ideation among youth in Malaysia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2017; 10:129-135. [PMID: 28496374 PMCID: PMC5417667 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s125176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a global phenomenon that has been showing an upward trend in recent years. It is the second leading cause of death among youth. Studies on suicidal ideation warrant greater attention, as it leads to suicide attempts and other health risk behaviors. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare gender differences in suicidal ideation and determine the predictors of suicidal ideation among youth. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 232 youths aged between 15 and 25 years from selected urban areas in Malaysia. The results showed that suicidal ideation was higher among male participants compared with female participants. Age was the predictor of suicidal ideation for males, while depression and loss of motivation, as components of hopelessness, were the predictors of suicidal ideation among females. Hence, it is important that professionals conduct early identification tests for suicidality among young people. This will facilitate the early detection of depression and hopelessness, which is important, in order to prevent suicidal behaviors or other problems before these occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Ibrahim
- Health Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noh Amit
- Health Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Chien Ong
- Health Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Begum A, Rahman AKMF, Rahman A, Soares J, Reza Khankeh H, Macassa G. Prevalence of suicide ideation among adolescents and young adults in rural Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2017.1304074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Lindgren M, Manninen M, Kalska H, Mustonen U, Laajasalo T, Moilanen K, Huttunen MO, Cannon TD, Suvisaari J, Therman S. Suicidality, self-harm and psychotic-like symptoms in a general adolescent psychiatric sample. Early Interv Psychiatry 2017; 11:113-122. [PMID: 25582971 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the associations between clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), psychotic-like symptoms and suicidality among adolescent psychiatric patients. METHODS The sample consisted of 54 CHR and 107 non-CHR psychiatric patients aged 15-18 in Helsinki, Finland, who were assessed at the beginning of their psychiatric treatment with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Current suicidality was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (item 9), while lifetime suicidality was evaluated from all available data, including patient files. The participants were followed for 2.8-8.9 years via the national hospital discharge register, with the follow-up outcome being intentional self-harm. Data on suicides were also gathered from the Causes of Death statistics. RESULTS Only 30.5% of the adolescents had no suicidal ideation at the beginning of their treatment. CHR risk state and SIPS-assessed delusions, suspiciousness, and hallucinations were associated with higher current suicidality. Of the 154 adolescents with register follow-up, there were five (3.2%) with intentional self-harm resulting in hospital treatment, all female. CHR status was not associated with self-harm. Current suicidality, familial risk of psychosis, and SIPS decreased expression of emotions were associated with self-harm during follow-up. In a Cox regression analysis model among girls, only decreased expression of emotions remained a significant predictor of intentional self-harm. Baseline suicidality measures were not associated with transitions to psychosis. CONCLUSIONS CHR status was associated with higher current suicidality but did not predict follow-up intentional self-harm in treatment-seeking adolescents. Decreased expression of emotions may indicate higher risk of intentional self-harm in adolescent treatment-seeking girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Lindgren
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Discipline of Psychology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Manninen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Discipline of Psychology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hely Kalska
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Discipline of Psychology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Mustonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Laajasalo
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Discipline of Psychology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Moilanen
- Adolescence Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti O Huttunen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Therman
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Behavioural Sciences (Discipline of Psychology), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kuramoto-Crawford SJ, Ali MM, Wilcox HC. Parent-Child Connectedness and Long-Term Risk for Suicidal Ideation in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adolescents. CRISIS 2016; 38:309-318. [PMID: 27869507 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed on the role of parent-child connectedness (PCC) on adolescents' risk for suicidal ideation from a longitudinal, developmental perspective. AIM This study examined PCC during adolescence and risk of suicidal ideation into adulthood among a nationally representative sample of American adolescents. METHOD The study includes 13,234 adolescents aged 11-18 from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) who were surveyed during adolescence (1994-1995) and then again in early adulthood (2008-2009). Multinomial logistic regression estimated the association between PCC during adolescence and having ideation during the adolescence period only, in adulthood only, and in both adolescence and adulthood as compared with those without suicidal ideation. RESULTS After adjusting for depressive symptoms and other parent and adolescent characteristics, adolescents in two-parent households who reported higher PCC during adolescence had lower relative risk of having ideation during adolescence alone and in both adolescence and adulthood. In mother-only households, higher mother connectedness was also associated with decreased risk of having adolescent ideation. CONCLUSION PCC is an important modifiable target for the prevention of suicidal ideation from adolescence into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janet Kuramoto-Crawford
- 1 Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, enter for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Division of Evaluation, Analysis and Quality, Analysis and Services Research Branch, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mir M Ali
- 1 Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, enter for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Division of Evaluation, Analysis and Quality, Analysis and Services Research Branch, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bantjes JR, Kagee A, McGowan T, Steel H. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety as predictors of suicidal ideation among South African university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:429-37. [PMID: 27089470 PMCID: PMC4959542 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1178120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the 2-week prevalence of suicidal ideations and their associations to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety among South African university students. PARTICIPANTS Data were collected from 1,337 students between May and August 2013. METHODS Hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS Rates of suicidal ideation are higher among university students in South Africa than among the general population of the country and student populations in other parts of the world. Symptoms of depression and exposure to trauma predict suicidal ideation Conclusions: Findings bring into focus the high rates of suicidal ideation among a sample of university students in South African and the need for more research to investigate the psychosocial correlates of this phenomena within the cultural context of the country, especially given the correlation between suicidal ideation and other poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Bantjes
- a Department of Psychology , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Ashraf Kagee
- a Department of Psychology , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Taryn McGowan
- a Department of Psychology , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Henry Steel
- a Department of Psychology , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Johnco C, McGuire JF, McBride NM, Murphy TK, Lewin AB, Storch EA. Suicidal ideation in youth with tic disorders. J Affect Disord 2016; 200:204-11. [PMID: 27136419 PMCID: PMC4887311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the incidence and clinical correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) in youth with tic disorders (TD). The independent contribution of tics, anxiety, depressive and externalizing symptoms on SI severity in youth with TD was assessed. METHOD Participants were 75 treatment-seeking youth with a TD (N=75) aged 6-18. Participants completed diagnostic assessments, clinician-ratings, self- and parent-report measures of emotional functioning and the presence and/or severity of suicidal ideation. RESULTS Based on youth-report, 61% of youth endorsed at least some symptoms of SI, and 8% endorsed symptoms that exceeded the clinically significant cut-off. Parents reported SI in 11% of cases, with generally poor agreement between parent- and youth-report. Suicidal ideation correlated with higher anxiety, depressive and externalizing symptoms, affective lability, and with poorer distress tolerance and overall functioning. Anxiety, depressive and externalizing symptoms showed an independent relationship with SI. Tic severity was not associated with SI. Rather, higher tic severity was associated with an increase in anxiety symptoms, which in turn, was associated with greater SI severity. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data limits causal conclusions. Diagnosis was based on unstructured assessments by expert clinicians, including consensus diagnosis, rather than structured clinical interviews. CONCLUSIONS Around 8-11% of youth with TD experienced SI. Tic severity did not have any direct influence on SI, however the presence of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly increases this risk. Results suggest that it is psychiatric comorbidity, rather than tics themselves, that predispose youth with tic disorders to increased risk of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Johnco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, USA; Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Joseph F McGuire
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Tanya K Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, USA; All Children's Hospital - Johns Hopkins Medicine, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Lewin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, USA; Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, USA; All Children's Hospital - Johns Hopkins Medicine, St Petersburg, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, USA; Rogers Behavioral Health - Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL, USA
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Adrian M, Miller AB, McCauley E, Vander Stoep A. Suicidal ideation in early to middle adolescence: sex-specific trajectories and predictors. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:645-53. [PMID: 26610726 PMCID: PMC4837032 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation (SI) and predictors of the course of SI across early to middle adolescence in a sample of 521 children utilizing a prospective longitudinal design. METHOD A baseline assessment including structured interviews and parent- and adolescent-reported measures was conducted at age 11-12 years, with follow-up assessments occurring 6, 12, 18, and 36 months later. RESULTS Group-based trajectory analyses revealed three groups of individuals, one group that remained at low ideation scores throughout the time period examined, another group with moderate ideation scores and a minority of children who had fluctuating SI. Sex differences in SI trajectories were revealed with the highest SI scores at age 12 for boys. For boys in this group, high ideation followed by a steady decline in the slope over time. SI in girls demonstrated a quadratic function increasing from age 12 to 13, and decreasing from age 14 to 15. Factors that predicted SI group membership were identified. Depression, externalizing problems, family and friend support discriminated SI trajectories for both boys and girls. History of a suicide attempt was associated with moderate- and high-declining ideation groups for boys, and moderate and high ideation group for girls. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of SI in adolescents should occur in early adolescents, particularly around the time of school transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Adrian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCauley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ann Vander Stoep
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wilchek-Aviad Y, Malka M. Religiosity, Meaning in Life and Suicidal Tendency Among Jews. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:480-494. [PMID: 25549953 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-014-9996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The study examines the impact that meaning in life, or lack thereof, has on suicidal tendencies among youth, as well as the nexus between level of religiosity, meaning in life and suicidal tendencies. Subjects were 450 students from both Jewish religious and Jewish secular schools aged 15-18. FINDINGS a significant and negative correlation was found between a sense of meaning in life and suicidal tendencies, beyond gender or level of religiosity. In addition, no difference was found in level of suicidal tendency between Jewish religious and Jewish secular youth; however, among Jewish religious teens, a lower level of depression was reported in comparison with their secular peers. The study therefore concludes that meaning in life is the dominant variable in minimizing suicidal tendencies among youth. The results of this study may promote the establishment of prevention, intervention and therapy plans, especially in the age range that is crucial for suicide. Such programs should be based upon finding meaning in life.
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Liu Y, Sareen J, Bolton JM, Wang JL. Development and validation of a risk prediction algorithm for the recurrence of suicidal ideation among general population with low mood. J Affect Disord 2016; 193:11-7. [PMID: 26766029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation is one of the strongest predictors of recent and future suicide attempt. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction algorithm for the recurrence of suicidal ideation among population with low mood METHODS 3035 participants from U.S National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions with suicidal ideation at their lowest mood at baseline were included. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule, based on the DSM-IV criteria was used. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to derive the algorithm. Discrimination and calibration were assessed in the development and validation cohorts. RESULTS In the development data, the proportion of recurrent suicidal ideation over 3 years was 19.5 (95% CI: 17.7, 21.5). The developed algorithm consisted of 6 predictors: age, feelings of emptiness, sudden mood changes, self-harm history, depressed mood in the past 4 weeks, interference with social activities in the past 4 weeks because of physical health or emotional problems and emptiness was the most important risk factor. The model had good discriminative power (C statistic=0.8273, 95% CI: 0.8027, 0.8520). The C statistic was 0.8091 (95% CI: 0.7786, 0.8395) in the external validation dataset and was 0.8193 (95% CI: 0.8001, 0.8385) in the combined dataset. LIMITATIONS This study does not apply to people with suicidal ideation who are not depressed. CONCLUSIONS The developed risk algorithm for predicting the recurrence of suicidal ideation has good discrimination and excellent calibration. Clinicians can use this algorithm to stratify the risk of recurrence in patients and thus improve personalized treatment approaches, make advice and further intensive monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6.
| | - J Sareen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, PZ430-771 Bannatyne Avenue Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 3N4
| | - J M Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, PZ430-771 Bannatyne Avenue Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 3N4
| | - J L Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4Z6
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A large and extensive body of research has examined comorbid anxiety and depression in adults. Children and adolescents also frequently present with comorbid anxiety and depression; however, research and treatment require unique environmental and neurodevelopmental considerations in children. As a result, our understanding of comorbid anxiety and depression in children and adolescents is limited. OBJECTIVE The goal of this systematic review was to examine the current literature focused on comorbid anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. The review included theoretical conceptualizations as well as diagnostic, neurobiological, prevention, and treatment considerations. In addition, a proposed algorithm for the treatment of comorbid anxiety and depression in children/adolescents is provided. METHODS This systematic literature review included 3 discrete searches in Ovid SP Medline, PsycInfo, and PubMed. RESULTS The review included and synthesized 115 articles published between 1987 and 2015. The available evidence suggests that anxiety and depression are common in clinical populations of children and adolescents, and that comorbidity is likely underestimated in children and adolescents. Children and adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression have unique presentations, greater symptom severity, and treatment resistance compared with those who have either disease in isolation. A dimensional approach may be necessary for the future development of diagnostic strategies and treatments for this population. Nascent neuroimaging work suggests that anxiety and depression each represents a distinct neurobiological phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The literature that is currently available suggests that comorbid anxiety and depression is a common presentation in children and adolescents. This diagnostic picture underscores the importance of comprehensive dimensional assessments and multimodal evidence-based approaches given the high disease severity. Future research on the neurobiology and the treatment of these common clinical conditions is warranted.
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Gilreath TD, Wrabel SL, Sullivan KS, Capp GP, Roziner I, Benbenishty R, Astor RA. Suicidality among military-connected adolescents in California schools. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:61-6. [PMID: 25791079 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that suicidal ideation is higher among military-connected youth than non military-connected youth. This study extends prior work by examining suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in military-connected and non military-connected adolescents. Data were gathered from 390,028 9th and 11th grade students who completed the 2012-2013 California Healthy Kids Survey. Bivariate comparisons and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted to examine differences in suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, and attempts requiring medical attention between military and not military-connected youth. In multivariate logistic analyses, military-connected youth were at increased risk for suicidal ideation (OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.37-1.49), making a plan to harm themselves (OR = 1.19, CI = 1.06-1.34), attempting suicide (OR = 1.67, CI = 1.43-1.95), and an attempted suicide which required medical treatment (OR = 1.71, CI = 1.34-2.16). These results indicate that military-connected youth statewide are at a higher risk for suicidal ideation, plans, attempts, and attempts requiring medical care because of suicidal behaviors. It is suggested that policies be implemented to increase awareness and screening among primary care providers, school personnel, and military organizations that serve military-connected youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamika D Gilreath
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA.
| | - Stephani L Wrabel
- Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, 3470 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-4038, USA
| | - Kathrine S Sullivan
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - Gordon P Capp
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - Ilan Roziner
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rami Benbenishty
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ron A Astor
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
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Bentley KH, Franklin JC, Ribeiro JD, Kleiman EM, Fox KR, Nock MK. Anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 43:30-46. [PMID: 26688478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are highly prevalent public health problems with devastating consequences. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding of risk factors for suicide to identify effective intervention targets. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the magnitude and clinical utility of anxiety and its disorders as risk factors for suicide ideation, attempts, and deaths. We conducted a literature search through December 2014; of the 65 articles meeting our inclusion criteria, we extracted 180 cases in which an anxiety-specific variable was used to longitudinally predict a suicide-related outcome. Results indicated that anxiety is a statistically significant, yet weak, predictor of suicide ideation (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.88) and attempts (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.47, 1.83), but not deaths (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.18). The strongest associations were observed for PTSD. Estimates were reduced after accounting for publication bias, and diagnostic accuracy analyses indicated acceptable specificity but poor sensitivity. Overall, the extant literature suggests that anxiety and its disorders, at least when these constructs are measured in isolation and as trait-like constructs, are relatively weak predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors over long follow-up periods. Implications for future research priorities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate H Bentley
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, USA.
| | | | - Jessica D Ribeiro
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA; Military Suicide Research Consortium, USA
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Lee JY, Bae SM. Intra-personal and extra-personal predictors of suicide attempts of South Korean adolescents. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034315592755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore significant variables predicting adolescent suicidal attempts. Socio-environmental variables such as gender, school record, school grade, school adaptation, and family intimacy together with intra-individual variables including depression, anxiety, delinquency, stress, and self-esteem were considered as candidates. Data from 1481 adolescents were collected from Korea National Youth Policy Institute. For statistical analyses, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed. Results of hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school grade, depression, delinquent, stress, and family intimacy were significant predictors of suicidal attempts of adolescents. Among those, the most powerful predictor was depression, and the second was delinquency. Classification accuracy by the model of our study was 87.6%. Implications and limitations of present study and suggestions for future study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Man Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Yen S, Kuehn K, Tezanos K, Weinstock LM, Solomon J, Spirito A. Perceived family and peer invalidation as predictors of adolescent suicidal behaviors and self-mutilation. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2015; 25:124-30. [PMID: 25264807 PMCID: PMC4367518 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2013.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the longitudinal relationship between perceived family and peer invalidation and adolescent suicidal events (SE) and self-mutilation (SM) in a 6 month follow-up (f/u) study of adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for suicide risk. METHODS Adolescents (n=119) and their parent(s) were administered interviews and self-report assessments at baseline and at a 6 month f/u, with 99 (83%) completing both assessments. The Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation (A-LIFE) was modified to provide weekly ratings (baseline and each week of f/u) for perceived family and peer invalidation. Regression analyses examined whether: 1) Prospectively rated perceived family and peer invalidation at baseline predicted SE and SM during f/u; and 2) chronicity of perceived invalidation operationalized as proportion of weeks at moderate to high invalidation during f/u was associated with SE and SM during f/u. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses, controlling for previously identified covariates, revealed that perceived family invalidation predicted SE over f/u for boys only and perceived peer invalidation predicted SM over f/u in the overall sample. This was the case for both baseline and f/u ratings of perceived invalidation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the adverse impact of perceived family and peer invalidation. Specifically, boys who experienced high perceived family invalidation were more likely to have an SE over f/u. Both boys and girls who experienced high perceived peer invalidation were more likely to engage in SM over f/u.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Yen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kevin Kuehn
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Katherine Tezanos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lauren M. Weinstock
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Joel Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Brown MJ, Cohen SA, Mezuk B. Duration of U.S. residence and suicidality among racial/ethnic minority immigrants. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:257-67. [PMID: 25108531 PMCID: PMC4469644 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immigration experience embodies a range of factors including different cultural norms and expectations, which may be particularly important for groups who become racial/ethnic minorities when they migrate to the U.S. However, little is known about the correlates of mental health indicators among these groups. The primary and secondary aims were to determine the association between duration of U.S. residence and suicidality, and 12-month mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, respectively, among racial/ethnic minority immigrants. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Survey of American Life and the National Latino and Asian American Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between duration of US residence, and suicidality and 12-month psychopathology. RESULTS Among Afro-Caribbeans, there was a modest positive association between duration of U.S. residence and 12-month psychopathology (P linear trend = 0.016). Among Asians there was a modest positive association between duration of US residence and suicidal ideation and attempts (P linear trend = 0.018, 0.063, respectively). Among Latinos, there was a positive association between duration of US residence, and suicidal ideation, attempts and 12-month psychopathology (P linear trend = 0.001, 0.012, 0.002, respectively). Latinos who had been in the U.S. for >20 years had 2.6 times greater likelihood of suicidal ideation relative to those who had been in the U.S. for <5 years (95% CI 1.01-6.78). CONCLUSIONS The association between duration of US residence and suicidality and psychopathology varies across racial/ethnic minority groups. The results for Latino immigrants are broadly consistent with the goal-striving or acculturation stress hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J. Brown
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. 830 East Main Street, 8th Floor, Richmond 23219, VA, USA
| | - Steven A. Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA. Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Rhodes AE, Boyle MH, Bridge JA, Sinyor M, Links PS, Tonmyr L, Skinner R, Bethell JM, Carlisle C, Goodday S, Hottes TS, Newton A, Bennett K, Sundar P, Cheung AH, Szatmari P. Antecedents and sex/gender differences in youth suicidal behavior. World J Psychiatry 2014; 4:120-32. [PMID: 25540727 PMCID: PMC4274584 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v4.i4.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suicide attempts. We review this "gender paradox" in youth, and in particular, the age-dependency of these sex/gender differences and the developmental mechanisms that may explain them. Epidemiologic, genetic, neurodevelopmental and psychopathological research have identified suicidal behaviour risks arising from genetic vulnerabilities and sex/gender differences in early adverse environments, neurodevelopment, mental disorder and their complex interconnections. Further, evolving sex-/gender-defined social expectations and norms have been thought to influence suicide risk. In particular, how youth perceive and cope with threats and losses (including conforming to others' or one's own expectations of sex/gender identity) and adapt to pain (through substance use and help-seeking behaviours). Taken together, considering brain plasticity over the lifespan, these proposed antecedents to youth suicide highlight the importance of interventions that alter early environment(s) (e.g., childhood maltreatment) and/or one's ability to adapt to them. Further, such interventions may have more enduring protective effects, for the individual and for future generations, if implemented in youth.
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Storch EA, Sulkowski ML, Nadeau J, Lewin AB, Arnold EB, Mutch PJ, Jones AM, Murphy TK. The phenomenology and clinical correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 43:2450-9. [PMID: 23446993 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the phenomenology and clinical correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth with ASD (N = 102; range 7-16 years). The presence of suicidal thoughts and behavior was assessed through the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Child and Parent Versions. Children and parents completed measures of anxiety severity, functional impairment, and behavioral and emotional problems. Approximately 11 % of youth displayed suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Children with autism were more likely to have suicidal thoughts and behaviors whereas children with Asperger's disorder were less likely. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors were associated with the presence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Overall, results suggest that suicidal thoughts and behaviors are common in youth with ASD, and may be related to depression and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, 4th Floor Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA,
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Psychiatric and psycho-social characteristics of suicide completers: a comprehensive evaluation of psychiatric case records and postmortem findings. Ir J Psychol Med 2014; 32:167-176. [DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo explore the demographic, psychosocial and clinical characteristics of individuals known to the mental health services, who died by probable suicide in the West of Ireland.MethodsPostmortem reports between January 2006 and May 2012 detailed 153 individuals who died by probable suicide, 58 of whom attended the mental health services. Relevant socio-demographic and clinical data was extracted from individuals’ lifetime case notes.ResultsRecurrent depressive disorder (44%) was the most common diagnosis and hanging the most common method of death (58%). Of individuals who died by hanging, 79% previously attempted suicide by the same method. For individuals with a documented history of depression, only 32% had antidepressants detected in their toxicology reports. Similarly, only one individual (20%) with schizophrenia had antipsychotics detected in their toxicology report.ConclusionsIndividuals who died by probable suicide, most commonly died by hanging and drowning; with previous attempts of hanging particularly prevalent in the group who subsequently died by hanging. At the time of death, less than one-third of individuals according to toxicology reports were taking the medication that was last prescribed to them by the mental health services suggesting a high rate of treatment non-concordance in individuals who died by probable suicide.
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Carballo JJ, García-Nieto R, Harkavy-Friedman J, de Leon-Martinez V, Baca-García E. Aggressiveness across development and suicidal behavior in depressed patients. Arch Suicide Res 2014; 18:39-49. [PMID: 24579919 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2013.801808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine differences in the pathway of aggressiveness across development between depressive subjects and normal controls, and to examine males and females separately with regard to level of aggression and suicidal behavior among depressed subjects. Participants were classified into 5 groups: depressed suicide attempters (DSA; n = 339), depressed non-suicide attempters (DNSA; n = 92), psychiatric controls who had attempted suicide (PSA; n = 188), psychiatric controls who had not attempted suicide (PNSA; n = 222), and normal controls (NC; n = 532). The level of aggressiveness across development in the different groups was examined using a 5 (DSA vs. DNSA vs. PSA vs. PNSA vs. NC)×3 (Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood) MANCOVA. Adjusted and separate models for males and females were conducted. Depressed subjects differed in severity of aggressiveness. The level of aggressiveness in individuals in the NC group remained stable across development, while subjects in the DSA and DNSA groups showed significantly higher levels of aggressiveness. This finding was also observed in subjects of the PSA and PNSA groups. The level of aggressiveness in males with depression significantly increased over time. In women, increasing levels of aggressiveness across development were only observed in depressed suicide attempters. Limitations of this study included use of semi-structured interview for the assessment of risk factors. We found significant differences in severity and in the pathway of aggressiveness across development between depressive subjects and normal controls. In addition, sex differences regarding level of aggression and suicidal behavior among depressed subjects were found.
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Petersen T, Elklit A. Risk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2013. [DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2014-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives:
Suicide is still one of the leading causes of youth mortality, and amongst others previous suicide attempts have been found to be one of the strongest risk factors for suicide. The objective of this study is to examine risk factors of suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. It is expected that anxious attachment, high scores on negative affectivity and low scores on past and present social support were correlated to an increased risk of life-time suicide attempts in both female and male adolescents.
Method:
Analyses were conducted based on data from The Faroese Adolescent Trauma Study, a self-report questionnaire survey including a total population of Faroese eighth graders (N = 687; 85 % response rate, mean age 14.2 years, SD = 2.1). The questionnaire included The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), The Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), and The Crisis Support Scale (CSS).
Results:
In the total population 9.9 % (N = 68) of the participants reported life-time suicide attempt; of those 28 % were boys and 72 % were girls. In line with the expectations, the initial comparison showed that adolescents reporting life-time suicide attempt had significantly higher scores on attachment anxiety and negative affectivity, and had significantly lower scores on attachment closeness, and both past and present social support. Further analyses stratified on gender, however, revealed unexpected results, as a high score on negative affectivity only was a significant risk factor for life-time suicide attempt among the girls, and high score on attachment closeness only was a significant protective factor of life-time suicide attempt among the boys.
Conclusions:
This study provides important data about the role of attachment, negative affectivity, and social support in suicide attempts in a total population of Faroese adolescents. Moreover the results show the necessity of taking gender into account in research of risk and protective factors of suicide attempts, and when establishing arrangements to prevent and treat suicide attempts in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tóra Petersen
- 1 National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
- The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands , Torshavn , Faroe Islands
| | - Ask Elklit
- 1 National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
- University of Ulster , Coleraine , Northern Ireland
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Wong SS, Zhou B, Goebert D, Hishinuma ES. The risk of adolescent suicide across patterns of drug use: a nationally representative study of high school students in the United States from 1999 to 2009. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1611-20. [PMID: 23744443 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance use is associated with suicidal ideation, planning and attempts among adolescents, but it is unclear how this association varies across different types and number of substances. This study examined the association between patterns of substance use and suicidality among a nationally representative sample of high school students in the United States during the last decade. METHOD Data from the 2001 to 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey including 73,183 high school students were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses examined the association between lifetime use of ten common substances of abuse (alcohol, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, marijuana, methamphetamines, steroids, and tobacco) and four measures of suicidality over the last year (suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and severe suicide attempt requiring medical attention), controlling for potential confounders (socio-demographic variables, interpersonal violence, sexual intercourse, and symptoms of depression and eating disorder). RESULTS Among the ten substances, univariate analysis demonstrates that adolescents reporting a history of heroin use have the strongest association with suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempts and severe suicide attempts in the last year (odds ratio = 5.0, 5.9, 12.0, and 23.6 compared to non-users), followed by users of methamphetamines (OR = 4.3-13.1) and steroids (OR = 3.7-11.8). Cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens and inhalants had a moderate association with suicidality (OR = 3.1-10.8). Users of marijuana, alcohol and tobacco also had an increased odds ratio of suicidality (OR = 1.9-5.2). The association between each of ten substances and the four measures of suicidality remained significant with multivariate analysis controlling for multiple confounders (p < 0.05), except for the association between alcohol use and severe suicide attempts. The seven illicit substances had a stronger association with severe suicide attempts as compared to all other confounding risk factors except depression. The number of substances used had a graded relationship to suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Substance abuse is a strong risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among American high school students, with the strength of this relationship dramatically increasing with particular illicit drugs and a higher number of substances. The findings reinforce the importance of routine screening for substance abuse in the assessment of adolescent suicide risk.
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Boeninger DK, Masyn KE, Conger RD. Testing Alternative Explanations for the Associations Between Parenting and Adolescent Suicidal Problems. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2013; 23:10.1111/jora.12015. [PMID: 24244079 PMCID: PMC3828038 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have established associations between parenting characteristics and adolescent suicidality, the strength of the evidence for these links remains unclear, largely because of methodological limitations, including lack of accounting for possible child effects on parenting. This study addresses these issues by using autoregressive cross-lag models with data on 802 adolescents and their parents across 5 years. Observed parenting behaviors predicted change in adolescent suicidal problems across one-year intervals even after controlling for adolescents' effects on parenting. Nurturant-involved parenting continued to demonstrate salutary effects after controlling for adolescent and parent internalizing psychopathology: over time, observed nurturant-involved parenting reduced the likelihood of adolescent suicidal problems. This study increases the empirical support implicating parenting behaviors in the developmental course of adolescent suicidality.
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