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Subías-Perié J, Navarrete-Villanueva D, Fernández-García ÁI, Moradell A, Lozano-Berges G, Gesteiro E, Pérez-Gómez J, Ara I, Gómez-Cabello A, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Casajús JA. Effects of a multicomponent training followed by a detraining period on metabolic syndrome profile of older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 186:112363. [PMID: 38244708 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The present study sought to analyze the effects of 6-month multicomponent training (MCT) combined with a 4-month detraining on metabolic syndrome (MetS) profile among older adults with decreased functional capacity. METHODS This quasi-experimental study included a total of 104 older adults (80.5 ± 6.0 years) and the sample was divided into a training (TRAIN, n = 55) or control group (CON). Harmonized definition was used to diagnose the MetS. Functional capacity, blood biochemical parameters, blood pressure, body composition and anthropometric measurements were assessed 3 times. Analysis of variance for repeated measures and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to check the differences within groups. RESULTS TRAIN decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and total fat mass during training period, whereas CON did not show any significant changes. During detraining, TRAIN increased HDLC, systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC) and total fat mass; and decreased glucose and fat free mass, whereas CON increased the concentration of glucose and HDLC. From baseline to post-detraining assessment, CON increased the concentration of triglycerides and the WC, while TRAIN only increased the WC (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exercise can be a key component in the treatment of the MetS, since MCT seems to be effective to decrease DBP and total fat mass. Nevertheless, 4-months of detraining could cause a drop of total fat mass, but no in DBP. To avoid reversibility of the benefits obtained, it could be beneficial to promote continuing exercise programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03831841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Subías-Perié
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - David Navarrete-Villanueva
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ángel Iván Fernández-García
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Ana Moradell
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Lozano-Berges
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; ImFine Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; HEME (Health, Economy, Motricity and Education) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; GENUD-Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Gómez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Berglund I, Vesterbekkmo EK, Retterstøl K, Anderssen SA, Fiatarone Singh MA, Helge JW, Lydersen S, Wisløff U, Stensvold D. The Long-term Effect of Different Exercise Intensities on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Older Men and Women Using the Per Protocol Approach: The Generation 100 Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 5:859-871. [PMID: 34585083 PMCID: PMC8452785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether 5 years of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration more than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and control (CON) in older men and women. METHODS A total of 1567 older adults (790 [50.4%] women) were randomized (2:1:1) to either CON (n=780; asked to follow the national recommendations for physical activity) or 2 weekly sessions of HIIT (10-minute warm-up followed by 4×4-minute intervals at ∼90% of peak heart rate) or MICT (50 minutes of continuous work at ∼70% of peak heart rate). Serum HDL-C concentration was measured by standard procedures at baseline and at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years. The study took place between August 21, 2012, and June 31, 2018. Linear mixed models were used to determine between-group differences during 5 years using the per protocol approach. RESULTS Men in HIIT had a smaller reduction in HDL-C (-1.2%) than men in CON (-6.9%) and MICT (-7.8%) after 5 years (P=.01 and P=.03 for CON vs HIIT and MICT vs HIIT, respectively). No effect of exercise intensity on HDL-C was seen in women. Changes in peak oxygen uptake were associated with changes in HDL-C in both men and women, whereas changes in body weight and fat mass were not. CONCLUSION In men, HIIT seems to be the best strategy to prevent a decline in HDL-C during a 5-year period. No effect of exercise intensity was seen for older women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01666340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Berglund
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Kleivhaug Vesterbekkmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Maria A. Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA
| | - Jørn W. Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Davis CL, Litwin SE, Pollock NK, Waller JL, Zhu H, Dong Y, Kapuku G, Bhagatwala J, Harris RA, Looney J, Williams CF, Armento A, Schmidt MD, Bassali R. Exercise effects on arterial stiffness and heart health in children with excess weight: The SMART RCT. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1152-1163. [PMID: 31754238 PMCID: PMC7192762 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity and inactivity are associated with cardiovascular risk. Evidence is limited for exercise effects on arterial health in children. METHODS One hundred and seventy-five inactive children with overweight or obesity (8-11 years, ≥85th percentile BMI, 61% female, 87% Black, 73% with obesity) were randomized to an 8-month daily after-school aerobic exercise program (40 min/day, n = 90) or a sedentary control condition (n = 85). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV, primary outcome, arterial stiffness), fitness, adiposity, blood pressure (BP), glucose, insulin resistance, lipids, and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and posttest (8 months). Adiposity, fitness, and BP were measured again at follow-up, 8-12 months later. Intent-to-treat analyses were conducted using mixed models. RESULTS The study had 89% retention, with attendance of 59% in exercise and 64% in the control condition, and vigorous exercise participation (average heart rate 161 ± 7 beats/min). Compared with controls, the exercise group had twice the improvement in fitness (VȮ2 peak, 2.7 (95% CI 1.8, 3.6) vs. 1.3 (0.4, 2.3) mL/kg/min) and adiposity (-1.8 (-2.4, -1.1) vs. -0.8 (-1.5, -0.1)%), each p = 0.04, and a large improvement in HDL-cholesterol (0.13 (0.075, 0.186) vs. -0.028 (-0.083, 0.023) mmol/L, p < 0.0001). There was no group × time effect on other outcomes at 8 months, or on any outcomes at follow-up. The change in PWV at 8 months correlated with changes in insulin and insulin resistance (both r = 0.32), diastolic BP (r = 0.24), BMI (r = 0.22), and adiposity (r = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Eight months of aerobic exercise training improved fitness, adiposity, and HDL-cholesterol levels, but did not reduce arterial stiffness in children with excess weight. PWV improved as a function of insulin resistance, BP, BMI, and adiposity. Weight loss may be required to improve arterial stiffness. Exercise benefits waned after discontinuing the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Davis
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Medicine, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Sheldon E Litwin
- Cardiology, Medicine, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Norman K Pollock
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Medicine, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Waller
- Population Health Sciences, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Medicine, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Medicine, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Medicine, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jigar Bhagatwala
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Medicine, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Celestine F Williams
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Aubrey Armento
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia (MCG), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Reda Bassali
- Pediatrics, MCG, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Ibañez I, Otero M, Gil SM. Cardiovascular benefits independent of body mass loss in overweight individuals after exercise program. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Rubin DA, Duran AT, Haqq AM, Gertz ER, Dumont-Driscoll M. Changes in cardiometabolic markers in children with Prader-Willi syndrome and nonsyndromic obesity following participation in a home-based physical activity intervention. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:734-743. [PMID: 30280511 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with improved cardiometabolic markers in children with nonsyndromic obesity (NSO). Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by obesity. OBJECTIVE To compare cardiometabolic changes in response to a home-based parent-facilitated physical activity intervention between children with PWS or with NSO. METHODS Participants included 18 children with PWS (age = 10.5 ± 0.7y; body fat = 44.6 ± 2.0%) and 30 children with NSO (age = 9.7 ± 0.2y; body fat = 44.8 ± 1.2%). Active Play @ Home was a 24-week physical activity intervention curriculum containing playground-based and active video games completed 4 days per week. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included physical activity, body composition, blood samples analysed for glucose, insulin, lipids and cytokines, and insulin resistance computed using the homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS All children (n = 48) showed a significant decrease in Interleukin-8 (3.64 ± 0.24 vs. 3.06 ± 0.22 pg/mL). Children with obesity who did not gain or who lost body fat percentage (n = 18) demonstrated a significant decrease in HOMA-IR (3.17 ± 0.39 vs. 2.72 ± 0.34) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (44.30 ± 2.51 vs. 47.29 ± 2.59 mg/dL). All other measurements showed no significant changes. CONCLUSIONS The most favourable changes in cardiometabolic factors were observed in children with nonsyndromic obesity who demonstrated no gain or a decrease in body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - A T Duran
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - A M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - E R Gertz
- Obesity and Metabolism Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Dumont-Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Whipple MO, Schorr EN, Talley KMC, Lindquist R, Bronas UG, Treat-Jacobson D. Variability in Individual Response to Aerobic Exercise Interventions Among Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:655-670. [PMID: 28952853 PMCID: PMC5871585 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although a plethora of evidence supports the benefits of exercise among older adults, a majority of studies have emphasized group differences, while giving little, if any, attention to individual differences. Given the lack of data on variability in response, the present review examined how nonresponse to aerobic exercise has been defined in older adult populations and characteristics associated with nonresponse among older adults. The results of this review suggest that interindividual variability in response of maximal oxygen consumption to aerobic exercise interventions is prevalent among older adults (1.4-63.4%); age, sex, race, and body mass index may not be critical determinants of nonresponse; whereas health status, baseline fitness, and exercise dose appear important. Future intervention studies should evaluate and report the variability in individual response of older adults to exercise; investigators should develop programs that allow for modification of components to assist older adults in achieving optimal benefit from exercise programs.
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Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Shahr Babaki AE, Djalalinia S, Ataei-Jafari A, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Arefirad T, Rezaei F, Asayesh H, Kelishadi R. Joint Association of Screen Time and Physical Activity with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a National Sample of Iranian Adolescents: The CASPIANIII Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154502. [PMID: 27167372 PMCID: PMC4864273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its contributing factors are considered important health problems in the pediatric age group. This study was designed to assess the joint association of ST and PA with cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adolescents. A representative sample of 5625 (50.2% boys) school students with a mean age of 14.73 (SD: 2.41) were selected through multistage random cluster sampling method from urban and rural areas of 27 provinces in Iran. ST and PA were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires. Anthropometric measures (height, weight and waist circumference (WC)) and MetS components (abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triglycerides (TG) and high fasting blood sugar (FBG)) were measured according to standardized protocols. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. Moreover, elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and generalized obesity were considered as other cardiometabolic risk factors. Students with high ST levels had significantly higher body mass index z-score (BMI z-score), WC, TG, LDL-C, and BP as well as lower HDL-C level; whereas those with high PA levels had significantly higher HDL-C levels as well as lower BMI z-score, TC, and BP. Adolescents with low PA/ high ST levels had significantly higher BMI, WC, LDL-C levels, as well as higher SBP and DBP compared to their other counterparts. In Multivariate model, joint effect of low PA/ high ST (compared to the high PA/low ST group) increased the odds of overweight, abdominal obesity and low HDL-C and decreased the odds of elevated TC. The findings of this study showed that joint association of high ST and low PA have direct association with abdominal obesity, overweight and low HDL-C and indirect association with elevated TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MQ); (RK)
| | - Amir Eslami Shahr Babaki
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Ataei-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Arefirad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail: (MQ); (RK)
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Workalemahu T, Gelaye B, Berhane Y, Williams MA. Physical activity and metabolic syndrome among Ethiopian adults. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:535-40. [PMID: 23422933 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is on the rise, with the majority of the growth occurring among populations in developing countries. Few studies have quantified the health benefits for physical activity among sub-Saharan African adults. We examined associations of physical activity with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Ethiopian men and women. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 1,843 individuals (1,117 men and 726 women) was conducted among working adults (public schools and bank employees) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was conducted in accordance with the STEPwise approach of the World Health Organization. Physical activity was assessed using a previously validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The odds of MetS was inversely associated with physical activity in men (P trend = 0.02) but not women (P trend = 0.85). Among men, the OR of MetS comparing those with high vs. low levels of physical activity was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.33-0.97). For women, the corresponding OR was 1.07 (95% CI = 0.57-2.01). Physical activity was significantly and inversely associated with high waist circumference and hypertriglyceridemia among men, but no such associations were observed among women. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of physical activity were inversely associated with MetS and several individual components among men. No similar trends were observed among women in this cohort, in part because of the small sample size.
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Bertrais S, Beyeme-Ondoua JP, Czernichow S, Galan P, Hercberg S, Oppert JM. Sedentary Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged French Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:936-44. [PMID: 15919848 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationships of time spent in sedentary occupations with the National Cholesterol Education Program-defined metabolic syndrome (MS), taking into account the habitual level of physical activity (PA). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES This was a cross-sectional analysis in 1902 men and 1932 women 50 to 69 years of age participating in the French Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals study. We assessed past-year PA, television watching or computer use, and reading during leisure with the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. Subjects who performed at least 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity PA (3 to 6 metabolic equivalent tasks) or 60 min/wk of vigorous PA (>6 metabolic equivalent tasks) were considered as meeting recommended levels. RESULTS The frequency of most MS components increased with time spent in front of a screen and decreased with increasing PA levels. The likelihood to have MS, adjusted for age, education, and smoking, was decreased by one-third in subjects meeting moderate PA guidelines and by two-thirds in subjects meeting vigorous PA recommendations [odds ratio (95% CI), 0.34 (0.17 to 0.66) in women, 0.44 (0.28 to 0.68) in men] compared with those with insufficient PA. Independently of PA levels, time spent in front of a screen was positively associated with the likelihood to have the MS in women [odds ratio (95% CI), 3.30 (2.04 to 5.34)], whereas in both sexes, no association was found with time spent reading. DISCUSSION The relationship of the MS with a sedentary lifestyle differs according to sex and type of sedentary occupation. These results suggest the need to assess selected indicators of sedentary behavior in preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bertrais
- UMR INSERM U557/INRA U1125/CNAM EA 3200-MR, 5 rue du Vertbois, F-75003 Paris, France.
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Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:1334-59. [PMID: 21694556 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5418] [Impact Index Per Article: 416.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this Position Stand is to provide guidance to professionals who counsel and prescribe individualized exercise to apparently healthy adults of all ages. These recommendations also may apply to adults with certain chronic diseases or disabilities, when appropriately evaluated and advised by a health professional. This document supersedes the 1998 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Position Stand, "The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults." The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. A program of regular exercise that includes cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training beyond activities of daily living to improve and maintain physical fitness and health is essential for most adults. The ACSM recommends that most adults engage in moderate-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for ≥30 min·d on ≥5 d·wk for a total of ≥150 min·wk, vigorous-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for ≥20 min·d on ≥3 d·wk (≥75 min·wk), or a combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise to achieve a total energy expenditure of ≥500-1000 MET·min·wk. On 2-3 d·wk, adults should also perform resistance exercises for each of the major muscle groups, and neuromotor exercise involving balance, agility, and coordination. Crucial to maintaining joint range of movement, completing a series of flexibility exercises for each the major muscle-tendon groups (a total of 60 s per exercise) on ≥2 d·wk is recommended. The exercise program should be modified according to an individual's habitual physical activity, physical function, health status, exercise responses, and stated goals. Adults who are unable or unwilling to meet the exercise targets outlined here still can benefit from engaging in amounts of exercise less than recommended. In addition to exercising regularly, there are health benefits in concurrently reducing total time engaged in sedentary pursuits and also by interspersing frequent, short bouts of standing and physical activity between periods of sedentary activity, even in physically active adults. Behaviorally based exercise interventions, the use of behavior change strategies, supervision by an experienced fitness instructor, and exercise that is pleasant and enjoyable can improve adoption and adherence to prescribed exercise programs. Educating adults about and screening for signs and symptoms of CHD and gradual progression of exercise intensity and volume may reduce the risks of exercise. Consultations with a medical professional and diagnostic exercise testing for CHD are useful when clinically indicated but are not recommended for universal screening to enhance the safety of exercise.
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Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP. Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: '10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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James D, Mills H, Crone D, Johnston LH, Morris C, Gidlow CJ. Factors associated with physical activity referral completion and health outcomes. J Sports Sci 2009; 27:1007-17. [PMID: 19847684 DOI: 10.1080/02640410903214248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Participant socio-demographic characteristics and referral reason were investigated in relation to completion and health outcomes in a Primary Care Physical Activity Referral Scheme using a prospective population-based longitudinal design. Participants (n = 1735) were recruited over a 2-year period. A three-stage binary logistic regression analysis identified the factors associated with the outcomes of completion (model 1), body mass reduction (model 2) and blood pressure reduction (model 3). Participant's age, gender, ethnicity, occupation and referral reason were the independent variables for model 1, with the variables of completion added in model 2 and completion and body mass reduction added in model 3. Logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing age is associated with the likelihood of completion (Odds Ratio, OR = 1.019; Confidence Interval, CI = 1.008-1.030; P = 0.001). Participants with a pulmonary condition are less likely to complete (OR = 0.546; CI = 0.346-0.860; P < 0.01) compared to those referred for cardiovascular conditions. For ethnicity, in comparison to the white category, patients in the mixed category are significantly more likely to achieve a reduction in body mass (OR = 3.991; CI = 1.191-13.373; P < 0.05). Those who complete are more likely to achieve a reduction in body mass (OR = 3.541; CI = 2.721-4.608; P < 0.001). When compared to the unemployed category, the skilled manual category had an increased likelihood of achieving a reduction in blood pressure (OR = 1.875; CI = 1.044-3.227; P < 0.05). Participants who completed also demonstrated an increased likelihood of a reduction in blood pressure (OR = 1.680; CI = 1.250-2.003; P < 0.001). Furthermore, those participants who achieved a reduction in body mass had an increased likelihood of achieving a reduction in blood pressure (OR = 1.292; CI = 1.008-1.641; P < 0.05). Completion is associated with health outcomes of reduced body mass and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David James
- Faculty of Sport, Health & Social Care, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom.
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Manfredini F, Malagoni AM, Mandini S, Boari B, Felisatti M, Zamboni P, Manfredini R. Sport therapy for hypertension: why, how, and how much? Angiology 2008; 60:207-16. [PMID: 18796453 DOI: 10.1177/0003319708316012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise may prevent or reduce the effects of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension. Both acute and chronic exercise, alone or combined with lifestyle modifications, decrease blood pressure and avoid or reduce the need for pharmacologic therapy in patients with hypertension. The hypotensive effect of exercise is observed in a large percentage of subjects, with differences due to age, sex, race, health conditions, parental history, and genetic factors. Exercise regulates autonomic nervous system activity, increases shear stress, improves nitric oxide production in endothelial cells and its bioavailability for vascular smooth muscle, up-regulates antioxidant enzymes. Endurance training is primarily effective, and resistance training can be combined with it. Low-to-moderate intensity training in sedentary patients with hypertension is necessary, and tailored programs make exercise safe and effective also in special populations. Supervised or home-based exercise programs allow a nonpharmacological reduction of hypertension and reduce risk factors, with possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- Vascular Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, S. Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
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Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE. Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007; 32:76-88. [PMID: 17332786 DOI: 10.1139/h06-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Randomised controlled trials have shown that exercise training has a mild or moderate favourable effect on many metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors that constitute or are related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Epidemiological studies suggest that regular physical activity prevents type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality in large part through these risk factors. Although randomized controlled trials with the prevention or treatment of the MetS as the main outcome have not been published, several large randomized controlled trials provide strong evidence that favourable lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, are effective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in individuals who are overweight and have impaired glucose tolerance. Compliance with the current recommendations to increase the total volume of moderate-intensity physical activity and to maintain good cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness appears to markedly decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially in high-risk groups. Walking is the most common form of physical activity--it improves health in many ways and is generally safe. Therefore, brisk walking for at least 30 min daily can be recommended as the principal form of physical activity at the population level. If there are no contraindications, more vigorous physical exercise or resistance training should also be considered to obtain additional health benefits. Unstructured and low-intensity physical activity may also decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially when substituted for sedentary behaviours such as watching television. The measurement of maximal oxygen consumption may provide an efficient means to target even individuals with relatively few metabolic risk factors who may benefit from more intensive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Healy GN, Shaw JE, Jolley D, Zimmet PZ, Owen N. Association of television viewing with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose levels in adults without diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:516-22. [PMID: 17327314 DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of television viewing time with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (2-h PG) levels in Australian adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 8,357 adults aged > 35 years who were free from diagnosed diabetes and who attended a population-based cross-sectional study (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study [AusDiab]) were evaluated. Measures of FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported television viewing time (in the previous week) was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and beta-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders and physical activity time, time spent watching television in women was positively associated with 2-h PG, log fasting insulin, and log HOMA-%B and inversely associated with log HOMA-%S (P < 0.05) but not with FPG. No significant associations were observed with glycemic measures in men. The beta-coefficients across categories of average hours spent watching television per day (< 1.0, 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9, and > or = 4.0) for 2-h PG in women were 0 (reference), 0.009, 0.047, 0.473, and 0.501, respectively (P for trend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the unique deleterious relationship of sedentary behavior (indicated by television viewing time) and glycemic measures independent of physical activity time and adiposity status. These relationships differed according to sex and type of glucose measurement, with the 2-h PG measure being more strongly associated with television viewing. The findings suggest an important role for reducing sedentary behavior in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, especially in women.
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Villaverde-Gutiérrez C, Araújo E, Cruz F, Roa JM, Barbosa W, Ruíz-Villaverde G. Quality of life of rural menopausal women in response to a customized exercise programme. J Adv Nurs 2006; 54:11-9. [PMID: 16553686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper reports a study examining the effects of physical exercise on the quality of life of menopausal women. BACKGROUND People who perform no type of physical activity have poorer physical and mental health. Despite the well-documented benefits of exercise, ageing women remain largely sedentary, and interventions designed to help them to maintain exercise programmes may prove particularly valuable. Measures should focus on increasing women's confidence so that they can overcome barriers to exercise. Conflicting results have been reported in intervention studies to promote exercise in postmenopausal women. METHODS Forty-eight menopausal women aged 55-72 years were recruited at a primary care centre as voluntary participants in a quasi-experimental study. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control (n = 24) and experimental (n = 24). The experimental group participated in a 12-month programme of cardiorespiratory, stretching, muscle-strengthening and relaxation exercises carried out during two fully supervised exercise sessions per week (total of 3 hours weekly). Health-related quality of life was assessed by using the Quality of Life Profile for Chronically Ill Patients, a generic questionnaire widely used in epidemiological and clinical studies to measure well-being and function, incorporating as an optional module the Kupperman Index of Menopausal Symptomatology. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in the health-related quality of life of the experimental group, whereas the health-related quality of life of the control group significantly worsened. Menopausal symptoms also significantly improved in the experimental group and significantly worsened in the control group over the 12-month study period. CONCLUSIONS A customized exercise programme is valuable for improving the health-related quality of life of menopausal women.
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Borodulin K, Laatikainen T, Lahti-Koski M, Lakka TA, Laukkanen R, Sarna S, Jousilahti P. Associations between estimated aerobic fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with different levels of abdominal obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:126-31. [PMID: 15785297 DOI: 10.1097/00149831-200504000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between estimated aerobic fitness and cardiovascular risk factors, and how the association is affected by abdominal obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional population study. METHODS Participants comprised 3820 adults aged 25 to 64 years from the FINRISK 2002 Study in Finland. Aerobic fitness was estimated using a non-exercise test. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, HDL-C to total cholesterol ratio, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were measured by standardized methods. RESULTS After controlling for age, smoking and alcohol consumption, aerobic fitness was inversely associated with systolic (P=0.027) and diastolic (P<0.001) blood pressure, total cholesterol (P=0.009), triglycerides (P=0.001), and GGT (P<0.001), and directly associated with HDL-C (P<0.001) and HDL-C to total cholesterol ratio (P<0.001) in men. In women, inverse associations were found for diastolic blood pressure (P=0.027) and triglycerides (P<0.001), and direct association for HDL-C (P<0.001) and HDL-C to total cholesterol ratio (P<0.001). Waist-to-hip ratio was independently associated with a better risk factor profile in both sexes. Interactions were found between fitness and WHR in relation to total cholesterol (P=0.001), HDL-C to total cholesterol ratio (P=0.005), triglycerides (P=0.001), and systolic (P=0.009) and diastolic (P<0.001) blood pressure among men only. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that good estimated aerobic fitness is associated with a better cardiovascular risk factor profile, regardless of the level of abdominal obesity in Finnish men and women. Men in the highest WHR third seem to have more benefit of aerobic fitness on their cardiovascular risk levels than men with lower WHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Borodulin
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and overweight are major public health, clinical, and economical problems in modern societies. The worldwide epidemic of excess weight is due to imbalance between physical activity and dietary energy intake. Sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and consequent overweight and obesity markedly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regular physical activity 45-60 min per day prevents unhealthy weight gain and obesity, whereas sedentary behaviors such as watching television promote them. Regular exercise can markedly reduce body weight and fat mass without dietary caloric restriction in overweight individuals. An increase in total energy expenditure appears to be the most important determinant of successful exercise-induced weight loss. The best long-term results may be achieved when physical activity produces an energy expenditure of at least 2,500 kcal/week. Yet, the optimal approach in weight reduction programs appears to be a combination of regular physical activity and caloric restriction. A minimum of 60 min, but most likely 80-90 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per day may be needed to avoid or limit weight regain in formerly overweight or obese individuals. Regular moderate intensity physical activity, a healthy diet, and avoiding unhealthy weight gain are effective and safe ways to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases and to reduce premature mortality in all population groups. Although the efforts to promote cardiovascular health concern the whole population, particular attention should be paid to individuals who are physically inactive, have unhealthy diets or are prone to weight gain. They have the highest risk for worsening of the cardiovascular risk factor profile and for cardiovascular disease. To combat the epidemic of overweight and to improve cardiovascular health at a population level, it is important to develop strategies to increase habitual physical activity and to prevent overweight and obesity in collaboration with communities, families, schools, work sites, health care professionals, media and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Lakka
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA
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Varady KA, Ebine N, Vanstone CA, Parsons WE, Jones PJH. Plant sterols and endurance training combine to favorably alter plasma lipid profiles in previously sedentary hypercholesterolemic adults after 8 wk. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1159-66. [PMID: 15531661 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant sterol supplementation was shown to reduce total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, whereas endurance training was shown to increase HDL-cholesterol concentrations and decrease triacylglycerol concentrations. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the effect of plant sterols, endurance training, and the combination of plant sterols and endurance training on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, sterol concentrations, and cholesterol precursor concentrations in previously sedentary hypercholesterolemic adults. DESIGN In an 8-wk, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial, 84 subjects were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 interventions: 1) combination of sterols and exercise, 2) exercise, 3) sterols, or 4) control treatment. RESULTS Sterol supplementation significantly (P < 0.01) decreased total cholesterol concentrations by 8.2% from baseline. In addition, sterols significantly (P < 0.01) lowered absolute LDL-cholesterol concentrations after treatment but had no effect on the percentage change from the beginning to the end of the trial. Exercise significantly (P < 0.01) increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations by 7.5% and decreased triacylglycerol concentrations by 13.3% from baseline. Moreover, sterol supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased lathosterol, campesterol, and beta-sitosterol concentrations after treatment. Exercise significantly (P < 0.01) decreased percentage of body fat by 3.9% from the beginning to the end of the trial. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with plant sterols or exercise alone, the combination of plant sterols and exercise yields the most beneficial alterations in lipid profiles. Implementation of such a combination therapy could improve lipid profiles in those at risk of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Varady
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, and the Veterans' Hospital, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec
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La práctica deportiva mejora el perfil lipídico plasmático, pero ¿a cualquier intensidad? Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(04)77139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Elley CR, Kerse NM, Arroll B. Why target sedentary adults in primary health care? Baseline results from the Waikato Heart, Health, and Activity Study. Prev Med 2003; 37:342-8. [PMID: 14507491 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The question of whether the public health issue of physical inactivity should be addressed in primary health care is a controversial matter. METHODS Baseline cross-sectional analysis of a physician-based physical activity intervention trial involving sedentary adults was undertaken within 42 rural and urban family practices in New Zealand to examine self-reported levels of physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors. A self-administered single question about physical activity was used to screen 40- to 79-year-old patients from waiting rooms for physical inactivity. RESULTS The positive predictive value of the screening question was 81%. Participation rates for the study were high, including 74% of family physicians (n = 117) in the region. Eighty-eight percent of consecutive patients in the age group agreed to be screened and 46% were identified as sedentary. Of those eligible, 66% (n = 878) agreed to participate in a study involving a lifestyle intervention from their family physician. Blood pressure and BMI were significantly greater than that in the general population. There were high rates of hypertension (52%), diabetes (10.5%), obesity (43%), previous cardiovascular disease (19%), and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (93%). Decreasing total energy expenditure was associated with increasing cardiovascular risk (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Sedentary adults in primary care represent a high cardiovascular risk population. Screening for inactivity in primary care is effective and efficient. Two-thirds of sedentary adults agreed to receive a lifestyle intervention from their family physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Raina Elley
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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