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Mi J, Han X, Cao M, Cheng H, Pan Z, Guo J, Sun W, Liu Y, Zheng C, Wang X, Cao X, Hu Z, Tian Y, Wang Z, Guan T. The impact of retirement on blood pressure: evidence from a nationwide survey in China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1565. [PMID: 38862990 PMCID: PMC11165730 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The health impact of retirement is controversial. Most previous studies have been based on self-reported health indicators or the endpoints of some chronic diseases (e.g., morbidity or mortality), but objective physiological indicators (e.g., blood pressure) have rarely been used. The objective of this study is to elucidate the health effects of retirement on blood pressure, thereby offering empirical evidence to facilitate the health of retirees and to optimize retirement policies. METHODS From 2012 to 2015, 84,696 participants of the Chinese Hypertension Survey (CHS) were included in this study. We applied the fuzzy regression discontinuity design (FRDD) to identify retirement's causal effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure. We also explored the heterogeneity in the effects of retirement across different sex and education level groups. RESULTS Based on the fully adjusted model, we estimated that retirement increased SBP by 5.047 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.628-12.723, P value: 0.197), DBP by 0.614 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.879-5.108, P value: 0.789) and pulse pressure by 4.433 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.985-9.851, P value: 0.109). We found that retirement led to a significant increase in male participants' SBP and pulse pressure as well as a possible decrease in female participants' blood pressure. Additionally, the blood pressure levels of low-educated participants were more vulnerable to the shock of retirement. CONCLUSION Retirement is associated with an increase in blood pressure level. There is a causal relationship between the increase in blood pressure levels of men and retirement. Policy-makers should pay extra attention to the health status of men and less educated people when adjusting retirement policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Mi
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xueyan Han
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Man Cao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaoyang Pan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular, Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular, Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular, Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular, Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Tian
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular, Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research center of Cardiovascular, Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tianjia Guan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Jenkins AIC, Surachman A, Armendariz M. Where I'm Livin' and How I'm Feelin': Associations among community stress, gender, and mental-emotional health among Black Americans. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116763. [PMID: 38552549 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Structural racism is a primary avenue for the perpetuation of racial health disparities. For Black Americans, both historically and contemporarily, the neighborhood context serves as one of the most striking examples of structural racism, with stressful neighborhood contexts contributing to the well-documented inequalities in psychological functioning among this population. OBJECTIVE Thus, in this study, we adapted an intersectional-ecological framework to investigate the links between community stress and multiple dimensions of mental-emotional health for Black men and women. METHODS Drawing on cross-sectional data from 842 Black Americans from the Milwaukee area, we tested both objective (Area Deprivation Index; ADI) and subjective (perceived neighborhood disadvantage; PND) indicators of community stress as simultaneous predictors of negative and positive affect and the odds of psychological disorder (depression, anxiety) in multilevel models, examining gender differences in these linkages. RESULTS Results showed greater objective community stress was related to lower levels of negative affect for both men and women and lower odds of psychological disorder for women specifically. Greater subjective community stress was related to higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of positive affect for both men and women and to higher odds of psychological disorder for women specifically. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the complex intersectional nature of the links between community stress and Black Americans' mental-emotional health. Specifically, findings demonstrate the pernicious psychological effects of perceived community stress and allude to Black Americans', particularly women's, active resistance and resilience to objective disadvantage, potentially through investing in social relationships in their neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- August I C Jenkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Agus Surachman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marina Armendariz
- Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Xie X, Qiao X, Huang CC, Cheung SP. Mindfulness and loneliness in retired older adults in China: mediation effects of positive and negative affect. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:188-195. [PMID: 37493469 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2240261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Drawing from the mindfulness framework and the broaden-and-build theory, this study investigates the extent to which mindfulness influences loneliness and whether the relation is mediated by positive and negative affect.Method: Data were collected from 748 retired older adults aged 60 and above in Chengdu, China in 2022. Loneliness and mindfulness were measured by the UCLA loneliness scale and by the short-form version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, while the positive and negative affect was assessed by the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.Results: The results of this study show that mindfulness was positively associated with positive affect (β = 0.37, p<.001), negatively related to negative affect (β=-0.21, p<.001) and loneliness (β=-0.13, p<.001), and had an indirect effect on loneliness via positive and negative affect (β=-0.20, p<.001).Conclusion: The findings suggest that mindfulness could be a positive resource for improving mental health and reducing loneliness among retired older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance & Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xingyong Qiao
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance & Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Ketelhut S, Querciagrossa D, Bisang X, Metry X, Borter E, Nigg CR. The effectiveness of the Wim Hof method on cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and different psychological parameters. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17517. [PMID: 37845341 PMCID: PMC10579249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wim Hof method (WHM) is a multi-disciplinary approach to physical and mental well-being combining cold exposure, breathing exercises, and meditation. This study evaluated the effects of a 15 days WHM intervention on cardiovascular parameters at rest and during a cold pressor test (CPT), as well as on various psychological parameters. Forty two participants were randomized into an intervention (IG) and a control group. Throughout the 15 days intervention, the IG performed the WHM daily. Before and after the intervention, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), heart rate (HR), root mean sum of squared distance (RMSSD), and standard deviation of RR-intervals (SDNN) were assessed at rest and during a CPT. Furthermore, perceived stress (PSS), positive affect (PANAS+), negative affect (PANAS-), and subjective vitality (trait (SVSt) and state (SVSs)) was determined. No significant time × group interactions could be detected in HR (p = 0.709); RMSSD (p = 0.820), SDNN (p = 0.186), SBP (p = 0.839), DBP (p = 0.318), PWV (p = 0.983), PANAS+ (p = 0.427), PANAS- (p = 0.614), SVSt (p = 0.760), SVSs (p = 0.366), and PSS (p = 0.364). No significant time × group effects could be detected during the CPT (ΔHR: p = 0.596; ΔSBP: p = 0.366; ΔDBP: p = 0.999; ΔPWV: p = 0.635; perceived pain: p = 0.231). Performing the WHM daily did not exert positive effects on cardiovascular and psychological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ketelhut
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Dario Querciagrossa
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Bisang
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Metry
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Borter
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio R Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Tu B, Huang C, Sitar S, Wang Y. Supervision Effects on Negative Affect and Psychological Distress: Evidence from Social Workers in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1764. [PMID: 36767131 PMCID: PMC9913909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Supervision is an imperative practice within the social work field. It provides social workers with support systems, ensures that social workers are adhering to professional standards, and protects clients. Research has also shown that quality supervision can improve social workers' professional capacity and reduce work stress. However, most of this research has been confined to social workers' experiences within Western countries and has been largely qualitative in nature. Thus, this study aims to examine the experience of 489 social workers based in Guangzhou, China to understand how supervision affects their negative affect and psychological distress. The findings indicate that supervision not only reduces negative affect and psychological distress amongst Chinese social workers, but also is especially effective for social workers with high job demands. When job demands are high, social workers who receive both individual and group supervision also appear to have lower negative affect and psychological distress as compared to social workers who only receive individual supervision. These findings emphasize the significance of supervision as a buffer factor to reduce negative affect and psychological distress amongst Chinese social workers who face high job demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- Guangdong Research Center for NPO, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
| | - Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sophie Sitar
- Law School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Yulu Wang
- School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China
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Fang B, Li D, Chen B, Huang J, Hou Y, Liu H. Perceived Support Protects Against Negative Affective Experiences of Momentary Solitude: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2170-2181. [PMID: 35678188 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Momentary solitude (the objective state of being alone) has a strong association with negative affective experiences in older people, but little is known about how the role of social relationship characteristics on relationship between momentary solitude and affect. We examined the momentary association between momentary solitude and negative affect (NA), and whether such association was moderated by the structural and functional aspects of social relationships. METHODS A sample of 153 late-middle-aged and older adults were recruited and provided a total of 6,742 ecological momentary assessment surveys, of which momentary solitudes were reported for 1,885 (28%) surveys. Hierarchical linear model was used to examine how social networks and social support moderated the association of momentary solitude with NA experiences. RESULTS The association of momentary solitude with NA experiences was significant among middle-aged and older adults (b = 0.025, SE = 0.008, p < .01). Family networks had the main effect on NA. Perceived social support buffered against increased NA in momentary solitude: Individuals with a higher level of perceived support reported fewer increases in NA during momentary solitude than those perceiving a lower level of support. DISCUSSION Momentary solitude was experienced less negatively for middle-aged and older persons embedded in a context of higher levels of perceived social support. Practitioners need to pay more attention to the promotion of social resources when delivering programs to improve the subjective well-being of late-middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boye Fang
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danyu Li
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Beizhuo Chen
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Hou
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang C, Sitar S, Huang CC. Effects of Job Demands and Resources on Positive and Negative Affect of Delivery Drivers in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138140. [PMID: 35805798 PMCID: PMC9265505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The delivery workforce in China has grown substantially within the past decade. As this industry has grown, job demands (JD) have also increased to ensure productivity. Accordingly, delivery drivers are increasingly facing volatile and stressful work conditions that could influence their Positive and Negative Affect (PANA), which has been an important predictor of their health and well-being. This study utilizes a sample of modern delivery drivers in Beijing, China (n = 240) to study how the job demands-resources theory (JD-R) was related to PANA. The results indicate delivery drivers experience relatively high JD and moderate JR at their places of employment. As expected, JR were positively associated with PA and negatively associated with NA. Meanwhile, JD were positively related to NA; however, JD were also positively associated with PA within the sample. Further interaction analysis showed that only drivers with high JD and high JR were positively associated with PA and that drivers with high JD and low JR were associated with high NA and had no effect on PA. These findings call for support for Chinese delivery drivers who face high job stress and high job demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Department of Youth Movement History, China Youth University of Political Studies, Beijing 100089, China;
| | | | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
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Vargas EA, Chirinos DA, Wong M, Carnethon MR, Carroll AJ, Kiefe CI, Carson AP, Kershaw KN. Psychosocial profiles and longitudinal achievement of optimal cardiovascular risk factor levels: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Behav Med 2022; 45:172-185. [PMID: 34671896 PMCID: PMC10083095 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors are associated with the achievement of optimal cardiovascular disease risk factor (CVDRF) levels. To date, little research has examined multiple psychosocial factors simultaneously to identify distinguishing psychosocial profiles among individuals with CVDRF. Further, it is unknown whether profiles are associated with achievement of CVDRF levels longitudinally. Therefore, we characterized psychosocial profiles of individuals with CVDRF and assessed whether they are associated with achievement of optimal CVDRF levels over 15 years. We included 1148 CARDIA participants with prevalent hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and/or diabetes mellitus in 2000-2001. Eleven psychosocial variables reflecting psychological health, personality traits, and social factors were included. Optimal levels were deemed achieved if: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol < 100 mg/dl, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mm Hg. Latent profile analysis revealed three psychosocial profile groups "Healthy", "Distressed and Disadvantaged" and "Discriminated Against". There were no significant differences in achievement of CVDRF levels of the 3 targets combined across profiles. Participants in the "Distressed and Disadvantaged" profile were less likely to meet optimal HbA1c levels compared to individuals in the "Healthy" profile after demographic adjustment. Associations were attenuated after full covariate adjustment. Distinct psychosocial profiles exist among individuals with CVDRF, representing meaningful differences. Implications for CVDRF management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Vargas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Diana A Chirinos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mandy Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allison J Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catarina I Kiefe
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - April P Carson
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Assessment of ideal cardiovascular health metrics in refugees, East of Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1479-1488. [PMID: 34900799 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In 2013, there was an estimation of greater than 4.5 million Afghan refugees who had migrated to the least developed countries. Over one million are legally registered in Iran. We assessed the heart health status as described by the American Heart Association (AHA) in the Afghan refugee populace. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1,634 Afghan refugees, including 746 males (45.7%) and 888 females (54.3%), selected through a convenience sampling method in 2016. The American Heart Association's seven cardiovascular health metrics were evaluated to specify the status of heart health in Afghan refugees. Differences with age and sex were analyzed using the χ2 test. Results Only one (0.1%) participant met the ideal for all seven cardiovascular health metrics. No significant differences were found between women and men in meeting the ideal criteria for more than five cardiovascular health metrics. As age increased, the proportion of refugees who met the ideal for more than five cardiovascular health metrics declined. Conclusions Refugees were not meeting the ideal cardiovascular health for some of the assessed metrics. Intervention to improve and monitor heart health in Afghan refugees is needed.
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Depressive Symptoms among Individuals Hospitalized with COVID-19: Three-Month Follow-Up. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091175. [PMID: 34573196 PMCID: PMC8471767 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may experience psychiatric symptoms, including depression and suicidal ideation, that could lead to chronic impairment and a reduction in quality of life. Specifically, depressive disorder shows high incidence and may lead to chronic impairment and a reduction in the quality of life. To date, no studies on the presence of suicidality and quantitative analysis of depressive symptoms and their risk factors have yet been published. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related risk factors at 3 months after discharge to home care following hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. METHODS Participants were contacted three months after hospital discharge from one of the five COVID-19 hospitals in Rome, as part of a larger project on health outcomes in COVID-19 inpatients (Long Term Neuropsychiatric Disorder in COVID-19 Project), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered by telephone interview. RESULTS Of 115 participants, 14.8% (N = 17) received a PHQ-9-based diagnosis of depression, and n = 7 of them scored 1 or more on the item on suicidality. A linear regression model showed the predictive role of female sex, pulmonary chronic condition and previous mental disorder in the development of depressive disorder; the latter was confirmed also by binary logistic regression. Severity indexes of disease (length of hospitalization and intensive care treatment) were found not to be associated with the development of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A small but clinically meaningful number of participants in the current study reported that they experienced symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation 3 months post-discharge from their COVID-19 hospitalization. In particular, given the findings that a history of prior psychiatric disorders was predictive of the development of depression symptoms, clinicians should carefully monitor for the presence of all psychiatric symptoms at follow-up visits.
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Psychological Backgrounds of Medically Compromised Patients and Its Implication in Dentistry: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168792. [PMID: 34444548 PMCID: PMC8392062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of medically compromised dental patients is increasing every year with the increase in the super-aged population. Many of these patients have underlying psychiatric problems and diseases, which need to be recognized by dental professionals for better treatment outcomes. The aim of this narrative review article is to summarize the psychological and psychiatric backgrounds of medically compromised patients who are frequently visited and taken care of by dentists using findings from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Anxiety and symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, panic disorders, poor cognitive functions, and poor quality of life were some of the common psychological backgrounds in medically compromised patients. Additionally, the consequences of these psychological problems and the considerations that need to be taken by the dentist while treating these patients have been discussed. Dental professionals should be aware of and recognize the different psychological backgrounds of medically compromised dental patients in order to provide appropriate dental treatment and to prevent oral conditions from worsening.
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Gabriel A, Zare H, Jones W, Yang M, Ibe CA, Cao Y, Balamani M, Gaston M, Porter G, Woods DL, Gaskin DJ. Evaluating Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Socioeconomic-Status African American Women Aged 40 to 75 Years With Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:426-432. [PMID: 33566072 PMCID: PMC7876618 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Depression is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States. African American women of low socioeconomic status with uncontrolled hypertension are at risk of having severe depressive symptoms, yet there is limited research about the mental health of this vulnerable population. Data from the Prime Time Sister Circles randomized clinical trial (PTSC-RCT) study can shed light on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among low-socioeconomic-status older African American women with hypertension. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among low-socioeconomic-status African American women aged 40 to 75 years with uncontrolled hypertension who receive their care from a federally qualified health center (FQHC) and to identify risk factors associated with depressive symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of data from the PTSC-RCT of depressive symptomology, measured using an adapted version of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CES-D-10). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study population. We used logistic regression models to investigate the factors associated with participants with or without symptoms of depression. We used baseline data from the PTSC-RCT study, including 316 African American English-speaking women between ages 40 and 75 years with hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg), who received their primary care at a FQHC in Washington, DC, in 2017 and 2018 and were flagged by the FQHC as uncontrolled. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We used the CES-D-10 from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to measure presence of depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 57.0% of the women in the study (180 of 316) scored greater than or equal to 10 on the CES-D-10. Depressive symptoms had a negative association with a postsecondary education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.492; 95% CI, 0.249-0.968) and a positive association with the number of chronic conditions (aOR, 1.235; 95% CI, 1.046-1.460) and smoking (aOR, 1.731; 95% CI, 1.039-2.881). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study of low-income African American women with uncontrolled hypertension, more than half had symptoms of depression that was associated with less than high-school education, chronic conditions, and smoking. Low-income African American women with uncontrolled hypertension should be screened and adequately treated for depressive symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04371614.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gabriel
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Hossein Zare
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public, Baltimore, Maryland,University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC),Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wehmah Jones
- American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC
| | - Manshu Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Chidinma A. Ibe
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yidan Cao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public, Baltimore, Maryland,Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michele Balamani
- The Gaston and Porter Health Improvement Center Inc, Washington, DC,Baraka and Associates, Largo, Maryland
| | - Marilyn Gaston
- The Gaston and Porter Health Improvement Center Inc, Washington, DC
| | - Gayle Porter
- The Gaston and Porter Health Improvement Center Inc, Washington, DC
| | - Denise L. Woods
- The Gaston and Porter Health Improvement Center Inc, Washington, DC
| | - Darrell J. Gaskin
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public, Baltimore, Maryland,Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Huang C, Xie X, Cheung SP, Zhou Y. Job Demands and Resources, Positive and Negative Affect, and Psychological Distress of Social Workers in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:752382. [PMID: 35115957 PMCID: PMC8803745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.752382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human service professionals, like social workers, experience significant job demands (JD) which can lead to outcomes like psychological distress, burnout, and high turnover rates. This is especially true in China, where the social work profession has grown substantially in recent decades. Because social workers play a crucial role in supporting vulnerable communities, there is a need to understand how their work conditions affect outcomes like psychological distress. This study applies the job demands and resources (JD-R) model to study this relation, along with the mediational effects of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), in social workers from Chengdu, China (n = 897). The results of structural equation modeling indicate that JD-R differentially affect psychological distress. PA and NA partially mediate these relations. Job resources (JR) reduced psychological distress by reducing NA and increasing PA. JD did not have any effect on PA but significantly increased NA, which was associated with higher psychological distress. The magnitudes of each estimate suggest that JR has a greater effect on PA and NA, relative to the effects of JD on PA and NA. Interventions that seek to promote PA and reduce NA may be able to work with existing JR to buffer against the effects of JD in social workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienchung Huang
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Shannon P Cheung
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
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14
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Keogh TM, Howard S, O'Riordan A, Gallagher S. Motivational orientation mediates the association between depression and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13732. [PMID: 33252783 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent theoretical developments in cardiovascular reactivity research suggest the association between depression and blunted reactions to stress is linked to motivational factors. Thus, the present study aimed to test whether the association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress was mediated by motivation; be it intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. One hundred and eighty-two healthy young adults completed measures of motivation (Global Motivation Scale; GMS), and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) and had their blood pressure and heart rate monitored throughout a standardised stress testing protocol. Results indicated that depression was negatively associated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) reactions to the stress task (all ps < .05), such that those who reported higher depressive symptomology displayed a blunted response. Furthermore this relationship was mediated by intrinsic, but not extrinsic motivation; the blunted responses were less pronounced through intrinsic motivation. The present findings add extensively to existing research and confirm that motivation is an underlying mechanism linking depression and cardiovascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Keogh
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Howard
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Adam O'Riordan
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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15
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Shukla M, Lau JYF, Lissek S, Pandey R, Kumari V. Reduced emotional responsiveness in individuals with marginal elevation in blood pressure within the normal range: Evidence from altered affect-modulated startle response. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:18-26. [PMID: 32320713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reduced responsiveness to emotional stimuli ('emotional dampening') has been observed in normotensives with elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertensives but it is not known whether this is due to aberrant responding to emotional information at the involuntary level and whether it is also associated with minimal elevations in BP in the normal range. In this study, we examined emotional dampening using the affect-modulated startle paradigm given its proven sensitivity to motivational states of approach and withdrawal, typically independent of conscious intentional control. Acoustically elicited startle eye-blink modulation was measured using electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle beneath the left eye in 59 healthy individuals while they viewed pleasant, unpleasant and neutral standardized pictures. The expected startle attenuation to pleasant pictures, and startle potentiation to unpleasant pictures, relative to neutral pictures, was found in people in the comparison (N = 29) but not elevated BP (N = 30) group. This finding was further supported by significant moderating effect (assessed using ANCOVA and sub-sample analysis) of BP on valence-startle amplitude relationship. The comparison BP group also showed slower latencies to response onset for pleasant stimuli compared to neutral and unpleasant, with no effect of valence in the elevated BP group. However, BP did not moderate the valence-onset latency relationship. Our findings indicate that previously reported emotional dampening associated with elevated BP extends to reduced involuntary emotional reactivity and to individuals with even minimal BP elevations (i.e. higher but still within the normal range). Future research needs to confirm these findings in hypertensive individuals, preferably using within-subjects designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Shukla
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Y F Lau
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Veena Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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16
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Dich N, Rozing MP, Kivimäki M, Doan SN. Life Events, Emotions, and Immune Function: Evidence from Whitehall II Cohort Study. Behav Med 2020; 46:153-160. [PMID: 30908163 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1570072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life events have been shown to increase vulnerability to infections. However, the effects may be dependent on specific emotional responses associated with these events. In general, negative emotions are thought to exacerbate and positive emotions to protect from the adverse effects of stressors on health. In this study, we adopted an evolutionary and functionalist perspective on emotions and hypothesized that both positive and negative emotions in response to stressful events are protective, whereas absence of emotional reactions exacerbates vulnerability to infections. We assessed immune function using lymphocytes to white blood cells ratio as a proxy for current viral infection in 3,008 British civil workers (30% women). No main effect of stressful life events or emotions on lymphocyte ratio was observed in either sex. However, in men, there was an interaction of life events with both positive and negative emotions as well as a combined measure of general affect. Supporting our hypothesis, stressful life events were associated with impaired immune function in men who reported very low levels of both positive and negative emotions but not in others. We discuss potential benefits of negative and positive emotions in the context of stress and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Dich
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mika Kivimäki
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Speerforck S, Dodoo-Schittko F, Brandstetter S, Apfelbacher C, Hapke U, Jacobi F, Grabe HJ, Baumeister SE, Schomerus G. 12-year changes in cardiovascular risk factors in people with major depressive or bipolar disorder: a prospective cohort analysis in Germany. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:565-576. [PMID: 30014442 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder are associated with certain cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), but it is unclear whether they are associated with unfavourable changes of clinically manifest CVRFs over time. METHODS We used baseline and 12-year follow-up (n = 1887) data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998. Multivariable linear regression models assessed associations between lifetime CIDI-diagnosed mood disorders at baseline and continuous risk factor-related outcomes (blood pressure, HbA1c, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, BMI) at follow-up. RESULTS We did not find consistent deterioration of CVRFs in persons with compared to persons without MDD. Analyses pointed to severity of mood disorder as an important correlate of long-term changes of comorbid hypertension: while a history of mild MDD was not associated with changes in CVRFs, moderate MDD was associated with lower blood pressure [systolic: β = - 7.5 (CI - 13.2; - 1.9); diastolic: β = - 4.5 (CI - 7.8; - 1.3)] and a history of bipolar disorder was associated with higher systolic blood pressure at follow-up (β = 14.6; CI 4.9-24.4). Further, severe MDD was weakly associated with a higher BMI at follow-up [β = 1.2 (CI 0.0; 2.4)]. These outcomes were not mediated by use of psychotropic medication and remained statistically significant after adjusting for the use of antihypertensive medication. CONCLUSION Since most investigated parameters showed no associations, participants with a lifetime history of MDD in this cohort did not carry a specific risk for a worsening of pre-existing clinically manifest CVRFs. Our findings extend evidence of MDD severity and bipolar disorder as important correlates of long-term changes of arterial hypertension and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - F Dodoo-Schittko
- Medical Sociology, Institute for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Brandstetter
- Medical Sociology, Institute for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Apfelbacher
- Medical Sociology, Institute for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - U Hapke
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Jacobi
- Center of Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S E Baumeister
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Anxiety and Hypertension: Is There a Link? A Literature Review of the Comorbidity Relationship Between Anxiety and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2019; 21:66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-0972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Taking rejection to heart: Associations between blood pressure and sensitivity to social pain. Biol Psychol 2018; 139:87-95. [PMID: 30352273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A reliable finding from the physical pain literature is that individuals with higher resting (i.e., tonic) blood pressure experience relatively less pain in response to nociceptive stimuli. Converging lines of evidence suggest that biological factors that influence the experience of physical pain may also relate to social pain. An open question, however, is whether higher blood pressure per se is a biological factor associated with lower sensitivity to social pain. This possible association was tested in three studies. Consistent with prior findings on physical pain, higher resting blood pressure was associated with lower self-reported sensitivity to social pain across individuals (Study 1 r = -.303, Study 2 r = -.262, -.246), even after adjusting for confounding factors related to blood pressure (Study 3 r = -.222). Findings suggest a previously unknown biological correlate of sensitivity to social pain, providing further evidence for possible shared substrates for physical and social pain.
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20
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McAleavey AA, Wyka K, Peskin M, Difede J. Physical, functional, and psychosocial recovery from burn injury are related and their relationship changes over time: A Burn Model System study. Burns 2018; 44:793-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Begam NS, Srinivasan K, Mini GK. Is Migration Affecting Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension of Men in Kerala, India? J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 18:1365-1370. [PMID: 26860477 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We assessed hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among male gulf migrant and non-migrant workers in Kerala state of India. We did a cross sectional survey of 191 migrant and 193 non-migrant men aged 25-64 years selected using a multistage random sampling method. Using World Health Organization STEPS approach, we collected information on demographics, STEP 1 variables and measured STEP-2 variables. Multivariate analysis was used to find the relation between migration and hypertension. Age adjusted hypertension prevalence was 57.6 % among migrants and 31.7 % among non-migrants (p < 0.05). Migrants were more likely to be hypertensive (OR 3.00, 95 % CI 1.83-4.94) than non-migrants after adjusting for age, STEP 1 and STEP 2 variables. Though not statistically significant (p = 0.109), awareness of hypertension was lower among migrants (43.5 %) compared to non migrants (56.9 %). Treatment (migrants: 34 %, non-migrants: 53 %, p < 0.05) and control (migrants: 12 %, non-migrants: 48 %, p < 0.001) of hypertension were lower among migrants. Greater attention to improve the treatment and control of hypertension among migrants is warranted in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shamim Begam
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Kannan Srinivasan
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - G K Mini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies (AMCHSS), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
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22
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Depression and cardiovascular disease in elderly: Current understanding. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 47:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Suls J. Toxic Affect: Are Anger, Anxiety, and Depression Independent Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease? EMOTION REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073917692863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three negative affective dispositions—anger, anxiety, and depression—are hypothesized to increase physical disease risk and have been the subject of epidemiological studies. However, the overlap among the major negative affective dispositions, and the superordinate construct of trait negative affectivity (NA) are only beginning to be tested. Presented here is a narrative review of recent prospective studies that simultaneously tested anger, anxiety, depression, and trait NA as risk factors for cardiac outcomes. Anxiety and depression emerged as independent risk factors for premature heart disease in population studies of persons nominally healthy at baseline, and for recurrence/mortality among patients with existing heart disease. General trait NA also was a cardiac risk factor in population samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Suls
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, USA
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24
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Cardiovascular Responses Associated with the Moving Beans Task: Influence of Psychological Characteristics. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2013-2018. [PMID: 28666804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE High blood pressure (BP) after stroke is associated with a poor outcome. However, exercise training or speech therapy for patients with stroke can raise the BP. The aim of this study was to examine cardiovascular responses during the moving beans task (MBT) used in occupational therapy and to study the influence of psychological characteristics on cardiovascular responses during this task in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 34 healthy volunteers, the BP and the heart rate (HR) were continuously measured during the baseline period, the 5-minute MBT, and the 1-minute cold pressor test (CPT). All subjects completed self-reported questionnaires, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-2, and the Japanese version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). RESULTS The systolic blood pressure (SBP), the diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the mean blood pressure (MBP) significantly increased during the MBT and the CPT compared with the baseline values. SBP, DBP, and MBP responses during the MBT significantly correlated with the TAS-20 scores. Moreover, DBP response during the MBT correlated with the CES-D scores. CONCLUSIONS The MBT significantly raised BP without increasing the HR. BP responses during this task were influenced by the psychological characteristics of depression and alexithymia.
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25
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Ma L, Li Y. The effect of depression on sleep quality and the circadian rhythm of ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with hypertension. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 39:49-52. [PMID: 28262397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of depression on the sleep quality, and the circadian rhythm of ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS A total of 73 older patients with hypertension were screened for depression and divided into two groups. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the circadian rhythm of ambulatory blood pressure were compared between the non-depressed (control) and depressed (case) group. RESULTS In the case group, 24h ambulatory SBP and DBP, and nocturnal SBP and DBP were higher than in the control group, and the circadian rhythm of non-dipper was higher (67.22% vs 40.13%,P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between PSQI and depression (r=0.432, P<0.01). CONCLUSION There was a significant correlation between sleep quality and depression in older patients with hypertension. Depression increases the circadian rhythm of non-dipper in older patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
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26
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May HT, Bair TL, Reiss-Brennan B, Knight S, Anderson JL, Horne BD, Brunisholz KD, Muhlestein JB. The association of antidepressant and statin use with death and incident cardiovascular disease varies by depression severity. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 22:919-931. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1281975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi T. May
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Tami L. Bair
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Murray, UT, USA
| | | | - Stacey Knight
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Murray, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Anderson
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Murray, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Horne
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Murray, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Joseph B. Muhlestein
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Murray, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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27
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Iranian Population: The Lifestyle Promotion Project (LPP). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165264. [PMID: 27783691 PMCID: PMC5082665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This population-based study aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated factors of prehypertension/hypertension in Iran. Methods and Findings The data (n = 2818) for this study were collected in 2015 as a part of the major Lifestyle Promotion Project (LPP) conducted in East Azerbaijan (urban and regional parts). The data for socio-demographic status, dietary information, and physical activity and anxiety levels were collected through validated questionnaires. Then, physical examination including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), body mass index (BMI) and conicity index was performed. First-morning spot urine (SU) sample was collected to assume salt intake. The One-way ANOVA, logistic regression, chi-square test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of prehypertension, stage I and stage II hypertension, and overall hypertension was 47.3%, 13.6%, 5.45% and 22.6% respectively. The mean systolic (p = 0.004) and diastolic (p<0.001) blood pressure in men were significantly higher than women. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that in both sexes, family history of hypertension, obesity, abdominal obesity, anxiety and having high levels of sodium intake were associated with high blood pressure (p< 0.05). Additionally, 45.8% of the hypertensive patients were aware of their disease, 10.0% of the aware patients, and 44.5% of everyone with high blood pressure were receiving antihypertensive medication. Conclusions Our data showed that prehypertension/hypertension is a major health problem in Iran. Focusing on identifying risk factors to hypertension, regular drug intake, good nutrition, physical activity, and changing lifestyles of patients with hypertension are essential.
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28
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Ford CD, Sims M, Higginbotham JC, Crowther MR, Wyatt SB, Musani SK, Payne TJ, Fox ER, Parton JM. Psychosocial Factors Are Associated With Blood Pressure Progression Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:913-24. [PMID: 26964661 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research that examines the associations of psychosocial factors with incident hypertension among African Americans (AA) is limited. Using Jackson Heart Study (JHS) data, we examined associations of negative affect and stress with incident hypertension and blood pressure (BP) progression among AA. METHODS Our sample consisted of 1,656 normotensive participants at baseline (2000-2004) (mean age 47±12; 61% women). We investigated associations of negative affect (cynical distrust, anger-in, anger-out, and depressive symptoms) and stress (perceived stress, weekly stress inventory (WSI)-event, WSI-impact, and major life events) with BP progression (an increase by one BP stage as defined by JNC VII) and incident hypertension by examination 2 (2005-2008). Poisson regression analysis was utilized to examine the prevalence ratios (PRs; 95% confidence interval (CI)) of BP tracking and incident hypertension with psychosocial factors, adjusting for baseline age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and hypertension risk factors. RESULTS Fifty-six percentage of the sample (922 cases) had BP progression from 2005 to 2008. After adjustment for age, sex, and SES, a high anger-out score was associated with a 20% increased risk of BP progression compared to a low anger-out score (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05-1.36). High depressive symptoms score was associated with BP progression in the age, sex, and SES-adjusted model (PR 1.14; 95% CI 1.00-1.30). High WSI-event scores were associated with BP progression in the fully adjusted model (PR 1.21; 95% CI 1.04-1.40). We did not observe significant associations with any of the psychosocial measures and incident hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial factors were associated with BP progression, with the strongest evidence for number of stressful events that occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D Ford
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA;
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - John C Higginbotham
- College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Martha R Crowther
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Sharon B Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA; School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas J Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jason M Parton
- Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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Between-person and within-person approaches to the prediction of ambulatory blood pressure: the role of affective valence and intensity. J Behav Med 2016; 39:757-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zambrana RE, López L, Dinwiddie GY, Ray RM, Eaton CB, Phillips LS, Wassertheil-Smoller S. Association of Baseline Depressive Symptoms with Prevalent and Incident Pre-Hypertension and Hypertension in Postmenopausal Hispanic Women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152765. [PMID: 27124184 PMCID: PMC4849764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and depressive symptoms are risk factors for hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hispanic women have higher rates of depressive symptoms compared to other racial/ethnic groups yet few studies have investigated its association with incident prehypertension and hypertension among postmenopausal Hispanic women. This study aims to assess if an association exists between baseline depression and incident hypertension at 3 years follow-up among postmenopausal Hispanic women. METHODS Prospective cohort study, Women's Health Initiative (WHI), included 4,680 Hispanic women who participated in the observational and clinical trial studies at baseline and at third-year follow-up. Baseline current depressive symptoms and past depression history were measured as well as important correlates of depression-social support, optimism, life events and caregiving. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate prevalent and incident prehypertension and hypertension in relation to depressive symptoms. RESULTS Prevalence of current baseline depression ranged from 26% to 28% by hypertension category and education moderated these rates. In age-adjusted models, women with depression were more likely to be hypertensive (OR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.04-1.51), although results were attenuated when adjusting for covariates. Depression at baseline in normotensive Hispanic women was associated with incident hypertension at year 3 follow-up (OR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.10-2.74) after adjustment for insurance and behavioral factors. However, further adjustment for clinical covariates attenuated the association. Analyses of psychosocial variables correlated with depression but did not alter findings. Low rates of antidepressant medication usage were also reported. CONCLUSIONS In the largest longitudinal study to date of older Hispanic women which included physiologic, behavioral and psychosocial moderators of depression, there was no association between baseline depressive symptoms and prevalent nor incident pre-hypertension and hypertension. We found low rates of antidepressant medication usage among Hispanic women suggesting a possible point for clinical intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Zambrana
- Department of Women’s Studies, Consortium on Race, Gender and Ethnicity, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lenny López
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gniesha Y. Dinwiddie
- African American Studies Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Roberta M. Ray
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Family Medicine & Epidemiology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Phillips
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Anxiety and Depression are More Prevalent in Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma Than in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2015; 24:e57-63. [PMID: 24240874 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychological disturbances and personality traits in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS A sample of 50 PACG patients, 50 POAG patients, and 50 normal controls were enrolled in this study. All the participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires: Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Analysis of variance and t test were used to compare the subscores between the groups. RESULTS The scores of SAS and SDS were higher in glaucoma patients than in controls, whereas the PACG group had a higher score for both scales (48.44±9.90; 53.64±9.74) than the POAG group (42.62±9.00, P=0.034; 49.02±11.47, P=0.131) and control group (37.10±6.08, P=0.000; 38.86±6.64, P=0.000). Taking an SAS score of ≥45 and an SDS score of ≥50 as cut-offs, the prevalence of anxiety and depression in the PACG group (66.0%, 56.0%) was significantly higher than in the POAG group (44.0%, P=0.002; 40.0%, P=0.033) and control group (16.0%, P=0.000; 10.0%, P=0.000). The values of psychoticism and neuroticism in EPQ for the PACG and POAG groups were significantly higher than those for controls (P<0.05). In DSQ, PACG and POAG patients adopted immature and neurotic defense styles more often than controls (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between male and female participants in all the questionnaires used (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences were found between primary glaucoma patients and normal controls in psychiatric questionnaires, whereas the level of anxiety and depression was found to be significantly higher in PACG patients than in POAG patients and controls.
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Sims M, Redmond N, Khodneva Y, Durant RW, Halanych J, Safford MM. Depressive symptoms are associated with incident coronary heart disease or revascularization among blacks but not among whites in the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke study. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:426-32. [PMID: 25891100 PMCID: PMC4632969 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of depressive symptoms with coronary heart disease (CHD) end points by race and income. METHODS Study participants were blacks and whites (n = 24,443) without CHD at baseline from the national Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort. Outcomes included acute CHD and CHD or revascularization. We estimated race-stratified multivariate Cox proportional hazards models of incident CHD and incident CHD or revascularization with the 4-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, adjusting for risk factors. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 4.2 ± 1.5 years; CHD incidence was 8.3 events per 1000 person-years (n = 366) among blacks and 8.8 events per 1000 person-years (n = 613) among whites. After adjustment for age, sex, marital status, region, and socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with incident CHD among blacks (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.91) but not among whites (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.74-1.64). In the fully adjusted model, compared with blacks who reported no depressive symptoms, those reporting depressive symptoms had greater risk for the composite end point of CHD or revascularization (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.81). Depressive symptoms were not associated with incident CHD end points among whites. CONCLUSIONS High depressive symptoms were associated with higher risk of CHD or revascularization for blacks but not whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
| | - Nicole Redmond
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yulia Khodneva
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Raegan W Durant
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jewell Halanych
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Monika M Safford
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
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Abstract
We investigate the impact of peer competition on longevity using a unique historical data set of 144 prominent music composers born in the 19th century. We approximate for peer competition measuring (a) the number or (b) the share of composers located in the same area and time, (c) the time spent in one of the main cities for classical music, and (d) the quality of fellow composers. These measures suggest that composers' longevity is reduced, if they located in agglomerations with a larger group of peers or of a higher quality. The point estimates imply that, all else equal, a one percent increase in the number of composers reduces composer longevity by ∼ 7.2 weeks. Our analysis showed that the utilized concentration measures are stronger than the personal factors in determining longevity, indicating that individuals' backgrounds have minimal impact on mitigating the effect of experienced peer pressure. The negative externality of peer competition is experienced in all cities, fairly independent of their population size. Our results are reaffirmed using an instrumental variable approach and are consistent throughout a range of robustness tests. In addition to the widely known economic benefits associated with competition, these findings suggest that significant negative welfare externalities exist as well.
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Boateng GO, Luginaah IN, Taabazuing MM. Examining the Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension Among the Elderly in Ghana. J Aging Health 2015; 27:1147-69. [PMID: 25818146 DOI: 10.1177/0898264315577588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine the risk factors associated with hypertension among the elderly in Ghana. We focused on the association between chronic diseases, socioeconomic factors, and being hypertensive. METHOD Data for the study were drawn from Wave 1 of the 2007/2008 Ghana Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). A binary logit model was used to estimate the effect of other noncommunicable diseases, psychosocial factors, lifestyle factors, and sociocultural and biosocial factors on the elderly being hypertensive. RESULTS Elderly Ghanaians who had been diagnosed with arthritis, angina, diabetes, and asthma were significantly more likely to be hypertensive. Additionally, those depressed were found to be 1.22 times more likely to be hypertensive. DISCUSSION Prevention and control of hypertension are complex and demand multistakeholder collaboration including governments, educational institutions, media, food and beverage industry, and a conscious focus on personal lifestyle factors.
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Singh P, Khullar S, Singh M, Kaur G, Mastana S. Diabetes to cardiovascular disease: is depression the potential missing link? Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:370-8. [PMID: 25655224 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The etiopathological consequences of diabetes and its imperative sequels have been explored extensively in the scientific arena of cardiovascular diabetology. Innumerable risk covariates and confounders have been delineated for the primary and secondary prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, an intricate interaction of depression on them has been largely overlooked. Depression influences and participates in each and every step that worsens the diabetic state for developing cardiovascular complications. The dilemma is that it coexists, remains silent and generally not considered as relevant clinical parameter amenable to intervention. In this review, it is highlighted that depression has strong association and linkages with both diabetes and CVD and it should be considered and diagnosed at every stage of the diabetes to CVD continuum. Careful attention to the diagnosis and management of these disease states would contribute in lessening the CVD burden of the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneetpal Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Shallu Khullar
- Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Monica Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Sarabjit Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
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Thombre MK, Talge NM, Holzman C. Association between pre-pregnancy depression/anxiety symptoms and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24:228-36. [PMID: 25588112 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety symptoms have been linked with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, but these associations have not been fully elucidated. Our objective was to consider hypertension in pregnancy and its subtypes (chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia) and evaluate whether the proximity of psychological symptoms to pregnancy informs any associations observed. METHODS Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study participants who provided interview data at enrollment (16-27 weeks' gestation) and whose hypertensive disorder status was abstracted from medical records were eligible for inclusion (n=1371). Maternal history of depression/anxiety symptoms at four time points in the life course were ascertained via self-report at enrollment (i.e., lifetime history, 1 year prior to pregnancy, since last menstrual period, and past week). Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine depression/anxiety symptom measures in relation to hypertensive disorders (overall) and subtype. RESULTS Following adjustment for maternal sociodemographic factors, smoking, and prepregnancy body mass index, prepregnancy depression or anxiety symptoms (i.e., lifetime history and 1 year prior to pregnancy) were associated with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Subtype analyses revealed that these associations were driven primarily by chronic hypertension (adjusted odds ratios=2.7-3.5). Preeclampsia accompanied by preterm delivery was also linked to women's lifetime history of depression symptoms (odds ratio=2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0-5.2). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the link between maternal chronic hypertension and depression/anxiety symptoms precedes pregnancy. In addition, prepregnancy history of depression/anxiety symptoms may be considered part of a risk profile for preterm preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi K Thombre
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan
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Wu EL, Chien IC, Lin CH. Increased risk of hypertension in patients with anxiety disorders: a population-based study. J Psychosom Res 2014; 77:522-7. [PMID: 25454679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We designed this study to examine the prevalence and incidence of hypertension and risk factors in patients with anxiety disorders. METHODS The National Health Research Institute provided a database of 1,000,000 random subjects for study. We obtained a random sample of 766,427 subjects aged ≥18years in 2005. The differences in the prevalence of hypertension between patients with anxiety disorders and the general population in 2005 were tested by multiple logistic regression adjusted for other covariates, including age, sex, insurance amount, region, urbanicity and depression. The differences in the incidence of hypertension between patients with anxiety disorders and the general population according to age group and sex from 2006 to 2010 were tested by a Cox regression adjusted for the other covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in patients with anxiety disorders was higher than that in the general population (37.9% vs. 12.4%, odds ratio, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.52-2.70) in 2005. The average annual incidence of hypertension in patients with anxiety disorders from 2006 to 2010 was also higher than that in the general population (3.63% vs. 1.95%, risk ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.36). Compared with the general population, patients with anxiety disorders had a higher incidence of hypertension in all age and sex groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with anxiety disorders had a higher prevalence and a higher incidence of hypertension than that in the general population. Age, male sex, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were risk factors for hypertension in patients with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Liang Wu
- Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chia Chien
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan; Department of Public Health & Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Garcez FB, Carvalho FUR, Soares APDS, Goes TC, dos Santos MRV, Teixeira-Silva F. The influence of trait anxiety on the elevation of arterial pressure induced by l-NAME in rats. Neurosci Lett 2014; 583:11-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Black women have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world, and depression is associated with both hypertension and lack of health promoting behaviors. Thus, it is important to identify factors that may contribute to depression in hypertensive women. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 80 black women ages 18-60 who were prescribed anti-hypertensive medication. Data were collected using self-report instruments. The study showed that lower income level, greater number of comorbidities, lower active coping scores, and poorer medication adherence were significantly associated with higher depression scores. These findings have important implications for the development of screening protocols and interventions for black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie M Abel
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, School of Nursing , Charlotte, North Carolina , USA
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40
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The influence of interscalene block technique on adverse hemodynamic events. J Anesth 2013; 28:407-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-013-1748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gartland N, O'Connor DB, Lawton R, Ferguson E. Investigating the effects of conscientiousness on daily stress, affect and physical symptom processes: a daily diary study. Br J Health Psychol 2013; 19:311-28. [PMID: 24237707 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher conscientiousness (C) predicts better health outcomes. Recent research suggests that stress may play an important role in explaining this relationship. The current study aimed to establish whether C moderates the relationship between daily hassle appraisals, daily affect, and physical symptoms. DESIGN AND METHODS A daily diary design was used, where participants (N = 103) completed a baseline measure of C followed by a 14-day daily diary, providing daily details of hassles (primary and secondary appraisals) experienced as well as positive and negative affect and physical symptoms. RESULTS Hierarchical linear modelling revealed that Total C (as well as two facets of C: Order and Industriousness) moderated the relationship between stress appraisals and positive affect. Specifically, the negative association between the daily appraisal of hassles as stressful (i.e., where perceived demands outweighed perceived resources) and positive affect was stronger for lower and average levels of C, Order, and Industriousness. No significant moderated effects were found for negative affect or physical symptoms. The Order facet was also found to be an important factor predicting attrition. CONCLUSIONS The current study provided evidence that C and two of its facets can moderate the relationship between hassle appraisal and positive affect. C may exert part of its influence on health by modifying the effects of daily stressors. STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION What is already known on this subject? Conscientiousness has a significant positive effect on longevity and health status. While the performance of health behaviours may partially account for this relationship, evidence suggests that it does not fully mediate the effect. Research has begun to look at stress as a possible additional explanatory variable, and there is evidence that Conscientiousness moderates the relationship between stress and health behaviours. What does this study add? Shows that Conscientiousness and two of its facets (Order and Industriousness) moderate the relationship between hassle appraisal and positive affect. Highlights the importance of studying lower order facets of personality in health research. Suggests that Conscientiousness may exert part of its influence on health by modifying the effects of daily stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gartland
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
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Aburizik A, Dindo L, Kaboli P, Charlton M, Dawn K, Turvey C. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a depression and disease management program delivered by phone. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:769-774. [PMID: 23871127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in medically ill patients occurs at twice the rate found in the general population. Though pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions for depression are effective, response to treatment and access to care are barriers for this population. A multidimensional telehealth intervention was designed to focus on these barriers by delivering a phone based intervention that addressed managing one's illness and coping emotionally. METHODS Veterans with diabetes, hypertension, or chronic pain and depressive symptoms were randomized to one of three conditions: Usual Care (n=23), Illness Management Only (n=31), or Combined Psychotherapy and Illness Management (n=29). Those randomized to the Combined or Illness Management Only intervention group received 10 phone visits. Veterans in the Combined group received all aspects of the illness management program plus a manualized depression intervention. Subjects completed assessments at baseline, week 5, and 10 to test the main hypothesis that veterans in the Combined condition would have a greater decline in depressive symptoms. RESULTS The Combined intervention yielded a significant decline in depressive symptoms when compared with Usual Care. However, the there was no significant difference between the Combined and Illness Management Only groups. LIMITATIONS This is a pilot study with a small sample size relative to a standard randomized controlled trial in psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS This telephone-based intervention succeeded in reducing depressive symptoms in veterans with chronic illness. It adds to the building evidence base for providing phone-delivered mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Aburizik
- VA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Central Region, Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, IA and the Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Center at the Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, United States
| | - Lilian Dindo
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Peter Kaboli
- VA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Central Region, Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, IA and the Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Center at the Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mary Charlton
- VA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Central Region, Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, IA and the Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Center at the Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Klein Dawn
- VA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Central Region, Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, IA and the Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Center at the Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Carolyn Turvey
- VA Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center-Central Region, Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City, IA and the Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Center at the Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Lande MB, Adams HR, Kupferman JC, Hooper SR, Szilagyi PG, Batisky DL. A multicenter study of neurocognition in children with hypertension: methods, challenges, and solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:353-62. [PMID: 23792121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive adults demonstrate decreased performance on neurocognitive testing compared with that of normotensive controls. There is now emerging, preliminary evidence that children with hypertension also manifest neurocognitive differences when compared with normotensive controls, findings postulated to potentially represent early signs of hypertensive target organ damage to the brain. However, reports in children to date have been limited to database and single-center studies. We have established an ongoing, prospective, multicenter study of neurocognition in children with primary hypertension. This article outlines the study methods, with particular attention to the unique challenges in this area of clinical research. We highlight aspects of the study design that are specifically designed as solutions to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B Lande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
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Gibson J, Stillman S, McKenzie D, Rohorua H. Natural experiment evidence on the effect of migration on blood pressure and hypertension. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2013; 22:655-672. [PMID: 22566369 DOI: 10.1002/hec.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Over 200 million people worldwide live outside their country of birth and typically experience large gains in material well-being by moving to where wages are higher. But, the effect of this migration on other dimensions of well-being such as health are less clear and existing evidence is ambiguous because of potential for self-selection bias. In this paper, we use a natural experiment, comparing successful and unsuccessful applicants to a migration lottery to experimentally estimate the impact of migration on measured blood pressure and hypertension. Hypertension is a leading global health problem, as well as being an important health measure that responds quickly to migration. We use various econometric estimators to form bounds on the treatment effects because there appears to be selective non-compliance in the natural experiment. Even with these bounds, the results suggest significant and persistent increases in blood pressure and hypertension, which are likely to have implications for future health budgets given recent increases in developing to developed country migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gibson
- Department of Economics, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Rydstedt LW, Johnsen SÅK, Lundh M, Devereux JJ. The Conceptual Roles of Negative and Positive Affectivity in the Stressor-Strain Relationship. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v9i1.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mwendwa DT, Ali MK, Sims RC, Cole AP, Lipscomb MW, Levy SA, Callender CO, Campbell AL. Dispositional depression and hostility are associated with inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease in African Americans. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:72-82. [PMID: 23123367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated that state depressive symptoms and hostility can modulate inflammatory immune responses and directly contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and development. Previous studies have not considered the contribution of dispositional depressive symptoms to the inflammatory process. They have also largely excluded African Americans, despite their disproportionate risk for CVD. The first aim of the study was to examine the impact of state and dispositional depression and hostility on CVD-associated inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in an African American sample. The second aim was to examine synergistic influences of hostility and state and dispositional depression on IL-6 and CRP. The final aim was to examine whether the relations between state and dispositional depression, hostility, IL-6, and CRP varied as a function of gender and education. Anthropometric measures, blood serum samples, and psychosocial data were collected from 198 African Americans from the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Hierarchical and stepwise regression analyses indicated that (1) increased levels of hostility were associated with increased levels of CRP; (2) hostility and IL-6 were more strongly associated among participants with lower educational attainment; and (3) dispositional depression and CRP were more strongly associated among participants with greater hostility and lower educational attainment. Findings suggest that enduring personality dispositions, such as dispositional depression and hostility, are critical to a thorough assessment of cardiovascular profiles in African Americans. Future studies should investigate causal pathways that link depressive and hostile personality styles to inflammatory activity for African American men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denee T Mwendwa
- Department of Psychology, Howard University, 525 Bryant Street, NW, Room N-179, CB Powell Building, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Violanti JM, Charles LE, Gu JK, Burchfiel CM, Andrew ME, Nedra Joseph P, Dorn JM. Depressive symptoms and carotid artery intima-media thickness in police officers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012. [PMID: 23184119 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Police work is a stressful occupation. Depressive symptoms, which may occur as a result of exposure to stressors in police work, have been known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between depressive symptoms and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) among police officers. METHODS CIMT was measured with B-mode carotid ultrasonography. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Analyses of variance and covariance were utilized to examine the mean values of common CIMT (CCA IMT) and maximum CIMT (MMXIMT) across quintiles of depressive symptoms. RESULTS Participants included 412 officers (mean age = 41 years). Hypertension status significantly modified the association between CES-D score and CIMT. The association between CES-D score and CCA IMT was statistically significant (adjusted P = 0.030) but only among officers without hypertension. The associations between CES-D score and MMXIMT were not significant among officers with or without hypertension. Our results also showed that among officers who reported poor sleep quality, mean levels of CCA IMT, and MMXIMT tended to increase as depressive symptoms increased. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms may be therefore be independently associated with CIMT, yet masked by hypertension. Even though sleep quality did not significantly modify the main association, our results also suggest that poor sleep quality may act synergistically with depressive symptoms to increase CIMT. Future prospective work would help to clarify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Violanti
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA,
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Lande MB, Kupferman JC, Adams HR. Neurocognitive alterations in hypertensive children and adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012; 14:353-9. [PMID: 22672088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive adults demonstrate performance deficits on neuropsychological testing compared with scores of normotensive controls. This article reviews emerging preliminary evidence that children with hypertension also manifest neurocognitive differences when compared with normotensive controls. Database and single-center studies suggest that children with hypertension manifest deficits on measures of neurocognition and have an increased prevalence of learning difficulties and that children with hypertension associated with obesity may be at increased risk for depression and anxiety. Studies suggesting blunted cerebrovascular reactivity in children with hypertension are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B Lande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Factores psicosociales implicados en el control de la hipertensión arterial. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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