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Kim SH, Chae SA. Promising candidate cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of seizure disorder, infection, inflammation, tumor, and traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:56-64. [PMID: 34425669 PMCID: PMC8841973 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a dynamic metabolically active body fluid that has many important roles and is commonly analyzed in pediatric patients, mainly to diagnose central nervous system infection and inflammation disorders. CSF components have been extensively evaluated as biomarkers of neurological disorders in adult patients. Circulating microRNAs in CSF are a promising class of biomarkers for various neurological diseases. Due to the complexity of pediatric neurological disorders and difficulty in acquiring CSF samples from pediatric patients, there are challenges in developing CSF biomarkers of pediatric neurological disorders. This review aimed to provide an overview of novel CSF biomarkers of seizure disorders, infection, inflammation, tumor, traumatic brain injuries, intraventricular hemorrhage, and congenital hydrocephalus exclusively observed in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seh Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Ahn Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Kim H, Lee JK. The effects of combined exercise program on several clinical parameters according to a MspI RFLP in ApoAII gene in obese middle-aged women. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Li W, Gelsinger S, Edwards A, Riehle C, Koch D. Changes in meta-transcriptome of rumen epimural microbial community and liver transcriptome in young calves with feed induced acidosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18967. [PMID: 31831817 PMCID: PMC6908691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The common management practices of dairy calves leads to increased starch concentration in feed, which subsequently may cause rumen acidosis while on milk and during weaning. Until recently, few attempts were undertaken to understand the health risks of prolonged ruminal acidosis in post weaning calves. Resultantly, the molecular changes in the digestive tracts in post-weaning calves with ruminal acidosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the liver transcriptome changes along with its correlation with the rumen microbial rRNA expression changes in young calves using our model of feed induced ruminal acidosis. In this model, new born calves were fed a highly processed, starch-rich diet starting from one week of age through 16 weeks. A total of eight calves were involved in this study. Four of them were fed the acidosis-inducing diet (Treated) and the rest of the four were fed a standard starter diet (Control). Liver and rumen epithelial tissues were collected at necropsy at 17 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses were carried out in the liver tissues and rRNA meta-transcriptome analysis were done using the rumen epithelial tissues. The correlation analysis was performed by comparing the liver mRNA expression with the rumen epithelial rRNA abundance at genus level. Calves with induced ruminal acidosis had significantly lower ruminal pH in comparison to the control group, in addition to significantly less weight-gain over the course of the experiment. In liver tissues, a total of 428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold-change, FC ≥ 1.5; adjusted P ≤ 0.1) were identified in treated group in comparison to control. Biological pathways enriched by these DEGs included cellular component organization, indicating the impact of ruminal acidosis on liver development in young calves. Specifically, the up-regulated genes were enriched in acute phase response (P < 0.01), pyruvate metabolic process (P < 0.01) and proton-acceptors (P ≪ 0.001), indicating the liver's response to feed induced acidosis at the transcriptome level. Twelve transferase activity related genes had significant correlation with rumen microbial rRNA expression changes. Among these genes, two up-regulated genes were reported with involvement in lipid metabolism in the liver, implying the direct effect of feed-induced acidosis on both the rumen microbial community and liver metabolism. Our study provides insight into the physiological remodeling in the liver resultant from the prolonged acidosis in post weaning calves, which may facilitate future RNA-seq based diagnosis and precision management of rumen acidosis in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA ARS, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Sonia Gelsinger
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrea Edwards
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA ARS, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christina Riehle
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Koch
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Zhong T, Zhang H, Duan X, Hu J, Wang L, Li L, Zhang H, Niu L. Anti-obesity effect of radix Angelica sinensis and candidate causative genes in transcriptome analyses of adipose tissues in high-fat diet-induced mice. Gene 2016; 599:92-98. [PMID: 27838456 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that radix Angelica sinensis (RAS) suppressed body weight and altered the expression of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene in mice with high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. In the present study we performed RNA sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-obesogenic effects of RAS in mice. The results revealed that 36 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in adipose tissues from the RAS supplementation group (DH) and control group (HC). These 36 DEGs were clustered into 297 functional gene ontology (GO) categories, among which several GO annotations and signaling pathways were associated with lipid homeostasis. Six out of the 36 DEGs were identified to be involved in lipid metabolism, with the APOA2 gene a potential anti-obesogenic influence. The expression pattern revealed by RNA-Seq was identical to the results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Therefore, RAS supplementation in HFD-induced obese mice was associated with an anti-obesogenic global transcriptomic response. This study provides insight into potential applications of RAS in obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyue Duan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Gillombardo CB, Darrah R, Dick TE, Moore M, Kong N, Decker MJ, Han F, Yamauchi M, Dutschmann M, Azzam S, Strohl KP. C57BL/6J mouse apolipoprotein A2 gene is deterministic for apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 235:88-94. [PMID: 27756649 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brainstem apolipoprotein AII (apoa2) mRNA expression correlates with apnea in breathing present in the adult C57Bl/6J (B6) sleep apnea model. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that the B6 apoa2 gene contributes to the trait, we performed plethysmographic testing in apoa2 knock out (KO: -/-) mice, an in situ brainstem-spinal cord preparation comparing KO to WT (+/+) mice, and B6xDBA recombinant inbred strains (RISs). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Apoa2 WT do, but KO and heterozygote (+/-) mice do not exhibit apnea during post-hypoxic breathing, measured in vivo. In the in situ model, pauses and instability in fictive phrenic bursting are substantially reduced in KO vs. WT preparations. In 24 RISs, apnea number in vivo was higher in strains with B6 apoa2 than with DBA apoa2 alleles. CONCLUSIONS The B6 apoa2 polymorphism is directly involved in breath production, and its identification suggests a novel pathway influencing risk for adult sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl B Gillombardo
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca Darrah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas E Dick
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael Moore
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nathan Kong
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael J Decker
- Francis Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fang Han
- People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sausan Azzam
- Department of Nutrition, Case School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kingman P Strohl
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Koohdani F, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Djalali M, Eshraghian M, Zamani E, Sotoudeh G, Mansournia MA, Keramat L. APO A2 -265T/C Polymorphism Is Associated with Increased Inflammatory Responses in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:222-9. [PMID: 27352253 PMCID: PMC4929226 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein A2 (APO A2) is the second most abundant structural apolipoprotein in high density lipoprotein. Several studies have examined the possible effect of APO A2 on atherosclerosis incidence. Due to the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, we aimed to determine the relationship between APO A2 -265T/C polymorphism and inflammation as a risk factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS In total, 180 T2DM patients, with known APO A2 -265T/C polymorphism, were recruited for this comparative study and were grouped equally based on their genotypes. Dietary intakes, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers (i.e., pentraxin 3 [PTX3], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], and interleukin 18) were measured. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, a chi-square test, and the analysis of covariance. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, in the entire study population and in the patients with or without obesity, the patients with the CC genotype showed higher hs-CRP (P=0.001, P=0.008, and P=0.01, respectively) and lower PTX3 (P=0.01, P=0.03, and P=0.04, respectively) in comparison with the T allele carriers. In the patients with the CC genotype, no significant differences were observed in the inflammatory markers between the obese or non-obese patients. However, regarding the T allele carriers, the plasma hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the non-obese patients (P=0.01). CONCLUSION In the T2DM patients, the CC genotype could be considered as a risk factor and the T allele as a protective agent against inflammation, which the latter effect might be impaired by obesity. Our results confirmed the anti-atherogenic effect of APO A2, though more studies are required to establish this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Keramat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Julve J, Martín-Campos JM, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F. Chylomicrons: Advances in biology, pathology, laboratory testing, and therapeutics. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:134-48. [PMID: 26868089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The adequate absorption of lipids is essential for all mammalian species due to their inability to synthesize some essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Chylomicrons (CMs) are large, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins that are produced in intestinal enterocytes in response to fat ingestion, which function to transport the ingested lipids to different tissues. In addition to the contribution of CMs to postprandial lipemia, their remnants, the degradation products following lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase, are linked to cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will focus on the structure-function and metabolism of CMs. Second, we will analyze the impact of gene defects reported to affect CM metabolism and, also, the role of CMs in other pathologies, such as atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Third, we will provide an overview of the laboratory tests currently used to study CM disorders, and, finally, we will highlight current treatments in diseases affecting CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesús M Martín-Campos
- Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut de Recerca de l'HSCSP - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Domínguez-Reyes T, Astudillo-López CC, Salgado-Goytia L, Muñoz-Valle JF, Salgado-Bernabé AB, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Castro-Alarcón N, Moreno-Godínez ME, Parra-Rojas I. Interaction of dietary fat intake with APOA2, APOA5 and LEPR polymorphisms and its relationship with obesity and dyslipidemia in young subjects. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:106. [PMID: 26365669 PMCID: PMC4568066 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is an important environmental factor that interacts with genes to modulate the likelihood of developing disorders in lipid metabolism and the relationship between diet and genes in the presence of other chronic diseases such as obesity. The objective of this study was to analyze the interaction of a high fat diet with the APOA2 (rs3813627 and rs5082), APOA5 (rs662799 and rs3135506) and LEPR (rs8179183 and rs1137101) polymorphisms and its relationship with obesity and dyslipidemia in young subjects. METHODS The study included 200 young subjects aged 18 to 25 years (100 normal-weight and 100 obese subjects). Dietary fat intake was measured using the frequency food consumption questionnaire. Genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Individuals carrying the APOA5 56 G/G genotype with a high saturated fatty acid consumption (OR = 2.7, p = 0.006) and/or total fat (OR = 2.4, p = 0.018), associated with an increased risk of obesity. We also found that A/G + G/G genotypes of the 668 A/G polymorphism in the LEPR gene with an intake ≥ 12 g/d of saturated fatty acids, have 2.9 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002), 3.8 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.002) and 2.4 times higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.02), than those with an intake <12 g/d of saturated fatty acids. Similarly, LEPR 668 A/G + G/G carriers with a high fat total intake had 3.0 times higher risk of obesity (p = 0.002) and 4.1 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that dietary fat intake modifies the effect of APOA5 and LEPR polymorphisms on serum triglycerides, cholesterol levels and obesity in young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Domínguez-Reyes
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Constanza C Astudillo-López
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Lorenzo Salgado-Goytia
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Aralia B Salgado-Bernabé
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Iris P Guzmán-Guzmán
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Natividad Castro-Alarcón
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Ma E Moreno-Godínez
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico.
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9
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Ascenzi P, Fanali G, Fasano M, Pallottini V, Trezza V. Clinical relevance of drug binding to plasma proteins. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Zaki ME, Amr KS, Abdel-Hamid M. Evaluating the association of APOA2 polymorphism with insulin resistance in adolescents. Meta Gene 2014; 2:366-73. [PMID: 25606421 PMCID: PMC4287816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 265T>C SNP in the APOA-II gene promoter may be associated with obesity risk and insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to analyze the association between the APOA2 − 265T>C SNP and risk for obesity and IR in adolescents. Material and methods The study was conducted on 500 adolescents. They were 240 obese and 260 non-obese individuals, aged 16–21 years old. Their mean age was 18.25 ± 2.54 years. Variables examined body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body fat percentage (BF%), and abdominal visceral fat layer. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a biomarker for IR. BF% was assessed by body composition analyzer and abdominal visceral fat thickness was determined by ultrasonography. The APOA2 − 265T>C polymorphism genotype was analyzed by PCR amplification of a 273-bp fragment. Results Genotype frequencies were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the mutant C allele was significantly higher in obese cases than non-obese cases. After multivariate adjustment, waist, BF%, visceral adipose layer and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in homozygous allele CC carriers than TT + TC carriers. Homozygous individuals for the CC allele had statistically higher values of energy intake, total fat (g/day) and saturated fat (SATFAT) than carriers of the T allele. Conclusions Homozygous individuals for the C allele had higher obesity risk than carriers of the T allele and had elevated levels of visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, the present study shows that the CC polymorphism is associated with the development of IR [OR 1.89 (1.35–2.91), P = .012] and remains significant after adjusting for gender, age and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Erfan Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Khalda Sayed Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
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11
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Sarkadi Nagy E, Martos É. Present and future of genotype-based personalized nutrition. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:771-7. [DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.29896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
After the completion of the Human Genome Project, the era of providing personalized dietary advice based on an individual’s genetic profile seemed near. Since then more than a decade has passed and the pace of development has been slower than expected. Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms which may determine susceptibility to multifactorial diseases is cheaper and more accessible than it was ten years ago. However, few of them are supported by such solid scientific evidence which would justify their use for personalized dietary advice. The future of genotype-based personalized nutrition depends on whether a sufficient amount of gene–diet-disease interactions are identified and scientifically confirmed. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(20), 771–777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Sarkadi Nagy
- Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Albert Flórián út 3/A 1097
| | - Éva Martos
- Országos Élelmezés- és Táplálkozástudományi Intézet Budapest Albert Flórián út 3/A 1097
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12
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APOA2 Polymorphism in Relation to Obesity and Lipid Metabolism. CHOLESTEROL 2013; 2013:289481. [PMID: 24382995 PMCID: PMC3872025 DOI: 10.1155/2013/289481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aims to analysis the relationship between c.-492T>C polymorphism in APOA2 gene and the risk for obesity in a sample of Egyptian adolescents and investigates its effect on body fat distribution and lipid metabolism. Material and Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 adolescents. They were 196 obese and 107 nonobese, aged 16–19 years old. Variables examined included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal visceral fat layer, and dietary intake. Abdominal visceral fat thickness was determined by ultrasonography. The polymorphism in the APOA2 c.-492T>C was analyzed by PCR amplification. Results. Genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the mutant C allele was significantly higher in obese cases compared to nonobese. After multivariate adjustment, waist, BF% and visceral adipose layer, food consumption, and HDL-C were significantly higher in homozygous allele CC carriers than TT+TC carriers. Conclusions. Homozygous individuals for the C allele had higher obesity risk than carriers of the T allele and had elevated levels of visceral adipose tissue and serum HDL-C. Moreover, the study shows association between the APOA2 c.-492T>C polymorphism and food consumption.
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Podzielinski I, Saunders BA, Kimbler KD, Branscum AJ, Fung ET, DePriest PD, van Nagell JR, Ueland FR, Baron AT. Apolipoprotein concentrations are elevated in malignant ovarian cyst fluids suggesting that lipoprotein metabolism is dysregulated in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:258-72. [PMID: 23627408 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.789896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SELDI-TOF MS analysis of ovarian cyst fluids revealed that peaks m/z 8696 and 8825 discriminate malignant, borderline, and benign tumors. These peaks correspond to isoforms of apoA2. ELISA demonstrates that apoA1, A2, B, C2, C3, and E cyst fluid concentrations are uncorrelated and higher in malignant ovarian tumors, but only apoA2, apoE, and age are independent classifiers of malignant ovarian tumors, yielding 55.1% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 88.1% accuracy to discern malignant from benign and borderline tumors. These data suggest that lipoprotein metabolism is dysregulated in ovarian cancer and that apoA2 and apoE warrant further investigation as ovarian tumor biomarkers.
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Corsetti JP, Bakker SJL, Sparks CE, Dullaart RPF. Apolipoprotein A-II influences apolipoprotein E-linked cardiovascular disease risk in women with high levels of HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39110. [PMID: 22723940 PMCID: PMC3377620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous report by our group, high levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) were demonstrated to be associated with risk of incident cardiovascular disease in women with high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the setting of both low (designated as HR1 subjects) and high (designated as HR2 subjects) levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). To assess whether apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) plays a role in apoE-associated risk in the two female groups. Methodology/Principal Outcome event mapping, a graphical data exploratory tool; Cox proportional hazards multivariable regression; and curve-fitting modeling were used to examine apoA-II influence on apoE-associated risk focusing on HDL particles with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) without apoA-II (LpA-I) and HDL particles with both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I:A-II). Results of outcome mappings as a function of apoE levels and the ratio of apoA-II to apoA-I revealed within each of the two populations, a high-risk subgroup characterized in each situation by high levels of apoE and additionally: in HR1, by a low value of the apoA-II/apoA-I ratio; and in HR2, by a moderate value of the apoA-II/apoA-I ratio. Furthermore, derived estimates of LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II levels revealed for high-risk versus remaining subjects: in HR1, higher levels of LpA-I and lower levels of LpA-I:A-II; and in HR2 the reverse, lower levels of LpA-I and higher levels of LpA-I:A-II. Results of multivariable risk modeling as a function of LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II (dichotomized as highest quartile versus combined three lower quartiles) revealed association of risk only for high levels of LpA-I:A-II in the HR2 subgroup (hazard ratio 5.31, 95% CI 1.12–25.17, p = 0.036). Furthermore, high LpA-I:A-II levels interacted with high apoE levels in establishing subgroup risk. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that apoA-II plays a significant role in apoE-associated risk of incident CVD in women with high levels of HDL-C and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Corsetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Kim SM, Park JS, Norwitz ER, Lee SM, Kim BJ, Park CW, Jun JK, Kim CW, Syn HC. Identification of proteomic biomarkers in maternal plasma in the early second trimester that predict the subsequent development of gestational diabetes. Reprod Sci 2011; 19:202-9. [PMID: 22101237 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111417889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study is designed to identify proteomic biomarkers that predict the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Maternal blood was obtained prospectively from healthy pregnant women in the early second trimester (16-20 weeks). Twelve women subsequently diagnosed with GDM at 24 to 28 weeks were selected as cases; an equal number of normoglycemic women as controls. Proteomic analysis of the previously stored plasma was performed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. RESULTS Three peaks (9122 Da, 9412 Da, and 9701 Da) that were increased in cases were characterized as isoforms of apolipoprotein CIII. Another discriminatory peak (17 105 Da) that was decreased in cases was matched to apolipoprotein AII. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed that women who subsequently developed GDM had significantly higher levels of apolipoprotein CIII than controls did. Levels of apolipoprotein AII failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that there already exist biomarkers in the maternal circulation at 16 to 20 weeks in women who subsequently develop GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kirk PDW, Witkover A, Courtney A, Lewin AM, Wait R, Stumpf MPH, Richardson S, Taylor GP, Bangham CRM. Plasma proteome analysis in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Retrovirology 2011; 8:81. [PMID: 21992623 PMCID: PMC3210102 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) causes a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM) which resembles chronic spinal forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathogenesis of HAM remains uncertain. To aid in the differential diagnosis of HAM and to identify pathogenetic mechanisms, we analysed the plasma proteome in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (ACs), patients with HAM, uninfected controls, and patients with MS. We used surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry to analyse the plasma proteome in 68 HTLV-1-infected individuals (in two non-overlapping sets, each comprising 17 patients with HAM and 17 ACs), 16 uninfected controls, and 11 patients with secondary progressive MS. Candidate biomarkers were identified by tandem Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Results The concentrations of three plasma proteins - high [β2-microglobulin], high [Calgranulin B], and low [apolipoprotein A2] - were specifically associated with HAM, independently of proviral load. The plasma [β2-microglobulin] was positively correlated with disease severity. Conclusions The results indicate that monocytes are activated by contact with activated endothelium in HAM. Using β2-microglobulin and Calgranulin B alone we derive a diagnostic algorithm that correctly classified the disease status (presence or absence of HAM) in 81% of HTLV-1-infected subjects in the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D W Kirk
- Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
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Corella D, Tai ES, Sorlí JV, Chew SK, Coltell O, Sotos-Prieto M, García-Rios A, Estruch R, Ordovas JM. Association between the APOA2 promoter polymorphism and body weight in Mediterranean and Asian populations: replication of a gene-saturated fat interaction. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:666-75. [PMID: 20975728 PMCID: PMC3030929 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The APOA2 gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in animal and human studies with controversial results. We have reported an APOA2-saturated fat interaction determining body mass index (BMI) and obesity in American populations. This work aims to extend our findings to European and Asian populations. METHODS Cross-sectional study in 4602 subjects from two independent populations: a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population (n = 907 men and women; aged 67 ± 6 years) and a multiethnic Asian population (n = 2506 Chinese, n = 605 Malays and n = 494 Asian Indians; aged 39 ± 12 years) participating in a Singapore National Health Survey. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, lifestyle and dietary variables were determined. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was used in Asians. We analyzed gene-diet interactions between the APOA2 -265T>C polymorphism and saturated fat intake (<or ≥ 22 g per day) on anthropometric measures and IR. RESULTS Frequency of CC (homozygous for the minor allele) subjects differed among populations (1-15%). We confirmed a recessive effect of the APOA2 polymorphism and replicated the APOA2-saturated fat interaction on body weight. In Mediterranean individuals, the CC genotype was associated with a 6.8% greater BMI in those consuming a high (P = 0.018), but not a low (P = 0.316) saturated fat diet. Likewise, the CC genotype was significantly associated with higher obesity prevalence in Chinese and Asian Indians only, with a high-saturated fat intake (P = 0.036). We also found a significant APOA2-saturated fat interaction in determining IR in Chinese and Asian Indians (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION The influence of the APOA2 -265T>C polymorphism on body-weight-related measures was modulated by saturated fat in Mediterranean and Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corella
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
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Vermaat J, van der Tweel I, Mehra N, Sleijfer S, Haanen J, Roodhart J, Engwegen J, Korse C, Langenberg M, Kruit W, Groenewegen G, Giles R, Schellens J, Beijnen J, Voest E. Two-protein signature of novel serological markers apolipoprotein-A2 and serum amyloid alpha predicts prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer and improves the currently used prognostic survival models. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1472-1481. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Koike T, Kitajima S, Yu Y, Li Y, Nishijima K, Liu E, Sun H, Waqar AB, Shibata N, Inoue T, Wang Y, Zhang B, Kobayashi J, Morimoto M, Saku K, Watanabe T, Fan J. Expression of Human ApoAII in Transgenic Rabbits Leads to Dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:2047-53. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.190264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Apolipoprotein AII (apoAII) is the second major apolipoprotein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, the physiological functions of apoAII in lipoprotein metabolism have not been fully elucidated.
Methods and Results—
We generated human apoAII transgenic (Tg) rabbits, a species that normally does not have an endogenous apoAII gene. Plasma levels of human apoAII in Tg rabbits were ≈30 mg/dL, similar to the plasma levels in healthy humans. The expression of human apoAII in Tg rabbits resulted in increased levels of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and phospholipids accompanied by a marked reduction in HDL-cholesterol levels compared with non-Tg littermates. Analysis of lipoprotein fractions showed that hyperlipidemia exhibited by Tg rabbits was caused by elevated levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoproteins. Furthermore, postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity significantly decreased in Tg rabbits compared with non-Tg rabbits.
Conclusions—
These results indicate that apoAII plays an important role in both VLDL and HDL metabolism, possibly through the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity. ApoAII Tg rabbits may become a new model for the study of human familial combined hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Koike
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Shuji Kitajima
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Ying Yu
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Ying Li
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Kazutoshi Nishijima
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Enqi Liu
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Huijun Sun
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Nobumitsu Shibata
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Tomoriho Inoue
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Yao Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Junji Kobayashi
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Masatoshi Morimoto
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Keijiro Saku
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Teruo Watanabe
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
| | - Jianglin Fan
- From the Department of Molecular Pathology (T.K., Y.Y., Y.L., A.B.W., N.S., T.I., Y.W., J.F.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Japan; the Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences (S.K., K.N.), Saga University, Japan; the Laboratory Animal Center (E.L.), Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; the Department of Pharmacology (H.S.), Dalian Medical University, China; the Department of Cardiology (B.Z., K.S.), Fukuoka
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Julve J, Escolà-Gil JC, Rotllan N, Fiévet C, Vallez E, de la Torre C, Ribas V, Sloan JH, Blanco-Vaca F. Human apolipoprotein A-II determines plasma triglycerides by regulating lipoprotein lipase activity and high-density lipoprotein proteome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:232-8. [PMID: 19910634 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.198226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein (apo) A-II is the second most abundant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein. We assessed the mechanism involved in the altered postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism of female human apoA-II-transgenic mice (hapoA-II-Tg mice), which results in up to an 11-fold increase in plasma triglyceride concentration. The relationships between apoA-II, HDL composition, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were also analyzed in a group of normolipidemic women. METHODS AND RESULTS Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein catabolism was decreased in hapoA-II-Tg mice compared to control mice. This suggests that hapoA-II, which was mainly associated with HDL during fasting and postprandially, impairs triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis. HDL isolated from hapoA-II-Tg mice impaired bovine LPL activity. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and immunonephelometry identified a marked deficiency in the HDL content of apoA-I, apoC-III, and apoE in these mice. In normolipidemic women, apoA-II concentration was directly correlated with plasma triglyceride and inversely correlated with the HDL-apoC-II+apoE/apoC-III ratio [corrected]. HDL-mediated induction of LPL activity was inversely correlated with apoA-II and directly correlated with the HDL-apoC-II+apoE/apoC-III ratio [corrected]. Purified hapoA-II displaced apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE from human HDL2. Human HDL3 was, compared to HDL2, enriched in apoA-II but poorer in apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE. CONCLUSIONS ApoA-II plays a crucial role in triglyceride catabolism by regulating LPL activity, at least in part, through HDL proteome modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Julve
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Perez-Gracia E, Blanco R, Carmona M, Carro E, Ferrer I. Oxidative stress damage and oxidative stress responses in the choroid plexus in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 118:497-504. [PMID: 19597827 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus homogenates from 27 cases with Alzheimer disease-related pathology (AD), stages I/0 (n = 5), III-IV/0-B (n = 15) and V-VI/B-C (n = 7) and 3 age-matched controls (no clinical symptoms, no neuropathological lesions) were processed for gel electrophoresis and western blotting for oxidation markers carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and N-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL). Increased CEL and CML expression was seen in AD cases stages IVB, and V-VI/B-C when compared to controls and cases with AD-related pathology classified as I/0 and III/0. Variable stress damage was seen in stage III/B. Although lower stages of AD did not show beta-amyloid deposition in the choroid plexus, the amount of beta-amyloid was very variable at stages V/VI as revealed by western blotting, suggesting that other factors in addition to local fibrillar beta-amyloid were associated with oxidative damage in the choroid plexus. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blotting to CEL and CML in combination with mass spectrometry disclosed increased intensity of variable spots in AD cases leading to the identification of tyrosine 3/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide, tropomyosin 3 isoform, and apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) as targets of increased oxidative damage in AD. Oxidation of these proteins may result in impaired protein interactions, protein folding and protein kinase activity; abnormal function of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells; and impaired HDL-cholesterol metabolism in the choroid plexus in advanced stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Perez-Gracia
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Institut Neuropatologia, CIBERNED, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Feixa LLarga sn, Barcelona, Spain
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Buxbaum JN. Animal models of human amyloidoses: are transgenic mice worth the time and trouble? FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2663-73. [PMID: 19627988 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The amyloidoses are the prototype gain of toxic function protein misfolding diseases. As such, several naturally occurring animal models and their inducible variants provided some of the first insights into these disorders of protein aggregation. With greater analytic knowledge and the increasing flexibility of transgenic and gene knockout technology, new models have been generated allowing the interrogation of phenomena that have not been approachable in more reductionist systems, i.e. behavioral readouts in the neurodegenerative diseases, interactions among organ systems in the transthyretin amyloidoses and taking pre-clinical therapeutic trials beyond cell culture. The current review describes the features of both transgenic and non-transgenic models and discusses issues that appear to be unresolved even when viewed in their organismal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Buxbaum
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Piodi A, Chouteau P, Lerat H, Hézode C, Pawlotsky JM. Morphological changes in intracellular lipid droplets induced by different hepatitis C virus genotype core sequences and relationship with steatosis. Hepatology 2008; 48:16-27. [PMID: 18570290 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular steatosis is common in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Steatosis can be considered as a true cytopathic lesion induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3, suggesting that one or more viral proteins produced during genotype 3 infection are involved in the steatogenic process, while the same proteins produced during infection by other genotypes are not. We examined in vitro interactions between lipid droplets and full-length core protein isolated from patients with HCV genotype 3a infection, with and without steatosis, and from steatosis-free patients infected by HCV genotype 1b. We also examined morphological changes in the lipid droplets according to the HCV genotype and the presence of steatosis in vivo. Core protein processing by signal peptide peptidase was not affected by sequence differences between the variants. We showed that the core protein of both HCV genotypes 1b and 3a binds tightly to the surface of intracellular lipid droplets. However, cells transfected with genotype 3a contain more neutral lipids in lipid droplets, and more large lipid droplets, than cells transfected with genotype 1b sequences. This suggests that HCV core protein-lipid droplet interaction could play a role in virus-induced steatosis. Importantly, we found no genetic or functional differences between genotype 3a core proteins from patients with and without HCV-induced steatosis. CONCLUSION This suggests that other viral proteins and/or host factors are involved in the development of hepatocellular steatosis in patients infected by HCV genotype 3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Piodi
- French National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and delta, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris 12, France
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Jimenez F, Tanaka T, Perez-Martinez P, Jimenez-Gomez Y, Marin C, Ruano J, Parnell L, Ordovas JM, Lopez-Miranda J. An apolipoprotein A-II polymorphism (-265T/C, rs5082) regulates postprandial response to a saturated fat overload in healthy men. J Nutr 2007; 137:2024-8. [PMID: 17709437 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.9.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-II is an apolipoprotein with an unknown role in lipid metabolism. It has been suggested that the presence of the less frequent allele of a single nucleotide polymorphism (Apo A-II -265T/C, rs5082) reduces the transcription rate of Apo A-II and enhances VLDL postprandial clearance in middle-aged men. To further investigate the role of Apo A-II -265T/C on lipid metabolism, we studied 88 normolipidemic young men. The participants were given a fatty meal containing 1 g fat and 7 mg cholesterol/kg weight and capsules containing 60,000 IU vitamin A (retinyl palmitate, 15.15 mg RE) per square meter body surface area. Postprandial lipemia was assessed during the 11 h following the meal. Total cholesterol (Chol) and triacylglycerols (TG) in plasma and TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL) (large TRL and small TRL) were measured, as well as HDL, Apo A-I, Apo B, Apo B-48, and Apo B-100. Postprandial responses were higher in the TT group than in carriers of the minor allele (CC/TC) for total TG in plasma (21.37% of change of area under curve, P = 0.014), large TRL-TG (24.75% change, P = 0.017) and small TRL-Chol (26.63% change, P = 0.003). Our work shows that carriers of the minor allele for Apo A-II -265T/C (CC/TC) have a lower postprandial response compared with TT homozygotes. This finding may partially explain the role of Apo A-II in lipid metabolism and can identify a population with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, as corresponds to the lower level of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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25
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Corella D, Arnett DK, Tsai MY, Kabagambe EK, Peacock JM, Hixson JE, Straka RJ, Province M, Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Borecki I, Ordovas JM. The -256T>C polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A-II gene promoter is associated with body mass index and food intake in the genetics of lipid lowering drugs and diet network study. Clin Chem 2007; 53:1144-52. [PMID: 17446329 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.084863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) plays an ambiguous role in lipid metabolism, obesity, and atherosclerosis. METHODS We studied the association between a functional APOA2 promoter polymorphism (-265T>C) and plasma lipids (fasting and postprandial), anthropometric variables, and food intake in 514 men and 564 women who participated in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study. We obtained fasting and postprandial (after consuming a high-fat meal) measures. We measured lipoprotein particle concentrations by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and estimated dietary intake by use of a validated questionnaire. RESULTS We observed recessive effects for this polymorphism that were homogeneous by sex. Individuals homozygous for the -265C allele had statistically higher body mass index (BMI) than did carriers of the T allele. Consistently, after multivariate adjustment, the odds ratio for obesity in CC individuals compared with T allele carriers was 1.70 (95% CI 1.02-2.80, P = 0.039). Interestingly, total energy intake in CC individuals was statistically higher [mean (SE) 9371 (497) vs 8456 (413) kJ/d, P = 0.005] than in T allele carriers. Likewise, total fat and protein intakes (expressed in grams per day) were statistically higher in CC individuals (P = 0.002 and P = 0.005, respectively). After adjustment for energy, percentage of carbohydrate intake was statistically lower in CC individuals. These associations remained statistically significant even after adjustment for BMI. We found no associations with fasting lipids and only some associations with HDL subfraction distribution in the postprandial state. CONCLUSIONS The -265T>C polymorphism is consistently associated with food consumption and obesity, suggesting a new role for APOA2 in regulating dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Corella
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HDL is a recognized negative risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases. Establishing the genetic determinants of HDL concentration and functions would add to the prediction of cardiovascular risk and point to the biochemical mechanisms underlying this risk. The present review focuses on various approaches to establish genetic determinants of the HDL concentration, structure and function. RECENT FINDINGS While many genes contribute to the HDL concentration and collectively account for half of the variability, polymorphism of individual candidate genes contributes little. There are strong interactions between environmental and genetic influences. Recent findings have confirmed that APOA1 and ABCA1 exert the strongest influence on HDL concentrations and risk of atherosclerosis. CETP and lipases also affect the HDL concentration and functionality, but their connection to the atherosclerosis risk is conditional on the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. SUMMARY Analysis of genetic determinants of HDL-cholesterol in patients with specific disease states or in response to the environmental condition may be a more accurate way to assess variations in HDL concentration. This may result in defining the rules of interaction between genetic and environmental factors and lead to understanding the mechanisms responsible for the variations in HDL concentration and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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van der Vleuten GM, Isaacs A, Hijmans A, van Duijn CM, Stalenhoef AFH, de Graaf J. The involvement of upstream stimulatory factor 1 in Dutch patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Res 2006; 48:193-200. [PMID: 17065663 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600184-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the upstream stimulatory factor 1 gene (USF1) was proposed as a candidate gene for familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). In this study, we examined the previously identified risk haplotype of USF1 with respect to FCH and its related phenotypes in 36 Dutch FCH families. The diagnosis of FCH was based on both the traditional diagnostic criteria and a nomogram. The two polymorphisms, USF1s1 and USF1s2, were in complete linkage disequilibrium. No association was found for the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with FCH defined by the nomogram (USF1s1, P = 0.53; USF1s2, P = 0.53), whereas suggestive associations were found when using the traditional diagnostic criteria for FCH (USF1s1, P = 0.08; USF1s2, P = 0.07). USF1 was associated with total cholesterol (USF1s1, P = 0.05; USF1s2, P = 0.04) and apolipoprotein B (USF1s1, P = 0.06; USF1s2, P = 0.04). Small dense LDL showed a suggestive association (USF1s1, P = 0.10; USF1s2, P = 0.09). The results from the haplotype analyses supported the results obtained for the individual SNPs. In conclusion, the previously identified risk haplotype of USF1 showed a suggestive association with FCH and contributed to the related lipid traits in our Dutch FCH families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerly M van der Vleuten
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Walker LC, Levine H, Mattson MP, Jucker M. Inducible proteopathies. Trends Neurosci 2006; 29:438-43. [PMID: 16806508 PMCID: PMC10725716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous degenerative diseases are characterized by the aberrant polymerization and accumulation of specific proteins. These proteopathies include neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and the prion diseases, in addition to diverse systemic disorders, particularly the amyloidoses. The prion diseases have been shown to be transmissible by an alternative conformation of the normal cellular prion protein. Other proteopathies have been thought to be non-transmissible, but there is growing evidence that some systemic and cerebral amyloidoses can be induced by exposure of susceptible hosts to cognate molecular templates. As we review here, the mechanistic similarities among these diseases provide unprecedented opportunities for elucidating the induction of protein misfolding and assembly in vivo, and for developing an integrated therapeutic approach to degenerative proteopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lary C Walker
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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29
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de Bont JM, den Boer ML, Reddingius RE, Jansen J, Passier M, van Schaik RHN, Kros JM, Sillevis Smitt PAE, Luider TH, Pieters R. Identification of Apolipoprotein A-II in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients by Protein Expression Profiling. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1501-9. [PMID: 16762995 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.069294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Our aim was to detect differences in protein expression profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from pediatric patients with and without brain tumors.Methods: We used surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and Q10 ProteinChip arrays to compare protein expression profiles of CSF from 32 pediatric brain tumor patients and 70 pediatric control patients. A protein with high discriminatory power was isolated and identified by subsequent anion-exchange and reversed-phase fractionation, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. The identity of the protein was confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results: Of the 247 detected protein peak clusters, 123 were differentially expressed between brain tumor and control patients with a false discovery rate of 1%. Double-loop classification analysis gave a mean prediction accuracy of 88% in discriminating brain tumor patients from control patients. From the 123 clusters, a highly overexpressed protein peak cluster in CSF from brain tumor patients was selected for further analysis and identified as apolipoprotein A-II. Apolipoprotein A-II expression in CSF was correlated with the CSF albumin concentration, suggesting that the overexpression of apolipoprotein A-II is related to a disrupted blood–brain barrier.Conclusions: SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry can be successfully used to find differentially expressed proteins in CSF of pediatric brain tumor and control patients. Apolipoprotein A-II is highly overexpressed in CSF of pediatric brain tumor patients, which most likely is related to a disrupted blood–brain barrier. Ongoing studies are aimed at finding subtype specific proteins in larger groups of pediatric brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M de Bont
- Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Simard M, Provost PR, Tremblay Y. Sexually dimorphic gene expression that overlaps maturation of type II pneumonocytes in fetal mouse lungs. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 4:25. [PMID: 16674826 PMCID: PMC1513230 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human, respiratory distress of the neonates, which occurs in prematurity, is prevalent in male. Late in gestation, maturation of type II pneumonocytes, and consequently the surge of surfactant synthesis are delayed in male fetuses compared with female fetuses. Although the presence of higher levels of androgens in male fetuses is thought to explain this sex difference, the identity of genes involved in lung maturation that are differentially modulated according to fetal sex is unknown. We have studied the sex difference in developing mouse lung by gene profiling during a three-day gestational window preceding and including the emergence of mature PTII cells (the surge of surfactant synthesis in the mouse occurs on GD 17.5). METHODS Total RNA was extracted from lungs of male and female fetal mice (gestation days 15.5, 16.5, and 17.5), converted to cRNA, labeled with biotin, and hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix MOE430A). Analysis of data was performed using MAS5.0, LFCM and Genesis softwares. RESULTS Many genes involved in lung maturation were expressed with no sex difference. Of the approximative 14,000 transcripts covered by the arrays, only 83 genes presented a sex difference at one or more time points between GDs 15.5 and 17.5. They include genes involved in hormone metabolism and regulation (i.e. steroidogenesis pathways), apoptosis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and lipid metabolism with four apolipoprotein genes. Genes involved in immune functions and other metabolisms also displayed a sex difference. CONCLUSION Among these sexually dimorphic genes, some may be candidates for a role in lung maturation. Indeed, on GD 17.5, the sex difference in surfactant lipids correlates with the sex difference in pulmonary expression of apolipoprotein genes, which are involved in lipid transport. This suggests a role for these genes in the surge of surfactant synthesis. Our results would help to identify novel genes involved in the physiopathology of the respiratory distress of the neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Simard
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Reproduction, CHUQ, PCHUL, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre R Provost
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Reproduction, CHUQ, PCHUL, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Ob/Gyn Department, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Tremblay
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Reproduction, CHUQ, PCHUL, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Ob/Gyn Department, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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31
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Su Z, Li Y, James JC, Matsumoto AH, Helm GA, Lusis AJ, Shi W. Genetic linkage of hyperglycemia, body weight and serum amyloid-P in an intercross between C57BL/6 and C3H apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:1650-8. [PMID: 16595606 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are integral components of the metabolic perturbations in type 2 diabetes. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice develop severe hyperlipidemia and significant hyperglycemia when fed a western diet containing 21% fat (w/w), 0.15% cholesterol and 19.5% casein. Using an intercross between C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) apoE(-/-) mice, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to identify loci contributing to hyperglycemia and associated traits. Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin and serum amyloid-P (SAP) and body weight in 234 female F2 mice were measured after being fed the western diet for 12 weeks. QTL analysis revealed one significant QTL, named Bglu3 [95.8 cM, logarithm of odds ratio (OR)(LOD) 4.1], on chromosome 1 and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 9 (38 cM, LOD 2.3) that influenced plasma glucose levels. Bglu3 coincided with loci on distal chromosomal 1 that had a major influence on plasma SAP levels and body weight. Significant correlations between plasma glucose, SAP and body weight were observed in F2 mice. Thus, these results demonstrate genetic linkages of hyperglycemia and body weight with SAP, a marker of the acute-phase response, in hyperlipidemic apoE(-/-) mice and suggest a probability for the Sap gene to be a positional candidate of Bglu3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Su
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22908, USA
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32
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Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) constitutes a substantial risk factor for atherosclerosis since it is observed in about 20% of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients under 60 years. FCHL, characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs), or both, is also one of the most common familial hyperlipidemias with a prevalence of 1%-6% in Western populations. Numerous studies have been performed to identify genes contributing to FCHL. The recent linkage and association studies and their replications are beginning to elucidate the genetic variations underlying the susceptibility to FCHL. Three chromosomal regions on 1q21-23, 11p and 16q22-24.1 have been replicated in different study samples, offering targets for gene hunting. In addition, several candidate gene studies have replicated the influence of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and apolipoprotein A1/C3/A4/A5 (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) gene cluster in FCHL. Recently, the linked region on chromosome 1q21 was successfully fine-mapped and the upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) gene identified as the underlying gene for FCHL. This finding has now been replicated in independent FCHL samples. However, the total number of variants, the risk related to each variant and their relative contributions to the disease susceptibility are not known yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Suviolahti
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, USA
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33
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Puppione DL, Whitelegge JP, Yam LM, Bassilian S, Schumaker VN, MacDonald MH. Mass spectral analysis of domestic and wild equine apoA-I and A-II: Detection of unique dimeric forms of apoA-II. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 142:369-73. [PMID: 16230041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In pigs, humans, chimpanzees and probably other great apes, a cysteine at residue 6 enables apolipoprotein A-II to form a homodimer. However, the apoA-IIs of other primates, lacking a cysteine residue, are monomeric. We have already reported that horse apoA-IIs form homodimers due also to a cysteine at residue 6. In this study, we wanted to determine whether other equine apoA-IIs might be monomeric. The high density lipoproteins were ultracentrifugally isolated from the plasmas of a horse (Equus caballus), a donkey (Equus asinus) and five wild equines: two types of zebras (Equus zebra hartmannae and Equus zebra quagga boehmi), a Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii), a Somali ass (Equus africanus somalicus) and a kiang (Equus kiang holdereri). Using liquid chromatography with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, we were able to obtain accurate values for the molecular masses of apoA-I and apoA-II. Homodimeric apoA-IIs were observed in each of the animals studied. The donkey had unique dimers, consisting of the proapolipoprotein A-II linked by a disulfide bond either to a mature apoA-II monomer or another proapoA-II. In addition, our data indicate that small amounts of apoA-I and apoA-II apparently are acylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Puppione
- The Molecular Biology Institute and The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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34
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Ribas V, Palomer X, Roglans N, Rotllan N, Fievet C, Tailleux A, Julve J, Laguna JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC. Paradoxical exacerbation of combined hyperlipidemia in human apolipoprotein A-II transgenic mice treated with fenofibrate. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2005; 1737:130-7. [PMID: 16226489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) A-II has been biochemically and genetically linked to familial combined hyperlipidemia. Human ApoA-II transgenic mice and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-deficient mice share some similar phenotypic characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine whether a fibrate-induced PPARalpha activation corrects the combined hyperlipidemia present in human apoA-II transgenic mice. ApoA-II transgenic mice were treated with fenofibrate (250 mg/kg) for 13 days. After this period, they presented a remarkable 8-fold increase in plasma triglycerides. This was concomitant with a 4-fold increase in non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, a quantitatively similar decrease in HDL cholesterol and a severe reduction in mouse plasma apoA-I and apoA-II. Fenofibrate stimulated liver fatty acid beta-oxidation, increased the transcriptional expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and phospholipid transfer protein, and decreased expression of apoA-I and apoC-III. However, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride production and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities and the expression of other PPARalpha target genes were similar in mice treated with vehicle and fenofibrate. Further, fenofibrate-treated mice presented decreased in vivo [3H]VLDL catabolism and decreased VLDL-triglyceride hydrolysis by exogenous LPL. Therefore, the paradoxical enhancement of hyperlipidemia in fenofibrate-treated apoA-II transgenic mice is mainly due to decreased VLDL catabolism and, also, to a partial impairment in PPARalpha-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Ribas
- Servei de Bioquímica i Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Rotllan N, Ribas V, Calpe-Berdiel L, Martín-Campos JM, Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC. Overexpression of Human Apolipoprotein A-II in Transgenic Mice Does Not Impair Macrophage-Specific Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:e128-32. [PMID: 15994442 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000175760.28378.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Overexpression of human apolipoprotein (apo) A-II in transgenic mice induces high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency, and increased atherosclerosis susceptibility only when fed an atherogenic diet. This may, in part, be caused by impairment in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).
Methods and Results—
[
3
H]cholesterol-labeled macrophages were injected intraperitoneally into mice maintained on a chow diet or an atherogenic diet. Plasma [
3
H]cholesterol did not differ from human apoA-II transgenic and control mice at 24 or 48 hours after the label injection. On the chow diet, human apoA-II transgenic mice presented increased [
3
H]cholesterol in liver (1.3-fold) and feces (6-fold) compared with control mice (
P
<0.05). The magnitude of macrophage-specific RCT did not differ between transgenic and control mice fed the atherogenic diet.
Conclusions—
Human apoA-II maintains effective RCT from macrophages to feces in vivo despite an HDL deficiency. These findings suggest that the increased atherosclerotic lesions observed in apoA-II transgenic mice fed an atherogenic diet are not caused by impairment in macrophage-specific RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Rotllan
- Servei de Bioquímica, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Ribas V, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Antón R, Camacho M, Julve J, Escolà-Gil JC, Vila L, Ordóñez-Llanos J, Blanco-Vaca F. Human Apolipoprotein A-II Enrichment Displaces Paraoxonase From HDL and Impairs Its Antioxidant Properties. Circ Res 2004; 95:789-97. [PMID: 15388641 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000146031.94850.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II), the second major high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein, has been linked to familial combined hyperlipidemia. Human apoA-II transgenic mice constitute an animal model for this proatherogenic disease. We studied the ability of human apoA-II transgenic mice HDL to protect against oxidative modification of apoB-containing lipoproteins. When challenged with an atherogenic diet, antigens related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were markedly increased in the aorta of 11.1 transgenic mice (high human apoA-II expressor). HDL from control mice and 11.1 transgenic mice were coincubated with autologous very LDL (VLDL) or LDL, or with human LDL under oxidative conditions. The degree of oxidative modification of apoB lipoproteins was then evaluated by measuring relative electrophoretic mobility, dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid content, and conjugated diene kinetics. In all these different approaches, and in contrast to control mice, HDL from 11.1 transgenic mice failed to protect LDL from oxidative modification. A decreased content of apoA-I, paraoxonase (PON1), and platelet-activated factor acetyl-hydrolase activities was found in HDL of 11.1 transgenic mice. Liver gene expression of these HDL-associated proteins did not differ from that of control mice. In contrast, incubation of isolated human apoA-II with control mouse plasma at 37°C decreased PON1 activity and displaced the enzyme from HDL. Thus, overexpression of human apoA-II in mice impairs the ability of HDL to protect apoB-containing lipoproteins from oxidation. Further, the displacement of PON1 by apoA-II could explain in part why PON1 is mostly found in HDL particles with apoA-I and without apoA-II, as well as the poor antiatherogenic properties of apoA-II–rich HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Ribas
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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