1
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Jeong KH, Zhu J, Park S, Kim WJ. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 6 Modulates Aberrant Axonal Sprouting in a Mouse Model of Pilocarpine-Induced Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2839-2853. [PMID: 37940780 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) is a highly selective calcium-ion channel that belongs to the TRPV family. TRPV6 is widely distributed in the brain, but its role in neurological diseases such as epilepsy remains unknown. Here, we report for the first time that TRPV6 expression is upregulated in the hippocampus of a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model, mainly in the suprapyramidal bundle of the mossy fiber (MF) projection of the hippocampal CA3 regions. We found that TRPV6 overexpression via viral vector transduction attenuated abnormal MF sprouting (MFS), whereas TRPV6 knockdown aggravated the development of MFS and the incidence of recurrent seizures during epileptogenic progression. In the in vitro experiments, our results showed that modulation of TRPV6 expression resulted in a change in axonal formation in cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, we found that TRPV6 was implicated in the regulation of Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3-β activity, which is closely related to the cellular mechanism of axonal outgrowth. Therefore, these findings suggest that TRPV6 may regulate the formation of aberrant synaptic circuits during epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hoon Jeong
- Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Liu W, Deng W, Hu L, Zou H. Advances in TRPV6 inhibitors for tumors by targeted therapies: Macromolecular proteins, synthetic small molecule compounds, and natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116379. [PMID: 38588625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
TRPV6, a Ca2+-selective member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family, plays a key role in extracellular calcium transport, calcium ion reuptake, and maintenance of a local low calcium environment. An increasing number of studies have shown that TRPV6 is involved in the regulation of various diseases. Notably, overexpression of TRPV6 is closely related to the occurrence of various cancers. Research confirmed that knocking down TRPV6 could effectively reduce the proliferation and invasiveness of tumors by mainly mediating the calcium signaling pathway. Hence, TRPV6 has become a promising new drug target for numerous tumor treatments. However, the development of TRPV6 inhibitors is still in the early stage, and the existing TRPV6 inhibitors have poor selectivity and off-target effects. In this review, we focus on summarizing and describing the structure characters, and mechanisms of existing TRPV6 inhibitors to provide new ideas and directions for the development of novel TRPV6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Hui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
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3
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Hu W, Pei Z, Xia A, Jiang Y, Yang B, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus helveticus-Derived Whey-Calcium Chelate Promotes Calcium Absorption and Bone Health of Rats Fed a Low-Calcium Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1127. [PMID: 38674818 PMCID: PMC11053418 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the characteristics of Lactobacillus helveticus-derived whey-calcium chelate (LHWCC) and its effect on the calcium absorption and bone health of rats. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that carboxyl oxygen atoms, amino nitrogen atoms, and phosphate ions were the major binding sites with calcium in LHWCC, which has a sustained release effect in simulated in vitro digestion. LHWCC had beneficial effects on serum biochemical parameters, bone biomechanics, and the morphological indexes of the bones of calcium-deficient rats when fed at a dose of 40 mg Ca/kg BW for 7 weeks. In contrast to the inorganic calcium supplement, LHWCC significantly upregulated the gene expression of transient receptor potential cation V5 (TRPV5), TRPV6, PepT1, calcium-binding protein-D9k (Calbindin-D9k), and a calcium pump (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase, PMCA1b), leading to promotion of the calcium absorption rate, whereas Ca3(PO4)2 only upregulated the TRPV6 channel in vivo. These findings illustrate the potential of LHWCC as an organic calcium supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiwen Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Aonan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.H.); (Z.P.); (A.X.); (Y.J.); (B.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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4
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Sinclair-Black M, Garcia-Mejia RA, Blair LR, Angel R, Arbe X, Cavero D, Ellestad LE. Circadian regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis during the oviposition cycle in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103209. [PMID: 38052129 PMCID: PMC10746567 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in laying hens is crucial for preservation of skeletal integrity and eggshell quality, though physiological regulation of these systems is incompletely defined. To investigate changes in mineral and vitamin D3 homeostasis during the 24-h egg formation cycle, 32-wk-old commercial laying hens were sampled at 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 15, 18, 21, 23, and 24 h post-oviposition (HPOP; n ≥ 4). Ovum location and egg calcification stage were recorded, and blood chemistry, plasma vitamin D3 metabolites, circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH), and expression of genes mediating uptake and utilization of calcium and phosphorus were evaluated. Elevated levels of renal 25-hydroxylase from 12 to 23 HPOP suggest this tissue might play a role in vitamin D3 25-hydroxylation during eggshell calcification. In shell gland, retinoid-x-receptor gamma upregulation between 6 and 8 HPOP followed by subsequently increased vitamin D receptor indicate that vitamin D3 signaling is important for eggshell calcification. Increased expression of PTH, calcitonin, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) receptors in the shell gland between 18 and 24 HPOP suggest elevated sensitivity to these hormones toward the end of eggshell calcification. Shell gland sodium-calcium exchanger 1 was upregulated between 4 and 7 HPOP and plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 increased throughout eggshell calcification, suggesting the primary calcium transporter may differ according to eggshell calcification stage. Expression in shell gland further indicated that bicarbonate synthesis precedes transport, where genes peaked at 6 to 7 and 12 to 18 HPOP, respectively. Inorganic phosphorus transporter 1 (PiT-1) expression peaked in kidney between 12 and 15 HPOP, likely to excrete excess circulating phosphorus, and in shell gland between 18 and 21 HPOP. Upregulation of FGF23 receptors and PiT-1 during late eggshell calcification suggest shell gland phosphorus uptake is important at this time. Together, these findings identified potentially novel hormonal pathways involved in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis along with associated circadian patterns in gene expression that can be used to devise strategies aimed at improving eggshell and skeletal strength in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lyssa R Blair
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Roselina Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | | | - Laura E Ellestad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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5
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Yang JL, Chen S, Xi JF, Lin XY, Xue RY, Ma LQ, Zhou D, Li HB. Sex-dependent effects of rice cadmium exposure on body weight, gut microflora, and kidney metabolomics based on a mouse model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168498. [PMID: 37952668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of cadmium (Cd) contaminated rice is the main dietary source of Cd exposure and toxicity. To protect humans from Cd toxicity, it is pivotal to fully understand the sex-dependent toxicity of subchronic rice-Cd exposure. However, the sex-dependent effects of subchronic rice-Cd exposure on body weight gain, gut microflora, and kidney metabolomics are still unclear. In this study, a Cd-free and a Cd-contaminated rice (0.005 and 0.74 mg Cd kg-1) were fed to both female and male mice for one month, with changes in body weight gain, Cd accumulation in tissue, bone mineral concentration, expression of intestinal channels involving in Cd and calcium (Ca) absorption, gut microbiota, and kidney metabolites assessed for both genders. Results showed that female mice had normal body weight gain after rice-Cd exposure, while body weight of male mice was decreased from 19.8 to 17.5 g over the one-month consumption of the Cd-contaminated rice (0.74 mg kg-1), suggesting specific toxicity on growth of male mice. Rice-Cd exposure had limited effects on gut microbiota for both genders. However, higher Cd accumulation in liver and femur was observed in male mice than in females, which may be due to higher intestinal expression of Ca channels involving in intestinal Cd absorption in male mice with rice-Cd exposure. Greater risk of osteoporosis was also observed in male mice. In addition, kidney metabolomic profiling showed special disruption of adrenocortical hormone homeostasis for male mice with rice-Cd exposure. Particularly, expression of cortisol in kidneys of male mice was elevated 37.1-fold with rice-Cd exposure, likely resulting in Cushing's syndrome and contributing to growth retardation. This study advances our understanding of the sex-dependent toxicity of rice-Cd exposure, and highlights the priority of protecting males from the adrenocortical hormone disrupting effects of rice-Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin-Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong-Yue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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6
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Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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7
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Chmiel JA, Stuivenberg GA, Al KF, Akouris PP, Razvi H, Burton JP, Bjazevic J. Vitamins as regulators of calcium-containing kidney stones - new perspectives on the role of the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:615-637. [PMID: 37161031 PMCID: PMC10169205 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B6, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded. Understanding how the microbiota influences host vitamin regulation could help to determine the role of vitamins in stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerrit A Stuivenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kait F Al
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polycronis P Akouris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bjazevic
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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8
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Cazorla-Vázquez S, Kösters P, Bertz S, Pfister F, Daniel C, Dedden M, Zundler S, Jobst-Schwan T, Amann K, Engel FB. Adhesion GPCR Gpr126 (Adgrg6) Expression Profiling in Zebrafish, Mouse, and Human Kidney. Cells 2023; 12:1988. [PMID: 37566066 PMCID: PMC10417176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) comprise the second-largest class of GPCRs, the most common target for approved pharmacological therapies. aGPCRs play an important role in development and disease and have recently been associated with the kidney. Several aGPCRs are expressed in the kidney and some aGPCRs are either required for kidney development or their expression level is altered in diseased kidneys. Yet, general aGPCR function and their physiological role in the kidney are poorly understood. Here, we characterize in detail Gpr126 (Adgrg6) expression based on RNAscope® technology in zebrafish, mice, and humans during kidney development in adults. Gpr126 expression is enriched in the epithelial linage during nephrogenesis and persists in the adult kidney in parietal epithelial cells, collecting ducts, and urothelium. Single-cell RNAseq analysis shows that gpr126 expression is detected in zebrafish in a distinct ionocyte sub-population. It is co-detected selectively with slc9a3.2, slc4a4a, and trpv6, known to be involved in apical acid secretion, buffering blood or intracellular pH, and to maintain high cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, respectively. Furthermore, gpr126-expressing cells were enriched in the expression of potassium transporter kcnj1a.1 and gcm2, which regulate the expression of a calcium sensor receptor. Notably, the expression patterns of Trpv6, Kcnj1a.1, and Gpr126 in mouse kidneys are highly similar. Collectively, our approach permits a detailed insight into the spatio-temporal expression of Gpr126 and provides a basis to elucidate a possible role of Gpr126 in kidney physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cazorla-Vázquez
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kösters
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
| | - Simone Bertz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Frederick Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Mark Dedden
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.P.); (C.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Felix B. Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.C.-V.); (P.K.)
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9
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Djulejic V, Petrovic B, Jevtic J, Vujacic M, Clarke BL, Cirovic A, Cirovic A. The role of cadmium in the pathogenesis of myeloid leukemia in individuals with anemia, deficiencies in vitamin D, zinc, and low calcium dietary intake. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127263. [PMID: 37499549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, vitamin D deficiency and low calcium diet are frequent health problems with severe long- term consequences. Upon absorption from the duodenum, cadmium binds to transferrin, and cells with the highest density of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) take up the majority of the circulating cadmium. Nowadays, it is clear that individuals with iron deficiency anemia have increased blood levels of cadmium because of higher absorption rate, mediated by divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). However, the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 6 (TRPV6), known as a calcium carrier, is able to bind and transport cadmium as well. In the case of low calcium diet or vitamin D deficiency, TRPV6 may be overexpressed in the intestine and kidney tubules and absorbs (re-uptake in the case of renal tubules) cadmium in larger quantities, resulting in an increased cadmium blood levels. We speculate that the final event in the case of low calcium dietary diet and/or vitamin D deficiency is similar to what is observed in the case of iron deficiency, that cells with the highest levels of TfR1 (for example, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors and pro-erythroblasts) take up most of the circulating cadmium, which is powerful malignancy inductor, leading to appearance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Djulejic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Petrovic
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Mihaila Avramovića 28, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Jevtic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Vujacic
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", Mihaila Avramovića 28, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bart L Clarke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ana Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cirovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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10
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Al-Bataineh MM, Kinlough CL, Marciszyn A, Lam T, Ye L, Kidd K, Maggiore JC, Poland PA, Kmoch S, Bleyer A, Bain DJ, Montalbetti N, Kleyman TR, Hughey RP, Ray EC. Influence of glycoprotein MUC1 on trafficking of the Ca 2+-selective ion channels, TRPV5 and TRPV6, and on in vivo calcium homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102925. [PMID: 36682497 PMCID: PMC9996365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism of the gene encoding mucin 1 (MUC1) is associated with skeletal and dental phenotypes in human genomic studies. Animals lacking MUC1 exhibit mild reduction in bone density. These phenotypes could be a consequence of modulation of bodily Ca homeostasis by MUC1, as suggested by the previous observation that MUC1 enhances cell surface expression of the Ca2+-selective channel, TRPV5, in cultured unpolarized cells. Using biotinylation of cell surface proteins, we asked whether MUC1 influences endocytosis of TRPV5 and another Ca2+-selective TRP channel, TRPV6, in cultured polarized epithelial cells. Our results indicate that MUC1 reduces endocytosis of both channels, enhancing cell surface expression. Further, we found that mice lacking MUC1 lose apical localization of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in the renal tubular and duodenal epithelium. Females, but not males, lacking MUC1 exhibit reduced blood Ca2+. However, mice lacking MUC1 exhibited no differences in basal urinary Ca excretion or Ca retention in response to PTH receptor signaling, suggesting compensation by transport mechanisms independent of TRPV5 and TRPV6. Finally, humans with autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to frame-shift mutation of MUC1 (ADTKD-MUC1) exhibit reduced plasma Ca concentrations compared to control individuals with mutations in the gene encoding uromodulin (ADTKD-UMOD), consistent with MUC1 haploinsufficiency causing reduced bodily Ca2+. In summary, our results provide further insight into the role of MUC1 in Ca2+-selective TRP channel endocytosis and the overall effects on Ca concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Al-Bataineh
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol L Kinlough
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison Marciszyn
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tracey Lam
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorena Ye
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kendrah Kidd
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph C Maggiore
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul A Poland
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Bleyer
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel J Bain
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca P Hughey
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Evan C Ray
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Expression of phosphate and calcium transporters and their regulators in parotid glands of mice. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:203-216. [PMID: 36274099 PMCID: PMC9849193 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in plasma is under hormonal control, with deviations from normal values promptly corrected to avoid hyper- or hypophosphatemia. Major regulators include parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), and active vitamin D3 (calcitriol). This control is achieved by mechanisms largely dependent on regulating intestinal absorption and renal excretion, whose combined actions stabilise plasma Pi levels at around 1-2 mM. Instead, Pi concentrations up to 13 and 40 mM have been measured in saliva from humans and ruminants, respectively, suggesting that salivary glands have the capacity to concentrate Pi. Here we analysed the transcriptome of parotid glands, ileum, and kidneys of mice, to investigate their potential differences regarding the expression of genes responsible for epithelial transport of Pi as well as their known regulators. Given that Pi and Ca2+ homeostasis are tightly connected, the expression of genes involved in Ca2+ homeostasis was also included. In addition, we studied the effect of vitamin D3 treatment on the expression of Pi and Ca2+ regulating genes in the three major salivary glands. We found that parotid glands are equipped preferentially with Slc20 rather than with Slc34 Na+/Pi cotransporters, are suited to transport Ca2+ through the transcellular and paracellular route and are potential targets for PTH and vitamin D3 regulation.
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12
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Walker V, Vuister GW. Biochemistry and pathophysiology of the Transient Potential Receptor Vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) calcium channel. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 113:43-100. [PMID: 36858649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TRPV6 is a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) cation channel with high selectivity for Ca2+ ions. First identified in 1999 in a search for the gene which mediates intestinal Ca2+ absorption, its far more extensive repertoire as a guardian of intracellular Ca2+ has since become apparent. Studies on TRPV6-deficient mice demonstrated additional important roles in placental Ca2+ transport, fetal bone development and male fertility. The first reports of inherited deficiency in newborn babies appeared in 2018, revealing its physiological importance in humans. There is currently strong evidence that TRPV6 also contributes to the pathogenesis of some common cancers. The recently reported association of TRPV6 deficiency with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis suggests a role in normal pancreatic function. Over time and with greater awareness of TRPV6, other disease-associations are likely to emerge. Powerful analytical tools have provided invaluable insights into the structure and operation of TRPV6. Its roles in Ca2+ signaling and carcinogenesis, and the use of channel inhibitors in cancer treatment are being intensively investigated. This review first briefly describes the biochemistry and physiology of the channel, and analytical methods used to investigate these. The focus subsequently shifts to the clinical disorders associated with abnormal expression and the underlying pathophysiology. The aims of this review are to increase awareness of this channel, and to draw together findings from a wide range of sources which may help to formulate new ideas for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Geerten W Vuister
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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13
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Mary S, Boder P, Padmanabhan S, McBride MW, Graham D, Delles C, Dominiczak AF. Role of Uromodulin in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2022; 79:2419-2429. [PMID: 36378920 PMCID: PMC9553220 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The exclusive expression of uromodulin in the kidneys has made it an intriguing protein in kidney and cardiovascular research. Genome-wide association studies discovered variants of uromodulin that are associated with chronic kidney diseases and hypertension. Urinary and circulating uromodulin levels reflect kidney and cardiovascular health as well as overall mortality. More recently, Mendelian randomization studies have shown that genetically driven levels of uromodulin have a causal and adverse effect on kidney function. On a mechanistic level, salt sensitivity is an important factor in the pathophysiology of hypertension, and uromodulin is involved in salt reabsorption via the NKCC2 (Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter) on epithelial cells of the ascending limb of loop of Henle. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted physiology and pathophysiology of uromodulin including recent advances in its genetics; cellular trafficking; and mechanistic and clinical studies undertaken to understand the complex relationship between uromodulin, blood pressure, and kidney function. We focus on tubular sodium reabsorption as one of the best understood and pathophysiologically and clinically most important roles of uromodulin, which can lead to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheon Mary
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Boder
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W. McBride
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Delyth Graham
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna F. Dominiczak
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang L, Cai R, Chen XZ, Peng JB. Molecular insights into the structural and dynamical changes of calcium channel TRPV6 induced by its interaction with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35950523 PMCID: PMC9918602 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 6 (TRPV6) is an epithelial calcium channel that regulates the initial step of the transcellular calcium transport pathway. TRPV6 is expressed in the kidney, intestine, placenta, and other tissues, and the dysregulation of the channel is implicated in several human cancers. It has been reported that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) activates TRPV6 and its close homologue TRPV5; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is less clear. Recently, a structure of rabbit TRPV5 in complex with dioctanoyl (diC8) PIP2, a soluble form of PIP2, was determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Based on this structure, the structural model of human TRPV6 with PIP2 was set up, and then molecular dynamics simulations were performed for TRPV6 with and without PIP2. Simulation results show that the positively charged residues responsible for TRPV5 binding of diC8 PIP2 are conserved in the interactions between TRPV6 and PIP2. The binding of PIP2 to TRPV6 increases the distance between the diagonally opposed residues D542 in the selectivity filter and that between the diagonally opposed M578 residues in the lower gate of TRPV6. A secondary structural analysis reveals that residues M578 in TRPV6 undergo structural and position changes during the binding of PIP2 with TRPV6. In addition, principal component analysis indicates that the binding of PIP2 increases the dynamical motions of both the selectivity filter and the lower gate of TRPV6. These changes induced by PIP2 favor the channel opening. Thus, this study provides a basis for understanding the mechanism underlying the PIP2-induced TRPV6 channel activation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ruiqi Cai
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2H7 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2H7 Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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15
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Zhu Z, Lei Z, Qian J, Zhang C, Gong Y, Yin G, Li Y, Li X, Lin J, Zhou L. The Ion Channel-Related Gene Signatures Correlated With Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Individualized Treatment in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:889142. [PMID: 35721115 PMCID: PMC9198310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early detection and precise prognostic evaluation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are crucial for patient life expectancy. Ion channel-related genes (ICRGs) are of great diagnostic and prognostic value as components that maintain the normal structure of the kidney. Therefore, we systematically explored the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of ICRGs in ccRCC using the multi-database. Methods: RNA transcriptome profiles and clinical data of ccRCC patients were extracted and integrated from public databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas, ICGC, GEO, and E-MTAB databases. Ion channel-related genes were obtained from the literature collection. The diagnostic signature was performed using the LASSO and SVM-REF analyses. Meanwhile, the prognostic signature was conducted using the LASSO analyses. Molecular subtyping was performed using the ConsensusClusterPlus and the corresponding therapeutic targets were evaluated using the pRRophetic package. In addition, a prognostic nomogram was constructed based on the results of cox regression analyses. Results: We successfully constructed diagnostic signatures for five ICRGs and prognostic signatures for 10 ICRGs with AUC values greater than 0.7, showing good predictive performance. Based on the median risk score, we found that high-risk patients had a significantly worse prognosis. We also divided ccRCC patients into two clusters according to prognostic ICRGs, and there was a significant survival outcome between the two clusters and different sensitivity to diverse clinical therapeutic strategies. Meanwhile, we constructed a nomogram based on clinical molecules and signatures, and its predictive efficacy was better than the signature or the present tumor-node-metastasis staging system. Conclusion: In this study, we established useful signatures for early detection, prognosis evaluation, and individualized treatment for ccRCC. Moreover, KCNJ16 deserves to be explored comprehensively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Zhu
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchuan Lei
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinqin Qian
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cuijian Zhang
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guicao Yin
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Li
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- National Urological Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Clinical Research Cooperation Network of Urology of the Peking University First Hospital, The Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing and the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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16
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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17
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Shkembi B, Huppertz T. Calcium Absorption from Food Products: Food Matrix Effects. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010180. [PMID: 35011055 PMCID: PMC8746734 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews physicochemical aspects of calcium absorption from foods. Notable differences are observed between different food products in relation to calcium absorption, which range from <10% to >50% of calcium in the foods. These differences can be related to the interactions of calcium with other food components in the food matrix, which are affected by various factors, including fermentation, and how these are affected by the conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. Calcium absorption in the intestine requires calcium to be in an ionized form. The low pH in the stomach is critical for solubilization and ionization of calcium salts present in foods, although calcium oxalate complexes remain insoluble and thus poorly absorbable. In addition, the rate of gastric transit can strongly affect fractional absorption of calcium and a phased release of calcium into the intestine, resulting in higher absorption levels. Dairy products are the main natural sources of dietary calcium in many diets worldwide, which is attributable to their ability to provide high levels of absorbable calcium in a single serving. For calcium from other food products, lower levels of absorbable calcium can limit contributions to bodily calcium requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Shkembi
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
As the world's population ages, the treatment of osteoporosis is a major problem to be addressed. The cause of osteoporosis remains unclear. Ca2+ is not only an important component of bones but also plays a key role in osteoporosis treatment. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are one of the TRP channel families that is widely distributed in various organs, playing an important role in the physiological regulation of the human body. Bone formation and bone absorption may require Ca2+ transport via TRPV channels. It has been proven that the TRPV subtypes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6) may affect bone metabolism balance through selective regulation of Ca2+. They significantly regulate osteoblast/osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and function. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms of TRPV channels involved in regulation of the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as to discuss the latest developments in current researches, which may provide new clues and directions for an in-depth study of osteoporosis and other related bone metabolic diseases.
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19
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Boder P, Mary S, Mark PB, Leiper J, Dominiczak AF, Padmanabhan S, Rampoldi L, Delles C. Mechanistic interactions of uromodulin with the thick ascending limb: perspectives in physiology and hypertension. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1490-1504. [PMID: 34187999 PMCID: PMC7611110 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. The kidney is a major regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis, with monogenic disorders indicating a link between abnormal ion transport and salt-sensitive hypertension. However, the association between salt and hypertension remains controversial. Thus, there is continued interest in deciphering the molecular mechanisms behind these processes. Uromodulin (UMOD) is the most abundant protein in the normal urine and is primarily synthesized by the thick ascending limb epithelial cells of the kidney. Genome-wide association studies have linked common UMOD variants with kidney function, susceptibility to chronic kidney disease and hypertension independent of renal excretory function. This review will discuss and provide predictions on the role of the UMOD protein in renal ion transport and hypertension based on current observational, biochemical, genetic, pharmacological and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Boder
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sheon Mary
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick B. Mark
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Leiper
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna F. Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Rampoldi
- Molecular Genetics of Renal Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Delles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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20
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Xu X, Li N, Wang Y, Yu J, Mi J. Calcium channel TRPV6 promotes breast cancer metastasis by NFATC2IP. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:150-160. [PMID: 34265397 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium channel TRPV6 upregulation is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer by promoting invasion and metastasis, and TRPV6 is a potential target for breast cancer therapy. However, the mechanism by which TRPV6 promotes breast metastasis remains unclear. Here, we report that TRPV6 expression is upregulated in metastatic breast cancers and that TRPV6 overexpression or upregulation accelerates primary breast cancer cell migration. In contrast, TRPV6 suppression decreases cell migration. Mechanistically, TRPV6 activates NFATC2 by increasing NFATC2IP phosphorylation at Ser204, and CDK5 is a candidate kinase that may perform this phosphorylation. Consequently, activated NFATC2 increases breast cancer metastasis by upregulating ADAMTS6 expression. These observations suggest that TRPV6 increases NFATC2 transcriptional activity by increasing NFATC2IP phosphorylation, which consequently upregulates ADAMTS6 expression to promote breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Basic Medical Institute, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital Jiading Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Basic Medical Institute, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, 250117, China.
| | - Jun Mi
- Basic Medical Institute, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital Jiading Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Boscia F, Elkjaer ML, Illes Z, Kukley M. Altered Expression of Ion Channels in White Matter Lesions of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know About Their Function? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:685703. [PMID: 34276310 PMCID: PMC8282214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.685703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), knowledge about contribution of individual ion channels to axonal impairment and remyelination failure in progressive MS remains incomplete. Ion channel families play a fundamental role in maintaining white matter (WM) integrity and in regulating WM activities in axons, interstitial neurons, glia, and vascular cells. Recently, transcriptomic studies have considerably increased insight into the gene expression changes that occur in diverse WM lesions and the gene expression fingerprint of specific WM cells associated with secondary progressive MS. Here, we review the ion channel genes encoding K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- channels; ryanodine receptors; TRP channels; and others that are significantly and uniquely dysregulated in active, chronic active, inactive, remyelinating WM lesions, and normal-appearing WM of secondary progressive MS brain, based on recently published bulk and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing datasets. We discuss the current state of knowledge about the corresponding ion channels and their implication in the MS brain or in experimental models of MS. This comprehensive review suggests that the intense upregulation of voltage-gated Na+ channel genes in WM lesions with ongoing tissue damage may reflect the imbalance of Na+ homeostasis that is observed in progressive MS brain, while the upregulation of a large number of voltage-gated K+ channel genes may be linked to a protective response to limit neuronal excitability. In addition, the altered chloride homeostasis, revealed by the significant downregulation of voltage-gated Cl- channels in MS lesions, may contribute to an altered inhibitory neurotransmission and increased excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Louise Elkjaer
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Neurology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Kukley
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Comments on the evolution of TRPV6. Ann Anat 2021; 238:151753. [PMID: 33964462 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that not all biological findings derived from animals can be directly applied to humans. The TRPV6 protein may serve as an example which highlights these inter-species differences as an example of parallel evolutionary pathways. TRPV6 (and TRPV5) belong to a family of ion channels from the transient receptor potential group but are selectively permeable for Ca2+, in contrast to other members of the family. Sequences with recognizable similarity to TRPV6 can already be found in archaebacteria. These ancient sequences show clear similarity to the ion-conducting pore of TRPV6. Over the course of evolution, the duplication of the TRPV6 gene gave rise to TRPV5. Duplications of the complete genome as well as subsequent loss of genetic material have led to a variety of different TRPV5/6 combinations. In addition, there is an N-terminal extension of the protein in placental animals. This extension causes translation of TRPV6 to be initiated from an ACG codon. Inactivation of one TRPV6 allele can be correlated with alcohol-independent pancreatitis in humans while inactivation of both alleles leads to skeletal dysplasia of newborn babies. The latter effect is not observed in mice, implying that the effects due to perturbations in TRPV6 levels are much more pronounced in humans.
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Abstract
Uromodulin, a protein exclusively produced by the kidney, is the most abundant urinary protein in physiological conditions. Already described several decades ago, uromodulin has gained the spotlight in recent years, since the discovery that mutations in its encoding gene UMOD cause a renal Mendelian disease (autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease) and that common polymorphisms are associated with multifactorial disorders, such as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, variations in uromodulin levels in urine and/or blood reflect kidney functioning mass and are of prognostic value for renal function, cardiovascular events, and overall mortality. The clinical relevance of uromodulin reflects its multifunctional nature, playing a role in renal ion transport and immunomodulation, in protection against urinary tract infections and renal stones, and possibly as a systemic antioxidant. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles of this protein in kidney physiology and its translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Schaeffer
- Molecular Genetics of Renal Disorders, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy;
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders Group, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Rampoldi
- Molecular Genetics of Renal Disorders, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy;
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Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are expressed in the kidney have gained prominence in recent years following discoveries of their role in maintaining the integrity of the filtration barrier, regulating tubular reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+, and sensing osmotic stimuli. Furthermore, evidence has linked mutations in TRP channels to kidney disease pathophysiological mechanisms, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, disturbances in Mg2+ homeostasis, and polycystic kidney disease. Several subtypes of TRP channels are expressed in the renal vasculature, from preglomerular arteries and arterioles to the descending vasa recta. Although investigations on the physiological and pathological significance of renal vascular TRP channels are sparse, studies on isolated vessels and cells have suggested their involvement in renal vasoregulation. Renal blood flow (RBF) is an essential determinant of kidney function, including glomerular filtration, water and solute reabsorption, and waste product excretion. Functional alterations in ion channels that are expressed in the endothelium and smooth muscle of renal vessels can modulate renal vascular resistance, arterial pressure, and RBF. Hence, renal vascular TRP channels are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of kidney disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TRP channel expression in renal vasculature and their role in controlling kidney function in health and disease. TRP channels are widely distributed in mammalian kidneys in glomerular, tubular, and vascular cells. TRPC and TRPV channels are functionally expressed in afferent arterioles. TRPC4 may regulate Ca2+ signaling in the descending vasa recta. Smooth muscle, endothelial, and pericyte TRP channels may participate in signal transduction mechanisms. TRP channels underlie renal autoregulation and regional kidney perfusion in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praghalathan Kanthakumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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25
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Methionine supplementing effects on intestine, liver and uterus morphology, and on positivity and expression of Calbindin-D28k and TRPV6 epithelial calcium carriers in laying quail in thermoneutral conditions and under thermal stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245615. [PMID: 33449938 PMCID: PMC7810298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide the performance, localization and expression of the epithelial calcium transporter channels Calbindin-D28k (Calb) and TRPV6, and of the morphology of the digestive and reproductive system of laying quail under heat stress (HS), and with methionine supplementation (MS). This study characterized the positivity (immunohistochemistry) and expression (real-time PCR) of calcium channels in the kidneys, intestine and uterus of 504 laying quails under different MS (100, 110 and 120%) and temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32°C). The animals under HS (32°C) had lower villus height, villus:crypt ratio, and goblet cell index in the duodenum and jejunum, fewer secondary and tertiary uterine folds, smaller hepatic steatosis, and increased number of distal convoluted renal tubules (CT) positive to Calb, and increased positivity in proximal CTs. Deleterious effects of HS were minimized with MS for: duodenal crypts, number of goblet cells of the jejunum, number of uterine folds, decreased Calb positivity in intestines and kidney, increased positivity of Calb in the uterus and increased TRPV6 gene expression in the kidney (P≤0.05). Epithelial calcium transporters were altered due to less need for calcium absorption and reabsorption due to more calcium available with the MS, increasing egg production in HS and quality in termoneutrality (P≤0.05). MS further increased intestinal villus absorption area and height, increased steatosis, decreased Calb positivity in the intestine and kidney, increased uterine positivity of Calb, and increase Calb and TRPV6 expression in the kidney (P≤0.001) under thermoneutrality. It was concluded that the use of MS (120%) is justifiable in order to partially reverse the deleterious effects of HS on the production, in the epithelial calcium carriers, and in the digestory and reproductive morphology of laying quail.
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Abstract
Two decades ago a class of ion channels, hitherto unsuspected, was discovered. In mammals these Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRPs) have not only expanded in number (to 26 functional channels) but also expanded the view of our interface with the physical and chemical environment. Some are heat and cold sensors while others monitor endogenous and/or exogenous chemical signals. Some TRP channels monitor osmotic potential, and others measure cell movement, stretching, and fluid flow. Many TRP channels are major players in nociception and integration of pain signals. One member of the vanilloid sub-family of channels is TRPV6. This channel is highly selective for divalent cations, particularly calcium, and plays a part in general whole-body calcium homeostasis, capturing calcium in the gut from the diet. TRPV6 can be greatly elevated in a number of cancers deriving from epithelia and considerable study has been made of its role in the cancer phenotype where calcium control is dysfunctional. This review compiles and updates recent published work on TRPV6 as a promising drug target in a number of cancers including those afflicting breast, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Stewart
- Soricimed Biopharma Inc. 18 Botsford Street, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1C 4W7
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Kumaran GK, Hanukoglu I. Identification and classification of epithelial cells in nephron segments by actin cytoskeleton patterns. FEBS J 2019; 287:1176-1194. [PMID: 31605441 PMCID: PMC7384063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The basic functional unit in a kidney is the nephron, which is a long and morphologically segmented tubule. The nephron begins with a cluster of capillaries called glomerulus through which the blood is filtered into the Bowman's space. The filtrate flows through the nephron segments. During this flow, electrolytes and solutes are reabsorbed by channels and transport systems into the capillaries wrapped around the nephron. Many questions related to renal function focus on identifying the sites of expression of these systems. In this study, we mapped whole kidney sections by confocal microscopic imaging of fluorescent phalloidin, which binds to actin filaments. In tile scans (composed of hundreds of images) of these sections, the cortex and the medullary regions (outer and inner stripes of the outer medulla, and inner medulla) could be easily identified by their cytoskeletal patterns. At a higher resolution, we identified distinct features of the actin cytoskeleton in the apical, basal, and lateral borders of the cells. These features could be used to identify segments of a nephron (the proximal tubule, thin and thick segments of Henle's loop, and distal tubule), the collecting duct system, the papillary ducts in the papilla, and the urothelium that covers the pelvis. To verify our findings, we used additional markers, including aquaporin isoforms, cytokeratin 8‐18, and WGA lectin. This study highlights the power of high‐resolution confocal microscopy for identifying specific cell types using the simple probe of F‐actin‐binding phalloidin.
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28
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Neuropsychiatric implications of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in the reward system. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104545. [PMID: 31494132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) exert a devastating impact on an individual's personal and social well-being, encompassing various conditions and brain anomalies that influence affect, cognition, and behavior. Because the pathophysiology of NPDs is multifactorial, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of such disorders remain unclear, representing a unique challenge in current neuropsychopharmacotherapy. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) type channels are a family of ligand-gated ion channels that mainly include sensory receptors that respond to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli. TRPV channels are abundantly present in dopaminergic neurons, thus playing a pivotal role in the modulation of the reward system and in pathophysiology of diseases such as stress, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative disorders and substance abuse/addiction. Recent evidence has highlighted TRPV channels as potential targets for understanding modulation of the reward system and various forms of addiction (opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, nicotine, cannabis). In this review, we discuss the distribution, physiological roles, ligands and therapeutic importance of TRPV channels with regard to NPDs and addiction biology.
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29
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Ferdaus MZ, Gratreak BDK, Miller L, Si J, McCormick JA, Yang C, Ellison DH, Terker AS. WNK4 limits distal calcium losses following acute furosemide treatment. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14195. [PMID: 31496133 PMCID: PMC6732491 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The distal nephron is essential for calcium homeostasis. This is evidenced by disordered calcium transport following disrupted distal nephron function occurring in salt-wasting tubulopathies or with diuretic use. A plethora of studies support a role for WNK4 in thick ascending limb (TAL) and distal convoluted tubule ion transport with most studies focusing on sodium transport. Little is known about the in vivo role of WNK4 in regulating calcium homeostsis. Here, we investigated the role of WNK4 in regulating distal nephron calcium transport using WNK4 knockout animals (WNK4-/- ). As has been shown previously, we found that baseline urinary calcium levels are normal following WNK4 deletion. Following acute treatment with the loop diuretic, furosemide, which causes hypercalciuria through TAL inhibition, WNK4-/- animals demonstrated increased calcium wasting compared with wild-type controls. WNK4-/- animals had decreased TRPV5 expression along DCT2 supporting a mechanistic role for this calcium channel in the increased calciuresis. As this supported the hypothesis that WNK4-/- animals have a tendency toward calcium wasting under stress, we tested the effects of a calcium-deplete diet on urinary calcium excretion. Urinary calcium excretion and plasma ionized calcium levels were not different between control and knockout animals following consumption of a calcium-deplete diet. Our data show that WNK4, via regulation of TRPV5, limits distal calcium losses following acute treatment with furosemide; however, WNK4 deletion does not affect the chronic renal response to dietary calcium depletion. Our data reveal an in vivo role for WNK4 in distal nephron calcium handling that is important for fine-tuning calcium reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren Miller
- Division of NephrologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Jinge Si
- Division of NephrologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - James A. McCormick
- Division of NephrologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Chao‐Ling Yang
- Division of NephrologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - David H. Ellison
- Division of NephrologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of NephrologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
- Division of NephrologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
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30
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Calcitriol and FGF-23, but neither PTH nor sclerostin, are associated with calciuria in CKD. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1823-1829. [PMID: 31368056 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent observation that urinary calcium excretion (UCE) drops considerably with CKD and that this effect may occur beyond compensation for reduced intestinal calcium absorption suggests that CKD per se is a state of sustained positive calcium balance, a mechanism likely to contribute to vascular calcification and CVD in CKD. However, the determinants of UCE reduction in CKD are not well understood and there is a lack of clinical studies, particularly in the CKD population. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate variables associated with UCE in a CKD cohort. METHODS Baseline data on 356 participants of the Progredir Study, Sao Paulo, Brazil, essentially composed of CKD G3a-G4, were analyzed according to UCE (24 h urine collection). RESULTS Median 24 h UCE was 38 mg/day (IQR 21-68 mg/day) and 0.48 mg/kg/day (IQR 0.28-0.82 mg/kg/day). In univariate analysis, UCE was inversely related to age, phosphorus, 1-84 PTH, FGF-23 and sclerostin, and positively associated with eGFR, DBP, 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, calcium, bicarbonate, total calorie intake and spironolactone use. After adjustments for age, sex and eGFR, only 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, calcium, FGF-23, bicarbonate and total calorie intake remained associated with it, but not PTH nor sclerostin. Lastly, in a multivariable model, eGFR, serum 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, calcium, and FGF-23 remained associated with UCE. Similar results were observed when calcium fractional excretion was used instead of UCE, with eGFR, 1-25-vitamin D and FGF-23 remaining as independent associations. CONCLUSION Our results showed that CKD is associated with very low levels of UCE and that 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, serum calcium and FGF-23 were independently associated with UCE in this population, raising the question whether these factors are modulators of the tubular handling of calcium in CKD.
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31
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Effect of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Protein Hydrolysate-Calcium Chelate on Calcium Absorption Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Low-Calcium Diet-Fed Rats. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060348. [PMID: 31212630 PMCID: PMC6628084 DOI: 10.3390/md17060348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our current investigation, we evaluated the effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate (CPPH) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate-calcium chelate (CPPH-Ca) on calcium absorption and gut microbiota composition, as well as their in vivo regulatory mechanism in SD rats fed low-calcium diets. Potent major compounds in CPPH were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS, and the calcium-binding mechanism was investigated through ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. Using high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the composition of gut microbiota in rats. Our study showed that HCPPH-Ca increased the levels of body weight gain, serum Ca, bone activity, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), while decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and inhibited the morphological changes of bone. HCPPH-Ca up-regulated the gene expressions of transient receptor potential cation V5 (TRPV5), TRPV6, calcium-binding protein-D9k (CaBP-D9k) and a calcium pump (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase, PMCA1b). It also improved the abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Bifidobacterium and Sutterella were both positively correlated with calcium absorption. Collectively, these findings illustrate the potential of HCPPH-Ca as an effective calcium supplement.
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Abstract
Since its discovery, aldosterone and ion modulation have been entwined. While scientific investigations throughout the decades have emphasized aldosterone's connection to Na+, K+, and H+ homeostasis, more recent research has demonstrated a relationship between aldosterone and Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl- homeostasis. The mechanisms connecting aldosterone to ion regulation frequently involve ion channels; the membrane localized proteins containing at least one aqueous pore for ion conduction. In order to precisely control intracellular or intraorganelle ion concentrations, ion channels have evolved highly specific regions within the conduction pore that select ions by charge, size, and/or dehydration energy requirement, meaning aldosterone must be able to modulate multiple ion channels to regulate the many ions described above. The list of ion channels presently connected to aldosterone includes ENaC (Na+), ROMK/BK (K+), TRPV4/5/6 (Ca2+), TRPM7/6 (Mg2+), and ClC-K/CFTR (Cl-), among others. This list is only expected to grow over time, as the promiscuity of aldosterone becomes more understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alvin Shrier
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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33
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Dong C, Paudel S, Amoh NY, Saha MS. Expression of trpv channels during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 30:64-70. [PMID: 30326274 PMCID: PMC6319392 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel genes code for an extensive family of conserved proteins responsible for a variety of physiological processes, including sensory perception, ion homeostasis, and chemical signal transduction. The TRP superfamily consists of seven subgroups, one of which is the transient receptor potential vanilloid (trpv) channel family. While trpv channels are relatively well studied in adult vertebrate organisms given their role in functions such as nociception, thermoregulation, and osmotic regulation in mature tissues and organ systems, relatively little is known regarding their function during embryonic development. Although there are some reports of the expression of specific trpv channels at particular stages in various organisms, there is currently no comprehensive analysis of trpv channels during embryogenesis. Here, performing in situ hybridization, we examined the spatiotemporal expression of trpv channel mRNA during early Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Trpv channels exhibited unique patterns of embryonic expression at distinct locations including the trigeminal ganglia, spinal cord, cement gland, otic vesicle, optic vesicle, nasal placode, notochord, tailbud, proctodeum, branchial arches, epithelium, somite and the animal pole during early development. We have also observed the colocalization of trpv channels at the animal pole (trpv 2/4), trigeminal ganglia (trpv 1/2), and epithelium (trpv 5/6). These localization patterns suggest that trpv channels may play diverse roles during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, 540 Landrum Dr., College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Sudip Paudel
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, 540 Landrum Dr., College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Nana Yaa Amoh
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, 540 Landrum Dr., College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Margaret S Saha
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, 540 Landrum Dr., College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
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Hou T, Lu Y, Guo D, Liu W, Shi W, He H. A pivotal peptide (Val-Ser-Glu-Glu) from duck egg white promotes calcium uptake and structure-activity relationship study. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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35
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Zhao Q, Liu H, Jiang J, Wu Y, Zhong W, Li L, Miya K, Abe M, Hu P. Non-Compartmental Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single-Dose Eldecalcitol (ED-71) in Healthy Chinese Adult Males. Clin Drug Investig 2018; 38:901-908. [PMID: 30117129 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-018-0682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Eldecalcitol (ED-71) is a novel active vitamin D3 derivative, used for the treatment of osteoporosis. This is the first clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of eldecalcitol in Chinese subjects. METHODS This was an open, single-center, randomized, two-dose level, two-period crossover phase I study in 24 healthy Chinese adult males. Eligible subjects received a single oral dose of eldecalcitol capsule 0.5 or 0.75 μg at period 1 or period 2, monitored over a 144-h observation period for pharmacokinetics and a 14-day observation period for safety. The wash-out time was 14 days. The data observed in this study were compared with historical data in Japanese subjects to evaluate the inter-ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics. RESULTS After single doses of 0.5 and 0.75 μg eldecalcitol, the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of eldecalcitol was reached within 3.0-4.0 h (Cmax was 0.0638 ± 0.0076 ng/ml in the 0.5-μg group and 0.0944 ± 0.0126 ng/ml in the 0.75-μg group, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24h)) was 1.02 ± 0.15 ng·h/mL in the 0.5-μg group and 1.57 ± 0.26 ng·h/mL in the 0.75-μg group). The pharmacokinetic parameters was similar between the Chinese and Japanese subjects; both Cmax and partial AUCs could be considered to be dose-proportional over the tested dose range of 0.5-0.75 µg in Chinese subjects, which was in line with previously published results on eldecalcitol linear pharmacokinetics (range 0.1-1.0 µg) in Japanese subjects. Alanine aminotransferase increase was the most common adverse event (AE). No drug-related serious AEs were reported. All of the drug-related AEs of eldecalcitol were mild in severity. CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetic exposure (Cmax and partial AUCs) was dose-proportional over the tested dose range of 0.5-0.75 µg in healthy Chinese adult males. The pharmacokinetic character of eldecalcitol in Chinese subjects was similar to historical data from Japanese subjects. Eldecalcitol was well tolerated at doses ranging from 0.5 to 0.75 µg, with no new safety signals identified. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at the China Food and Drug Administration (Registration number: 2014L02212 and 2014L02213), and also registered at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn (No. CTR20160430).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center and Translational Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Hongzhong Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center and Translational Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center and Translational Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center and Translational Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center and Translational Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Lili Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center and Translational Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Kazuhiro Miya
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaichi Abe
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center and Translational Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, 100032, China.
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36
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Gallelli CA, Calcagnini S, Romano A, Koczwara JB, de Ceglia M, Dante D, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S. Modulation of the Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation by Endocannabinoids and Their Lipid Analogues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E93. [PMID: 30021985 PMCID: PMC6070960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the pivotal role played by oxidative stress in tissue injury development, thus resulting in several pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders, all characterized by an altered oxidative status. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehydes including acrolein, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, among others, are the main responsible for cellular and tissue damages occurring in redox-dependent processes. In this scenario, a link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and redox homeostasis impairment appears to be crucial. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the best characterized endocannabinoids, are able to modulate the activity of several antioxidant enzymes through targeting the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 as well as additional receptors such as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and the orphan G protein-coupled receptors 18 and 55. Moreover, the endocannabinoids lipid analogues N-acylethanolamines showed to protect cell damage and death from reactive aldehydes-induced oxidative stress by restoring the intracellular oxidants-antioxidants balance. In this review, we will provide a better understanding of the main mechanisms triggered by the cross-talk between the oxidative stress and the ECS, focusing also on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as scavengers of reactive aldehydes and their toxic bioactive adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Anna Gallelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Justyna Barbara Koczwara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Dante
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Studies on the intestinal epithelial response to viral infection have previously been limited by the absence of in vitro human intestinal models that recapitulate the multicellular complexity of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent technological advances have led to the development of “mini-intestine” models, which mimic the diverse cellular nature and physiological activity of the small intestine. Utilizing adult or embryonic intestinal tissue, enteroid and organoid systems, respectively, represent an opportunity to effectively model cellular differentiation, proliferation, and interactions that are specific to the specialized environment of the intestine. Enteroid and organoid systems represent a significant advantage over traditional in vitro methods because they model the structure and function of the small intestine while also maintaining the genetic identity of the host. These more physiologic models also allow for novel approaches to investigate the interaction of enteric viruses with the gastrointestinal tract, making them ideal to study the complexities of host-pathogen interactions in this unique cellular environment. This review aims to provide a summary on the use of human enteroid and organoid systems as models to study virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt E Lanik
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Madison A Mara
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Belgacem Mihi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Terker AS, Castañeda-Bueno M, Ferdaus MZ, Cornelius RJ, Erspamer KJ, Su XT, Miller LN, McCormick JA, Wang WH, Gamba G, Yang CL, Ellison DH. With no lysine kinase 4 modulates sodium potassium 2 chloride cotransporter activity in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F781-F790. [PMID: 29412704 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00485.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With no lysine kinase 4 (WNK4) is essential to activate the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) along the distal convoluted tubule, an effect central to the phenotype of familial hyperkalemic hypertension. Although effects on potassium and sodium channels along the connecting and collecting tubules have also been documented, WNK4 is typically believed to have little role in modulating sodium chloride reabsorption along the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Yet wnk4-/- mice (knockout mice lacking WNK4) do not demonstrate the hypocalciuria typical of pure distal convoluted tubule dysfunction. Here, we tested the hypothesis that WNK4 also modulates bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) function along the thick ascending limb. We confirmed that w nk4-/- mice are hypokalemic and waste sodium chloride, but are also normocalciuric. Results from Western blots suggested that the phosphorylated forms of both NCC and NKCC2 were in lower abundance in wnk4-/- mice than in controls. This finding was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Although the initial response to furosemide was similar in wnk4-/- mice and controls, the response was lower in the knockout mice when reabsorption along the distal convoluted tubule was inhibited. Using HEK293 cells, we showed that WNK4 increases the abundance of phosphorylated NKCC2. More supporting evidence that WNK4 may modulate NKCC2 emerges from a mouse model of WNK4-mediated familial hyperkalemic hypertension in which more phosphorylated NKCC2 is present than in controls. These data indicate that WNK4, in addition to modulating NCC, also modulates NKCC2, contributing to its physiological function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Maria Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed Z Ferdaus
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Ryan J Cornelius
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Kayla J Erspamer
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiao-Tong Su
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Lauren N Miller
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - James A McCormick
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma University de México , Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y de Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, México
| | - Chao-Ling Yang
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - David H Ellison
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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39
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Aldosterone, SGK1, and ion channels in the kidney. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:173-183. [PMID: 29352074 PMCID: PMC5817097 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperaldosteronism, a common cause of hypertension, is strongly connected to Na+, K+, and Mg2+ dysregulation. Owing to its steroidal structure, aldosterone is an active transcriptional modifier when bound to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in cells expressing the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, such as those comprising the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN). One such up-regulated protein, the ubiquitous serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), has the capacity to modulate the surface expression and function of many classes of renal ion channels, including those that transport Na+ (ENaC), K+ (ROMK/BK), Ca2+ (TRPV4/5/6), Mg2+ (TRPM7/6), and Cl− (ClC-K, CFTR). Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which ASDN expressed channels are up-regulated by SGK1, while highlighting newly discovered pathways connecting aldosterone to nonselective cation channels that are permeable to Mg2+ (TRPM7) or Ca2+ (TRPV4).
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40
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Zeng T, Duan X, Zhu W, Liu Y, Wu W, Zeng G. SaRNA-mediated activation of TRPV5 reduces renal calcium oxalate deposition in rat via decreasing urinary calcium excretion. Urolithiasis 2017; 46:271-278. [PMID: 28776078 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-1004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypercalciuria is a main risk factor for kidney stone formation. TRPV5 is the gatekeeper protein for mediating calcium transport and reabsorption in the kidney. In the present study, we tested the effect of TRPV5 activation with small activating RNA (saRNA), which could induce gene expression by targeting the promoter of the gene, on ethylene glycol (EG)-induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation in rat kidney. Five pairs of RNA activation sequences targeting the promoter of rat TRPV5 were designed and synthesized. The synthesized saRNA with the strongest activating effect was selected, and transcellular calcium transportation was tested by Fura-2 analysis. Subsequently, Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups and fed with water, 1% EG for 28 days after injecting the negative control saRNA, 1% EG for 28 days after injecting the selected TRPV5-saRNA, respectively. The CaOx crystal formation and the 24-h urine components were assessed. In vitro study, saRNA ds-320 could significantly activate the expression of TRPV5 and transcellular calcium transportation. In vivo study, after 28 days treatment of EG, rats pre-infected with saRNA ds-320 had lower urinary calcium excretion and renal CaOx crystals formation as compared to that pre-infected with negative control saRNA. Activation of TRVP5 with saRNA ds-320 could inhibit EG-induced calcium oxalate crystals formation via promoting urine calcium reabsorption and decreasing urine calcium excretion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.
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41
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Soni H, Peixoto-Neves D, Matthews AT, Adebiyi A. TRPV4 channels contribute to renal myogenic autoregulation in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1136-F1148. [PMID: 28768667 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00300.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenic response, a phenomenon in which resistance size arteries and arterioles swiftly constrict or dilate in response to an acute elevation or reduction, respectively, in intravascular pressure is a key component of renal autoregulation mechanisms. Although it is well established that the renal system is functionally immature in neonates, mechanisms that regulate neonatal renal blood flow (RBF) remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are molecular components of renal myogenic constriction in newborns. We show that unlike TRPV1-3, TRPV4 channels are predominantly expressed in neonatal pig preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) elevation induced by osmotic cell swelling was attenuated by TRPV4, L-type Ca2+, and stretch-activated Ca2+ channel blockers but not phospholipase A2 inhibitor. Blockade of TRPV4 channels reversed steady-state myogenic tone and inhibited pressure-induced membrane depolarization, [Ca2+]i elevation, and constriction in distal interlobular arteries. A step increase in arterial pressure induced efficient autoregulation of renal cortical perfusion and total RBF in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated neonatal pigs. Moreover, intrarenal arterial infusion of the TRPV4 channel blockers HC 067047 and RN 1734 attenuated renal autoregulation in the pigs. These data suggest that renal myogenic autoregulation is functional in neonates. Our findings also indicate that TRPV4 channels are mechanosensors in neonatal pig preglomerular vascular SMCs and contribute to renal myogenic autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dieniffer Peixoto-Neves
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anberitha T Matthews
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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42
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Bastepe M, Turan S, He Q. Heterotrimeric G proteins in the control of parathyroid hormone actions. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R203-R224. [PMID: 28363951 PMCID: PMC5650080 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of skeletal physiology and calcium and phosphate homeostasis. It acts on bone and kidney to stimulate bone turnover, increase the circulating levels of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium and inhibit the reabsorption of phosphate from the glomerular filtrate. Dysregulated PTH actions contribute to or are the cause of several endocrine disorders. This calciotropic hormone exerts its actions via binding to the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PTH1R), which couples to multiple heterotrimeric G proteins, including Gs and Gq/11 Genetic mutations affecting the activity or expression of the alpha-subunit of Gs, encoded by the GNAS complex locus, are responsible for several human diseases for which the clinical findings result, at least partly, from aberrant PTH signaling. Here, we review the bone and renal actions of PTH with respect to the different signaling pathways downstream of these G proteins, as well as the disorders caused by GNAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyMarmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Qing He
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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43
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Fecher-Trost C, Wissenbach U, Weissgerber P. TRPV6: From identification to function. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:116-122. [PMID: 28501141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Building 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Wissenbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Building 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Petra Weissgerber
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Building 46, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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44
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Kumar S, Singh U, Goswami C, Singru PS. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), a highly Ca 2+ -selective TRP channel in the rat brain: relevance to neuroendocrine regulation. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28235149 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest an important role for transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels in neural and neuroendocrine regulation. The TRPV subfamily consists of six members: TRPV1-6. While the neuroanatomical and functional correlates of TRPV1-4 have been studied extensively, relevant information about TRPV5 and TRPV6, which are highly selective for Ca2+ , is limited. We detected TRPV5 mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb, cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, brainstem and cerebellum of the rat. TRPV5-immunoreactive neurones were conspicuously seen in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON), accessory neurosecretory (ANS), supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic part (SOR), arcuate (ARC) and medial tuberal nuclei, hippocampus, midbrain, brainstem and cerebellum. Glial cells also showed TRPV5-immunoreactivity. To test the neuroendocrine relevance of TRPV5, we focused on vasopressin, oxytocin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) as representative candidate markers with which TRPV5 may co-exist. In the hypothalamic neurones, co-expression of TRPV5 was observed with vasopressin (PVN: 50.73±3.82%; SON: 75.91±2.34%; ANS: 49.12±4.28%; SOR: 100%) and oxytocin (PVN: 6.88±1.21; SON: 63.34±5.69%; ANS: 20.4±4.14; SOR: 86.5±1.74%). While ARC neurones express oestrogen receptors, 17β-oestradiol regulates TRPV5, as well as CART neurones and astrocytes, in the ARC. Furthermore, ARC CART neurones are known to project to the preoptic area, and innervate and regulate GnRH neurones. Using double-immunofluorescence, glial fibrillary acidic protein-labelled astrocytes and the majority of CART neurones in the ARC showed TRPV5-immunoreactivity. Following iontophoresis of retrograde neuronal tracer, cholera toxin β (CtB) into the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and median preoptic nucleus, retrograde accumulation of CtB was observed in most TRPV5-equipped ARC CART neurones. Next, we determined the response of TRPV5-elements in the ARC during the oestrous cycle. Compared to pro-oestrus, a significant increase (P<.001) in the percentage of TRPV5-expressing CART neurones was observed during oestrus, metoestrus, and dioestrus. TRPV5-immunoreactivity in the astrocytes, however, showed a significant increase during metoestrus and dioestrus. We suggest that the TRPV5 ion channel may serve as an important regulator of neural and neuroendocrine pathways in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - U Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - C Goswami
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - P S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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45
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Torremadé N, Bozic M, Goltzman D, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Effects of the Administration of 25(OH) Vitamin D3 in an Experimental Model of Chronic Kidney Disease in Animals Null for 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170654. [PMID: 28107527 PMCID: PMC5249163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The final step in vitamin D activation is catalyzed by 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by low levels of both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 provoking secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT). Therefore, treatments with active or native vitamin D compounds are common in CKD to restore 25(OH)D3 levels and also to decrease PTH. This study evaluates the dose of 25(OH)D3 that restores parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels in a model of CKD in CYP27B1-/- mice. Furthermore, we compare the safety and efficacy of the same dose in CYP27B1+/+ animals. The dose needed to decrease PTH levels in CYP27B1-/- mice with CKD was 50 ng/g. That dose restored blood calcium levels without modifying phosphate levels, and increased the expression of genes responsible for calcium absorption (TRPV5 and calbindinD- 28K in the kidney, TRPV6 and calbindinD-9k in the intestine). The same dose of 25(OH)D3 did not modify PTH in CYP27B1+/+ animals with CKD. Blood calcium remained normal, while phosphate increased significantly. Blood levels of 25(OH)D3 in CYP27B1-/- mice were extremely high compared to those in CYP27B1+/+ animals. CYP27B1+/+ animals with CKD showed increases in TRPV5, TRPV6, calbindinD-28K and calbindinD-9K, which were not further elevated with the treatment. Furthermore, CYP27B1+/+ animals displayed an increase in vascular calcification. We conclude that the dose of 25(OH)D3 effective in decreasing PTH levels in CYP27B1-/- mice with CKD, has a potentially toxic effect in CYP27B1+/+ animals with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Torremadé
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - David Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - José M. Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- * E-mail:
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46
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Kumar S, Singh U, Singh O, Goswami C, Singru PS. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) in the mouse brain: Distribution and estrous cycle-related changes in the hypothalamus. Neuroscience 2016; 344:204-216. [PMID: 28039038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) subfamily of cationic channels have emerged as novel players in neural regulation. Unlike other members of TRPV subfamily, TRPV5 and TRPV6 are highly Ca2+-selective. Although TRPV5/TRPV6 transcripts are expressed in mouse brain, understanding the full functional spectrum of these ion channels in the brain is however limited due to the lack of information on their neuroanatomical distribution. We have studied TRPV6 in mouse brain in further detail. In the hypothalamus, while Western blot analysis using TRPV6 specific antiserum showed a distinct ∼95 kDa band corresponding to the molecular weight of TRPV6, transcripts for TRPV6 were detected with RT-PCR. TRPV6-immunoreactive cells/fibers were observed in vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, olfactory bulb, amygdala, hippocampus, septohypothalamic, supraoptic, arcuate (ARC), dorsomedial, and subincertal nuclei. TRPV6-immunoreactive cells/fibers were also observed in the brainstem and cerebellum. Estrogen has emerged as a potential regulator of TRPV6 in peripheral tissues. TRPV6 gene promoter contains estrogen-response element, estrogen activates TRPV6 via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and ERα-expressing ARC neurons in mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) serve as primary site for estradiol feedback. Using double immunofluorescence, co-expression of TRPV6 and ERα was observed in several ARC neurons. MBH of mice during different phases of estrous cycle were subjected to Western blot analysis of TRPV6. Compared to proestrus, a significant reduction (P<0.01) in intensity of TRPV6-immunoreactive band was observed in MBH during metestrus and diestrus phases. While the wide distribution of TRPV6-expressing elements in the brain suggests its role in a range of CNS functions, the ion channel may serve as novel component of the neural pathway mediating effects of estradiol in MBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Uday Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Chandan Goswami
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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47
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NHA2 is expressed in distal nephron and regulated by dietary sodium. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:199-205. [PMID: 27909897 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased renal reabsorption of sodium is a significant risk factor in hypertension. An established clinical marker for essential hypertension is elevated sodium lithium countertransport (SLC) activity. NHA2 is a newly identified Na+(Li+)/H+ antiporter with potential genetic links to hypertension, which has been shown to mediate SLC activity and H+-coupled Na+(Li+) efflux in kidney-derived MDCK cells. To evaluate a putative role in sodium homeostasis, we determined the effect of dietary salt on NHA2. In murine kidney sections, NHA2 localized apically to distal convoluted (both DCT1 and 2) and connecting tubules, partially overlapping in distribution with V-ATPase, AQP2, and NCC1 transporters. Mice fed a diet high in sodium chloride showed elevated transcripts and expression of NHA2 protein. We propose a model in which NHA2 plays a dual role in salt reabsorption or secretion, depending on the coupling ion (sodium or protons). The identified novel regulation of Na+/H+ antiporter in the kidney suggests new roles in salt homeostasis and disease.
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48
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Moor MB, Bonny O. Ways of calcium reabsorption in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1337-50. [PMID: 27009338 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00273.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the kidney in calcium homeostasis has been reshaped from a classic view in which the kidney was regulated by systemic calcitropic hormones such as vitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone to an organ actively taking part in the regulation of calcium handling. With the identification of the intrinsic renal calcium-sensing receptor feedback system, the regulation of paracellular calcium transport involving claudins, and new paracrine regulators such as klotho, the kidney has emerged as a crucial modulator not only of calciuria but also of calcium homeostasis. This review summarizes recent molecular and endocrine contributors to renal calcium handling and highlights the tight link between calcium and sodium reabsorption in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B Moor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
PTH and Vitamin D are two major regulators of mineral metabolism. They play critical roles in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis as well as the development and maintenance of bone health. PTH and Vitamin D form a tightly controlled feedback cycle, PTH being a major stimulator of vitamin D synthesis in the kidney while vitamin D exerts negative feedback on PTH secretion. The major function of PTH and major physiologic regulator is circulating ionized calcium. The effects of PTH on gut, kidney, and bone serve to maintain serum calcium within a tight range. PTH has a reciprocal effect on phosphate metabolism. In contrast, vitamin D has a stimulatory effect on both calcium and phosphate homeostasis, playing a key role in providing adequate mineral for normal bone formation. Both hormones act in concert with the more recently discovered FGF23 and klotho, hormones involved predominantly in phosphate metabolism, which also participate in this closely knit feedback circuit. Of great interest are recent studies demonstrating effects of both PTH and vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. Hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and kidney failure. Both hormones have direct effects on the endothelium, heart, and other vascular structures. How these effects of PTH and vitamin D interface with the regulation of bone formation are the subject of intense investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jalal Khundmiri
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eleanor Lederer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Tomilin V, Mamenko M, Zaika O, Pochynyuk O. Role of renal TRP channels in physiology and pathology. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:371-83. [PMID: 26385481 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys critically contribute to the maintenance of whole-body homeostasis by governing water and electrolyte balance, controlling extracellular fluid volume, plasma osmolality, and blood pressure. Renal function is regulated by numerous systemic endocrine and local mechanical stimuli. Kidneys possess a complex network of membrane receptors, transporters, and ion channels which allows responding to this wide array of signaling inputs in an integrative manner. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family members with diverse modes of activation, varied permeation properties, and capability to integrate multiple downstream signals are pivotal molecular determinants of renal function all along the nephron. This review summarizes experimental data on the role of TRP channels in a healthy mammalian kidney and discusses their involvement in renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mykola Mamenko
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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