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Fatima F, Chourasiya NK, Mishra M, Kori S, Pathak S, Das R, Kashaw V, Iyer AK, Kashaw SK. Curcumin and its Derivatives Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways to Elicit Anticancer Activity: A Comprehensive Perspective. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3668-3714. [PMID: 37221681 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230522144312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled growth and spread of aberrant cells characterize the group of disorders known as cancer. According to GLOBOCAN 2022 analysis of cancer patients in either developed countries or developing countries the main concern cancers are breast cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer which may rise eventually. Natural substances with dietary origins have gained interest for their low toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The evaluation of dietary natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents, the identification, characterization, and synthesis of their active components, as well as the enhancement of their delivery and bioavailability, have all received significant attention. Thus, the treatment strategy for concerning cancers must be significantly evaluated and may include the use of phytochemicals in daily lifestyle. In the present perspective, we discussed one of the potent phytochemicals, that has been used over the past few decades known as curcumin as a panacea drug of the "Cure-all" therapy concept. In our review firstly we included exhausted data from in vivo and in vitro studies on breast cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer which act through various cancer-targeting pathways at the molecular level. Now, the second is the active constituent of turmeric known as curcumin and its derivatives are enlisted with their targeted protein in the molecular docking studies, which help the researchers design and synthesize new curcumin derivatives with respective implicated molecular and cellular activity. However, curcumin and its substituted derivatives still need to be investigated with unknown targeting mechanism studies in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous Fatima
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Nikhil Kumar Chourasiya
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Mitali Mishra
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Shivam Kori
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Sandhya Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Ratnesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
| | - Varsha Kashaw
- Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.), India
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar (MP), India
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Fu Y, Liang X, Yang X, Liu J, Huang H, Zhang P, Li S, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Peng F, Chen Y, Chen Z. Proteomics profiling reveals the molecular signatures and potential therapeutic targets of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023:100567. [PMID: 37172717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignant tumor distinctly characterized by ethnic and geographic distribution, is highly prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia. However, the molecular mechanisms of NPC have not been fully revealed at the proteomic level. In this study, 30 primary NPC samples and 22 normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues were collected for proteomics analysis, and a relatively complete proteomics landscape of NPC was depicted for the first time. By combining differential expression analysis, differential co-expression analysis, and network analysis, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets were identified. Some identified targets were verified by biological experiments. We found that 17-AAG, a specific inhibitor of the identified target, HSP90, could be a potential therapeutic drug for NPC. Finally, consensus clustering identified two NPC subtypes with specific molecular features. The subtypes and the related molecules were verified by an independent data set and may have different progression-free survival. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular signatures of NPC and provide new perspectives and inspiration for prognostic determination and treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huichao Huang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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3
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Sandouk A, Xu Z, Baruah S, Tremblay M, Hopkins JB, Chakravarthy S, Gakhar L, Schnicker NJ, Houtman JCD. GRB2 dimerization mediated by SH2 domain-swapping is critical for T cell signaling and cytokine production. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3505. [PMID: 36864087 PMCID: PMC9981690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GRB2 is an adaptor protein required for facilitating cytoplasmic signaling complexes from a wide array of binding partners. GRB2 has been reported to exist in either a monomeric or dimeric state in crystal and solution. GRB2 dimers are formed by the exchange of protein segments between domains, otherwise known as "domain-swapping". Swapping has been described between SH2 and C-terminal SH3 domains in the full-length structure of GRB2 (SH2/C-SH3 domain-swapped dimer), as well as between α-helixes in isolated GRB2 SH2 domains (SH2/SH2 domain-swapped dimer). Interestingly, SH2/SH2 domain-swapping has not been observed within the full-length protein, nor have the functional influences of this novel oligomeric conformation been explored. We herein generated a model of full-length GRB2 dimer with an SH2/SH2 domain-swapped conformation supported by in-line SEC-MALS-SAXS analyses. This conformation is consistent with the previously reported truncated GRB2 SH2/SH2 domain-swapped dimer but different from the previously reported, full-length SH2/C-terminal SH3 (C-SH3) domain-swapped dimer. Our model is also validated by several novel full-length GRB2 mutants that favor either a monomeric or a dimeric state through mutations within the SH2 domain that abrogate or promote SH2/SH2 domain-swapping. GRB2 knockdown and re-expression of selected monomeric and dimeric mutants in a T cell lymphoma cell line led to notable defects in clustering of the adaptor protein LAT and IL-2 release in response to TCR stimulation. These results mirrored similarly-impaired IL-2 release in GRB2-deficient cells. These studies show that a novel dimeric GRB2 conformation with domain-swapping between SH2 domains and monomer/dimer transitions are critical for GRB2 to facilitate early signaling complexes in human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Sandouk
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sankar Baruah
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mikaela Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- Biophysics Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schnicker
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Exploring the effect of tethered domains on the folding of Grb2 protein. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wu LD, Xiao F, Sun JY, Li F, Chen YJ, Chen JY, Zhang J, Qian LL, Wang RX. Integrated identification of key immune related genes and patterns of immune infiltration in calcified aortic valvular disease: A network based meta-analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:971808. [PMID: 36212153 PMCID: PMC9532575 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the most prevalent valvular heart disease, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) has become a primary cause of aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency. We aim to illustrate the roles of immune related genes (IRGs) and immune cells infiltration in the occurrence of CAVD.Methods: Integrative meta-analysis of expression data (INMEX) was adopted to incorporate multiple gene expression datasets of CAVD from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By matching the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to IRGs from “ImmPort” database, differentially expressed immune related genes (DEIRGs) were screened out. We performed enrichment analysis and found that DEIRGs in CAVD were closely related to inflammatory response and immune cells infiltration. We also constructed protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEIRGs and identified 5 key DEIRGs in CAVD according to the mixed character calculation results. Moreover, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to explore the profile of infiltrating immune cells in CAVD. Based on Spearman’s rank correlation method, correlation analysis between key DEIRGs and infiltrating immune cells was performed.Results: A total of 220 DEIRGs were identified and the enrichment analysis of DEIRGs showed that they were significantly enriched in inflammatory responses. PPI network was constructed and PTPN11, GRB2, SYK, PTPN6 and SHC1 were identified as key DEIRGs. Compared with normal aortic valve tissue samples, the proportion of neutrophils, T cells CD4 memory activated and macrophages M0 was elevated in calcified aortic valves tissue samples, as well as reduced infiltration of macrophages M2 and NK cells activated. Furthermore, key DEIRGs identified in the present study, including PTPN11, GRB2, PTPN6, SYK, and SHC1, were all significantly correlated with infiltration of various immune cells.Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that PTPN11, GRB2, PTPN6, SYK, and SHC1 might be key DEIRGs associated with immune cells infiltration, which play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Jia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling-Ling Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ru-Xing Wang,
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Liu Y, Jang H, Zhang M, Tsai CJ, Maloney R, Nussinov R. The structural basis of BCR-ABL recruitment of GRB2 in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Biophys J 2022; 121:2251-2265. [PMID: 35651316 PMCID: PMC9279350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL drives chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). BCR binding to GRB2 transduces signaling via the Ras/MAPK pathway. Despite considerable data confirming the binding, molecular-level understanding of exactly how the two proteins interact, and, especially, what are the determinants of the specificity of the SH2GRB2 domain-phosphorylated BCR (pBCR) recognition are still open questions. Yet, this is vastly important for understanding binding selectivity, and for predicting the phosphorylated receptors, or peptides, that are likely to bind. Here, we uncover these determinants and ascertain to what extent they relate to the affinity of the interaction. Toward this end, we modeled the complexes of the pBCR and SH2GRB2 and other pY/Y-peptide-SH2 complexes and compared their specificity and affinity. We observed that pBCR's 176FpYVNV180 motif is favorable and specific to SH2GRB2, similar to pEGFR, but not other complexes. SH2GRB2 contains two binding pockets: pY-binding recognition pocket triggers binding, and the specificity pocket whose interaction is governed by N179 in pBCR and W121 in SH2GRB2. Our proposed motif with optimal affinity to SH2GRB2 is E/D-pY-E/V-N-I/L. Collectively, we provide the structural basis of BCR-ABL recruitment of GRB2, outline its specificity hallmarks, and delineate a blueprint for prediction of BCR-binding scaffolds and for therapeutic peptide design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Liu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ryan Maloney
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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7
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Chang SY, Han SZ, Choe HM, Gao K, Jin ZY, Liu XY, Yang LH, Lv ST, Yin XJ, Quan LH, Kang JD. miR-320 regulates myogenesis by targeting growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 and ameliorates myotubes atrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106212. [PMID: 35439649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass can lead to diseases such as sarcopenia, diabetes, and obesity, which can worsen the quality of life and increase the incidence of disease. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying skeletal muscle differentiation is vital to prevent muscle diseases. We previously found that microRNA-320 (miR-320) is highly expressed in the lean muscle-type pigs, but its regulatory role in myogenesis remains unclear. The bioinformatics prediction indicated that miR-320 could bind to the 3 'untranslated region of growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb2). We hypothesized that miR-320 targets Grb2 to regulate myoblasts differentiation. To verify this, we transfected miR-320 mimic and inhibitor into C2C12 myoblasts to assess the role of miR-320 during myoblasts differentiation. We used real-time qPCR, luciferase reporter assays, and western blotting to confirm that miR-320 directly targets Grb2 to promote myoblasts differentiation. Moreover, by using a dexamethasone-induced atrophic model of myotubes, we discovered that miR-320 promotes the repair of damaged myotubes. Our findings expand understanding of miRNAs and genes related to regulating skeletal muscle differentiation, and provide insight into underlying therapeutic strategies for muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hak-Myong Choe
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xin-Yue Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Si-Tong Lv
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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Kazemein Jasemi NS, Reza Ahmadian M. Allosteric regulation of GRB2 modulates RAS activation. Small GTPases 2022; 13:282-286. [PMID: 35703160 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2022.2089001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS activation is a multiple-step process in which linkage of the extracellular stimuli to the RAS activator SOS1 is the main step in RAS activation. GRB2 adaptor protein is the main modulator in SOS1 recruitment to the plasma membrane and its activation. This interaction is well studied but the exact mechanism of GRB2-SOS1 complex formation and SOS1 activation has yet remained obscure. Here, a new allosteric mechanism for the GRB2 regulation is described as a prerequisite for the modulation of SOS1 activation. This regulatory mechanism comprises a series of intramolecular interactions which are potentiated by GRB2 interaction with upstream ligands.Abbreviations: GRB2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; SOS1, son of sevenless 1; RAS, Rat Sarcoma; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor; SH3, SRC Homology 3; SH2, SRC Homology 2; PRD, proline-rich domain; PRM, proline-rich motif; PRP, proline-rich peptide; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Building 22.03, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Building 22.03, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany
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The intramolecular allostery of GRB2 governing its interaction with SOS1 is modulated by phosphotyrosine ligands. Biochem J 2021; 478:2793-2809. [PMID: 34232285 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) is a trivalent adaptor protein and a key element in signal transduction. It interacts via its flanking nSH3 and cSH3 domains with the proline-rich domain (PRD) of the RAS activator SOS1 and via its central SH2 domain with phosphorylated tyrosine residues of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; e.g. HER2). The elucidation of structural organization and mechanistic insights into GRB2 interactions, however, remain challenging due to their inherent flexibility. This study represents an important advance in our mechanistic understanding of how GRB2 links RTKs to SOS1. Accordingly, it can be proposed that (1) HER2 pYP-bound SH2 potentiates GRB2 SH3 domain interactions with SOS1 (an allosteric mechanism); (2) the SH2 domain blocks cSH3, enabling nSH3 to bind SOS1 first before cSH3 follows (an avidity-based mechanism); and (3) the allosteric behavior of cSH3 to other domains appears to be unidirectional, although there is an allosteric effect between the SH2 and SH3 domains.
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10
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Mushtaq U, Bashir M, Nabi S, Khanday FA. Epidermal growth factor receptor and integrins meet redox signaling through P66shc and Rac1. Cytokine 2021; 146:155625. [PMID: 34157521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the concerted role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and integrins in regulating Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through different signaling pathways. ROS as such are not always deleterious to the cells but they also act as signaling molecules, that regulates numerous indespensible physiological fuctions of life. Many adaptor proteins, particularly Shc and Grb2, are involved in mediating the downstream signaling pathways stimulated by EGFR and integrins. Integrin-induced activation of EGFR and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of a class of acceptor sites on EGFR leads to alignment and tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, PLCγ, the p85 subunit of PI-3 K, and Cbl, followed by activation of the downstream targets Erk and Akt/PKB. Functional interactions between these receptors result in the activation of Rac1 via these adaptor proteins, thereby leading to Reactive Oxygen Species. Both GF and integrin activation can produce oxidants independently, however synergistically there is increased ROS generation, suggesting a mutual cooperation between integrins and GFRs for redox signalling. The ROS produced further promotes feed-forward stimulation of redox signaling events such as MAPK activation and gene expression. This relationship has not been reviewed previously. The literature presented here can have multiple implications, ranging from looking at synergistic effects of integrin and EGFR mediated signaling mechanisms of different proteins to possible therapeutic interventions operated by these two receptors. Furthermore, such mutual redox regulation of crosstalk between EGFR and integrins not only add to the established models of pathological oxidative stress, but also can impart new avenues and opportunities for targeted antioxidant based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, JK 191201, India
| | - Muneesa Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, 190001, India
| | - Sumaiya Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India.
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Gagliardi M, Ashizawa AT. The Challenges and Strategies of Antisense Oligonucleotide Drug Delivery. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040433. [PMID: 33923688 PMCID: PMC8072990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are used to selectively inhibit the translation of disease-associated genes via Ribonuclease H (RNaseH)-mediated cleavage or steric hindrance. They are being developed as a novel and promising class of drugs targeting a wide range of diseases. Despite the great potential and numerous ASO drugs in preclinical research and clinical trials, there are many limitations to this technology. In this review we will focus on the challenges of ASO delivery and the strategies adopted to improve their stability in the bloodstream, delivery to target sites, and cellular uptake. Focusing on liposomal delivery, we will specifically describe liposome-incorporated growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb2) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide BP1001. BP1001 is unique because it is uncharged and is essentially non-toxic, as demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, its enhanced biodistribution makes it an attractive therapeutic modality for hematologic malignancies as well as solid tumors. A detailed understanding of the obstacles that ASOs face prior to reaching their targets and continued advances in methods to overcome them will allow us to harness ASOs’ full potential in precision medicine.
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12
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Exploration in the mechanism of fucosterol for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4901. [PMID: 33649481 PMCID: PMC7921686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol, a sterol isolated from brown algae, has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer properties. However, the effects and underlying molecular mechanism of fucosterol on non-small cell lung cancer remain to be elucidated. In this study, the corresponding targets of fucosterol were obtained from PharmMapper, and NSCLC related targets were gathered from the GeneCards database, and the candidate targets of fucosterol-treated NSCLC were predicted. The mechanism of fucosterol against NSCLC was identified in DAVID6.8 by enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG, and protein–protein interaction data were collected from STRING database. The hub gene GRB2 was further screened out and verified by molecular docking. Moreover, the relationship of GRB2 expression and immune infiltrates were analyzed by the TIMER database. The results of network pharmacology suggest that fucosterol acts against candidate targets, such as MAPK1, EGFR, GRB2, IGF2, MAPK8, and SRC, which regulate biological processes including negative regulation of the apoptotic process, peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation, positive regulation of cell proliferation. The Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway initiated by GRB2 showed to be significant in treating NSCLC. In conclusion, our study indicates that fucosterol may suppress NSCLC progression by targeting GRB2 activated the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which laying a theoretical foundation for further research and providing scientific support for the development of new drugs.
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Makukhin N, Ciulli A. Recent advances in synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phosphotyrosine and phosphonate-based phosphotyrosine analogues. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:8-23. [PMID: 34041480 PMCID: PMC8130623 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphotyrosine-containing compounds attract significant attention due to their potential to modulate signalling pathways by binding to phospho-writers, erasers and readers such as SH2 and PTB domain containing proteins. Phosphotyrosine derivatives provide useful chemical tools to study protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, and as such represent attractive starting points for the development of binding ligands and chemical probes to study biology, and for inhibitor and degrader drug design. To overcome enzymatic lability of the phosphate group, physiologically stable phosphonate-based phosphotyrosine analogues find utility in a wide range of applications. This review covers advances over the last decade in the design of phosphotyrosine and its phosphonate-based derivatives, highlights the improved and expanded synthetic toolbox, and illustrates applications in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Makukhin
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee Dow Street DD1 5EH Dundee UK
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee Dow Street DD1 5EH Dundee UK
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14
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Long noncoding RNA AC092171.4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by sponging microRNA-1271 and upregulating GRB2. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14141-14156. [PMID: 32692718 PMCID: PMC7425487 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AC092171.4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AC092171.4 was significantly upregulated in HCC tumor tissues compared to normal liver tissues. HCC patients with high AC092171.4 expression showed poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those with low AC092171.4 expression. In vitro cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness were all higher in AC092171.4-overexpressing HCC cells, but lower in AC092171.4-silenced HCC cells, than in controls. Balb/c nude mice injected with AC092171.4-silenced HCC cells had smaller xenograft tumors, which showed less growth and pulmonary metastasis than control tumors. Bioinformatics analyses and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that AC092171.4 binds directly to miR-1271, which targets the 3’UTR of GRB2 mRNA. AC092171.4 expression correlates negatively with miR1271 expression and correlates positively with GRB2 mRNA expression in HCC tissues from patients. HCC cells co-transfected with miR-1271 mimics and sh-AC092171.4 show less proliferation, migration, invasiveness, GRB2 protein, and epithelial to mesencyhmal transition (EMT) than sh-AC092171.4-transfected HCC cells. These findings demonstrate that AC092171.4 promotes growth and progression of HCC by sponging miR-1271 and upregulating GRB2. This makes AC092171.4 a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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15
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Liu J, Lian X, Liu F, Yan X, Cheng C, Cheng L, Sun X, Shi Z. Identification of Novel Key Targets and Candidate Drugs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Bioinform 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666191127101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant
epithelial neoplasm. It is located within the top 10 ranking incidence of cancers with a poor
prognosis and low survival rates. New breakthroughs of therapeutic strategies are therefore needed
to improve the survival rate of OSCC harboring patients.
Objective:
Since targeted therapy is considered as the most promising therapeutic strategies in
cancer, it is of great significance to identify novel targets and drugs for the treatment of OSCC.
Methods:
A series of bioinformatics approaches were launched to identify the hub proteins and
their potential agents. Microarray analysis and several online functional activity network analysis
were firstly utilized to recognize drug targets in OSCC. Subsequently, molecular docking was used
to screen their potential drugs from the specs chemistry database. At the same time, the assessment
of ligand-based virtual screening model was also evaluated.
Results:
In this study, two microarray data (GSE31056, GSE23558) were firstly selected and
analyzed to get consensus candidate genes including 681 candidate genes. Additionally, we
selected 33 candidate genes based on whether they belong to the kinases and transcription factors
and further clustered candidate hub targets based on functions and signaling pathways with
significant enrichment analysis by using DAVID and STRING online databases. Then, core PPI
network was then identified and we manually selected GRB2 and IGF1 as the key drug targets
according to the network analysis and previous references. Lastly, virtual screening was performed
to identify potential small molecules which could target these two targets, and such small
molecules can serve as the promising candidate agents for future drug development.
Conclusion:
In summary, our study might provide novel insights for understanding of the
underlying molecular events of OSCC, and our discovered candidate targets and candidate agents
could be used as the promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Medicine & Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics & Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xinjie Lian
- School of Medicine & Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics & Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Medicine & Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics & Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xueling Yan
- School of Medicine & Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics & Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- School of Medicine & Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics & Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Lijia Cheng
- School of Medicine & Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics & Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- School of Medicine & Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics & Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610015, China
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16
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Liu L, Wang S, Cen C, Peng S, Chen Y, Li X, Diao N, Li Q, Ma L, Han P. Identification of differentially expressed genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues based on microarray datasets. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1901-1914. [PMID: 31257501 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with rapid progression and poor prognosis. In the present study, 11 high‑quality microarray datasets, comprising 334 tumor samples and 151 non‑tumor samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus, were screened, and integrative meta‑analysis of expression data was used to identify gene signatures that differentiate between PDAC and normal pancreatic tissues. Following the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), two‑way hierarchical clustering analysis was performed for all DEGs using the gplots package in R software. Hub genes were then determined through protein‑protein interaction network analysis using NetworkAnalyst. In addition, functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses of all DEGs were conducted in the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. The expression levels and Kaplan‑Meier analysis of the top 10 upregulated and downregulated genes were verified in The Cancer Genome Atlas. A total of 1,587 DEGs, including 1,004 upregulated and 583 downregulated genes, were obtained by comparing PDAC with normal tissues. Of these, hematological and neurological expressed 1, integrin subunit α2 (ITGA2) and S100 calcium‑binding protein A6 (S100A6) were the top upregulated genes, and kinesin family member 1A, Dymeclin and β‑secretase 1 were the top downregulated genes. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was performed to examine the expression levels of S100A6, KRT19 and GNG7, and the results suggested that S100A6 was significantly upregulated in PDAC compared with normal pancreatic tissues. ITGA2 overexpression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival times, whereas family with sequence similarity 46 member C overexpression was strongly associated with longer overall survival times. In addition, network‑based meta‑analysis confirmed growth factor receptor‑bound protein 2 and histone deacetylase 5 as pivotal hub genes in PDAC compared with normal tissue. In conclusion, the results of the present meta‑analysis identified PDAC‑related gene signatures, providing new perspectives and potential targets for PDAC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chunyuan Cen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Peng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Nan Diao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- Advanced Application Team, GE Healthcare, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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17
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Yang L, Wen Y, Lv G, Lin Y, Tang J, Lu J, Zhang M, Liu W, Sun X. α-Lipoic acid inhibits human lung cancer cell proliferation through Grb2-mediated EGFR downregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:325-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Liang C, Xu Y, Ge H, Xing B, Li G, Li G, Wu J. miR-564 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by targeting the GRB2-ERK1/2-AKT axis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107543-107557. [PMID: 29296185 PMCID: PMC5746087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that miR-564 is closely related to the development of various tumors, including breast cancer, lung cancer and glioma. However, few studies have examined miR-564 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we demonstrated that miR-564 expression in HCC tissues was lower than that in adjacent noncancerous tissues and that miR-564 expression was associated with tumor size, tumor number and vein invasion. Bioinformatics analyses showed that low levels of miR-564 were correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-564 impaired SMCC7721 and MHCC97H cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and reduced tumorigenesis in vivo. Next, we found that GRB2 was a direct target gene of miR-564 in the HCC cell lines. GRB2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and negatively correlated with miR-564 expression levels. When GRB2 was downregulated by GRB2-siRNA, HCC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis were impaired, and restoring GRB2 expression partially reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-564. Western blot analysis showed that miR-564 overexpression reduced GRB2 expression in HCC cell lines and inhibited ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. miR-564 overexpression also upregulated the epithelial-like cell marker E-cadherin and downregulated the interstitial cell-like markers N-cadherin and vimentin. These results suggest that miR-564 inhibits the malignant phenotype of HCC cells by targeting the GRB2-ERK1/2-AKT axis. Consequently, miR-564 may be used as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yingchen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hua Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bingchen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guanqun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing 100730, China
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19
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Beigbeder A, Chartier FJM, Bisson N. MPZL1 forms a signalling complex with GRB2 adaptor and PTPN11 phosphatase in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11514. [PMID: 28912526 PMCID: PMC5599542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2/ErbB2 is overexpressed in a significant fraction of breast tumours and is associated with a poor prognosis. The adaptor protein GRB2 interacts directly with activated HER2 and is sufficient to transmit oncogenic signals. However, the consequence of HER2 activation on global GRB2 signalling networks is poorly characterized. We performed GRB2 affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry analysis of associated proteins in a HER2+ breast cancer model to delineate GRB2-nucleated protein interaction networks. We report the identification of the transmembrane protein MPZL1 as a new GRB2-associated protein. Our data show that the PTPN11 tyrosine phosphatase acts as a scaffold to bridge the association between GRB2 and MPZL1 in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that the formation of this MPZL1-PTPN11-GRB2 complex is triggered by cell attachment to fibronectin. Thus, our data support the importance of this new signalling complex in the control of cell adhesion of HER2+ breast cancer cells, a key feature of the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Beigbeder
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François J M Chartier
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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20
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Bhullar KS, Jha A, Rupasinghe HPV. Novel carbocyclic curcumin analog CUR3d modulates genes involved in multiple apoptosis pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:107-22. [PMID: 26409325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of a novel curcumin analog (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)cyclopentanone (CUR3d) was studied using a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The results showed that CUR3d completely inhibits the tumor cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CUR3d at 100 μmol/L activated the pro-apoptotic caspase-3 along with downregulation of anti-apoptotic BIRC5 and Bcl2. CUR3d treatment controlled the cancer cell growth by downregulating the expression of PI3K/Akt (Akt1, Akt2) pathway along with NF-κB. CUR3d down-regulated the members of epidermal growth receptor family (EGFR, ERBB3, ERBB2) and insulin like growth receptors (IGF1, IGF-1R, IGF2). This correlated with the downregulation of G-protein (RHOA, RHOB) and RAS (ATF2, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS) pathway signaling. CUR3d also arrested cell cycle via inhibition of CDK2, CDK4, CDK5, CDK9, MDM2, MDM4 and TERT genes. Cell cycle essential aurora kinases (AURKα, AURKβ) and polo-like kinases (PLK1, PLK2, PLK3) were also modulated by CUR3d. Topoisomerases (TOP2α, TOP2β), important factors in cancer cell immortality, as well as HIF-1α were downregulated following CUR3d treatment. The expression of protein kinase-C family (PRKC-A, PRKC-D, PRKC-E) was also attenuated by CUR3d. The downregulation of histone deacetylases (Class I, II, IV) and PARP I further strengthened the anticancer efficacy of CUR3d. Downregulation of carcinogenic cathepsins (CTSB, CTSD) and heat shock proteins exhibited CUR3d's potency as a potential immunological adjuvant. Finally, the non-toxic manifestation of CUR3d in healthy liver and lung cells along with downregulation of drug resistant gene ABCC1 further warrant need for advance investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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21
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Overexpression of GRB2 is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 7:3132-40. [PMID: 25031732 PMCID: PMC4097250 DOI: pmid/25031732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The adapter protein growth factor receptor-bound 2 (GRB2) is essential for various basic cellular functions by mediating the regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, however, little is known about GRB2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We sought to characterize GRB2 expression and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance in ESCC patients. Here, it was presented that GRB2 was overexpressed in cytoplasm in 58.1% (100/172) of ESCC cases by immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis demonstrated overexpression of GRB2 protein was significantly related to poor prognosis of ESCC patients (P = 0.021). Furthermore, overexpression of GRB2 was significantly associated with the lymph node metastases. In addition, subgroup analysis according to lymph node metastasis revealed a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in the ESCC patients with GRB2 overexpression than the patients with GRB2 low-expression (Means for DFS months: 33.8 versus 52.1). Finally, the significant difference between overexpression of GRB2 and poor survival rates exhibited in univariate analysis (P = 0.022) and multivariate Cox analysis (close to significance, P = 0.065), demonstrated that GRB2 was an independent factor in prognosis of ESCC patients. In conclusion, GRB2 expression status could be as a positive biomarker of ESCC progression and lymph node metastasis.
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22
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Bilal MY, Houtman JCD. GRB2 Nucleates T Cell Receptor-Mediated LAT Clusters That Control PLC-γ1 Activation and Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2015; 6:141. [PMID: 25870599 PMCID: PMC4378308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GRB2 is a ubiquitously expressed adaptor protein required for signaling downstream of multiple receptors. To address the role of GRB2 in receptor-mediated signaling, the expression of GRB2 was suppressed in human CD4+ T cells and its role downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) was examined. Interestingly, GRB2 deficient T cells had enhanced signaling from complexes containing the TCR. However, GRB2 deficient T cells had substantially reduced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. This defect was attributed to diminished formation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) signaling clusters, which resulted in reduced MAP kinase activation, calcium flux, and PLC-γ1 recruitment to LAT signaling clusters. Add back of wild-type GRB2, but not a novel N-terminal SH3 domain mutant, rescued LAT microcluster formation, calcium mobilization, and cytokine release, providing the first direct evidence that GRB2, and its ability to bind to SH3 domain ligands, is required for establishing LAT microclusters. Our data demonstrate that the ability of GRB2 to facilitate protein clusters is equally important in regulating TCR-mediated functions as its capacity to recruit effector proteins. This highlights that GRB2 regulates signaling downstream of adaptors and receptors by both recruiting effector proteins and regulating the formation of signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Yousif Bilal
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
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23
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Li LY, Zhang K, Jiang H, Xie YM, Liao LD, Chen B, Du ZP, Zhang PX, Chen H, Huang W, Jia W, Cao HH, Zheng W, Li EM, Xu LY. Quantitative proteomics reveals the downregulation of GRB2 as a prominent node of F806-targeted cell proliferation network. J Proteomics 2015; 117:145-55. [PMID: 25659534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-throughput proteomics has successfully identified thousands of proteins as potential therapeutic targets during investigations into mechanisms of drug action. A novel macrolide analog, denoted F806, is a potential antitumor drug. Here, using the quantitative proteomic approach of stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), we characterize the F806-regulating protein profiles and identify the potential target molecules or pathways of F806 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. From a total of 1931 quantified proteins, 181 proteins were found to be down-regulated (FDR p-value<0.1, H/L ratio<0.738), and 119 proteins were up-regulated (FDR p-value<0.1, H/L ratio>1.156). Among the down-regulated proteins, we uncovered the over- and under-represented protein clusters in biological process and molecular function respectively by Gene Ontology analysis. Furthermore, down-regulated and up-regulated proteins were significantly enriched in 37 pathways and 60 sub-pathways by bioinformatic analysis (FDR p-value<0.1), while a down-regulated molecule growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) was a prominent node in fourteen cell proliferation-related sub-pathways. We concluded that GRB2 downregulation would be a potential target of F806 in ESCC cells. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study used SILAC-based quantitative proteomics screen to systematically characterize molecular changes induced by a novel macrolide analog F806 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Followed by bioinformatic analyses, signal pathway networks generated from the quantified proteins, would facilitate future investigation into the further mechanisms of F806 in ESCC cells. Notably, it provided information that growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) would be a prominent node in the F806-targeted cell proliferation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yang-Min Xie
- Experimental Animal Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ze-Peng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Pi-Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hui-Hui Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Clark JABJ, Tully SJ, Dawn Marshall H. Sequence analysis of the Ras-MAPK pathway genes SOS1, EGFR & GRB2 in silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes): candidate genes for hereditary hyperplastic gingivitis. Genetica 2014; 142:517-23. [PMID: 25377643 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-014-9798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hyperplastic gingivitis (HHG) is an autosomal recessive disease that presents with progressive gingival proliferation in farmed silver foxes. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is an analogous condition in humans that is genetically heterogeneous with several known autosomal dominant loci. For one locus the causative mutation is in the Son of sevenless homologue 1 (SOS1) gene. For the remaining loci, the molecular mechanisms are unknown but Ras pathway involvement is suspected. Here we compare sequences for the SOS1 gene, and two adjacent genes in the Ras pathway, growth receptor bound protein 2 (GRB2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), between HHG-affected and unaffected foxes. We conclude that the known HGF causative mutation does not cause HHG in foxes, nor do the coding regions or intron-exon boundaries of these three genes contain any candidate mutations for fox gum disease. Patterns of molecular evolution among foxes and other mammals reflect high conservation and strong functional constraints for SOS1 and GRB2 but reveal a lineage-specific pattern of variability in EGFR consistent with mutational rate differences, relaxed functional constraints, and possibly positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anna B J Clark
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's NL, A1B 3X9, Canada,
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Baksi S, Basu S, Mukhopadhyay D. Mutant huntingtin replaces Gab1 and interacts with C-terminal SH3 domain of growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2). Neurosci Res 2014; 87:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Identification of GRB2 and GAB1 coexpression as an unfavorable prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma by a combination of expression profile and network analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85170. [PMID: 24391994 PMCID: PMC3877332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To screen novel markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by a combination of expression profile, interaction network analysis and clinical validation. Methods HCC significant molecules which are differentially expressed or had genetic variations in HCC tissues were obtained from five existing HCC related databases (OncoDB.HCC, HCC.net, dbHCCvar, EHCO and Liverome). Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these molecules was constructed. Three topological features of the network ('Degree', 'Betweenness', and 'Closeness') and the k-core algorithm were used to screen candidate HCC markers which play crucial roles in tumorigenesis of HCC. Furthermore, the clinical significance of two candidate HCC markers growth factor receptor-bound 2 (GRB2) and GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 (GAB1) was validated. Results In total, 6179 HCC significant genes and 977 HCC significant proteins were collected from existing HCC related databases. After network analysis, 331 candidate HCC markers were identified. Especially, GAB1 has the highest k-coreness suggesting its central localization in HCC related network, and the interaction between GRB2 and GAB1 has the largest edge-betweenness implying it may be biologically important to the function of HCC related network. As the results of clinical validation, the expression levels of both GRB2 and GAB1 proteins were significantly higher in HCC tissues than those in their adjacent nonneoplastic tissues. More importantly, the combined GRB2 and GAB1 protein expression was significantly associated with aggressive tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Conclusion This study provided an integrative analysis by combining expression profile and interaction network analysis to identify a list of biologically significant HCC related markers and pathways. Further experimental validation indicated that the aberrant expression of GRB2 and GAB1 proteins may be strongly related to tumor progression and prognosis in patients with HCC. The overexpression of GRB2 in combination with upregulation of GAB1 may be an unfavorable prognostic factor for HCC.
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Increase of Grb2 and Ras Proteins and Expression of Growth Factors in LPS Stimulated Odontoblast-like Dental Pulp Cells. Appl Microsc 2013. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2013.43.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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de Mol NJ, Kruijtzer JA, Moret EE, Broutin I, Liskamp RM. Unusual binding of Grb2 protein to a bivalent polyproline-ligand immobilized on a SPR sensor: Intermolecular bivalent binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:524-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Simister PC, Luccarelli J, Thompson S, Appella DH, Feller SM, Hamilton AD. Novel inhibitors of a Grb2 SH3C domain interaction identified by a virtual screen. Bioorg Med Chem 2012. [PMID: 23182216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Grb2 links cell-surface receptors, such as Her2, to the multisite docking proteins Gab1 and 2, leading to cell growth and proliferation in breast and other cancers. Gab2 interacts with the C-terminal SH3 domain (SH3C) of Grb2 through atypical RxxK motifs within polyproline II or 310 helices. A virtual screen was conducted for putative binders of the Grb2 SH3C domain. Of the top hits, 34 were validated experimentally by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. A subset of these molecules was found to inhibit the Grb2-Gab2 interaction in a competition assay, with moderate to low affinities (5: IC50 320μM). The most promising binders were based on a dihydro-s-triazine scaffold, and are the first small molecules reported to target the Grb2 SH3C protein-interaction surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Simister
- Biological Systems Architecture Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
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Arumugam A, Parada J, Rajkumar L. Mammary cancer promotion by ovarian hormones involves IGFR/AKT/mTOR signaling. Steroids 2012; 77:791-7. [PMID: 22465879 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we observed that N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary lesions are promoted to overt mammary cancers by exogenous administration of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P). The purpose of the present study was to identify the early molecular events occurring during the hormonal promotion of mammary carcinogenesis and persistent activation of molecular pathways responsible for tumor growth. Seven-week-old female Copenhagen (COP) rats, which are resistant to MNU-induced mammary carcinogenesis, were intraperitoneally administered a single dose of MNU (50 mg/kg body weight). Six weeks after carcinogen administration, the rats were treated with E+P, killed at 15th week and 43rd week to obtain mammary lesions and tumor tissues and the molecular analysis were performed. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed increased mRNA expression of Igfr, Grb2, Sos1, and Shc1 in mammary lesions and tumors. Immunoblot data also showed increased protein levels of IGFR, GRB2 and SHC1 in mammary lesions and tumors, which is in correlation with their respective RT-PCR data. Activation of AKT and ERK1/2 were up regulated in E+P treated mammary lesions and tumors. Molecular analysis of mTOR pathway proteins revealed increased phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4EBP1 in the hormone treated tumors indicating the activation of mTOR signaling. E+P treatment reduced the protein expression of BAX and increased BCL2 expression along with down regulation of active caspase 3 and 8. Together, these data demonstrate that ovarian hormones promote the lesions to mammary tumors by enhancing IGFR and Akt/mTOR signaling along with inhibition of apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Arumugam
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Dr. PIAS: an integrative system for assessing the druggability of protein-protein interactions. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12:50. [PMID: 21303559 PMCID: PMC3228542 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The amount of data on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) available in public databases and in the literature has rapidly expanded in recent years. PPI data can provide useful information for researchers in pharmacology and medicine as well as those in interactome studies. There is urgent need for a novel methodology or software allowing the efficient utilization of PPI data in pharmacology and medicine. Results To address this need, we have developed the 'Druggable Protein-protein Interaction Assessment System' (Dr. PIAS). Dr. PIAS has a meta-database that stores various types of information (tertiary structures, drugs/chemicals, and biological functions associated with PPIs) retrieved from public sources. By integrating this information, Dr. PIAS assesses whether a PPI is druggable as a target for small chemical ligands by using a supervised machine-learning method, support vector machine (SVM). Dr. PIAS holds not only known druggable PPIs but also all PPIs of human, mouse, rat, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins identified to date. Conclusions The design concept of Dr. PIAS is distinct from other published PPI databases in that it focuses on selecting the PPIs most likely to make good drug targets, rather than merely collecting PPI data.
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Orcajo-Rincón ÁL, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, Serrano P, Torrecillas IR, Wüthrich K, Campillo M, Pardo L, Viso A, Benhamú B, López-Rodríguez ML. Development of Non-Peptide Ligands of Growth Factor Receptor-Bound Protein 2-Src Homology 2 Domain Using Molecular Modeling and NMR Spectroscopy. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1096-100. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101478n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel L. Orcajo-Rincón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ivan R. Torrecillas
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology
| | - Mercedes Campillo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alma Viso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bellinda Benhamú
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L. López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Liu F, Giubellino A, Simister PC, Qian W, Giano MC, Feller SM, Bottaro DP, Burke TR. Application of ring-closing metathesis to Grb2 SH3 domain-binding peptides. Biopolymers 2011; 96:780-8. [PMID: 21830199 PMCID: PMC3402909 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Molecular processes depending on protein–protein interactions can use consensus recognition sequences that possess defined secondary structures. Left-handed polyproline II (PPII) helices are a class of secondary structure commonly involved with cellular signal transduction. However, unlike -helices, for which a substantial body of work exists regarding applications of ring-closing metathesis (RCM), there are few reports on the stabilization of PPII helices by RCM methodologies. The current study examined the effects of RCM macrocyclization on left-handed PPII helices involved with the SH3 domain-mediated binding of Sos1–Grb2. Starting with the Sos1-derived peptide “Ac-V1-P2-P3-P4-V5-P6-P7-R8-R9-R10-amide,” RCM macrocyclizations were conducted using alkenyl chains of varying lengths originating from the pyrrolidine rings of the Pro4 and Pro7 residues. The resulting macrocyclic peptides showed increased helicity as indicated by circular dichroism and enhanced abilities to block Grb2–Sos1 interactions in cell lysate pull-down assays. The synthetic approach may be useful in RCM macrocyclizations, where maintenance of proline integrity at both ring junctures is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Alessio Giubellino
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20989
| | - Philip C. Simister
- Cell Signalling Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Wenjian Qian
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Michael C. Giano
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Stephan M. Feller
- Cell Signalling Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Donald P. Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20989
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Molecular Discovery Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
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Jacobsen Ø, Klaveness J, Rongved P. Structural and pharmacological effects of ring-closing metathesis in peptides. Molecules 2010; 15:6638-77. [PMID: 20877250 PMCID: PMC6257744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15096638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of ring-closing alkene metathesis (RCM) in acyclic α- and β-peptides and closely related systems are reviewed, with a special emphasis on the structural and pharmacological effects of cyclization by RCM.
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Zhao W, Jaganathan S, Turkson J. A cell-permeable Stat3 SH2 domain mimetic inhibits Stat3 activation and induces antitumor cell effects in vitro. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35855-65. [PMID: 20807764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.154088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the role of constitutively active Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat) 3 in human tumors, Stat3 inhibitors would be useful as novel therapeutics and as tools for probing Stat3-mediated tumor processes. We herein report that a 28-mer peptide, SPI, derived from the Stat3 SH2 domain, replicates Stat3 biochemical properties. Studies show SPI and Stat3 (or Stat3 SH2 domain) bind with similar affinities to known Stat3-binding phosphotyrosine (pY) peptide motifs, including those of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the high-affinity, IL-6R/gp130-derived pY-peptide, GpYLPQTV-NH(2). Consequently, SPI functions as a potent and selective inhibitor of Stat3 SH2 domain:pTyr interactions and disrupts the binding of Stat3 to the IL-6R/gp130 peptide, GpYLPQTV-NH(2). Fluorescence imaging and immunofluorescence staining/laser-scanning confocal microscopy show SPI is cell membrane-permeable, associates with the cytoplasmic tail of EGFR in NIH3T3/hEGFR, and is present in the cytoplasm, but strongly localized at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus in malignant cells harboring persistently active Stat3. Moreover, SPI specifically blocks constitutive Stat3 phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and transcriptional function in malignant cells, with little or no effect on the induction of Stat1, Stat5, and Erk1/2(MAPK) pathways, or on general pTyr profile at the concentrations that inhibit Stat3 activity. Significantly, treatment with SPI of human breast, pancreatic, prostate, and non-small cell lung cancer cells harboring constitutively active Stat3 induced extensive morphology changes, associated with viability loss and apoptosis. Our study identifies SPI as a novel molecular probe for interrogating Stat3 signaling and that functions as a selective inhibitor of Stat3 activation with antitumor cell effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
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Riera L, Lasorsa E, Ambrogio C, Surrenti N, Voena C, Chiarle R. Involvement of Grb2 adaptor protein in nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK)-mediated signaling and anaplastic large cell lymphoma growth. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26441-50. [PMID: 20554525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) express oncogenic fusion proteins derived from chromosomal translocations or inversions of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. Frequently ALCL carry the t(2;5) translocation, which fuses the ALK gene to the nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene. The transforming activity mediated by NPM-ALK fusion induces different pathways that control proliferation and survival of lymphoma cells. Grb2 is an adaptor protein thought to play an important role in ALK-mediated transformation, but its interaction with NPM-ALK, as well as its function in regulating ALCL signaling pathways and cell growth, has never been elucidated. Here we show that active NPM-ALK, but not a kinase-dead mutant, bound and induced Grb2 phosphorylation in tyrosine 160. An intact SH3 domain at the C terminus of Grb2 was required for Tyr(160) phosphorylation. Furthermore, Grb2 did not bind to a single region but rather to different regions of NPM-ALK, mainly Tyr(152-156), Tyr(567), and a proline-rich region, Pro(415-417). Finally, shRNA knockdown experiments showed that Grb2 regulates primarily the NPM-ALK-mediated phosphorylation of SHP2 and plays a key role in ALCL cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Riera
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Integration of the beta-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway with integrin signaling through the adaptor molecule Grb2. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7841. [PMID: 19924227 PMCID: PMC2773007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND THE COMPLEXITY OF WNT SIGNALING LIKELY STEMS FROM TWO SOURCES: multiple pathways emanating from frizzled receptors in response to wnt binding, and modulation of those pathways and target gene responsiveness by context-dependent signals downstream of growth factor and matrix receptors. Both rac1 and c-jun have recently been implicated in wnt signaling, however their upstream activators have not been identified. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we identify the adapter protein Grb2, which is itself an integrator of multiple signaling pathways, as a modifier of beta-catenin-dependent wnt signaling. Grb2 synergizes with wnt3A, constitutively active (CA) LRP6, Dvl2 or CA-beta-catenin to drive a LEF/TCF-responsive reporter, and dominant negative (DN) Grb2 or siRNA to Grb2 block wnt3A-mediated reporter activity. MMP9 is a target of beta-catenin-dependent wnt signaling, and an MMP9 promoter reporter is also responsive to signals downstream of Grb2. Both a jnk inhibitor and DN-c-jun block transcriptional activation downstream of Dvl2 and Grb2, as does DN-rac1. Integrin ligation by collagen also synergizes with wnt signaling as does overexpression of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), and this is blocked by DN-Grb2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that integrin ligation and FAK activation synergize with wnt signaling through a Grb2-rac-jnk-c-jun pathway, providing a context-dependent mechanism for modulation of wnt signaling.
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Li H, Ung CY, Ma XH, Liu XH, Li BW, Low BC, Chen YZ. Pathway sensitivity analysis for detecting pro-proliferation activities of oncogenes and tumor suppressors of epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway at altered protein levels. Cancer 2009; 115:4246-63. [PMID: 19551902 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mathematic models and sensitivity analyses of biologic pathways have been used for exploring the dynamics and for detecting the key components of signaling pathways. METHODS The authors previously developed a mathematic model of the epidermal growth factor receptor-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (EGFR-ERK) pathway using ordinary differential equations from existing EGFR-ERK pathway models. By using prolonged ERK activation as an indicator that may lead to cell proliferation under certain circumstances, in the current study, a pathway sensitivity analysis was performed to test its capability of detecting pro-proliferative activities through altered protein levels to examine the effects on ERK activation. RESULTS The analysis revealed that 12 of 20 oncoproteins and 4 of 5 tumor suppressors were detected, consistent with reported experimental works. Because pathway dynamics depend on many factors, some of which were not included in the current models, failure to detect all known oncogenes and tumor suppressors can be because of the failure to include relevant crosstalk to other pathway components. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current results indicated that pathway sensitivity analysis is a useful approach for detecting and distinguishing pro-proliferation activities of oncoproteins and suppressed proliferative activities of tumor suppressors at altered protein levels at least in the EGFR-ERK model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Giubellino A, Shi ZD, Jenkins LMM, Worthy KM, Bindu LK, Athauda G, Peruzzi B, Fisher RJ, Appella E, Burke TR, Bottaro DP. Selectivity and mechanism of action of a growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 SRC homology 2 domain binding antagonist. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7459-68. [PMID: 18989951 DOI: 10.1021/jm800523u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that a potent synthetic antagonist of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) Src homology 2 (SH2) domain binding (1) blocks growth factor stimulated motility, invasion, and angiogenesis in cultured cell models, as well as tumor metastasis in animals. To characterize the selectivity of 1 for the SH2 domain of Grb2 over other proteins containing similar structural binding motifs, we synthesized a biotinylated derivative (3) that retained high affinity Grb2 SH2 domain binding and potent biological activity. To investigate the selectivity of 1 and 3 for Grb2, the biotinylated antagonist 3 was used to immobilize target proteins from cell extracts for subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. Non-specific binding was identified in parallel using a biotinylated analogue that lacked a single critical binding determinant. The mechanism of action of the antagonist was further characterized by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and light microscopy. This approach to defining protein binding antagonist selectivity and molecular basis of action should be widely applicable in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Giubellino
- Urologic Oncology Branch and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Yu GZ, Chen Y, Wang JJ. Overexpression of Grb2/HER2 signaling in Chinese gastric cancer: their relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1331-9. [PMID: 19337752 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth factor receptor-bound 2 (Grb2)-mediated HER2 signaling is thought to play a critical role in gastric cancer development, progression and metastasis. However, little is known about their expression in gastric cancer. In this study, we try to explore their relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance in gastric cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the expression of Grb2 and HER2 in normal gastric mucosa, primary gastric cancers, and lymph node metastases using immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays containing specimens obtained from 1,143 patients with gastric cancer. RESULTS Grb2 was overexpressed in 48% (553/1,143) of primary tumors and 59% (155/262) of lymph node metastases. We observed significant differences in Grb2 expression between the primary tumors and the lymph node metastases (P < 0.01). Also, HER2 was overexpressed in 28% (321/1,143) of the primary tumors and 30% (79/262) of the lymph node metastases. Overexpression of Grb2 and Her2 was associated with age (>60 years), tumor location (cardia of stomach), adenocarcinoma, and high/moderate differentiation. A significant relationship was found between Grb2 and HER2 expression using Chi-Square Tests and Spearman Correlation. Overexpression of Grb2 correlated significantly with poor survival rates in both univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated a progressive amplification of Grb2 and HER2 expression in gastric carcinogenesis, suggesting the importance of Grb2 and HER2 as positive biomarkers for gastric cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Zhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, 200070 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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41
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Cecconi D, Donadelli M, Dalla Pozza E, Rinalducci S, Zolla L, Scupoli MT, Righetti PG, Scarpa A, Palmieri M. Synergistic effect of trichostatin A and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine on growth inhibition of pancreatic endocrine tumour cell lines: A proteomic study. Proteomics 2009; 9:1952-66. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2: role in prolactin/epidermal growth factor cross talk in mammary epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:2505-20. [PMID: 19273609 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00034-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing mechanisms regulating mammary cell growth and differentiation is vital, as they may contribute to breast carcinogenesis. Here, we examine a cross talk mechanism(s) downstream of prolactin (PRL), a primary differentiation hormone, and epidermal growth factor (EGF), an important proliferative factor, in mammary epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Our data indicate that EGF exerts inhibitory effects on PRL-induced cellular differentiation by interfering with Stat5a-mediated gene expression independent of the PRL-proximal signaling cascade. Additionally, our data show that PRL is a potent inhibitor of EGF-induced cell proliferation. We identify tyrosine phosphorylation of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) as a critical mechanism by which PRL antagonizes EGF-induced cell proliferation by attenuating the activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Together, our results define a novel negative cross-regulation between PRL and EGF involving the Jak2/Stat5a and Ras/MAPK pathways through tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb2.
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43
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Albrethsen J, Kaas A, Schönle E, Swift P, Kocova M, Gammeltoft S, Hansen L, Mortensen HB. Evaluation of a type 1 diabetes serum cohort by SELDI-TOF MS protein profiling. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:383-93. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Giubellino A, Burke TR, Bottaro DP. Grb2 signaling in cell motility and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:1021-33. [PMID: 18620523 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.8.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the primary cause of death in most human cancers, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning this multistep process is fundamental to identifying novel molecular targets and developing more effective therapies. OBJECTIVE/METHODS Here we review the role of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) in cancer and specifically in metastasis-related processes, and summarize the development of anticancer therapeutics selectively targeting this adapter protein. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Grb2 is a key molecule in intracellular signal transduction, linking activated cell surface receptors to downstream targets by binding to specific phosphotyrosine-containing and proline-rich sequence motifs. Grb2 signaling is critical for cell cycle progression and actin-based cell motility, and, consequently, more complex processes such as epithelial morphogenesis, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. These functions make Grb2 a therapeutic target for strategies designed to prevent the spread of solid tumors through local invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Giubellino
- National Cancer Institute, Urologic Oncology Branch, CCR, Building 10, 10 Center Drive MSC 1107, Bethesda, MD 20892-1107, USA.
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45
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Xu J, Wong C. A computational screen for mouse signaling pathways targeted by microRNA clusters. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 14:1276-1283. [PMID: 18511500 PMCID: PMC2441985 DOI: 10.1261/rna.997708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one class of short, endogenous RNAs which can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Previous analysis revealed that mammalian miRNAs tend to cluster on chromosomes. However, the functional consequences of this clustering and conservation property are largely unknown. In this study we present a method to identify signaling pathways targeted by clustered miRNAs. We performed a computational screen for mouse signaling pathways targeted by miRNA clusters. Here, we report that the target genes of 3 miRNA clusters are overrepresented in 15 signaling pathways. We provided experimental evidence that one miRNA cluster, mmu-mir-183-96-182 targets Irs1, Rasa1, and Grb2, all of which are located in the insulin signaling pathway. Theses results suggest that by targeting components with different roles along a signaling pathway, different members of one miRNA cluster can act as a whole to coordinately control the signal transduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Xu
- Center of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China 510663
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46
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Galliher-Beckley AJ, Schiemann WP. Grb2 binding to Tyr284 in TbetaR-II is essential for mammary tumor growth and metastasis stimulated by TGF-beta. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:244-51. [PMID: 18174260 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) associates with the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor [TbetaR-II] upon its phosphorylation on Tyr284 by Src. Although this phosphotransferase reaction is critical in mediating TGF-beta stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), the necessity of Grb2 in promoting these TGF-beta-dependent events remain purely correlative. Herein, we further evaluated the role of Grb2 in mediating the oncogenic activities of TGF-beta and show that the binding of Grb2 to TbetaR-II paralleled the induction of EMT in MECs stimulated by TGF-beta. Introducing siRNAs against Grb2 or expression of a TbetaR-II mutant that cannot bind Grb2 (i.e. Y284F-TbetaR-II) had no effect on the ability of TGF-beta to activate Smad3, but significantly impaired its stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in MECs. Importantly, these same cellular conditions also prevented the ability of MECs to undergo EMT in response to TGF-beta, and to invade synthetic basement membranes when stimulated by beta3 integrin and TGF-beta. Finally, we show that the ability of TGF-beta to stimulate breast cancer growth and pulmonary metastasis in mice required TbetaR-II to be phosphorylated on Tyr284, which activated p38 MAPK in developing and progressing mammary tumors. Collectively, our findings have established the necessity of Grb2 in mediating TGF-beta stimulation of EMT and invasion in MECs, as well as demonstrated the essential function of the alphavbeta3 integrin:Src:phospho-Y284-TbetaR-II:Grb2:p38 MAPK signaling axis to promote breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Galliher-Beckley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Liu F, Worthy KM, Bindu LK, Fisher RJ, Burke TR. Structural examination of ring-closing metathesis-derived 15-member macrocycles as Grb2 SH2 domain-binding tetrapeptide mimetics. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9635-42. [PMID: 17990895 DOI: 10.1021/jo701831q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) was employed to join carboxy-terminal alkenyl glycine side chains together with vinyl- and allyl-functionality appended to the beta-methylene of amino-terminal phosphotyrosyl (pTyr) mimetics. This required the synthesis of a variety of new pTyr mimetics, including a novel aza-containing analogue. Many of the resulting 15-member macrocyclic tetrapeptide mimetics exhibited low nanomolar Grb2 SH2 domain-binding affinities in spite of the fact that differing ring junction stereochemistries and geometries of the RCM-derived double bond were employed. The finding that significant latitude exists in the structural requirements for ring closure may facilitate the development of therapeutically relevant macrocyle-based Grb2 SH2 domain-binding antagonists. The synthetic approaches used in this study may also find application to peptide mimetics directed at other biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Giubellino A, Gao Y, Lee S, Lee MJ, Vasselli JR, Medepalli S, Trepel JB, Burke TR, Bottaro DP. Inhibition of tumor metastasis by a growth factor receptor bound protein 2 Src homology 2 domain-binding antagonist. Cancer Res 2007; 67:6012-6. [PMID: 17616655 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, the primary cause of death in most forms of cancer, is a multistep process whereby cells from the primary tumor spread systemically and colonize distant new sites. Blocking critical steps in this process could potentially inhibit tumor metastasis and dramatically improve cancer survival rates; however, our understanding of metastasis at the molecular level is still rudimentary. Growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2) is a widely expressed adapter protein with roles in epithelial cell growth and morphogenesis, as well as angiogenesis, making it a logical target for anticancer drug development. We have previously shown that a potent antagonist of Grb2 Src homology-2 domain-binding, C90, blocks growth factor-driven cell motility in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. We now report that C90 inhibits metastasis in vivo in two aggressive tumor models, without affecting primary tumor growth rate. These results support the potential efficacy of this compound in reducing the metastatic spread of primary solid tumors and establish a critical role for Grb2 Src homology-2 domain-mediated interactions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Giubellino
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1107, USA
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Holaska JM, Wilson KL. An emerin "proteome": purification of distinct emerin-containing complexes from HeLa cells suggests molecular basis for diverse roles including gene regulation, mRNA splicing, signaling, mechanosensing, and nuclear architecture. Biochemistry 2007; 46:8897-908. [PMID: 17620012 PMCID: PMC2635128 DOI: 10.1021/bi602636m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using recombinant bead-conjugated emerin, we affinity-purified seven proteins from HeLa cell nuclear lysates that bind emerin either directly or indirectly. These proteins were identified by mass spectrometry as nuclear alphaII-spectrin, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain alpha, Lmo7 (a predicted transcription regulator; reported separately), nuclear myosin I, beta-actin (reported separately), calponin 3, and SIKE. We now report that emerin binds nuclear myosin I (NMI, a molecular motor) directly in vitro. Furthermore, bead-conjugated emerin bound nuclear alphaII-spectrin and NMI equally well with or without ATP (which stimulates motor activity), whereas ATP decreased actin binding by 65%. Thus alphaII-spectrin and NMI interact stably with emerin. To investigate the physiological relevance of these interactions, we used antibodies against emerin to affinity-purify emerin-associated protein complexes from HeLa cells and then further purified by ion-exchange chromatography to resolve by net charge and by size exclusion chromatography yielding six distinct emerin-containing fractions (0.5-1.6 MDa). Western blotting suggested that each complex had distinct components involved in nuclear architecture (e.g., NMI, alphaII-spectrin, lamins) or gene or chromatin regulation (BAF, transcription regulators, HDACs). Additional constituents were identified by mass spectrometry. One putative gene-regulatory complex (complex 32) included core components of the nuclear corepressor (NCoR) complex, which mediates gene regulation by thyroid hormone and other nuclear receptors. When expressed in HeLa cells, FLAG-tagged NCoR subunits Gps2, HDAC3, TBLR1, and NCoR each co-immunoprecipitated emerin, validating one putative complex. These findings support the hypothesis that emerin scaffolds a variety of functionally distinct multiprotein complexes at the nuclear envelope in vivo. Notably included are nuclear myosin I-containing complexes that might sense and regulate mechanical tension at the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine L. Wilson
- Address correspondence to Katherine L. Wilson, Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: 410-955-1801. Fax: 410-955-4129.
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Linehan WM, Pinto PA, Srinivasan R, Merino M, Choyke P, Choyke L, Coleman J, Toro J, Glenn G, Vocke C, Zbar B, Schmidt LS, Bottaro D, Neckers L. Identification of the genes for kidney cancer: opportunity for disease-specific targeted therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:671s-679s. [PMID: 17255292 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the kidney cancer gene pathways has provided the foundation for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for patients with this disease. Kidney cancer is not a single disease; it includes a number of different types of renal cancers, each with different histologic features, a different clinical course, a different response to therapy, and different genes causing the defects. Most of what is known about the genetic basis of kidney cancer has been learned from study of the inherited forms of kidney cancer: von Hippel Lindau (VHL gene), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma (c-Met gene), Birt Hogg Dubé (BHD gene), and hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell cancer (fumarate hydratase gene). These Mendelian single-gene syndromes provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of agents that target the VHL, c-Met, BHD, and fumarate hydratase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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