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Benarroch E. What Are the Roles of Cellular Prion Protein in Normal and Pathologic Conditions? Neurology 2024; 102:e209272. [PMID: 38484222 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
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2
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Golubiani G, van Agen L, Tsverava L, Solomonia R, Müller M. Mitochondrial Proteome Changes in Rett Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:956. [PMID: 37508386 PMCID: PMC10376342 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder with mutations in the X-chromosomal MECP2 (methyl-CpG-binding protein 2) gene. Most patients are young girls. For 7-18 months after birth, they hardly present any symptoms; later they develop mental problems, a lack of communication, irregular sleep and breathing, motor dysfunction, hand stereotypies, and seizures. The complex pathology involves mitochondrial structure and function. Mecp2-/y hippocampal astrocytes show increased mitochondrial contents. Neurons and glia suffer from oxidative stress, a lack of ATP, and increased hypoxia vulnerability. This spectrum of changes demands comprehensive molecular studies of mitochondria to further define their pathogenic role in RTT. Therefore, we applied a comparative proteomic approach for the first time to study the entity of mitochondrial proteins in a mouse model of RTT. In the neocortex and hippocampus of symptomatic male mice, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent mass-spectrometry identified various differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins, including components of respiratory chain complexes I and III and the ATP-synthase FoF1 complex. The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, and ATP synthase subunit d are upregulated either in the hippocampus alone or both the hippocampus and neocortex of Mecp2-/y mice. Furthermore, the regulatory mitochondrial proteins mitofusin-1, HSP60, and 14-3-3 protein theta are decreased in the Mecp2-/y neocortex. The expressional changes identified provide further details of the altered mitochondrial function and morphology in RTT. They emphasize brain-region-specific alterations of the mitochondrial proteome and support the notion of a metabolic component of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gocha Golubiani
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Laura van Agen
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lia Tsverava
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Revaz Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Wang B, Pang M, Song Y, Wang H, Qi P, Bai S, Lei X, Wei S, Zong Z, Lin S, Zhang X, Cen X, Wang X, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Huang L, Tortorella M, Cheng B, Lee Y, Qin D, Li G. Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells secretome promotes scarless diabetic wound healing through heat-shock protein family. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10354. [PMID: 36684113 PMCID: PMC9842061 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of patients with diabetic foot ulcers is urging the appearance of an effective biomedical drug. Senescence is one of the major reasons of aging-induced decline in the diabetic wound. Our previous studies have demonstrated the anti-senescence effect of secretomes derived from human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSC). The present study tends to explore the potential role of hfMSC secretome (HFS) in wound healing through anti-aging. Meanwhile, we try to overcome several obstacles in the clinical application of stem cell secretome. A verticle bioreactor and microcarriers are employed to expand hfMSC and produce the HFS on a large scale. The HFS was then subjected to lyophilization (L-HFS). The PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles were used to encapsulate and protect L-HFS from degradation in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Results showed that HFS-PLGA significantly enhanced wound healing by promoting vascularization and inhibiting inflammation in the skin wound bed. We further analyzed the contents of HFS. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (ITRAQ) and label-free methods were used to identify peptides in the secretome. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that exosome production-related singling pathways and heat-shock protein family could be used as bio-functional markers and quality control for stem cell secretome production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Mengru Pang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of orthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Pan Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaoxuan Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement ScienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Shikun Wei
- Department of Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Xiaotong Cen
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Xia Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Hongjie Xu
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Lin Huang
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Micky Tortorella
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and HealthHong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of SciencesHong KongChina
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Yukwai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)‐Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative MedicineBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalShatinHong Kong
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Shafiq M, Da Vela S, Amin L, Younas N, Harris DA, Zerr I, Altmeppen HC, Svergun D, Glatzel M. The prion protein and its ligands: Insights into structure-function relationships. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119240. [PMID: 35192891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prion protein is a multifunctional protein that exists in at least two different folding states. It is subject to diverse proteolytic processing steps that lead to prion protein fragments some of which are membrane-bound whereas others are soluble. A multitude of ligands bind to the prion protein and besides proteinaceous binding partners, interaction with metal ions and nucleic acids occurs. Although of great importance, information on structural and functional consequences of prion protein binding to its partners is limited. Here, we will reflect on the structure-function relationship of the prion protein and its binding partners considering the different folding states and prion protein fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg c/o German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ladan Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neelam Younas
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - David A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hermann C Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg c/o German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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Ren L, Hou YP, Zhu YY, Zhao FF, Duan YB, Wu LY, Duan XX, Zhang J, Zhou MG. Validamycin A Enhances the Interaction Between Neutral Trehalase and 14-3-3 Protein Bmh1 in Fusarium graminearum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:290-298. [PMID: 34156266 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-21-0214-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In agriculture, Trehalase is considered the main target of the biological fungicide validamycin A, and the toxicology mechanism of validamycin A is unknown. 14-3-3 proteins, highly conserved proteins, participate in diverse cellular processes, including enzyme activation, protein localization, and acting as a molecular chaperone. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the 14-3-3 protein Bmh1could interact with Nth1 to respond to specific external stimuli. Here, we characterized FgNth, FgBmh1, and FgBmh2 in Fusarium graminearum. ΔFgNth, ΔFgBmh1, and ΔFgBmh2 displayed great growth defects and their peripheral tips hyphae generated more branches when compared with wild-type (WT) PH-1. When exposed to validamycin A as well as high osmotic and high temperature stresses, ΔFgNth, ΔFgBmh1, and ΔFgBmh2 showed more tolerance than WT. Both ΔFgNth and ΔFgBmh1 displayed reduced deoxynivalenol production but opposite for ΔFgBmh2, and all three deletion mutants showed reduced virulence on wheat coleoptiles. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments suggested that FgBmh1 and FgBmh2 both interact with FgNth, but no interaction was detected between FgBmh1 and FgBmh2 in our experiments. Further, validamycin A enhances the interaction between FgBmh1 and FgNth in a positive correlation under concentrations of 1 to 100 μg/ml. In addition, both high osmotic and high temperature stresses promote the interaction between FgBmh1 and FgNth. Co-IP assay also showed that neither FgBmh1 nor FgBmh2 could interact with FgPbs2, a MAPKK kinase in the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway. However, FgBmh2 but not FgBmh1 binds to the heat shock protein FgHsp70 in F. graminearum. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FgNth and FgBmh proteins are involved in growth and responses to external stresses and virulence; and validamycin enhanced the interaction between FgNth and FgBmh1in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuan-Ye Zhu
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ya-Bing Duan
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Luo-Yu Wu
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiao-Xin Duan
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection and The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Bahr T, Katuri J, Liang T, Bai Y. Mitochondrial chaperones in human health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:363-374. [PMID: 34780988 PMCID: PMC8893670 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a family of proteins that maintain cellular protein homeostasis through non-covalent peptide folding and quality control mechanisms. The chaperone proteins found within mitochondria play significant protective roles in mitochondrial biogenesis, quality control, and stress response mechanisms. Defective mitochondrial chaperones have been implicated in aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the two most prominent mitochondrial chaperones: mtHsp60 and mtHsp70. These proteins demonstrate different cellular localization patterns, interact with different targets, and have different functional activities. We discuss the structure and function of these prominent mitochondrial chaperone proteins and give an update on newly discovered regulatory mechanisms and disease implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bahr
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Joshua Katuri
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Adhikari UK, Sakiz E, Zhou X, Habiba U, Kumar S, Mikhael M, Senesi M, Guang Li C, Guillemin GJ, Ooi L, David MA, Collins S, Karl T, Tayebi M. Cross-Linking Cellular Prion Protein Induces Neuronal Type 2-Like Hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639008. [PMID: 34394070 PMCID: PMC8361482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports identified proteins associated with ‘apoptosis’ following cross-linking PrPC with motif-specific anti-PrP antibodies in vivo and in vitro. The molecular mechanisms underlying this IgG-mediated neurotoxicity and the role of the activated proteins in the apoptotic pathways leading to neuronal death has not been properly defined. Previous reports implicated a number of proteins, including apolipoprotein E, cytoplasmic phospholipase A2, prostaglandin and calpain with anti-PrP antibody-mediated ‘apoptosis’, however, these proteins are also known to play an important role in allergy. In this study, we investigated whether cross-linking PrPC with anti-PrP antibodies stimulates a neuronal allergenic response. Methods Initially, we predicted the allergenicity of the epitope sequences associated with ‘neurotoxic’ anti-PrP antibodies using allergenicity prediction servers. We then investigated whether anti-PrP antibody treatment of mouse primary neurons (MPN), neuroblastoma cells (N2a) and microglia (N11) cell lines lead to a neuronal allergenic response. Results In-Silico studies showed that both tail- and globular-epitopes were allergenic. Specifically, binding regions that contain epitopes for previously reported ‘neurotoxic’ antibodies such as ICSM18 (146-159), ICSM35 (91-110), POM 1 (138-147) and POM 3 (95-100) lead to activation of allergenic related proteins. Following direct application of anti-PrPC antibodies on N2a cells, we identified 4 neuronal allergenic-related proteins when compared with untreated cells. Furthermore, we identified 8 neuronal allergenic-related proteins following treatment of N11 cells with anti-PrPC antibodies prior to co-culture with N2a cells when compared with untreated cells. Antibody treatment of MPN or MPN co-cultured with antibody-treated N11 led to identifying 10 and 7 allergenic-related proteins when compared with untreated cells. However, comparison with 3F4 antibody treatment revealed 5 and 4 allergenic-related proteins respectively. Of importance, we showed that the allergenic effects triggered by the anti-PrP antibodies were more potent when antibody-treated microglia were co-cultured with the neuroblastoma cell line. Finally, co-culture of N2a or MPN with N11-treated with anti-PrP antibodies resulted in significant accumulation of NO and IL6 but not TNF-α in the cell culture media supernatant. Conclusions This study showed for the first time that anti-PrP antibody binding to PrPC triggers a neuronal hypersensitivity response and highlights the important role of microglia in triggering an IgG-mediated neuronal hypersensitivity response. Moreover, this study provides an important impetus for including allergenic assessment of therapeutic antibodies for neurodegenerative disorders to derive safe and targeted biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Sakiz
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Umma Habiba
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo Senesi
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Steven Collins
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Shafiq M, Zafar S, Younas N, Noor A, Puig B, Altmeppen HC, Schmitz M, Matschke J, Ferrer I, Glatzel M, Zerr I. Prion protein oligomers cause neuronal cytoskeletal damage in rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:11. [PMID: 33618749 PMCID: PMC7898440 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-density oligomers of the prion protein (HDPs) have previously been identified in brain tissues of patients with rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease (rpAD). The current investigation aims at identifying interacting partners of HDPs in the rpAD brains to unravel the pathological involvement of HDPs in the rapid progression. Methods HDPs from the frontal cortex tissues of rpAD brains were isolated using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Proteins interacting with HDPs were identified by co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry. Further verifications were carried out using proteomic tools, immunoblotting, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results We identified rpAD-specific HDP-interactors, including the growth arrest specific 2-like 2 protein (G2L2). Intriguingly, rpAD-specific disturbances were found in the localization of G2L2 and its associated proteins i.e., the end binding protein 1, α-tubulin, and β-actin. Discussion The results show the involvement of HDPs in the destabilization of the neuronal actin/tubulin infrastructure. We consider this disturbance to be a contributing factor for the rapid progression in rpAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00422-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Shafiq
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany. .,Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Neelam Younas
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Aneeqa Noor
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Clemens Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologica, Servei Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Feixa LLarga sn, 08907, Hospitalet de LLobregat, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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9
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Klebl DP, Feasey MC, Hesketh EL, Ranson NA, Wurdak H, Sobott F, Bon RS, Muench SP. Cryo-EM structure of human mitochondrial HSPD1. iScience 2021; 24:102022. [PMID: 33506187 PMCID: PMC7814154 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperonins play an important role in folding newly synthesized or translocated proteins in all organisms. The bacterial chaperonin GroEL has served as a model system for the understanding of these proteins. In comparison, its human homolog, known as mitochondrial heat shock protein family member D1 (HSPD1) is poorly understood. Here, we present the structure of HSPD1 in the apo state determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Unlike GroEL, HSPD1 forms mostly single ring assemblies in the absence of co-chaperonin (HSPE1). Comparison with GroEL shows a rotation and increased flexibility of the apical domain. Together with published structures of the HSPD1/HSPE1 co-chaperonin complex, this work gives insight into the structural changes that occur during the catalytic cycle. This new understanding of HSPD1 structure and its rearrangements upon complex formation may provide new insights for the development of HSPD1-targeting treatments against a diverse range of diseases including glioblastoma. First cryo-EM structure of the apo HSPD1 chaperone complex Mass spectrometry has shown the presence of 7, 8, 15, and 16-mers of HSPD-1 In addition to a single ring, HSPD-1 can form an unusual inverted ring architecture Describe grid preparation conditions that alleviate preferred orientation
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Klebl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew C Feasey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Emma L Hesketh
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Heiko Wurdak
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Stem Cell and Brain Tumour Group, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Frank Sobott
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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The Role of Cellular Prion Protein in Promoting Stemness and Differentiation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020170. [PMID: 33418999 PMCID: PMC7825291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aside from its well-established role in prion disorders, in the last decades the significance of cellular prion protein (PrPC) expression in human cancers has attracted great attention. An extensive body of work provided evidence that PrPC contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating tumor growth, differentiation, and resistance to conventional therapies. In particular, PrPC over-expression has been related to the acquisition of a malignant phenotype of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a variety of solid tumors, encompassing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers, and primary brain tumors as well. According to consensus, increased levels of PrPC endow CSCs with self-renewal, proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities, along with increased resistance to anti-cancer agents. In addition, increasing evidence demonstrates that PrPc also participates in multi-protein complexes to modulate the oncogenic properties of CSCs, thus sustaining tumorigenesis. Therefore, strategies aimed at targeting PrPC and/or PrPC-organized complexes could be a promising approach for anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is seminal to modulate a variety of baseline cell functions to grant homeostasis. The classic role of such a protein was defined as a chaperone-like molecule being able to rescue cell survival. Nonetheless, PrPC also represents the precursor of the deleterious misfolded variant known as scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). This variant is detrimental in a variety of prion disorders. This multi-faceted role of PrP is greatly increased by recent findings showing how PrPC in its folded conformation may foster tumor progression by acting at multiple levels. The present review focuses on such a cancer-promoting effect. The manuscript analyzes recent findings on the occurrence of PrPC in various cancers and discusses the multiple effects, which sustain cancer progression. Within this frame, the effects of PrPC on stemness and differentiation are discussed. A special emphasis is provided on the spreading of PrPC and the epigenetic effects, which are induced in neighboring cells to activate cancer-related genes. These detrimental effects are further discussed in relation to the aberrancy of its physiological and beneficial role on cell homeostasis. A specific paragraph is dedicated to the role of PrPC beyond its effects in the biology of cancer to represent a potential biomarker in the follow up of patients following surgical resection.
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The Cellular Prion Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239208. [PMID: 33276687 PMCID: PMC7730109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the cellular prion protein (PrPC) have been actively conducted because misfolded PrPC is known to cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion disease. PrPC is a glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface glycoprotein that has been reported to affect several cellular functions such as stress protection, cellular differentiation, mitochondrial homeostasis, circadian rhythm, myelin homeostasis, and immune modulation. Recently, it has also been reported that PrPC mediates tumor progression by enhancing the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. In addition, PrPC regulates cancer stem cell properties by interacting with cancer stem cell marker proteins. In this review, we summarize how PrPC promotes tumor progression in terms of proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stem cell properties. In addition, we discuss strategies to treat tumors by modulating the function and expression of PrPC via the regulation of HSPA1L/HIF-1α expression and using an anti-prion antibody.
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12
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Cellular Prion Protein (PrPc): Putative Interacting Partners and Consequences of the Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197058. [PMID: 32992764 PMCID: PMC7583789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored protein most abundantly found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) in the central nervous system (CNS). PrPc misfolding causes neurodegenerative prion diseases in the CNS. PrPc interacts with a wide range of protein partners because of the intrinsically disordered nature of the protein’s N-terminus. Numerous studies have attempted to decipher the physiological role of the prion protein by searching for proteins which interact with PrPc. Biochemical characteristics and biological functions both appear to be affected by interacting protein partners. The key challenge in identifying a potential interacting partner is to demonstrate that binding to a specific ligand is necessary for cellular physiological function or malfunction. In this review, we have summarized the intracellular and extracellular interacting partners of PrPc and potential consequences of their binding. We also briefly describe prion disease-related mutations at the end of this review.
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Abdrabou A, Brandwein D, Liu C, Wang Z. Rac1 S71 Mediates the Interaction between Rac1 and 14-3-3 Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:E1006. [PMID: 31480268 PMCID: PMC6770128 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both 14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s) and Rho proteins regulate cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, which suggests a possible interaction between the signaling pathways regulated by these two groups of proteins. Indeed, more and more emerging evidence indicates the mutual regulation of these two signaling pathways. However, all of the data regarding the interaction between Rac1 signaling pathways and 14-3-3 signaling pathways are through either the upstream regulators or downstream substrates. It is not clear if Rac1 could interact with 14-3-3s directly. It is interesting to notice that the Rac1 sequence 68RPLSYP73 is likely a 14-3-3 protein binding motif following the phosphorylation of S71 by Akt. Thus, we hypothesize that Rac1 directly interacts with 14-3-3s. We tested this hypothesis in this research. By using mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), Rac1 activity assay, immunoblotting, and indirect immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that 14-3-3s interact with Rac1. This interaction is mediated by Rac1 S71 in both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners, but the phosphorylation-dependent interaction is much stronger. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) strongly stimulates the phosphorylation of Rac1 S71 and the interaction between 14-3-3s and Rac1. Mutating S71 to A completely abolishes both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent interactions between 14-3-3s and Rac1. The interaction between 14-3-3s and Rac1 mostly serve to regulate the activity and subcellular localization of Rac1. Among the seven 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3η, -σ, and -θ showed interactions with Rac1 in both Cos-7 and HEK 293 cells. 14-3-3γ also binds to Rac1 in HEK 293 cells, but not in Cos-7 cells. We conclude that 14-3-3s interact with Rac1. This interaction is mediated by Rac1 S71 in both phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. The interaction between 14-3-3 and Rac1 mostly serves to regulate the activity and subcellular localization of Rac1. Among the seven 14-3-3 isoforms, 14-3-3η, -γ, -σ, and -θ interact with Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Abdrabou
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Daniel Brandwein
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Changyu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Lu YC, Wang P, Wu QG, Zhang RK, Kong A, Li YF, Lee SC. Hsp74/14-3-3σ Complex Mediates Centrosome Amplification by High Glucose, Insulin, and Palmitic Acid. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800197. [PMID: 30688006 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported recently that type 2 diabetes promotes centrosome amplification via 14-3-3σ/ROCK1 complex. In the present study, 14-3-3σ interacting proteins are characterized and their roles in the centrosome amplification by high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid are investigated. Co-immunoprecipitation in combination with MS analysis identified 134 proteins that interact with 14-3-3σ, which include heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (Hsp74). Gene ontology analyses reveal that many of them are enriched in binding activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis shows that the top three enriched pathways are ribosome, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Molecular and functional investigations show that the high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid increase the expression and binding of 14-3-3σ and Hsp74 as well as centrosome amplification, all of which are inhibited by knockdown of 14-3-3σ or Hsp74. Moreover, molecular docking analysis shows that the interaction between the 14-3-3σ and the Hsp74 is mainly through hydrophobic contacts and a lesser degree ionic interactions and hydrogen bond by different amino acids residues. In conclusion, the results suggest that the experimental treatment triggers centrosome amplification via upregulations of expression and binding of 14-3-3σ and Hsp74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.,Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Rui Kai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Alice Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fei Li
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221010, P. R. China
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15
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Rodriguez-Zas SL, Wu C, Southey BR, O'Connor JC, Nixon SE, Garcia R, Zavala C, Lawson M, McCusker RH, Romanova EV, Sweedler JV, Kelley KW, Dantzer R. Disruption of microglia histone acetylation and protein pathways in mice exhibiting inflammation-associated depression-like symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:47-58. [PMID: 30005281 PMCID: PMC6138522 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral immune challenge can elicit microglia activation and depression-related symptoms. The balance of inflammatory signals in the tryptophan pathway can skew the activity of indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1) towards the metabolization of tryptophan into kynurenine (rather than serotonin), and towards neuroprotective or neurotoxic metabolites. The proteome changes that accompany inflammation-associated depression-related behaviors are incompletely understood. METHODS The changes in microglia protein abundance and post-translational modifications in wild type (WT) mice that exhibit depression-like symptoms after recovery from peripheral Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) challenge were studied. This WT_BGG group was compared to mice that do not express depression-like symptoms after BCG challenge due to IDO1 deficiency by means of genetic knockout (BCG_KO group), and to WT Saline-treated (Sal) mice (WT_Sal group) using a mass spectrometry-based label-free approach. RESULTS The comparison of WT_BCG relative to WT_Sal and KO_BCG mice uncovered patterns of protein abundance and acetylation among the histone families that could influence microglia signaling and transcriptional rates. Members of the histone clusters 1, 2 and 3 families were less abundant in WT_BCG relative to WT_Sal whereas members in the H2A family exhibited the opposite pattern. Irrespective of family, the majority of the histones were less abundant in WT_BCG relative to KO_BCG microglia. Homeostatic mechanisms may temper the potentially toxic effects of high histone levels after BCG challenge to levels lower than Sal. Histone acetylation was highest in WT_BCG and the similar levels observed in WT_Sal and KO_BCG. This result suggest that histone acetylation levels are similar between IDO1 deficient mice after immune challenge and unchallenged WT mice. The over-abundance of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation proteins (14-3-3 series) in WT_BCG relative to KO_BCG is particularly interesting because these proteins activate another rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan pathway. The over-representation of alcoholism and systemic lupus erythematosus pathways among the proteins exhibiting differential abundance between the groups suggest that these disorders share microglia activation pathways with BCG challenge. The over-representation of phagosome pathway among proteins differentially abundant between WT_BCG and KO_BCG microglia suggest an association between IDO1 deficiency and phagocytosis. Likewise, the over-representation of the gap junction pathway among the differentially abundant proteins between KO_BCG and WT_Sal suggest a multifactorial effect of BCG and IDO1 deficiency on cell communication. CONCLUSIONS The present study of histone acetylation and differential protein abundance furthers the understanding of the long lasting effects of peripheral immune challenges. Our findings offer insights into target proteins and mechanisms that provide clues for therapies to ameliorate inflammation-associated depression-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Cong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jason C O'Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health San Antonio and Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Scott E Nixon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robmay Garcia
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia Zavala
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marcus Lawson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elena V Romanova
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Castle AR, Gill AC. Physiological Functions of the Cellular Prion Protein. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:19. [PMID: 28428956 PMCID: PMC5382174 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prion protein, PrPC, is a small, cell-surface glycoprotein notable primarily for its critical role in pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorders known as prion diseases. A hallmark of prion diseases is the conversion of PrPC into an abnormally folded isoform, which provides a template for further pathogenic conversion of PrPC, allowing disease to spread from cell to cell and, in some circumstances, to transfer to a new host. In addition to the putative neurotoxicity caused by the misfolded form(s), loss of normal PrPC function could be an integral part of the neurodegenerative processes and, consequently, significant research efforts have been directed toward determining the physiological functions of PrPC. In this review, we first summarise important aspects of the biochemistry of PrPC before moving on to address the current understanding of the various proposed functions of the protein, including details of the underlying molecular mechanisms potentially involved in these functions. Over years of study, PrPC has been associated with a wide array of different cellular processes and many interacting partners have been suggested. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the previously well-established links between PrPC and processes such as stress-protection, copper homeostasis and neuronal excitability. Instead, the functions best-supported by the current literature include regulation of myelin maintenance and of processes linked to cellular differentiation, including proliferation, adhesion, and control of cell morphology. Intriguing connections have also been made between PrPC and the modulation of circadian rhythm, glucose homeostasis, immune function and cellular iron uptake, all of which warrant further investigation.
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Calcium Homeostasis and Muscle Energy Metabolism Are Modified in HspB1-Null Mice. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4020017. [PMID: 28248227 PMCID: PMC5217347 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp27—encoded by HspB1—is a member of the small heat shock proteins (sHsp, 12–43 kDa (kilodalton)) family. This protein is constitutively present in a wide variety of tissues and in many cell lines. The abundance of Hsp27 is highest in skeletal muscle, indicating a crucial role for muscle physiology. The protein identified as a beef tenderness biomarker was found at a crucial hub in a functional network involved in beef tenderness. The aim of this study was to analyze the proteins impacted by the targeted invalidation of HspB1 in the Tibialis anterior muscle of the mouse. Comparative proteomics using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 22 spots that were differentially abundant between HspB1-null mice and their controls that could be identified by mass spectrometry. Eighteen spots were more abundant in the muscle of the mutant mice, and four were less abundant. The proteins impacted by the absence of Hsp27 belonged mainly to calcium homeostasis (Srl and Calsq1), contraction (TnnT3), energy metabolism (Tpi1, Mdh1, PdhB, Ckm, Pygm, ApoA1) and the Hsp proteins family (HspA9). These data suggest a crucial role for these proteins in meat tenderization. The information gained by this study could also be helpful to predict the side effects of Hsp27 depletion in muscle development and pathologies linked to small Hsps.
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Sui YP, Zhang XX, Lu JL, Sui F. New Insights into the Roles of Nogo-A in CNS Biology and Diseases. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1767-85. [PMID: 26266872 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nogos have become a hot topic for its well-known number Nogo-A's big role in clinical matters. It has been recognized that the expression of Nogo-A and the receptor NgR1 inhibit the neuron's growth after CNS injuries or the onset of the MS. The piling evidence supports the notion that the Nogo-A is also involved in the synaptic plasticity, which was shown to negatively regulate the strength of synaptic transmission. The occurrence of significant schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes in Nogo-A KO rats also added strong proof to this conclusion. This review mainly focuses on the structure of Nogo-A and its corresponding receptor-NgR1, its intra- and extra-cellular signaling, together with its major physiological functions such as regulation of migration and distribution and its related diseases like stroke, AD, ALS and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Liebert A, Bicknell B, Adams R. Prion Protein Signaling in the Nervous System—A Review and Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4137/sti.s12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrPC) was originally known as the causative agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) but with recent research, its true function in cells is becoming clearer. It is known to act as a scaffolding protein, binding multiple ligands at the cell membrane and to be involved in signal transduction, passing information from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoplasm. Its role in the coordination of transmitters at the synapse, glyapse, and gap junction and in short- and long-range neurotrophic signaling gives PrPC a major part in neural transmission and nervous system signaling. It acts to regulate cellular function in multiple targets through its role as a controller of redox status and calcium ion flux. Given the importance of PrPC in cell physiology, this review considers its potential role in disease apart from TSE. The putative functions of PrPC point to involvement in neurodegenerative disease, neuropathic pain, chronic headache, and inflammatory disease including neuroinflammatory disease of the nervous system. Potential targets for the treatment of disease influenced by PrPC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Liebert
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Australia
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Anchorless 23-230 PrPC interactomics for elucidation of PrPC protective role. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1385-99. [PMID: 24390569 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of conformationally altered cellular proteins (i.e., prion protein) is the common feature of prions and other neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that the lack of terminal sequence of cellular prion protein (PrPC), necessary for the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid anchor, leads to a protease-resistant conformation that resembles scrapie-associated isoform of prion protein. Moreover, mice overexpressing the truncated form of PrPC showed late-onset, amyloid deposition, and the presence of a short protease-resistant PrP fragment in the brain similar to those found in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease patients. Therefore, the physiopathological function of truncated_/anchorless 23-230 PrPC (Δ23-230 PrPC) has come into focus of attention. The present study aims at revealing the physiopathological function of the anchorless PrPC form by identifying its interacting proteins. The truncated_/anchorless Δ23-230 PrPC along with its interacting proteins was affinity purified using STrEP-Tactin chromatography, in-gel digested, and identified by quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis in prion protein-deficient murine hippocampus (HpL3-4) neuronal cell line. Twenty-three proteins appeared to interact with anchorless Δ23-230 PrPC in HpL3-4 cells. Out of the 23 proteins, one novel protein, pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (PKM2), exhibited a potential interaction with the anchorless Δ23-230 form of PrPC. Both reverse co-immunoprecipitation and confocal laser-scanning microscopic analysis confirmed an interaction of PKM2 with the anchorless Δ23-230 form of PrPC. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for co-localization of PKM2 and PrPC as well as PrPC-dependent PKM2 expression regulation. In addition, given the involvement of PrPC in the regulation of apoptosis, we exposed HpL3-4 cells to staurosporine (STS)-mediated apoptotic stress. In response to STS-mediated apoptotic stress, HpL3-4 cells transiently expressing 23-230-truncated PrPC were markedly less viable, were more prone to apoptosis and exhibited significantly higher PKM2 expressional regulation as compared with HpL3-4 cells transiently expressing full-length PrPC (1-253 PrPC). The enhanced STS-induced apoptosis was shown by increased caspase-3 cleavage. Together, our data suggest that the misbalance or over expression of anchorless Δ23-230 form of PrPC in association with the expressional regulation of interacting proteins could render cells more prone to cellular insults-stress response, formation of aggregates and may ultimately be linked to the cell death.
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Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Campanella C, Pace A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Hsp60 chaperonopathies and chaperonotherapy: targets and agents. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:185-208. [PMID: 24286280 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.856417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hsp60 (Cpn60) assembles into a tetradecamer that interacts with the co-chaperonin Hsp10 (Cpn10) to assist client polypeptides to fold, but it also has other roles, including participation in pathogenic mechanisms. AREA COVERED Hsp60 chaperonopathies are pathological conditions, inherited or acquired, in which the chaperone plays a determinant etiologic-pathogenic role. These diseases justify selection of Hsp60 as a target for developing agents that interfere with its pathogenic effects. We provide information on how to proceed. EXPERT OPINION The information available encourages the development of ways to improve Hsp60 activity (positive chaperonotherapy) when deficient or to block it (negative chaperonotherapy) when pathogenic. Many questions are still unanswered and obstacles are obvious. More information is needed to establish when and why autologous Hsp60 becomes a pathogenic autoantigen, or induces cytokine formation and inflammation, or favors carcinogenesis. Clarification of these points will take considerable time. However, analysis of the Hsp60 molecule and a search for active compounds aimed at structural sites that will affect its functioning should continue without interruption. No doubt that some of these compounds will offer therapeutic hopes and will also be instrumental for dissecting structure-function relationships at the biochemical and biological (using animal models and cultured cells) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
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Schmandke A, Mosberger AC, Schmandke A, Celen Z, Schwab ME. The neurite growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A has diverse roles in adhesion and migration. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:451-4. [PMID: 24401759 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Schmandke
- Brain Research Institute; University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice C Mosberger
- Brain Research Institute; University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Schmandke
- Brain Research Institute; University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zeliha Celen
- Brain Research Institute; University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190; Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Brain Research Institute; University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology; ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190; Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhao GY, Ding JY, Lu CL, Lin ZW, Guo J. The overexpression of 14-3-3ζ and Hsp27 promotes non–small cell lung cancer progression. Cancer 2013; 120:652-63. [PMID: 24804299 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 14-3-3ζ protein has been identified as a putative oncoprotein in several cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms underlying its functions have not been well defined. METHODS Proteins that interact with 14-3-3ζ were identified through coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry in NSCLC cells. The interaction of 14-3-3ζ with these molecular partners and their roles in the invasiveness and metastasis of NSCLC cells were assayed through specific disruptions in the 14-3-3ζ signaling network. In addition, the clinical implications of this 14-3-3ζ complex were examined in samples from patients with NSCLC. RESULTS Among the identified proteins that interacted with 14-3-3ζ, there were 230 proteins in 95-D cells, 181 proteins in 95-C cells, and 203 proteins in A549 cells; and 16 interacting proteins were identified that overlapped between all cell lines. Further studies revealed 14-3-3ζ complexes within the heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) protein and demonstrated that the interference of Hsp27 or 14-3-3ζ inhibited the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells. The invasive and metastatic capabilities of cells with both Hsp27 and 14-3-3ζ interference could be completely restored only by Hsp27 and 14-3-3ζ complementary DNA transfection and not by either agent alone. Clinically, the postoperative 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients who had high expression of both 14-3-3ζ and Hsp27 was significantly lower than the 5-year OS in patients who had low expression of both 14-3-3ζ and Hsp27 (26.5% vs 59.7%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the combined expression of 14-3-3ζ and Hsp27 was an independent prognostic indicator of OS(P = .036). CONCLUSIONS The current data suggest that the combined expression of 14-3-3ζ and Hsp27 may be a biomarker for predicting survival in patients with NSCLC, and this combination may have potential as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Campisi E, Cardone F, Graziano S, Galeno R, Pocchiari M. Role of proteomics in understanding prion infection. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:649-66. [PMID: 23256675 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative pathologies characterized by the autocatalytic misfolding and polymerization of a cellular glycoprotein (cellular prion protein [PrP(C)]) that accumulates in the CNS and leads to neurodegeneration. The detailed mechanics of PrP(C) conversion to its pathological isoform (PrP(TSE)) are unclear but one or more exogenous factors are likely involved in the process of PrP misfolding. In the last 20 years, proteomic investigations have identified several endogenous proteins that interact with PrP(C), PrP(TSE) or both, which are possibly involved in the prion pathogenetic process. However, current approaches have not yet produced convincing conclusions on the biological value of such PrP interactors. Future advancements in the comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis of prion diseases, in experimental techniques and in data analysis procedures, together with a boost in more productive international collaborations, are therefore needed to improve the understanding on the role of PrP interactors. Finally, the advancement of 'omics' techniques in prion diseases will contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tests and effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmondo Campisi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Ma D, Li L. Searching for reliable premortem protein biomarkers for prion diseases: progress and challenges to date. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:267-80. [PMID: 22809206 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a unique family of fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormal folding of normal cellular prion proteins in the brain. Due to the high risk of prion disease transmission and the lack of effective treatment to cure or delay the disease progression, prion diseases pose a serious threat to public health. To control and prevent prion diseases, an early diagnosis is urgently needed. Proteomic analysis has emerged as a powerful technology to decipher biological and pathophysiological processes and identify protein biomarkers indicative of disease. In this article, the authors review the use of the latest proteomic technologies for the identification of promising prion disease biomarkers, the challenges that exist in biomarker development pipelines and the new directions for utilizing proteomics for future biomarker discovery in the context of prion disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Rubenstein R. Proteomic analysis of prion diseases: creating clarity or causing confusion? Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3631-43. [PMID: 23161058 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are progressive, fatal neurodegenerative diseases. There are both human and animal forms of the disease and all are associated with the conversion of a normal host-coded cellular prion protein (PrP(C) ) into an abnormal protease-resistant isoform (PrP(Sc) ). Although methodologies are sensitive and specific for postmortem disease diagnosis, the use of PrP(Sc) as a preclinical or general biomarker for surveillance is difficult, due to the fact that it is present in extremely small amounts in accessible tissues or body fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. Recently, amplification techniques have been developed, which have enabled increased sensitivity for PrP(Sc) detection. However, it has recently been reported that proteinase K sensitive, pathological isoforms of PrP may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of some prion diseases. Accordingly, the development of new diagnostic tests that do not rely on PrP(Sc) and proteinase K digestion is desirable. The search for biomarkers (other than PrP(Sc) ) as tools for diagnosis of prion diseases has a long history. Ideally biomarkers able to detect all transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, even at preclinical stages of infection are desirable but not yet possible due to the heterogeneity of the disease and lengthy disease progression. Recent advances in neuroproteomics have led to an overwhelming amount of information, which may offer insight on protein-protein interactions. While the amount of data obtained is impressive, the ability to relate it to the disease and validating its usefulness in diagnostic biomarker development remains a formidable challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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Cabezas R, El-Bachá RS, González J, Barreto GE. Mitochondrial functions in astrocytes: neuroprotective implications from oxidative damage by rotenone. Neurosci Res 2012; 74:80-90. [PMID: 22902554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cell survival and normal development, as they provide energy to the cell, buffer intracellular calcium, and regulate apoptosis. They are also major targets of oxidative stress, which causes bioenergetics failure in astrocytes through the activation of different mechanisms and production of oxidative molecules. This review provides an insightful overview of the recent discoveries and strategies for mitochondrial protection in astrocytes. We also discuss the importance of rotenone as an experimental approach for assessing oxidative stress in the brain and delineate some molecular strategies that enhance mitochondrial function in astrocytes as a promising strategy against brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Expression of the Nogo-A System in Cortical Lesions of Pediatric Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type IIb. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:665-77. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31825d6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Umahara T, Uchihara T, Iwamoto T. Structure-oriented review of 14-3-3 protein isoforms in geriatric neuroscience. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12:586-99. [PMID: 22672672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the possible relevance of 14-3-3 proteins in geriatric neuroscience. 14-3-3 proteins are mainly localized in the synapses and neuronal cytoplasm. These proteins regulate intracellular signal cascades for differentiation, development, growth, apoptosis and survival. Seven isoforms have so far been identified in mammals. The binding motifs and potential functions of 14-3-3 proteins are now recognized to have a wide range of functional relevance. First, we provide a brief summary of the molecular structure and multiple functions of 14-3-3 proteins. Second, we review the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in common diseases of geriatric neurology, such as Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies, Parkinson's disease and α-synucleinopathies, Huntington's disease and polyglutamine diseases, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and prion diseases, cerebral infarction, and atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the immunohistochemical localization of 14-3-3 proteins and its isoforms during the postnatal development of rat brains as a basis for understanding adult neurogenesis. The elucidation of the isoform-dependent functions of 14-3-3 proteins with regard to brain development might be promising for the future development of novel therapeutic interventions for common diseases of geriatric neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Umahara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zafar S, von Ahsen N, Oellerich M, Zerr I, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Armstrong VW, Asif AR. Proteomics Approach to Identify the Interacting Partners of Cellular Prion Protein and Characterization of Rab7a Interaction in Neuronal Cells. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3123-35. [DOI: 10.1021/pr2001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas von Ahsen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Oellerich
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Victor W. Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Abdul R. Asif
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurobiology, and §Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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Cellular prion protein localizes to the nucleus of endocrine and neuronal cells and interacts with structural chromatin components. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:414-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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A proteomic analysis of PKCε targets in astrocytes: implications for astrogliosis. Amino Acids 2010; 40:641-51. [PMID: 20640460 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play key roles in brain physiology, controlling processes, such as neurogenesis, brain energy metabolism and synaptic transmission. Recently, immune functions have also been demonstrated in astrocytes, influencing neuronal survival in the course of neuroinflammatory pathologies. In this regard, PKCepsilon (PKCε) is a protein kinase with an outstanding role in inflammation. Our previous findings indicating that PKCε regulates voltage-dependent calcium channels as well as morphological stellation imply that this kinase controls multiple signalling pathways within astrocytes, including those implicated in activation of immune functions. The present study applies proteomics to investigate new protein targets of PKCε in astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures infected with an adenovirus that expresses constitutively active PKCε were compared with infection controls. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis clearly detected 549 spots in cultured astrocytes, and analysis of differential protein expression revealed 18 spots regulated by PKCε. Protein identification by mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS) showed that PKCε targets molecules with heterogeneous functions, including chaperones, cytoskeletal components and proteins implicated in metabolism and signalling. These results support the notion that PKCε is involved in astrocyte activation; also suggesting that multiple astrocyte-dependent processes are regulated by PKCε, including those associated to neuroinflammation.
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Stetler RA, Gan Y, Zhang W, Liou AK, Gao Y, Cao G, Chen J. Heat shock proteins: cellular and molecular mechanisms in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 92:184-211. [PMID: 20685377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that heat shock proteins (HSPs) are critical regulators in normal neural physiological function as well as in cell stress responses. The functions of HSPs represent an enormous and diverse range of cellular activities, far beyond the originally identified roles in protein folding and chaperoning. HSPs are now understood to be involved in processes such as synaptic transmission, autophagy, ER stress response, protein kinase and cell death signaling. In addition, manipulation of HSPs has robust effects on the fate of cells in neurological injury and disease states. The ongoing exploration of multiple HSP superfamilies has underscored the pluripotent nature of HSPs in the cellular context, and has demanded the recent revamping of the nomenclature referring to these families to reflect a re-organization based on structure and function. In keeping with this re-organization, we first discuss the HSP superfamilies in terms of protein structure, regulation, expression and distribution in the brain. We then explore major cellular functions of HSPs that are relevant to neural physiological states, and from there we discuss known and proposed HSP impacts on major neurological disease states. This review article presents a three-part discussion on the array of HSP families relevant to neuronal tissue, their cellular functions, and the exploration of therapeutic targets of these proteins in the context of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anne Stetler
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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Wang L, Zhao H, Fan YP, Gong HY, Li M, Qi F, Liu Y. Research on the mechanism of Zuogui Pill and Yougui Pill in promoting axonal regeneration in model rats of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16:167-72. [PMID: 20473744 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the molecular mechanism of Zuogui Pill (ZGP) and Yougui Pill (YGP) on axonal regeneration in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS EAE rat model was established by bilateral rear pedes subcutaneous injection of antigen made by mixing myelin basic protein (MBP) and complete Freud's adjuvant (CFA) in the volume ratio of 1:1. The pathological changes of axonal injury and regeneration in the brain and the spinal cord were observed on the 14th (the acute stage) and the 28th day (the remission stage) after modeling, with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, silver stain, and immunohistochemical staining. The rats treated with prednisone acetate were taken as controls. RESULTS Observation under the light microscope with HE staining showed a sleeve-like change in rats' cerebrospinal parenchyma with inflammatory cell infiltration around the small vessels and neuronic denaturation, while silver staining showed excessive tumefaction and abscission of axon, and immunohistochemical analysis showed decreasing of nerve growth factor (NGF) expression at the acute stage of EAE, which was even more remarkable at the remission stage, showing significant difference as compared with the normal control (P<0.05). And the expressions of Nogo A, an axon growth inhibitor, and its receptor (Nogo-66 receptor, Ng R) were significantly higher than those in the normal control at the acute stage (P<0.01). However, after the intervention of ZGP and YGP, the pathological changes and axon damage in rats' brain and spinal cord were much more alleviated, and the NGF expression was significantly higher than that in the model group at the acute stage (P<0.05). The expression of NGF was even stronger during the remission stage, and a better effect was shown by YGP. As for Nogo A and Ng R expressions, they were significantly lower than those in the model group at the acute stage (P<0.05), but a better effect was shown by ZGP. CONCLUSIONS ZGP and YGP can prevent axonal injury and promote the axonal regeneration in rats of EAE, and the possible mechanism is to increase the expression of NGF and reduce the expression of Nogo A and its receptor. However, some differences are observed between the two Chinese preparations in their acting times and points, which provides a certain basis for revealing the modern connotation of the Chinese medicine theory on tonifying Shen ()-yin and Shen-yang.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Axons/drug effects
- Axons/metabolism
- Axons/pathology
- Axons/physiology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Male
- Myelin Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Nogo Proteins
- Nogo Receptor 1
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Research
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tablets
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing (100069), China.
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Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the main component of the brain extracellular space and participates in the exchange of many biochemical products in the CNS. Consequently, CSF contains a dynamic and complex mixture of proteins that reflect the physiological or pathological state of the CNS. Changes in the CSF proteome have been described in various neurodegenerative disorders. These alterations are also thought to reflect pathological changes in the brain, and thus understanding them will contribute to a better awareness of the pathophysiology that underlies these disorders. Proteomics offers a new methodology for the analysis of pathological changes and mechanisms occurring in neurodegenerative processes and provides the possibility of novel biomarker discovery in order to supplement faster, earlier and more precise diagnosis. In general, the following criteria have to be applied in order to qualify a protein or a gene as a potential biomarker: the selected parameters have to be sensitive (able to detect the abnormalities at early stage of disease), specific (to allow differential diagnosis), reproducible with a high positive predictive value, and should allow for disease monitoring as well as a potential therapeutic response. In Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, two major approaches have been followed that aim to detect the pathological form of the prion protein (PrPSc) in various peripheral tissues, while other approaches look for surrogate parameters that are a consequence of the neurodegenerative process. While the amount of abnormal disease-related PrPSc in CSF and blood in human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies appears to be extremely low, the development of a PrPSc-based biomarker was hampered by technical problems and detection limits. However, a variety of other proteins have been investigated in the CSF, and recently a variety of potential biomarkers have been reported that contribute to clinical diagnosis. Already established markers are 14-3-3, β-amyloid, tau-protein and phosphorylated isoforms, S100b, as well as neuron-specific enolase. Since some of these markers display certain limitations, the search continues. This review summarizes current knowledge of biomarker development in prion diseases and discusses perspectives for new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gawinecka
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Davison EJ, Pennington K, Hung CC, Peng J, Rafiq R, Ostareck-Lederer A, Ostareck DH, Ardley HC, Banks RE, Robinson PA. Proteomic analysis of increased Parkin expression and its interactants provides evidence for a role in modulation of mitochondrial function. Proteomics 2009; 9:4284-97. [PMID: 19725078 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkin is an ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3), mutations of which cause juvenile onset - autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease, and result in reduced enzymic activity. In contrast, increased levels are protective against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, the mechanism of which is largely unknown. In this study, 2-DE and MS proteomic techniques were utilised to investigate the effects of increased Parkin levels on protein expression in whole cell lysates using in an inducible Parkin expression system in HEK293 cells, and also to isolate potential interactants of Parkin using tandem affinity purification and MS. Nine proteins were significantly differentially expressed (+/-2-fold change; p<0.05) using 2-DE analysis. MS revealed the identity of these proteins to be ACAT2, HNRNPK, HSPD1, PGK1, PRDX6, VCL, VIM, TPI1, and IMPDH2. The first seven of these were reduced in expression. Western blot analysis confirmed the reduction in one of these proteins (HNRNPK), and that its levels were dependent on 26S proteasomal activity. Tandem affinity purification/MS revealed 14 potential interactants of Parkin; CKB, DBT, HSPD1, HSPA9, LRPPRC, NDUFS2, PRDX6, SLC25A5, TPI1, UCHL1, UQCRC1, VCL, YWHAZ, YWHAE. Nine of these are directly involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism and glycolysis; four were also identified in the 2-DE study (HSP60, PRDX6, TPI1, and VCL). This study provides further evidence for a role for Parkin in regulating mitochondrial activity within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Davison
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institute for Molecular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Nieznanski K. Interactions of prion protein with intracellular proteins: so many partners and no consequences? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:653-66. [PMID: 20041289 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrP) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)--fatal diseases of the central nervous system. Its physiological function as well as exact role in neurodegeneration remain unclear, hence screens for proteins interacting with PrP seem to be the most promising approach to elucidating these issues. PrP is mostly a plasma membrane-anchored extracellular glycoprotein and only a small fraction resides inside the cell, yet the number of identified intracellular partners of PrP is comparable to that of its membranal or extracellular interactors. Since some TSEs are accompanied by significantly increased levels of cytoplasmic PrP and this fraction of the protein has been found to be neurotoxic, it is of particular interest to characterize the intracellular interactome of PrP. It seems reasonable that at elevated cytoplasmic levels, PrP may exert cytotoxic effect by affecting the physiological functions of its intracellular interactors. This review is focused on the cytoplasmic partners of PrP along with possible consequences of their binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nieznanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St, Warsaw 02093, Poland.
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Giorgi A, Di Francesco L, Principe S, Mignogna G, Sennels L, Mancone C, Alonzi T, Sbriccoli M, De Pascalis A, Rappsilber J, Cardone F, Pocchiari M, Maras B, Schininà ME. Proteomic profiling of PrP27-30-enriched preparations extracted from the brain of hamsters with experimental scrapie. Proteomics 2009; 9:3802-14. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Chasseigneaux S, Pastore M, Britton-Davidian J, Manié E, Stern MH, Callebert J, Catalan J, Casanova D, Belondrade M, Provansal M, Zhang Y, Bürkle A, Laplanche JL, Sévenet N, Lehmann S. Genetic heterogeneity versus molecular analysis of prion susceptibility in neuroblasma N2a sublines. Arch Virol 2008; 153:1693-702. [PMID: 18696008 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neuroblastoma-derived cell line N2a is permissive to certain prion strains but resistant sublines unable to accumulate the pathological proteinase-K resistant form of the prion protein can be isolated. We compared for gene expression and phenotypes different N2a sublines that were susceptible or resistant to the 22L prion strain. Karyotypes and comparative genomic hybridization arrays revealed chromosomal imbalances but did not demonstrate a characteristic profile of genomic alterations linked to prion susceptibility. Likewise, we showed that this phenotype was not dependent on the binding of PrPres, the expression of the prion protein gene, or on its primary sequence. We completed this analysis by looking using real-time quantitative PCR at the expression of a set of genes encoding proteins linked to prion biology. None of the candidates could account by itself for the infection phenotype, nevertheless sublines had distinct transcriptional profiles. Taken together, our results do not support a role for specific genomic abnormalities and possible candidate proteins in N2a prion susceptibility. They also reveal genetic heterogeneity among the sublines and serve as a guidance for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of prion infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chasseigneaux
- EA 3621, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris 5, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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Linden R, Martins VR, Prado MAM, Cammarota M, Izquierdo I, Brentani RR. Physiology of the prion protein. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:673-728. [PMID: 18391177 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), attributed to conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into an abnormal conformer that accumulates in the brain. Understanding the pathogenesis of TSEs requires the identification of functional properties of PrP(C). Here we examine the physiological functions of PrP(C) at the systemic, cellular, and molecular level. Current data show that both the expression and the engagement of PrP(C) with a variety of ligands modulate the following: 1) functions of the nervous and immune systems, including memory and inflammatory reactions; 2) cell proliferation, differentiation, and sensitivity to programmed cell death both in the nervous and immune systems, as well as in various cell lines; 3) the activity of numerous signal transduction pathways, including cAMP/protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways, as well as soluble non-receptor tyrosine kinases; and 4) trafficking of PrP(C) both laterally among distinct plasma membrane domains, and along endocytic pathways, on top of continuous, rapid recycling. A unified view of these functional properties indicates that the prion protein is a dynamic cell surface platform for the assembly of signaling modules, based on which selective interactions with many ligands and transmembrane signaling pathways translate into wide-range consequences upon both physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Linden
- Instituto de Biofísica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Satoh J, Obayashi S, Misawa T, Sumiyoshi K, Oosumi K, Tabunoki H. Protein microarray analysis identifies human cellular prion protein interactors. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2008; 35:16-35. [PMID: 18482256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To obtain an insight into the function of cellular prion protein (PrPC), we studied PrPC-interacting proteins (PrPIPs) by analysing a protein microarray. METHODS We identified 47 novel PrPIPs by probing an array of 5000 human proteins with recombinant human PrPC spanning amino acid residues 23-231 named PR209. RESULTS The great majority of 47 PrPIPs were annotated as proteins involved in the recognition of nucleic acids. Coimmunoprecipitation and cell imaging in a transient expression system validated the interaction of PR209 with neuronal PrPIPs, such as FAM64A, HOXA1, PLK3 and MPG. However, the interaction did not generate proteinase K-resistant proteins. KeyMolnet, a bioinformatics tool for analysing molecular interaction on the curated knowledge database, revealed that the complex molecular network of PrPC and PrPIPs has a significant relationship with AKT, JNK and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Protein microarray is a useful tool for systematic screening and comprehensive profiling of the human PrPC interactome. Because the network of PrPC and interactors involves signalling pathways essential for regulation of cell survival, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, these observations suggest a logical hypothesis that dysregulation of the PrPC interactome might induce extensive neurodegeneration in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Petrakis S, Irinopoulou T, Panagiotidis CH, Engelstein R, Lindstrom J, Orr-Urtreger A, Gabizon R, Grigoriadis N, Sklaviadis T. Cellular prion protein co-localizes with nAChR beta4 subunit in brain and gastrointestinal tract. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:612-20. [PMID: 18279314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PrP(C), the cellular isoform of prion protein, is widely expressed in most tissues, including brain, muscle and gastrointestinal tract. Despite its involvement in several bioprocesses, PrP has still no apparent physiological role. During propagation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), prion protein is converted to the pathological isoform, PrP(Sc), in a process believed to be mediated by unknown host factors. The identification of proteins associated with PrP may provide information about both the biology of prions and the pathogenesis of TSE. Thus far, PrP(C) has been shown to interact with synaptic proteins, components of the cytoskeleton and intracellular proteins involved in signalling pathways. Here, we describe the association of PrP with the beta4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), as indicated by co-immunoprecipitation assays and double-label immunofluorescence. The interaction between prion protein and native beta4 subunit was further studied by affinity chromatography, using immobilized and refolded recombinant PrP as a bait and brain homogenates from normal individuals. Additionally, the participation of beta4 subunit in the pathogenesis of TSE was studied by in vivo assays. beta4(-/-) and wild-type mice were challenged with the RML (Rocky Mountain Laboratories) infectious agent. Transgenic animals displayed altered incubation times but the deletion of beta4 subunit did not result in a significant change of the incubation period of the disease. Our results suggest that PrP(C) is a member of a multiprotein membrane complex participating in the formation and function of alpha3beta4 nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Petrakis
- Prion Disease Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tabunoki H, Shimada T, Banno Y, Sato R, Kajiwara H, Mita K, Satoh JI. Identification of Bombyx mori 14-3-3 orthologs and the interactor Hsp60. Neurosci Res 2008; 61:271-80. [PMID: 18462820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family consists of evolutionarily conserved, acidic 30 kDa proteins composed of seven isoforms named beta, gamma, epsilon, zeta, eta, theta, and sigma in mammalian cells. The dimeric complex of 14-3-3 isoforms, acting as a molecular adaptor, plays a central role in regulation of neuronal function. Since aberrant expression of 14-3-3 is identified in the brains of Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, a convenient insect model, if it is available, is highly valuable for studying a pathological role of 14-3-3 in neurodegeneration. Here, we identified the silkworm Bombyx mori 14-3-3 orthologs, zeta and epsilon isoforms highly homologous in amino acid sequences to the human 14-3-3zeta and 14-3-3epsilon. By Western blot, the expression of zeta and epsilon isoforms was identified at substantial levels in the first instar larva, markedly upregulated in the second instar larva, and the highest levels were maintained in the late stage of larva, the pupa, and the adult. Furthermore, by protein overlay and immunoprecipitation, we identified Hsp60 as a 14-3-3-binding partner. The 14-3-3 proteins interacted with the N-terminal fragment of Hsp60. The 14-3-3zeta and epsilon isoforms, along with Hsp60, were expressed widely with overlapping distribution in larval and adult tissues, including brain, fat body, silk gland, Malpighian tube, midgut, ovary, testis, antenna, and pheromone gland. These observations suggest that a molecular adaptor 14-3-3 and a molecular chaperone Hsp60 cooperate to achieve a wide range of cellular functions in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tabunoki
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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Yutzy B, Holznagel E, Coulibaly C, Stuke A, Hahmann U, Deslys JP, Hunsmann G, Löwer J. Time-course studies of 14-3-3 protein isoforms in cerebrospinal fluid and brain of primates after oral or intracerebral infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:3469-3478. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) is an animal model for variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). The presence of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples indicates neuronal destruction and is therefore used as a clinical biomarker. However, time-course studies using 14-3-3 proteins have not been performed until now in simian vCJD. The main goals of this study were to determine isoform patterns, to examine kinetics and to correlate the clinical course with the occurrence of this biomarker in simian vCJD. In monkeys dosed intracerebrally with BSE, the earliest clinical sign of illness was a drop in body weight that was detected months before the onset of mild neurological signs. Macaques dosed orally or intracerebrally with BSE developed neurological signs 4.3 (3.7–4.6) and 4.8 (2.9–6.0) years post-infection, respectively. 14-3-3β- and -γ-positive CSF samples were found around the time of onset of mild neurological signs, but not earlier. In contrast, 14-3-3ϵ and -ηisoforms were not detectable. 14-3-3 levels increased with time and were positively correlated with the degree of neurological symptoms. Post-mortem examination of brain samples revealed a positive correlation between PrPresand 14-3-3ϵ levels. Interestingly, florid plaques characteristic of human vCJD could not be detected in diseased monkeys. It was concluded that analysis of 14-3-3 proteins in CSF is a reliable tool to characterize the time course of brain degeneration in simian vCJD. However, there are differences in the clinical course between orally and intracerebrally infected animals that may influence the detection of other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Stuke
- Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Hahmann
- Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Hunsmann
- Department of Virology and Immunology, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany
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Wojcik S, Engel WK, Yan R, McFerrin J, Askanas V. NOGO is increased and binds to BACE1 in sporadic inclusion-body myositis and in A beta PP-overexpressing cultured human muscle fibers. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114:517-26. [PMID: 17764014 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-007-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased amyloid-beta precursor protein (A beta PP) and amyloid-beta (A beta) accumulation appear to be upstream steps in the pathogenesis of sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM). BACE1, participating in A beta production is also increased in s-IBM muscle fibers. Nogo-B and Nogo-A belong to a family of integral membrane reticulons, and Nogo-B binding to BACE1 blocks BACE1 access to A beta PP, decreasing A beta production. We studied Nogo-B and Nogo-A in s-IBM muscle and in our IBM muscle culture models, based on A beta PP-overexpression or ER-stress-induction in cultured human muscle fibers (CHMFs). We report that: (1) in biopsied s-IBM fibers, Nogo-B is increased, accumulates in aggregates, is immuno-co-localized with BACE1, and binds to BACE1; Nogo-A is undetectable. (2) In CHMFs, (a) A beta PP overexpression increases Nogo-B, Nogo-A, and BACE1, (b) ER stress increases BACE1 but decreases Nogo-B and Nogo-A, (c) Nogo-B and Nogo-A associate with BACE1. Accordingly, two novel mechanisms, A beta PP overexpression and ER stress, are involved in Nogo-B and Nogo-A expression in human muscle. We propose that in s-IBM muscle the Nogo-B increase may represent an attempt by muscle fiber to decrease A beta production. However, the increase of Nogo-B seems insufficient because A beta continues to accumulate and the disease progresses. We propose that manipulations, which increase Nogo-B in s-IBM muscle might offer a new therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Wojcik
- USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, 637 S. Lucas Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90017-1912, USA
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Di Fede G, Giaccone G, Limido L, Mangieri M, Suardi S, Puoti G, Morbin M, Mazzoleni G, Ghetti B, Tagliavini F. The ε Isoform of 14-3-3 Protein Is a Component of the Prion Protein Amyloid Deposits of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007; 66:124-30. [PMID: 17278997 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3180302060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved, ubiquitous molecules involved in a variety of biologic events, such as transduction pathway modulation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Seven isoforms have been identified that are abundant in the brain, preferentially localized in neurons. Remarkable increases in 14-3-3 are seen in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and it has been found in pathologic inclusions of several neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the zeta isoform has been detected in prion protein (PrP) amyloid deposits of CJD patients. To further investigate the cerebral distribution of 14-3-3 in prion-related encephalopathies, we carried out an immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of brain tissue from patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) and sporadic, familial and acquired forms of CJD, using specific antibodies against the seven 14-3-3 isoforms. The study showed a strong immunoreactivity of PrP amyloid plaques of GSS patients for the 14-3-3 epsilon isoform, but not for the other isoforms. The epsilon isoform of 14-3-3 was not found in PrP deposits of CJD. These results indicate that the epsilon isoform of 14-3-3 is a component of PrP amyloid deposits of GSS and suggest that this is the sole 14-3-3 isoform specifically involved in the neuropathologic changes associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Fede
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurology, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Chiang MC, Juo CG, Chang HH, Chen HM, Yi EC, Chern Y. Systematic uncovering of multiple pathways underlying the pathology of Huntington disease by an acid-cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:781-97. [PMID: 17272267 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600356-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease that results from a CAG (glutamine) trinucleotide expansion in exon 1 of huntingtin (Htt). The aggregation of mutant Htt has been implicated in the progression of HD. The earliest degeneration occurs in the striatum. To identify proteins critical for the progression of HD, we applied acid-cleavable ICAT technology to quantitatively determine changes in protein expressions in the striatum of a transgenic HD mouse model (R6/2). The cysteine residues of striatal proteins from HD and wild-type mice were labeled, respectively, with the heavy and light forms of the ICAT reagents. Samples were trypsinized, uncovered by avidin affinity chromatography, and analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. Western blot analyses were used to confirm and to calibrate the ICAT ratios. Linear regression was used to uncover a group of proteins that exhibited consistent changes. In two independent ICAT experiments, we identified 427 cysteine-containing striatal proteins among which approximately 66% (203 proteins) were detected in both ICAT experiments. Approximately two-thirds of proteins identified in each ICAT experiment were detected in both ICAT experiments. In total, 68 proteins with altered expressions in HD mice were identified. Elevated expressions of two down-regulated proteins (14-3-3sigma and FKBP12) effectively reduced Htt aggregates in a striatal cell line, supporting the functional relevance of the above findings. Collectively by using a well defined protocol for data analysis, large scale comparisons of protein expressions by ICAT can be reliable and can provide valuable clues for identifying proteins critical for pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Petrakis S, Sklaviadis T. Identification of proteins with high affinity for refolded and native PrPC. Proteomics 2006; 6:6476-84. [PMID: 17111435 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PrPC, the cellular prion protein, is widely expressed in most tissues, including brain, muscle and the gastrointestinal tract, but its physiological role remains unclear. During propagation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), prion protein is converted to the pathological isoform, PrPSc, in a process believed to be mediated by as-yet-unknown host factors. The identification of proteins associated with PrP may provide information about the biology of prions and the pathogenesis of TSEs. In the present work, we report proteins identified from brain tissue based on their ability to bind to recombinant PrP (recPrP) or form multimolecular complexes with native PrPC in the presence of cross-linkers. Immobilized his-tagged recPrP was used as an affinity matrix to isolate PrP-interacting proteins from brain homogenates of normal individuals. In parallel, PrPC-associated proteins were characterized by cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The unknown molecules were identified by MS and the results of LC-MS/MS analysis were subsequently verified by Western blot. Both techniques resulted in identification of proteins participating in the formation of cytoskeleton and signal transduction, further supporting the hypothesis that PrP is involved in the organization and function of receptors throughout the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Petrakis
- Prion Disease Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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50
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Abstract
Proteomics technologies have been widely used in the investigation of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, and in particular in the detection of differences between healthy individuals and patients suffering from such diseases. Thus, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, Pick's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and other disorders as well as brain and CSF from animals serving as models of neurological disorders have been analyzed by proteomics. 2-DE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS has been mainly applied as this proteomics approach provides the possibility of convenient quantification of protein levels and detection of post-translational modifications. About 330 unique proteins with deranged levels and modifications have been detected by proteomics approaches to be related to neurodegeneration and psychiatric disorders. They are mainly involved in metabolism pathways, cytoskeleton formation, signal transduction, guidance, detoxification, transport, and conformational changes. In this article, we provide a summary of the major contributions of proteomics technologies in the study of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, in particular, in the detection of changes in protein levels and modifications related to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fountoulakis
- Division of Biotechnology, Foundation for Biomedical Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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