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Dlamini Z, Khanyile R, Molefi T, Damane BP, Bates DO, Hull R. Genomic Interplay between Neoneurogenesis and Neoangiogenesis in Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061805. [PMID: 36980690 PMCID: PMC10046518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new blood vessels, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The growing tumor requires nutrients and oxygen. Recent evidence has shown that tumors release signals to attract new nerve fibers and stimulate the growth of new nerve fibers. Neurogenesis, neural extension, and axonogenesis assist in the migration of cancer cells. Cancer cells can use both blood vessels and nerve fibers as routes for cells to move along. In this way, neurogenesis and angiogenesis both contribute to cancer metastasis. As a result, tumor-induced neurogenesis joins angiogenesis and immunosuppression as aberrant processes that are exacerbated within the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between these processes contributes to cancer development and progression. The interplay between these systems is brought about by cytokines, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, which activate signaling pathways that are common to angiogenesis and the nervous tissue. These include the AKT signaling pathways, the MAPK pathway, and the Ras signaling pathway. These processes also both require the remodeling of tissues. The interplay of these processes in cancer provides the opportunity to develop novel therapies that can be used to target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - David Owen Bates
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
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2
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The Long Telling Story of "Endothelial Progenitor Cells": Where Are We at Now? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010112. [PMID: 36611906 PMCID: PMC9819021 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs): The name embodies years of research and clinical expectations, but where are we now? Do these cells really represent the El Dorado of regenerative medicine? Here, past and recent literature about this eclectic, still unknown and therefore fascinating cell population will be discussed. This review will take the reader through a temporal journey that, from the first discovery, will pass through years of research devoted to attempts at their definition and understanding their biology in health and disease, ending with the most recent evidence about their pathobiological role in cardiovascular disease and their recent applications in regenerative medicine.
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3
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Moradi SZ, Jalili F, Hoseinkhani Z, Mansouri K. Regenerative Medicine and Angiogenesis; Focused on Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2022; 12:686-699. [PMID: 36415645 PMCID: PMC9675929 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern for health with high mortality rates around the world. CVD is often associated with partial or full occlusion of the blood vessel network. Changes in lifestyle can be useful for management early-stage disease but in the advanced stage, surgical interventions or pharmacological are needed to increase the blood flow through the affected tissue or to reduce the energy requirements. Regeneration medicine is a new science that has provided many different options for treating various diseases, especially in CVD over the years. Stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue engineering are some of the powerful branches of the field that have given patients great hope in improving their condition. In this review, we attempted to examine the beneficial effects, challenges, and contradictory effects of angiogenesis in vivo, and in vitro models' studies of CVD. We hope that this information will be able to help other researchers to design new effective structures and open new avenues for the treatment of CVD with the help of angiogenesis and regeneration medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- Gradute Studies Student, Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary‚S University, Halifax, NS,Canada
| | - Zohreh Hoseinkhani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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4
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Abstract
The intimate involvement of pathogens with the heightened risk for developing certain cancers is an area of research that has captured a great deal of attention over the last 10 years. One firmly established paradigm that highlights this aspect of disease progression is in the instance of Helicobacter pylori infection and the contribution it makes in elevating the risk for developing gastric cancer. Whilst the molecular mechanisms that pinpoint the contribution that this microorganism inflicts towards host cells during gastric cancer initiation have come into greater focus, another picture that has also emerged is one that implicates the host's immune system, and the chronic inflammation that can arise therefrom, as being a central contributory factor in disease progression. Consequently, when taken with the underlying role that the extracellular matrix plays in the development of most cancers, and how this dynamic can be modulated by proteases expressed from the tumor or inflammatory cells, a complex and detailed relationship shared between the individual cellular components and their surroundings is coming into focus. In this review article, we draw attention to the emerging role played by the cathepsin proteases in modulating the stage-specific progression of Helicobacter pylori-initiated gastric cancer and the underlying immune response, while highlighting the therapeutic significance of this dynamic and how it may be amenable for novel intervention strategies within a basic research or clinical setting.
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5
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Taeb S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Rezapoor S, Musa AE, Farhood B, Najafi M. Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Radiotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:18-30. [PMID: 34951575 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666211224154952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a chronic disorder that involves several elements of both the tumor and the host stromal cells. At present, the complex relationship between the various factors presents in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor cells, as well as immune cells located within the TME, is still poorly known. Within the TME, the crosstalk of these factors and immune cells essentially determines how a tumor reacts to the treatment and how the tumor can ultimately be destroyed, remain dormant, or develop and metastasize. Also, in TME, reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) intensifies the proliferation capacity of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are subpopulation of cells that reside within the tumor bulk and have the capacity to self-renew, differentiate, and repair DNA damage. These characteristics make CSCs develop resistance to a variety of treatments, such as radiotherapy (RT). RT is a frequent and often curative treatment for local cancer which mediates tumor elimination by cytotoxic actions. Also, cytokines and growth factors that are released into TME, have been involved in the activation of tumor radioresistance and the induction of different immune cells, altering local immune responses. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of TME in resistance of CSCs to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 , Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Turkey
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences., Iraq
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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6
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Oo MW, Kawai H, Takabatake K, Tomida S, Eguchi T, Ono K, Shan Q, Ohara T, Yoshida S, Omori H, Sukegawa S, Nakano K, Okamoto K, Sasaki A, Nagatsuka H. Resident stroma-secreted chemokine CCL2 governs myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. JCI Insight 2021; 7:148960. [PMID: 34874922 PMCID: PMC8765046 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer stroma and BM-derived cells (BMDCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play vital roles in tumor progression. However, the mechanism by which oral cancer stroma recruits any particular subset of BMDCs remains largely unknown. Here, we sought to identify the subset of BMDCs that is recruited by cancer stroma. We established a sequential transplantation model in BALB/c nude mice, including (a) BM transplantation of GFP-expressing cells and (b) coxenografting of patient-derived stroma (PDS; 2 cases, designated PDS1 and PDS2) with oral cancer cells (HSC-2). As controls, xenografting was performed with HSC-2 alone or in combination with normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). PDS1, PDS2, and HDF all promoted BMDC migration in vitro and recruitment in vivo. Multicolor immunofluorescence revealed that the PDS coxenografts recruited Arginase-1+CD11b+GR1+GFP+ cells, which are myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), to the TME, whereas the HDF coxenograft did not. Screening using microarrays revealed that PDS1 and PDS2 expressed CCL2 mRNA (encoding C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) at higher levels than did HDF. Indeed, PDS xenografts contained significantly higher proportions of CCL2+ stromal cells and CCR2+Arginase-1+CD11b+GR1+ MDSCs (as receiver cells) than the HDF coxenograft. Consistently, a CCL2 synthesis inhibitor and a CCR2 antagonist significantly inhibited the PDS-driven migration of BM cells in vitro. Furthermore, i.p. injection of the CCR2 antagonist to the PDS xenograft models significantly reduced the CCR2+Arginase-1+CD11b+GR1+ MDSC infiltration to the TME. In conclusion, oral cancer stroma–secreted CCL2 is a key signal for recruiting CCR2+ MDSCs from BM to the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Wathone Oo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kisho Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Qiusheng Shan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haruka Omori
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sukegawa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Oral Pathology and Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutica, Okayama, Japan
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Cao D, Naiyila X, Li J, Huang Y, Chen Z, Chen B, Li J, Guo J, Dong Q, Ai J, Yang L, Liu L, Wei Q. Potential Strategies to Improve the Effectiveness of Drug Therapy by Changing Factors Related to Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705280. [PMID: 34447750 PMCID: PMC8383319 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of various cell types and extracellular components. It contains tumor cells and is nourished by a network of blood vessels. The TME not only plays a significant role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors but also has a far-reaching impact on the effect of therapeutics. Continuous interaction between tumor cells and the environment, which is mediated by their environment, may lead to drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the key cellular components of the TME and the potential strategies to improve the effectiveness of drug therapy by changing their related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaokaiti Naiyila
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbing Guo
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Tang XH, Guo T, Gao XY, Wu XL, Xing XF, Ji JF, Li ZY. Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: functions and clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:99. [PMID: 34330299 PMCID: PMC8323226 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subpopulation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that transmit various biological molecules to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from nearly all types of cells and exist in all body fluids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the most abundant contents in exosomes, and some ncRNAs with biological functions are specifically packaged into exosomes. Recent studies have revealed that exosome-derived ncRNAs play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC). In addition, regulating the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs can promote or suppress GC progression. Moreover, the membrane structures of exosomes protect ncRNAs from degradation by enzymes and other chemical substances, significantly increasing the stability of exosomal ncRNAs. Specific hallmarks within exosomes that can be used for exosome identification, and specific contents can be used to determine their origin. Therefore, exosomal ncRNAs are suitable for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Regulating the biogenesis of exosomes and the expression levels of exosomal ncRNAs may represent a new way to block or eradicate GC. In this review, we summarized the origins and characteristics of exosomes and analysed the association between exosomal ncRNAs and GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Ward I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China.
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9
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Crippa S, Santi L, Berti M, De Ponti G, Bernardo ME. Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663316. [PMID: 34017834 PMCID: PMC8129582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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10
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Ribatti D, Pezzella F. Overview on the Different Patterns of Tumor Vascularization. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030639. [PMID: 33805699 PMCID: PMC8000806 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial event in the physiological processes of embryogenesis and wound healing. During malignant transformation, dysregulation of angiogenesis leads to the formation of a vascular network of tumor-associated capillaries promoting survival and proliferation of the tumor cells. Starting with the hypothesis formulated by Judah Folkman that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent, this area of research has a solid scientific foundation and inhibition of angiogenesis is a major area of therapeutic development for the treatment of cancer. Over this period numerous authors published data of vascularization of tumors, which attributed the cause of neo-vascularization to various factors including inflammation, release of angiogenic cytokines, vasodilatation, and increased tumor metabolism. More recently, it has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is not necessarily derived by endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting of new capillaries, but alternative vascularization mechanisms have been described, namely vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. In this article, we have analyzed the mechanisms involved in tumor vascularization in association with classical angiogenesis, including post-natal vasculogenesis, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. We have also discussed the role of these alternative mechanism in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and potential therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX39DU, UK
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (F.P.)
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11
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Rüger BM, Buchacher T, Dauber EM, Pasztorek M, Uhrin P, Fischer MB, Breuss JM, Leitner GC. De novo Vessel Formation Through Cross-Talk of Blood-Derived Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Absence of Pre-existing Vascular Structures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:602210. [PMID: 33330432 PMCID: PMC7718010 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of functional blood vessels remains a key challenge for regenerative medicine. Optimized in vitro culture set-ups mimicking the in vivo perivascular niche environment during tissue repair may provide information about the biological function and contribution of progenitor cells to postnatal vasculogenesis, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential. AIM We established a fibrin-based xeno-free human 3D in vitro vascular niche model to study the interaction of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) including circulating progenitor cells in the absence of endothelial cells (EC), and to investigate the contribution of this cross-talk to neo-vessel formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow-derived MSC were co-cultured with whole PBMC, enriched monocytes (Mo), enriched T cells, and Mo together with T cells, respectively, obtained from leukocyte reduction chambers generated during the process of single-donor platelet apheresis. Cells were embedded in 3D fibrin matrices, using exclusively human-derived culture components without external growth factors. Cytokine secretion was analyzed in supernatants of 3D cultures by cytokine array, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was quantified by ELISA. Cellular and structural re-arrangements were characterized by immunofluorescence and confocal laser-scanning microscopy of topographically intact 3D fibrin gels. RESULTS 3D co-cultures of MSC with PBMC, and enriched Mo together with enriched T cells, respectively, generated, within 2 weeks, complex CD31+/CD34+ vascular structures, surrounded by basement membrane collagen type-IV+ cells and matrix, in association with increased VEGF secretion. PBMC contained CD31+CD34+CD45dimCD14- progenitor-type cells, and EC of neo-vessels were PBMC-derived. Vascular structures showed intraluminal CD45+ cells that underwent apoptosis thereby creating a lumen. Cross-talk of MSC with enriched Mo provided a pro-angiogenic paracrine environment. MSC co-cultured with enriched T cells formed "cell-in-cell" structures generated through internalization of T cells by CD31+CD45 dim/ - cells. No vascular structures were detected in co-cultures of MSC with either Mo or T cells. CONCLUSION Our xeno-free 3D in vitro vascular niche model demonstrates that a complex synergistic network of cellular, extracellular and paracrine cross-talk can contribute to de novo vascular development through self-organization via co-operation of immune cells with blood-derived progenitor cells and MSC, and thereby may open a new perspective for advanced vascular tissue engineering in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate M. Rüger
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Buchacher
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Maria Dauber
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Pasztorek
- Department of Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda C. Leitner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Olejarz W, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Chrzanowska A, Lorenc T. Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165840. [PMID: 32823989 PMCID: PMC7461570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- 1st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-1073
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13
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Fang Y, Kaszuba T, Imoukhuede PI. Systems Biology Will Direct Vascular-Targeted Therapy for Obesity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:831. [PMID: 32760294 PMCID: PMC7373796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue expansion and metabolism during weight gain require coordinated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. These vascular growth processes rely on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands and receptors (VEGFRs). Several studies have shown that controlling vascular growth by regulating VEGF:VEGFR signaling can be beneficial for treating obesity; however, dysregulated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are associated with several chronic tissue inflammation symptoms, including hypoxia, immune cell accumulation, and fibrosis, leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders. An ideal obesity treatment should minimize adipose tissue expansion and the advent of adverse metabolic consequences, which could be achieved by normalizing VEGF:VEGFR signaling. Toward this goal, a systematic investigation of the interdependency of vascular and metabolic systems in obesity and tools to predict personalized treatment ranges are necessary to improve patient outcomes through vascular-targeted therapies. Systems biology can identify the critical VEGF:VEGFR signaling mechanisms that can be targeted to regress adipose tissue expansion and can predict the metabolic consequences of different vascular-targeted approaches. Establishing a predictive, biologically faithful platform requires appropriate computational models and quantitative tissue-specific data. Here, we discuss the involvement of VEGF:VEGFR signaling in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, adipogenesis, and macrophage specification – key mechanisms that regulate adipose tissue expansion and metabolism. We then provide useful computational approaches for simulating these mechanisms, and detail quantitative techniques for acquiring tissue-specific parameters. Systems biology, through computational models and quantitative data, will enable an accurate representation of obese adipose tissue that can be used to direct the development of vascular-targeted therapies for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingye Fang
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tomasz Kaszuba
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - P I Imoukhuede
- Imoukhuede Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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14
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Wu C, Hua Q, Zheng L. Generation of Myeloid Cells in Cancer: The Spleen Matters. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1126. [PMID: 32582203 PMCID: PMC7291604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells are key components of the tumor microenvironment and critical regulators of disease progression. These innate immune cells are usually short-lived and require constant replenishment. Emerging evidence indicates that tumors alter the host hematopoietic system and induce the biased differentiation of myeloid cells to tip the balance of the systemic immune activities toward tumor-promoting functions. Altered myelopoiesis is not restricted to the bone marrow and also occurs in extramedullary organs. In this review, we outline the recent advances in the field of cancer-associated myelopoiesis, with a focus on the spleen, the major site of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the cancer setting. We discuss the functional specialization, distinct mechanisms, and clinical relevance of cancer-associated myeloid cell generation from early progenitors in the spleen and its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomin Hua
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Wong AY, Whited JL. Parallels between wound healing, epimorphic regeneration and solid tumors. Development 2020; 147:147/1/dev181636. [PMID: 31898582 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Striking similarities between wound healing, epimorphic regeneration and the progression of solid tumors have been uncovered by recent studies. In this Review, we discuss systemic effects of tumorigenesis that are now being appreciated in epimorphic regeneration, including genetic, cellular and metabolic heterogeneity, changes in circulating factors, and the complex roles of immune cells and immune modulation at systemic and local levels. We suggest that certain mechanisms enabling regeneration may be co-opted by cancer to promote growth at primary and metastatic sites. Finally, we advocate that working with a unified approach could complement research in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y Wong
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jessica L Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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16
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Rojas A, Araya P, Gonzalez I, Morales E. Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:23-35. [PMID: 32030673 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A compelling body of evidence has demonstrated that gastric cancer has a very particular tumor microenvironment, a signature very suitable to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Recent investigations have provided new insights into the multiple molecular mechanisms, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, supporting a very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment and thus defining the fate of tumor progression. In this review, we intend to highlight the role of very active contributors at gastric cancer TME, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, all of them surrounded by an overtime changing extracellular matrix. In addition, the very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, thus defining the fate of tumor progression, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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17
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Vascular Wall as Source of Stem Cells Able to Differentiate into Endothelial Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31797283 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The traditional view of the vascular biology is changed by the discovery of vascular progenitor cells in bone marrow or peripheral blood Further complexity is due to the findings that the vessel walls harbor progenitor and stem cells, called vascular wall-resident vascular stem cells (VW-VSCs), able to differentiate to mature vascular wall cells. These immature stem/progenitor cell populations and multipotent mesenchymal lineage participate in postnatal neovascularization and vascular wall remodeling. Further studies are necessary to deepen the knowledge on characterization and biology of VW-VSCs, in particular of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in order to improve their use in clinical settings for regenerative approaches.
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18
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Lugano R, Ramachandran M, Dimberg A. Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:1745-1770. [PMID: 31690961 PMCID: PMC7190605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the same cancer tissue. These processes are orchestrated by a range of secreted factors and signaling pathways and can involve participation of non-endothelial cells, such as progenitors or cancer stem cells. Anti-angiogenic therapies using either antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved to treat several types of cancer. However, the benefit of treatment has so far been modest, some patients not responding at all and others acquiring resistance. It is becoming increasingly clear that blocking tumors from accessing the circulation is not an easy task to accomplish. Tumor vessel functionality and gene expression often differ vastly when comparing different cancer subtypes, and vessel phenotype can be markedly heterogeneous within a single tumor. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with vascular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Hua Y, Bergers G. Tumors vs. Chronic Wounds: An Immune Cell's Perspective. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2178. [PMID: 31572387 PMCID: PMC6751250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound repair program is tightly regulated and coordinated among different cell constituents including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells and endothelial cells following consecutive steps to ensure timely, and proper wound closure. Specifically, innate and adaptive immune cells are pivotal participants that also closely interact with the vasculature. Tumors are portrayed as wounds that do not heal because they undergo continuous stromal remodeling and vascular growth with immunosuppressive features to ensure tumor propagation; a stage that is reminiscent of the proliferative resolution phase in wound repair. There is increasing evidence from mouse model systems and clinical trials that targeting both the immune and vascular compartments is an attractive therapeutic approach to reawaken the inflammatory status in the "tumor wound" with the final goal to abrogate tumor cells and invigorate tissue homeostasis. In this review, we compare the implication of immune cells and the vasculature in chronic wounds and tumor wounds to underscore the conceptual idea of transitioning tumors into an inflammatory wound-like state with antiangiogenic immunotherapies to improve beneficial effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Hua
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
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20
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Li C, Huang Z, Gao N, Zheng J, Guan J. Injectable, thermosensitive, fast gelation, bioeliminable, and oxygen sensitive hydrogels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1191-1198. [PMID: 30889653 PMCID: PMC7368179 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The decrease of tissue oxygen content due to pathological conditions leads to severe cell death and tissue damage. Restoration of tissue oxygen content is the primary treatment goal. To accurately and efficiently assess efficacy of a treatment, minimally invasive, and long-term detection of oxygen concentration in the same tissue location represents a clinically attractive strategy. Among the different oxygen concentration measurement approaches, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has the potential to accomplish this. Yet there lacks injectable EPR probes that can maintain a consistent concentration at the same tissue location during treatment period to acquire a stable EPR signal, and can finally be eliminated from body without retrieval. Herein, we developed injectable and bioeliminable hydrogel-based polymeric EPR probes that exhibited fast gelation rate, slow weight loss rate, and high oxygen sensitivity. The probe was based on N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone acrylate (DBA), and tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM) radical. The injectable probes can be implanted into tissues using a minimally invasive injection approach. The high gelation rate (~10 s) allowed the probes to quickly solidify upon injection to have a high retention in tissues. The polymeric probes overcame the toxicity issue of current small molecule EPR probes. The probes can be gradually hydrolyzed. Upon complete hydrolysis, the probes became water soluble at 37 °C, thus having the potential to be removed from the body by urinary system. The probes showed slow weight loss rate so as to maintain EPR signal intensity for extended periods while retaining in a certain tissue location. The probes remained their high oxygen sensitivity after in vitro hydrolysis and in vivo implantation for 4 weeks. These hydrogel-based EPR probes have attractive properties for in vivo oxygen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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21
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Brickute D, Braga M, Kaliszczak MA, Barnes C, Lau D, Carroll L, Stevens E, Trousil S, Alam IS, Nguyen QD, Aboagye EO. Development and Evaluation of an 18F-Radiolabeled Monocyclam Derivative for Imaging CXCR4 Expression. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2106-2117. [PMID: 30883140 PMCID: PMC6522096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In humans, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a protein that is encoded by the CXCR4 gene and binds the ligand CXCL12 (also known as SDF-1). The CXCR4-CXCL12 interaction in cancer elicits biological activities that result in tumor progression and has accordingly been the subject of significant investigation for detection and treatment of the disease. Peptidic antagonists have been labeled with a variety of radioisotopes for the detection of CXCR4, but the methodology utilizing small molecules has predominantly used radiometals. We report here the development of a 18F-radiolabeled cyclam-based small molecule radioprobe, [18F]MCFB, for imaging CXCR4 expression. The IC50 value of [19F]MCFB for CXCR4 was similar to that of AMD3465 (111.3 and 89.8 nM, respectively). In vitro binding assays show that the tracer depicted a differential CXCR4 expression, which was blocked in the presence of AMD3465, demonstrating the specificity of [18F]MCFB. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies showed a distinct uptake of the radioprobe in lymphoma and breast cancer xenografts. High liver and kidney uptakes were seen with [18F]MCFB, leading us to further examine the basis of its pharmacokinetics in relation to the tracer's cationic nature and thus the role of organic cation transporters (OCTs). Substrate competition following the intravenous injection of metformin led to a marked decrease in the urinary excretion of [18F]MCFB, with moderate changes observed in other organs, including the liver. Our results suggest involvement of OCTs in the renal elimination of the tracer. In conclusion, the 18F-radiolabeled monocyclam, [18F]MCFB, has potential to detect tumor CXCR4 in nonhepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maciej A. Kaliszczak
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Chris Barnes
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Doreen Lau
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth Stevens
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Sebastian Trousil
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Israt S. Alam
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Quang-Dé Nguyen
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Department
of
Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
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Tal R, Dong D, Shaikh S, Mamillapalli R, Taylor HS. Bone-marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells contribute to vasculogenesis of pregnant mouse uterus†. Biol Reprod 2019; 100:1228-1237. [PMID: 30601943 PMCID: PMC6497522 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for cyclic endometrial growth, implantation, and pregnancy maintenance. Vasculogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels by bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), has been shown to contribute to endometrial vasculature. However, it is unknown whether vasculogenesis occurs in neovascularization of the decidua during pregnancy. To investigate the contribution of BM-derived EPCs to vascularization of the pregnant uterus, we induced non-gonadotoxic submyeloablation by 5-fluorouracil administration to wild-type FVB/N female mice recipients followed by BM transplantation from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under regulation of Tie2 endothelial-specific promoter. Following 1 month, Tie2-GFP BM-transplanted mice were bred and sacrificed at various gestational days (ED6.5, ED10.5, ED13.5, ED18.5, and postpartum). Bone-marrow-transplanted non-pregnant and saline-injected pregnant mice served as controls (n = 5-6/group). Implantation sites were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. While no GFP-positive EPCs were found in non-pregnant or early pregnant uteri of BM-transplanted mice, GFP-positive EPCs were first detected in pregnant uterus on ED10.5 (0.12%) and increased as the pregnancy progressed (1.14% on ED13.5), peaking on ED18.5 (1.42%) followed by decrease in the postpartum (0.9%). The percentage of endothelial cells that were BM-derived out of the total endothelial cell population in the implantation sites (GFP+CD31+/CD31+) were 9.3%, 15.8%, and 6.1% on ED13.5, ED18.5, and postpartum, respectively. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that EPCs incorporated into decidual vasculature, and immunofluorescence showed that GFP-positive EPCs colocalized with CD31 in vascular endothelium of uterine implantation sites, confirming their endothelial lineage. Our findings indicate that BM-derived EPCs contribute to vasculogenesis of the pregnant mouse decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dirong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shafiq Shaikh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Imaging VEGF Receptors and α vβ 3 Integrins in a Mouse Hindlimb Ischemia Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:963-972. [PMID: 29687324 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare targeted imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors vs. αvβ3 integrins in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model of peripheral artery disease. PROCEDURES Male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice (8- to 10-week old) (n = 24) underwent left femoral artery ligation. The right leg served as control. Five days later, mice were injected with either VEGF receptor targeting [99mTc]DOTA-PEG-scVEGF ([99mTc]scV) (n = 8) or with αvβ3-targeting tracer [99mTc]HYNIC-cycloRGD ([99mTc]RGD) (n = 8) and underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) x-ray computed tomography imaging. To assess non-specific [99mTc]scV uptake, six additional mice received a mixture of [99mTc]scV and 30-fold excess of targeting protein, scVEGF. Tracer uptake as %ID was measured using volumetric regions encompassing the hindlimb muscles and as %ID/g from harvested limb muscles. Double and triple immunofluorescent analysis on tissue sections established localization of αvβ3, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, as well as certain cell lineage markers. RESULTS Tracer uptake, as %ID/g, was higher in ligated limbs of mice injected with [99mTc]scV compared to ligated hindlimbs in mice injected with [99mTc]RGD (p = 0.02). The ratio of tracer uptake for ligated/control hindlimb was borderline higher for [99mTc]scV than for [99mTc]RGD (p = 0.06). Immunofluorescent analysis showed higher prevalence of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and αvβ3, in damaged vs. undamaged hindlimb tissue, but with little co-localization of these markers. Double immunofluorescent staining showed partial co-localization of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and αvβ3, with endothelial cell marker FVIII, but not with CD31. Immunostaining for VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 additionally co-localized with lineage markers for endothelial progenitor cell and monocytes/macrophages, with a more diverse pattern of co-localization for VEGFR-2. CONCLUSION In a mouse hindlimb ischemia model of peripheral artery disease, [99mTc]scV SPECT tracer-targeting VEGF receptors showed a more robust signal than [99mTc]RGD tracer-targeting αvβ3. Immunofluorescent analysis suggests that uptake of [99mTc]scV and [99mTc]RGD in damaged tissue is due to non-overlapping cell populations and reflects different dynamic processes and that enhanced uptake of [99mTc]scV may be due to the presence of VEGF receptors on additional cell types.
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Khashim Z, Samuel S, Duraisamy N, Krishnan K. Potential Biomolecules and Current Treatment Technologies for Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Overview. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:2-14. [PMID: 28523994 DOI: 10.2174/1573399813666170519102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulceration remains a major challenge and is one of the most expensive and leading causes of major and minor amputations among patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Hence the purpose of this review is to emphasize on potential molecular markers involved in diabetic foot ulcer physiology, the efficacy of different types of dressing materials, adjunct therapy and newer therapeutic approach like nanoparticles for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review search by using Pubmed and other web searches. The quality evidence of diabetic foot ulcer biomolecules and treatments was collected, summarized and compared with other studies. RESULTS The present investigation suggested that impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is an influence of several factors. All the advanced therapies and foot ulcer dressing materials are not suitable for all types of diabetic foot ulcers, however more prospective follow ups and in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to draw certain conclusion. Several critical wound biomolecules have been identified and are in need to be investigated in diabetic foot ulcers. The application of biocompatible nanoparticles holds a promising approach for designing dressing materials for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. CONCLUSION Understanding the cellular and molecular events and identifying the appropriate treatment strategies for different foot ulcer grades will reduce recurrence of foot ulcer and lower limb amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenith Khashim
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Shila Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, 1/7, MRB Avenue, Kattupakkam, Chennai-600056, India
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Azizidoost S, Asnafi AA, Saki N. Signaling-chemokine axis network in brain as a sanctuary site for metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3376-3382. [PMID: 30187487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis remains a major cause of death in patients with solid cancers. The co-operation between several molecular factors such as chemokines, chemokine receptors, and signaling pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis mostly from solid tumors. In this review, we examine the possible role of chemokine/receptor axis, as well as signaling pathways as prognostic biomarkers in brain metastasis. METHODS Relevant English language literature were searched and retrieved from Google Scholar search engine (1993-2017). The following keywords were used: "chemokine," "signaling pathway," "brain," "metastasis," and "niche." RESULTS Increased expression of chemokines like CXCL12 and dysregulated signaling intermediates such as Notch in patients with solid tumors (e.g., breast cancer) is associated with brain metastasis. CONCLUSIONS As biomarkers for brain metastasis, chemokine, and signaling intermediates are potential prognostic factors in a number of solid tumor, including breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Amin Asnafi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Del Papa N, Pignataro F. The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1383. [PMID: 29967618 PMCID: PMC6015881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a complex pathological process where the main scenario is represented by progressive loss of microvascular bed, with the consequent progressive fibrotic changes in involved organ and tissues. Although most aspects of vascular injury in scleroderma are poorly understood, recent data suggest that the scleroderma impairment of neovascularization could be related to both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis failure. Particularly, compensatory angiogenesis does not occur normally in spite of an important increase in many angiogenic factors either in SSc skin or serum. Besides insufficient angiogenesis, the contribution of defective vasculogenesis to SSc vasculopathy has been extensively studied. Over the last decades, our understanding of the processes responsible for the formation of new vessels after tissue ischemia has increased. In the past, adult neovascularization was thought to depend mainly on angiogenesis (a process by which new vessels are formed by the proliferation and migration of mature endothelial cells). More recently, increased evidence suggests that stem cells mobilize from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood (PB), differentiate in circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs), and home to site of ischemia to contribute to de novo vessel formation. Significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of EPCs, and molecular mechanisms regulating EPC function. Autologous EPCs now are becoming a novel treatment option for therapeutic vascularization and vascular repair, mainly in ischemic diseases. However, different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and peripheral artery ischemia are related to EPC dysfunction. Several studies have shown that EPCs can be detected in the PB of patients with SSc and are impaired in their function. Based on an online literature search (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, last updated December 2017) using keywords related to “endothelial progenitor cells” and “Systemic Sclerosis,” “scleroderma vasculopathy,” “angiogenesis,” “vasculogenesis,” this review gives an overview on the large body of data of current research in this issue, including controversies over the identity and functions of EPCs, their meaning as biomarker of SSc microangiopathy and their clinical potency.
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Wang G, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Sun Q, Xu H, Cai F, Xiang P, Chen Z, Jiang H. KAI1/CD82 Genetically Engineered Endothelial Progenitor Cells Inhibit Metastasis of Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a Mouse Model. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3146-3152. [PMID: 29755107 PMCID: PMC5975073 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are regarded as promising targeted vectors for delivering therapeutic genes or agents in cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of intravenously administered KAI1/CD82 genetically transduced EPCs in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Material/Methods EPCs were isolated from human umbilical cord blood, expanded in culture, and stably transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing KAI1/CD82. The KAI1/CD82 EPCs were injected intravenously into nude mice bearing human NPC xenografts. Tumor growth and the incidence of liver and lung metastases were observed. Expression of KAI1/CD82 was determined by immunofluorescent staining. Results The NPC model was successfully established. Tumor growth was not suppressed when mice were injected with KAI1/CD82 EPCs (KAI1/CD82 EPCs group) compared with when non-transduced EPCs was present (EPCs group) or the control (1.485±0.234, 1.388±0.204, and 1.487±0.223g, respectively; P>0.05). However, the incidence of lung metastasis was significantly reduced in the KAI1/CD82+ EPCs group compared with the EPCs group and the control group (10%, 55% and 45%, respectively; P=0.005), and there was a significant decrease in the number of metastatic foci on the lung surface (17.50±3.54, 34.27±5.35, and 38.44±9.63 respectively; P=0.007). Moreover, KAI1/CD82 was expressed in lung metastatic foci of the KAI1/CD82 EPCs group, but not in the EPCs group and control group. Conclusions EPCs can be used as a delivery vehicle for suppressor genes KAI1/CD82 to NPC, and the migration of KAI1/CD82 genetically engineered EPCs can inhibit NPC lung metastasis in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengming Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Xiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Okwan-Duodu D, Hansen L, Joseph G, Lyle AN, Weiss D, Archer DR, Taylor WR. Impaired Collateral Vessel Formation in Sickle Cell Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1125-1133. [PMID: 29545241 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adaptive response to vascular injury is the formation of functional collateral vessels to maintain organ integrity. Many of the clinical complications associated with sickle cell disease can be attributed to repeated bouts of vascular insufficiency, yet the detailed mechanisms of collateral vessel formation after injury are largely unknown in sickle cell disease. Here, we characterize postischemic neovascularization in sickle cell disease and the role of neutrophils in the production of reactive oxygen species. APPROACH AND RESULTS We induced hindlimb ischemia by ligation of the femoral artery in Townes SS (sickle cell) mice compared with AA (wild type) mice. Perfusion recovery, ascertained using LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) Doppler perfusion imaging, showed significant diminution in collateral vessel formation in SS mice after hindlimb ischemia (76±13% AA versus 34±10% in SS by day 28; P<0.001; n=10 per group). The incidence of amputation (25% versus 5%) and foot necrosis (80% versus 15%) after hindlimb ischemia was significantly increased in the SS mice. Motor function recovery evaluation by the running wheel assay was also impaired in SS mice (36% versus 97% at 28 days post-hindlimb ischemia; P<0.001). This phenotype was associated with persistent and excessive production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils. Importantly, neutrophil depletion or treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced oxidative stress and improved functional collateral formation in the SS mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest dysfunctional collateral vessel formation in SS mice after vascular injury and provide a mechanistic basis for the multiple vascular complications of sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Okwan-Duodu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Laura Hansen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Giji Joseph
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Daiana Weiss
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - David R Archer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, GA (D.R.A.)
| | - W Robert Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.) .,Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (W.R.T.).,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (W.R.T.)
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Sax MJ, Gasch C, Athota VR, Freeman R, Rasighaemi P, Westcott DE, Day CJ, Nikolic I, Elsworth B, Wei M, Rogers K, Swarbrick A, Mittal V, Pouliot N, Mellick AS. Cancer cell CCL5 mediates bone marrow independent angiogenesis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85437-85449. [PMID: 27863423 PMCID: PMC5356747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been suggested that the chemokine receptor (CCR5) is required for bone marrow (BM) derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mediated angiogenesis. Here we show that suppression of either cancer cell produced CCL5, or host CCR5 leads to distinctive vascular and tumor growth defects in breast cancer. Surprisingly, CCR5 restoration in the BM alone was not sufficient to rescue the wild type phenotype, suggesting that impaired tumor growth associated with inhibiting CCL5/CCR5 is not due to defects in EPC biology. Instead, to promote angiogenesis cancer cell CCL5 may signal directly to endothelium in the tumor-stroma. In support of this hypothesis, we have also shown: (i) that endothelial cell CCR5 levels increases in response to tumor-conditioned media; (ii) that the amount of CCR5+ tumor vasculature correlates with invasive grade; and (iii) that inhibition of CCL5/CCR5 signaling impairs endothelial cell migration, associated with a decrease in activation of mTOR/AKT pathway members. Finally, we show that treatment with CCR5 antagonist results in less vasculature, impaired tumor growth, reduced metastases and improved survival. Taken as a whole, this work demonstrates that directly inhibiting CCR5 expressing vasculature constitutes a novel strategy for inhibiting angiogenesis and blocking metastatic progression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John Sax
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Christin Gasch
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vineel Rag Athota
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Freeman
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Parisa Rasighaemi
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Iva Nikolic
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Elsworth
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Wei
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kelly Rogers
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Cardiothoracic Surgery and Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Centre, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Normand Pouliot
- Matrix Microenvironment & Metastasis Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Albert Sleiman Mellick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW, Australia.,Translational Oncology Unit, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool NSW, Australia
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Comunanza V, Bussolino F. Therapy for Cancer: Strategy of Combining Anti-Angiogenic and Target Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:101. [PMID: 29270405 PMCID: PMC5725406 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that blood supply is required and necessary for cancer growth and spreading is intuitive and was firstly formalized by Judah Folkman in 1971, when he demonstrated that cancer cells release molecules able to promote the proliferation of endothelial cells and the formation of new vessels. This seminal result has initiated one of the most fascinating story of the medicine, which is offering a window of opportunity for cancer treatment based on the use of molecules inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and in particular vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is the master gene in vasculature formation and is the commonest target of anti-angiogenic regimens. However, the clinical results are far from the remarkable successes obtained in pre-clinical models. The reasons of this discrepancy have been partially understood and well addressed in many reviews (Bergers and Hanahan, 2008; Bottsford-Miller et al., 2012; El-Kenawi and El-Remessy, 2013; Wang et al., 2015; Jayson et al., 2016). At present anti-angiogenic regimens are not used as single treatments but associated with standard chemotherapies. Based on emerging knowledge of the biology of VEGF, here we sustain the hypothesis of the efficacy of a dual approach based on targeting pro-angiogenic pathways and other druggable targets such as mutated oncogenes or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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He ZH, Chen Y, Chen P, He SD, Zeng HH, Ye JR, Liu D, Cao J. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine protects against emphysema in mice via suppressing p16 Ink4a expression in lung tissue. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3149-3158. [PMID: 29133977 PMCID: PMC5669795 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s131090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing realization that COPD, or at least emphysema, involves several processes presenting in aging and cellular senescence. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization and play an important role in the development of COPD. The gene for p16Ink4a is a major dominant senescence one. The aim of the present study was to observe changes in lung function, histomorphology of lung tissue, and expression of p16Ink4a in lung tissue and bone marrow-derived EPCs in emphysematous mice induced by cigarette-smoke extract (CSE), and further to search for a potential candidate agent protecting against emphysema induced by CSE. Materials and methods An animal emphysema model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CSE. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) was administered to the emphysematous mice. Lung function and histomorphology of lung tissue were measured. The p16Ink4a protein and mRNA in EPCs and lung tissues were detected using Western blotting and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results CSE induced emphysema with increased p16Ink4a expression in lung tissue and bone marrow-derived EPCs. 5-Aza-CdR partly protected against emphysema, especially in the lung-morphology profile, and partly protest against the overexpression of p16Ink4a in EPCs and lung tissue induced by CSE. Conclusion 5-Aza-CdR partly protected against emphysema in mice via suppressing p16Ink4a expression in EPCs and lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Sheng-Dong He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Hui-Hui Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Ji-Ru Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
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Klotzsche-von Ameln A, Cremer S, Hoffmann J, Schuster P, Khedr S, Korovina I, Troullinaki M, Neuwirth A, Sprott D, Chatzigeorgiou A, Economopoulou M, Orlandi A, Hain A, Zeiher AM, Deussen A, Hajishengallis G, Dimmeler S, Chavakis T, Chavakis E. Endogenous developmental endothelial locus-1 limits ischaemia-related angiogenesis by blocking inflammation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1150-1163. [PMID: 28447099 DOI: 10.1160/th16-05-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified endothelial cell-secreted developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) as an endogenous inhibitor of β2-integrin-dependent leukocyte infiltration. Del-1 was previously also implicated in angiogenesis. Here, we addressed the role of endogenously produced Del-1 in ischaemia-related angiogenesis. Intriguingly, Del-1-deficient mice displayed increased neovascularisation in two independent ischaemic models (retinopathy of prematurity and hind-limb ischaemia), as compared to Del-1-proficient mice. On the contrary, angiogenic sprouting in vitro or ex vivo (aortic ring assay) and physiological developmental retina angiogenesis were not affected by Del-1 deficiency. Mechanistically, the enhanced ischaemic neovascularisation in Del-1-deficiency was linked to higher infiltration of the ischaemic tissue by CD45+ haematopoietic and immune cells. Moreover, Del-1-deficiency promoted β2-integrin-dependent adhesion of haematopoietic cells to endothelial cells in vitro, and the homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells and of immune cell populations to ischaemic muscles in vivo. Consistently, the increased hind limb ischaemia-related angiogenesis in Del-1 deficiency was completely reversed in mice lacking both Del-1 and the β2-integrin LFA-1. Additionally, enhanced retinopathy-associated neovascularisation in Del-1-deficient mice was reversed by LFA-1 blockade. Our data reveal a hitherto unrecognised function of endogenous Del-1 as a local inhibitor of ischaemia-induced angiogenesis by restraining LFA-1-dependent homing of pro-angiogenic haematopoietic cells to ischaemic tissues. Our findings are relevant for the optimisation of therapeutic approaches in the context of ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emmanouil Chavakis
- Emmanouil Chavakis, MD, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, Tel.: +49 69 6301 4131, +49 69 6301 87965, Fax: +49 69 6301 83462, E-mail:
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Testa U, Saulle E, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Endothelial progenitor cells in hematologic malignancies. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27583252 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies carried out in the last years have improved the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling angiogenesis during adult life in normal and pathological conditions. Some of these studies have led to the identification of some progenitor cells that sustain angiogenesis through indirect, paracrine mechanisms (hematopoietic angiogenic cells) and through direct mechanisms, i.e., through their capacity to generate a progeny of phenotypically and functionally competent endothelial cells [endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs)]. The contribution of these progenitors to angiogenetic processes under physiological and pathological conditions is intensively investigated. Angiogenetic mechanisms are stimulated in various hematological malignancies, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes and multiple myeloma, resulting in an increased angiogenesis that contributes to disease progression. In some of these conditions there is preliminary evidence that some endothelial cells could derive from the malignant clone, thus leading to the speculation that the leukemic cell derives from the malignant transformation of a hemangioblastic progenitor, i.e., of a cell capable of differentiation to the hematopoietic and to the endothelial cell lineages. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying increased angiogenesis in these malignancies not only contributed to a better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for tumor progression, but also offered the way for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernestina Saulle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Endothelial progenitor cells promote tumor growth and progression by enhancing new vessel formation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:793-799. [PMID: 27446353 PMCID: PMC4950911 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and progression require new blood vessel formation to deliver nutrients and oxygen for further cell proliferation and to create a neovascular network exit for tumor cell metastasis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cell population that circulates in the peripheral circulation and homes to the tumor bed to participate in new blood vessel formation. In addition to structural support to nascent vessels, these cells can also regulate the angiogenic process by paracrine secretion of a number of proangiogenic growth factors and cytokines, thus playing a crucial role in tumor neovascularization and development. Inhibition of EPC-mediated new vessel formation may be a promising therapeutic strategy in tumor treatment. EPC-mediated neovascularization is a complex process that includes multiple steps and requires a series of cytokines and modulators, thus understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide anti-neovasculogenesis targets that may be blocked for the prevention of tumor development. The present review stresses the process and contribution of EPCs to the formation of new blood vessels in solid tumors, in an attempt to gain an improved understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, and to provide a potential effective therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Green LA, Njoku V, Mund J, Case J, Yoder M, Murphy MP, Clauss M. Endogenous Transmembrane TNF-Alpha Protects Against Premature Senescence in Endothelial Colony Forming Cells. Circ Res 2016; 118:1512-24. [PMID: 27076598 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-α (tmTNF-α) is the prime ligand for TNF receptor 2, which has been shown to mediate angiogenic and blood vessel repair activities in mice. We have previously reported that the angiogenic potential of highly proliferative endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) can be explained by the absence of senescent cells, which in mature endothelial cells occupy >30% of the population, and that exposure to a chronic inflammatory environment induced premature, telomere-independent senescence in ECFCs. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the role of tmTNF-α in the proliferation of ECFCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that tmTNF-α expression on ECFCs selects for higher proliferative potential and when removed from the cell surface promotes ECFC senescence. Moreover, the induction of premature senescence by chronic inflammatory conditions is blocked by inhibition of tmTNF-α cleavage. Indeed, the mechanism of chronic inflammation-induced premature senescence involves an abrogation of tmTNF/TNF receptor 2 signaling. This process is mediated by activation of the tmTNF cleavage metalloprotease TNF-α-converting enzyme via p38 MAP kinase activation and its concurrent export to the cell surface by means of increased iRhom2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we conclude that tmTNF-α on the surface of highly proliferative ECFCs plays an important role in the regulation of their proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden A Green
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, RLR VA Medical Center, and Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine (L.A.G., M.P.M., M.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), Department of Surgery (V.N., M.P.M.), and Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (J.M., J.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (M.C.).
| | - Victor Njoku
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, RLR VA Medical Center, and Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine (L.A.G., M.P.M., M.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), Department of Surgery (V.N., M.P.M.), and Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (J.M., J.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Julie Mund
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, RLR VA Medical Center, and Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine (L.A.G., M.P.M., M.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), Department of Surgery (V.N., M.P.M.), and Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (J.M., J.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Jaime Case
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, RLR VA Medical Center, and Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine (L.A.G., M.P.M., M.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), Department of Surgery (V.N., M.P.M.), and Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (J.M., J.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Mervin Yoder
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, RLR VA Medical Center, and Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine (L.A.G., M.P.M., M.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), Department of Surgery (V.N., M.P.M.), and Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (J.M., J.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Michael P Murphy
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, RLR VA Medical Center, and Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine (L.A.G., M.P.M., M.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), Department of Surgery (V.N., M.P.M.), and Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (J.M., J.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Matthias Clauss
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, RLR VA Medical Center, and Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine (L.A.G., M.P.M., M.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Y.), Department of Surgery (V.N., M.P.M.), and Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (J.M., J.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (M.C.)
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Kotlinowski J, Jozkowicz A. PPAR Gamma and Angiogenesis: Endothelial Cells Perspective. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8492353. [PMID: 28053991 PMCID: PMC5174176 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8492353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize the current knowledge concerning PPARγ function in angiogenesis. We discuss the mechanisms of action for PPARγ and its role in vasculature development and homeostasis, focusing on endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- *Alicja Jozkowicz:
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Woodell-May JE, Tan ML, King WJ, Swift MJ, Welch ZR, Murphy MP, McKale JM. Characterization of the Cellular Output of a Point-of-Care Device and the Implications for Addressing Critical Limb Ischemia. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:417-24. [PMID: 26634187 PMCID: PMC4652191 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a terminal disease with high morbidity and healthcare costs due to limb loss. There are no effective medical therapies for patients with CLI to prevent amputation. Cell-based therapies are currently being investigated to address this unmet clinical need and have shown promising preliminary results. The purpose of this study was to characterize the output of a point-of-care cell separator (MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit), currently under investigation for the treatment of CLI, and compare its output with Ficoll-based separation. The outputs of the MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit and Ficoll separation were characterized using an automated hematology analyzer, colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, and tubulogenesis assays. Hematology analysis indicated that the MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit concentrated the total nucleated cells, mononuclear cells, and granulocytes compared with baseline bone marrow aspirate. Cells collected were positive for VEGFR-2, CD3, CD14, CD34, CD45, CD56, CD105, CD117, CD133, and Stro-1 antigen. CFU assays demonstrated that the MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit output a significantly greater number of mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells compared with cells output by Ficoll separation. There was no significant difference in the number of endothelial progenitor cells output by the two separation techniques. Isolated cells from both techniques formed interconnected nodes and microtubules in a three-dimensional cell culture assay. This information, along with data currently being collected in large-scale clinical trials, will help instruct how different cellular fractions may affect the outcomes for CLI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Woodell-May
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
- Address correspondence to: Jennifer E. Woodell-May, PhD, Biomet Biologics, LLC., A subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., 56, East Bell Drive, Warsaw, IN 46581, E-mail:
| | - Matthew L. Tan
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - William J. King
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - Matthew J. Swift
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - Zachary R. Welch
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James M. McKale
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
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Tam JCW, Ko CH, Lau KM, To MH, Kwok HF, Siu WS, Lau CP, Chan WY, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lau CBS. Enumeration and functional investigation of endothelial progenitor cells in neovascularization of diabetic foot ulcer rats with a Chinese 2-herb formula. J Diabetes 2015; 7:718-28. [PMID: 25350858 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKBROUND We investigated the effect of a Chinese 2-herb formula (NF3) on the enumeration and angiogenic differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in diabetic foot ulcer rats. METHODS EPCs and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. In vitro angiogenesis assays included proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation. RESULTS Our result demonstrated that NF3 (0.98 g/kg) could significantly enhance the circulating CD34(+) /VEGFR2(+) /CD45(-) EPCs levels in diabetic foot ulcer rats by 60% (P < 0.05) through the partial elevation of SDF-1α, restoring the mobilization ability of EPCs for wound neovascularization. We successfully isolated the BM-derived EPCs to study their angiogenic potential after NF3 treatment. BM-derived EPCs significantly expressed cell surface markers of CD34, CD146 and VEGFR2 (P < 0.05 - 0.01). NF3 could significantly stimulate the proliferation and attachment ability of EPCs dose-dependently (P < 0.01-0.001). Besides, NF3 could significantly augment EPCs migration (P < 0.001) and tube formation (P < 0.01-0.001). CONCLUSIONS NF3 modulated diabetic wound healing through regulation of systemic EPCs level and increase in local vascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chor Wing Tam
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Ho To
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hin Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ching Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chan KK, Matchett KB, McEnhill PM, Dakir EH, McMullin MF, El-Tanani Y, Patterson L, Faheem A, Rudland PS, McCarron PA, El-Tanani M. Protein deregulation associated with breast cancer metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:415-23. [PMID: 26088937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. It consists of a group of tumor cells that have the ability to grow uncontrollably, overcome replicative senescence (tumor progression) and metastasize within the body. Metastases are processes that consist of an array of complex gene dysregulation events. Although these processes are still not fully understood, the dysregulation of a number of key proteins must take place if the tumor cells are to disseminate and metastasize. It is now widely accepted that future effective and innovative treatments of cancer metastasis will have to encompass all the major components of malignant transformation. For this reason, much research is now being carried out into the mechanisms that govern the malignant transformation processes. Recent research has identified key genes involved in the development of metastases, as well as their mechanisms of action. A detailed understanding of the encoded proteins and their interrelationship generates the possibility of developing novel therapeutic approaches. This review will focus on a select group of proteins, often deregulated in breast cancer metastasis, which have shown therapeutic promise, notably, EMT, E-cadherin, Osteopontin, PEA3, Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) and Ran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Kui Chan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M McEnhill
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - El Habib Dakir
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Frances McMullin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Yahia El-Tanani
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Faheem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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40
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Lu-Emerson C, Duda DG, Emblem KE, Taylor JW, Gerstner ER, Loeffler JS, Batchelor TT, Jain RK. Lessons from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor trials in patients with glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:1197-213. [PMID: 25713439 PMCID: PMC4517055 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.9575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, remains a significant unmet need in oncology. Historically, cytotoxic treatments provided little durable benefit, and tumors recurred within several months. This has spurred a substantial research effort to establish more effective therapies for both newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. In this context, antiangiogenic therapy emerged as a promising treatment strategy because GBMs are highly vascular tumors. In particular, GBMs overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a proangiogenic cytokine. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated promising radiographic response rates, delayed tumor progression, and a relatively safe profile for anti-VEGF agents. However, randomized phase III trials conducted to date have failed to show an overall survival benefit for antiangiogenic agents alone or in combination with chemoradiotherapy. These results indicate that antiangiogenic agents may not be beneficial in unselected populations of patients with GBM. Unfortunately, biomarker development has lagged behind in the process of drug development, and no validated biomarker exists for patient stratification. However, hypothesis-generating data from phase II trials that reveal an association between increased perfusion and/or oxygenation (ie, consequences of vascular normalization) and survival suggest that early imaging biomarkers could help identify the subset of patients who most likely will benefit from anti-VEGF agents. In this article, we discuss the lessons learned from the trials conducted to date and how we could potentially use recent advances in GBM biology and imaging to improve outcomes of patients with GBM who receive antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lu-Emerson
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dan G Duda
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kyrre E Emblem
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth R Gerstner
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jay S Loeffler
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- All authors, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Park TH, Anand A. Management of diabetic foot: Brief synopsis for busy orthopedist. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2015; 6:24-9. [PMID: 26549948 PMCID: PMC4551462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
According to available medical reports, over 10% of diabetic patients will develop foot ulcers during their lifetimes. This condition still remains great challenges to many clinicians. Various mechanisms may explain treatment-resistant entity. Treatment varies widely, relying on the severity of the ulceration as well as the presence of infection or ischemia. However, the most important things to keep in mind should consist of the following: 1) appropriate debridement; 2) off-loading of pressure; 3) effective control of infection; 4) local wound care strategy; 5) timely reconstructive surgery. The ideal flap for diabetic foot reconstruction should provide a well-vascularized tissue to control infection, adequate contour for footwear, durability, and solid anchorage to resist shearing forces. A thorough assessment of patient's general condition and voluntary motivation of the patient should be warranted to prevent any sort of postoperative recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Park
- Buleun Health Care Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Anand
- Staff Orthopaedic Surgeon, VAMC, Jackson, MS, USA,Corresponding author.
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Shi J, Wei Y, Xia J, Wang S, Wu J, Chen F, Huang G, Chen J. CXCL12-CXCR4 contributes to the implication of bone marrow in cancer metastasis. Future Oncol 2014; 10:749-59. [PMID: 24799056 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis is postulated to be a key pathway in the interaction between (cancer) stem cells and their surrounding supportive cells in the (cancer) stem cell niche. As the bone marrow constitutes a unique microenvironment for cancer cells, the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis assists the bone marrow in regulating cancer progression. This interaction can be disrupted by CXCR4 antagonists, and this concept is being used clinically to harvest hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from the bone marrow. The functions of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in cancer cell-tumor microenvironment interaction and angiogenesis have been recently studied. This review focuses on how CXCL12-CXCR4 helps the bone marrow in creating a tumor mircoenvironment that results in the cancer metastasis. It also discusses ongoing research regarding the clinical feasibility of CXCR4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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The tumour-induced systemic environment as a critical regulator of cancer progression and metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:717-27. [PMID: 25082194 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent pre-clinical and clinical research has provided evidence that cancer progression is driven not only by a tumour's underlying genetic alterations and paracrine interactions within the tumour microenvironment, but also by complex systemic processes. We review these emerging paradigms of cancer pathophysiology and discuss how a clearer understanding of systemic regulation of cancer progression could guide development of new therapeutic modalities and efforts to prevent disease relapse following initial diagnosis and treatment.
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Rose JA, Erzurum S, Asosingh K. Biology and flow cytometry of proangiogenic hematopoietic progenitors cells. Cytometry A 2014; 87:5-19. [PMID: 25418030 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During development, hematopoiesis and neovascularization are closely linked to each other via a common bipotent stem cell called the hemangioblast that gives rise to both hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. In postnatal life, this functional connection between the vasculature and hematopoiesis is maintained by a subset of hematopoietic progenitor cells endowed with the capacity to differentiate into potent proangiogenic cells. These proangiogenic hematopoietic progenitors comprise a specific subset of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells that homes to sites of neovascularization and possess potent paracrine angiogenic activity. There is emerging evidence that this subpopulation of hematopoietic progenitors plays a critical role in vascular health and disease. Their angiogenic activity is distinct from putative "endothelial progenitor cells" that become structural cells of the endothelium by differentiation into endothelial cells. Proangiogenic hematopoietic progenitor cell research requires multidisciplinary expertise in flow cytometry, hematology, and vascular biology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of proangiogenic hematopoietic progenitor cell biology and flow cytometric methods to detect these cells in the peripheral blood circulation and BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Rose
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Chao J, Bledsoe G, Chao L. Kallikrein-kinin in stem cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:448-457. [PMID: 25258666 PMCID: PMC4172673 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i4.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue kallikrein-kinin system exerts a wide spectrum of biological activities in the cardiovascular, renal and central nervous systems. Tissue kallikrein-kinin modulates the proliferation, viability, mobility and functional activity of certain stem cell populations, namely mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mononuclear cell subsets and neural stem cells. Stimulation of these stem cells by tissue kallikrein-kinin may lead to protection against renal, cardiovascular and neural damage by inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress and promoting neovascularization. Moreover, MSCs and EPCs genetically modified with tissue kallikrein are resistant to hypoxia- and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and offer enhanced protective actions in animal models of heart and kidney injury and hindlimb ischemia. In addition, activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system promotes EPC recruitment to the inflamed synovium of arthritic rats. Conversely, cleaved high molecular weight kininogen, a product of plasma kallikrein, reduces the viability and vasculogenic activity of EPCs. Therefore, kallikrein-kinin provides a new approach in enhancing the efficacy of stem cell therapy for human diseases.
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Park YJ, Kim JY, Park J, Choi JJ, Kim WU, Cho CS. Bone erosion is associated with reduction of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1450-60. [PMID: 24991663 DOI: 10.1002/art.38352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors influencing endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) counts in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The number of circulating CD34+/ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive EPCs was measured in 126 RA patients and 46 non-RA control patients. Endothelial function was assessed by brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Serum CXCL12 concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EPCs and FMD were measured at baseline and after 24 weeks of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in 29 patients with active RA. RESULTS The numbers of circulating EPCs were significantly lower in the RA patients than in the non-RA controls. In multivariate analysis, older age, reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher bone erosion scores were independent risk factors for reduced EPC counts in RA patients. Serum CXCL12 levels correlated negatively with EPC counts, but positively with bone erosion scores. FMD was impaired in RA patients, and a decreased FMD in RA was closely associated with a higher bone erosion score and a reduced EPC count. In addition, EPC counts were restored by anti-TNF therapy, and this increase was paralleled by improvement in FMD. Interestingly, restoration of EPC counts was attenuated in patients with higher bone erosion scores than in those with lower scores, despite similar levels of improvement in disease activity. CONCLUSION The numbers of circulating EPCs in RA patients are reduced and are inversely correlated with serum levels of CXCL12. Reduced EPC counts are closely associated not only with bone erosion, but also with endothelial dysfunction.
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Moschetta M, Mishima Y, Sahin I, Manier S, Glavey S, Vacca A, Roccaro AM, Ghobrial IM. Role of endothelial progenitor cells in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:26-39. [PMID: 24709008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated neovasculature is a critical therapeutic target; however, despite significant progress made in the clinical efficacy of anti-vessel drugs, the effect of these agents remains transient: over time, most patients develop resistance, which inevitably leads to tumor progression. To develop more effective treatments, it is imperative that we better understand the mechanisms involved in tumor vessel formation, how they participate to the tumor progression and metastasis, and the best way to target them. Several mechanisms contribute to the formation of tumor-associated vasculature: i) neoangiogenesis; ii) vascular co-option; iii) mosaicism; iv) vasculogenic mimicry, and v) postnatal vasculogenesis. These mechanisms can also play a role in the development of resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs, and could serve as targets for designing new anti-vascular molecules to treat solid as well as hematological malignancies. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-mediated vasculogenesis represents an important new target, especially at the early stage of tumor growth (when EPCs are critical for promoting the "angiogenic switch"), and during metastasis, when EPCs promote the transition from micro- to macro-metastases. In hematologic malignancies, the EPC population could be related to the neoplastic clone, and both may share a common ontogeny. Thus, characterization of tumor-associated EPCs in blood cancers may provide clues for more specific anti-vascular therapy that has both direct and indirect anti-tumor effects. Here, we review the role of vasculogenesis, mediated by bone marrow-derived EPCs, in the progression of cancer, with a particular focus on the role of these cells in promoting progression of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; University of Bari Medical School, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Bari, Italy
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siobhan Glavey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo Vacca
- University of Bari Medical School, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gong L, Wang C, Li Y, Sun Q, Li G, Wang D. Effects of human adipose-derived stem cells on the viability of rabbit random pattern flaps. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:496-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ha XQ, Zhao M, Li XY, Peng JH, Dong JZ, Deng ZY, Zhao HB, Zhao Y, Zhang YY. Distribution of endothelial progenitor cells in tissues from patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1695-1700. [PMID: 24765203 PMCID: PMC3997668 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is accepted that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited into tumor sites and take part in the neovascularization of tumors. However, few articles have discussed the specific distribution of EPCs in vivo in tissues of gastric cancer patients. For this reason, the present study sought to elucidate EPC distribution in vivo in tissues of patients with gastric cancer. Fresh tumor tissues were collected from 26 newly diagnosed patients with histologically confirmed gastric cancer (mean age, 51 years; range, 21–81 years; 7 females, 19 males). All patients were treated surgically with curative intent. One portion of the fresh tissues was prepared for flow cytometric analysis and another was immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C for later use in quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The analysis was based on two groups of tissues, namely the cancer group and cancer-adjacent group. The presence of CD34/CD133 double-positive cells was determined in cancer-adjacent and cancer tissues by flow cytometry. The analysis revealed that the total number of EPCs in cancer tissue was slightly greater than the number in the cancer-adjacent tissue, but not to the point of statistical significance. The number of EPCs in cancer-adjacent and cancer tissues of patients with early-stage gastric cancer was higher than the EPC count in late-stage gastric cancer patients, and significant differences were identified in the number of EPCs in cancer tissue between patients of different tumor stages. Levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)34, CD133 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were not significantly different in cancer-adjacent tissue compared with cancer tissue. These results suggest that cancer-adjacent and cancer tissue of gastric cancer patients may be used as a reference index in the clinical and pathological staging of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Ha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hua Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Zi Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yun Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Military Command General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Gene Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
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Dual effects of cigarette smoke extract on proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and the protective effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on EPCs against the damage caused by CSE. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:640752. [PMID: 24696861 PMCID: PMC3947928 DOI: 10.1155/2014/640752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a major public health problem associated with multitude of diseases, including pulmonary and vascular diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization and play an important role in the development of these diseases. The effect of CSE on EPCs is seldom studied. The aim of the current study is to observe the effect of CSE on biological behavior of EPCs and, further, to search for potential candidate agent in protection of proliferation of EPCs against the damage caused by CSE exposure in vitro. Methods. The proliferations of EPCs isolated from bone marrow of C57BL/6J mice were assessed by MTT after incubating the EPCs with a series of concentrations of CSE (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) for different times (3, 6, and 24 hours) as well as with 1.0% CSE in presence of 5-AZA-CdR for 24 hours. Results. The proliferations of EPCs were significantly enhanced after 3 hours of exposure to concentrations of 1.0% and 2.5% CSE but depressed when exposed to concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0% CSE. Furthermore, the 5-AZA-CdR in concentrations of 2.0 μmol/L and 5.0 μmol/L partly protected against the depression of proliferation of EPCs caused by CSE exposure. Conclusions. The CSE showed dual effects on proliferation of EPCs isolated from mice. The 5-AZA-CdR partly protected the proliferation of EPCs against the damage caused by CSE exposure in vitro, suggesting that DNA methylation may be involved in the dysfunction of EPCs induced by CSE.
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