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Lu C, Jiang Y, Lan M, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang F. Children's food allergy: Effects of environmental influences and antibiotic use across critical developmental windows. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134506. [PMID: 38714059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies linked outdoor air pollution (OAP), indoor environmental factors (IEFs), and antibiotics use (AU) with the first wave of allergies (i.e., asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema), yet the role of their exposures on children's second wave of allergy (i.e., food allergy) are unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between exposure to OAP and IEFs and childhood doctor-diagnosed food allergy (DFA) during the pre-pregnancy, prenatal, early postnatal, and current periods, and to further explore the effect of OAP and IEFs on DFA in children co-exposed to antibiotics. METHODS A retrospective cohort study involving 8689 preschoolers was carried out in Changsha, China. Data on the health outcomes, antibiotic use, and home environment of each child were collected through a questionnaire. Temperature and air pollutants data were obtained from 8 and 10 monitoring stations in Changsha, respectively. Exposure levels to temperature and air pollutants at individual home addresses were calculated by the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations of childhood DFA with exposure to OAP, IEF, and AU. RESULTS Childhood ever doctor-diagnosed food allergy (DFA) was linked to postnatal PM10 exposure with OR (95% CI) of 1.18 (1.03-1.36), especially for CO and O3 exposure during the first year with ORs (95% CI) = 1.08 (1.00-1.16) and 1.07 (1.00-1.14), as well as SO2 exposure during the previous year with OR (95% CI) of 1.13 (1.02-1.25). The role of postnatal air pollution is more important for the risk of egg, milk and other food allergies. Renovation-related IAP (new furniture) and dampness-related indoor allergens exposures throughout all time windows significantly increased the risk of childhood DFA, with ORs ranging from 1.23 (1.03-1.46) to 1.54 (1.29-1.83). Furthermore, smoke-related IAP (environmental tobacco smoke [ETS], parental and grandparental smoking) exposure during pregnancy, first year, and previous year was related to DFA. Additionally, exposure to pet-related indoor allergens (cats) during first year and total plant-related allergens (particularly nonflowering plants) during previous year were associated with DFA. Moreover, exposure to plant-related allergy during first and previous year was specifically associated with milk allergy, while keeping cats during first year increased the risk of fruits/vegetables allergy. Life-time and early-life AU was associated with the increased risk of childhood DFA with ORs (95% CI) = 1.57 (1.32-1.87) and 1.46 (1.27-1.67), including different types food allergies except fruit/vegetable allergy. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal OAP, life-time and early-life IEFs and AU exposure played a vital role in the development of DFA, supporting the "fetal origin of childhood FA" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Healthy Building, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengju Lan
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanzhen Zhang
- Department of GICU, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Weiwu Road No. 1, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhao W, An Y, Cheng F, Zhao C. Expression of NMU and NMUR1 in tryptase-positive mast cells and PBLs in allergic rhinitis patients' nasal mucosa. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2024; 38:146-152. [PMID: 38378005 DOI: 10.1177/19458924241228764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide U (NMU) has been proven to elicit the release of mediators from mast cells (MCs) through its receptor NMUR1 in allergic inflammatory models. However, little is known about the correlations between NMU and MCs in human allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the expressions of NMU and NMUR1 in the tryptase + MCs and the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in human nasal mucosa with AR. METHODS Specimens of nasal mucosa from patients with AR (n = 10) and control patients without AR (n = 8) were collected and soaked in frozen tissue liquid solution (OCT) in tum. Cryostat sections were prepared for immunofluorescence staining. Tryptase was used as a marker to detect mast cells and other tryptase + immune cells. The expression of NMU and NMUR1 was respectively determined by double staining using a confocal microscope. RESULTS Neither NMU nor NMUR1 were detected in the tryptase + mast cells in the human nasal mucosa. To our surprise, both NMU and NMUR1 were co-expressed with tryptase in the PBLs within peripheral blood vessels in AR and controls. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that NMU could not influence human nasal tryptase + mast cells directly through NMUR1 in AR. The co-expression of both NMU and NMUR1 with tryptase in the PBLs provided new insight into the potential roles of NMU and tryptase in the circulation PBLs, and the infiltrated PBLs may promote nasal allergic inflammation by producing tryptase and NMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfang An
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fengli Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
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Sun P, Wang Y, Liu X, Li Z, Cui D, Li Q, Wang Q, Wang J. Methylation-driven mechanisms of allergic rhinitis during pollen and non-pollen seasons using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1242974. [PMID: 38699230 PMCID: PMC11063319 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1242974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread allergic airway disease that results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors and affects approximately 10%-40% of the global population. Pollen is a common allergen, and exposure to pollen can cause epigenetic changes. However, the mechanism underlying pollen-induced DNA methylation changes and their potential effects on the allergic march are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the methylation-driven mechanisms of AR during the pollen and non-pollen seasons using bioinformatics analysis and to investigate their relationship with asthma. Methods We downloaded DNA methylation and gene expression data from the GEO database (GSE50387: GSE50222, GSE50101) and identified differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pollen and non-pollen seasons using the CHAMP and limma packages. Through correlation analysis, we identified methylation-driven genes and performed pathway enrichment analysis to annotate their functions. We incorporated external data on AR combined with asthma (GSE101720) for analysis to identify key CpGs that promote the transformation of AR to asthma. We also utilized external data on olive pollen allergy (GSE54522) for analysis to validate the methylation-driven genes. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify gene modules significantly correlated with pollen allergy. We extracted genes related to the key methylation-driven gene ZNF667-AS1 from the significant module and performed pathway intelligent clustering using KOBAS-i. We also utilized gene set enrichment analysis to explore the potential function of ZNF667-AS1. Results We identified 20 and 24 CpG-Gene pairings during the pollen and non-pollen seasons. After incorporating external data from GSE101720, we found that ZNF667-AS1 is a key gene that may facilitate the transformation of AR into asthma during the pollen season. This finding was further validated in another external dataset, GSE54522, which is associated with pollen allergy. WGCNA identified 17 modules, among which the blue module showed significant correlation with allergies. ZNF667-AS1 was located in the blue module. We performed pathway analysis on the genes correlated with ZNF667-AS1 extracted from the blue module and identified a prominent cluster of pathways in the KOBAS-i results, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, MyD88, MAPK, and oxidative stress. Gene set enrichment analysis around cg05508084 (paired with ZNF667-AS1) also indicated its potential involvement in initiating and modulating allergic inflammation from the perspective of TLR and MAPK signaling. Conclusion We identified methylation-driven genes and their related pathways during the pollen and non-pollen seasons in patients with AR and identified key CpGs that promote the transformation of AR into asthma due to pollen exposure. This study provides new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of the transformation of AR to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Diankun Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Qinghai Golmud Jianqiao Hospital, Golmud, Qinghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Noh HE, Rha MS. Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract. Pathogens 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38392851 PMCID: PMC10892713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract, the first-line defense, is constantly exposed to inhaled allergens, pollutants, and pathogens such as respiratory viruses. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract plays a crucial role in the protection against invading respiratory pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of mucosal immunity in the airways is critical for the development of novel therapeutics and next-generation vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, our knowledge of mucosal immune responses in the airways has expanded. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge regarding the key components of the mucosal immune system in the respiratory tract. In addition, we summarize the host immune responses in the upper and lower airways following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and discuss the impact of allergic airway inflammation on mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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McGowan EC, Singh R, Katzka DA. Barrier Dysfunction in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2023; 25:380-389. [PMID: 37950816 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compelling evidence over the past decade supports the central role of epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The purpose of this review is to summarize the genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors driving epithelial barrier dysfunction, and how this impaired barrier can further promote the inflammatory response in EoE. RECENT FINDINGS Common environmental exposures, such as detergents, may have a direct impact on the esophageal epithelial barrier. In addition, the effects of IL-13 on barrier dysfunction may be reduced by 17β-estradiol, Vitamin D, and the short chain fatty acids butyrate and propionate, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. There are many genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors that contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction in EoE. This leads to further skewing of the immune response to a "Th2" phenotype, alterations in the esophageal microbiome, and penetration of relevant antigens into the esophageal mucosa, which are central to the pathophysiology of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C McGowan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Roopesh Singh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David A Katzka
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Barker T, Bulling M, Thomas V, Sweet M. The Effect of Pollen on Coral Health. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 38132295 PMCID: PMC10740922 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Corals are facing a range of threats, including rises in sea surface temperature and ocean acidification. Some now argue that keeping corals ex situ (in aquaria), may be not only important but necessary to prevent local extinction, for example in the Florida Reef Tract. Such collections or are already becoming common place, especially in the Caribbean, and may act as an ark, preserving and growing rare or endangered species in years to come. However, corals housed in aquaria face their own unique set of threats. For example, hobbyists (who have housed corals for decades) have noticed seasonal mortality is commonplace, incidentally following months of peak pollen production. So, could corals suffer from hay fever? If so, what does the future hold? In short, the answer to the first question is simple, and it is no, corals cannot suffer from hay fever, primarily because corals lack an adaptive immune system, which is necessary for the diagnosis of such an allergy. However, the threat from pollen could still be real. In this review, we explore how such seasonal mortality could play out. We explore increases in reactive oxygen species, the role of additional nutrients and how the microbiome of the pollen may introduce disease or cause dysbiosis in the holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triona Barker
- Aquatic Research Facility, Nature-Based Solutions Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Mark Bulling
- Aquatic Research Facility, Nature-Based Solutions Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Vincent Thomas
- Coral Spawning Lab, Unit 6 Midas Metro Centre, 193 Garth Road, Morden SM4 4NE, UK
| | - Michael Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Nature-Based Solutions Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
- Coral Spawning Lab, Unit 6 Midas Metro Centre, 193 Garth Road, Morden SM4 4NE, UK
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Guryanova SV, Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Bohle B, Ovchinnikova TV. How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900533. [PMID: 35782860 PMCID: PMC9245541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pollen is one of the main sources of allergens causing allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several allergens in plant pollen are panallergens which are also present in other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may also experience food allergies. The mechanism of sensitization and development of allergic inflammation is a consequence of the interaction of allergens with a large number of molecular factors that often are acting in a complex with other compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, which contribute to the induction a type 2-driven response of immune system. In this review, special attention is paid not only to properties of allergens but also to an important role of their interaction with lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in pollen sensitization. The reactions of epithelial cells lining the nasal and bronchial mucosa and of other immunocompetent cells will also be considered, in particular the mechanisms of the activation of B and T lymphocytes and the formation of allergen-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria N. Melnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova,
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Bacterial Species Associated with Highly Allergenic Plant Pollen Yield a High Level of Endotoxins and Induce Chemokine and Cytokine Release from Human A549 Cells. Inflammation 2022; 45:2186-2201. [PMID: 35668156 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization to pollen allergens has been increasing in Europe every year. Most studies in this field are related to climate change, phenology, allergens associated with different pollens, and allergic disorders. As a plant microhabitat, pollen is colonized by diverse microorganisms, including endotoxin-producing bacteria which may contribute to pollen allergy (pollinosis). Therefore, bacteria isolated from high allergenic and low allergenic plant pollen, as well as the pollen itself with all microbial inhabitants, were used to assess the effect of the pollen by measuring the endotoxins lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) concentrations and their effect on chemokine and cytokine release from transwell cultured epithelial A549 cells as a model of epithelial lung barrier. High allergenic pollen showed a significantly higher level of bacterial endotoxins; interestingly, the endotoxin level found in the bacterial isolates from high allergenic pollen was significantly higher compared to that of bacteria from low allergenic pollen. Moreover, bacterial LPS concentrations across different pollen species positively correlated with the LPS concentration across their corresponding bacterial isolates. Selected bacterial isolates from hazel pollen (HA5, HA13, and HA7) co-cultured with A549 cells induced a potent concentration-dependent release of the chemokine interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 as well as the cytokine TNF-alpha and interleukin-2 to both apical and basal compartments of the transwell model. This study clearly shows the role of bacteria and bacterial endotoxins in the pollen allergy as well as seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Saunders RM, Biddle M, Amrani Y, Brightling CE. Stressed out - The role of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:97-119. [PMID: 35472411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) surrounding the airways is dysfunctional in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting; increased contraction, increased mass, increased inflammatory mediator release and decreased corticosteroid responsiveness. Due to this dysfunction, ASM is a key contributor to symptoms in patients that remain symptomatic despite optimal provision of currently available treatments. There is a significant body of research investigating the effects of oxidative stress/ROS on ASM behaviour, falling into the following categories; cigarette smoke and associated compounds, air pollutants, aero-allergens, asthma and COPD relevant mediators, and the anti-oxidant Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. However, despite a number of recent reviews addressing the role of oxidative stress/ROS in asthma and COPD, the potential contribution of oxidative stress/ROS-related ASM dysfunction to asthma and COPD pathophysiology has not been comprehensively reviewed. We provide a thorough review of studies that have used primary airway, bronchial or tracheal smooth muscle cells to investigate the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and consider how they could contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. We summarise the current state of play with regards to clinical trials/development of agents targeting oxidative stress and associated limitations, and the adverse effects of oxidative stress on the efficacy of current therapies, with reference to ASM related studies where appropriate. We also identify limitations in the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Saunders
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Michael Biddle
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yassine Amrani
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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10
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Celebi Sozener Z, Ozdel Ozturk B, Cerci P, Turk M, Gorgulu Akin B, Akdis M, Altiner S, Ozbey U, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yilmaz I, Nadeau K, Ozdemir C, Mungan D, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease. Allergy 2022; 77:1418-1449. [PMID: 35108405 PMCID: PMC9306534 DOI: 10.1111/all.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external (e.g., chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), and general external (e.g., broader socioeconomic and psychological contexts) domains, all of which are interrelated. All the factors we are exposed to, from the moment of conception to death, are part of the external exposome. Several hundreds of thousands of new chemicals have been introduced in modern life without our having a full understanding of their toxic health effects and ways to mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes and loss of biodiversity, alterations in dietary habits, and the microbiome due to modernization, urbanization, and globalization constitute our surrounding environment and external exposome. Some of these factors disrupt the epithelial barriers of the skin and mucosal surfaces, and these disruptions have been linked in the last few decades to the increasing prevalence and severity of allergic and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and asthma. The epithelial barrier hypothesis provides a mechanistic explanation of how these factors can explain the rapid increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss factors affecting the planet's health in the context of the 'epithelial barrier hypothesis,' including climate change, pollution, changes and loss of biodiversity, and emphasize the changes in the external exposome in the last few decades and their effects on allergic diseases. In addition, the roles of increased dietary fatty acid consumption and environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, microplastics, nanoparticles, and tobacco) affecting epithelial barriers are discussed. Considering the emerging data from recent studies, we suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, and the establishment of individualized control measures to mitigate environmental threats and decrease allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Ozdel Ozturk
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Pamir Cerci
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesEskisehir City HospitalEskisehirTurkey
| | - Murat Turk
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKayseri City HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Begum Gorgulu Akin
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Seda Altiner
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Division of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKahramanmaras Necip Fazil City HospitalKahramanmarasTurkey
| | - Umus Ozbey
- Department of Nutrition and DietAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Insu Yilmaz
- Department of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University School of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child HealthDepartment of Pediatric Basic SciencesIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Istanbul Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Dilsad Mungan
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
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Peters RL, Sutherland D, Dharmage SC, Lowe AJ, Perrett KP, Tang MLK, Lycett K, Knibbs LD, Koplin JJ, Mavoa S. The association between environmental greenness and the risk of food allergy: A population-based study in Melbourne, Australia. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13749. [PMID: 35212044 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While exposure to environmental greenness in childhood has shown mixed associations with the development of allergic disease, the relationship with food allergy has not been explored. We investigated the association between exposure to environmental greenness and challenge-confirmed food allergy in a large population-based cohort. METHODS The HealthNuts study recruited 5276 12-month-old infants in Melbourne, Australia, who underwent skin prick testing to peanut, egg, and sesame; infants with a detectable wheal underwent food challenges to determine food allergy status. Environmental greenness was estimated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for five buffer zones around the infant's home address: at the home, 100 m, 500 m, 800 m, and 1600 m radial distances. Environmental greenness was categorized into 3 tertiles and mixed effects logistic regression models quantified the association between greenness and the risk of food allergy, adjusting for confounding and accounting for clustering at the neighborhood level. RESULTS NDVI data were available for n = 5097. For most buffer zones, medium and high greenness, compared to low greenness, was associated with an increased risk of peanut allergy (eg, 100 m tertile 2 aOR 1.89 95% CI 1.22-2.95, tertile 3 aOR 1.78 95% CI 1.13-2.82). For egg allergy, the effect sizes were smaller (100 m tertile 2 aOR 1.52 95% CI 1.16-1.97, tertile 3 aOR 1.38 95% CI 1.05-1.82). Socioeconomic status (SES) modified the association between greenness and peanut allergy, but not egg allergy; associations were apparent in the low SES group but not in the high SES group (p for interaction 0.08 at 100 m). Air pollution (PM2.5) also modified the associations between environmental greenness and food allergy, with associations present in high air pollution areas but not low (p for interaction at 100 m 0.05 for peanut and 0.06 for egg allergy.) CONCLUSION: Increased exposure to environmental greenness in the first year of life was associated with an increased risk of food allergy. Increased greenness may correlate with higher pollen levels which may trigger innate immune responses skewing the immune system to the Th2-dependent allergic phenotype; additionally, some pollen and food allergens are cross-reactive. Given the mixed data on greenness and other allergies, the relationship appears complex and may also be influenced by confounding variables outside those that were measured in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David Sutherland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kate Lycett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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12
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Peters RL, Mavoa S, Koplin JJ. An Overview of Environmental Risk Factors for Food Allergy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020722. [PMID: 35055544 PMCID: PMC8776075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IgE-mediated food allergy is an increasing public health concern in many regions around the world. Although genetics play a role in the development of food allergy, the reported increase has occurred largely within a single generation and therefore it is unlikely that this can be accounted for by changes in the human genome. Environmental factors must play a key role. While there is strong evidence to support the early introduction of allergenic solids to prevent food allergy, this is unlikely to be sufficient to prevent all food allergy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on risk factors for food allergy with a focus the outdoor physical environment. We discuss emerging evidence of mechanisms that could explain a role for vitamin D, air pollution, environmental greenness, and pollen exposure in the development of food allergy. We also describe the recent extension of the dual allergen exposure hypothesis to potentially include the respiratory epithelial barrier in addition to the skin. Few existing studies have examined the relationship between these environmental factors with objective measures of IgE-mediated food allergy and further research in this area is needed. Future research also needs to consider the complex interplay between multiple environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Peters
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia; (S.M.); (J.J.K.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia; (S.M.); (J.J.K.)
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer J. Koplin
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia; (S.M.); (J.J.K.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
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13
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Ourani-Pourdashti S, Azadi A. Pollens in therapeutic/diagnostic systems and immune system targeting. J Control Release 2021; 340:308-317. [PMID: 34763004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pollen is an excellent natural substance that plays an essential role in the reproduction of plants. In this review, we explain the structure, compositions, and characteristics of pollens. We consider pollen as a multifunctional tool that can be used in therapeutic/diagnostic systems. This microcapsule can be used in the forms of the hollow microcapsule, microgel, and composite, and also can be a tool for the synthesis of micro/nanostructures in various medical applications and used for the production of genetically modified plants that affect human health. In addition, we investigate the capability of this multifunctional tool in the immune system targeting that acts as an immunomodulator. In all applications and capabilities, we explain the potential of using nanostructures as parts of these systems and as auxiliary tools for promoting the applications of pollen. It is expected that soon, with the help of pollen-based therapeutic/diagnostic systems with the ability to immune system targeting, we will achieve effective and targeted therapeutic systems for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we suggest some ideas that may be a new step for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ourani-Pourdashti
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Yuksel H, Ocalan M, Yilmaz O. E-Cadherin: An Important Functional Molecule at Respiratory Barrier Between Defence and Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720227. [PMID: 34671272 PMCID: PMC8521047 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While breathing, many microorganisms, harmful environmental particles, allergens, and environmental pollutants enter the human airways. The human respiratory tract is lined with epithelial cells that act as a functional barrier to these harmful factors and provide homeostasis between external and internal environment. Intercellular epithelial junctional proteins play a role in the formation of the barrier. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule and one of the most important molecules involved in intercellular epithelial barier formation. E-cadherin is not only physical barrier element but also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and the immune response to environmental noxious agents through various transcription factors. In this study, we aimed to review the role of E-cadherin in the formation of airway epithelial barier, its status as a result of exposure to various environmental triggers, and respiratory diseases associated with its dysfunction. Moreover, the situations in which its abnormal activation can be noxious would be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yuksel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Merve Ocalan
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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15
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Shah RB, Shah RD, Retzinger DG, Retzinger AC, Retzinger DA, Retzinger GS. Competing Bioaerosols May Influence the Seasonality of Influenza-Like Illnesses, including COVID-19. The Chicago Experience. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091204. [PMID: 34578237 PMCID: PMC8469960 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from Chicago confirm the end of flu season coincides with the beginning of pollen season. More importantly, the end of flu season also coincides with onset of seasonal aerosolization of mold spores. Overall, the data suggest bioaerosols, especially mold spores, compete with viruses for a shared receptor, with the periodicity of influenza-like illnesses, including COVID-19, a consequence of seasonal factors that influence aerosolization of competing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa B. Shah
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60209, USA;
| | - Rachna D. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60153, USA;
| | | | - Andrew C. Retzinger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, Camden Clark Medical Center, Parkersburg, WV 26101, USA;
| | | | - Gregory S. Retzinger
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-926-2258
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16
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Pointner L, Kraiem A, Thaler M, Richter F, Wenger M, Bethanis A, Klotz M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Gilles S, Aglas L. Birch Pollen Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Dendritic Cell Activation Favoring T Cell Responses. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:680937. [PMID: 35386993 PMCID: PMC8974861 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.680937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal exposure to birch pollen (BP) is a major cause of pollinosis. The specific role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in BP-induced allergic inflammation and the identification of key factors in birch pollen extracts (BPE) initiating this process remain to be explored. This study aimed to examine (i) the importance of TLR4 for dendritic cell (DC) activation by BPE, (ii) the extent of the contribution of BPE-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other potential TLR4 adjuvant(s) in BPE, and (iii) the relevance of the TLR4-dependent activation of BPE-stimulated DCs in the initiation of an adaptive immune response. In vitro, activation of murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and human monocyte-derived DCs by BPE or the equivalent LPS (nLPS) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Polymyxin B (PMB), a TLR4 antagonist and TLR4-deficient BMDCs were used to investigate the TLR4 signaling in DC activation. The immunostimulatory activity of BPE was compared to protein-/lipid-depleted BPE-fractions. In co-cultures of BPE-pulsed BMDCs and Bet v 1-specific hybridoma T cells, the influence of the TLR4-dependent DC activation on T cell activation was analyzed. In vivo immunization of IL-4 reporter mice was conducted to study BPE-induced Th2 polarization upon PMB pre-treatment. Murine and human DC activation induced by either BPE or nLPS was inhibited by the TLR4 antagonist or by PMB, and abrogated in TLR4-deficient BMDCs compared to wild-type BMDCs. The lipid-free but not the protein-free fraction showed a reduced capacity to activate the TLR4 signaling and murine DCs. In human DCs, nLPS only partially reproduced the BPE-induced activation intensity. BPE-primed BMDCs efficiently stimulated T cell activation, which was repressed by the TLR4 antagonist or PMB, and the addition of nLPS to Bet v 1 did not reproduce the effect of BPE. In vivo, immunization with BPE induced a significant Th2 polarization, whereas administration of BPE pre-incubated with PMB showed a decreased tendency. These findings suggest that TLR4 is a major pathway by which BPE triggers DC activation that is involved in the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Further characterization of these BP-derived TLR4 adjuvants could provide new candidates for therapeutic strategies targeting specific mechanisms in BP-induced allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pointner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Amin Kraiem
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Thaler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fabian Richter
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Wenger
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Markus Klotz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Chair of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Christine Kühne 96 Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Chair of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Lorenz Aglas
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17
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Darnhofer B, Tomin T, Liesinger L, Schittmayer M, Tomazic PV, Birner‐Gruenberger R. Comparative proteomics of common allergenic tree pollens of birch, alder, and hazel. Allergy 2021; 76:1743-1753. [PMID: 33301602 PMCID: PMC8248232 DOI: 10.1111/all.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to known allergens, other proteins in pollen can aid the development of an immune response in allergic individuals. The contribution of the "unknown" protein allergens is apparent in phylogenetically related species where, despite of high homology of the lead allergens, the degree of allergenic potential can vary greatly. The aim of this study was to identify other potentially allergenic proteins in pollen of three common and highly related allergenic tree species: birch (Betula pendula), hazel (Corylus avellana) and alder (Alnus glutinosa). METHODS For that purpose, we carried out a comprehensive, comparative proteomic screening of the pollen from the three species. In order to maximize protein recovery and coverage, different protein extraction and isolation strategies during sample preparation were employed. RESULTS As a result, we report 2500-3000 identified proteins per each of the pollen species. Identified proteins were further used for a number of annotation steps, providing insight into differential distribution of peptidases, peptidase inhibitors and other potential allergenic proteins across the three species. Moreover, we carried out functional enrichment analyses that, interestingly, corroborated high species similarity in spite of their relatively distinct protein profiles. CONCLUSION We provide to our knowledge first insight into proteomes of two very important allergenic pollen types, hazel and alder, where not even transcriptomics data are available, and compared them to birch. Datasets from this study can be readily used as protein databases and as such serve as basis for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Omics Center GrazBiotechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Omics Center GrazBiotechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsTechnische Universität Wien (TU Wien)ViennaAustria
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Omics Center GrazBiotechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Omics Center GrazBiotechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsTechnische Universität Wien (TU Wien)ViennaAustria
| | - Peter Valentin Tomazic
- Division of PhoniatricsDepartment of OtorhinolaryngologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Ruth Birner‐Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Omics Center GrazBiotechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Faculty of Technical ChemistryInstitute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsTechnische Universität Wien (TU Wien)ViennaAustria
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18
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Celebi Sözener Z, Cevhertas L, Nadeau K, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 145:1517-1528. [PMID: 32507229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main interfaces controlling and attempting to homeostatically balance communications between the host and the environment are the epithelial barriers of the skin, gastrointestinal system, and airways. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunologic defenses and provides a protective wall against environmental factors. Following the industrial revolution in the 19th century, urbanization and socioeconomic development have led to an increase in energy consumption, and waste discharge, leading to increased exposure to air pollution and chemical hazards. Particularly after the 1960s, biological and chemical insults from the surrounding environment-the exposome-have been disrupting the physical integrity of the barrier by degrading the intercellular barrier proteins at tight and adherens junctions, triggering epithelial alarmin cytokine responses such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and increasing the epithelial barrier permeability. A typical type 2 immune response develops in affected organs in asthma, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. The aim of this article was to discuss the effects of environmental factors such as protease enzymes of allergens, detergents, tobacco, ozone, particulate matter, diesel exhaust, nanoparticles, and microplastic on the integrity of the epithelial barriers in the context of epithelial barrier hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Celebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- the Naddisy Foundation, Sean Parker Asthma and Allergy Center, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse 9, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
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Conjunctival transcriptome analysis reveals the overexpression of multiple pattern recognition receptors in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ocul Surf 2021; 19:241-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Uddin MJ, Gonzalez‐Cruz P, Warzywoda J, Gill HS. Sporopollenin Spikes Augment Antigen‐Specific Immune Response and Generate Long‐Lived Humoral Immunity. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Jasim Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University 2500 Broadway Lubbock TX 79409 USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez‐Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University 2500 Broadway Lubbock TX 79409 USA
| | - Juliusz Warzywoda
- Materials Characterization Center Whitacre College of Engineering Texas Tech University 2500 Broadway Lubbock TX 79409 USA
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University 2500 Broadway Lubbock TX 79409 USA
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Matsui M, Nagakubo D, Satooka H, Hirata T. A novel Siglec-F + neutrophil subset in the mouse nasal mucosa exhibits an activated phenotype and is increased in an allergic rhinitis model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:599-606. [PMID: 32247614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are important phagocytic cells for host defense against pathogens. They are rapidly recruited to the site of infection, release antimicrobial peptides and cytokines, and engulf and kill microbes. Neutrophils also accumulate in allergic inflammatory sites. Here we characterized neutrophil accumulation in the nasal mucosa using a mouse model of allergic rhinitis, in which mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged by intranasal administration of OVA or PBS. In the nasal mucosa of both PBS- and OVA-challenged mice, we found a cell subset expressing the eosinophil marker Siglec-F in the Ly-6G+ neutrophil population. Morphological analysis of the sorted Ly-6G+Siglec-F+ cells revealed that they were devoid of eosinophilic granules in the cytosol and were apparently neutrophils, but compared to conventional Ly-6G+Siglec-F- neutrophils, they had a more lobulated, "botryoid" nucleus. Siglec-F+ neutrophils were barely found in the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, cervical lymph nodes, the spleen, or blood. Both Siglec-F+ neutrophils and conventional neutrophils showed increased numbers in the nasal mucosa of OVA-challenged mice. Compared to conventional Siglec-F- neutrophils, Siglec-F+ neutrophils exhibited an activated phenotype and enhanced effector functions. Taken together, our findings identify Siglec-F+ neutrophils as a novel neutrophil subset with an activated phenotype that resides specifically in the nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsui
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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22
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Araujo GR, Aglas L, Vaz ER, Machado Y, Huber S, Himly M, Duschl A, Goulart LR, Ferreira F. TGFβ1 mimetic peptide modulates immune response to grass pollen allergens in mice. Allergy 2020; 75:882-891. [PMID: 31750952 PMCID: PMC7217028 DOI: 10.1111/all.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a cytokine that exerts immunosuppressive functions, as reflected by its ability to induce regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and inhibit Th1 and Th2 responses. Hence, peptides that mimic the active core domain of TGFβ1 may be promising candidates for modulation of the allergic response. This study aimed to investigate a synthetic TGFβ1 mimetic peptide (TGFβ1‐mim) for its ability to modulate the immune response during allergic sensitization to grass pollen allergens. Methods The in vitro action of TGFβ1‐mim was evaluated in human lung epithelial cells, Jurkat cells, and rat basophilic leukemia cells. The in vivo action was evaluated in a murine model of Phl p 5 allergic sensitization. Additionally, the Th2 modulatory response was evaluated in IL‐4 reporter mice. Results In vitro, TGFβ1‐mim downregulated TNF‐α production, IL‐8 gene expression, and cytokine secretion, upregulated IL‐10 secretion, and inhibited Phl p 5‐induced basophil degranulation. During Phl p 5 sensitization in mice, TGFβ1‐mim downregulated IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IFN‐γ, upregulated IL‐10, and induced Treg cell production. Furthermore, mice treated with TGFβ1‐mim had lower levels of IgE, IgG1, IgG2a and higher levels of IgA antibodies than control mice. In a reporter mouse, the mimetic inhibited Th2 polarization. Conclusion The TGFβ1‐mim efficiently modulated various important events that exacerbate the allergic microenvironment, including the production of main cytokines that promote Th1 and Th2 differentiation, and the induction of allergen‐specific regulatory T cells, highlighting its potential use in therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune response toward environmental allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galber R. Araujo
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Emília R. Vaz
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Biotechnology Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Yoan Machado
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Sara Huber
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Martin Himly
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Biotechnology Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlândia Brazil
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
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Mansouritorghabeh H, Jabbari-Azad F, Sankian M, Varasteh A, Farid-Hosseini R. The Most Common Allergenic Tree Pollen Grains in the Middle East: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 44:87-98. [PMID: 30936595 PMCID: PMC6423439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Allergy is becoming a major disease burden globally. Pollens are considered as the main component of aeroallergens that lead to rhinitis and asthma. Due to the lack of a comprehensive investigation on most allergic pollens of trees in the Middle East, the present study aimed to conduct a comprehensive literature review on this topic. The main goal of the study was to provide a checklist for allergists and patients to easily identify the commonest allergic pollens in their locality. The present review provides a broad range of information on the types and geographic locations of the most common allergic pollens of trees in each studied country. In general, among the 23 studied countries, palm and mesquite trees were the common producers of pollen allergen in the Persian Gulf region. Olive tree is common in Turkey, Palestine, and Israel, whereas sycamore tree is the common allergen pollen in Iran. Considering the uneven geographical distribution of these trees in the world, allergists are unable to accurately select the appropriate extracts for the skin prick test based on the information from the neighboring countries. This scenario becomes more complicated if one adds the imported ornamental trees in the picture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahzad Jabbari-Azad
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
,Department of Immununology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Department of Immununology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
,Immunology Research Center, Bouali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Varasteh
- Department of Immununology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
,Immunology Research Center, Bouali Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Farid-Hosseini
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
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24
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Loffredo L, Zicari AM, Occasi F, Perri L, Carnevale R, Battaglia S, Angelico F, Del Ben M, Martino F, Nocella C, Farcomeni A, De Castro G, Duse M, Violi F. Passive Smoking Exacerbates Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Isoform 2-Induced Oxidative Stress and Arterial Dysfunction in Children with Persistent Allergic Rhinitis. J Pediatr 2018; 202:252-257. [PMID: 30172425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), oxidative stress, and endothelial function in children with and without allergic rhinitis and to ascertain the effect of passive smoke exposure on these factors, because there is an established association between allergic rhinitis and increased cardiovascular risk in adults. METHODS We recruited 130 children-65 with persistent allergic rhinitis and 65 healthy controls. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation, blood levels of isoprostanes, serum activity of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX2-dp), and nitric oxide bioavailability, in these 2 groups of children. Serum cotinine levels were assessed to measure exposure to passive smoking. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, children with persistent allergic rhinitis had significantly higher sNOX2-dp and isoprostanes levels, lower flow-mediated dilation, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that flow-mediated dilation, isoprostanes, and cotinine were independently associated with sNOX2-dp levels. Of note, sNOX2-dp serum levels were significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis exposed to smoke, as compared with unexposed children with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION NOX2 is activated in children with persistent allergic rhinitis and passive smoke exposure exacerbates this effect. We further demonstrate an association between higher sNOX2-dp and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Occasi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Perri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Battaglia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Heidinger A, Rabensteiner DF, Rabensteiner J, Kieslinger P, Horwath-Winter J, Stabentheiner E, Riedl R, Wedrich A, Schmut O. Decreased viability and proliferation of CHANG conjunctival epithelial cells after contact with ultraviolet light-irradiated pollen. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 37:210-217. [PMID: 29216751 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1414226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Contact with pollen is the major reason for the development of allergic symptoms on the ocular surface leading to a significant increase of allergic diseases worldwide. Environmental changes such as increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation and air pollution are discussed as contributory causes for this increase. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of UV light on the histamine content of pollen and examined if an irradiation of pollen affects the viability and proliferation of conjunctival cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alder (Alnus glutinosa) and hazel (Corylus avellana) pollen were irradiated for different time periods with sunlight, UV-A or UV-B light and the histamine content was analysed and compared with non-irradiated pollen. Conjunctival epithelial cells (CHANG cells) were exposed to irradiated and non-irradiated pollen followed by an assessment of cell viability with the colorimetric MTS test and the impedance-based measurement of cell proliferation using the xCELLigence real-time analysis system. RESULTS UV light irradiation increased the histamine level of alder and hazel pollen in a dose-dependent manner. CHANG cells treated with irradiated pollen induced a statistically significant higher decrease of cell viability than treatment with non-irradiated pollen. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that UV light is able to alter pollen thus making them more harmful for conjunctival cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heidinger
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | | | - Jasmin Rabensteiner
- b Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Petra Kieslinger
- b Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | | | | | - Regina Riedl
- d Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Andreas Wedrich
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Otto Schmut
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
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26
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Strasser L, Dang HH, Schwarz H, Asam C, Ferreira F, Horejs-Hoeck J, Huber CG. Unbiased Quantitative Proteomics Reveals a Crucial Role of the Allergen Context for the Activation of Human Dendritic Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16638. [PMID: 29192156 PMCID: PMC5709417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 1 billion people suffer from allergic diseases. However, until now it is not fully understood how certain proteins can induce allergic immune responses, while others cannot. Studies suggest that allergenicity is a process not only determined by properties of the allergen itself but also by costimulatory factors, that are not classically associated with allergic reactions. To investigate the allergenicity of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and the impact of adjuvants associated with pollen, e.g. lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we performed quantitative proteome analysis to study the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Thus, we treated cells with birch pollen extract (BPE), recombinant Bet v 1, and LPS followed by proteomic profiling via high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using isobaric labelling. Enrichment and pathway analysis revealed the influence of regulated proteins especially in cytokine signalling and dendritic cell activation. We found highly regulated, but differentially expressed proteins after treatment with BPE and LPS, whereas the cellular response to Bet v 1 was limited. Our findings lead to the conclusion that Bet v 1 needs a specific “allergen context” involving cofactors apart from LPS to induce an immune response in human moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Strasser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H-H Dang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Asam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C G Huber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The connections between allergy, asthma and metabolic syndrome are becoming increasingly clear. Recent research suggests a unifying mitochondrial link between the diverse phenotypes of these interlinked morbidities. The scope of this review is to highlight cellular mechanisms, epidemiology and environmental allergens influencing mitochondrial function and its importance in allergy and asthma. We briefly also consider the potential of mitochondria-targeted therapies in prevention and cure. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has shown allergy, asthma and metabolic syndrome to be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Environmental pollutants and allergens are observed to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, primarily by inducing oxidative stress and ROS production. Malfunctioning mitochondria change the bioenergetics of the cell and its metabolic profile to favour systemic inflammation, which drives all three types of morbidities. Given the existing experimental evidence, approaches targeting mitochondria (e.g. antioxidant therapy and mitochondrial replacement) are being conducted in relevant disease models-with some progressing towards clinical trials, making mitochondrial function the focus of translational therapy research in asthma, allergy and linked metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyaanka Iyer
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Navya Mishra
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Gurugram, India.,Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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28
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Hill LJ, Williams AC. Meat Intake and the Dose of Vitamin B 3 - Nicotinamide: Cause of the Causes of Disease Transitions, Health Divides, and Health Futures? Int J Tryptophan Res 2017; 10:1178646917704662. [PMID: 28579801 PMCID: PMC5419340 DOI: 10.1177/1178646917704662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and vitamin B3 - nicotinamide - intake was high during hunter-gatherer times. Intake then fell and variances increased during and after the Neolithic agricultural revolution. Health, height, and IQ deteriorated. Low dietary doses are buffered by 'welcoming' gut symbionts and tuberculosis that can supply nicotinamide, but this co-evolved homeostatic metagenomic strategy risks dysbioses and impaired resistance to pathogens. Vitamin B3 deficiency may now be common among the poor billions on a low-meat diet. Disease transitions to non-communicable inflammatory disorders (but longer lives) may be driven by positive 'meat transitions'. High doses of nicotinamide lead to reduced regulatory T cells and immune intolerance. Loss of no longer needed symbiotic 'old friends' compounds immunological over-reactivity to cause allergic and auto-immune diseases. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumers and loss of methyl groups or production of toxins may cause cancers, metabolic toxicity, or neurodegeneration. An optimal dosage of vitamin B3 could lead to better health, but such a preventive approach needs more equitable meat distribution. Some people may require personalised doses depending on genetic make-up or, temporarily, when under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Hill
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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29
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Saito S, Aoki A, Arai I, Takaishi S, Ito H, Akiyama N, Kiyonari H. Regulation of Th2 responses by different cell types expressing the interleukin-31 receptor. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13:23. [PMID: 28428802 PMCID: PMC5392993 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a recently identified cytokine produced by Th2 cells that is involved in the development of atopic dermatitis-induced skin inflammation and pruritus. Its receptor, IL-31RA, is expressed by a number of cell types, including epithelial cells, eosinophils, and activated monocytes and macrophages. To date, however, the regulation of Th2 responses by distinct cell types and tissues expressing IL-31RA has not been well studied. METHODS In this study, Cry j 2, one of the major allergens of Japanese cedar pollen, was administered to IL-31RA-deficient or wild-type (WT) mice via nasal or intraperitoneal injection for induction of specific Th2 responses. RESULTS After nasal administration of Cry j 2, IL-31RA-deficient mice showed lower Cry j 2-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, Th2 cytokine (IL-5 and IL-13) production, and Th2-mediated (IgE, IgG1, and IgG2b) antibody responses than WT mice. In contrast, IL-31RA-deficient mice administered Cry j 2 intraperitoneally showed stronger Th2 immune responses than WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that IL-31R signaling positively regulates Th2 responses induced by nasal administration of Cry j 2, but negatively regulates these responses when Cry j 2 is administered intraperitoneally. Collectively, these data indicate that the induction of antigen-specific Th2 immune responses might depend on tissue-specific cell types expressing IL-31RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saburo Saito
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Ayana Aoki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan.,Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Arai
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Shinya Takaishi
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruyasu Ito
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Akiyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
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30
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Arebro J, Ekstedt S, Hjalmarsson E, Winqvist O, Kumlien Georén S, Cardell LO. A possible role for neutrophils in allergic rhinitis revealed after cellular subclassification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43568. [PMID: 28272395 PMCID: PMC5341103 DOI: 10.1038/srep43568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A re-examination of former concepts is required to meet today’s medical challenges in allergic rhinitis. Previously, neutrophils have been treated as a relatively homogenous cell population found in the nose both when the patient is suffering at the height of the allergic season as well as when the patient report no symptoms. However, new data indicates that neutrophils can be divided into different subsets with diverse roles in inflammation. We showed increased levels of neutrophils in peripheral blood, nasal biopsies and nasal lavage fluid (NAL) from allergic patients during the pollen season compared to healthy controls. A closer examination revealed that the activated subset of neutrophils, CD16high CD62Ldim, outweighed the normal form CD16high CD62Lhigh in nasal tissue among these patients. This skewed distribution was not seen in controls. The normal subset prevailed in peripheral blood from patients as well as controls, whereas CD16high CD62Ldim and CD16dim CD62Ldim subsets, the latter considered “end state” neutrophils before apoptosis, were elevated in NAL. Functional in vitro experiments revealed that activated neutrophils exhibit a T cell priming capacity and an ability to enhance eosinophil migration. Activated neutrophils may thus contribute to allergic inflammation seen in allergic rhinitis by priming T cells and attracting eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Arebro
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Ekstedt
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Hjalmarsson
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Translational Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Hosoki K, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Brasier AR, Kurosky A, Boldogh I, Sur S. Facilitation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Airway Inflammation by Pollen-Induced Innate Neutrophil Recruitment. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:81-90. [PMID: 26086549 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0044oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment is a hallmark of rapid innate immune responses. Exposure of airways of naive mice to pollens rapidly induces neutrophil recruitment. The innate mechanisms that regulate pollen-induced neutrophil recruitment and the contribution of this neutrophilic response to subsequent induction of allergic sensitization and inflammation need to be elucidated. Here we show that ragweed pollen extract (RWPE) challenge in naive mice induces C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) chemokine synthesis, which stimulates chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2)-dependent recruitment of neutrophils into the airways. Deletion of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) abolishes CXCL chemokine secretion and neutrophil recruitment induced by a single RWPE challenge and inhibits induction of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation after repeated exposures to RWPE. Forced induction of CXCL chemokine secretion and neutrophil recruitment in mice lacking TLR4 also reconstitutes the ability of multiple challenges of RWPE to induce allergic airway inflammation. Blocking RWPE-induced neutrophil recruitment in wild-type mice by administration of a CXCR2 inhibitor inhibits the ability of repeated exposures to RWPE to stimulate allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Administration of neutrophils derived from naive donor mice into the airways of Tlr4 knockout recipient mice after each repeated RWPE challenge reconstitutes allergic sensitization and inflammation in these mice. Together these observations indicate that pollen-induced recruitment of neutrophils is TLR4 and CXCR2 dependent and that recruitment of neutrophils is a critical rate-limiting event that stimulates induction of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Inhibiting pollen-induced recruitment of neutrophils, such as by administration of CXCR2 antagonists, may be a novel strategy to prevent initiation of pollen-induced allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koa Hosoki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology
| | | | - Allan R Brasier
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology.,3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- 3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology.,3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and
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32
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Chiappori A, De Ferrari L, Folli C, Mauri P, Riccio AM, Canonica GW. Biomarkers and severe asthma: a critical appraisal. Clin Mol Allergy 2015; 13:20. [PMID: 26430389 PMCID: PMC4590266 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-015-0027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) is a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous respiratory disease which affects among 5–10 % of asthmatic patients. Despite high-dose therapy, a large patients percentage is not fully controlled and has a poor quality of life. In this review, we describe the biomarkers actually known in scientific literature and used in clinical practice for SA assessment and management: neutrophils, eosinophils, periostin, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled breath condensate and galectins. Moreover, we give an overview on clinical and biological features characterizing severe asthma, paying special attention to the potential use of these ones as reliable markers. We finally underline the need to define different biomarkers panels to select patients affected by severe asthma for specific and personalized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Chiappori
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura De Ferrari
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Folli
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Riccio
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- DIMI-Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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33
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Ghosh N, Sircar G, Saha B, Pandey N, Gupta Bhattacharya S. Search for Allergens from the Pollen Proteome of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): A Major Sensitizer for Respiratory Allergy Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138992. [PMID: 26418046 PMCID: PMC4587886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory allergy triggered by pollen allergens is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Sunflower pollen is thought to be an important source of inhalant allergens. Present study aims to identify the prevalence of sunflower pollinosis among the Indian allergic population and characterizes the pollen allergens using immuno-proteomic tools. METHODOLOGY Clinico-immunological tests were performed to understand the prevalence of sensitivity towards sunflower pollen among the atopic population. Sera from selected sunflower positive patients were used as probe to detect the IgE-reactive proteins from the one and two dimensional electrophoretic separated proteome of sunflower pollen. The antigenic nature of the sugar moiety of the glycoallergens was studied by meta-periodate modification of IgE-immunoblot. Finally, these allergens were identified by mass-spectrometry. RESULTS Prevalence of sunflower pollen sensitization was observed among 21% of the pollen allergic population and associated with elevated level of specific IgE and histamine in the sera of these patients. Immunoscreening of sunflower pollen proteome with patient sera detected seven IgE-reactive proteins with varying molecular weight and pI. Hierarchical clustering of 2D-immunoblot data highlighted three allergens characterized by a more frequent immuno-reactivity and increased levels of IgE antibodies in the sera of susceptible patients. These allergens were considered as the major allergens of sunflower pollen and were found to have their glycan moiety critical for inducing IgE response. Homology driven search of MS/MS data of these IgE-reactive proteins identified seven previously unreported allergens from sunflower pollen. Three major allergenic proteins were identified as two pectate lyases and a cysteine protease. CONCLUSION Novelty of the present report is the identification of a panel of seven sunflower pollen allergens for the first time at immuno-biochemical and proteomic level, which substantiated the clinical evidence of sunflower allergy. Further purification and recombinant expression of these allergens will improve component-resolved diagnosis and therapy of pollen allergy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/metabolism
- Antigens, Plant/immunology
- Antigens, Plant/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Female
- Helianthus/immunology
- Helianthus/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/metabolism
- Immunoblotting
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Pollen/immunology
- Pollen/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteomics/methods
- Respiratory System/immunology
- Respiratory System/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurab Sircar
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Naren Pandey
- Department of Allergy and Asthma, Belle Vue Clinic, Kolkata, India
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