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Mercincavage M, Chen C, Trenholm I, Gonsalves NJ, Young WJ, Bover Manderski MT, Patel MS, O’Connor MK, Gundersen D, Delnevo CD, Steinberg MB. Associations of demographic and tobacco use characteristics with young adults' self-reported clinical encounters: Implications for cessation efforts. Prev Med Rep 2024; 45:102834. [PMID: 39156724 PMCID: PMC11326937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accelerating smoking cessation, particularly among young adults, is a national priority for decreasing tobacco-related disease. Healthcare providers play a critical role in delivering tobacco treatment interventions to this population. This study examined associations of demographic and tobacco use characteristics with young adults' self-reported past-year clinical encounters to identify opportunities to facilitate cessation. Methods We conducted cross-sectional, secondary analyses on a sample of 831 young adults aged 18-34 participating in the first wave of the National Young Adult Health Survey (NYAHS 2018-2019). Demographic and tobacco use characteristics were participants' sex, age, race, current cigarette use, and current other tobacco use. Clinical encounter outcomes were past-year self-report of (1) seeing a clinician, (2) being asked about tobacco use, and among those currently smoking, (3) being advised to quit smoking. Results After adjustment for covariates, women (vs. men) had 2.16 times greater odds of reporting seeing a clinician, while Non-White (vs. White) young adults and those currently (vs. never) smoking had 69% and 47% lower odds. Women and those currently smoking had 2.98 and 2.66 times greater odds, respectively, of being asked about tobacco use. Among those who currently smoked, being not confident (vs. confident) about quitting smoking was associated with 69% lower odds of being advised to quit; those who reported moderate (vs. low) nicotine dependence had 3.11 times higher odds of being advised to quit. Conclusions Sex, racial, and smoking status differences in young adults' clinical encounter outcomes suggest multiple opportunities for future smoking prevention and cessation intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mercincavage
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Catherine Chen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Isabel Trenholm
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nishi J. Gonsalves
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - William J. Young
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michelle T. Bover Manderski
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Manish S. Patel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mary K. O’Connor
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel Gundersen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Cristine D. Delnevo
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michael B. Steinberg
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Institute for Nicotine & Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Hu Y, Li X, Wang X, Ma H, Zhou J, Tang R, Kou M, Heianza Y, Liang Z, Qi L. Smoking timing, genetic susceptibility and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study from the UK Biobank. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2850-2859. [PMID: 38618988 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To prospectively assess the association of smoking timing with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and examine whether smoking amount or genetic susceptibility might modify the relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 294 815 participants without diabetes from the UK Biobank, including non-smokers and smokers with data on the time from waking to first cigarette, were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between smoking timing and the risk of incident T2D. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 12 years, a total of 9937 incident cases of T2D were documented. Compared with non-smokers, a shorter time from waking to first cigarette was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2D (P for trend < .001). In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) associated with smoking timing were 1.46 (1.17-1.81) for more than 2 hours, 1.51 (1.21-1.87) for 1-2 hours, 1.58 (1.34-1.85) for 30-60 minutes, 1.86 (1.57-2.21) for 5-15 minutes and 2.01 (1.60-2.54) for less than 5 minutes. We found that even among those who reported being light smokers, those with the shortest time from waking to first cigarette had a 105% higher risk of T2D with an HR of 2.05 (1.52-2.76), which was comparable with heavy smokers. The genetic risk score for T2D did not modify this association (P-interaction = .51). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that shorter time from waking to first cigarette is significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Minghao Kou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Liang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Darooghegi Mofrad M, Nosal BM, Avelino DC, Killion K, Puglisi M, Duffy VB, Chun OK. Food Resource Management and Healthy Eating Focus Associates with Diet Quality and Health Behaviors in Low-Income Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:2043. [PMID: 38999790 PMCID: PMC11243580 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition education and food resource management (FRM) can assist food-insecure individuals in acquiring healthy and affordable food. We aimed to assess the relationships between FRM skills and healthy eating focus with diet quality and health-related behaviors in low-income adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey of 276 low-income adults living in a low-food-access community in Northeast Connecticut. Through analysis of covariance, adults who usually or always had a meal plan, considered reading nutrition labels important, made a grocery list, were concerned about their food healthiness, and rated their diet quality as very good/excellent reported higher diet quality (frequency-based and liking-based scores) (p < 0.05 for all). Individuals who considered reading food labels very important and reported having a good diet reported less frequent pandemic-related unhealthy behaviors (consumption of candy and snack chips, soda or sugary drinks, weight gain, smoking) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, higher-frequency-based diet quality was associated with lower risk of overweight or obesity (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.76; p-trend < 0.01). Thus, FRM skills and healthy eating focus were associated with higher diet quality and healthier self-reported changes in diet, weight, and smoking behaviors during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.D.M.); (B.M.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Briana M. Nosal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.D.M.); (B.M.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Daniela C. Avelino
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (D.C.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Kate Killion
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (D.C.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Michael Puglisi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.D.M.); (B.M.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Valerie B. Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (D.C.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (M.D.M.); (B.M.N.); (M.P.)
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Carvalho GC, Pereira MR, de Lima Macena M, Silva Junior AE, Silva DR, Ferro DC, Paula DTDC, Melo JMF, Farias da Silva MCT, Bueno NB. Type and timing of ultra-processed foods consumption and its association with dietary intake and physical activity in women with obesity living in poverty. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:737-748. [PMID: 38558169 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the type and timing of ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and its association with dietary intake (DI) and physical activity (PA) in women with obesity living in poverty. METHODS A cross-sectional study was employed. Obesity was defined by at least two criteria (body mass index, waist circumference or % fat mass). Poverty was defined as the three lowest classes of the Brazilian Economic Classification Criterion. PA was measured with triaxial accelerometers and DI was assessed with three 24-h dietary recalls. Foods were categorised according to the NOVA classification, with UPF classified into five subgroups, as well as the timing of consumption into six meals. RESULTS In total, 56 adult women were included. Overall energy intake was 1653.21 (503.22) kcal/day. UPF intake was 21.62% (11.94%) kcal/day, being higher at breakfast (4.91% kcal/day), afternoon snack (5.39% kcal/day) and dinner (5.01% kcal/day). Only UPF subgroup 4 (sandwich biscuits, sweets, or treats) showed a positive association with energy intake (β = 54.40 [27.6, 81.10] kcal/day) and a negative association with protein intake (β = -0.31% [-0.48%, -0.14%] kcal/day). UPF consumption in morning (β = -0.41% [-0.79%, -0.02%] kcal/day) and afternoon (β = -0.18% [-0.33%, -0.04%] kcal/day) snacks was associated with lower protein intake. Furthermore, lunchtime UPF consumption was positively associated with walking time (β = 0.16% [0.02%; 0.30%]) and steps/hour (β = 8.72 [1.50; 15.94] steps/h). CONCLUSIONS Women with obesity living in poverty consume more UPF during breakfast, afternoon snack and dinner. Physical activity is positively associated with UPF consumption at lunch. UPF, such as sandwich biscuits, sweets or treats, contribute to increasing energy intake and reducing protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mateus de Lima Macena
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Eduardo Silva Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dafiny Rodrigues Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khan AU, Shah A, Majeed MT, Ahmad S. Predictors of quitting smoking behavior: evidence from Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32920-y. [PMID: 38619768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study attempts to identify factors that significantly encourage the cessation of smoking in the context of Pakistan. The study distributes a modified questionnaire among 421 respondents (current as well as former smokers) in the capital city of Pakistan, Islamabad. The binary regression method was employed to data for analyzing predictors of making quit attempts and successful smoking cessation. The result indicates that respondents having strong intentions to quit, high socioeconomic status, low nicotine dependency, and past quit attempts, and those having no-smoking friends, are more likely to quit cigarette smoking successfully. On the other hand, factors like social pressure to quit smoking, religious information against smoking, intention to quit smoking, and public regulation on smoking are more likely to encourage smokers to make quit attempts. The study calls for community and school-wide smoking cessation campaigns involving officials, peers and parents, religious leaders, and other influential individuals to inform people about the dangers of smoking. In addition, religious leaders should be encouraged to issue rulings against smoking especially during "Friday Prayer." Furthermore, the government should pronounce more strict and comprehensive regulations on smoking by properly monitoring its implementation to encourage cessation of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assad Ullah Khan
- School of Economics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Shah
- School of Economics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sareer Ahmad
- School of Economics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Calhoun BH, Walukevich-Dienst K, Graupensperger S, Patrick ME, Lee CM. Morning cannabis use in young adults: Associations with overall levels of use, negative consequences, and cannabis use disorder symptoms across 2.5 years. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111114. [PMID: 38325066 PMCID: PMC10919896 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research suggests morning cannabis use may be associated with using more cannabis and experiencing more cannabis-related consequences. This paper examined whether months when young adults reported morning cannabis use (use between 6:00AM and 12:00PM) were associated with cannabis use frequency, negative cannabis-related consequences, and changes in cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms. METHODS Participants were 778 young adults (Mage=21.11 years, 58.5% female) enrolled in a longitudinal study on substance use and social role transitions. Eligible participants were 18-23 years old at screening and reported past-year alcohol use. Participants completed a baseline survey, 24 consecutive monthly surveys, and a follow-up survey 30 months after baseline. Aims were tested using multilevel models and multiple regression. RESULTS Analyses were limited to cannabis use months (N=4719; 28.9% of sampled months) and participants who reported cannabis use at least once (N=542; 69.7% of all participants). Morning use was reported in 12.3% of cannabis use months and at least once by 23.6% of participants who reported using cannabis. Relative to non-morning use months, morning use months were associated with greater cannabis use frequency and more negative consequences. However, the association between morning use and negative consequences was not statistically significant after controlling for cannabis use frequency. The percentage of cannabis use months with morning use was positively associated with increased CUD symptoms at the 30-month follow-up, relative to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Morning cannabis use may be a useful marker of high-risk cannabis use and may contribute to the maintenance and worsening of CUD over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Calhoun
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA 98195-7238, USA.
| | - Katherine Walukevich-Dienst
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA 98195-7238, USA
| | - Scott Graupensperger
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA 98195-7238, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1248, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA 98195-7238, USA
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Maraqa B, Nazzal Z, Baker NA, Khatib H, Zeyad M, Aburayyan O. Factors contributing to the rising prevalence of waterpipe smoking dependence among university students: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:164. [PMID: 38378525 PMCID: PMC10880219 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects, consequences, and symptoms of nicotine dependence. This study aims to determine the prevalence of WPS dependence among Palestinian university waterpipe smoking students, their normative beliefs about WPS, and their relationship to dependence. METHODS A cross-sectional study of current WPS university students at five major Palestinian universities was conducted from September to December 2022. Participants were recruited using convenient sampling, and data collection was carried out via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We assessed students' WPS dependence using the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale. We used the Poisson regression model with robust variance to analyze factors independently associated with high WPS dependence. RESULTS The study included 746 current WPS university students. Results revealed a high prevalence of WPS dependence, with 69.4% (95%CI: 66.0-72.7%) exhibiting high dependence. Factors contributing to high WPS dependence included dual cigarette smoking (aPR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.12-1.25), studying medical sciences (aPR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.18), friends' approval of WPS (aPR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.17-1.34), daily WPS frequency (aPR: 1.98; 95%CI: 1.39-2.23), spending more than 50% of daily allowance on WPS (aPR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.10-1.64), and morning WPS sessions (aPR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.31-2.27). The study highlighted the influence of social factors, such as peers' approval and perceived prevalence, on WPS dependence. CONCLUSIONS WPS dependence is prevalent among university students, and it is associated with morning WPS, dual smoking, and increased WPS frequency. Notably, peer and cultural factors are essential primary motivators. As a result, it is critical to incorporate WPS considerations into Palestine's antismoking health promotion program. Therefore, it is vital to incorporate WPS into the Palestinian antismoking health promotion policy, and the health education of adolescents regarding the dangers of WPS should coincide with antismoking initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beesan Maraqa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine
- Primary HealthCare, Ministry of Health, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Community Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Noor Abu Baker
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Heyam Khatib
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Marwa Zeyad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Omar Aburayyan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al-Quds University, Al-Quds, Palestine
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Plurphanswat N, Rodu B. Why can't smokers quit? Longitudinal study of smokers in the US using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) waves 1 to 5. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 18:100517. [PMID: 37955038 PMCID: PMC10632605 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most adult cigarette smokers have tried unsuccessfully to quit. We followed participants in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study through five waves (2013-2019), comparing smoking, quit behaviors and other characteristics between persistent smokers and those who became and stayed former smokers. Methods The main analysis employed treatment effects to estimate mean differences in smoking and quitting behaviors among smoker groups. Logistic models were used to estimate predicted means based on continuing smokers' demographic characteristics to ensure that any differences in outcomes did not come from differences in demographic characteristics. Results Among smokers enrolled in PATH Wave 1, 68 % persisted in all subsequent waves. Compared with smokers who quit after Wave 1, persistent smokers had remarkably stable smoking behaviors, including significantly higher proportions of everyday smokers, consuming 10+ cigarettes per day, and smoking within 30 min of waking up. Persistent smokers were also less likely to try to quit completely, and experienced more negative symptoms from nicotine withdrawal. They also showed less interest in quitting and were less confident of being successful than smokers who quit by the next wave. Neither electronic nicotine delivery systems nor menthol played a role in continued smoking or quitting. Conclusions The characteristics and behaviors of persistent smokers in this study were stable over five waves of data collection during a six-year period, suggesting that these smokers need new cessation options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad Rodu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Borrego‐Soto G, Perez‐Paramo YX, Hernández‐Cabrera F, Alvarado‐Monroy FM, Borrego G, Robles‐Zamora A, Lazarus P, Rojas‐Martinez A. Biochemical and genetic biomarkers associated with nicotine dependence in Mexican smokers. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01142. [PMID: 37787014 PMCID: PMC10546262 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains an important health concern and is still a leading cause of preventable mortality. Nicotine is the substance responsible for sustained tobacco use and dependence. Identification of biomarkers underlying nicotine dependence behavior is important to identify people at risk for this dependence. In the present study, we identified biochemical and genetic biomarkers of nicotine dependence detected by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTDN) in Mexican smokers. The nicotine metabolites nicotine-N'-oxide, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine-glucuronide (3HC-O-Gluc), and nicotine-N-Gluc (Gluc) were useful to differentiate nicotine-dependent from non-dependent subjects (p < .0001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7818. Genetic variants in CYP2A6, FMO3, and UGT2B7 (rs2431413, rs28363545, and rs7439326, respectively) were associated with nicotine dependence (p = .03, p = .01, p = .01, respectively). Variations in the enzymatic activity of CYP2A6 were associated with altered nicotine-N'-oxide and 3HC-O-Gluc levels. Decreased urinary levels of 3HC-O-Gluc and increased nicotine-N'-oxide were associated with a decrease in the functional activity of CYP2A6. A strong positive correlation was observed between the ratio of urinary 3HC/cotinine, a measure of CYP2A6 activity, and the levels of 3HC-O-Gluc (p < .0001, r = .6835), while a strong negative correlation was observed with nicotine-N'-oxide (p < .0001, r = .6522) in nicotine-dependent subjects. No correlations were observed in non-nicotine-dependent subjects. These data suggest that particular urinary nicotine metabolites and genetic variants involved in nicotine metabolism are useful to identify subjects with nicotine dependence in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissela Borrego‐Soto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Yadira Xitlalli Perez‐Paramo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Francisco Hernández‐Cabrera
- Department of Bioinformatics and Complex Systems, Facultad de Ciencias Físico MatemáticasUniversidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonSan Nicolás de los GarzaMexico
| | | | - Gilberto Borrego
- Department of Computer science and designInstituto Tecnologico de SonoraObregonMexico
| | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Augusto Rojas‐Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research and Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludMonterreyMexico
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Niznik T, Ehlke SJ, Mermelstein R, Vandrey R, Hedeker D, Villanti AC, Cohn AM. Parameters of EMA Compliance and Self-Reported Reactivity in a Longitudinal Study of Young Adult Cannabis and Tobacco Co-Users. CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2023; 6:47-61. [PMID: 37484048 PMCID: PMC10361806 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Co-use of cannabis and tobacco has become increasingly popular among young adults. Interactive voice response (IVR) based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows for measurement of behavior in or near real-time, but has limitations including non-compliance, missing data, and potential for reactivity (e.g., behavior change) from frequent assessments. Methods This study examined tobacco and cannabis use characteristics and factors associated with IVR compliance and self-reported reactivity in 97 young adults who reported cannabis and tobacco co-use at baseline and completed daily IVR surveys of co-use behavior at three random times per day for 28 days. Results Overall IVR compliance was 55%, with a modal compliance of 60%. Compliance rates did not differ across morning, midday, and evening surveys, but significantly declined over time. The sample was divided into high frequency responders (>70% calls completed, n=35) and low frequency responders (<70%, calls completed n=62). There were no differences between high and low frequency responders on any baseline demographic, tobacco use (nicotine dependence severity), alcohol, or cannabis use characteristics (past 30-day frequency of use). Participants were receptive to IVR-based EMA monitoring and, 16.5% reported purposely decreasing nicotine/tobacco use due to monitoring, while 19.6% reported purposely decreasing cannabis use, which predicted lower cannabis use post-EMA monitoring. Conclusions Real-time assessment of co-use behavior among young adults does not appear to be impacted by specific demographics or substance use severity (nicotine dependence, heavy drinking). Data suggest some predictive utility of IVR-based EMA monitoring on short-term behavior change. More intensive approaches are needed to improve compliance among young adult cannabis and tobacco co-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Niznik
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Sarah J. Ehlke
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Robin Mermelstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan Vandrey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies and Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Amy M. Cohn
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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11
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Calhoun BH, Graupensperger S, Fairlie AM, Walukevich-Dienst K, Patrick ME, Lee CM. "Wake-and-bake" cannabis use: Predictors and cannabis-related outcomes of use shortly after waking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109937. [PMID: 37236059 PMCID: PMC10330799 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given recent historical increases in young adults frequent cannabis use and changes in cannabis policies throughout the United States, there is a need to examine high-risk patterns of use. This paper examined predictors and cannabis-related outcomes of "wake-and-bake" cannabis use, operationalized as use within 30min of waking. METHODS Participants were 409 young adults (Mage=21.61 years, 50.8% female) enrolled in a longitudinal study on simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., using alcohol and cannabis at the same time such that their effects overlap). Eligibility criteria included reporting alcohol use 3+ times and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use 1+ times in the past month. Participants completed twice-daily surveys for six 14-day bursts across two calendar years. Aims were tested using multilevel models. RESULTS Analyses were limited to cannabis use days (9406 days; 33.3% of all sampled days), and thereby to participants who reported using cannabis (384 participants; 93.9% of the sample). Wake-and-bake use was reported on 11.2% of cannabis use days and at least once by 35.4% of participants who used cannabis. On wake-and-bake use days, participants were high for more hours and had greater odds of driving under the influence of cannabis, but did not experience more negative consequences, relative to non-wake-and-bake cannabis use days. Participants who reported more cannabis use disorder symptoms and those reporting higher average social anxiety motives for cannabis use reported more frequent wake-and-bake use. CONCLUSIONS Wake-and-bake cannabis use may be a useful marker of high-risk cannabis use, including driving under the influence of cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Calhoun
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195-7238, USA.
| | - Scott Graupensperger
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195-7238, USA
| | - Anne M Fairlie
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195-7238, USA
| | - Katherine Walukevich-Dienst
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195-7238, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, P.O. Box 1248, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195-7238, USA
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12
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Luu NM, Tran TTH, Luong NK, Phan TH, Phan VC, Khuong QL, Nguyen TL, Duong TA, Oh JK, Vu THL, Vu VG, Hoang VM. Smoking Cessation, Quit Attempts and Predictive Factors among Vietnamese Adults in 2020. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1701-1710. [PMID: 37247291 PMCID: PMC10495881 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the updated smoking cessation and quit attempt rates and associated factors among Vietnamese adults in 2020. METHODS Data on tobacco use among adults in Vietnam in 2020 was derived from the Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The participants in the study were people aged 15 and older. A total of 81,600 people were surveyed across 34 provinces and cities. Multi-level logistic regression was used to examine the associations between individual and province-level factors on smoking cessation and quit attempts. RESULTS The smoking cessation and quit attempt rates varied significantly across the 34 provinces. The average rates of people who quit smoking and attempted to quit were 6.3% and 37.2%, respectively. The factors associated with smoking cessation were sex, age group, region, education level, occupation, marital status, and perception of the harmful effects of smoking. Attempts to quit were significantly associated with sex, education level, marital status, perception of the harmful effects of smoking, and visiting health facilities in the past 12 months. CONCLUSIONS These results may be useful in formulating future smoking cessation policies and identifying priority target groups for future interventions. However, more longitudinal and follow-up studies are needed to prove a causal relationship between these factors and future smoking cessation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Luu
- Department of Research Methodology and Biostatistics, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam.
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy.
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13
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Avelino DC, Duffy VB, Puglisi M, Ray S, Lituma-Solis B, Nosal BM, Madore M, Chun OK. Can Ordering Groceries Online Support Diet Quality in Adults Who Live in Low Food Access and Low-Income Environments? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040862. [PMID: 36839221 PMCID: PMC9964317 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. food assistance programs allowed the use of program benefits to order groceries online. We examined relationships between the food environment, food assistance, online grocery ordering, and diet quality among adults from one low-income, low food access community in Northeastern Connecticut during the pandemic. Via online survey, adults (n = 276) reported their perceived home and store food environments, food assistance participation, whether they ordered groceries online, and consumption frequency and liking of foods/beverages to calculate diet quality indices. Those who ordered groceries online (44.6%) were more likely to participate in food assistance programs and report greater diet quality. Perceived healthiness of store and home food environments was variable, with the ease of obtaining and selecting unhealthy foods in the neighborhood significantly greater than healthy foods. Healthier perceived home food environments were associated with significantly higher diet qualities, especially among individuals who participated in multiple food assistance programs. Ordering groceries online interacted with multiple measures of the food environment to influence diet quality. Generally, the poorest diet quality was observed among individuals who perceived their store and home food environments as least healthy and who did not order groceries online. Thus, ordering groceries online may support higher diet quality among adults who can use their food assistance for purchasing groceries online and who live in low-income, low-access food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C. Avelino
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Valerie B. Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Correspondence: (V.B.D.); (O.K.C.); Tel.: +860-486-1997 (V.B.D.); +860-486-6275 (O.K.C.)
| | - Michael Puglisi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Snehaa Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Brenda Lituma-Solis
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Briana M. Nosal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Matthew Madore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Correspondence: (V.B.D.); (O.K.C.); Tel.: +860-486-1997 (V.B.D.); +860-486-6275 (O.K.C.)
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14
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Loukas A, Marti CN, Harrell MB, Pasch KE, Wilkinson AV. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) dependence among Texas Young Adults, 2014-2019: Increasing trajectory after the 2017 surge in vape pod popularity. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 241:109700. [PMID: 36434881 PMCID: PMC9806720 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) increased significantly after 2017. The increase is attributed to a surge in popularity of vape pods containing nicotine salts, which are high nicotine concentration ENDS that may heighten risk for dependence. However, little is known about changes in ENDS dependence before and after the 2017 surge. We examined the trajectory of ENDS dependence among young adults from 2014 to 2019. METHODS Participants were 1700 18-25-year-olds (57.6 % female) from 24 Texas colleges who reported past 30-day ENDS use in at least one of eight study waves. ENDS dependence was assessed at all waves with one item, use of ENDS within 30 min of waking. A discontinuous growth curve model was fit to test the hypothesis that the ENDS dependence trajectory would increase only after 2017, from 2018 to 2019. The model included socio-demographic and cigarette dependence covariates RESULTS: The proportion of young adults reporting ENDS dependence ranged from 2.3 % in 2014 to 8.2 % in 2019. Results from the discontinuous growth curve model indicated that the ENDS dependence trajectory was flat from fall 2014 to spring 2017. However, the post-2017 trajectory, from spring 2018 to spring 2019, was positive and significant indicating that the proportion of young adults reporting ENDS dependence increased after 2017. CONCLUSIONS The increase in ENDS dependence after 2017 likely resulted from the surge in popularity of vape pods containing nicotine salts. These vape pods are a disruptive technology that may result in more young adults developing nicotine dependence symptoms than do earlier generation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loukas
- Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd. D3700, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - C Nathan Marti
- Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 2209 San Jacinto Blvd. D3700, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth, School of Public Health-Houston, Austin Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, United States
| | - Keryn E Pasch
- Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd. D3700, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth, School of Public Health-Houston, Austin Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, United States
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15
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Egbe CO, Kulik MC, Londani M, Ngobese SP, Ayo-Yusuf OA. A cross-sectional investigation of softening indicators among South African smokers: Results from the South African Social Attitudes Survey between 2007 and 2018. Prev Med Rep 2022; 27:101785. [PMID: 35656217 PMCID: PMC9152784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown softening among smokers in different countries and in different population groups i.e., as smoking prevalence declined remaining smokers made more quit attempts and smoked fewer cigarettes per day (CPD), as opposed to hardening. We examined tobacco use-related cross-sectional data from five waves of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS 2007-2018, N = 14,822). Accounting for the SASAS's complex survey design, we ran logistic and linear regressions for smoking prevalence, and for the following indicators of softening: plans to quit smoking within a month, time to first cigarette (5 min, TTFC) and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). We controlled for survey wave, age, sex, race, marital status, educational level and urban/rural residence. Smoking prevalence remained stable from 2007 (20.7%) to 2018 (22.2%) in the overall population of smokers (p = 0.197), and within sex and race group of smokers. In the adjusted model, there was a significant decline in CPD over time, 0.12 cigarettes per year. There was also a significant decrease in TTFC among males over time. Among women, CPD declined significantly by 0.32 cigarettes per year. The proportion of Asians/Indians planning to quit also decreased over time. South African smokers do not consistently show significant change in the softening indicators overall. Stronger tobacco control policies and better-tailored smoking cessation interventions are needed to achieve a significant decrease in smoking prevalence across sex and other subpopulations in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O. Egbe
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Margarete C. Kulik
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, University of California Office of the President, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Mukhethwa Londani
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Senamile P. Ngobese
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf
- Africa Centre for Tobacco Industry Monitoring and Policy Research, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Health System and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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16
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El-Sherbiny NA, Elsary AY. Smoking and nicotine dependence in relation to depression, anxiety, and stress in Egyptian adults: A cross-sectional study. J Family Community Med 2022; 29:8-16. [PMID: 35197723 PMCID: PMC8802724 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_290_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much research has found that smoking is one of the major risk factors for a variety of physical diseases and mental disorders; however, few studies have been conducted on smoking in Egypt. Furthermore, to the researcher's best knowledge, no study in Egypt has compiled data on smoking prevalence, motives, and levels of nicotine dependency. In order to fill in this gap, the current study has attempted to summarize the situation and construct an accurate picture of smoking in Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 2000 Egyptian adults in Fayoum through a multistage cluster sampling technique. For data collection, the Socioeconomic Status Scale was deployed. In addition, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were used. Data analysis performed using SPSS version 22.0. For qualitative data, Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance. Bivariate Pearson correlation was used to test for the association between quantitative variables. RESULTS Of the total sample of 2000 adults, 40.4% had anxiety and 24.3% had stress, and 19.5% showed severe to extremely severe level of depression. For MRSS, tension reduction or relaxation was found in 46.5% adults while 9.8% had high level of nicotine dependence. There was a statistically significant association between psychometric disorders, on one hand, and both smoking motivation and nicotine dependence, on the other (P < 0.001). The DASS score had a statistically significant correlation with age, smoking duration, nicotine dependence level, and MRSS subscales. CONCLUSION Smoking is linked to psychological symptoms and shows a moderate to high level of nicotine dependence, with a higher level of dependency, smoking pleasure, stress reduction/ relaxation, and hand-mouth movement as motives for smoking. Furthermore, there was a correlation between nicotine dependence, on one hand, and depression and stress on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Y. Elsary
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt,Address for correspondence: Prof. Asmaa Y. Elsary, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt. E-mail:
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17
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Weinberger AH, Dierker L, Zhu J, Levin J, Goodwin RD. Cigarette dependence is more prevalent and increasing among US adolescents and adults who use cannabis, 2002-2019. Tob Control 2021:tobaccocontrol-2021-056723. [PMID: 34815363 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cannabis use is increasing among cigarette smokers. If cannabis use is associated with cigarette dependence, a barrier to smoking cessation, this could have public health implications for tobacco control. The current study estimated the prevalence of cigarette dependence among US individuals who smoke cigarettes by cannabis use status, and investigated trends in cigarette dependence from 2002 to 2019 among cigarette smokers by cannabis use status and cigarette consumption (ie, cigarettes per day, CPD). METHODS Data were drawn from the 2002-2019 annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health and included US individuals aged 12+ years who used cigarettes at least once in the past month (n=231 572). Logistic regression was used to estimate the prevalence of cigarette dependence, measured as time to first cigarette <30 min, by past-month cannabis use (no use, non-daily use, daily use), and to estimate trends in cigarette dependence from 2002 to 2019 overall and stratified by cannabis use and smoking level (light, 1-5 CPD; moderate, 6-15 CPD; heavy, 16+ CPD). RESULTS Across all levels of cigarette use, cigarette dependence was significantly more common among individuals with daily cannabis use compared with those with non-daily or no cannabis use. From 2002 to 2019, cigarette dependence increased among cigarette smokers with non-daily cannabis use, and among light and moderate cigarette smokers with no cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS US individuals who use both cigarettes and cannabis report a higher prevalence of cigarette dependence relative to individuals who use cigarettes and do not use cannabis at virtually all levels of cigarette consumption. Further, cigarette dependence is increasing in the USA both among those who use and do not use cannabis. Given the increase in cannabis use among those using cigarettes, efforts to elucidate the nature of the association between cannabis and cigarette dependence are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA.,Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Dierker
- Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacob Levin
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA .,Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Berube L, Duffy VB, Hayes JE, Hoffman HJ, Rawal S. Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013-2014 national health and nutrition examination survey. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113554. [PMID: 34375623 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We identified associations between cigarette-smoking and taste function in the U.S. NHANES 2013-2014. Adults ≥ 40 years (n = 2849, nearly half former or current smokers) rated whole-mouth and tongue-tip bitter (1 mM quinine) and salt (1 M NaCl, 0.32 M NaCl) intensities and reported smoking history (pack years, PY), dependence (time to first cigarette, TTFC) and menthol/non-menthol use. Perceived intensity on the tongue-tip averaged just below moderate for quinine and moderate to strong for 1 M NaCl. Current chronic smokers (≥ 20 PY) reported lower bitter and salty intensities on the tongue-tip (β: -2.0, 95% CI: -3.7 to -0.4 and β: -3.6, 95% CI: -6.9 to -0.3, respectively) than never smokers. Similarly, compared to never smokers, dependent current smokers (TTFC ≤ 30 min) and dependent chronic smokers (≥ 20 PY, TTFC ≤ 30 min) rated less bitter (β: -2.0, 95% CI: -4.0 to 0.1 and β: -2.9, 95% CI: -4.5 to -1.3, respectively) and salty (β: -5.3, 95% CI: -9.3 to -1.4 and β: -4.7, 95% CI: -8.6 to -0.7, respectively) intensities on the tongue-tip. Depressed tongue-tip intensity in dependent smokers (with/without chronicity) versus never smokers was significant in younger (40-65 years), but not older (> 65 years) adults. Former smokers, non-chronic/less dependent smokers, and menthol smokers were more likely to report elevated whole-mouth quinine and 1 M NaCl intensities. Tongue-tip and whole-mouth taste intensity concordance varied between smokers and never smokers-current dependent smokers were more likely to rate tongue-tip quinine and NaCl lower than their respective whole-mouth tastants (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.1 and OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.8, respectively). In summary, these U.S. nationally-representative data show that current smoking with chronicity and/or dependence associates with lower tongue-tip intensity for bitter and salty stimuli. Smokers with greater exposure to nicotine and/or dependence showed greater risk of taste alterations, with implications for diet- and smoking-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Berube
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, 65 Bergen St., Newark, NJ 07107-1709, United States
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - John E Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 220 Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 220 Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Howard J Hoffman
- Epidemiology and Statistics Program, Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, (NIH), 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Shristi Rawal
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, 65 Bergen St., Newark, NJ 07107-1709, United States.
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19
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Wang C, Jiang H, Zhu Y, Guo Y, Gan Y, Tian Q, Lou Y, Cao S, Lu Z. Association of the Time to First Cigarette and the Prevalence of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Chinese Elderly Population. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:415-422. [PMID: 33746147 PMCID: PMC9359902 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing number of studies has suggested the time to first cigarette after waking (TTFC) have significant positive effect on respiratory diseases. However, few of them are focused on Chinese population. This study aims to estimate the impact of TTFC on the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) in Chinese elderly and explore the association in different sub-populations. METHODS Cross-sectional data of demographic characteristics, living environment, smoking-related variables, and CRD were drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of the TTFC with the prevalence of CRD. RESULTS This study includes 13208 subjects aged 52 years and older, with a mean age of 85.3 years. Of them, 3779 participants are ex- or current smokers (44.9% had the TTFC ≤30 minutes, 55.1% >30 minutes) and 1503 have suffered from CRD. Compared with non-smokers, participants with TTFC ≤30 minutes seemed to have higher prevalence of CRD (OR 1.97; 95% CI, 1.65-2.35) than those with TTFC >30 minutes (OR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.44-2.00), although the difference was statistically insignificant (Pinteraction=0.12). Compared with TTFC >30 minutes, TTFC ≤30 minutes could drive a higher prevalence of CRD among female participants, those aged 90 years and older, urban residents, and those ex-smokers (Pinteraction<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Shorter TTFC relates to higher prevalences of CRD in Chinese older females, those aged 90 years and older, urban residents, and ex-smokers. Delaying TTFC might particially reduce its detrimental impact on respiratory disease in these specific subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University.,Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yingying Guo
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Qingfeng Tian
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
| | - Yiling Lou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Shiyi Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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20
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Choi J, Jung HT, Ferrell A, Woo S, Haddad L. Machine Learning-Based Nicotine Addiction Prediction Models for Youth E-Cigarette and Waterpipe (Hookah) Users. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050972. [PMID: 33801175 PMCID: PMC7957622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the harmful effect on health, e-cigarette and hookah smoking in youth in the U.S. has increased. Developing tailored e-cigarette and hookah cessation programs for youth is imperative. The aim of this study was to identify predictor variables such as social, mental, and environmental determinants that cause nicotine addiction in youth e-cigarette or hookah users and build nicotine addiction prediction models using machine learning algorithms. A total of 6511 participants were identified as ever having used e-cigarettes or hookah from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2019) datasets. Prediction models were built by Random Forest with ReliefF and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). ReliefF identified important predictor variables, and the Davies–Bouldin clustering evaluation index selected the optimal number of predictors for Random Forest. A total of 193 predictor variables were included in the final analysis. Performance of prediction models was measured by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Confusion Matrix. The results suggested high performance of prediction. Identified predictor variables were aligned with previous research. The noble predictors found, such as ‘witnessed e-cigarette use in their household’ and ‘perception of their tobacco use’, could be used in public awareness or targeted e-cigarette and hookah youth education and for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyae Choi
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; (A.F.); (S.W.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-910-962-2487
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA;
| | - Anastasiya Ferrell
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; (A.F.); (S.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Seoyoon Woo
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; (A.F.); (S.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Linda Haddad
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA; (A.F.); (S.W.); (L.H.)
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21
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Ashe ML, Wilson SJ. Very Light Daily Smoking in Young Adults: Relationships Between Nicotine Dependence and Lapse. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:327-333. [PMID: 32877533 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very light daily smoking is increasingly common among young adults. Evidence suggests that levels of nicotine dependence vary significantly among young adults who engage in very light daily smoking. However, the links between dependence and clinically relevant outcomes (eg, lapse) in this population remain unclear. The goal of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how well different nicotine dependence scales predict lapse behavior among very light daily smoking young adults. AIMS AND METHODS Very light daily smokers (1-5 cigarettes/day) aged 18-25 participated in an initial laboratory session, during which nicotine dependence was assessed using four commonly used measures: the Fagerstrӧm Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD), the Hooked On Nicotine Checklist (HONC), the Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Centers (TTURC) Nicotine Dependence Inventory, and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). After a baseline period, eligible participants (n = 40) completed a 10-day abstinence incentive period in which they attempted to refrain from smoking to earn monetary rewards. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test whether dependence predicted days to first lapse. RESULTS FTCD scores significantly predicted days to lapse, as did scores on the FTCD item assessing time to first cigarette of the day (TTFC). No other dependence measures predicted time to lapse. Both the FTCD and TTFC continued to independently predict time to lapse after controlling for smoking frequency and duration. CONCLUSIONS The FTCD may be a particularly useful tool for capturing clinically meaningful variability in nicotine dependence among young adults who engage in very light daily smoking. IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to directly link self-reported nicotine dependence with the ability to achieve and maintain abstinence among very light daily smoking young adults. The results may aid clinicians in selecting among variable measures of nicotine dependence when assessing and treating this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda L Ashe
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA
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22
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Bainter T, Selya AS, Oancea SC. A key indicator of nicotine dependence is associated with greater depression symptoms, after accounting for smoking behavior. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233656. [PMID: 32442211 PMCID: PMC7244154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a global burden that is exacerbated by smoking. The association between depression and chronic smoking is well-known; however, existing findings contain possible confounding between nicotine dependence (ND), a latent construct measuring addiction, and objective smoking behavior. The current study examines the possible unique role of ND in explaining depression, independently of smoking behavior. METHODS A nationally-representative sample of current adult daily smokers was drawn by pooling three independent, cross-sectional, biennial waves (spanning 2011-16) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The association between ND (operationally defined as time to first cigarette (TTFC) after waking) and the amount of depression symptoms was examined after adjusting for both current and lifetime smoking behaviors (cigarettes per day and years of smoking duration) and sociodemographic factors (gender, age, race, education and income to poverty ratio). RESULTS Earlier TTFC was associated with more depression symptoms, such that those smoking within 5 minutes of waking had an approximately 1.6-fold higher depression score (PRR = 1.576, 95% CI = 1.324-1.687) relative to those who smoke more than 1 hour after waking. This relationship remained significant after adjusting for current and lifetime smoking behavior as well as sociodemographic factors (PRR = 1.370, 95% CI = 1.113, 1.687). CONCLUSIONS The latent construct of ND, as assessed by TTFC, may be associated with an additional risk for depression symptoms, beyond that conveyed by smoking behavior alone. This finding can be used for more refined risk prediction for depression among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bainter
- Department of Population Health, Master of Public Health Program, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Arielle S. Selya
- Department of Population Health, Master of Public Health Program, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
- Behavioral Sciences Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - S. Cristina Oancea
- Department of Population Health, Master of Public Health Program, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
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