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Desai SB, Ahdoot R, Malik F, Obert M, Hanna R. New guidelines and therapeutic updates for the management of lupus nephritis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:344-353. [PMID: 38334499 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be a devastating condition, striking young patients often in their prime reproductive years. Lupus nephritis is a common and serious complication occurring in roughly 50% of SLE cases, indicating a high likelihood of disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. As the early trials of steroid therapy, and later cyclophosphamide (CYC), therapeutic changes had been stagnant. Then came the introduction of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the 2000s. After the Aspreva Lupus Management Study, there had been a dearth of trials showing positive therapy results. Since 2020, new studies have emerged for lupus nephritis involving the use of anti-BLYS agents, novel calcineurin inhibitors, CD20 blockade, and antiinterferon agents. Nephrology and rheumatology society guidelines in the United States and across the world are still catching up. RECENT FINDINGS Although therapeutic guidelines are being developed, updates that have come through have focused on improved diagnostic and monitoring guidelines. One theme is the recommendation of increasingly tight proteinuria control and firmer guidelines for the rapid induction of remission. The reality of multitarget therapy and the expectation of rapid induction for a more complete remission are being widely recognized. SUMMARY The need for more complete and more rapid induction and control of lupus nephritis is undisputed according to the evidence and guidelines, and the medications to achieve this are growing at a rate not seen over the prior two decades. What remains is a stepwise approach to recognize how to best optimize therapy. Based on available evidence, an algorithm for induction and maintenance treatment of lupus nephritis used by the University of California Irvine Lupus Nephritis clinic, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Ahdoot
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Fatima Malik
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | | | - Ramy Hanna
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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Morel L, Scindia Y. Functional consequence of Iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110181. [PMID: 38458303 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its renal manifestation Lupus nephritis (LN) are characterized by a dysregulated immune system, autoantibodies, and injury to the renal parenchyma. Iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the immune effectors and renal tubules are recently identified pathological features in SLE and LN. Ferroptosis is an iron dependent non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death and ferroptosis inhibitors have improved disease outcomes in murine models of SLE, identifying it as a novel druggable target. In this review, we discuss novel mechanisms by which iron accumulation and ferroptosis perpetuate immune cell mediated pathology in SLE/LN. We highlight intra-renal dysregulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis as an underlying pathogenic mechanism of renal tubular injury. The basic concepts of iron biology and ferroptosis are also discussed to expose the links between iron, cell metabolism and ferroptosis, that identify intracellular pro-ferroptotic enzymes and their protein conjugates as potential targets to improve SLE/LN outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Nossent JC, Keen HI, Preen DB, Inderjeeth CA. Population-wide long-term study of incidence, renal failure, and mortality rates for lupus nephritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15079. [PMID: 38396352 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given limited regional data, we investigate the state-wide epidemiology, renal and patient outcomes for lupus nephritis (LN) in Western Australia (WA). METHODS Patients hospitalized with incident SLE (≥2 diagnostic codes in the state-wide WA Health Hospital Morbidity Data Collection) in the period 1985-2015 were included (n = 1480). LN was defined by the presence of glomerulonephritis and/or raised serum creatinine. Trends over three study decades for annual incidence rate (AIR)/100.000 population, mortality (MR), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) rates/100 person years were analyzed by least square regression and compared with a matched control group (n = 12 840). RESULTS Clinical evidence of LN developed in 366 SLE patients (25.9%) after a median disease duration of 10 months (IQR 0-101) with renal biopsy performed in 308 (84.2%). The AIR for LN (0.63/100.000) did not change significantly over time (R2 = .11, p = .85), while point prevalence reached 11.9/100.000 in 2015. ESRD developed in 14.1% (n = 54) of LN patients vs. 0.2% in non-LN SLE patients and 0.05% in controls (all p ≤ 0.01). ESRD rates increased over time in LN patients (0.4 to 0.7, R2 = .52, p = .26). The odds ratio for death was 8.81 (CI 3.78-22.9) for LN and 6.62 (CI 2.76-17.9) for non-LN SLE patients compared to controls and MR for LN patients increased over time (1.3 to 2.2, R2 = .84, p = .26). CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of LN in WA remained unchanged over 30 years. A lack of improvement in renal failure and mortality rates illustrates the pressing need for better long-term treatment options and/or strategies in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Nossent
- Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen I Keen
- Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David B Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, University Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Charles A Inderjeeth
- Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Yin C, Xiao W, Hu X, Liu X, Xian H, Su J, Zhang C, Qin X. Non-invasive prediction of the chronic degree of lupus nephropathy based on ultrasound radiomics. Lupus 2024; 33:121-128. [PMID: 38320976 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231223373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Through machine learning (ML) analysis of the radiomics features of ultrasound extracted from patients with lupus nephritis (LN), this attempt was made to non-invasively predict the chronicity index (CI)of LN. METHODS A retrospective collection of 136 patients with LN who had renal biopsy was retrospectively collected, and the patients were randomly divided into training set and validation set according to 7:3. Radiomics features are extracted from ultrasound images, independent factors are obtained by using LASSO dimensionality reduction, and then seven ML models were used to establish predictive models. At the same time, a clinical model and an US model were established. The diagnostic efficacy of the model is evaluated by analysis of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. The performance of the seven machine learning models was compared with each other and with clinical and US models. RESULTS A total of 1314 radiomics features are extracted from ultrasound images, and 5 features are finally screened out by LASSO for model construction, and the average ROC of the seven ML is 0.683, among which the Xgboost model performed the best, and the AUC in the test set is 0.826 (95% CI: 0.681-0.936). For the same test set, the AUC of clinical model constructed based on eGFR is 0.560 (95% CI: 0.357-0.761), and the AUC of US model constructed based on Ultrasound parameters is 0.679 (95% CI: 0.489-0.853). The Xgboost model is significantly more efficient than the clinical and US models. CONCLUSION ML model based on ultrasound radiomics features can accurately predict the chronic degree of LN, which can provide a valuable reference for clinicians in the treatment strategy of LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, China
| | - Weihan Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, China
| | - Xuebin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, China
| | - Huaming Xian
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, China
| | - Chaoxue Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiachuan Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Pandey SP, Bhaskar R, Han SS, Narayanan KB. Autoimmune Responses and Therapeutic Interventions for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comprehensive Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:499-518. [PMID: 37718519 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230915112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Lupus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of multiorgan malfunctioning of extremely heterogeneous and unclear etiology that affects multiple organs and physiological systems. Some racial groups and women of childbearing age are more susceptible to SLE pathogenesis. Impressive progress has been made towards a better understanding of different immune components contributing to SLE pathogenesis. Recent investigations have uncovered the detailed mechanisms of inflammatory responses and organ damage. Various environmental factors, pathogens, and toxicants, including ultraviolet light, drugs, viral pathogens, gut microbiome metabolites, and sex hormones trigger the onset of SLE pathogenesis in genetically susceptible individuals and result in the disruption of immune homeostasis of cytokines, macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Diagnosis and clinical investigations of SLE remain challenging due to its clinical heterogeneity and hitherto only a few approved antimalarials, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available for treatment. However, the adverse effects of renal and neuropsychiatric lupus and late diagnosis make therapy challenging. Additionally, SLE is also linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to inflammatory responses and the risk of infection from immunosuppressive treatment. Due to the diversity of symptoms and treatment-resistant diseases, SLE management remains a challenging issue. Nevertheless, the use of next-generation therapeutics with stem cell and gene therapy may bring better outcomes to SLE treatment in the future. This review highlights the autoimmune responses as well as potential therapeutic interventions for SLE particularly focusing on the recent therapeutic advancements and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Pandey
- Aarogya Institute of Healthcare and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302033, India
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Dong L, Song Z. Cordyceps cicadae ameliorates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis by targeting the PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway in the renal of MRL/lpr mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1168. [PMID: 38270299 PMCID: PMC10808846 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of systemic lupus erythematosus patients develop lupus nephritis (LN) with severe renal manifestations, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The purpose of this research was to investigate Cordyceps cicadae as a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in LN. METHODS The effects of C. cicadae on lupus symptoms in mice with LN were determined. MRL/lpr mice were treated with C. cicadae (4 g/kg/day, i.e., CC group, n = 8) or an equal volume of saline (model group, n = 8), and MRL/MP mice were treated with an equal volume of saline (control group, n = 8). Renal function indices, renal pathology, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, and renal interstitial fibrosis levels were evaluated after C. cicadae treatment. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effect of C. cicadae on the expression of fibrosis biomarkers and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated autophagy pathway in the renal tissues of mice. RESULTS C. cicadae ameliorated renal lesions, the inflammatory response, and oxidative stress damage in MRL/lpr mice. C. cicadae treatment inhibited renal fibrosis (16.31 ± 4.16 vs. 31.25 ± 5.61) and downregulated the expression of the fibrosis biomarkers alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen I (COL I) in the kidneys of MRL/lpr mice. In addition, further research showed that the PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway was involved in C. cicadae-mediated effects on renal fibrosis in MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of C. cicadae on repairing renal fibrosis and damage in MRL/lpr mice was abolished by the PI3K agonist 740 Y-P. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present research showed that C. cicadae could alleviate inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the renal tissues of mice with LN by targeting the PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
| | - Zhichao Song
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
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Zhang Z, Song W, Yan R. Gbp3 is associated with the progression of lupus nephritis by regulating cell proliferation, inflammation and pyroptosis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2250095. [PMID: 37621179 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2250095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We aimed to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LN and confirm the regulatory mechanism on LN. The mouse model of LN was constructed by subcutaneous injection of pristane. RNA-seq screened 392 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated DEGs in LN mouse model, and KEGG analysis found that the top 20 DEGs were enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, etc. The hub genes, Kynu, Spidr, Gbp3, Cbr1, Cyp4b1, and Cndp2 were identified, in which Gbp3 was selected for following study. Afterwards, the function of Gbp3 on the proliferation, inflammation, and pyroptosis of LN was verified by CCK-8, ELISA, and WB in vitro. The results demonstrated that si-Gbp3 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8) and pyroptosis-related proteins (GSDMD, Caspase-1 and NLRP3) in a cell model of LN. In constrast, Gbp3 overexpression played an opposite role. In summary, Gbp3 promoted the progression of LN via inhibiting cell proliferation and facilitating inflammation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Run Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
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Li Y, Chen J, Xie M, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang R. Identification of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network to explore the effects of circRNAs on renal injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2193361. [PMID: 36967607 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2193361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. At present, the mechanism of non-coding RNA in renal injury in SLE patients is still unclear. A total of 64 DEcircRNAs, 75 DEmiRNAs, and 249 DEmRNAs were identified. We integrated 10 circRNAs, 10 miRNAs, and 88 target mRNAs into a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and obtained 9 hub genes (circ-0000006, miR-766-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-339-3p, miR-331-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-186-5p, miR-149-5p, PSME3). The ROC curve results showed that the diagnostic efficiency of 6 hub miRNA was higher than that of has_circ_0000006 and PSEME3. SsGSEA analysis revealed immune cell composition in SLE and control renal tissues, including 3 types of immune cells up-regulated (gamma delta T cell, effector memory CD4 T cell, central memory CD8 T cell) and 4 types down-regulated (memory B cell, mast cell, macrophage, immature dendritic cell, eosinophil) in SLE patients. In addition, PSME3 was negatively correlated with 3 up-regulated immune cells and positively correlated with 4 down-regulated immune cells in SLE patients. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the circRNA-related competing endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism in the renal injury of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yihui Cao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease prevention and Control, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruixian Zhang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province/The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Cui W, Tian Y, Huang G, Zhang X, Li F, Liu X. Clinical research progress of novel biologics for the treatment of lupus nephritis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4153-4162. [PMID: 37481481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of immune tolerance. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common manifestations of severe organ damage in SLE, and also an important cause of disability and death. Its pathogenesis is associated with immune abnormalities such as immune cells, cytokines, and immune complex deposition. Traditional immunosuppressive therapy has been unable to meet the treatment needs of patients while bringing them toxic effects. In recent years, targeted therapies have emerged, and several novel biologics have gradually entered people's sight. This review will briefly introduce the pathogenesis of LN and the mechanism of biological targets, and summarize and analyze the clinical trials of new biologics for treating LN. Although not all biologics show positive results in clinical trials, the experience learned from these trials can help researchers adjust and plan future trial programs to seek better treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Cui
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangliang Huang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Feigao Li
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiuju Liu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China.
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Li X, Tao S, Xu Z, Ren Y, Xiang W, He X. SMURF1 activates the cGAS/STING/IFN-1 signal axis by mediating YY1 ubiquitination to accelerate the progression of lupus nephritis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2281235. [PMID: 37994046 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2281235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in podocytes play an important role in lupus nephritis (LN) progression, but its mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the role of SMURF1 in regulating podocytes apoptosis and ERS during LN progression were investigated. MRL/lpr mice was used as LN model in vivo. HE staining was performed to analyze histopathological changes. Mouse podocytes (MPC5 cells) were treated with serum IgG from LN patients (LN-IgG) to construct LN model in vitro. CCK8 assay was adopted to determine the viability. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The interactions between SMURF1, YY1 and cGAS were analyzed using ChIP and/or dual-luciferase reporter gene and/or Co-IP assays. YY1 ubiquitination was analyzed by ubiquitination analysis. Our results found that SMURF1, cGAS and STING mRNA levels were markedly increased in serum samples of LN patients, while YY1 was downregulated. YY1 upregulation reduced LN-IgG-induced ERS and apoptosis in podocytes. Moreover, SMURF1 upregulation reduced YY1 protein stability and expression by ubiquitinating YY1 in podocytes. Rescue studies revealed that YY1 knockdown abrogated the inhibition of SMURF1 downregulation on LN-IgG-induced ERS and apoptosis in podocytes. It was also turned out that YY1 alleviated podocytes injury in LN by transcriptional inhibition cGAS/STING/IFN-1 signal axis. Finally, SMURF1 knockdown inhibited LN progression in vivo. In short, SMURF1 upregulation activated the cGAS/STING/IFN-1 signal axis by regulating YY1 ubiquitination to facilitate apoptosis in podocytes during LN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sisi Tao
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiquan Xu
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Immunology Department, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Jin M, Teng F, Cao B, Sun Q, Li D. Integrative analysis of the association between circadian rhythm and lupus nephritis. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1489-1499. [PMID: 37664569 PMCID: PMC10469101 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune nephropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Circadian rhythms are involved in the development of several diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases, but their relationship with LN is unclear. Methods This was an integrative bioinformatics study. The expression profile from glomeruli, tubular interstitium and renal whole tissue samples was used to assess the expression levels and relevance of circadian rhythm-related genes. To screen for circadian rhythm-related signatures, we employed the LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms. A consensus clustering algorithm was used to classify LN patients into two circadian rhythm patterns (cluster A and cluster B). We made immune cell infiltration analysis. We used the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm to identify cluster-specific differentially expressed genes. Nephroseq data were used to observe the relationship between genes and renal function. Results We found more significant differences in circadian rhythm-related gene expression in LN glomeruli compared with tubulointerstitial and whole-kidney tissues. We established a circadian rhythm-related signature consisting of eight genes that can easily distinguish LN from healthy individuals. Patients in cluster A were associated with B-cell-dominated immunity, whereas patients in cluster B were associated with T-cell-dominated immunity. As most of the patients with proliferative LN combined with membranous LN belonged to cluster B, patients in cluster B may have more severe renal pathology compared with patients in cluster A. Fifteen circadian rhythm-related genes associated with LN and LN typing were screened using the WGCNA algorithm, with COL1A2 and DOCK2 associated with renal prognosis. Conclusions This study found that circadian rhythms are associated with the occurrence of LN, providing new ideas for the development of new LN treatment options from the perspective of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoping Cao
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianmei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Diangeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Beijing-Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jayne D, Rovin B, Mysler E, Furie R, Houssiau F, Trasieva T, Knagenhjelm J, Schwetje E, Tang W, Tummala R, Lindholm C. Anifrolumab in lupus nephritis: results from second-year extension of a randomised phase II trial. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:e000910. [PMID: 37607780 PMCID: PMC10445374 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the safety and efficacy of anifrolumab in active lupus nephritis (LN) through year 2 of the phase II randomised, double-blind Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway (TULIP)-LN trial (NCT02547922) of 2 anifrolumab dosing regimens versus placebo. METHODS Patients received intravenous anifrolumab 900 mg for the first 3 doses followed by 300 mg anifrolumab (intensified regimen (IR)), 300 mg anifrolumab (basic regimen (BR)) or placebo every 4 weeks throughout. To continue into Year 2, patients must have achieved at least partial renal response and a glucocorticoid tapering target. RESULTS Of 147 randomised patients, 101 completed Year 1 study treatment; of these, 75 (74%) continued into Year 2 (anifrolumab IR: n=29, BR: n=23 and placebo: n=23). During Year 2, 72% of patients reported ≥1 adverse event (AE); serious AEs were reported in 6.9%, 8.7% and 8.7% of patients (anifrolumab IR, BR and placebo, respectively); 3 patients discontinued treatment due to an AE (anifrolumab IR: n=2 and placebo: n=1) and herpes zoster was reported in 2 patients (anifrolumab IR: n=1 and BR: n=1). The study was ongoing at the start of the pandemic, but no COVID-19 cases were reported. Of the 145 patients receiving treatment, more patients on the IR attained complete renal response at Week 104 compared with those on BR or placebo (27.3% vs 18.6% and 17.8%) and simultaneously achieved sustained glucocorticoid tapering (IR: 25.0%; BR: 18.6% and placebo: 17.8%). The improvements in estimated glomerular filtration rate were numerically larger in both anifrolumab groups versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS The safety and tolerability profile through Year 2 of TULIP-LN was generally consistent with Year 1, with promising efficacy results for the anifrolumab IR regimen. Collectively, the results support further investigation of an anifrolumab intensified dosing regimen in larger populations of patients with active proliferative LN. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02547922.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brad Rovin
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eduardo Mysler
- Rheumatology, Organizacion Medica de Investigacion SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Richard Furie
- Division of Rheumatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Frédéric Houssiau
- Rheumatology Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Universite catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Erik Schwetje
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Weifeng Tang
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Tummala
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Wang X, Fu S, Yu J, Ma F, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang L, Tan Y, Yi H, Wu H, Xu Z. Renal interferon-inducible protein 16 expression is associated with disease activity and prognosis in lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:112. [PMID: 37393341 PMCID: PMC10314472 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the current management of LN remains unsatisfactory due to sneaky symptoms during early stages and lack of reliable predictors of disease progression. METHODS Bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms were initially used to explore the potential biomarkers for LN development. Identified biomarker expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) in 104 LN patients, 12 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients, 12 minimal change disease (MCD) patients, 12 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients and 14 normal controls (NC). The association of biomarker expression with clinicopathologic indices and prognosis was analyzed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were utilized to explore potential mechanisms. RESULTS Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) was identified as a potential biomarker for LN. IFI16 was highly expressed in the kidneys of LN patients compared to those with MCD, DKD, IgAN or NC. IFI16 co-localized with certain renal and inflammatory cells. Glomerular IFI16 expression was correlated with pathological activity indices of LN, while tubulointerstitial IFI16 expression was correlated with pathological chronicity indices. Renal IFI16 expression was positively associated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) and serum creatinine while negatively related to baseline eGFR and serum complement C3. Additionally, higher IFI16 expression was closely related to poorer prognosis of LN patients. GSEA and GSVA suggested that IFI16 expression was involved in adaptive immune-related processes of LN. CONCLUSION Renal IFI16 expression is a potential biomarker for disease activity and clinical prognosis in LN patients. Renal IFI16 levels may be used to shed light on predicting the renal response and develop precise therapy for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaojie Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Yu
- Department of Renal Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Tao S, Tan X, Chai W, Peng X, Zheng W, Fu R, Deng M. Knockdown of KLF5 ameliorates renal fibrosis in MRL/lpr mice via inhibition of MX1 transcription. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e937. [PMID: 37506140 PMCID: PMC10373570 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the role of Kruppel-like factor (KLF5) and myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) in the progression of renal fibrosis in lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS First, the expression of KLF5 and MX1 was assessed in the peripheral blood of LN patients and healthy participants. Next, the pathological changes in renal tissues were evaluated and compared in BALB/c and MRL/lpr mice, by detecting the expression of fibrosis marker proteins (transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] and CTGF) and α-SMA, the content of urine protein, and the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum double-stranded DNA antibody. In TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells, the messenger RNA levels of KLF5 and MX1 were tested by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression of α-SMA, type I collagen (Col I), fibronectin (FN), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was measured by western blot analysis. Moreover, the relationship between KLF5 and MX1 was predicted and verified. RESULTS In renal tissues of MRL/lpr mice and the peripheral blood of LN patients, KLF5 and MX1 were highly expressed. Pearson analysis revealed that KLF5 was positively correlated with MX1. Furthermore, KLF5 bound to MX1 promoter and promoted its transcription level. MRL/lpr mice showed substantial renal injury, accompanied by increased expression of α-SMA, TGF-β, CTGF, Col I, FN, and MMP9. Injection of sh-KLF5 or sh-MX1 alone in MRL/lpr mice reduced renal fibrosis in LN, while simultaneous injection of sh-KLF5 and ad-MX1 exacerbated renal injury and fibrosis. Furthermore, we obtained the same results in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION Knockdown of KLF5 alleviated renal fibrosis in LN through repressing the transcription of MX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen Chai
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meihui Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Chen KJ, Zhang J, LaSala D, Basso J, Chun D, Zhou Y, McDonald PP, Perkins WR, Cipolla DC. Brensocatib, an oral, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 1, mitigates interferon-α-accelerated lupus nephritis in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185727. [PMID: 37441081 PMCID: PMC10333524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been implicated in initiating and perpetuating systemic lupus erythematosus and the resultant kidney damage in lupus nephritis (LN) patients, in part through an excessive release of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). NSP zymogens are activated by dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1) during neutrophil maturation and released by mature neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli. Thus, a potential strategy to attenuate disease progression in LN would be to inhibit DPP1. We tested whether brensocatib, a highly selective and reversible DPP1 inhibitor, could mitigate LN progression in an interferon-alpha (IFNα)-accelerated NZB/W F1 mouse model. To confirm brensocatib's pharmacodynamic effect on NSPs in this mouse strain, repeated dose studies were conducted for 7 and 14 days in naïve NZB/W F1 mice via oral gavage twice a day. Brensocatib at 2 and 20 mg/kg/day achieved a significant reduction in bone marrow NSP activities after 7 days of daily administration. To initiate LN disease progression, the mice were injected with an IFNα-expressing adenovirus. After 2 weeks, three brensocatib doses (or vehicle) were administered for 6 more weeks. Throughout the 8-week study, brensocatib treatment (20 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the occurrence of severe proteinuria compared to the vehicle control. Brensocatib treatment also entailed a significant reduction in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, indicating decreased kidney damage, as well as a significant reduction in blood urea nitrogen level, suggesting improved renal function. Based on kidney histopathology analysis, brensocatib treatment significantly lowered both the renal tubular protein score and the nephropathy score compared to the vehicle group. A trend towards reduced glomerulonephritis score with brensocatib treatment was also observed. Lastly, brensocatib significantly reduced LN mouse kidney infiltration by various inflammatory cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that brensocatib alters disease progression in LN mice and warrant further evaluation of DPP1 inhibition in LN.
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Watanabe H, Kubo M, Taniguchi A, Asano Y, Hiramatsu-Asano S, Ohashi K, Zeggar S, Katsuyama E, Katsuyama T, Sunahori-Watanabe K, Sada KE, Matsumoto Y, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Son M, Wada J. Amelioration of nephritis in receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE)-deficient lupus-prone mice through neutrophil extracellular traps. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109317. [PMID: 37015317 PMCID: PMC10234279 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor that regulates inflammation, cell migration, and cell fate. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multiorgan autoimmune disease. To understand the function of RAGE in SLE, we generated RAGE-deficient (Ager-/-) lupus-prone mice by backcrossing MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J (MRL-lpr) mice with Ager-/- C57BL/6 mice. In 18-week-old Ager-/- MRL-lpr, the weights of the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as the frequency of CD3+CD4-CD8- cells, were significantly decreased. Ager-/- MRL-lpr mice had significantly reduced urine albumin/creatinine ratios and markedly improved renal pathological scores. Moreover, neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in the glomerulus were significantly reduced in Ager-/- MRL-lpr. Our study is the first to reveal that RAGE can have a pathologic role in immune cells, particularly neutrophils and T cells, in inflammatory tissues and suggests that the inhibition of RAGE may be a potential therapeutic strategy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Asano
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sumie Hiramatsu-Asano
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiji Ohashi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sonia Zeggar
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eri Katsuyama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsue Sunahori-Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ei Sada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan; Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Myoungsun Son
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Reduced Renal CSE/CBS/H2S Contributes to the Progress of Lupus Nephritis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020318. [PMID: 36829595 PMCID: PMC9953544 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis are not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in many pathological and physiological processes. We sought to investigate the roles of H2S in LN pathogenesis. H2S synthase cystathionine-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-synthetase (CBS) expression was downregulated in renal tissues of patients with LN and their levels were associated with LN's prognosis using the Nephroseq database. Reduced CSE and CBS protein expression in kidney tissues of LN patients and MRL/lpr mice were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CSE and CBS mRNA levels were reduced in MRL/lpr and pristine- and R848-induced lupus mice. Given that H2S exerts an anti-inflammatory role partly via regulating inflammatory transcription factors (TFs), we analyzed hub TFs by using a bioinformatics approach. It showed that STAT1, RELA, and T-cell-related signaling pathways were enriched in LN. Increased STAT1 and RELA expression were confirmed in renal tissues of LN patients. Treatment of MRL/lpr and pristine mice with H2S donors alleviated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) phenotypes and renal injury. H2S donors inhibited RELA level and T-cell infiltration in the kidneys of MRL/lpr and pristine mice. Our data indicated that CSE/CBS/H2S contributes to LN pathogenesis. Supplementation of H2S would be a potential therapeutic strategy for LN.
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Zhang W, Liang G, Zhou H, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Xu X, Lai K. Identification of potential biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus by integrated analysis of gene expression and methylation data. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1423-1433. [PMID: 36595110 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous and chronic autoimmune disease. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs during various processes of SLE development regulating the mRNA expression of interrelated genes. This study aims to screen potential DNA methylation markers for SLE. METHODS Gene expression and methylation datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SLE patients and healthy controls were screened using the limma R package, and differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) were identified using dmpfinder and bumphunter (minfi). Additionally, the DNA methylation markers to distinguish SLE patients from healthy controls were explored through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analyses. Finally, we validated the results of the bioinformatic analysis by pyrosequencing. RESULTS In total, 91 DEGs, 90,092 DMPs, 15 DMRs, and 13 DMR-associated genes were identified. Through the integrative analysis of DEG- and DMR-associated genes, we identified five type I interferon (IFN)-related genes as key epigenetic-driven genes in SLE. GO enrichment analysis showed that the five SLE-associated epigenetic-driven genes were mainly enriched in the type I IFN signaling pathway involved in immune response and defense response to virus. Moreover, we identified two SLE-specific DNA methylation markers, three SLE without lupus nephritis (SLE-LN-)-specific DNA methylation markers, and two SLE with lupus nephritis (SLE-LN+)-specific DNA methylation markers by stepwise logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates potential DNA methylation markers of SLE, SLE-LN-, and SLE-LN+, which may help the diagnosis, boost the development of new epigenetic therapy, and contribute to individualized treatment. Key Points • This study identified five type I IFN-related genes as key epigenetic-driven genes in SLE, which support the importance of the type I IFN pathway in the pathogenesis of SLE • We identified novel DNA methylation biomarkers in SLE, SLE-LN-, and SLE-LN+ by a comprehensive analysis of bioinformatics methods and executed experimental validation, and binary logistic regression analysis showed that they have excellent potential • These results may provide new insights into the biological mechanisms of SLE, and identify reliable biomarkers for SLE, SLE-LN-, and SLE-LN+, which may contribute to diagnosis and individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guixin Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huifeng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuedan Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Kuan Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, No. 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Shi D, Li Y, Shi X, Yao M, Wu D, Zheng Y, Lin Q, Yang Y. Transcriptional expression of CXCL10 and STAT1 in lupus nephritis and the intervention effect of triptolide. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:539-548. [PMID: 36374433 PMCID: PMC9873713 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study screened out the key genes associated with the occurrence and development of lupus nephritis (LN) using bioinformatics methods, and then explored the expression of key genes in LN and the inhibitory effect of triptolide. METHODS The GEO2R online tool in the GEO database was used to perform differential analysis of gene expression in LN tissues and normal kidney tissues. The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), STRING, and Cytoscape software were used to build a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) to screen out the Hub gene. Mouse glomerular mesangial cells (MMC) were randomly divided into a control group, an interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation group, and a triptolide intervention group. The relative expression of CXCL10 mRNA in each group was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). CXCL10 secretion was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot was used to detect the expression of the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway-related proteins STAT1 and p-STAT1 in each group. RESULTS Bioinformatics showed that there were 22 DEGs expression differences in the GEO database. The GO enrichment analysis showed that biological process (BP) such as the type I interferon signaling pathway, innate immune response, IFN-γ-mediated signaling pathway, virus defense response, and immune response were significantly regulated by DEGs. Through the combination of String database analysis and cytoscape software, it was found that STAT1 and CXCL10 are closely related to LN. Experimental results showed that IFN-γ induces the expression of CXCL10 mRNA and protein by activating the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, while triptolide inhibits the expression of CXCL10 mRNA and protein by inhibiting the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION STAT1 and CXCL10 are the key genes in the occurrence and development of LN. IFN-γ induces the expression of CXCL10 by activating the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, while triptolide inhibits the expression of CXCL10 by blocking the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway and CXCL10 expression is expected to become a potential target for the treatment of LN. Key Points • Bioinformatics showed that there were 22 DEGs expression differences in the GEO database. • Through the combination of String database analysis and Cytoscape software, it was found that STAT1 and CXCL10 are closely related to LN. • Experimental results showed that IFN-γ induces the expression of CXCL10 mRNA and protein by activating the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, while triptolide inhibits the expression of CXCL10 mRNA and protein by inhibiting the JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Shi
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meihong Yao
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Zeng L, Yang K, Zhang T, Zhu X, Hao W, Chen H, Ge J. Research progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory disease: A review. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102919. [PMID: 36242821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity refers to the phenomenon that the body's immune system produces antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes to its own tissues to cause an immune response. Immune disorders caused by autoimmunity can mediate autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases have complicated pathogenesis due to the many types of cells involved, and the mechanism is still unclear. The emergence of single-cell research technology can solve the problem that ordinary transcriptome technology cannot be accurate to cell type. It provides unbiased results through independent analysis of cells in tissues and provides more mRNA information for identifying cell subpopulations, which provides a novel approach to study disruption of immune tolerance and disturbance of pro-inflammatory pathways on a cellular basis. It may fundamentally change the understanding of molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and develop targeted drugs. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied in autoimmune diseases, which provides a powerful tool for demonstrating the cellular heterogeneity of tissues involved in various immune inflammations, identifying pathogenic cell populations, and revealing the mechanism of disease occurrence and development. This review describes the principles of scRNA-seq, introduces common sequencing platforms and practical procedures, and focuses on the progress of scRNA-seq in 41 autoimmune diseases, which include 9 systemic autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and 32 organ-specific autoimmune diseases (5 Skin diseases, 3 Nervous system diseases, 4 Eye diseases, 2 Respiratory system diseases, 2 Circulatory system diseases, 6 Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas diseases, 2 Gastrointestinal system diseases, 3 Muscle, Bones and joint diseases, 3 Urinary system diseases, 2 Reproductive system diseases). This review also prospects the molecular mechanism targets of autoimmune diseases from the multi-molecular level and multi-dimensional analysis combined with single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology (such as scRNA-seq, Single cell ATAC-seq and single cell immune group library sequencing), which provides a reference for further exploring the pathogenesis and marker screening of autoimmune diseases and autoimmune inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Tianqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Wensa Hao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
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Stojanowski J, Konieczny A, Rydzyńska K, Kasenberg I, Mikołajczak A, Gołębiowski T, Krajewska M, Kusztal M. Artificial neural network - an effective tool for predicting the lupus nephritis outcome. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:381. [DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lupus nephropathy (LN) occurs in approximately 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 20% of them will eventually progress into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A clinical tool predicting remission of proteinuria might be of utmost importance. In our work, we focused on predicting the chance of complete remission achievement in LN patients, using artificial intelligence models, especially an artificial neural network, called the multi-layer perceptron.
Methods
It was a single centre retrospective study, including 58 individuals, with diagnosed systemic lupus erythematous and biopsy proven lupus nephritis. Patients were assigned into the study cohort, between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020, and eventually randomly allocated either to the training set (N = 46) or testing set (N = 12). The end point was remission achievement. We have selected an array of variables, subsequently reduced to the optimal minimum set, providing the best performance.
Results
We have obtained satisfactory results creating predictive models allowing to assess, with accuracy of 91.67%, a chance of achieving a complete remission, with a high discriminant ability (AUROC 0.9375).
Conclusion
Our solution allows an accurate assessment of complete remission achievement and monitoring of patients from the group with a lower probability of complete remission. The obtained models are scalable and can be improved by introducing new patient records.
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22
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Liu L, Zhang L, Li M. Application of herbal traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981063. [PMID: 36506523 PMCID: PMC9729561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a secondary renal disease caused by systemic lupus erythematosus affecting the kidneys. It is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease and a serious risk factor for early mortality and disability of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Existing LN treatment is mainly based on hormones, cytotoxic drugs, and biological agents. Nevertheless, the prognosis of LN patients remains poor because of frequent recurrence and exacerbation of adverse drug reactions. Hence, LN is still the most important cause of end-stage renal disease. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted increasing attention because of encouraging evidence that it alleviates LN and the well-described mechanisms underlying renal injury. TCM has therapeutic benefits for treating LN patients. This review article elucidates TCM preparations, TCM monomers, and herbal or natural extraction for LN treatment to provide effective supplementary evidence for promoting the development of TCM treatment for LN and reference for future research and clinical practice.
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Yavuz S, Pucholt P, Sandling JK, Bianchi M, Leonard D, Bolin K, Imgenberg-Kreuz J, Eloranta ML, Kozyrev SV, Lanata CM, Jönsen A, Bengtsson AA, Sjöwall C, Svenungsson E, Gunnarsson I, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Nititham J, Criswell LA, Lindblad-Toh K, Rönnblom L. Mer-tyrosine kinase: a novel susceptibility gene for SLE related end-stage renal disease. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:e000752. [PMID: 36332927 PMCID: PMC9639142 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe manifestation of SLE. The genetic risk for nephritis and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with LN remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to identify novel genetic associations with LN, focusing on subphenotypes and ESRD. METHODS We analysed genomic data on 958 patients with SLE (discovery cohort: LN=338) with targeted sequencing data from 1832 immunological pathway genes. We used an independent multiethnic cohort comprising 1226 patients with SLE (LN=603) as a replication dataset. Detailed functional annotation and functional epigenomic enrichment analyses were applied to predict functional effects of the candidate variants. RESULTS A genetic variant (rs56097910) within the MERTK gene was associated with ESRD in both cohorts, meta-analysis OR=5.4 (2.8 to 10.6); p=1.0×10-6. We observed decreased methylation levels in peripheral blood cells from SLE patients with ESRD, compared with patients without renal SLE (p=2.7×10-4), at one CpG site (cg16333401) in close vicinity to the transcription start site of MERTK and located in a DNAse hypersensitivity region in T and B cells. Rs56097910 is linked to altered MERTK expression in kidney tissue in public eQTL databases. Two loci were replicated for association with proliferative LN: PRDM1 (rs6924535, pmeta=1.6×10-5, OR=0.58) and APOA1BP (NAXE) (rs942960, pmeta=1.2×10-5, OR=2.64). CONCLUSION We identified a novel genetic risk locus, MERTK, associated with SLE-ESRD using the data from two large SLE cohorts. Through DNA methylation analysis and functional annotation, we showed that the risk could be mediated through regulation of gene expression. Our results suggest that variants in the MERTK gene are important for the risk of developing SLE-ESRD and suggest a role for PRDM1 and APOA1BP in proliferative LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Yavuz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna K Sandling
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Bolin
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juliana Imgenberg-Kreuz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergey V Kozyrev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cristina M Lanata
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joanne Nititham
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gouda W, Abd Elaziz Alsaid A, Abbas AS, Abdel-Aziz TM, Shoaeir MZ, Abd Elazem AAS, Sayed MH. Silent Lupus Nephritis: Renal Histopathological Profile and Early Detection with Urinary Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1. Open Access Rheumatol 2022; 14:161-170. [PMID: 36133925 PMCID: PMC9482965 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s373589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Lupus nephritis (LN) affects almost half of all individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Overt LN (OLN) symptoms might vary from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to renal failure. However, when there are no clinical or laboratory indicators of renal involvement, some people with silent LN (SLN) may have pathological evidence of renal involvement identified by renal biopsy. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP-1) is a chemotactic factor that promotes leukocyte migration to the kidney. MCP-1 urine levels (uMCP-1) have been demonstrated to be high in individuals with active LN. The purpose of this study was to discover the occurrence of SLN, as well as the possible variations between overt LN (OLN) and SLN across SLE patients based on the histopathological assessment, as well as the role of uMCP-1 in the early detection of SLN. Methods An overall of 144 patients with SLE were included in the current research. Patients were subsequently divided into two groups: individuals who did not have clinical evidence of LN (84 patients) and those with OLN (60 patients). All the patients were subjected to the following investigations: uMCP-1, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complement C3 (C3), complement C4 (C4), creatinine, albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR), creatinine clearance, quantitative assessment of proteinuria by 24-hour urine proteinuria (24hr UP) and percutaneous renal biopsy. Results Sixty patients from group I (71.4%) showed glomerular lesions on renal biopsy (SLN), and class II was the predominant class. uMCP-1 had a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 98% in the detection of SLN, and uMCP-1 values were markedly higher in patients with OLN in comparison to SLN. Conclusion The actual frequency of SLN may be higher than expected. High levels of uMCP-1 may have warranted the early activity of LN. uMCP-1 can be used as a non-invasive, useful tool for the prediction of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Gouda
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Awad Saad Abbas
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Shoaeir
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammad Hamdy Sayed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Bobkova IN, Moiseev SV, Lysenko LV, Kamyshova ES. Lupus nephritis in the XXI century. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:713-717. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.06.201559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common organ lesion in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), developing in 4050% of patients. Due to immunosuppressive therapy, the survival of patients with SLE has increased significantly over the past 50 years, and the proportion of severe kidney damage in the death structure has decreased. However, LN relapses and complications of immunosuppression, accelerated atherogenesis, concomitant diseases lead to the accumulation of organ damage and an increased risk of death. The article consideres the place of kidney damage in the SLE, the risk factors for LN development, the main renal histopathological changes, it identifies a number of issues that need to be addressed to optimize treatment and improve LN long-term outcomes, including, the revision of pathogenetic therapy regimens with restriction of glucocorticosteroids and prescribing drugs with steroid-sparing activity, the integration of new drugs for LN treatment, wider use of modern nephroprotection capabilities.
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Tan Y, Yang S, Liu Q, Li Z, Mu R, Qiao J, Cui L. Pregnancy-related complications in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102864. [PMID: 35872104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age and results in various adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Pregnancy was formerly discouraged in patients with SLE because of unstable disease activity during the gestation period, increased thrombosis risk, severe organ damage, and inevitable side effects of immunosuppressive agents. Currently, most patients with SLE have successful pregnancies due to preconception counselling, strict monitoring, and improved therapy with minimised complications for both the mother and foetus. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is extensively used and is beneficial for improving pregnancy outcomes. However, pregnant women with SLE have a high-risk of APOs, such as disease flare, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia, and pregnancy loss. Better understanding of the changes in maternal immunity and serum biomarkers, as well as their relationships with SLE-related APOs progression, would facilitate the investigation of molecular mechanisms for triggering and ameliorating APOs. Furthermore, it would enable us to explore and develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies to prevent disease activation. Therefore, this review briefly introduces the interaction between pregnancy outcomes and SLE, elucidates pathophysiological and immunological changes during SLE pregnancy. Furthermore, this review systematically expounds on the effective predictors of APOs and the molecular mechanisms underlying the SLE-related APOs to provide a solid foundation for the advanced management of lupus pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongxin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Mu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Renal response and its predictive factors of lupus nephritis: a 2-year real-world study of 56 hospital-based patients. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:3363-3371. [PMID: 35854166 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the renal response rate of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) undergoing standard treatment during a 2-year follow-up and to investigate its predictive factors. METHODS A prospective cohort study that enrolled 56 clinically diagnosed LN patients with urinary protein positivity was carried out. All patients underwent standard treatment. All patients were followed up at 6-month intervals for 2 years. Data on renal response and clinical characteristics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Among 56 patients, 27 (48.2%) and 13 (23.2%) patients achieved complete renal response (CR) and partial renal response (PR) at 6 months after induction therapy, respectively, and 42 (75.0%) and 4 (7.1%) patients developed CR and PR at 2 years. Among patients who achieved PR at 6 months, 90.0% achieved CR at 24 months, while only 37.5% of the patients who were unresponsive at 6 months achieved CR. In the multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model, female (OR 6.51, 95% CI 1.23-34.52, p = 0.028), disease duration (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.98, p = 0.021), achieving PR within 6 months (OR 8.09, 95% CI 2.06-31.73, p = 0.003), and urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.996-1.000, p = 0.025) were found to be predictive factors of CR. CONCLUSION A total of 48.2% of patients achieved CR at 6 months of induction therapy, and the response rates gradually increased to 60.7%, 64.3%, and 75.0% at 12, 18, and 24 months. Besides, female, disease duration, partial response within 6 months, and UPCR were predictive factors for a complete renal response. Key Points • We evaluate the renal response rates in Chinese patients with lupus nephritis in the real world for 2 years. • A total of 48.2% and 75.0% of patients achieved a complete response after standard treatment for 6 months and 2 years. • Female, disease duration, partial response within 6 months, and UPCR are predictors of complete renal response.
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Liao W, He XJ, Zhang W, Chen YL, Yang J, Xiang W, Ding Y. MiR-145 participates in the development of lupus nephritis by targeting CSF1 to regulate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Cytokine 2022; 154:155877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Revisited Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8345737. [PMID: 35707391 PMCID: PMC9192236 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8345737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of LN is complex, and the majority causes of LN are the renal deposition of circulating or/and in situ-formed immune complexes. These immune complexes trigger glomerular and tubulointerstitial inflammation, which finally leads to proteinuria and loss of renal function. Despite the emergence of new biological agents, cyclophosphamide (CY), an alkylating agent, is still the first-line drug widely used to treat patients with severe LN. In this review, we outline the application history, molecular structure, and pharmacokinetics of CY in the treatment of LN. We also detail its latest known immunopharmacological mechanisms, with a focus on supplemental regulation and inhibition of CD4 and CD8 positive T cells, differences in the use of various guidelines, and the combination with other drugs. The side effects of CY are also mentioned in this review.
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Sciascia S, Barinotti A, Radin M, Cecchi I, Menegatti E, Terzolo E, Rossi D, Baldovino S, Fenoglio R, Roccatello D. Dickkopf Homolog 3 (DKK3) as a Prognostic Marker in Lupus Nephritis: A Prospective Monocentric Experience. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11112977. [PMID: 35683365 PMCID: PMC9181809 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The gold standard for diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) is still represented by renal biopsy, and serological prognostic biomarkers are still lacking. Dickkopf homolog-3 (DKK3) has been suggested as a marker of tissue fibrosis in different conditions; however, its role in autoimmune diseases needs to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the prognostic role of DKK3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without LN, assessing its changes in relation to kidney function, flares, and interstitial fibrosis. Methods: Overall, 132 SLE patients (57 with LN) were included and prospectively followed up for at least 36 months. DKK3 was measured in serum at baseline. Biopsies were evaluated for glomerular involvement, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. Results: Patients with biopsy-proven LN had significantly higher levels of DKK3 than those without (median [min−max]: 215 ng/mL [81−341] vs. 21.1 ng/mL [1−69], p < 0.01). DKK3 levels were associated with prevalent chronic kidney diseases (OR: 4.31 [C.I. 2.01−6.61] per DKK3 doubling, p < 0.01), higher chronicity index at biopsy (1.75 [1.51−2.77] per DKK3 doubling, p < 0.01), and flares rate (OR: 1.45 [C.I. 1.1−5.71] per DKK3 doubling, p < 0.044). Conclusions: While kidney biopsy still represents the gold standard for diagnostic and prognostic assessment in LN, DKK3 could represent an additional prognostic tool to monitor SLE patients and guide therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savino Sciascia
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0112-402-056; Fax: +39-0112-402-052
| | - Alice Barinotti
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Radin
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Cecchi
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Edoardo Terzolo
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Baldovino
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatolgy and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (E.M.); (E.T.); (D.R.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (D.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Steenbeke M, Speeckaert R, Desmedt S, Glorieux G, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM. The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Soluble Receptor in Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073439. [PMID: 35408796 PMCID: PMC8998875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prone to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which may lead to an increase in the synthesis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Because AGEs are mostly removed by healthy kidneys, AGE accumulation is a result of both increased production and decreased kidney clearance. On the other hand, AGEs may potentially hasten decreasing kidney function in CKD patients, and are independently related to all-cause mortality. They are one of the non-traditional risk factors that play a significant role in the underlying processes that lead to excessive cardiovascular disease in CKD patients. When AGEs interact with their cell-bound receptor (RAGE), cell dysfunction is initiated by activating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), increasing the production and release of inflammatory cytokines. Alterations in the AGE-RAGE system have been related to the development of several chronic kidney diseases. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is a decoy receptor that suppresses membrane-bound RAGE activation and AGE-RAGE-related toxicity. sRAGE, and more specifically, the AGE/sRAGE ratio, may be promising tools for predicting the prognosis of kidney diseases. In the present review, we discuss the potential role of AGEs and sRAGE as biomarkers in different kidney pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Steenbeke
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Reinhart Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Desmedt
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Joris R. Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.S.); (S.D.); (G.G.)
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Li S, Bai R, Yang Y, Zhao R, Upreti B, Wang X, Liu S, Cheng Y, Xu J. Abnormal cortical thickness and structural covariance networks in systemic lupus erythematosus patients without major neuropsychiatric manifestations. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:259. [PMID: 36443835 PMCID: PMC9703716 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (non-NPSLE) has been confirmed to have subtle changes in brain structure before the appearance of obvious neuropsychiatric symptoms. Previous literature mainly focuses on brain structure loss in non-NPSLE; however, the results are heterogeneous, and the impact of structural changes on the topological structure of patients' brain networks remains to be determined. In this study, we combined neuroimaging and network analysis methods to evaluate the changes in cortical thickness and its structural covariance networks (SCNs) in patients with non-NPSLE. METHODS We compare the cortical thickness of non-NPSLE patients (N=108) and healthy controls (HCs, N=88) using both surface-based morphometry (SBM) and regions of interest (ROI) methods, respectively. After that, we analyzed the correlation between the abnormal cortical thickness results found in the ROI method and a series of clinical features. Finally, we constructed the SCNs of two groups using the regional cortical thickness and analyzed the abnormal SCNs of non-NPSLE. RESULTS By SBM method, we found that cortical thickness of 34 clusters in the non-NPSLE group was thinner than that in the HC group. ROI method based on Destrieux atlas showed that cortical thickness of 57 regions in the non-NPSLE group was thinner than that in the HC group and related to the course of disease, autoantibodies, the cumulative amount of immunosuppressive agents, and cognitive psychological scale. In the SCN analysis, the cortical thickness SCNs of the non-NPSLE group did not follow the small-world attribute at a few densities, and the global clustering coefficient appeared to increase. The area under the curve analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in clustering coefficient, degree, betweenness, and local efficiency. There are a total of seven hubs for non-NPSLE, and five hubs in HCs, the two groups do not share a common hub distribution. CONCLUSION Extensive and obvious reduction in cortical thickness and abnormal topological organization of SCNs are observed in non-NPSLE patients. The observed abnormalities may not only be the realization of brain damage caused by the disease, but also the contribution of the compensatory changes within the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ru Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruotong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bibhuti Upreti
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Chen Z, Lan R, Ye K, Chen H, Chen C, Xu Y. Prioritization of Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:717234. [PMID: 34692653 PMCID: PMC8531593 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.717234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is an important driver of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, few biomarkers are available for evaluating the diagnosis and prognosis of LN. For this study, we downloaded microarray data of multiple LN expression profiles from the GEO database. We used the WGCNA and R limma packages to identify LN hub genes and differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). We identified nine co-DEGs in the intersection with LN-related genes from the Genecards database. We found DEGs that are primarily associated with immune-related functions and pathways (including with the complement pathway, primary immunodeficiency markers, and MHC-like protein complexes) through our comprehensive GSEA, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses. We used other LN and SLE validation datasets and discovered six explicitly expressed co-DEGs: HLA-DMA, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DRA, IL10RA, and IRF8 in the LN set; ROC and Precision-Recall curve analyses revealed that these six genes have a good diagnostic efficacy. The correlation analysis with prognostic data from the Nephroseq database indicates that the differential expression of these co-DEGs is associated with a low glomerular filtration rate in that cohort. Additionally, we used a single-cell LN database of immune cells (for the first time) and discovered these co-DEGs to be predominantly distributed in different types of macrophages and B cells. In conclusion, by integrating multiple approaches for DEGs discovery, we identified six valuable biomarkers that are strongly correlated with the diagnosis and prognosis of LN. These markers can help clarify the pathogenesis and improve the clinical management of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Keng Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiming Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Radin M, Miraglia P, Barinotti A, Fenoglio R, Roccatello D, Sciascia S. Prognostic and Diagnostic Values of Novel Serum and Urine Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:559-571. [PMID: 34515043 DOI: 10.1159/000517852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While renal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing lupus nephritis (LN), the prognostic and diagnostic role of non-invasive biomarkers for LN is currently debated. METHODS Available studies published in last 5 years (2015-2020) assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of urinary and/or serological biomarkers in subjects with LN were analyzed in this systematic review. RESULTS Eighty-five studies were included (comprehending 13,496 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], 8,872 LN, 487 pediatric LN, 3,977 SLE but no LN, 160 pediatric SLE but no LN and 7,679 controls). Most of the studies were cross-sectional (62; 73%), while 14 (17%) were prospective. In sixty studies (71%), the diagnosis of LN was biopsy-confirmed. Forty-four out of 85 (52%) investigated only serological biomarkers, 29 studies (34%) tested their population only with urinary biomarkers, and 12 (14%) investigated the presence of both. Outcome measures to assess the clinical utility of the analyzed biomarkers were heterogeneous, including up to 21 different activity scores, with the SLEDAI (in 60%) being the most used. Despite some heterogeneity, promising results have been shown for biomarkers such as urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein, urinary adiponectin, and urinary vascular cell adhesion protein 1. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION While serum and urine biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic pathways in patients with LN, the vast heterogeneity across studies severely limits their applicability in current clinical practice. With the kidney biopsy still representing the gold standard, future efforts should focus on harmonizing study inclusion criteria and outcomes, particularly in clinical trials, in order to improve comparability and facilitate the implementations of available biomarkers into the daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Radin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Miraglia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,
| | - Alice Barinotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases- Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Nephrology and Dialysis, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Li L, Sun X, Wu S, Yuan X, Liu B, Zhou X. Interleukin-12 exacerbates symptoms in an MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:627. [PMID: 33936283 PMCID: PMC8082580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 modulates the generation and function of a variety of immune cells and serves an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, the precise role of IL-12 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the serum levels of IL-12 in patients with SLE were determined using an ELISA. The association between serum levels of IL-12 and clinical and laboratory indices, specifically, disease activity and complement 3, were analyzed. Recombinant IL-12 or an anti-IL-12 antibody was used to treat the MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. The glomerulonephritis and inflammatory cell infiltration was examined to evaluate histological changes using hematoxylin and eosin and Periodic acid-Schiff staining. Serum creatinine and proteinuria were used to determine renal function. The levels of anti-double stranded DNA and anti-nuclear autoantibodies were assessed. The results demonstrated that serum levels of IL-12 were markedly increased in patients with SLE compared with controls and in lupus model mice in comparison with control mice. The serum levels of IL-12 increased with disease severity in patients with SLE. SLE-like symptoms were exacerbated in lupus model mice treated with exogenous IL-12. However, SLE-like symptoms were ameliorated in lupus model mice treated with an anti-IL-12 antibody. The present results demonstrated that IL-12 aggravated SLE and anti-IL12 antibodies ameliorated SLE. The present data suggest that blocking IL-12 may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy to halt the progression of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Wu
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Institute of Acute Disorders of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Oelzner P, Wolf G. Risikostratifizierung ausgewählter schwerer
Organbeteiligungen bei Systemischer Sklerose und bei
Lupus-Nephritis. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1403-5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungInterstitielle Lungenerkrankung (ILD), pulmonal-arterielle Hypertonie (PAH),
kardiale Beteiligung und renale Krise sind schwere Prognose-bestimmende
Manifestationen der Systemischen Sklerose (SSc). Digitale Ulcerationen
führen zu erheblicher Beeinträchtigung von
Erwerbsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität. Im Rahmen der Betreuung
von SSc-Patienten ist daher eine Risikostratifizierung in Hinblick auf
Entwicklung und Progression dieser schweren Manifestationen von wesentlicher
Bedeutung. Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer SSc-ILD sind
diffuse cutane Sklerodermie (dcSSc), männliches Geschlecht und der
Nachweis von Topoisomerase-I-Antikörpern. Ausmaß und Verlauf
der SSc-ILD sind variabel. Klinik, Ausgangsbefund und Dynamik der
Lungenfunktion und hochauflösendes CT (HR-CT) des Thorax werden
genutzt, um frühzeitig Patienten zu identifizieren, welche einer
Immunsuppression bedürfen und von jenen zu unterscheiden, bei denen
zunächst engmaschige Verlaufskontrollen vertretbar sind. Zu den
Risikofaktoren einer SSc-PAH zählen langer Krankheitsverlauf, hohes
Lebensalter bei Beginn der SSc, schwere Raynaud-Symptomatik, schwere
digitale Ischämien sowie Teleangiektasien, der Nachweis von
Centromer-Antikörpern sowie Antikörpern gegen
Endothelin-A-Rezeptor und Angiotensin-1-Rezeptor und Hyperurikämie.
Bei etablierter PAH erfolgt die Risikostratifizierung auf Basis der
kalkulierten 1-Jahres-Mortaliät. Zur Kalkulation der
1-Jahresmortalität werden anamnestische und klinische Parameter wie
Symptomprogression, Auftreten von Synkopen, Vorhandensein klinischer Zeichen
einer Rechtsherzinsuffizienz, funktionelle WHO-Klasse,
funktionsdiagnostische, laborchemische, echokardiografische sowie
hämodynamische Parameter herangezogen. Nach den aktuellen
Empfehlungen zur Therapie der PAH ist eine primäre
Kombinationstherapie zumindest ab WHO-Funktionsklasse III und einem
intermediären Risiko
(1-Jahres-Mortalität≥5%) indiziert. Wesentliche
Risikofaktoren einer kardialen Beteiligung bei SSc sind höheres
Lebensalter, dcSSc und der Nachweis von Topoisomerase I-Antikörpern.
Zu den Risikofaktoren der renalen Krise bei SSc zählen dcSSc,
männliches Geschlecht, der Nachweis von RNA-Polymerase
III-Antikörpern, vorbestehende Proteinurie, aber auch eine
Vortherapie mit Glukokortikoiden, ACE-Hemmern und Cyclosporin. Digitale
Ulcera (DU) treten bei ca. 50% der Patienten auf. Risikofaktoren von
DU sind dcSSc, Nachweis von Topoisomerase I-Antikörpern,
früher Beginn der Raynaud-Symptomatik, hoher Rodnan Skin Score und
männliches Geschlecht. Entscheidendes Therapieziel bei der
Lupus-Nephritis (LN) ist der Erhalt einer normalen Nierenfunktion und die
Vermeidung einer terminalen Niereninsuffizienz, welche mit einer
erhöhten Letalität assoziiert ist. Zu den Risikofaktoren
eines ungünstigen Langzeitverlaufs der LN zählen
v. a. eine initiale irreversible
Nierenfunktionseinschränkung im Zusammenhang mit irreversiblen
chronischen Läsionen in der Nierenbiopsie, unzureichend
kontrollierte arterielle Hypertonie, ausgeprägte initiale
Proteinurie und männliches Geschlecht. Eine effektive Reduktion der
Proteinurie auf<0,5–0,8 g/d innerhalb von 12 Monaten
nach Beginn der Remissionsinduktion signalisiert dagegen eine
günstige Prognose. Frühestmögliche Diagnose der LN
und umgehende auf dem Befund der Nierenbiopsie basierende Therapie sowie
Reinduktion bei ausbleibender Remission sind entscheidend für eine
Minimierung der Risikos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Oelzner
- Rheumatologie/Osteologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin
III, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Nephrologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin III,
Universitätsklinikum Jena , Jena, Deutschland
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文 思, 陈 丽, 程 程, 林 知, 莫 樱, 蒋 小. [Clinicopathological features of children with lupus nephritis with positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:55-60. [PMID: 33476538 PMCID: PMC7818163 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinicopathological features of children with lupus nephritis (LN) with positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for the children who were diagnosed with LN in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to December 2019. According to the results of serum ANCA, they were divided into two groups: ANCA-positive group (n=59) and ANCAnegative group (n=454). The two groups were compared in terms of clinical manifestations, histopathological features, remission rate, and prognosis. RESULTS Compared with the ANCA-negative group, the ANCA-positive group had a significant reduction in leukocytes and a significant increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in serum creatinine, urine protein, and urine red blood cell count (P > 0.05). A total of 308 children underwent kidney biopsy. The results on light microscopy showed that compared with the ANCAnegative group, the ANCA-positive group had a significantly higher proportion of children with cellular fibrous crescents (P < 0.05) and a significantly lower proportion of children with immune complex deposition (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the remission rate and survival rate (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with ANCA-positive LN tend to have more severe renal pathological injury, which is not exactly parallel with clinical manifestations, suggesting that timely renal biopsy is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- 思佳 文
- />中山大学附属第一医院儿科小儿肾病中心, 广东广州 510080Children Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 丽植 陈
- />中山大学附属第一医院儿科小儿肾病中心, 广东广州 510080Children Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 程 程
- />中山大学附属第一医院儿科小儿肾病中心, 广东广州 510080Children Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 知朗 林
- />中山大学附属第一医院儿科小儿肾病中心, 广东广州 510080Children Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 樱 莫
- />中山大学附属第一医院儿科小儿肾病中心, 广东广州 510080Children Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 小云 蒋
- />中山大学附属第一医院儿科小儿肾病中心, 广东广州 510080Children Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:605-614. [PMID: 32367037 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impressive progress has been made over the last several years toward understanding how almost every aspect of the immune system contributes to the expression of systemic autoimmunity. In parallel, studies have shed light on the mechanisms that contribute to organ inflammation and damage. New approaches that address the complicated interaction between genetic variants, epigenetic processes, sex and the environment promise to enlighten the multitude of pathways that lead to what is clinically defined as systemic lupus erythematosus. It is expected that each patient owns a unique 'interactome', which will dictate specific treatment.
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