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Braga I, Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Calisto R, Rangel M, Medeiros E, Cunha JL, Rosinha A, Oliveira Â, Fialho AC, Santos S, Redondo P, Bento MJ. Real‑world retrospective study of early‑stage prostate cancer at a Portuguese Comprehensive Cancer Centre: The PEarlC study. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:362. [PMID: 38895053 PMCID: PMC11184360 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of localised prostate cancer (LPC) and locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC), evidence on the characteristics of patients, treatments and clinical outcomes stratified by disease risk is limited. The PEarlC study was conducted to characterise a cohort of patients with early-stage prostate cancer that included real-world clinical outcomes. Retrospective data from a cohort of patients diagnosed with LPC/LAPC between 2015 and 2017 and followed up until December 2020 at a Portuguese comprehensive cancer centre (IPO Porto) was analysed. Patients were classified as LPC (high- or non-high-risk) or LAPC according to European Association of Urology guidelines, were eligible if diagnosed at stage I-III and followed up in Urology, Medical Oncology or Radiation Oncology outpatient clinics of IPO Porto. Data was collected from the medical/administrative records database. Clinical outcomes included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival, metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, progression-free survival, overall survival (OS), PSA response (palliative) and no evidence of residual tumour (prostatectomy). Time-to-event outcomes were compared between subgroups using the log-rank test. A total of 790 patients were included (54.8% non-high-risk LPC, 30.9% high-risk LPC, 14.3% LAPC) and the median follow-up was 46.7 months. Patients had a median age of 68.0 years. The majority of patients were stage II (52.9%) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0-1 (99.9%) and received treatment with curative intent (85.4%). The median was only achieved in progression-free survival (29.9 months; 95% CI, 26.5-41.0 months), as evaluated in palliative patients. At year 5, 82.9% were free of PSA progression (curative), 87.5% were metastasis-free, 83.7% were disease-free, all patients in palliative treatment progressed and the 5-year OS rate was 92.9% (CI 95%, 90.2-95.7%). Among patients with LPC, OS was worse in high-risk vs. non-high-risk patients (5-year OS rate, 88.8% vs. 96.8%; hazard ratio=3.34, CI 95%, 1.64-7.05; P=0.001). PSA response rate was 81.4% in the palliative setting. There was no evidence of residual tumour in 61.6% of patients who underwent prostatectomy. Although most patients with early-stage prostate cancer treated at IPO Porto showed positive 5-year real-world outcomes, patients with high-risk LPC showed worse OS compared with patients with non-high-risk LPC and therefore a poorer prognosis. The present large-sample real-world study is an important contribution to reducing the evidence gap on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Braga
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- Outcomes Research Lab, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Management, Group of Outcomes Research and Economics in Healthcare, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Research Centre/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Calisto
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epidemiology Group-Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Rangel
- Outcomes Research Lab, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Medeiros
- Outcomes Research Lab, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Luís Cunha
- Outcomes Research Lab, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Management, Group of Outcomes Research and Economics in Healthcare, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Research Centre/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alina Rosinha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Oliveira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Susana Santos
- Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, 2740-262 Porto Salvo, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Redondo
- Outcomes Research Lab, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Management, Group of Outcomes Research and Economics in Healthcare, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Research Centre/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Bento
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epidemiology Group-Research Centre, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre & Health Research Network@Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Populations Studies, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar of the University of Porto, 4050-456 Porto, Portugal
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Kühn T, Kalotai N, Amini AM, Haardt J, Lehmann A, Schmidt A, Buyken AE, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Lorkowski S, Louis S, Schulze MB, Schwingshackl L, Siener R, Stangl GI, Watzl B, Zittermann A, Nimptsch K. Protein intake and cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03380-4. [PMID: 38643440 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been proposed that a higher habitual protein intake may increase cancer risk, possibly via upregulated insulin-like growth factor signalling. Since a systematic evaluation of human studies on protein intake and cancer risk based on a standardised assessment of systematic reviews (SRs) is lacking, we carried out an umbrella review of SRs on protein intake in relation to risks of different types of cancer. METHODS Following a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018082395), we retrieved SRs on protein intake and cancer risk published before January 22th 2024, and assessed the methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of the evidence using a modified version of AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively. The overall certainty of evidence was rated according to predefined criteria. RESULTS Ten SRs were identified, of which eight included meta-analyses. Higher total protein intake was not associated with risks of breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer incidence. The methodological quality of the included SRs ranged from critically low (kidney cancer), low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) and moderate (breast and prostate cancer) to high (colorectal cancer). The outcome-specific certainty of the evidence underlying the reported findings on protein intake and cancer risk ranged from very low (pancreatic, ovarian and prostate cancer) to low (colorectal, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer). Animal and plant protein intakes were not associated with cancer risks either at a low (breast and prostate cancer) or very low (pancreatic and prostate cancer) outcome-specific certainty of the evidence. Overall, the evidence for the lack of an association between protein intake and (i) colorectal cancer risk and (ii) breast cancer risk was rated as possible. By contrast, the evidence underlying the other reported results was rated as insufficient. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that higher total protein intake may not be associated with the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, while conclusions on protein intake in relation to risks of other types of cancer are restricted due to insufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Kühn
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK.
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Pimenta R, Camargo JA, Gonçalves GL, Ghazarian V, Candido P, Guimarães VR, Romão P, Chiovatto C, da Silva KS, Dos Santos GA, Silva IA, Nahas WC, Leite KR, Pessoa AFM, Viana NI, Reis ST. Overexpression of miR-17-5p may negatively impact p300/CBP factor-associated inflammation in a hypercholesterolemic advanced prostate cancer model. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7333-7345. [PMID: 37439896 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated that cholesterol triggers the increase in p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), targeted by miR-17-5p. The p300, IL-6, PCAF, and miR-17-5p genes have important and contradictory roles in inflammation and prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of miR-17-5 in an advanced PCa model with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, using the PC-3 cell line, we show that induction of miR-17-5p reduces p300 and PCAF expression, increases apoptosis, and decreases cell migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that supplementing this same cell with cholesterol (2 µg/mL) triggers increased p300, IL-6, and PCAF. In vivo, after establishing the hypercholesterolemic (HCOL) model, xenografts were treated with miR-17-5p. Increased expression of this miR after intratumoral injections attenuated tumor growth in the control and HCOL animals and reduced cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that inducing miR-17-5p expression suppresses tumor growth and inflammatory mediator expression. Further studies should be conducted to fully explore the role of miR-17-5p and the involvement of inflammatory mediators p300, PCAF, and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana A Camargo
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vitória Ghazarian
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Candido
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Guimarães
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Poliana Romão
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Caroline Chiovatto
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, 04263-200, Brazil
| | - Karina Serafim da Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, 04263-200, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran A Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - William C Nahas
- Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer Estate of Sao Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Kátia R Leite
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Viana
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - UEMG, Avenida Juca Stockler, Passos, MG, 1130, Brasil
| | - Sabrina T Reis
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
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Jeong SH, Kim HH, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Won CK, Park KI, Kim E, Heo JD, Kim HW, Ahn M, Seong JK, Kim GS. Flavones: The Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer of Three Flavones Selected as Therapeutic Candidate Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119240. [PMID: 37298192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a widespread but dangerous disease that can strike anyone and is the second 1leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer, in particular, is a prevalent cancer that occurs in men, and much research is being done on its treatment. Although chemical drugs are effective, they have various side effects, and accordingly, anticancer drugs using natural products are emerging. To date, many natural candidates have been discovered, and new drugs are being developed as drugs to treat prostate cancer. Representative candidate compounds that have been studied to be effective in prostate cancer include apigenin, acacetin and tangeretin of the flavone family among flavonoids. In this review, we look at the effects of these three flavones on prostate cancer cells via apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in addition to the existing drugs, we suggest the three flavones and their effectiveness as natural anticancer agents, a treatment model for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyo Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Kil Won
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Integrated Biotechnology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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El-Ghonemy DH, Ali SA, Abdel-Megeed RM, Elshafei AM. Therapeutic impact of purified Trichoderma viride L-asparaginase in murine model of liver cancer and in vitro Hep-G2 cell line. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:38. [PMID: 36995465 PMCID: PMC10063745 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the common cancers, but difficult to diagnose and treat. L-asparaginase has been introduced in the treatment protocol of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) since the 1960s with a good outcome and increased survival rates to nearly 90%. Moreover, it has been found to have therapeutic potential in solid tumors. Production of glutaminase-free-L-asparaginase is of interest to avoid glutaminase-related toxicity and hypersensitivity. In the current study, an extracellular L-asparaginase that is free of L-glutaminase was purified from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Trichoderma viride. The cytotoxic effect of the purified enzyme was evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines and in vivo against male Wister albino mice intraperitoneally injected with diethyl nitrosamine (200 mg/kg bw), followed by (after 2 weeks) oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (2 mL/kg bw). This dose was repeated for 2 months, and after that, the blood samples were collected to estimate hepatic and renal injury markers, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS L-asparaginase was purified from T. viride culture filtrate with 36 purification folds, 688.1 U/mg specific activity, and 38.9% yield. The highest antiproliferative activity of the purified enzyme was observed against the hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cell line, with an IC50 of 21.2 g/mL, which was higher than that observed for MCF-7 (IC50 34.2 g/mL). Comparing the DENA-intoxicated group to the negative control group, it can be demonstrated that L-asparaginase adjusted the levels of the liver function enzymes and the hepatic injury markers that had previously changed with DENA intoxication. DENA causes kidney dysfunction and altered serum albumin and creatinine levels as well. Administration of L-asparaginase was found to improve the levels of the tested biomarkers including kidney and liver function tests. L-asparaginase treatment of the DENA-intoxicated group resulted in a significant improvement in the liver and kidney tissues to near normal similar to the healthy control group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that this purified T. viride L-asparaginase may be able to delay the development of liver cancer and may be used as a potential candidate for future application in medicine as an anticancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H El-Ghonemy
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Giza, EG-12622, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa A Ali
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St., Giza, EG-12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St., Giza, EG-12622, Egypt
| | - Ali M Elshafei
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Giza, EG-12622, Egypt
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6
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Berenguer CV, Pereira F, Câmara JS, Pereira JAM. Underlying Features of Prostate Cancer-Statistics, Risk Factors, and Emerging Methods for Its Diagnosis. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2300-2321. [PMID: 36826139 PMCID: PMC9955741 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently occurring type of malignant tumor and a leading cause of oncological death in men. PCa is very heterogeneous in terms of grade, phenotypes, and genetics, displaying complex features. This tumor often has indolent growth, not compromising the patient's quality of life, while its more aggressive forms can manifest rapid growth with progression to adjacent organs and spread to lymph nodes and bones. Nevertheless, the overtreatment of PCa patients leads to important physical, mental, and economic burdens, which can be avoided with careful monitoring. Early detection, even in the cases of locally advanced and metastatic tumors, provides a higher chance of cure, and patients can thus go through less aggressive treatments with fewer side effects. Furthermore, it is important to offer knowledge about how modifiable risk factors can be an effective method for reducing cancer risk. Innovations in PCa diagnostics and therapy are still required to overcome some of the limitations of the current screening techniques, in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In this context, this review provides a brief overview of PCa statistics, reporting its incidence and mortality rates worldwide, risk factors, and emerging screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina V. Berenguer
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ferdinando Pereira
- SESARAM—Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, EPERAM, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Avenida Luís de Camões 6180, 9000-177 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Connolly G, Clark CM, Campbell RE, Byers AW, Reed JB, Campbell WW. Poultry Consumption and Human Health: How Much Is Really Known? A Systematically Searched Scoping Review and Research Perspective. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2115-2124. [PMID: 36351778 PMCID: PMC9776623 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review was conducted to systematically search and chronicle scientific literature pertinent to poultry intake and human health. The protocol (uploaded to Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/2k7bj/) was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Articles with observational and experimental research, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria. Among these 525 articles, 212 focused on cancer morbidity and mortality; 41 on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; 52 on CVD risk factors; 32 on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) morbidity and mortality; 33 on T2DM risk factors; and 42 on body weight and body composition. An "Other" category (181 articles) included nutrient status, psychological well-being/mental health, cognition, microbiome, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, skin disorders, and fertility, among others. Among the 525 included articles, 366 were observational, 64 were experimental, and 76 were reviews and meta-analyses. Eighty-three percent of articles focused on adults or older adults. A paucity of research exists to support poultry as health-promoting foods, with most research only indirectly assessing poultry intake compared with other foods of interest (e.g., red meats or plant-based protein foods). No randomized controlled trials and only 1% of OBS assessed the influence of processed poultry intake on human health. In the future, the relative health effects of consuming poultry will be compared with a widening array of traditional and new protein-rich food products, necessitating the need for research to assess poultry as foods of choice. Science and health professionals, the poultry industry, and the public will benefit from new observational and experimental research to address cutting-edge scientific, public policy, and consumer topics pertinent to poultry intake and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Connolly
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Adam W Byers
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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8
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Photodynamic Therapy-Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051113. [PMID: 35626269 PMCID: PMC9139878 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase in the number of advanced-stage prostate cancer cases with poor prognosis has led to a search for innovative methods of treatment. In response to the need for implementation of new and innovative methods of cancer tissue therapy, we studied photodynamic action in excised prostate tissue in vitro as a model for photodynamic therapy. To ascertain the effects of photodynamic action in prostate tissue, Rose Bengal (0.01 to 0.05 mM) was used as a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen and light to generate singlet oxygen in tissues in vitro. Five preset concentrations of Rose Bengal were chosen and injected into prostate tissue samples (60 samples with 12 replications for each RB concentration) that were subsequently exposed to 532 nm light. The effects of irradiation of the Rose Bengal infused tissue samples were determined by histopathological analysis. Histopathological examination of prostate samples subjected to photodynamic action revealed numerous changes in the morphology of the neoplastic cells and the surrounding tissues. We conclude that the morphological changes observed in the prostate cancer tissues were a result of the photogeneration of cytotoxic singlet oxygen. The tissue damage observed post photodynamic action offers an incentive for continued in vitro investigations and future in vivo clinical trials.
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9
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Lipid Metabolism and Epigenetics Crosstalk in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040851. [PMID: 35215499 PMCID: PMC8874497 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men in the Western world. Localized low-risk PCa has an excellent prognosis thanks to effective local treatments; however, despite the incorporation of new therapeutic strategies, metastatic PCa remains incurable mainly due to disease heterogeneity and the development of resistance to therapy. The mechanisms underlying PCa progression and therapy resistance are multiple and include metabolic reprogramming, especially in relation to lipid metabolism, as well as epigenetic remodelling, both of which enable cancer cells to adapt to dynamic changes in the tumour. Interestingly, metabolism and epigenetics are interconnected. Metabolism can regulate epigenetics through the direct influence of metabolites on epigenetic processes, while epigenetics can control metabolism by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of metabolic genes. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest an association between a high-fat diet, which can alter the availability of metabolites, and PCa progression. Here, we review the alterations of lipid metabolism and epigenetics in PCa, before focusing on the mechanisms that connect them. We also discuss the influence of diet in this scenario. This information may help to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as targetable vulnerabilities.
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10
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García-Perdomo HA, Gómez-Ospina JC, Chaves-Medina MJ, Sierra JM, Gómez AMA, Rivas JG. Impact of lifestyle in prostate cancer patients. What should we do? Int Braz J Urol 2021; 48:244-262. [PMID: 34472770 PMCID: PMC8932020 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2021.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review aimed to analyze interventions raised within primary and tertiary prevention concerning the disease's incidence, progression, and recurrence of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Priority was given to the multidisciplinary approach of PCa patients with an emphasis on modifiable risk factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in the following databases: Embase, Central, and Medline. We included the most recent evidence assessing cohort studies, case-control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published in the last five years. We only included studies in adults and in vitro or cell culture studies. The review was limited to English and Spanish articles. Results: Preventive interventions at all levels are the cornerstone of adherence to disease treatment and progression avoidance. The relationship in terms of healthy lifestyles is related to greater survival. The risk of developing cancer is associated to different eating habits, determined by geographic variations, possibly related to different genetic susceptibilities. Discussion: PCa is the second most common cancer in men, representing a leading cause of death among men in Latin America. Prevention strategies and healthy lifestyles are associated with higher survival rates in PCa patients. Also, screening for anxiety and the presence of symptoms related to mood disorders is essential in the patient's follow-up concerning their perception of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- Division of Urology/Uroooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Gómez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Garrido MM, Marta JC, Ribeiro RM, Pinheiro LC, Guimarães JT. Serum lipids and prostate cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23705. [PMID: 33724557 PMCID: PMC8059719 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting results are found in the literature relating serum lipids levels and prostate cancer. Some results imply a relationship between them; others contradict this association. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible association between serum lipids levels and prostate cancer, at time of diagnosis. METHODS We measured serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in 237 patients submitted to a prostate biopsy, with PSA between 2 and 10 ng/ml. Patients without cancer at biopsy were used as controls, and the others were considered as cases. No information about lipid-lowering therapy, including statins, was available neither in cases nor in controls. Cases were divided into risk groups, according to the disease severity, based on staging. Lipids levels were compared between groups, using parametric and nonparametric tests. Logistic regression analysis and odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS LDL and total cholesterol levels were lower in patients with cancer, with the difference being statistically significant for LDL cholesterol (p = 0.010) and borderline for total cholesterol (p = 0.050). No significant differences were found between the several risk groups. Odds ratios for low LDL cholesterol (<130 mg/dl) and low total cholesterol (<200 mg/dl), with prostate cancer as the outcome, were 1.983 and 1.703, respectively. There were no significant differences between cases and controls for the other lipids. CONCLUSION Lower LDL cholesterol (<130 mg/dl) and lower total cholesterol (<200 mg/dl) serum levels seem to associate with prostate cancer, at time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M. Garrido
- Department of Clinical PathologyCentral Lisbon University Hospital Center & Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - José C. Marta
- Department of Clinical PathologyCentral Lisbon University Hospital CenterLisbonPortugal
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Biomathematics LaboratorySchool of Medicine, University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Luís C. Pinheiro
- Department of UrologyCentral Lisbon University Hospital Center & Department of Urology, Nova Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
| | - João T. Guimarães
- Department of Clinical PathologySao Joao University Hospital Center & Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine & Institute of Public Health, University of PortoPortoPortugal
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12
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Gregg JR, Zhang X, Chapin B, Ward J, Kim J, Davis J, Daniel CR. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and grade group progression in localized prostate cancer: An active surveillance cohort. Cancer 2021; 127:720-728. [PMID: 33411364 PMCID: PMC9810094 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MD) may be beneficial for men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) on active surveillance (AS) because of its anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, and chemopreventive properties. This study prospectively investigated adherence to the MD with Gleason score progression and explored associations by diabetes status, statin use, and other factors. METHODS Men with newly diagnosed PCa on an AS protocol (n = 410) completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire, and the MD score was calculated across 9 energy-adjusted food groups. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of the MD score with progression-free survival; progression was defined as an increase in the Gleason grade group (GG) score over a biennial monitoring regimen. RESULTS In this cohort, 15% of the men were diabetic, 44% of the men used statins, and 76 men progressed (median follow-up, 36 months). After adjustments for clinical factors, higher adherence to the MD was associated with a lower risk of GG progression among all men (hazard ratio [HR] per 1-unit increase in MD score, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-1.01), non-White men (HR per 1-unit increase in MD score, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.92; P for interaction = .07), and men without diabetes (HR per 1-unit increase in MD score, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.96; P for interaction = .03). When joint effects of the MD score and statin use were examined, a similar risk reduction was observed among men with high MD scores who did not use statins in comparison with men with low/moderate MD scores with no statin use. CONCLUSIONS The MD is associated with a lower risk of GG progression in men on AS, and this is consistent with prior reports about the MD and reduced cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Gregg
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Joint Corresponding authors: Justin R. Gregg, MD, Mailing address: 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1373, Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, , Phone: 713-563-1432, Fax: 713-794-4824, Carrie R. Daniel, PhD, Mailing address: 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1340, Room CPB4.3241, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, , Phone: 713-563-5783, Fax: 713-563-1367
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brian Chapin
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jeri Kim
- Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth, NJ
| | - John Davis
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carrie R. Daniel
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Joint Corresponding authors: Justin R. Gregg, MD, Mailing address: 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1373, Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, , Phone: 713-563-1432, Fax: 713-794-4824, Carrie R. Daniel, PhD, Mailing address: 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1340, Room CPB4.3241, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, , Phone: 713-563-5783, Fax: 713-563-1367
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13
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Wu X, Long X, Yang C, Chen H, Sharkey C, Rashid K, Hu M, Liu Y, Huang Q, Chen Q, Hu J, Jiang H. Icaritin reduces prostate cancer progression via inhibiting high-fat diet-induced serum adipokine in TRAMP mice model. J Cancer 2020; 11:6556-6564. [PMID: 33046976 PMCID: PMC7545683 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity resulting from high-fat diets has a close relationship with the morbidity and mortality associated with Prostate cancer (PCa) in males. The anti-cancer role of Icaritin (ICT, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine) has been reported in several types of cancer including PCa. Adipokines are novel adipocyte-specific secretory protein, which plays a key role in the development of various diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. However, the function of ICT and the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in PCa regression through modulation of adipokines have not been studied. Here, we assessed the anti-cancer properties of ICT under the influence of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) pathway modulating adipokines in obese PCa models. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP), a well-established animal model for the study of PCa pathogenesis. All the animals were fed on a high-fat diet (HFD with 40% fat) and divided into two groups, one received ICT solution of 30 mg/kg body bwt (i.p) while the other group served as control without any ICT treatment. The mortality rate, tumor formation and fat ratio were assessed by histopathological and magnetic resonance analysis at different time points of 20th, 24th and 28th weeks. The protein expression of HER2 and serum levels of adipokines were measured using western blotting, IHC and multiplex immunoassays. The PCa grade in 12 TRAMP mice were longitudinally evaluated to visualize PCa development and progression upon post-surgery using PET/CT scanning. Results: We observed that ICT treatment significantly reduces the total mortality rate of TRAMP mice (p = 0.045) and the percentage of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or PCa (p = 0.029). Interestingly, significantly decreased levels of leptin (p = 0.006 @20th wk) and the elevated levels of adiponectin (p = 0.030 @20th wk) were observed in different subgroups upon ICT treatment in a time-dependent manner. In addition, a decrease level of HER2 (p = 0.032 @28th wk) and an elevated level of PEA3 (p = 0.014 @28th wk) were also detected in ICT treated group. The PET/CT-based imaging showed that ICT vs non-ICT treated mice had different standard uptake value and metastasis. Discussion and Conclusion: Our results showed potent anti-cancer properties of ICT through the modulation of adipokine secretion may alter the expression and activation of HER2 pathway as an alternative mechanism to prevent PCa progression. Altogether, our findings indicate that ICT could be a promising cancer preventive agent with the potential to target and eradicate tumor cells in obese PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Division of Urology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingbo Long
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Urology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Sharkey
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Urology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengbo Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- PET center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Circulatory and prostatic tissue lipidomic profiles shifts after high-dose atorvastatin use in men with prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12016. [PMID: 32694638 PMCID: PMC7374714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients using cholesterol-lowering statins have 30% lower risk of prostate cancer death compared to non-users. The effect is attributed to the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, statin use causes lipoprotein metabolism changes in the serum. Statin effect on serum or intraprostatic lipidome profiles in prostate cancer patients has not been explored. We studied changes in the serum metabolomic and prostatic tissue lipidome after high-dose 80 mg atorvastatin intervention to expose biological mechanisms causing the observed survival benefit. Our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial consisted of 103 Finnish men with prostate cancer. We observed clear difference in post-intervention serum lipoprotein lipid profiles between the study arms (median classification error 11.7%). The atorvastatin effect on intraprostatic lipid profile was not as clear (median classification error 44.7%), although slightly differing lipid profiles by treatment arm was observed, which became more pronounced in men who used atorvastatin above the median of 27 days (statin group median classification error 27.2%). Atorvastatin lowers lipids important for adaptation for hypoxic microenvironment in the prostate suggesting that prostate cancer cell survival benefit associated with statin use might be mediated by both, local and systemic, lipidomic/metabolomic profile changes.
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15
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Effects of the Bone/Bone Marrow Microenvironments on Prostate Cancer Cells and CD59 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2753414. [PMID: 32337233 PMCID: PMC7165328 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2753414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and osteoblasts (hFOB1.19) on PC3 prostate cancer cells. Methods To simulate the in vivo interaction between the bone/bone marrow microenvironments and prostate cancer cells, we established cocultures of PC3 cells with hBMSC or hFOB1.19 cells and evaluated their effects on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell migration, and invasion of PC3 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect CD59 mRNA expression in PC3 cells. The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor- (NF-) κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), CD59, NF-κB (p50 subunit), and cyclin D1 in PC3 cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Results hBMSCs and hFOB1.19 cells enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC3 cells; increased the proportion of PC3 cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle; and upregulated RANK, RANKL, OPG, CD59, cyclin D1, and NF-κB (p50 subunit) expression by PC3 cells. The RANKL inhibitor, scutellarin, inhibited these effects in PC3-hFOB1.19 cocultures. Conclusion hBMSCs and hFOB1.19 cells modulate the phenotype of PC3 prostate cancer cells and the expression of CD59 by activating the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway.
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16
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Fraser GE, Jacobsen BK, Knutsen SF, Mashchak A, Lloren JI. Tomato consumption and intake of lycopene as predictors of the incidence of prostate cancer: the Adventist Health Study-2. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:341-351. [PMID: 32100191 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have controversially suggested that prostate cancer, the most common cancer among Western men, is less common among those with a high intake of tomato products and lycopene. We examine multivariable associations between the intake of tomatoes and lycopene, and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS In a prospective study of 27,934 Adventist men without prevalent cancer, Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to address the objectives. Dietary measurement error was partially corrected with regression calibration. RESULTS 1226 incident cases of prostate cancer, 355 of them aggressive, were identified during 7.9 years of follow-up. Consumption of canned and cooked tomatoes more than four times a week was associated with a HR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.55, 0.94, P = 0.02) comparing to risk in those never consuming this food. Treating this as a continuous variable, adjusting for confounders, produces a similar result, HR = 0.86 (95% CI 0.75, 0.99), comparing 64 g/day with zero intakes (questionnaire data). Regression calibration, although less precise, suggests a yet stronger and statistically significant inverse relationship, comparing a 24-h dietary recall intake of 71 g/day canned and cooked tomato product, with zero intake. Uncalibrated multivariable-adjusted competing risk analyses do not find differences in tomato associations between aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancers although power for aggressive cancers is limited. CONCLUSION Consumption of canned and cooked tomatoes may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. These products contain more available lycopene. However, an observational study cannot exclude confounding by some unidentified, prostate cancer preventive factor. Clinical Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03615599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Synnøve F Knutsen
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jan I Lloren
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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17
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Singh S, McDonald JT, Ilie G, Adisesh A. An examination of the association between lifetime history of prostate and pancreatic cancer diagnosis and occupation in a population sample of Canadians. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227622. [PMID: 32023280 PMCID: PMC7001921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupation was assessed as possible risk factors for prostate (PCa) and pancreatic cancer in a large Canadian worker cohort. METHODS The Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) was derived from linking the 1991 Canadian Census Cohort to the Canadian Cancer Database (1969-2010), Canadian Mortality Database (1991-2011), and Tax Summary Files (1981-2011). From the total sample of 1,931,110 persons, we identified and derived two samples of 28,610 men and 3,220 men and women with a past history of PCa and pancreatic cancer diagnoses, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals for occupation. RESULTS In Canadian men aged 24-64 years, the highest elevated risks of PCa were observed for library clerks (HR = 2.36, 95% CI:1.12-4.97), medical radiation technologists (HR = 1.66, 95% CI:1.04-2.65), telecommunications and line cable workers (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.22-3.16) and commissioned police officers (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10-2.16. The highest elevated risk for pancreatic cancer were observed for commissioned police officers (HR = 4.34, 95% CI: 1.85-10.21), photographic and film processors (HR = 3.97, 95% CI:1.69-9.34), railway and motor transport labourers (HR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.67-9.29), and computer engineers (HR = 3.82, 95%CI: 1.52-9.61). CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the need for further study of job-related exposures and the potential influence of non-occupational factors such as screening practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Gabriela Ilie
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anil Adisesh
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hashemzadeh P, Ghorbanzadeh V, Valizadeh Otaghsara SM, Dariushnejad H. Novel Predicted B-Cell Epitopes of PSMA for Development of Prostate Cancer Vaccine. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Noh S, Choi E, Hwang CH, Jung JH, Kim SH, Kim B. Dietary Compounds for Targeting Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102401. [PMID: 31597327 PMCID: PMC6835786 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the burden of the disease is increased. Although several chemotherapies have been used, concerns about the side effects have been raised, and development of alternative therapy is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy of dietary substances as a source of anti-tumor drugs by identifying their carcinostatic activities in specific pathological mechanisms. According to numerous studies, dietary substances were effective through following five mechanisms; apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, microRNA (miRNA) regulation, and anti-multi-drug-resistance (MDR). About seventy dietary substances showed the anti-prostate cancer activities. Most of the substances induced the apoptosis, especially acting on the mechanism of caspase and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These findings support that dietary compounds have potential to be used as anticancer agents as both food supplements and direct clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Noh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Eunseok Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Cho-Hyun Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
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20
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Shao HB, Ren K, Gao SL, Zou JG, Mi YY, Zhang LF, Zuo L, Okada A, Yasui T. Human methionine synthase A2756G polymorphism increases susceptibility to prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1776-1788. [PMID: 30064122 PMCID: PMC6075445 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims: Previous results on the association between MTR gene A2756G polymorphism and PCa risk are inconclusive. Methods: We used odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to evaluate the correlation between MTR A2756G polymorphism and risk of PCa in meta-analysis. Serum expression of MTR was detected by ELISA and in-silico tools were utilized to assess this variant. Results: Our study included 2,921 PCa patients and 3,095 control subjects. The results indicated that the MTR A2756G polymorphism is linked with an increased risk of PCa using three genetic models (G-allele vs. A-allele: OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.04 - 1.30; GA vs. AA: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.02 - 1.33; GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.04 - 1.34). Stratified analysis produced similar results. A significant association was also indicated in advanced PCa from the meta-analysis. Finally, our experiments showed evidence that serum MTR levels in PCa patients with AA genotypes were statistically higher than in those with GG/GA genotypes. Conclusions: Our present study suggests that the MTR A2756G polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing PCa, particularly in Asian and hospital-based studies. Moreover, serum MTR might be utilized in diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bao Shao
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
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21
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The Δ133p53β isoform promotes an immunosuppressive environment leading to aggressive prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:631. [PMID: 31431617 PMCID: PMC6702175 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, for which there are no reliable biomarkers or targeted therapies. Here we demonstrate that elevated levels of Δ133TP53β isoform characterize prostate cancers with immune cell infiltration, particularly T cells and CD163+ macrophages. These cancers are associated with shorter progression-free survival, Gleason scores ≥ 7, and an immunosuppressive environment defined by a higher proportion of PD-1, PD-L1 and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) positive cells. Consistent with this, RNA-seq of tumours showed enrichment for pathways associated with immune signalling and cell migration. We further show a role for hypoxia and wild-type p53 in upregulating Δ133TP53 levels. Finally, AUC analysis showed that Δ133TP53β expression level alone predicted aggressive disease with 88% accuracy. Our data identify Δ133TP53β as a highly accurate prognostic factor for aggressive prostate cancer.
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22
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Yan B, Chen B, Min S, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Xu P, Li C, Chen J, Luo G, Liu C. iTRAQ-based Comparative Serum Proteomic Analysis of Prostate Cancer Patients with or without Bone Metastasis. J Cancer 2019; 10:4165-4177. [PMID: 31413735 PMCID: PMC6691707 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Once prostate cancer developed bone metastasis, the quality of life and prognosis of patients are seriously affected as no effective treatment is currently available. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of bone metastasis and new therapeutic targets. Purpose: To find out the differentially expressed serum proteins in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis and analyze the expression of key proteins in prostate cancer tissues, serum and prostate cancer cell lines. So as to provide a basis for revealing the mechanism of bone metastasis and designing new therapeutic targets. Methods: iTRAQ-based proteomics method was used to compare serum differential proteins in prostate cancer patients with and without bone metastasis. Three key proteins (CD59, haptoglobin and tetranectin) which had significant fold changes were selected to validate the results of mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were applied to tissues and serum samples from prostate cancer patients, respectively, for validation. Finally, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze the expression of the three differentially expressed proteins in the prostate cancer cell lines PC3, LNCap, and Du145. Results: Thirty-two differentially expressed proteins related to bone metastasis of prostate cancer were identified, of which 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated. CD59 and haptoglobin were up-regulated in prostate cancer with bone metastasis while tetranectin was down-regulated. Tetranectin showed differential expression in epithelial and stromal cells of prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissues.The expression of CD59 was highest in PC3 and lowest in LNCap, while the expression of haptoglobin and tetranectin was the highest in DU145 and lowest in PC3. Conclusion: Mass spectrometry analysis showed that there were more differentially expressed proteins in the serum of patients with bone metastasis than those without metastasis. It has been verified that CD59, haptoglobin and tetranectin are prostate cancer bone metastasis related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yan
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Binshen Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoju Min
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yubo Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoming Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Han PZ, Cao DH, Zhang XL, Ren ZJ, Wei Q. Association between TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16135. [PMID: 31232967 PMCID: PMC6636943 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 gene polymorphism could increase risks of several kinds of cancer. But it remained controversial whether TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility to prostate cancer. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis that evaluated the association between TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. METHOD A comprehensive research was performed from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to December 31, 2018. A random effect model was used to evaluate the effect of the outcome. The statistical analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3.0 and Stata 14.0. The sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were also performed to confirm the reliability of this meta-analysis. RESULTS 22 studies included 3146 cases and 4010 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, no association was observed between TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk (Arg vs Pro: odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.30; ArgArg vs ProPro: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.90-1.75; ProPro vs ArgArg+ ArgPro: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.86-1.57; ArgPro+ ProPro vs ArgArg: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.97-1.51). Subgroup analyses, based on ethnicity, source of control and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) status, showed consistent results. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis we performed showed that there was no association of TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism with prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology
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24
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Bahrami A, Movahed M, Teymoori F, Mazandaranian MR, Rashidkhani B, Hekmatdoost A, Hejazi E. Dietary Nutrient Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk:
A Case-Control Study from Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1415-1420. [PMID: 31127901 PMCID: PMC6857882 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the second common cancer in the world. Although some associations between dietary intakes and prostate cancer have been found, the effects of dietary nutrients interactions have not yet evaluated. The aim of this study is to assess the association between nutrient patterns and risk of prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Ninety-seven patients with prostate cancer and 205 controls were asked about their demographic and dietary intakes using validated questionnaires. To extract nutrient patterns, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the 35 nutrient items were applied. Varimax rotation was used for improving interpretation and minimizing correlation between the factors. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of prostate cancer by higher scores on the nutrient patterns. Results: High adherence to the “plant source” pattern was negatively associated with prostate cancer risk (OR 0.29 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile; 95% CI= 0.13 – 0.65; P value for trend: <0.003). Similarly, the “antioxidant and fiber” pattern was associated with decreasing risk of prostate cancer (OR 0.06 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile;95% CI=0.02 – 0.19; P value for trend: <0.001). There was no significant association for the “mixed” and “vitamin and minerals” pattern with risk of prostate cancer. Conclusion: This study confirms the potential and important role of nutrients on prostate cancer risk. Our finding revealed that “antioxidant and fiber” and “plant source” pattern is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk; however, further longitudinal and trial studies are needed to make a firm conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Department and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Movahed
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Student Research Committee, Department and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mazandaranian
- Student Research Committee, Department and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Hejazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF, Cucielo MS, Silveira HS, Reiter RJ, Lupi LA. Mitochondrial functions and melatonin: a tour of the reproductive cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:837-863. [PMID: 30430198 PMCID: PMC11105419 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the reproductive organs have a strong association with mitochondrial defects, and a deeper understanding of the role of this organelle in preneoplastic-neoplastic changes is important to determine the appropriate therapeutic intervention. Mitochondria are involved in events during cancer development, including metabolic and oxidative status, acquisition of metastatic potential, resistance to chemotherapy, apoptosis, and others. Because of their origin from melatonin-producing bacteria, mitochondria are speculated to produce melatonin and its derivatives at high levels; in addition, exogenously administered melatonin accumulates in the mitochondria against a concentration gradient. Melatonin is transported into tumor cell by GLUT/SLC2A and/or by the PEPT1/2 transporters, and plays beneficial roles in mitochondrial homeostasis, such as influencing oxidative phosphorylation and electron flux, ATP synthesis, bioenergetics, calcium influx, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Moreover, melatonin promotes mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating nuclear DNA and mtDNA transcriptional activities. This review focuses on the main functions of melatonin on mitochondrial processes, and reviews from a mechanistic standpoint, how mitochondrial crosstalk evolved in ovarian, endometrial, cervical, breast, and prostate cancers relative to melatonin's known actions. We put emphasis on signaling pathways whereby melatonin interferes within cancer-cell mitochondria after its administration. Depending on subtype and intratumor metabolic heterogeneity, melatonin seems to be helpful in promoting apoptosis, anti-proliferation, pro-oxidation, metabolic shifting, inhibiting neovasculogenesis and controlling inflammation, and restoration of chemosensitivity. This results in attenuation of development, progression, and metastatic potential of reproductive cancers, in addition to lowering the risk of recurrence and improving the life quality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Spaulonci Silveira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHealth, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Luiz Antonio Lupi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP, São Paulo State University, P.O Box: 18618-689, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Hoyt M, Reger M, Marley A, Fan H, Liu Z, Zhang J. Vitamin K intake and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:392-401. [PMID: 30624568 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin K inhibits prostate cancer cells, and an altered expression of vitamin K-dependent proteins in prostate tumors has been linked to their aggressiveness and progression. However, little is known about the effect of vitamin K intake on prostate cancer in human populations. Objectives We evaluated the associations of dietary intake of phylloquinone (vitamin K-1), menaquinones (vitamin K-2), and total vitamin K with the development of prostate cancer among participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. Design Dietary intake of vitamin K was assessed with the Dietary Questionnaire (DQX) at baseline and the Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ) at the third anniversary of randomization by using high-performance liquid chromatography-based food-composition data obtained from the USDA and published studies. During a median follow-up of 11.8 y, 2978 cases of prostate cancer (including 490 advanced cases) were identified from the 28,356 men who completed DQX. Similarly, 2973 cases of prostate cancer (including 647 advanced cases) were documented from the 48,090 men who completed DHQ. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate prostate cancer risk in relation to the dietary intake of vitamin K. Results After adjustment for confounders, dietary intakes of phylloquinone, menaquinones, and total vitamin K, assessed with either the DQX or DHQ, were not significantly associated with the risk of advanced, nonadvanced, and total prostate cancer. These results remained virtually the same when vitamin K intake was modeled as a categorical (divided into quintiles) or continuous (per IQR increase) variable or after outliers of total vitamin K intake (defined as a value that falls above the sum of third quartile and twice the IQR) were excluded. Conclusions The present study does not suggest that vitamin K intake influences the occurrence of total and advanced prostate cancer in the general US population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Reger
- Departments of Epidemiology.,Public Health Programs, College of Health Professions, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI
| | | | | | - Ziyue Liu
- Biostatistics, Indiana University Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Departments of Epidemiology.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Diet quality and Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:466-471. [PMID: 30679782 PMCID: PMC6462004 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High diet quality may support a metabolic and anti-inflammatory state less conducive to tumour progression. We prospectively investigated diet quality in relation to Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance, a clinical management strategy of disease monitoring and delayed intervention. Methods Men with newly diagnosed Gleason score 6 or 7 prostate cancer enroled on a biennial monitoring regimen. Patients completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (n = 411) and first 6-month follow-up (n = 263). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of diet quality [defined via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015] with Gleason grade progression. Results After a median follow-up of 36 months, 76 men progressed. Following adjustment for clinicopathologic factors, we observed a suggestive inverse association between baseline diet quality and Gleason grade progression [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. the lowest HEI-2015 tertile: 0.59 (0.32–1.08); Ptrend = 0.06]. We observed no associations with diet quality at 6-month follow-up, nor change in diet quality from baseline. Conclusions In localised prostate cancer patients on surveillance, higher diet quality or conformance with United States dietary guidelines at enrolment may lower risk of Gleason grade progression, though additional confirmatory research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K. Maiyoh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vivian C. Tuei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
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Bellamri M, Turesky RJ. Dietary Carcinogens and DNA Adducts in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:29-55. [PMID: 31900903 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related to death in men. The major risk factors for PC are age, family history, and African American ethnicity. Epidemiological studies have reported large geographical variations in PC incidence and mortality, and thus lifestyle and dietary factors influence PC risk. High fat diet, dairy products, alcohol and red meats, are considered as risk factors for PC. This book chapter provides a comprehensive, literature-based review on dietary factors and their molecular mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis. A large portion of our knowledge is based on epidemiological studies where dietary factors such as cancer promoting agents, including high-fat, dairy products, alcohol, and cancer-initiating genotoxicants formed in cooked meats have been evaluated for PC risk. However, the precise mechanisms in the etiology of PC development remain uncertain. Additional animal and human cell-based studies are required to further our understandings of risk factors involved in PC etiology. Specific biomarkers of chemical exposures and DNA damage in the prostate can provide evidence of cancer-causing agents in the prostate. Collectively, these studies can improve public health research, nutritional education and chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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López-Guarnido O, Urquiza-Salvat N, Saiz M, Lozano-Paniagua D, Rodrigo L, Pascual-Geler M, Lorente JA, Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Rivas A. Bioactive compounds of the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer. Aging Male 2018; 21:251-260. [PMID: 29375002 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1430129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence on the effects of bioactive constituents of the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) on prostate cancer (PCa) risk. METHODS The search for articles came from extensive research in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We used the search terms "Mediterranean diet," "lycopene," "vitamin E," "vitamin C," "Selenium," "resveratrol," "prostate cancer," and combinations, such as "lycopene and prostate cancer" or "resveratrol and prostate cancer." RESULTS Numerous studies investigating the effect of various dietary nutrients on PCa have suggested that selenium is probably the most promising. Several studies reported reduced PCa risk associated with vitamin C and E intake, while other studies reported no association. Lycopene inhibits cell proliferation and inducts apoptosis, thus protecting against cancer. Also, it has been found in various in vivo and in vitro studies that resveratrol, inhibits PCa development. CONCLUSIONS The high content of bioactive phytochemicals in the MeDi is of particular interest in the prevention of PCa. Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of MeDi bioactive compounds on prostate health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga López-Guarnido
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Noelia Urquiza-Salvat
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Saiz
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- d Nutrition and Food Science Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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31
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Kumar A, D'silva M, Dholakia K, Levenson AS. In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Table Grape Powder Extract (GPE) in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1804. [PMID: 30463302 PMCID: PMC6265725 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the link between diet and cancer is complex, epidemiological data confirm that diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer and indicate a reduced prostate cancer incidence associated with a diet rich in vegetables and fruits. Because of the known protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against prostate cancer, we evaluated the effects of grape powder extract (GPE) on cell viability, proliferation, and metastatic capability. Importantly, we explored the possible novel mechanism of GPE through metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) downregulation in prostate cancer, since our previous studies indicated resveratrol (Res)- and pterostilbene (Pter)-induced MTA1-mediated anticancer activities in prostate cancer. We found that GPE inhibited the cell viability and growth of prostate cancer cells only at high 100 μg/mL concentrations. However, at low 1.5⁻15 μg/mL concentrations, GPE significantly reduced the colony formation and wound healing capabilities of both DU145 and PC3M cells. Moreover, we found that GPE inhibited MTA1 in a dose-dependent manner in these cells, albeit with considerably less potency than Res and Pter. These results indicate that stilbenes such as Res and Pter specifically and potently inhibit MTA1 and MTA1-associated proteins compared to GPE, which contains low concentrations of Res and mainly consists of other flavonoids and anthocyanidins. Our findings support continued interest in GPE as a chemopreventive and anti-cancer agent against prostate cancer but also emphasize the unique and specific properties of stilbenes on MTA1-mediated anticancer effects on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Melinee D'silva
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Kshiti Dholakia
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Anait S Levenson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA.
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Zhu M, Wu J, Ma X, Huang C, Wu R, Zhu W, Li X, Liang Z, Deng F, Zhu J, Xie W, Yang X, Jiang Y, Wang S, Geng S, Xie C, Zhong C. Butyl benzyl phthalate promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation through miR-34a downregulation. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:82-88. [PMID: 30243731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men. Phthalate esters are a class of environmental endocrine disruptors and were reported to be cancer promoting agents, however the potential role of phthalate esters in prostate cancer has been rarely reported. Mounting evidence has shown that miR-34a is a master tumor suppressor miRNA in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), one of the typical phthalate esters, in cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells were exposed to low dose of BBP for 6 days. The results showed that 10-6 and 10-7 mol/L BBP increased the expression of cyclinD1 and PCNA, decreased p21 expression, and induced cell growth in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Furthermore, we found that BBP significantly downregulated the expression of miR-34a, along with upregulation of miR-34a target gene c-myc. Using cell tranfection of miR-34a mimic and inhibitor, we demonstrated that BBP promoted cell proliferation through miR-34a/c-myc axis in prostate cancer cells. Findings from this study could provide new insight into the involvement and the molecular mechanism of phthalate esters on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Feifei Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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33
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Murtola TJ, Kasurinen TVJ, Talala K, Taari K, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A. Serum cholesterol and prostate cancer risk in the Finnish randomized study of screening for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 22:66-76. [PMID: 30214034 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia has been associated with advanced stage prostate cancer (PCa), but the role of lipid parameters such as HDL and triglycerides is unclear. We examined PCa risk by lipid parameters in a population nested within the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC). METHODS Cholesterol measurements were available on 17,696 men. During the 17-year median follow-up, 2404 PCa cases were diagnosed. Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for overall PCa risk and stratified by Gleason grade and tumor stage. We compared normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic men on four cholesterol parameters total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and triglycerides (TG), analyzed as time-dependent variables. RESULTS TC in the highest tertile (above 5.1 mmol/l) and LDL above 3 mmol/l were associated with increased risk of Gleason 8-10 cancer (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.95 and HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.86, respectively). Further, overall PCa risk was elevated in the 3-year lag time analysis by TC in the highest two tertiles (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05-1.54 for TC above 4.4 mmol/l, and HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.51 for TC above 5.1 mmol/l) and HDL in the highest tertile (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.64) and above 1 mmol/l (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.65). In contrast, TC in the highest tertile was associated with a decreased risk of PCa with 20-year lag time. The risk associations for overall PCa grew stronger with added lag time but were observed only in the FinRSPC control arm. Statin use did not modify the risk association. CONCLUSIONS Hypercholesterolemia may increase overall PCa risk in short-term, inverse risk association was observed with 20-years' time lag. Similar risk increase of overall PCa was also observed for elevated HDL, conflicting with previous findings on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tatu V J Kasurinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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You W, Henneberg M. Prostate Cancer Incidence is Correlated to Total Meat Intake– a Cross-National Ecologic Analysis of 172 Countries. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2229-2239. [PMID: 30139230 PMCID: PMC6171413 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association of total meat (animal flesh) consumption to prostate cancer incidence (PC61) at population level. Subjects and Methods: Data from 172 countries were extracted for analysis. Associations between country specific per capita total meat intake and PC61 incidence at country level were examined using Pearson’s r and Spearman rho, partial correlation, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses with ageing, GDP, Is (index of magnitude of prostate cancer gene accumulation at population level), obesity prevalence and urbanization included as the confounding factors. Countries were also grouped for regional association analysis. The data were log-transformed for analysis in SPSS. Microsoft Excel, and ANOVA Post hoc Scheffe tests were applied to calculate and compare mean differences between country groupings. Results: Worldwide, total meat intake was strongly and positively associated with PC61 incidence in Pearson’s r (r= 0.595, p<0.001) and Spearman rho (r= 0.637, p<0.001) analyses. This relationship remained significant in partial correlation (r= 0.295, p<0.001) when ageing, GDP, Is, obesity prevalence and urbanization were kept statistically constant. GDP was weakly and insignificantly associated with PC61 when total meat intake was kept statistically constant. Stepwise multiple linear regression identified that total meat was a significant predictor of PC61 with total meat intake and all the five confounders included as the independent variables (R2=0.417). Post hoc Scheffe tests revealed nine significant mean differences of PC61 between the six WHO regions, but all disappeared when the contributing effect of total meat on PC61 incidence rate was removed. GDP was not identified as the statistically significant predictor of PC61 in either of the models including or excluding total meat as the independent variable. Conclusions: Total meat intake is an independent predictor of PC61 worldwide, and the determinant of regional variation of PC61. The longitudinal cohort studies are proposed to explore the association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng You
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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35
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Hayashi T, Fujita K, Nojima S, Hayashi Y, Nakano K, Ishizuya Y, Wang C, Yamamoto Y, Kinouchi T, Matsuzaki K, Jingushi K, Kato T, Kawashima A, Nagahara A, Ujike T, Uemura M, Pena MDCR, Gordetsky JB, Morii E, Tsujikawa K, Netto GJ, Nonomura N. High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation Accelerates Prostate Cancer Growth via IL6 Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4309-4318. [PMID: 29776955 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: High-fat diet (HFD) could induce prostate cancer progression. The aim of this study is to identify mechanisms of HFD-induced prostate cancer progression, focusing on inflammation.Experimental Design: We administered HFD and celecoxib to autochthonous immunocompetent Pb-Cre+;Pten(fl/fl) model mice for prostate cancer. Tumor growth was evaluated by tumor weight and Ki67 stain, and local immune cells were assessed by flow cytometry at 22 weeks of age. Cytokines which correlated with tumor growth were identified, and the changes of tumor growth and local immune cells after inhibition of the cytokine signals were evaluated in the mice. IHC analyses using prostatectomy specimens of obese patients were performed.Results: HFD accelerated tumor growth and increased the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) fraction and M2/M1 macrophage ratio in the model mice. Celecoxib-suppressed tumor growth, and decreased both local MDSCs and M2/M1 macrophage ratio in HFD-fed mice. HFD-induced tumor growth was associated with IL6 secreted by prostatic macrophages, as were phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3)-positive tumor cells. Anti-IL6 receptor antibody administration suppressed tumor growth, and decreased local MDSCs and pSTAT3-positive cell fractions in HFD-fed mice. The tumor-infiltrating CD11b-positive cell count was significantly higher in prostatectomy specimens of obese than those of nonobese patients with prostate cancer.Conclusions: HFD increased MDSCs and accelerated prostate cancer tumor growth via IL6/pSTAT3 signaling in the mice. This mechanism could exist in obese patients with prostate cancer. IL6-mediated inflammation could be a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4309-18. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yu Ishizuya
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kinouchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Urologic Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Urologic Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suita, Japan
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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36
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Pascual-Geler M, Urquiza-Salvat N, Cozar JM, Robles-Fernandez I, Rivas A, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Lorente JA, Alvarez-Cubero MJ. The influence of nutritional factors on prostate cancer incidence and aggressiveness. Aging Male 2018; 21:31-39. [PMID: 28929838 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1379491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence for a link between nutrition, lifestyle and prostate cancer (PCa) development and/or progression of disease. The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary factors and PCa incidence and aggressiveness in a case-control study. After the analysis of the anatomic pathology, subjects were classified in patients with PCa (n = 157) and controls (n = 158). Clinical data including Gleason score, PSA values and biopsy results, were compiled. Frequencies of food consumption and sociodemographic data were also obtained. The results showed that physical activity was significantly higher in control (p < .022). It was also found that some nutritional habits offer a protective effect among studied subjects, like high nuts (p = .041) and fish (p = .041) intakes. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in risk (p = .029) in cases with a higher fruits and vegetables intakes. A decreased risk of aggressive PCa was associated with fruits, vegetables, legumes and fish intakes. However, these relationships were not statistically significant when data were adjusted for covariates. In conclusion, this study found an inverse association between PCa risk and the intake of fruits and vegetables, fish and nuts. The results suggested that a diet with higher intakes of these foods as Mediterranean diet may lower the risk of PCa in the studied population. As dietary factors are modifiable, identifying food groups or dietary patterns that modulate the risk of PCa and its aggressiveness can offer effective and practical strategies for its primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Urquiza-Salvat
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- a Service of Urology , University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves , Granada , Spain
| | - Inmaculada Robles-Fernandez
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
- e Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
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37
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Hoang VD, Lee AH, Pham NM, Xu D, Binns CW. Habitual Tea Consumption Reduces Prostate Cancer Risk in Vietnamese Men: a Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4939-4944. [PMID: 28032720 PMCID: PMC5454700 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.11.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An upward trend has been noted for the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in Vietnam, but information
is limited on modifiable factors associated with this form of cancer. This case-control study was conducted to ascertain
any relationship between habitual tea consumption and PCa risk. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-three
incident patients with histologically confirmed PCa and 419 (340 community-based and 79 hospital-based) controls,
matched by age, were recruited in Ho Chi Minh City during 2013-2015. Information on frequency, quantity and
duration of tea consumption, together with demographics, habitual diet and lifestyle characteristics, was obtained by
direct interviews using a validated questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations
between tea consumption variables and PCa risk. Results: The control subjects reported higher tea consumption levels
in terms of cumulative exposure, frequency and quantity of tea drank than the PCa patients. After accounting for
confounding factors, increasing tea consumption was found to be associated with reduced risk of PCa. The adjusted
odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.52 (95% CI 0.35-0.79) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.18-0.48) for participants
drinking 100-500 ml/day and > 500 ml/day, respectively, relative to those drinking < 100 ml/day. Significant inverse
dose-response relationships were also observed for years of drinking and number of cups consumed daily (P <0.01).
Conclusion: Habitual tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of PCa in Vietnamese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Dong Hoang
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia,National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1-Yersin Street, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia,Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 284-Luong Ngoc Quyen Street, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam,For Correspondence:
| | - Dan Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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38
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Bylsma LC, Alexander DD. A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat, meat cooking methods, heme iron, heterocyclic amines and prostate cancer. Nutr J 2015; 14:125. [PMID: 26689289 PMCID: PMC4687294 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a significant public health concern among men in the U.S. and worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have generally produced inconclusive results for dietary risk factors for prostate cancer, including consumption of red and processed meats. We aimed to update a previous meta-analysis of prospective cohorts of red and processed meats and prostate cancer with the inclusion of new and updated cohort studies, as well as evaluate meat cooking methods, heme iron, and heterocyclic amine (HCA) intake exposure data. A comprehensive literature search was performed and 26 publications from 19 different cohort studies were included. Random effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) for high vs. low exposure categories. Additionally, meta-regression analyses and stratified intake analyses were conducted to evaluate dose-response relationships. The SRREs for total prostate cancer and total red meat consumption, fresh red meat consumption, and processed meat consumption were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.92-1.12), 1.06 (95% CI: 0.97-1.16), and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01-1.10), respectively. Analyses were also conducted for the outcomes of non-advanced, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer when sufficient data were available, but these analyses did not produce significant results. No significant SRREs were observed for any of the meat cooking methods, HCA, or heme iron analyses. Dose-response analyses did not reveal significant patterns of associations between red or processed meat and prostate cancer. In conclusion, the results from our analyses do not support an association between red meat or processed consumption and prostate cancer, although we observed a weak positive summary estimate for processed meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Bylsma
- EpidStat Institute, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite 203, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dominik D Alexander
- EpidStat Institute, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd, Suite 203, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- EpidStat Institute, Bothell, WA, USA.
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39
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Niclis C, Román MD, Osella AR, Eynard AR, Díaz MDP. Traditional Dietary Pattern Increases Risk of Prostate Cancer in Argentina: Results of a Multilevel Modeling and Bias Analysis from a Case-Control Study. J Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 2015:179562. [PMID: 26649040 PMCID: PMC4663343 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dietary habits play a role in prostate cancer (PC) occurrence. Argentinean cancer risk studies require additional attention because of the singular dietary pattern of this population. A case-control study (147 PC cases, 300 controls) was conducted in Córdoba (Argentina) throughout 2008-2013. A principal component factor analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. A mixed logistic regression model was applied, taking into account family history of cancer. Possible bias was evaluated by probabilistic bias analysis. Four dietary patterns were identified: Traditional (fatty red meats, offal, processed meat, starchy vegetables, added sugars and sweets, candies, fats, and vegetable oils), Prudent (nonstarchy vegetables, whole grains), Carbohydrate (sodas/juices and bakery products), and Cheese (cheeses). High adherence to the Traditional (OR 2.82, 95%CI: 1.569-5.099) and Carbohydrate Patterns (OR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.470-3.128) showed a promoting effect for PC, whereas the Prudent and Cheese Patterns were independent factors. PC occurrence was also associated with family history of PC. Bias adjusted ORs indicate that the validity of the present study is acceptable. High adherence to characteristic Argentinean dietary patterns was associated with increased PC risk. Our results incorporate original contributions to knowledge about scenarios in South American dietary patterns and PC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Niclis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D. Román
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alberto R. Osella
- Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “Saverio de Bellis”, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo R. Eynard
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María del Pilar Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre Esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Pascual-Geler M, Rivas A, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Saiz M, Lorente JA, Cozar JM. Lifestyle and dietary factors in relation to prostate cancer risk. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:805-10. [PMID: 26327471 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1077786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the socio-demographic, lifestyle factors, and dietary habits with the risk of prostate cancer (PC) in a case-control study of Spanish men. None of the socio-demographic, lifestyle or dietetic variables was found predictors of PC risk. Body mass index was associated with an increased risk for aggressive PC and fruit consumption with lower Gleason scores, thus less aggressive cancers. Nonetheless, after applying Bonferroni correction, these variables were not still associated with PC aggressiveness. More adequately, powered epidemiological studies that measure the effect of lifestyle and dietary intake in PC risk and aggressiveness are warranted to further elucidate the role of these modifiable factors on PC etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- a Laboratory of Genetic Identification , Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain .,b GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research) , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Ana Rivas
- d Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja , Granada , Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- b GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research) , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Saiz
- a Laboratory of Genetic Identification , Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- a Laboratory of Genetic Identification , Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain .,b GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research) , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- c Service of Urology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves , Granada , Spain , and
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Xu C, Han FF, Zeng XT, Liu TZ, Li S, Gao ZY. Fat Intake Is Not Linked to Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131747. [PMID: 26186528 PMCID: PMC4505895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the late 1960s, the average global supply of fat has increased by 20 g per capita per day. While fat intake has been considered a potential risk factor for prostate cancer (Pca), the hypothesis from previous epidemiologic studies remained equivocal. Materials and Methods Relevant cohort studies were identified through a literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library up to March 1, 2015. A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis were used to assess the relationship between fat intake and the risk for Pca. Results We identified 14 cohort studies, which included 37,349 cases and a total of 751,030 participants. We found no evidence of a non-linear association between fat intake and the risk for Pca. Overall, the summarized relative risks for every 28.35 g increment a day was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.98, 1.01; P=0.94; n=13) for total fat intake, 1.00 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.00; P=0.72; n=9) for saturated fat, 0.99 (95%CI: 0.95, 1.03; P=0.55; n=7) for polyunsaturated fat, and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.95, 1.04; P=0.85; n=8) for monounsaturated fat. Additionally, there was no link to the risk for advanced stage Pca regarding total fat intake (RR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.96, 1.08; P=0.63; n=5), saturated fat (RR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.84, 1.11; P=0.61; n=6), polyunsaturated fat (RR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.79, 1.17; P=0.68; n=6), or monounsaturated fat (RR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.86, 1.07; P=0.42; n=6). Subgroup and sensitively analyses showed consistent results. Conclusion Little evidence from published cohort studies supports the statement that total fat, saturated fat or unsaturated fat intake increases the risk for Pca or advanced stage Pca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Fang Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong-Zu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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HU ZHIMEI, QI HAIXIA, ZHANG RUIXUE, ZHANG KUN, SHI ZHEMIN, CHANG YANAN, CHEN LINFENG, ESMAEILI MOHSEN, BANIAHMAD ARIA, HONG WEI. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits the growth of hormone-dependent prostate cancer cells by promoting the degradation of the androgen receptor. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3769-3774. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bernichtein S, Pigat N, Capiod T, Boutillon F, Verkarre V, Camparo P, Viltard M, Méjean A, Oudard S, Souberbielle JC, Friedlander G, Goffin V. High milk consumption does not affect prostate tumor progression in two mouse models of benign and neoplastic lesions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125423. [PMID: 25938513 PMCID: PMC4418739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies that have investigated whether dairy (mainly milk) diets are associated with prostate cancer risk have led to controversial conclusions. In addition, no existing study clearly evaluated the effects of dairy/milk diets on prostate tumor progression, which is clinically highly relevant in view of the millions of men presenting with prostate pathologies worldwide, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). We report here a unique interventional animal study to address this issue. We used two mouse models of fully penetrant genetically-induced prostate tumorigenesis that were investigated at the stages of benign hyperplasia (probasin-Prl mice, Pb-Prl) or pre-cancerous PIN lesions (KIMAP mice). Mice were fed high milk diets (skim or whole) for 15 to 27 weeks of time depending on the kinetics of prostate tumor development in each model. Prostate tumor progression was assessed by tissue histopathology examination, epithelial proliferation, stromal inflammation and fibrosis, tumor invasiveness potency and expression of various tumor markers relevant for each model (c-Fes, Gprc6a, activated Stat5 and p63). Our results show that high milk consumption (either skim or whole) did not promote progression of existing prostate tumors when assessed at early stages of tumorigenesis (hyperplasia and neoplasia). For some parameters, and depending on milk type, milk regimen could even exhibit slight protective effects towards prostate tumor progression by decreasing the expression of tumor-related markers like Ki-67 and Gprc6a. In conclusion, our study suggests that regular milk consumption should not be considered detrimental for patients presenting with early-stage prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bernichtein
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Florence Boutillon
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Camparo
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Viltard
- Institute for European Expertise in Physiology, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Méjean
- Urology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Medical Oncology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Phosphate Homeostasis Laboratory, Paris, France
- Physiology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Friedlander
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Phosphate Homeostasis Laboratory, Paris, France
- Physiology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Saffarini CM, McDonnell-Clark EV, Amin A, Huse SM, Boekelheide K. Developmental exposure to estrogen alters differentiation and epigenetic programming in a human fetal prostate xenograft model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122290. [PMID: 25799167 PMCID: PMC4370592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent non-cutaneous malignancy in men. There is strong evidence in rodents that neonatal estrogen exposure plays a role in the development of this disease. However, there is little information regarding the effects of estrogen in human fetal prostate tissue. This study explored early life estrogen exposure, with and without a secondary estrogen and testosterone treatment in a human fetal prostate xenograft model. Histopathological lesions, proliferation, and serum hormone levels were evaluated at 7, 30, 90, and 200-day time-points after xenografting. The expression of 40 key genes involved in prostatic glandular and stromal growth, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, hormone receptors and tumor suppressors was evaluated using a custom PCR array. Epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation was performed on whole tissue, and laser capture-microdissection (LCM) isolated epithelial and stromal compartments of 200-day prostate xenografts. Combined initial plus secondary estrogenic exposures had the most severe tissue changes as revealed by the presence of hyperplastic glands at day 200. Gene expression changes corresponded with the cellular events in the KEGG prostate cancer pathway, indicating that initial plus secondary exposure to estrogen altered the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in apoptosis inhibition and an increase in cell cycle progression. DNA methylation revealed that differentially methylated CpG sites significantly predominate in the stromal compartment as a result of estrogen-treatment, thereby providing new targets for future investigation. By using human fetal prostate tissue and eliminating the need for species extrapolation, this study provides novel insights into the gene expression and epigenetic effects related to prostate carcinogenesis following early life estrogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia M. Saffarini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth V. McDonnell-Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ali Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Huse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hussain SS, Patel D, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Extracting the Benefit of Nexrutine® for Cancer Prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:365-372. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Saffarini CM, McDonnell-Clark EV, Amin A, Boekelheide K. A human fetal prostate xenograft model of developmental estrogenization. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:119-28. [PMID: 25633637 PMCID: PMC4409475 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815569364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common disease in older men. Rodent models have demonstrated that an early and later-life exposure to estrogen can lead to cancerous lesions and implicated hormonal dysregulation as an avenue for developing future prostate neoplasia. This study utilizes a human fetal prostate xenograft model to study the role of estrogen in the progression of human disease. Histopathological lesions were assessed in 7-, 30-, 90-, 200-, and 400-day human prostate xenografts. Gene expression for cell cycle, tumor suppressors, and apoptosis-related genes (ie, CDKN1A, CASP9, ESR2, PTEN, and TP53) was performed for 200-day estrogen-treated xenografts. Glandular hyperplasia was observed in xenografts given both an initial and secondary exposure to estradiol in both 200- and 400-day xenografts. Persistent estrogenic effects were verified using immunohistochemical markers for cytokeratin 10, p63, and estrogen receptor α. This model provides data on the histopathological state of the human prostate following estrogenic treatment, which can be utilized in understanding the complicated pathology associated with prostatic disease and early and later-life estrogenic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia M Saffarini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ali Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Bae JM. Human papillomavirus 16 infection as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer: an adaptive meta-analysis. Epidemiol Health 2015; 37:e2015005. [PMID: 25687950 PMCID: PMC4371392 DOI: 10.4178/epih/e2015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although an expert review published in 2013 concluded that an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and prostate cancer (PCa) risk had not yet been firmly established, a 2011 systematic review of 14 articles revealed an increased prevalence of HPV-16 DNA in PCa tissues. Another meta-analysis of the related articles is needed to evaluate the potential link between HPV infection and PCa risk. METHODS A snowballing search strategy was applied to the previously cited articles in the above-mentioned expert review and systematic review. Additional articles selected for this meta-analysis should fulfill all following inclusion criteria: (a) evaluation of detected HPV-16 DNA in tissue samples and the PCa risk and (b) report of the HPV-16 prevalence in both cancer and control tissues. Estimated summary odds ratios (sOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed effect or random-effect models. RESULTS Hand searching identified 16 new articles. The sOR of the total 30 articles indicated a significant HPV-16 infection-related increase in the PCa risk (sOR, 1.851; 95% CI, 1.353 to 2.532, I(2)=37.82%). CONCLUSIONS These facts provide additional supportive evidence for a causal role of HPV-16 infection in prostate carcinogenesis. As the PCa incidence rates have increased rapidly in Asian countries, including Korea, during the last several decades, further studies of HPV-related PCa carcinogenesis may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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48
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The role of dietary fat throughout the prostate cancer trajectory. Nutrients 2014; 6:6095-109. [PMID: 25533015 PMCID: PMC4277017 DOI: 10.3390/nu6126095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed world-wide; however, patients demonstrate exceptionally high survival rates. Many lifestyle factors, including obesity and diet, are considered risk factors for advanced prostate cancer. Dietary fat is a fundamental contributor to obesity and may be specifically important for prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer treatment can result in changes in body composition, affecting quality of life for survivors by increasing the risk of co-morbidities, like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We aim to examine dietary fat throughout the prostate cancer treatment trajectory, including risk, cancer development and survivorship. Focusing on one specific nutrient throughout the prostate cancer trajectory provides a unique perspective of dietary fat in prostate cancer and the mechanisms that may exacerbate prostate cancer risk, progression and recurrence. Through this approach, we noted that high intake of dietary fat, especially, high intake of animal and saturated fats, may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk. In contrast, a low-fat diet, specifically low in saturated fat, may be beneficial for prostate cancer survivors by reducing tumor angiogenesis and cancer recurrence. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/Akt signaling pathway appears to be the key pathway moderating dietary fat intake and prostate cancer development and progression.
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Mróz LW, Robertson S. Gender relations and couple negotiations of British men's food practice changes after prostate cancer. Appetite 2014; 84:113-9. [PMID: 25305464 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in the health of men diagnosed with prostate cancer and dietary interventions can therefore be a significant part of prostate cancer survivorship supportive care. Family food provision, however, involves complex social interactions, which shape how men engage with their diets and dietary interventions. The role that gender plays in shaping prostate cancer couples' food practices and men's diets after a prostate cancer diagnosis is thought to be important but is little understood. This study explored couples' accounts of nutrition information seeking and diet change to gain a better understanding of how gender relations shaped men's food practices after prostate cancer diagnosis. Qualitative health interviews with men and their partners were conducted and analysed using interpretive descriptive methods. Findings demonstrated how couples navigated food change journeys that involved seeking information, deciding what changes were warranted and implementing and regulating diet changes. Two overarching themes that illustrated couples' food negotiations were called 'Seeking information and deciding on food changes' and 'Monitoring food changes'. Additional sub-themes described who led food changes, women's filtering of information, and moderation or 'treats'. Throughout these food change journeys, interactions between men and women were at play, demonstrating how gender relations and dynamics acted to shape couples' food negotiations and men's food practices. Findings reveal that attention to gender relations and the men's family food dynamics should inform diet interventions for men with prostate cancer in order to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Mróz
- Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Beckett University, Rm 512, Calverley Building, City Campus, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK.
| | - Steven Robertson
- Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Beckett University, Rm 512, Calverley Building, City Campus, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
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Mandair D, Rossi RE, Pericleous M, Whyand T, Caplin ME. Prostate cancer and the influence of dietary factors and supplements: a systematic review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:30. [PMID: 24976856 PMCID: PMC4073189 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer worldwide after lung cancer. There is increasing evidence that diet and lifestyle plays a crucial role in prostate cancer biology and tumourigenesis. Prostate cancer itself represents a good model of cancer in which to look for chemopreventive agents due to the high disease prevalence, slowly progressive nature, and long latency period. Dietary agents have gained considerable attention, often receiving much publicity in the media. Aim To review the key evidence available for potential chemopreventive nutrients. Methods The methodology for this review involved a PubMed search from 1990 to 2013 using the key-words “diet and prostate cancer”, “nutrition and prostate cancer”, “dietary factors and prostate cancer”, “prostate cancer epidemiology”, “prostate cancer prevention”, “prostate cancer progression”. Results Red meat, dietary fat and milk intake should be minimised as they appear to increase the risk of prostate cancer. Fruit and vegetables and polyphenols may be preventive in prostate cancer, but further studies are needed to draw more solid conclusions and to clarify their role in patients with an established diagnosis of prostate cancer. Selenium and vitamin supplements cannot be advocated for the prevention of prostate cancer and indeed higher doses may be associated with a worse prognosis. There is no specific evidence regarding benefits of probiotics or prebiotics in prostate cancer. Conclusions From the wealth of evidence available, many recommendations can be made although more randomised control trials are required. These need to be carefully designed due to the many confounding factors and heterogeneity of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalvinder Mandair
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK ; Cancer Institute, University College London, Huntley Street, London, UK
| | - Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK ; Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant, Universita' degli Studi di Milano and Gastroenterology Unit II, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Pericleous
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Tara Whyand
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martyn Evan Caplin
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
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