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Dubé M, Tastet O, Dufour C, Sannier G, Brassard N, Delgado GG, Pagliuzza A, Richard C, Nayrac M, Routy JP, Prat A, Estes JD, Fromentin R, Chomont N, Kaufmann DE. Spontaneous HIV expression during suppressive ART is associated with the magnitude and function of HIV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1507-1522.e5. [PMID: 37708853 PMCID: PMC10542967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous transcription and translation of HIV can persist during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). The quantity, phenotype, and biological relevance of this spontaneously "active" reservoir remain unclear. Using multiplexed single-cell RNAflow-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we detect active HIV transcription in 14/18 people with HIV on suppressive ART, with a median of 28/million CD4+ T cells. While these cells predominantly exhibit abortive transcription, p24-expressing cells are evident in 39% of participants. Phenotypically diverse, active reservoirs are enriched in central memory T cells and CCR6- and activation-marker-expressing cells. The magnitude of the active reservoir positively correlates with total HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and with multiple HIV-specific T cell clusters identified by unsupervised analysis. These associations are particularly strong with p24-expressing active reservoir cells. Single-cell vDNA sequencing shows that active reservoirs are largely dominated by defective proviruses. Our data suggest that these reservoirs maintain HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T responses during suppressive ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Dubé
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Dufour
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gérémy Sannier
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Gloria-Gabrielle Delgado
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Corentin Richard
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illnesses Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre (CUSM), Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunopathology, Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Musumali J, Julius P, Siyumbwa SN, Yalcin D, Kang G, Munsaka S, West JT, Wood C. Systematic post-mortem analysis of brain tissue from an HIV-1 subtype C viremic decedent revealed a paucity of infection and pathology. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:527-536. [PMID: 36198990 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Whether the human brain is a robust reservoir for HIV-1 subtype C has yet to be established. We aimed to determine whether HIV-1 subtype C infection can be detected in the brain tissue of a viremic individual at post-mortem and whether the viral burden was differential between different brain regions. This study reports a 38-year-old Zambian female decedent with severe wasting who was on Atripla for antiretroviral therapy. The cause of death was determined to be HIV/AIDS end-stage disease. The QuantStudio 3 Real-Time PCR System analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA from a systematic sampling of the entire left-brain hemisphere. Plasma and cerebral spinal fluid HIV-1 RNA loads were 576,123 and 14,962 copies/mL, respectively. The lymph node DNA viral load was 2316 copies per 106 cells. Two hundred and six (96.3%) tissue blocks had amplifiable DNA. HIV-1 viral DNA was detected in 35.9% of the blocks, the highest in the basal ganglia (66.7%) and the frontal lobe (46%). Overall, HIV detection was random, with low viral copies detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); the lowest was observed in the occipital (median, IQR, range) 0.0 [0.0-0.0], 0.0-31.3, and the highest in the basal ganglia (mean ± SD, range, 125.1149.5, 0.0-350.0). Significant differences in HIV-1 DNA distribution were observed between the occipital versus parietal (p = 0.049), occipital versus frontal (p = 0.019), occipital versus basal ganglia (p = 0.005), cerebellum versus frontal (p = 0.021), cerebellum versus basal ganglia (p = 0.007), and temporal versus frontal (p = 0.034).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Musumali
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter Julius
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stepfanie N Siyumbwa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Dicle Yalcin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Guobin Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Sody Munsaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John T West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
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Reduction of CD8 T cell functionality but not inhibitory capacity by integrase inhibitors. J Virol 2022; 96:e0173021. [PMID: 35019724 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01730-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although HIV-specific CD8 T cells are effective in controlling HIV-infection, they fail to clear infection even in the presence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cure strategies such as "shock-and-kill". Little is known how ART is contributing to HIV-specific CD8 T cell function and the ability to clear HIV infection. Therefore, we first assessed the cytokine polyfunctionality and proliferation of CD8 T cells from ART-treated HIV+ individuals directly ex vivo and observed a decline in the multifunctional response as well as proliferation indices of these cells in individuals treated with integrase inhibitor (INSTI) based ART regimens compared to both protease inhibitor (PI) and non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) based regimens. We next co-cultured CD8 T cells with different drugs individually and were able to observe reduced functional properties with significantly decreased ability of CD8 T cells to express IFNγ, MIP1β and TNFα only after treatment with INSTI-based regimens. Furthermore, previously activated and INSTI-treated CD8 T cells demonstrated reduced capacity to express perforin and granzyme B compared to PI and NNRTI treated cells. Unexpectedly, CD8 T cells treated with dolutegravir showed a similar killing ability 7 dpi compared to emtricitabine or rilpivirine treated cells. We next used a live cell imaging assay to determine the migratory capacity of CD8 T cells. Only INSTI-treated cells showed less migratory activity after SDF-1α stimulation compared to NRTI regimens. Our data show that the choice of ART can have a significant impact on CD8 T cell effector functions, but the importance for potential eradication attempts is unknown. Importance Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI) are recommended by national and international guidelines as a key component of ART in the treatment of HIV-infected patients. In particular, their efficacy, tolerability and low drug-drug interaction profile have made them to the preferred choice as part of the first-line regimen in treatment-naïve individuals. Here, we demonstrate that the choice of ART can have a significant impact on function and metabolism of CD8 T cells. In summary, our study provides first evidence on a significant, negative impact on CD8 T cell effector functions in the presence of two INSTIs, dolutegravir and elvitegravir, which may contribute to the limited success of eradicating HIV-infected cells through "shock-and-kill" strategies. Although our findings are coherent with recent studies highlighting a possible role of dolutegravir in weight gain, further investigations are necessary to fully understand the impact of INSTI-based regimens on the health of the individual during antiretroviral therapy.
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Feng Z, Yang Z, Gao X, Xue Y, Wang X. Resveratrol Promotes HIV-1 Tat Accumulation via AKT/FOXO1 Signaling Axis and Potentiates Vorinostat to Antagonize HIV-1 Latency. Curr HIV Res 2021; 19:238-247. [PMID: 33461468 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x19666210118151249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The latent reservoir of HIV-1 is a major barrier to achieving the eradication of HIV-1/AIDS. One strategy is termed "shock and kill", which aims to awaken the latent HIV-1 using latency reversing agents (LRAs) to replicate and produce HIV-1 particles. Subsequently, the host cells containing HIV-1 can be recognized and eliminated by the immune response and anti-retroviral therapy. Although many LRAs have been found and tested, their clinical trials were dissatisfactory. OBJECTIVE To aim of the study was to investigate how resveratrol reactivates silent HIV-1 transcription and assess if resveratrol could be a candidate drug for the "shock" phase in "shock and kill" strategy. METHODS We used established HIV-1 transcription cell models (HeLa-based NH1 and NH2 cells) and HIV-1 latent cell models (J-Lat A72 and Jurkat 2D10 cells). We performed resveratrol treatment on these cell lines and studied the mechanism of how resveratrol stimulates HIV-1 gene transcription. We also tested resveratrol's bioactivity on primary cells isolated from HIV-1 latent infected patients. RESULTS Resveratrol promoted HIV-1 Tat protein levels, and resveratrol-induced Tat promotion was found to be dependent on the AKT/FOXO1 signaling axis. Resveratrol could partially dissociate P-TEFb (Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b) from 7SK snRNP (7SK small nuclear Ribonucleoprotein) and promote Tat-SEC (Super Elongation Complex) interaction. Preclinical studies showed that resveratrol potentiated Vorinostat to awaken HIV-1 latency in HIV-1 latent infected cells isolated from patients. CONCLUSION We found a new mechanism of resveratrol stimulating the production of HIV-1. Resveratrol could be a promising candidate drug to eradicate HIV-1 reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Feng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Suryawanshi P, Bagul R, Shete A, Thakar M. Anti-HIV-1 ADCC and HIV-1 Env Can Be Partners in Reducing Latent HIV Reservoir. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663919. [PMID: 33995393 PMCID: PMC8119992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Persistence of HIV reservoir even in suppressive ART is the key obstacle in HIV-1 cure. We evaluated the ability of HIV-1 C Env to reactivate the latently infected resting memory CD4 cells and the ability of polyclonal HIV antibodies mediating ADCC to lyse the reactivated targets. Methodology HIV-1 antibodies from 25 HIV infected individuals (14 ADCC responders and 11 non-responders) were tested against the Env-C reactivated primary cells; CD4+ and CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells in the presence of autologous or heterologous effector cells using multicolor flow cytometry. The frequencies of p24+ve target cells were measured to determine the reactivation and antibody mediated lysis. Results Increase in the frequency of p24 expressing cells (P < 0.01 in all cases) after Env-C stimulation of target cells indicated reactivation. When these reactivated targets were mixed with effector cells and HIV-1 antibodies, the frequencies of p24 expressing targets were decreased significantly when the ADCC mediating antibodies (P < 0.01 in all cases) were added but not when the antibodies from ADCC non-responders or HIV negative individuals were added. In parallel, the NK cell activation was also increased only when ADCC mediating antibodies were added. Conclusion The study showed that the HIV-1 Env could act as latency reversal agent (LRA), and only ADCC mediating antibodies could lyse the reactivated HIV reservoirs. The short stimulation cycle used in this study could be useful in testing LRAs as well as immune mediated lysis of reactivated reservoirs. The observations have further implication in designing antibody mediated immunotherapy for eradication of latent HIV reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Suryawanshi
- Deaprtment of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Rajani Bagul
- Deaprtment of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Ashwini Shete
- Deaprtment of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Madhuri Thakar
- Deaprtment of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
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Okafo G, Valdebenito S, Donoso M, Luu R, Ajasin D, Prideaux B, Gorantla S, Eugenin EA. Role of Tunneling Nanotube-like Structures during the Early Events of HIV Infection: Novel Features of Tissue Compartmentalization and Mechanism of HIV Spread. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2726-2741. [PMID: 33037140 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HIV has become a chronic disease despite the effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the mechanisms of tissue colonization, viral evolution, generation of viral reservoirs, and compartmentalization are still a matter of debate due to the challenges involved in examining early events of infection at the cellular and molecular level. Thus, there is still an urgent need to explore these areas to develop effective HIV cure strategies. In this study, we describe the early events of tissue colonization and compartmentalization as well as the role of tunneling nanotube-like structures during viral spread in the presence and absence of effective antiretroviral treatment. To examine these mechanisms, NOD/SCID IL-2 RG-/- humanized mice were either directly infected with HIVADA or with low numbers of HIVADA-infected leukocytes to limit tissue colonization in the presence and absence of TAK779, an effective CCR5 blocker of HIV entry. We identify that viral seeding in tissues occurs early in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner (24-72 h). Reduction in systemic HIV replication by TAK779 treatment did not affect tissue seeding or spreading, despite reduced systemic viral replication. Tissue-associated HIV-infected cells had different properties than cells in the circulation because the virus continues to spread in tissues in a tunneling nanotube-like structure-dependent manner, despite ART. Thus, understanding these mechanisms can provide new approaches to enhance the efficacy of existing ART and HIV infection cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Okafo
- GO Pharma Consulting Ltd., Welwyn AL6 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Maribel Donoso
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - David Ajasin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
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Stoszko M, Al-Hatmi AMS, Skriba A, Roling M, Ne E, Crespo R, Mueller YM, Najafzadeh MJ, Kang J, Ptackova R, LeMasters E, Biswas P, Bertoldi A, Kan TW, de Crignis E, Sulc M, Lebbink JH, Rokx C, Verbon A, van Ijcken W, Katsikis PD, Palstra RJ, Havlicek V, de Hoog S, Mahmoudi T. Gliotoxin, identified from a screen of fungal metabolites, disrupts 7SK snRNP, releases P-TEFb, and reverses HIV-1 latency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6617. [PMID: 32851167 PMCID: PMC7423394 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A leading pharmacological strategy toward HIV cure requires "shock" or activation of HIV gene expression in latently infected cells with latency reversal agents (LRAs) followed by their subsequent clearance. In a screen for novel LRAs, we used fungal secondary metabolites as a source of bioactive molecules. Using orthogonal mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to latency reversal bioassays, we identified gliotoxin (GTX) as a novel LRA. GTX significantly induced HIV-1 gene expression in latent ex vivo infected primary cells and in CD4+ T cells from all aviremic HIV-1+ participants. RNA sequencing identified 7SK RNA, the scaffold of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) inhibitory 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex, to be significantly reduced upon GTX treatment of CD4+ T cells. GTX directly disrupted 7SK snRNP by targeting La-related protein 7 (LARP7), releasing active P-TEFb, which phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD), inducing HIV transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Stoszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud UMC/CWZ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri, Oman
| | - Anton Skriba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Roling
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Ne
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Joyce Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring/Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Guizhou Talent Base of Microbes and Human Health, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Renata Ptackova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth LeMasters
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pritha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alessia Bertoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa de Crignis
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miroslav Sulc
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Joyce H.G. Lebbink
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred van Ijcken
- Erasmus MC Genomics Core Facility, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Havlicek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud UMC/CWZ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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Crespo R, Rokx C, Mahmoudi T. Towards the next step: LoViRet patients for HIV-1 cure studies. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102889. [PMID: 32702640 PMCID: PMC7374239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rg-530, PO BOC 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Nguyen S, Deleage C, Darko S, Ransier A, Truong DP, Agarwal D, Japp AS, Wu VH, Kuri-Cervantes L, Abdel-Mohsen M, Del Rio Estrada PM, Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Gostick E, Hoxie JA, Zhang NR, Naji A, Reyes-Terán G, Estes JD, Price DA, Douek DC, Deeks SG, Buggert M, Betts MR. Elite control of HIV is associated with distinct functional and transcriptional signatures in lymphoid tissue CD8 + T cells. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaax4077. [PMID: 31852798 PMCID: PMC7265335 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The functional properties of circulating CD8+ T cells have been associated with immune control of HIV. However, viral replication occurs predominantly in secondary lymphoid tissues, such as lymph nodes (LNs). We used an integrated single-cell approach to characterize effective HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in the LNs of elite controllers (ECs), defined as individuals who suppress viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Higher frequencies of total memory and follicle-homing HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in the LNs of ECs compared with the LNs of chronic progressors (CPs) who were not receiving ART. Moreover, HIV-specific CD8+ T cells potently suppressed viral replication without demonstrable cytolytic activity in the LNs of ECs, which harbored substantially lower amounts of CD4+ T cell-associated HIV DNA and RNA compared with the LNs of CPs. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses further revealed a distinct transcriptional signature among HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from the LNs of ECs, typified by the down-regulation of inhibitory receptors and cytolytic molecules and the up-regulation of multiple cytokines, predicted secreted factors, and components of the protein translation machinery. Collectively, these results provide a mechanistic framework to expedite the identification of novel antiviral factors, highlighting a potential role for the localized deployment of noncytolytic functions as a determinant of immune efficacy against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Duc P Truong
- Department of Mathematics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA
| | - Divyansh Agarwal
- Department of Statistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alberto Sada Japp
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vincent H Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Perla M Del Rio Estrada
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James A Hoxie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy R Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Wallet C, De Rovere M, Van Assche J, Daouad F, De Wit S, Gautier V, Mallon PWG, Marcello A, Van Lint C, Rohr O, Schwartz C. Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:362. [PMID: 31709195 PMCID: PMC6821723 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efficient combination of the antiretroviral therapy (cART), which significantly decreased mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infection, a definitive HIV cure has not been achieved. Hidden HIV-1 in cellular and anatomic reservoirs is the major hurdle toward a functional cure. Microglial cells, the Central Nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages, are one of the major cellular reservoirs of latent HIV-1. These cells are believed to be involved in the emergence of drugs resistance and reseeding peripheral tissues. Moreover, these long-life reservoirs are also involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive diseases (HAND). Clearing these infected cells from the brain is therefore crucial to achieve a cure. However, many characteristics of microglial cells and the CNS hinder the eradication of these brain reservoirs. Better understandings of the specific molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency in microglial cells should help to design new molecules and new strategies preventing HAND and achieving HIV cure. Moreover, new strategies are needed to circumvent the limitations associated to anatomical sanctuaries with barriers such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) that reduce the access of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Wallet
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Marco De Rovere
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Jeanne Van Assche
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Fadoua Daouad
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Stéphane De Wit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Gautier
- UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W G Mallon
- UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Olivier Rohr
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
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11
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Modeling HIV-1 Latency Using Primary CD4 + T Cells from Virally Suppressed HIV-1-Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02248-18. [PMID: 30918072 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02248-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The low frequency of latently HIV-infected cells in vivo limits the testing of potential HIV cure strategies using cells from successfully suppressed individuals. To date, primary cell models of latency use cells infected in vitro Primary CD4+ T cell models carrying an individual's endogenous HIV reservoir that recapitulate in vivo conditions of HIV latency are still outstanding. We developed a primary CD4+ T cell model of HIV latency derived from memory CD4+ T cells isolated from virally suppressed HIV-infected individuals that recapitulates HIV-1 latency and viral reactivation events. This model is based on the expansion of primary CD4+ T cells up to 300-fold in cell number. These cells reestablish a resting state without active virus production after extended culture and maintain a stable number of total HIV proviruses. The ability of these cells to respond to various classes of latency-reversing agents is similar to that of ex vivo CD4+ T cells directly isolated from blood. Importantly, viral outgrowth assays confirmed the ability of these expanded cells to produce replication-competent endogenous virus. In sum, this model recapitulates ex vivo viral reactivation conditions, captures the variability between individuals with different HIV reservoirs, and provides large numbers of cells for testing multiple agents from a single donor. The use of this novel model will allow accurate exploration of novel cure approaches aimed either at promoting viral reactivation or maintaining sustained latency.IMPORTANCE Primary cell models of HIV latency have been very useful to identify mechanisms contributing to HIV latency and to evaluate potential HIV cure strategies. However, the current models utilize in vitro infection with exogenous virus that does not fully recapitulate virus reactivation profiles of endogenous HIV in in vivo-infected CD4+ T cells. In contrast, obtaining sufficient amounts of CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals to interrogate the HIV reservoir in vitro requires leukapheresis. In the model we propose here, in vitro expansion and extended culture of primary CD4+ T cells isolated from virally suppressed HIV-infected individuals enable obtaining large numbers of cells harboring endogenous latent HIV reservoirs without performing leukapheresis. This model captures the variability of HIV reservoirs seeded in different individuals and should be useful to evaluate future HIV cure strategies.
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12
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Kuse N, Sun X, Akahoshi T, Lissina A, Yamamoto T, Appay V, Takiguchi M. Priming of HIV-1-specific CD8 + T cells with strong functional properties from naïve T cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:109-119. [PMID: 30956171 PMCID: PMC6491959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells are required for immune suppression of HIV-1 replication and elimination of the associated viral reservoirs. However, effective induction of functional HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells from naïve cells remains problematic in the setting of human vaccine trials. In this study, we investigated priming of functional HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells from naïve cells. Methods HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells were primed from naïve T cells of HIV-1-seronegative individuals using TLR4 ligand LPS or STING ligand 3′3′-cGAMP in vitro. We established HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell lines from primed T cells and then investigated functional properties of these cells. Findings HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells primed with LPS failed to suppress HIV-1. In contrast, 3′3′-cGAMP effectively primed HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells with strong ability to suppress HIV-1. 3′3′-cGAMP-primed T cells had higher expression levels of perforin and granzyme B than LPS-primed ones. The expression levels of granzyme B and perforin and viral suppression ability of 3′3′-cGAMP-primed T cells were positively correlated with the production level of type I IFN from PBMCs stimulated with 3′3′-cGAMP. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the potential of 3′3′-cGAMP to induce HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells with strong effector function from naïve cells via a strong type I IFN production and suggests that this STING ligand may be useful for AIDS vaccine and cure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kuse
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Akahoshi
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Anna Lissina
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013 Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takiguchi
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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13
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Wallet C, De Rovere M, Van Assche J, Daouad F, De Wit S, Gautier V, Mallon PWG, Marcello A, Van Lint C, Rohr O, Schwartz C. Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019. [PMID: 31709195 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00362/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efficient combination of the antiretroviral therapy (cART), which significantly decreased mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infection, a definitive HIV cure has not been achieved. Hidden HIV-1 in cellular and anatomic reservoirs is the major hurdle toward a functional cure. Microglial cells, the Central Nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages, are one of the major cellular reservoirs of latent HIV-1. These cells are believed to be involved in the emergence of drugs resistance and reseeding peripheral tissues. Moreover, these long-life reservoirs are also involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive diseases (HAND). Clearing these infected cells from the brain is therefore crucial to achieve a cure. However, many characteristics of microglial cells and the CNS hinder the eradication of these brain reservoirs. Better understandings of the specific molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency in microglial cells should help to design new molecules and new strategies preventing HAND and achieving HIV cure. Moreover, new strategies are needed to circumvent the limitations associated to anatomical sanctuaries with barriers such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) that reduce the access of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Wallet
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Marco De Rovere
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Jeanne Van Assche
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Fadoua Daouad
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Stéphane De Wit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Gautier
- UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W G Mallon
- UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Olivier Rohr
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Université de Strasbourg, EA7292, FMTS, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
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14
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Marian CA, Stoszko M, Wang L, Leighty MW, de Crignis E, Maschinot CA, Gatchalian J, Carter BC, Chowdhury B, Hargreaves DC, Duvall JR, Crabtree GR, Mahmoudi T, Dykhuizen EC. Small Molecule Targeting of Specific BAF (mSWI/SNF) Complexes for HIV Latency Reversal. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1443-1455.e14. [PMID: 30197195 PMCID: PMC6404985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of a pool of latently HIV-1-infected cells despite combination anti-retroviral therapy treatment is the major roadblock for a cure. The BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex is involved in establishing and maintaining viral latency, making it an attractive drug target for HIV-1 latency reversal. Here we report a high-throughput screen for inhibitors of BAF-mediated transcription in cells and the subsequent identification of a 12-membered macrolactam. This compound binds ARID1A-specific BAF complexes, prevents nucleosomal positioning, and relieves transcriptional repression of HIV-1. Through this mechanism, these compounds are able to reverse HIV-1 latency in an in vitro T cell line, an ex vivo primary cell model of HIV-1 latency, and in patient CD4+ T cells without toxicity or T cell activation. These macrolactams represent a class of latency reversal agents with unique mechanism of action, and can be combined with other latency reversal agents to improve reservoir targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Marian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mateusz Stoszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee634, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lili Wang
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew W Leighty
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elisa de Crignis
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee634, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chad A Maschinot
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jovylyn Gatchalian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin C Carter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Basudev Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Diana C Hargreaves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeremy R Duvall
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- HHMI and the Departments of Developmental Biology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee634, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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15
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Bermejo M, Ambrosioni J, Bautista G, Climent N, Mateos E, Rovira C, Rodríguez-Mora S, López-Huertas MR, García-Gutiérrez V, Steegmann JL, Duarte R, Cervantes F, Plana M, Miró JM, Alcamí J, Coiras M. Evaluation of resistance to HIV-1 infection ex vivo of PBMCs isolated from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:248-264. [PMID: 30142322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current antiretroviral treatment (ART) may control HIV-1 replication but it cannot cure the infection due to the formation of a reservoir of latently infected cells. CD4+ T cell activation during HIV-1 infection eliminates the antiviral function of the restriction factor SAMHD1, allowing proviral integration and the reservoir establishment. The role of tyrosine kinases during T-cell activation is essential for these processes. Therefore, the inhibition of tyrosine kinases could control HIV-1 infection and restrict the formation of the reservoir. A family of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is successfully used in clinic for treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The safety and efficacy against HIV-1 infection of five TKIs was assayed in PBMCs isolated from CML patients on prolonged treatment with these drugs that were infected ex vivo with HIV-1. We determined that the most potent and safe TKI against HIV-1 infection was dasatinib, which preserved SAMHD1 antiviral function and avoid T-cell activation through TCR engagement and homeostatic cytokines. Imatinib and nilotinib showed lower potency and bosutinib was quite toxic in vitro. Ponatinib presented similar profile to dasatinib but as it has been associated with higher incidence of arterial ischemic events, dasatinib would be the better choice of TKI to be used as adjuvant of ART in order to avoid the establishment and replenishment of HIV-1 reservoir and move forward towards an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Bermejo
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Infectious Diseases Service, AIDS Research Group, Institut d́Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Bautista
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Climent
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Mateos
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rovira
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mora
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College of London, UK
| | - María Rosa López-Huertas
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Infectious Diseases Service, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) - Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Luis Steegmann
- Hematology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Duarte
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Cervantes
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, AIDS Research Group, Institut d́Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Knuschke T, Rotan O, Bayer W, Kollenda S, Dickow J, Sutter K, Hansen W, Dittmer U, Lang KS, Epple M, Buer J, Westendorf AM. Induction of Type I Interferons by Therapeutic Nanoparticle-Based Vaccination Is Indispensable to Reinforce Cytotoxic CD8 + T Cell Responses During Chronic Retroviral Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:614. [PMID: 29740425 PMCID: PMC5924795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell dysfunction and immunosuppression are characteristic for chronic viral infections and contribute to viral persistence. Overcoming these burdens is the goal of new therapeutic strategies to cure chronic infectious diseases. We recently described that therapeutic vaccination of chronic retrovirus infected mice with a calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticle (NP)-based vaccine carrier, functionalized with CpG and viral peptides is able to efficiently reactivate the CD8+ T cell response and improve the eradication of virus infected cells. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect were largely unclear. While type I interferons (IFNs I) are considered to drive T cell exhaustion by persistent immune activation during chronic viral infection, we here describe an indispensable role of IFN I induced by therapeutic vaccination to efficiently reinforce cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) and improve control of chronic retroviral infection. The induction of IFN I is CpG dependent and leads to significant IFN signaling indicated by upregulation of IFN stimulated genes. By vaccinating chronically retrovirus-infected mice lacking the IFN I receptor (IFNAR−/−) or by blocking IFN I signaling in vivo during therapeutic vaccination, we demonstrate that IFN I signaling is necessary to drive full reactivation of CTLs. Surprisingly, we also identified an impaired suppressive capability of regulatory T cells in the presence of IFNα, which implicates an important role for vaccine-induced IFNα in the regulation of the T cell response during chronic retroviral infection. Our data suggest that inducing IFN I signaling in conjunction with the presentation of viral antigens can reactivate immune functions and reduce viral loads in chronic infections. Therefore, we propose CaP NPs as potential therapeutic tool to treat chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Knuschke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olga Rotan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kollenda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Dickow
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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17
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CHOMONT N, OKOYE AA, FAVRE D, TRAUTMANN L. Wake me up before you go: a strategy to reduce the latent HIV reservoir. AIDS 2018; 32:293-298. [PMID: 29135580 PMCID: PMC5758429 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the quest to eliminate or reduce the HIV reservoir, shock and kill strategies require the combined administration of a latency reversing agent (LRA) to reactivate the latent reservoir and an intervention to boost effector functions to clear this reservoir. Both parts of this strategy are quite inefficient when LRAs are administered to HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART for several years, possibly due to low levels of induced antigen expression, negative impact of LRAs on clearance mechanisms, and very low number of effective cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Here we provide rationale for an approach that would require only the administration of an LRA at the time of ART initiation to significantly reduce the HIV reservoir. The advantage of this strategy is an efficient reactivation of the latent HIV reservoir when high numbers of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells are present. This strategy may also potentiate more effective CTL responses and the establishment of a longer period of immune surveillance. This “window of opportunity” has been validated in silico , can be tested in preclinical non-human primate (NHP) models and translated rapidly in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas CHOMONT
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of microbiology, infectiology and immunology, Faculty of Medicine. Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Afam A. OKOYE
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - David FAVRE
- GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lydie TRAUTMANN
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Takata H, Buranapraditkun S, Kessing C, Fletcher JLK, Muir R, Tardif V, Cartwright P, Vandergeeten C, Bakeman W, Nichols CN, Pinyakorn S, Hansasuta P, Kroon E, Chalermchai T, O'Connell R, Kim J, Phanuphak N, Robb ML, Michael NL, Chomont N, Haddad EK, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L. Delayed differentiation of potent effector CD8 + T cells reducing viremia and reservoir seeding in acute HIV infection. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/377/eaag1809. [PMID: 28202771 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a critical role in controlling HIV viremia and could be important in reducing HIV-infected cells in approaches to eradicate HIV. The simian immunodeficiency virus model provided the proof of concept for a CD8+ T cell-mediated reservoir clearance but showed conflicting evidence on the role of these cells to eliminate HIV-infected cells. In humans, HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses have not been associated with a reduction of the HIV-infected cell pool in vivo. We studied HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in the RV254 cohort of individuals initiating ART in the earliest stages of acute HIV infection (AHI). We showed that the HIV-specific CD8+ T cells generated as early as AHI stages 1 and 2 before peak viremia are delayed in expanding and acquiring effector functions but are endowed with higher memory potential. In contrast, the fully differentiated HIV-specific CD8+ T cells at peak viremia in AHI stage 3 were more prone to apoptosis but were associated with a steeper viral load decrease after ART initiation. Their capacity to persist in vivo after ART initiation correlated with a lower HIV DNA reservoir. These findings demonstrate that HIV-specific CD8+ T cell magnitude and differentiation are delayed in the earliest stages of infection. These results also demonstrate that potent HIV-specific CD8+ T cells contribute to the reduction of the pool of HIV-producing cells and the HIV reservoir seeding in vivo and provide the rationale to design interventions aiming at inducing these potent responses to cure HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takata
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cari Kessing
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Roshell Muir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Pearline Cartwright
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Claire Vandergeeten
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Wendy Bakeman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Carmen N Nichols
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pokrath Hansasuta
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thep Chalermchai
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert O'Connell
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jerome Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. .,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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Wu G, Swanson M, Talla A, Graham D, Strizki J, Gorman D, Barnard RJ, Blair W, Søgaard OS, Tolstrup M, Østergaard L, Rasmussen TA, Sekaly RP, Archin NM, Margolis DM, Hazuda DJ, Howell BJ. HDAC inhibition induces HIV-1 protein and enables immune-based clearance following latency reversal. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92901. [PMID: 28814661 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising therapeutic approaches for eradicating HIV include transcriptional activation of provirus from latently infected cells using latency-reversing agents (LRAs) and immune-mediated clearance to purge reservoirs. Accurate detection of cells capable of producing viral antigens and virions, and the measurement of clearance of infected cells, is essential to assessing therapeutic efficacy. Here, we apply enhanced methodology extending the sensitivity limits for the rapid detection of subfemtomolar HIV gag p24 capsid protein in CD4+ T cells from ART-suppressed HIV+ individuals, and we show viral protein induction following treatment with LRAs. Importantly, we demonstrate that clinical administration of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis; vorinostat and panobinostat) induced HIV gag p24, and ex vivo stimulation produced sufficient viral antigen to elicit immune-mediated cell killing using anti-gp120/CD3 bispecific antibody. These findings extend beyond classical nucleic acid endpoints, which are confounded by the predominance of mutated, defective proviruses and, of paramount importance, enable assessment of cells making HIV protein that can now be targeted by immunological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease and
| | - Michael Swanson
- Department of Biologics and Vaccine Formulations, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Gorman
- Department of Biologics, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Ole S Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Nancie M Archin
- University of North Carolina (UNC) HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- University of North Carolina (UNC) HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Schwartz C, Bouchat S, Marban C, Gautier V, Van Lint C, Rohr O, Le Douce V. On the way to find a cure: Purging latent HIV-1 reservoirs. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:10-22. [PMID: 28687465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of cART in 1996 has drastically increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV-1. However, this treatment has not allowed cure as cessation of cART is associated with a rapid viral rebound. The main barrier to the eradication of the virus is related to the persistence of latent HIV reservoirs. Evidence is now accumulating that purging the HIV-1 reservoir might lead to a cure or a remission. The most studied strategy is the so called "shock and kill" therapy. This strategy is based on reactivation of dormant viruses from the latently-infected reservoirs (the shock) followed by the eradication of the reservoirs (the kill). This review focuses mainly on the recent advances made in the "shock and kill" therapy. We believe that a cure or a remission will come from combinatorial approaches i.e. combination of drugs to reactivate the dormant virus from all the reservoirs including the one located in sanctuaries, and combination of strategies boosting the immune system. Alternative strategies based on cell and gene therapy or based in inducing deep latency, which are evoked in this review reinforce the idea that at least a remission is attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwartz
- University of Strasbourg, EA7292, DHPI, Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France.
| | - Sophie Bouchat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service of Molecular Virology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Céline Marban
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm UMR 1121 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Pavillon Leriche 1, place de l'Hôpital Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Gautier
- UCD, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service of Molecular Virology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), 12 rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Olivier Rohr
- University of Strasbourg, EA7292, DHPI, Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Valentin Le Douce
- UCD, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Medicine University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Garcia-Tellez T, Huot N, Ploquin MJ, Rascle P, Jacquelin B, Müller-Trutwin M. Non-human primates in HIV research: Achievements, limits and alternatives. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 46:324-332. [PMID: 27469027 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An ideal model for HIV-1 research is still unavailable. However, infection of non-human primates (NHP), such as macaques, with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) recapitulates most virological, immunological and clinical hallmarks of HIV infection in humans. It has become the most suitable model to study the mechanisms of transmission and physiopathology of HIV/AIDS. On the other hand, natural hosts of SIV, such as African green monkeys and sooty mangabeys that when infected do not progress to AIDS, represent an excellent model to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the capacity of controlling inflammation and disease progression. The use of NHP-SIV models has indeed enriched our knowledge in the fields of: i) viral transmission and viral reservoirs, ii) early immune responses, iii) host cell-virus interactions in tissues, iv) AIDS pathogenesis, v) virulence factors, vi) prevention and vii) drug development. The possibility to control many variables during experimental SIV infection, together with the resemblance between SIV and HIV infections, make the NHP model the most appropriate, so far, for HIV/AIDS research. Nonetheless, some limitations in using these models have to be considered. Alternative models for HIV/AIDS research, such as humanized mice and recombinant forms of HIV-SIV viruses (SHIV) for NHP infection, have been developed. The improvement of SHIV viruses that mimic even better the natural history of HIV infection and of humanized mice that develop a greater variety of human immune cell lineages, is ongoing. None of these models is perfect, but they allow contributing to the progress in managing or preventing HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalía Garcia-Tellez
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation and Persistence. 25-28 Rue du Doctor Roux,75015 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Huot
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation and Persistence. 25-28 Rue du Doctor Roux,75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Mickaël J Ploquin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation and Persistence. 25-28 Rue du Doctor Roux,75015 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Rascle
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation and Persistence. 25-28 Rue du Doctor Roux,75015 Paris, France.
| | - Beatrice Jacquelin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation and Persistence. 25-28 Rue du Doctor Roux,75015 Paris, France.
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation and Persistence. 25-28 Rue du Doctor Roux,75015 Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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