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Balalian AA, Stingone JA, Kahn LG, Herbstman JB, Graeve RI, Stellman SD, Factor-Litvak P. Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and child neurodevelopment: A comprehensive systematic review of outcomes and methodological approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118912. [PMID: 38615789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), extensively used in various products, prompt ongoing concern despite reduced exposure since the 1970s. This systematic review explores prenatal PCB and hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) exposure's association with child neurodevelopment. Encompassing cognitive, motor development, behavior, attention, ADHD, and ASD risks, it also evaluates diverse methodological approaches in studies. METHODS PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched through August 23, 2023, by predefined search strings. Peer-reviewed studies published in English were included. The inclusion criteria were: (i) PCBs/OH-PCBs measured directly in maternal and cord blood, placenta or breast milk collected in the perinatal period; (ii) outcomes of cognitive development, motor development, attention, behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children≤18 years old. Quality assessment followed the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's tool. RESULTS Overall, 87 studies were included in this review. We found evidence for the association between perinatal PCB exposure and adverse cognitive development and attention issues in middle childhood. There appeared to be no or negligible link between perinatal PCB exposure and early childhood motor development or the risk of ADHD/ASD. There was an indication of a sex-specific association with worse cognition and attention scores among boys. Some individual studies suggested a possible association between prenatal exposure to OH-PCBs and neurodevelopmental outcomes. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies in exposure markers, exposure assessment timing, outcome assessment, and statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Significant methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity existed in the included studies. Adverse effects on cognitive development and attention were observed in middle childhood. Little or no apparent link on both motor development and risk of ADHD/ASD was observed in early childhood. Inconclusive evidence prevailed regarding other neurodevelopmental aspects due to limited studies. Future research could further explore sex-specific associations and evaluate associations at lower exposure levels post-PCB ban in the US. It should also consider OH-PCB metabolites, co-pollutants, mixtures, and their potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin A Balalian
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Question Driven Design and Analysis Group (QD-DAG), New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard I Graeve
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle Saale, Germany
| | - Steven D Stellman
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Li P, Xu Y, Li Z, Cheng X, Jia C, Zhang S, An J, Zhang X, Yan Y, He M. Association between polychlorinated biphenyls exposure and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115743. [PMID: 37001846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies indicated that the association between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between PCBs exposure and incident T2DM in a nested case-control study, and further explored the relationship between PCBs and 5-year fasting blood glucose (FBG) changes. METHODS Baseline concentrations of seven indicator-PCB (PCB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were measured in 1006 pairs of incident T2DM cases and matched controls nested within the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. Conditional logistic regression models and pre-adjusted residuals method were used to assess the associations between PCBs and incident T2DM. We further computed beta coefficients (βs) of 5-year FBG changes using multivariable generalized linear regression. RESULTS Non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) were significantly associated with higher T2DM incidence after adjustment for all covariates. Significant differences were observed for extreme quartiles comparisons (Q4 vs. Q1) of PCBs except PCB-138, and the incidence of T2DM were 1- to 3-fold higher among those in the highest versus lowest PCBs quartiles. Serum NDL-PCBs were positively associated with changes in FBG (P for overall association ≤0.01). Additionally, triglycerides mediated the associations between PCBs and T2DM incidence. CONCLUSION Our findings showed positive associations of NDL-PCBs with incident T2DM and 5-year FBG changes. PCBs increased incident T2DM via lipid metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengyong Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Abou Ghayda R, Sergeyev O, Burns JS, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Smigulina L, Dikov Y, Hauser R, Mínguez-Alarcón L. Peripubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and semen parameters in Russian young men. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106085. [PMID: 32871379 PMCID: PMC9764548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic literature on the relation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with semen quality among adult men has been inconclusive, and no studies have prospectively explored the association between peripubertal serum OCPs and semen parameters in young men. OBJECTIVE To evaluate prospective associations of peripubertal serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocylohexane (β-HCH), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with semen parameters among young Russian men. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 152 young men who enrolled in the Russian Children's Study (2003-2005) at age 8-9 years and were followed annually until young adulthood. HCB, β-HCH, and p,p'-DDE concentrations were measured at the CDC by mass spectrometry in serum collected at enrollment. Between 18 and 23 years, semen samples (n = 298) were provided for analysis of volume, concentration, and progressive motility; we also calculated total sperm count and total progressive motile count. Linear mixed models were used to examine the longitudinal associations of quartiles of serum HCB, β-HCH and p,p'-DDE with semen parameters, adjusting for total serum lipids, body mass index, smoking, abstinence time and baseline dietary macronutrient intake. RESULTS Lipid-adjusted medians (IQR) for serum HCB, βHCH and p,ṕ-DDE, respectively, were 150 ng/g lipid (102-243), 172 ng/g lipid (120-257) and 275 ng/g lipid (190-465). In adjusted models, we observed lower ejaculated volume with higher serum concentrations of HCB and βHCH, along with reduced progressive motility with higher concentrations of βHCH andp,ṕ-DDE. Men in the highest quartile of serum HCB had a mean (95% Confidence Interval, CI) ejaculated volume of 2.25 mL (1.89, 2.60), as compared to those in the lowest quartile with a mean (95% CI) of 2.97 mL (2.46, 3.49) (p = 0.03). Also, men in the highest quartile of serum p,ṕ-DDE had a mean (95% CI) progressive motility of 51.1% (48.6, 53.7), as compared to those in the lowest quartile with a mean (95% CI) of 55.1% (51.7, 58.5) (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION In this longitudinal Russian cohort study, peripubertal serum concentrations of selected OCPs were associated with lower ejaculated volume and progressive motility highlighting the importance of the peripubertal window when evaluating chemical exposures in relation to semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Abou Ghayda
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Group of Epigenetic Epidemiology, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia.
| | - Jane S Burns
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Nemours AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yury Dikov
- Group of Epigenetic Epidemiology, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Association between maternal exposure to the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and risk of obesity in middle age. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1723-1732. [PMID: 32415255 PMCID: PMC7387196 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a malnourishment epidemic worldwide. A meta-analysis of prospective human studies across the world demonstrated a consistent positive association between maternal exposure to the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and children with obesity. The present study evaluates the association of maternal exposure to DDT and DDE with the risk of obesity in daughters during their mid-life in a prospective birth cohort with up to 53 years of follow-up. Methods: Gravidas’ blood was collected during their 1959–1967 enrollment into the prospective Child Health and Development Studies birth cohort in California. Their daughters aged 44–53 years had their height, weight, and waist circumference measured during a home visit to evaluate associations of daughters’ adiposity and relative risk of overweight and obesity with their mothers’ prenatal serum levels of DDT and DDE quantified by gas chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (n=511). Results: Maternal o,p’-DDT was positively associated with body mass index (beta=0.59 kg/m2 per ln ng/ml (95th percentile confidence interval, 95CI: 0.17, 1.00)) and waist circumference (beta=1.19 cm per ln ng/ml (95CI: 0.26, 2.13)) in multivariable models. Maternal o,p’-DDT was positively associated with a 26% (95CI: 6–49%) to 31% (95CI: 6–62%) higher risk of overweight and the same magnitude of additional risk for obesity, based on waist circumference and BMI definitions respectively, in multivariable models. Conclusions: These data indicate maternal DDT exposure is significantly associated with increased obesity risk among middle-aged women independent of the obesity definition, confounding, and obesity risk factors. Our findings suggest that policies supporting the use of DDT for malaria vector abatement need to consider the obesity risk as a health cost when weighing the benefits of using DDT in malaria vector control.
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Nassan FL, Gunn JA, Hill MM, Williams PL, Hauser R. Association of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with quinolinic acid among women: A potential link to neurological disorders. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105643. [PMID: 32179323 PMCID: PMC7136979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinolinic acid (QA), a neuroactive metabolite produced during tryptophan degradation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. Phthalates are structurally similar to QA, and exposure to phthalates has demonstrated increased QA production and excretion in rodent studies. We recently showed that very high exposure to dibutyl phthalate was associated with higher concentrations of urinary QA in men. However, no human studies examined the associations between background (low) phthalate exposures and QA. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with QA. METHODS Female participants (N = 126) who participated in a prospective cohort study at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center provided 758 urine samples (273 during pregnancy and 485 during non-pregnancy). Concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites and QA in urine were measured. We used multivariable linear mixed effect models to estimate the percent change in urinary QA concentrations associated with a doubling (100%) of urinary phthalate metabolite concentration, and evaluated whether there was effect modification by pregnancy status. RESULTS Women's mean (standard deviation) age was 34.2 (4.0) years with a body mass index of 23.5 (3.7) kg/m2. The women were primarily Caucasian (92%), had at least a college degree (98%), and none were current smokers. Pairwise Spearman correlations between concentrations for phthalate metabolites and QA measured in the same urine samples ranged from 0.36 for MEHP to 0.68 for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) metabolites. In multivariable-adjusted models, the percent change in urinary QA concentrations was significantly higher for each doubling of several urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations. For example, each doubling of DBP metabolites was associated with a 13.7% (95%CI: 10.6, 16.9)% higher QA. Associations between the low molecular weight phthalate metabolites and QA were stronger among samples collected during pregnancy as compared to non-pregnancy samples from the same women. CONCLUSIONS Urinary concentrations of several phthalate metabolites were positively associated with QA among women. These findings, along with the known neurotoxicity of QA, warrant the need to examine whether QA concentrations may serve as a pathway for the adverse neurodevelopment outcomes found in children's health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L Nassan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cano-Sancho G, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP. The challenging use and interpretation of blood biomarkers of exposure related to lipophilic endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental health studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110606. [PMID: 31585155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of exposure biomarkers has been growing during the last decades, being considered the 'gold-standard' approach for individual exposure assessment to environmental chemicals. However, lipophilic endocrine disrupting chemicals (LEDC) have specific physicochemical and biological properties implying particular analytical challenges and interpretative caveats. The epidemiological literature is therefore afflicted by methodological inconsistencies and results divergences, in part due to recognised sources of exposure measurement error and misinterpretation of results. The aim of the present review is to identify external and endogenous sources of variability and uncertainty associated with the LEDC blood biomarkers in epidemiological studies. The dynamic nature of blood and an overview of the known mechanisms of transport, storage and partition of LEDCs in the organism are first described. The external sources of variability and uncertainty introduced at pre-analytical and analytical level are subsequently presented. Subsequently, we present some specific cases where the dynamics of lipids and LEDCs may be substantially modified and thus, the interpretation of biomarkers can be particularly challenging. The environmental obesogens as source of biomarkers variability is also discussed in the light of the most recent findings. Finally, different modelling approaches (statistical and pharmacokinetic models) proposed to improve the use and interpretation of biomarkers are appraised.
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Gasull M, Pumarega J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Bergdahl IA, Sandanger TM, Goñi F, Cirera L, Donat-Vargas C, Alguacil J, Iglesias M, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Mancini FR, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Johnson T, Kühn T, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Peppa E, Palli D, Pala V, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Panico S, Verschuren M, Vermeulen R, Rylander C, Nøst TH, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Molinuevo A, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Sund M, Key T, Ye W, Jenab M, Michaud D, Matullo G, Canzian F, Kaaks R, Nieters A, Nöthlings U, Jeurnink S, Chajes V, Matejcic M, Gunter M, Aune D, Riboli E, Agudo A, Gonzalez CA, Weiderpass E, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Duell EJ, Vineis P, Porta M. Methodological issues in a prospective study on plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and pancreatic cancer risk within the EPIC cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:417-433. [PMID: 30529143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of biomarkers of environmental exposure to explore new risk factors for pancreatic cancer presents clinical, logistic, and methodological challenges that are also relevant in research on other complex diseases. OBJECTIVES First, to summarize the main design features of a prospective case-control study -nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort- on plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pancreatic cancer risk. And second, to assess the main methodological challenges posed by associations among characteristics and habits of study participants, fasting status, time from blood draw to cancer diagnosis, disease progression bias, basis of cancer diagnosis, and plasma concentrations of lipids and POPs. Results from etiologic analyses on POPs and pancreatic cancer risk, and other analyses, will be reported in future articles. METHODS Study subjects were 1533 participants (513 cases and 1020 controls matched by study centre, sex, age at blood collection, date and time of blood collection, and fasting status) enrolled between 1992 and 2000. Plasma concentrations of 22 POPs were measured by gas chromatography - triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). To estimate the magnitude of the associations we calculated multivariate-adjusted odds ratios by unconditional logistic regression, and adjusted geometric means by General Linear Regression Models. RESULTS There were differences among countries in subjects' characteristics (as age, gender, smoking, lipid and POP concentrations), and in study characteristics (as time from blood collection to index date, year of last follow-up, length of follow-up, basis of cancer diagnosis, and fasting status). Adjusting for centre and time of blood collection, no factors were significantly associated with fasting status. Plasma concentrations of lipids were related to age, body mass index, fasting, country, and smoking. We detected and quantified 16 of the 22 POPs in more than 90% of individuals. All 22 POPs were detected in some participants, and the smallest number of POPs detected in one person was 15 (median, 19) with few differences by country. The highest concentrations were found for p,p'-DDE, PCBs 153 and 180 (median concentration: 3371, 1023, and 810 pg/mL, respectively). We assessed the possible occurrence of disease progression bias (DPB) in eight situations defined by lipid and POP measurements, on one hand, and by four factors: interval from blood draw to index date, tumour subsite, tumour stage, and grade of differentiation, on the other. In seven of the eight situations results supported the absence of DPB. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of differences across study centres in some design features and participant characteristics is of relevance to other multicentre studies. Relationships among subjects' characteristics and among such characteristics and design features may play important roles in the forthcoming analyses on the association between plasma concentrations of POPs and pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gasull
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pumarega
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Fernando Goñi
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute; Public Health Laboratory in Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lluís Cirera
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB - Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Juan Alguacil
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar (PSMar), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic - M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Therese Haugdahl Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amaia Molinuevo
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute; Public Health Laboratory in Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB - Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tim Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Michaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine -IIGM/HuGeF, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Molecular Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suzanne Jeurnink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Veronique Chajes
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marco Matejcic
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marc Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antoni Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miquel Porta
- Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Cano-Sancho G, Labrune L, Ploteau S, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP. The challenging use and interpretation of circulating biomarkers of exposure to persistent organic pollutants in environmental health: Comparison of lipid adjustment approaches in a case study related to endometriosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:388-396. [PMID: 29499519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The gold-standard matrix for measuring the internal levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is the adipose tissue, however in epidemiological studies the use of serum is preferred due to the low cost and higher accessibility. The interpretation of serum biomarkers is tightly related to the understanding of the underlying causal structure relating the POPs, serum lipids and the disease. Considering the extended benefits of using serum biomarkers we aimed to further examine if through statistical modelling we would be able to improve the use and interpretation of serum biomarkers in the study of endometriosis. Hence, we have conducted a systematic comparison of statistical approaches commonly used to lipid-adjust the circulating biomarkers of POPs based on existing methods, using data from a pilot case-control study focused on severe deep infiltrating endometriosis. The odds ratios (ORs) obtained from unconditional regression for those models with serum biomarkers were further compared to those obtained from adipose tissue. The results of this exploratory study did not support the use of blood biomarkers as proxy estimates of POPs in adipose tissue to implement in risk models for endometriosis with the available statistical approaches to correct for lipids. The current statistical approaches commonly used to lipid-adjust circulating POPs, do not fully represent the underlying biological complexity between POPs, lipids and disease (especially those directly or indirectly affecting or affected by lipid metabolism). Hence, further investigations are warranted to improve the use and interpretation of blood biomarkers under complex scenarios of lipid dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Cano-Sancho
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307, Nantes, France.
| | - Léa Labrune
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Ploteau
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307, Nantes, France; Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CIC FEA, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Marchand
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
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9
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O'Brien KM, Upson K, Buckley JP. Lipid and Creatinine Adjustment to Evaluate Health Effects of Environmental Exposures. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 4:44-50. [PMID: 28097619 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Urine- and serum-based biomarkers are useful for assessing individuals' exposure to environmental factors. However, variations in urinary creatinine (a measure of dilution) or serum lipid levels, if not adequately corrected for, can directly impact biomarker concentrations and bias exposure-disease association measures. RECENT FINDINGS Recent methodological literature has considered the complex relationships between creatinine or serum lipid levels, exposure biomarkers, outcomes, and other potentially relevant factors using directed acyclic graphs and simulation studies. The optimal measures of urinary dilution and serum lipids have also been investigated. Existing evidence supports the use of covariate-adjusted standardization plus creatinine adjustment for urinary biomarkers and standardization plus serum lipid adjustment for lipophilic, serum-based biomarkers. It is unclear which urinary dilution measure is best, but all serum lipid measures performed similarly. Future research should assess methods for pooled biomarkers and for studying diseases and exposures that affect creatinine or serum lipids directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M O'Brien
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Kristen Upson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Cano-Sancho G, Salmon AG, La Merrill MA. Association between Exposure to p,p'-DDT and Its Metabolite p,p'-DDE with Obesity: Integrated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:096002. [PMID: 28934091 PMCID: PMC5915185 DOI: 10.1289/ehp527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all countries, becoming a substantial public health concern worldwide. Increasing evidence has associated obesity with persistent pollutants such as the pesticide DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to systematically review the literature on the association between exposure to the pesticide DDT and its metabolites and obesity to develop hazard identification conclusions. METHODS We applied a systematic review-based strategy to identify and integrate evidence from epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies. The evidence from prospective epidemiological studies was quantitatively synthesized by meta-analysis. We rated the body of evidence and integrated the streams of evidence to systematically develop hazard identification conclusions. RESULTS We identified seven epidemiological studies reporting prospective associations between exposure to p,p'-DDE and adiposity assessed by body mass index (BMI) z-score. The results from the meta-analysis revealed positive associations between exposure to p,p'-DDE and BMI z-score (β=0.13 BMI z-score (95% CI: 0.01, 0.25) per log increase of p,p'-DDE). Two studies constituted the primary in vivo evidence. Both studies reported positive associations between exposure to p,p'-DDT and increased adiposity in rodents. We identified 19 in vivo studies and 7 in vitro studies that supported the biological plausibility of the obesogenic effects of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. CONCLUSIONS We classified p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE as "presumed" to be obesogenic for humans, based on a moderate level of primary human evidence, a moderate level of primary in vivo evidence, and a moderate level of supporting evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP527.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Cano-Sancho
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis , Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew G Salmon
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency , Oakland, California, USA
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis , Davis, California, USA
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11
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Pontelli RCN, Nunes AA, Oliveira DSVWB. [Impact on human health of endocrine disruptors present in environmental water bodies: is there an association with obesity?]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2016; 21:753-66. [PMID: 26960088 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015213.25212015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that endocrine disruptors (ED) may adversely affect humans. Surface and underground water are the main sources for obtaining potable water, however they can be contaminated with ED, which are not completely removed by conventional water and sewage treatment processes. Some health problems are related to the exposure of humans to ED, obesity being one of them. There is currently an increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, a fact that is considered a concern in view of its potential impact on the health care system, since obesity is the major risk factor of the leading chronic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By means of a review of the literature, this paper sought to gather scientific publications linking exposure to ED with obesity, in order to verify the importance of removal of ED from water bodies, thereby preserving the population's health and aquatic biota. Most of the selected studies suggest an association between ED and obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Célia Nucci Pontelli
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil,
| | - Altacilio Aparecido Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil,
| | - de Sonia Valle Walter Borges Oliveira
- Departamento de Administração, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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12
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O’Brien KM, Upson K, Cook NR, Weinberg CR. Environmental Chemicals in Urine and Blood: Improving Methods for Creatinine and Lipid Adjustment. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124. [PMID: 26219104 PMCID: PMC4749084 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigators measuring exposure biomarkers in urine typically adjust for creatinine to account for dilution-dependent sample variation in urine concentrations. Similarly, it is standard to adjust for serum lipids when measuring lipophilic chemicals in serum. However, there is controversy regarding the best approach, and existing methods may not effectively correct for measurement error. OBJECTIVES We compared adjustment methods, including novel approaches, using simulated case-control data. METHODS Using a directed acyclic graph framework, we defined six causal scenarios for epidemiologic studies of environmental chemicals measured in urine or serum. The scenarios include variables known to influence creatinine (e.g., age and hydration) or serum lipid levels (e.g., body mass index and recent fat intake). Over a range of true effect sizes, we analyzed each scenario using seven adjustment approaches and estimated the corresponding bias and confidence interval coverage across 1,000 simulated studies. RESULTS For urinary biomarker measurements, our novel method, which incorporates both covariate-adjusted standardization and the inclusion of creatinine as a covariate in the regression model, had low bias and possessed 95% confidence interval coverage of nearly 95% for most simulated scenarios. For serum biomarker measurements, a similar approach involving standardization plus serum lipid level adjustment generally performed well. CONCLUSIONS To control measurement error bias caused by variations in serum lipids or by urinary diluteness, we recommend improved methods for standardizing exposure concentrations across individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Upson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy R. Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, and
- Address correspondence to C.R. Weinberg, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Telephone: (919) 541-4927. E-mail:
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13
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Lam T, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Sergeyev O, Revich B, Altshul LM, Patterson DG, Hauser R. Prepubertal Serum Concentrations of Organochlorine Pesticides and Age at Sexual Maturity in Russian Boys. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:1216-21. [PMID: 26009253 PMCID: PMC4629743 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few human studies have evaluated the impact of childhood exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCP) on pubertal development. OBJECTIVE We evaluated associations of serum OCP concentrations [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (βHCH), and p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE)] with age at attainment of sexual maturity among boys. METHODS From 2003 through 2005, 350 8- to 9-year-old boys from Chapaevsk, Russia, with measured OCPs were enrolled and followed annually for 8 years. We used multivariable interval-censored models to evaluate associations of OCPs (quartiles) with three physician-assessed measures of sexual maturity: Tanner stage 5 for genitalia growth, Tanner stage 5 for pubic hair growth, or testicular volume (TV) ≥ 20 mL in either testis. RESULTS In adjusted models, boys with higher HCB concentrations achieved sexual maturity reflected by TV ≥ 20 mL a mean of 3.1 months (95% CI: -1.7, 7.8), 5.3 months (95% CI: 0.6, 10.1), and 5.0 months (95% CI: 0.2, 9.8) later for quartiles Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, compared with Q1 (p trend = 0.04). Tanner stage 5 for genitalia growth was attained a mean of 2.2 months (95% CI: -3.1, 7.5), 5.7 months (95% CI: 0.4, 11.0), and 3.7 months (95% CI: -1.7, 9.1) later for quartiles Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, of βHCH compared with Q1 (p trend = 0.09). Tanner stage 5 for pubic hair growth occurred 6-9 months later on average for boys in the highest versus lowest quartile for HCB (p trend < 0.001), βHCH (trend p = 0.01), and p,p´-DDE (p trend = 0.04). No associations were observed between p,p´-DDE and Tanner stage 5 for genitalia growth or TV ≥ 20 mL. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher prepubertal serum HCB and βHCH concentrations were associated with a later age at attainment of sexual maturity. Only the highest quartile of serum p,p´-DDE was associated with later pubic hair maturation. CITATION Lam T, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Sergeyev O, Revich B, Altshul LM, Patterson DG Jr, Hauser R. 2015. Prepubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and age at sexual maturity in Russian boys. Environ Health Perspect 123:1216-1221; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Lam
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Lam T, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Sergeyev O, Revich B, Altshul LM, Patterson DG, Turner WE, Hauser R. Prepubertal organochlorine pesticide concentrations and age of pubertal onset among Russian boys. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 73:135-42. [PMID: 25118086 PMCID: PMC4194160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal studies, organochlorine pesticide (OCP) exposure alters pubertal development; however, epidemiological data are limited and inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of serum OCP concentrations [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)] with male pubertal onset. METHODS In Chapaevsk, Russia, a town environmentally contaminated with OCPs, 350 8-9 year old boys with measured OCPs were enrolled during 2003-2005 and were followed annually for eight years. We evaluated three measures of pubertal onset: testicular volume (TV)>3 mL in either testis, or stage 2 or greater for genitalia (G2+), or pubic hair (P2+). We used multivariable interval-censored models to evaluate associations of OCPs (quartiles) with physician-assessed pubertal onset. RESULTS In adjusted models, boys with higher HCB concentrations had later mean ages of TV>3 mL and P2+ (but not G2+). Mean age at attaining TV>3 mL was delayed 3.6 (95% CI: -2.6, 9.7), 7.9 (95% CI: 1.7, 14.0), and 4.7 months (95% CI: -1.4, 10.9) for HCB Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, compared to Q1 (trend p: 0.06). Boys with higher HCB concentrations reached P2+ 0.1 months earlier (95% CI: -5.8, 5.6) for Q2, 4.7 months later (95% CI: -1.0, 10.3) for Q3 and 4.6 months later (95% CI: -1.1, 10.3) for Q4 compared to Q1 (trend p: 0.04). There were no associations of serum β-HCH and p,p'-DDE concentrations with age of pubertal onset. CONCLUSION Higher prepubertal serum HCB concentrations were associated with later age of gonadarche and pubarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Lam
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Quintiles, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary M Lee
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jane S Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Samara State Medical University, Department of Physical Education and Health, Samara, Russia; Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia
| | - Boris Revich
- Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa M Altshul
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Environmental Health and Engineering, Inc., Needham, MA, USA
| | - Donald G Patterson
- EnviroSolutions Consulting, Inc., Auburn, GA, USA; Axys Analytical Solutions, Sidney, BC, Canada; Exponent, Inc., Maynard, MA, USA
| | - Wayman E Turner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Romano ME, Savitz DA, Braun JM. Challenges and future directions to evaluating the association between prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and childhood obesity. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2014; 1:57-66. [PMID: 25328860 PMCID: PMC4199333 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-014-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing public health threat worldwide. However, there has been insufficient research addressing the obesogenic potential of prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, largely due to complexities in the design, analysis, and interpretation of such studies. This review describes relevant biological mechanisms, addresses current challenges for investigators, presents potential strategies for overcoming them, and identifies areas where further development is required to improve future research. Special considerations for exposure assessment, outcome heterogeneity, and complex confounding structures are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - David A. Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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16
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Prasodjo A, Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, Xu Y, Liddy S, Yolton K, Savitz DA, Lanphear BP, Braun JM. Serum cotinine and whole blood folate concentrations in pregnancy. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:498-503.e1. [PMID: 24854185 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure may be associated with low maternal folate levels that increase the risk of adverse infant and child health outcomes by reducing folate availability during fetal development. METHODS Using data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, we examined the relationship between secondhand or active tobacco smoke exposure and whole blood folate concentrations in pregnant women from Cincinnati, Ohio (n = 362) at approximately 16-week gestation. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between continuous or categorical serum cotinine levels and whole blood folate levels, adjusting for sociodemographic, dietary, and perinatal variables. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, an interquartile range increases in serum cotinine concentration (0.012-0.224 ng/mL) was suggestively associated with decreased whole blood folate levels (β, -23 nmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), -49, 3; P value = .08). Compared with unexposed women, reductions in mean whole blood folate were observed among active smokers (β, -94, 95% CI, 195, 6 nmol/L; P value = .40); smaller reductions were observed among women with secondhand exposure (β, 26; CI, 84, 32 nmol/L; P value = .07). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior studies, active smoking was associated with reduced whole blood folate levels among these pregnant women. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposures were associated with small and imprecise reductions in whole blood folate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Prasodjo
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Christine M Pfeiffer
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Nutritional Biomarkers Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zia Fazili
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Nutritional Biomarkers Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stacey Liddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David A Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health and Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
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