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Loeffler DA. Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240212. [PMID: 38875041 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid protein-β (Aβ) concentrations are increased in the brain in both early onset and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In early onset AD, cerebral Aβ production is increased and its clearance is decreased, while increased Aβ burden in late onset AD is due to impaired clearance. Aβ has been the focus of AD therapeutics since development of the amyloid hypothesis, but efforts to slow AD progression by lowering brain Aβ failed until phase 3 trials with the monoclonal antibodies lecanemab and donanemab. In addition to promoting phagocytic clearance of Aβ, antibodies lower cerebral Aβ by efflux of Aβ-antibody complexes across the capillary endothelia, dissolving Aβ aggregates, and a "peripheral sink" mechanism. Although the blood-brain barrier is the main route by which soluble Aβ leaves the brain (facilitated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1), Aβ can also be removed via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, glymphatic drainage, and intramural periarterial drainage. This review discusses experimental approaches to increase cerebral Aβ efflux via these mechanisms, clinical applications of these approaches, and findings in clinical trials with these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Based on negative findings in clinical trials with previous approaches targeting monomeric Aβ, increasing the cerebral efflux of soluble Aβ is unlikely to slow AD progression if used as monotherapy. But if used as an adjunct to treatment with lecanemab or donanemab, this approach might allow greater slowing of AD progression than treatment with either antibody alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Palomo I, Wehinger S, Andrés V, García‐García FJ, Fuentes E. RhoA/rho kinase pathway activation in age-associated endothelial cell dysfunction and thrombosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18153. [PMID: 38568071 PMCID: PMC10989549 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoA and the downstream Rho kinase (ROCK) regulate several cell functions and pathological processes in the vascular system that contribute to the age-dependent risk of cardiovascular disease, including endothelial dysfunction, excessive permeability, inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, abnormal vasoconstriction, decreased nitric oxide production and apoptosis. Frailty is a loss of physiological reserve and adaptive capacity with advanced age and is accompanied by a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative state that promotes vascular dysfunction and thrombosis. This review summarises the role of the RhoA/Rho kinase signalling pathway in endothelial dysfunction, the acquisition of the pro-thrombotic state and vascular ageing. We also discuss the possible role of RhoA/Rho kinase signalling as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Palomo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research CenterUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research CenterUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. García‐García
- Department of Geriatric MedicineHospital Universitario de Toledo, Instituto de Investigación de Castilla La Mancha (IDISCAM), CIBERFES (ISCIII)ToledoSpain
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Technology School, Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research CenterUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
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Zhang X, Tian B, Cong X, Ning Z. SLIT3 promotes cardiac fibrosis and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts by RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:832-840. [PMID: 38800023 PMCID: PMC11127076 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.73812.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) has been identified as a potential therapeutic regulator against fibroblast activity and fibrillary collagen production in an autocrine manner. However, this research aims to investigate the potential role of SLIT3 in cardiac fibrosis and fibroblast differentiation and its underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods C57BL/6 mice (male, 8-10 weeks, n=47) were subcutaneously infused with Ang II (2.0 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. One to two-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 1% pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg) and ketamine (50 mg/kg) and the cardiac fibroblast was isolated aseptically. The mRNA and protein expression were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results The SLIT3 expression level was increased in Ang II-induced mice models and cardiac fibroblasts. SLIT3 significantly increased migrated cells and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Ang II-induced increases in mRNA expression of collagen I (COL1A1), and collagen III (COL3A1) was attenuated by SLIT3 inhibition. SLIT3 knockdown attenuated the Ang II-induced increase in mRNA expression of ACTA2 (α-SMA), Fibronectin, and CTGF. SLIT3 suppression potentially reduced DHE expression and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly increased in cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, SLIT3 inhibition markedly decreased RhoA and ROCK1 protein expression, whereas ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 (10 μM) markedly attenuated the migration of cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by Ang II and SLIT3. Conclusion The results speculate that SLIT3 could significantly regulate cardiac fibrosis and fibroblast differentiation via the RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Medical College of Health), Pudong New District, Shanghai 201318, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Bei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Medical College of Health), Pudong New District, Shanghai 201318, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xinpeng Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Medical College of Health), Pudong New District, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Zhoupu Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Medical College of Health), Pudong New District, Shanghai 201318, China
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Chiorean DM, Cobankent Aytekin E, Mitranovici MI, Turdean SG, Moharer MS, Cotoi OS, Toru HS. Human Placenta and Evolving Insights into Pathological Changes of Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review of the Last Decade. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024; 43:33-46. [PMID: 37906285 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2274823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The placenta, the foremost and multifaceted organ in fetal and maternal biology, is pivotal in facilitating optimal intrauterine fetal development. Remarkably, despite its paramount significance, the placenta remains enigmatic, meriting greater comprehension given its central influence on the health trajectories of both the fetus and the mother. Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR), prevailing disorders of pregnancy, stem from compromised placental development. PE, characterized by heightened mortality and morbidity risks, afflicts 5-7% of global pregnancies, its etiology shrouded in ambiguity. Pertinent pathogenic hallmarks of PE encompass inadequate restructuring of uteroplacental spiral arteries, placental ischemia, and elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), also recognized as soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1). During gestation, the placental derivation of sFlt-1 accentuates its role as an inhibitory receptor binding to VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF), curtailing target cell accessibility. This review expounds upon the placenta's defining cellular component of the trophoblast, elucidates the intricacies of PE pathogenesis, underscores the pivotal contribution of sFlt-1 to maternal pathology and fetal safeguarding, and surveys recent therapeutic strides witnessed in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maria Chiorean
- Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | | | | | - Sabin Gligore Turdean
- Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | | | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
- Department Pathophysiology, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania, and
| | - Havva Serap Toru
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Pınarbaşı, Konyaaltı/Antalya, Turkey
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Tang F, Huang K, Peng B, Deng W, Su N, Xu F, Zhang M, Zhong H. RhoA/ROCK Signaling Is Involved in Pathological Retinal Neovascularization. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:183-192. [PMID: 37660689 PMCID: PMC10614457 DOI: 10.1159/000533321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Fasudil on retinal neovascularization (NV) in vivo and angiogenesis in vitro. METHODS C57BL/6 was used to establish an OIR model. First, RhoA/ROCK expression was first examined and compared between OIR and healthy controls. Then, we evaluated the effect of Fasudil on pathological retinal NV. Whole-mount retinal staining was performed. The percentage of NV area, the number of neovascular tufts (NVT), and branch points (BP) were quantified. Finally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the effect of Fasudil on angiogenesis. RESULTS Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that ROCK expression in retinal tissue was statistically upregulated in OIR. Furthermore, we found that Fasudil attenuated the percentage of NV area, the number of NVT, and BP significantly. In addition, Fasudil could suppress the proliferation and migration of HUVECs induced by VEGF. CONCLUSIONS RhoA/ROCK might be involved in the pathogenesis of OIR. And its inhibitor Fasudil could suppress retinal NV in vivo and angiogenesis in vitro. Fasudil may be a potential treatment strategy for retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health and Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology and Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kongqian Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health and Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology and Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Biyan Peng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health and Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology and Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health and Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology and Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health and Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology and Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health and Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology and Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health and Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology and Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
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Qi C, Bujaroski RS, Baell J, Zheng X. Kinases in cerebral cavernous malformations: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119488. [PMID: 37209718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are low-flow, hemorrhagic vascular lesions of the central nervous system of genetic origin, which can cause stroke-like symptoms and seizures. From the identification of CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3 as genes related to disease progression, molecular and cellular mechanisms for CCM pathogenesis have been established and the search for potential drugs to target CCM has begun. Broadly speaking, kinases are the major group signaling in CCM pathogenesis. These include the MEKK3/MEK5/ERK5 cascade, Rho/Rock signaling, CCM3/GCKIII signaling, PI3K/mTOR signaling, and others. Since the discovery of Rho/Rock in CCM pathogenesis, inhibitors for Rho signaling and subsequently other components in CCM signaling were discovered and applied in preclinical and clinical trials to ameliorate CCM progression. This review discusses the general aspects of CCM disease, kinase-mediated signaling in CCM pathogenesis and the current state of potential treatment options for CCM. It is suggested that kinase target drug development in the context of CCM might facilitate and meet the unmet requirement - a non-surgical option for CCM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, China
| | - Richard Sean Bujaroski
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Australian Translational Medicinal Chemistry Facility (ATMCF), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, China.
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Hou HT, Wang ZQ, Wang J, Yang Q, He GW. Antispastic Effect of Fasudil and Cocktail of Fasudil and Nitroglycerin in Internal Thoracic Artery. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 115:1152-1161. [PMID: 35172179 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spasm of arterial grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting is a clinical problem and can occasionally be lethal. Perioperative spasm in the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and coronary arteries occurs in 0.43% of patients. This study aimed to investigate the antispastic effect of a RhoA/Rho-kinase (Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase [ROCK]) inhibitor (fasudil) with and without nitroglycerin in combination in the ITA. METHODS Isolated human ITA rings taken from 68 patients who were undergoing coronary bypass were studied in a myograph. Cumulative concentration-relaxation curves for fasudil (-9 to -3.5 log M) were established in the ITA, which was precontracted with potassium chloride or U46619. The inhibitory effect of fasudil (-6.3 or -5.3 log M) or fasudil in combination with nitroglycerin were also tested. The ROCK2 protein was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Fasudil caused similar relaxation in ITA rings contracted by potassium chloride or U46619. Pretreatment with -5.3 log M fasudil significantly depressed contraction induced by potassium chloride (P = .004 vs control; P = .017 vs -6.3 log M) and U46619 (P = .010 vs control; P = .041 vs. -6.3 log M). Fasudil in combination with nitroglycerin had more effect and more rapid and sustained relaxation than either vasodilator alone. Fasudil caused a decrease of ROCK2 protein content (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS Fasudil fully relaxes some vasoconstrictor-induced contraction and decreases ROCK2 protein content in the ITA. The combination of fasudil and nitroglycerin has a superior effect than either vasodilator alone. The new cocktail solution composed of fasudil and nitroglycerin (pH 7.4) has effective antispastic action and may prove to be a new antispastic method for arterial conduits during coronary bypass surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng-Qing Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China; Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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8
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Martino J, Siri SO, Calzetta NL, Paviolo NS, Garro C, Pansa MF, Carbajosa S, Brown AC, Bocco JL, Gloger I, Drewes G, Madauss KP, Soria G, Gottifredi V. Inhibitors of Rho kinases (ROCK) induce multiple mitotic defects and synthetic lethality in BRCA2-deficient cells. eLife 2023; 12:e80254. [PMID: 37073955 PMCID: PMC10185344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The trapping of Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) on DNA caused by PARP inhibitors (PARPi) triggers acute DNA replication stress and synthetic lethality (SL) in BRCA2-deficient cells. Hence, DNA damage is accepted as a prerequisite for SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. In contrast, here we show that inhibiting ROCK in BRCA2-deficient cells triggers SL independently from acute replication stress. Such SL is preceded by polyploidy and binucleation resulting from cytokinesis failure. Such initial mitosis abnormalities are followed by other M phase defects, including anaphase bridges and abnormal mitotic figures associated with multipolar spindles, supernumerary centrosomes and multinucleation. SL was also triggered by inhibiting Citron Rho-interacting kinase, another enzyme that, similarly to ROCK, regulates cytokinesis. Together, these observations demonstrate that cytokinesis failure triggers mitotic abnormalities and SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. Furthermore, the prevention of mitotic entry by depletion of Early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) augmented the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells treated with ROCK inhibitors, thus reinforcing the association between M phase and cell death in BRCA2-deficient cells. This novel SL differs from the one triggered by PARPi and uncovers mitosis as an Achilles heel of BRCA2-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cintia Garro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Maria F Pansa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Sofía Carbajosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Aaron C Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughUnited States
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Israel Gloger
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerard Drewes
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin P Madauss
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DUpper ProvidenceUnited States
| | - Gastón Soria
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
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Pham AQ, Dore K. Novel approaches to increase synaptic resilience as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:84-92. [PMID: 35370089 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of brains with Alzheimer's disease pathology are obtained from patients that were cognitively normal, suggesting that differences within the brains of these individuals made them resilient to the disease. Here, we describe recent approaches that specifically increase synaptic resilience, as loss of synapses is considered to be the first change in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. We start by discussing studies showing benefit from increased expression of neurotrophic factors and protective genes. Methods that effectively make dendritic spines stronger, specifically by acting through actin network proteins, scaffolding proteins and inhibition of phosphatases are described next. Importantly, the therapeutic strategies presented in this review tackle Alzheimer's disease not by targeting plaques and tangles, but instead by making synapses resilient to the pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease, which has tremendous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Q Pham
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, UCSD, La Jolla 92093, United States
| | - Kim Dore
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, UCSD, La Jolla 92093, United States.
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10
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Hwang D, Park SH, Koo BK. Ischemia With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Concept, Assessment, and Management. JACC. ASIA 2023; 3:169-184. [PMID: 37181394 PMCID: PMC10167523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In daily clinical practice, physicians often encounter patients with angina or those with evidence of myocardial ischemia from noninvasive tests but not having obstructive coronary artery disease. This type of ischemic heart disease is referred to as ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). INOCA patients often suffer from recurrent chest pain without adequate management and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. There are several endotypes of INOCA, and each endotype should be treated based on its specific underlying mechanism. Therefore, identifying INOCA and discriminating its underlying mechanisms are important issues and of clinical interest. Invasive physiologic assessment is the first step in the diagnosis of INOCA and discriminating the underlying mechanism; additional provocation tests help physicians identify the vasospastic component in INOCA patients. Comprehensive information acquired from these invasive tests can provide a template for mechanism-specific management for patients with INOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Zhou W, Yuan X, Li J, Wang W, Ye S. Retinol binding protein 4 promotes the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells under high glucose condition via modulating RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00055-5. [PMID: 37003483 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). High level of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is regarded as a risk factor in cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. This study is performed to clarify the biological function of RBP4 in modulating the phenotypic switch of VSMCs induced via RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vivo experiment, all the rats were dividedinto control group (NC), diabetic group (DM) and diabetic atherosclerosis group(DAS). The expressions of biochemical indicators, RhoA and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) were detected. In vitro experiment, VSMCs were cultured under high glucose condition, and ectogenic RBP4, HA-1100, rapamycin or 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) were supplemented to treat the VSMCs, respectively. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evaluated. The regulatory relationship between RBP4 and ROCK1was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The regulatory effects of RBP4 on contractile phenotypic markers such as calponin, MYH11, α-SMA and autophagy markers including LC3II, LC3I and Beclin-1 as well as mTOR were also detected. Moreover, VSMCs were cultured exposed to ROCK1 overexpressed plasmid or short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evluated and the regulatory effects of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway on contractile phenotypic markers and autophagy markers were also detected. RESULTS In vivo, RhoA, ROCK1 and mTOR were highly expressed in the rats intraperitoneally injected with RBP4. In vitro, the expressions of calponin, MYH11, α-SMA, LC3II, LC3I and Beclin-1 were decreased in VSMCs treated with ROCK1-OA under high glucose condition, conversely, the expressions were increased in VSMCs exposed to ROCK1-shRNA. Ectogenic RBP4 facilitated high glucose-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and it repressed the expression of calponin, MYH11, α-SMA, LC3II/Iand Beclin-1 in VSMCs. As expected, ROCK1 inhibit or counteracted the biological effects of RBP4 on VSMCs. In addition, the expressions of contractile phenotypic markers, LC3II/I and Beclin-1 were promoted and mTOR were decreased after the VSMCs treated with autophagy agonist, whereas no significant difference was observed in the expressions of ROCK1, RhoA. CONCLUSION RBP4 is an injurious factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic AS, and it promotes the phenotypic switch of VSMCs via activating RhoA/ROCK1 pathway and inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Department of Endocrinology, affiliated provincial hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Berni E, Glading AJ, Retta SF. KRIT1: A Traffic Warden at the Busy Crossroads Between Redox Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:496-528. [PMID: 36047808 PMCID: PMC10039281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Its loss-of-function has been unequivocally associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by defective endothelial cell-cell adhesion and ensuing structural alterations and hyperpermeability in brain capillaries. KRIT1 contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier function by stabilizing the integrity of adherens junctions and inhibiting the formation of actin stress fibers. Recent Advances: Among the multiple regulatory mechanisms proposed so far, significant evidence accumulated over the past decade has clearly shown that the role of KRIT1 in the stability of endothelial barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, is largely based on its involvement in the complex machinery governing cellular redox homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. KRIT1 loss-of-function has, indeed, been demonstrated to cause an impairment of major redox-sensitive mechanisms involved in spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesion and signaling, which ultimately leads to decreased cell-cell junction stability and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation. Critical Issues: This review explores the redox mechanisms that influence endothelial cell adhesion and barrier function, focusing on the role of KRIT1 in such mechanisms. We propose that this supports a novel model wherein redox signaling forms the common link between the various pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches hitherto associated with CCM disease. Future Directions: A comprehensive characterization of the role of KRIT1 in redox control of endothelial barrier physiology and defense against oxy-inflammatory insults will provide valuable insights into the development of precision medicine strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 496-528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Berni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Chen H, Zhang L, Yue F, Cui C, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liang L, Meng L, Zhang C. Effects of assisted reproductive technology on gene expression in heart and spleen tissues of adult offspring mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1035161. [PMID: 37065763 PMCID: PMC10098333 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1035161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is an important part of reproductive medicine, whose possible effects on offspring's health have drawn widespread attention in recent years. However, relevant studies are limited to postnatal short-term follow-up and lack of diverse sample sources analysis other than blood. METHODS In this study, a mouse model was used to explore the effects of ART on fetal development and gene expression in the organs of offspring in the adulthood using next-generation sequencing. The sequencing results were then analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that it caused abnormal expression in 1060 genes and 179 genes in the heart and spleen, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the heart are mainly enriched in RNA synthesis and processing, and the cardiovascular system development also shows enrichment. STRING analysis identified Ccl2, Ptgs2, Rock1, Mapk14, Agt, and Wnt5a as the core interacting factors. DEGs in the spleen are significantly enriched in anti-infection and immune responses, which include the core factors Fos, Jun and Il1r2. Further exploration revealed the abnormal expression of 42 and 5 epigenetic modifiers in the heart and spleen, respectively. The expression of the imprinted genes Dhcr7, Igf2, Mest and Smoc1 decreased in the hearts of ART offspring, and the DNA methylation levels of Igf2- and Mest-imprinting control regions (ICRs) increased abnormally. CONCLUSION In the mouse model, ART can interfere with the gene expression pattern in the heart and spleen of the adult offspring and that these changes are related to the aberrant expression of epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linlin Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Meng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Meng, ; Cuilian Zhang,
| | - Cuilian Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Meng, ; Cuilian Zhang,
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Proietti R, Giordani AS, Lorenzo CA. ROCK (RhoA/Rho Kinase) Activation in Atrial Fibrillation: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Implications. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e171122210986. [PMID: 36625201 PMCID: PMC10280999 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666221117092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the complex mechanisms of AF pathogenesis, intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress play a major role, both triggered by inflammatory processes. The additional basic event taking place in AF is atrial fibrotic remodeling, again triggered by oxidative stress, which is determined by connexins rearrangement and differentiation of fibroblasts into active collagensecreting myofibroblasts. RhoA/ROCK system is the final pathway of a wide spectrum of molecular effectors such as Angiotensin II, platelet-derived growth factor, connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β, that overall determine calcium dysregulation and pro-fibrotic remodeling. Both in experimental and clinical studies, RhoA/ROCK activation has been linked to superoxide ion production, fibrotic remodeling and connexins rearrangement, with important consequences for AF pathogenesis. ROCK pathway inhibition may therefore be a therapeutic or preventive target for special AF subgroups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea S. Giordani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Calò A. Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Padua and Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
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15
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Zhang H, Li H, Lu M, Wang S, Ma X, Wang F, Liu J, Li X, Yang H, Zhang F, Shen H, Buckley NJ, Gamper N, Yamoah EN, Lv P. Repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor deficiency yields profound hearing loss through K v7.4 channel upsurge in auditory neurons and hair cells. eLife 2022; 11:76754. [PMID: 36125121 PMCID: PMC9525063 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is a transcriptional repressor that recognizes neuron-restrictive silencer elements in the mammalian genomes in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. The identity of REST target genes and molecular details of how REST regulates them are emerging. We performed conditional null deletion of Rest (cKO), mainly restricted to murine hair cells (HCs) and auditory neurons (aka spiral ganglion neurons [SGNs]). Null inactivation of full-length REST did not affect the development of normal HCs and SGNs but manifested as progressive hearing loss in adult mice. We found that the inactivation of REST resulted in an increased abundance of Kv7.4 channels at the transcript, protein, and functional levels. Specifically, we found that SGNs and HCs from Rest cKO mice displayed increased Kv7.4 expression and augmented Kv7 currents; SGN’s excitability was also significantly reduced. Administration of a compound with Kv7.4 channel activator activity, fasudil, recapitulated progressive hearing loss in mice. In contrast, inhibition of the Kv7 channels by XE991 rescued the auditory phenotype of Rest cKO mice. Previous studies identified some loss-of-function mutations within the Kv7.4-coding gene, Kcnq4, as a causative factor for progressive hearing loss in mice and humans. Thus, the findings reveal that a critical homeostatic Kv7.4 channel level is required for proper auditory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Hongchen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Mingshun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Xueya Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Haichao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Noel J Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Gamper
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ebenezer N Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
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16
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Chung E, Yafi FA. Pharmacotherapy in Peyronie's disease: a state-of-the-art review on established contemporary and emerging drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1035-1042. [PMID: 35209789 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2043274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current clinical guidelines on Peyronie's disease (PD) advocate non-surgical treatment options as the first-line therapy despite inconsistent clinical outcomes when compared to definitive penile reconstructive surgery. AREAS COVERED This article examines the current understanding of established contemporary and emerging pharmacotherapies for PD. Emphasis has been placed on published clinical studies on drugs in the last 10 years. EXPERT OPINION Published studies have shown that combination therapy is likely more effective than monotherapy. Combined treatment modalities involving various oral and/or intralesional pharmacotherapies together with mechanical devices or clinical psychosexual therapy may provide additional or synergistic benefits for PD patients. A multidisciplinary approach coupled with more novel targets for pharmacological intervention could deliver a more effective treatment paradigm to prevent or at least delay the need for definitive penile reconstructive surgery. Drugs targeting the inhibition of TGF-β1 pathway and myofibroblast transformation are of great interest and studies into next-generation genetic sequencing and transcriptional biomarker regulatory pathways in PD will provide useful insights into the pathophysiology of PD, and assist the development of future regenerative technology including cellular-based therapies to target various anti-fibrotic molecular mechanisms and the potential to be integrated into existing treatment armamentarium for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chung
- AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane Qld and Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Urology, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faysal A Yafi
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Xie L, Wang T, Lin S, Lu Z, Wang Y, Shen Z, Cheng Y, Shen A, Peng J, Chu J. Uncaria Rhynchophylla attenuates angiotensin Ⅱ-induced myocardial fibrosis via suppression of the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112607. [PMID: 35062072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proven effective in treating hypertensive patients in China. However, the mechanisms of action of UR in reducing hypertension and myocardial fibrosis are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of UR in an angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) induced mouse model. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and infused with Ang Ⅱ (500 ng/kg/min) or saline, then administered UR (0.78, 1.56 or 3.12 g/kg/d) or saline for 4 weeks. UR treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of blood pressure caused by Ang Ⅱ. It enhanced myocardial function and attenuated the increase in the heart weight index and the pathological changes in the Ang Ⅱ-induced hypertensive mice. Furthermore, UR treatment inhibited cardiac fibrosis and significantly down-regulated collagen I, collagen Ⅲ, and α-SMA protein expression in cardiac tissues. UR also attenuated the expression of RhoA, ROCK1, CTGF, and TGF-β1. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts stimulated with Ang Ⅱ, UR significantly down-regulated the expression of Collagen I, Collagen III, RhoA, ROCK1, and α-SMA. In summary, UR can significantly attenuate Ang Ⅱ-induced hypertension and cardiac fibrosis, partly via suppression of the RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Shan Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Zhuqing Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Yilian Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Zhiqing Shen
- The People's Hospital of Fujian Traditional Medical University, No. 602, 817 Middle Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China.
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Chen Keji Academic Thought Inheritance Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Shi J, Wei L. Rho Kinases in Embryonic Development and Stem Cell Research. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:4. [PMID: 35043239 PMCID: PMC8766376 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs or Rho kinases) belong to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases and are major downstream effectors of small GTPase RhoA, a key regulator of actin-cytoskeleton reorganization. The ROCK family contains two members, ROCK1 and ROCK2, which share 65% overall identity and 92% identity in kinase domain. ROCK1 and ROCK2 were assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on their major common activators, their high degree kinase domain homology, and study results from overexpression with kinase constructs or chemical inhibitors. ROCK signaling research has expanded to all areas of biology and medicine since its discovery in 1996. The rapid advance is befitting ROCK’s versatile functions in modulating various cell behavior, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, polarity, cytokinesis, and differentiation. The rapid advance is noticeably driven by an extensive linking with clinical medicine, including cardiovascular abnormalities, aberrant immune responsive, and cancer development and metastasis. The rapid advance during the past decade is further powered by novel biotechnologies including CRISPR-Cas and single cell omics. Current consensus, derived mainly from gene targeting and RNA interference approaches, is that the two ROCK isoforms have overlapping and distinct cellular, physiological and pathophysiology roles. In this review, we present an overview of the milestone discoveries in ROCK research. We then focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in embryonic development, current research status using knockout and knockin mouse models, and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Lei Wei
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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Wei L, Shi J. Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886534. [PMID: 35769086 PMCID: PMC9234286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated complications increasingly jeopardize global health and contribute to the rapidly rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity-related diseases. Developing novel methods for the prevention and treatment of excess body adipose tissue expansion can make a significant contribution to public health. Rho kinase is a Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho kinase or ROCK). The ROCK family including ROCK1 and ROCK2 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Up-regulated ROCK activity has been involved in the pathogenesis of all aspects of metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The RhoA/ROCK-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in both white and beige adipogenesis. Studies using ROCK pan-inhibitors in animal models of obesity, diabetes, and associated complications have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. Studies via genetically modified animal models further established isoform-specific roles of ROCK in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders including obesity. However, most reported studies have been focused on ROCK1 activity during the past decade. Due to the progress in developing ROCK2-selective inhibitors in recent years, a growing body of evidence indicates more attention should be devoted towards understanding ROCK2 isoform function in metabolism. Hence, studying individual ROCK isoforms to reveal their specific roles and principal mechanisms in white and beige adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balancing regulation, and obesity development will facilitate significant breakthroughs for systemic treatment with isoform-selective inhibitors. In this review, we give an overview of ROCK functions in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance with a particular focus on the current understanding of ROCK isoform signaling in white and beige adipogenesis, obesity and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and other major metabolic organs involved in energy homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- *Correspondence: Lei Wei, ; Jianjian Shi,
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20
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Zhao MJ, Jiang HR, Sun JW, Wang ZA, Hu B, Zhu CR, Yin XH, Chen MM, Ma XC, Zhao WD, Luan ZG. Roles of RAGE/ROCK1 Pathway in HMGB1-Induced Early Changes in Barrier Permeability of Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cell. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697071. [PMID: 34745088 PMCID: PMC8564108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) causes microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction during acute lung injury (ALI) in sepsis, but the mechanisms have not been well understood. We studied the roles of RAGE and Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1) in HMGB1-induced human pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption. Methods In the present study, the recombinant human high mobility group box 1 (rhHMGB1) was used to stimulate human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). The endothelial cell (EC) barrier permeability was examined by detecting FITC-dextran flux. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability under rhHMGB1 treatments. The expression of related molecules involved in RhoA/ROCK1 pathway, phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), F-actin, VE-cadherin and ZO-1 of different treated groups were measured by pull-down assay, western blot and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we studied the effects of Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), ROCK1/2 siRNA, RAGE-specific blocker (FPS-ZM1) and RAGE siRNA on endothelial barrier properties to elucidate the related mechanisms. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that rhHMGB1 induced EC barrier hyperpermeability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by measuring FITC-dextran flux, a reflection of the loss of EC barrier integrity. Moreover, rhHMGB1 induced a dose-dependent and time-dependent increases in paracellular gap formation accompanied by the development of stress fiber rearrangement and disruption of VE-cadherin and ZO-1, a phenotypic change related to increased endothelial contractility and endothelial barrier permeability. Using inhibitors and siRNAs directed against RAGE and ROCK1/2, we systematically determined that RAGE mediated the rhHMGB1-induced stress fiber reorganization via RhoA/ROCK1 signaling activation and the subsequent MLC phosphorylation in ECs. Conclusion HMGB1 is capable of disrupting the endothelial barrier integrity. This study demonstrates that HMGB1 activates RhoA/ROCK1 pathway via RAGE, which phosphorylates MLC inducing stress fiber formation at short time, and HMGB1/RAGE reduces AJ/TJ expression at long term independently of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jiao Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Ran Jiang
- Department of Breast Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Wen Sun
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Rui Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Ming Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Luan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Sever S. Role of actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2607-2614. [PMID: 33188449 PMCID: PMC8116355 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of the glomerular filter is established by physical, chemical, and signaling interplay among its three core constituents: glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes. Functional impairment or injury of any of these three components can lead to proteinuria. Podocytes are injured in many forms of human and experimental glomerular disease, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. One of the earliest signs of podocyte injury is loss of their distinct structure, which is driven by dysregulated dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. The status of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes depends on a set of actin binding proteins, nucleators and inhibitors of actin polymerization, and regulatory GTPases. Mutations that alter protein function in each category have been implicated in glomerular diseases in humans and animal models. In addition, a growing body of studies suggest that pharmacological modifications of the actin cytoskeleton have the potential to become novel therapeutics for podocyte-dependent chronic kidney diseases. This review presents an overview of the essential proteins that establish actin cytoskeleton in podocytes and studies demonstrating the feasibility of drugging actin cytoskeleton in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Sever
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Rai B, Shukla J, Henry TD, Quesada O. Angiogenic CD34 Stem Cell Therapy in Coronary Microvascular Repair-A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:1137. [PMID: 34066713 PMCID: PMC8151216 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is an increasingly recognized disease, with a prevalence of 3 to 4 million individuals, and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity, mortality, and a worse quality of life. Persistent angina in many patients with INOCA is due to coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), which can be difficult to diagnose and treat. A coronary flow reserve <2.5 is used to diagnose endothelial-independent CMD. Antianginal treatments are often ineffective in endothelial-independent CMD and thus novel treatment modalities are currently being studied for safety and efficacy. CD34+ cell therapy is a promising treatment option for these patients, as it has been shown to promote vascular repair and enhance angiogenesis in the microvasculature. The resulting restoration of the microcirculation improves myocardial tissue perfusion, resulting in the recovery of coronary microvascular function, as evidenced by an improvement in coronary flow reserve. A pilot study in INOCA patients with endothelial-independent CMD and persistent angina, treated with autologous intracoronary CD34+ stem cells, demonstrated a significant improvement in coronary flow reserve, angina frequency, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class, and quality of life (ESCaPE-CMD, NCT03508609). This work is being further evaluated in the ongoing FREEDOM (NCT04614467) placebo-controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaj Rai
- Lindner Center for Research, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (B.R.); (T.D.H.)
| | - Janki Shukla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Timothy D. Henry
- Lindner Center for Research, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (B.R.); (T.D.H.)
| | - Odayme Quesada
- Lindner Center for Research, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (B.R.); (T.D.H.)
- Women’s Heart Center, Vascular and Lung Institute, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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23
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Bai Y, Du Q, Zhang L, Li L, Tang L, Zhang W, Du R, Li P, Li L. Fasudil alleviated insulin resistance through promotion of proliferation, attenuation of cell apoptosis and inflammation and regulation of RhoA/Rho kinase/insulin/nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway in HTR-8/SVneo cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1118-1127. [PMID: 33779714 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fasudil on insulin resistance (IR) in HTR-8/SVneo cells. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with insulin or/and fasudil. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and related signalling pathways were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Insulin treatment significantly enhanced the protein expressions of RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK1 and ROCK2), but decreased glucose consumption. Administration of fasudil effectively promoted glucose uptake. Moreover, fasudil enhanced cell viability and the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Insulin-mediated cell apoptosis was inhibited by fasudil via the down-regulation of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and the up-regulation of bcl-2. At the same time, fasudil led to the reduction of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels in insulin-treated cells. In addition, RhoA, ROCK2 and phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 (p-MYPT-1) expressions were down-regulated by fasudil. Importantly, fasudil activated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) through increasing p-IRS-1 (Tyr612) and p-Akt expressions. The nuclear NF-κB p65 and p-IκB-α levels were reduced via the administration of fasudil in insulin-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Fasudil mitigated IR by the promotion of cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation and regulation of RhoA/ROCK/insulin/NF-κB signalling pathway through in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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24
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Cai L, Jiang Y, Pan Y, Liang Y, Xian J, Jia L, Li L, Zhao H, Zhang Y. Cullin3-TNFAIP1 E3 Ligase Controls Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Ubiquitination of RhoB. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:617134. [PMID: 33553178 PMCID: PMC7859282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.617134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPase RhoB is the critical signaling component controlling the inflammatory response elicited by pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanisms of RhoB degradation in inflammatory response remain unclear. In this study, for the first time, we identified that TNFAIP1, an adaptor protein of Cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligases, coordinated with Cullin3 to mediate RhoB degradation through ubiquitin proteasome system. In addition, we demonstrated that downregulation of TNFAIP1 induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in TNFα-stimulated hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the activation of p38/JNK MAPK pathway via blocking RhoB degradation. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism of RhoB degradation and provided a potential strategy for anti-inflammatory intervention of tumors by targeting TNFAIP1-RhoB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyu Jiang
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfu Pan
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingrong Xian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhao M, Wu J, Wu H, Sawalha AH, Lu Q. Clinical Treatment Options in Scleroderma: Recommendations and Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:273-291. [PMID: 33449302 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are two major clinical subsets of scleroderma: (i) systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy, and excessive fibrosis of the skin and multiple internal organs and (ii) localized scleroderma (LoS), also known as morphea, is confined to the skin and/or subcutaneous tissues resulting in collagen deposition and subsequent fibrosis. SSc is rare but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality compared with other rheumatic diseases. Fatal outcomes in SSc often originate from organ complications of the disease, such as lung fibrosis, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and scleroderma renal crisis (SRC). Current treatment modalities in SSc have focused on targeting vascular damage, fibrosis, and regulation of inflammation as well as autoimmune responses. Some drugs previously used in an attempt to suppress fibrosis, like D-penicillamine (D-Pen) or colchicine, have been disappointing in clinical practice despite anecdotal evidence of their advantages. Some canonical medications, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and vasodilators, have had some success in treating various manifestations in SSc patients. Increasing evidence suggests that some biologic agents targeting collagen, cytokines, and cell surface molecules might have promising therapeutic effects in SSc. In recent years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), mostly autologous, has made great progress as a promising treatment option in severe and refractory SSc. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of SSc, there are currently no optimal treatments for all aspects of the disease. As for LoS, local skin-targeted therapy is generally used, including topical application of glucocorticoids or other immunomodulatory ointments and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In addition, systemic immunosuppressants are also utilized in several forms of LoS. Here, we comprehensively discuss current treatment options for scleroderma, encompassing old, new, and future potential treatment options. In addition, we summarize data from new clinical trials that have the potential to modify the disease process and improve long-term outcomes in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Immunology, and Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China. .,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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26
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Norden PR, Kume T. Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Lymphatic Endothelial Junction Integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:627647. [PMID: 33521001 PMCID: PMC7841202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.627647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is essential for lipid absorption/transport from the digestive system, maintenance of tissue fluid and protein homeostasis, and immune surveillance. Despite recent progress toward understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of the lymphatic vascular system, the nature of lymphatic vessel abnormalities and disease in humans is complex and poorly understood. The mature lymphatic vasculature forms a hierarchical network in which lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are joined by functionally specialized cell-cell junctions to maintain the integrity of lymphatic vessels. Blind-ended and highly permeable lymphatic capillaries drain interstitial fluid via discontinuous, button-like LEC junctions, whereas collecting lymphatic vessels, surrounded by intact basement membranes and lymphatic smooth muscle cells, have continuous, zipper-like LEC junctions to transport lymph to the blood circulatory system without leakage. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which lymphatic button- and zipper-like junctions play critical roles in lymphatic permeability and function in a tissue- and organ-specific manner, including lacteals of the small intestine. We also provide current knowledge related to key pathways and factors such as VEGF and RhoA/ROCK signaling that control lymphatic endothelial cell junctional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R Norden
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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27
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Nizari S, Wells JA, Carare RO, Romero IA, Hawkes CA. Loss of cholinergic innervation differentially affects eNOS-mediated blood flow, drainage of Aβ and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the cortex and hippocampus of adult mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:12. [PMID: 33413694 PMCID: PMC7791879 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysregulation and cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration are both early pathological events in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Acetylcholine contributes to localised arterial dilatation and increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) during neurovascular coupling via activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Decreased vascular reactivity is suggested to contribute to impaired clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) along intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD) pathways of the brain, leading to the development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, the possible relationship between loss of cholinergic innervation, impaired vasoreactivity and reduced clearance of Aβ from the brain has not been previously investigated. In the present study, intracerebroventricular administration of mu-saporin resulted in significant death of cholinergic neurons and fibres in the medial septum, cortex and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice. Arterial spin labelling MRI revealed a loss of CBF response to stimulation of eNOS by the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride in the cortex of denervated mice. By contrast, the hippocampus remained responsive to drug treatment, in association with altered eNOS expression. Fasudil hydrochloride significantly increased IPAD in the hippocampus of both control and saporin-treated mice, while increased clearance from the cortex was only observed in control animals. Administration of mu-saporin in the TetOAPPSweInd mouse model of AD was associated with a significant and selective increase in Aβ40-positive CAA. These findings support the importance of the interrelationship between cholinergic innervation and vascular function in the aetiology and/or progression of CAA and suggest that combined eNOS/cholinergic therapies may improve the efficiency of Aβ removal from the brain and reduce its deposition as CAA.
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28
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Yamamura A, Nayeem MJ, Sato M. The Rho kinase 2 (ROCK2)-specific inhibitor KD025 ameliorates the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:795-801. [PMID: 33160621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease that is characterized by the irreversible remodeling of the pulmonary artery. Although several PAH drugs have been developed, additional drugs are needed. Rho kinases (ROCKs) are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, and thus, their inhibitors may prevent the development of PAH. However, the therapeutic benefits of ROCK isoform-specific inhibitors for PAH remain largely unknown. The in vitro and in vivo effects of the ROCK2-specific inhibitor, KD025, were examined herein using pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertensive (PH) rats. The expression of ROCK1 was similar between normal- and IPAH-PASMCs, whereas that of ROCK2 was markedly higher in IPAH-PASMCs than in normal-PASMCs. KD025 inhibited the accelerated proliferation of IPAH-PASMCs in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 289 nM). Accelerated proliferation was also reduced by the siRNA knockdown of ROCK2. In MCT-PH rats, the expression of ROCK2 was up-regulated in PASMCs. Elevated right ventricular systolic pressure in MCT-PH rats was attenuated by KD025 (1 mg/kg/day). These results strongly suggest that enhanced ROCK2 signaling is involved in the pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of PAH, including accelerated PASMC proliferation and vascular remodeling in patients with PAH. Therefore, ROCK2 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Md Junayed Nayeem
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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29
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Imanishi A, Ichise H, Fan C, Nakagawa Y, Kuwahara K, Sumiyama K, Matsuda M, Terai K. Visualization of Spatially-Controlled Vasospasm by Sympathetic Nerve-Mediated ROCK Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:194-203. [PMID: 33069718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle is regulated primarily by calcium concentration and secondarily by ROCK activity within the cells. In contrast to the wealth of information regarding regulation of calcium concentration, little is known about the spatiotemporal regulation of ROCK activity in live blood vessels. Here, we report ROCK activation in subcutaneous arterioles in a transgenic mouse line that expresses a genetically encoded ROCK biosensor based on the principle of Fӧrster resonance energy transfer by two-photon excitation in vivo imaging. Rapid vasospasm was induced upon laser ablation of arterioles, concomitant with a transient increase in calcium concentration in arteriolar smooth muscles. Unlike the increase in calcium concentration, vasoconstriction and ROCK activation continued for several minutes after irradiation. Both the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, and the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blocker, hexamethonium, inhibited laser-induced ROCK activation and reduced the duration of vasospasm at the segments distant from the irradiated point. These observations suggest that vasoconstriction is initially triggered by a rapid surge of cytoplasmic calcium and then maintained by sympathetic nerve-mediated ROCK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Imanishi
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichise
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chuyun Fan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Terai
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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30
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Effects and Mechanisms of Acupuncture Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Neural Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Prospects. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8890655. [PMID: 33061954 PMCID: PMC7533022 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8890655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a structural event with devastating consequences worldwide. Due to the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the spinal cord in adults, the neural restoration after SCI is difficult. Acupuncture is effective for SCI-induced neurologic deficits, and the potential mechanisms responsible for its effects involve neural protection by the inhibition of inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis. Moreover, acupuncture promotes neural regeneration and axon sprouting by activating multiple cellular signal transduction pathways, such as the Wnt, Notch, and Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathways. Several studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of combining acupuncture with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is superior to either procedure alone. The advantage of the combined treatment is dependent on the ability of acupuncture to enhance the survival of MSCs, promote their differentiation into neurons, and facilitate targeted migration of MSCs to the spinal cord. Additionally, the differentiation of MSCs into neurons overcomes the problem of the shortage of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the acupuncture-treated SCI patients. Therefore, the combination of acupuncture and MSCs transplantation could become a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of SCI. Such a possibility needs to be verified by basic and clinical research.
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Mondejar-Parreño G, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A. Kv7 Channels in Lung Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32676036 PMCID: PMC7333540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases constitute a global health concern causing disability. According to WHO in 2016, respiratory diseases accounted for 24% of world population mortality, the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. The Kv7 channels family is a group of voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) encoded by KCNQ genes that are involved in various physiological functions in numerous cell types, especially, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons, and epithelial cells. Kv7 channel α-subunits are regulated by KCNE1–5 ancillary β-subunits, which modulate several characteristics of Kv7 channels such as biophysical properties, cell-location, channel trafficking, and pharmacological sensitivity. Kv7 channels are mainly expressed in two large groups of lung tissues: pulmonary arteries (PAs) and bronchial tubes. In PA, Kv7 channels are expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs); while in the airway (trachea, bronchus, and bronchioles), Kv7 channels are expressed in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), airway epithelial cells (AEPs), and vagal airway C-fibers (VACFs). The functional role of Kv7 channels may vary depending on the cell type. Several studies have demonstrated that the impairment of Kv7 channel has a strong impact on pulmonary physiology contributing to the pathophysiology of different respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic coughing, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. Kv7 channels are now recognized as playing relevant physiological roles in many tissues, which have encouraged the search for Kv7 channel modulators with potential therapeutic use in many diseases including those affecting the lung. Modulation of Kv7 channels has been proposed to provide beneficial effects in a number of lung conditions. Therefore, Kv7 channel openers/enhancers or drugs acting partly through these channels have been proposed as bronchodilators, expectorants, antitussives, chemotherapeutics and pulmonary vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Mondejar-Parreño
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
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Jena MK, Sharma NR, Petitt M, Maulik D, Nayak NR. Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Placenta. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060953. [PMID: 32599856 PMCID: PMC7357118 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, affecting about 5–7% of pregnancies worldwide and is characterized by hypertension and damage to multiple maternal organs, primarily the liver and kidneys. PE usually begins after 20 weeks’ gestation and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications and lifelong disabilities—even death—in both the mother and the infant. As delivery is the only cure for the disease, treatment is primarily focused on the management of blood pressure and other clinical symptoms. The pathogenesis of PE is still not clear. Abnormal spiral artery remodeling, placental ischemia and a resulting increase in the circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), also called soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), are believed to be among the primary pathologies associated with PE. sFlt-1 is produced mainly in the placenta during pregnancy and acts as a decoy receptor, binding to free VEGF (VEGF-A) and placental growth factor (PlGF), resulting in the decreased bioavailability of each to target cells. Despite the pathogenic effects of increased sFlt-1 on the maternal vasculature, recent studies from our laboratory and others have strongly indicated that the increase in sFlt-1 in PE may fulfill critical protective functions in preeclamptic pregnancies. Thus, further studies on the roles of sFlt-1 in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies are warranted for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF signaling for the treatment of PE. Another impediment to the treatment of PE is the lack of suitable methods for delivery of cargo to placental cells, as PE is believed to be of placental origin and most available therapies for PE adversely impact both the mother and the fetus. The present review discusses the pathogenesis of PE, the complex role of sFlt-1 in maternal disease and fetal protection, and the recently developed placenta-targeted drug delivery system for the potential treatment of PE with candidate therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
- Correspondence:
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India;
| | - Matthew Petitt
- Redwood Biomedical Editing, Redwood City, CA 94061, USA;
| | - Devika Maulik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (D.M.); (N.R.N.)
| | - Nihar Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (D.M.); (N.R.N.)
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Yi Z, Ke J, Wang Y, Cai K. Fluvastatin protects myocardial cells in mice with acute myocardial infarction through inhibiting RhoA/ROCK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2095-2102. [PMID: 32104271 PMCID: PMC7027326 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective effect of fluvastatin (Flu) on myocardial cells in mice with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the mechanism were explored. Forty C57B/L6 mice in similar physiological status were selected and randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group (n=10), AMI group (n=10), Flu group (n=10) and Flu + Angiotensin II (Ang II) (Ang II) group (n=10). The pathological changes in heart tissues were detected via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and apoptosis of myocardial cells was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, the expression levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined using relevant kits, and the expression levels of Ras homolog gene family (Rho)-associated coiled-coil protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), ROCK2, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the infarction region were determined using Western blotting. The infarction area in mice in Flu group was significantly smaller than that in AMI group. In AMI group, the level of MDA in the serum and infarction tissues was remarkably higher than that in Sham group (P<0.05), while that of SOD significantly declined (P<0.05). The level of MDA in Flu group was obviously lower than that in AMI group (P<0.05). The expression levels of Bax, NF-κB, ROCK1 and ROCK2 were obviously higher in AMI group than those in Sham group, while they were obviously lower in Flu group than those in AMI group (P<0.05). After the Rho member A (RhoA)/ROCK pathway agonist Ang II was added, the mitigation effect of Flu on myocardial apoptosis in the infarction region in AMI mice was evidently weakened. Flu mitigates AMI-induced myocardial apoptosis in mice, and the possible mechanism is that the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses activated and mediated by RhoA/ROCK are effectively inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenci Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Ke
- Department of Marine Biology, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yaoguo Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Kaijin Cai
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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Mbikou P, Rademaker MT, Charles CJ, Richards MA, Pemberton CJ. Cardiovascular effects of DWORF (dwarf open reading frame) peptide in normal and ischaemia/reperfused isolated rat hearts. Peptides 2020; 124:170192. [PMID: 31712056 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel peptide dwarf open reading frame (DWORF), highly conserved across species and expressed almost exclusively in cardiac ventricular muscle, may play a role in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. The effect of direct administration of DWORF in the intact heart has not previously been examined. Accordingly, we investigated the cardiac effects of DWORF (1-30 nM) in normal isolated perfused rat hearts and hearts undergoing ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and evaluated potential mechanisms of action. Exogenous DWORF at the top dose (30 nM) increased perfusion pressure (PP) in normal hearts, which indicates coronary vasoconstriction; and during post-ischaemic reperfusion, DWORF increased PP in a dose-dependent manner. In I/R hearts, DWORF at the top dose also increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and maximum and minimum derivatives of left ventricular pressure noted dP/dt(max) and dP/dt(min), respectively, without affecting developed pressure (DP). Co-infusion of DWORF with Diltiazem, an l-type Ca2+ channel blocker (1μM), in I/R hearts attenuated the falls in DP, dP/dt(max) and dP/dt(min) observed with Diltiazem alone. DWORF co-infusion with both Diltiazem and Y27632 (1μM) (a Rho-Kinase inhibitor) reversed the coronary vasodilator effect of the inhibitors administered alone. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that DWORF has coronary vasoconstrictor actions in normal hearts and when administered during reperfusion in an ex-vivo model of cardiac I/R injury, and also exhibits positive cardiac inotropic activity in the latter setting. DWORF's effect on ventricular contractile function appears to be dependent on the l-type Ca2+ channel, whereas Rho-Kinase activity may be related to the coronary vasoconstrictor effects of DWORF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Mbikou
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Miriam T Rademaker
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Charles
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark A Richards
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Pemberton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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35
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Duan JS, Chen S, Sun XQ, Du J, Chen ZW. Urotensin-#receptor antagonist SB-706375 protected isolated rat heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating myocardial necrosis via RhoA/ROCK/RIP3 signalling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1309-1318. [PMID: 31168686 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SB-706375 is a selective receptor antagonist of human urotensin-II (hU-II), which can block the aorta contraction induced by hU-II in rats. The effect of SB-706375 on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. The major objective of this study was to investigate whether SB-706375 has a protective effect on myocardial I/R injury in rats and explore its possible mechanisms. Isolated hearts of Adult Sprague-Dawley were perfused in a Langendorff apparatus, and haemodynamic parameters, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), RhoA, and the protein expressions of U-II receptor (UTR), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) were assessed. We found that SB-706375 (1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-5 mol/L) significantly inhibited the changes of haemodynamic parameters and reduced LDH and CK-MB activities and also cTnI level in the coronary effluents in the heart subjected to myocardial I/R injury. Further experiments studies showed that SB-706375 obviously prevented myocardial I/R increased RhoA activity and UTR, RIP3, ROCK1, and ROCK2 protein expressions. ROCK inhibition abolished the improving effect of SB-706375 on myocardial I/R-induced haemodynamic change in the isolated perfused rat heart. These findings suggested that SB-706375 provides cardio-protection against I/R injury in isolated rats by blocking UTR-RhoA/ROCK-RIP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Si Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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36
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Zhou Y, Little PJ, Ta HT, Xu S, Kamato D. Lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors: pharmacology and therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Vazirinejad Mehdiabad M, Zhou K, Chen Y, Li L, Guo J, Xu C. Enhanced anti-tumor effect of liposomal Fasudil on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223232. [PMID: 31581236 PMCID: PMC6776396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant cancers and the treatment options for this disease are limited and generally not effective. ROCK has been reported to be highly expressed in many cancer types and its inhibitor Fasudil has shown anti-cancer potential. However, its high toxicity and low solubility restrict its clinical application. Here, we report that Fasudil is effective against HCC and that a liposomal formulation (Lip-Fasudil) can enhance the anti-tumor effects of this drug both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Fasudil inhibited HCC cell growth with IC50 values of 0.025–0.04 μg/μL, with Lip-Fasudil showing slightly improved cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 0.02–0.025 μg/μL. Cellular mechanistic analysis indicated that Fasudil induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and that Lip-Fasudil enhanced this effect. Intriguingly, no apoptosis was detected in Fasudil- or Lip-Fasudil-treated HCC cells. In vivo, Fasudil inhibited the growth of HCC xenografts by 23% in nude mice. However, Lip-fasudil exerted anti-tumor effects (57% tumor inhibition) that were superior to those of Fasudil and similar to those of Topotecan (66%). In addition, Lip-fasudil resulted in an increased distribution of Fasudil in tumor tissues but a reduced distribution in normal organs. In conclusion, our results proved that Fasudil has the potential to be used for HCC treatment and that a liposomal formulation (Lip-Fasudil) could enhance anti-tumor efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Milad Vazirinejad Mehdiabad
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (CX); (JG)
| | - Chuanrui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (CX); (JG)
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38
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Hirunpattarasilp C, Attwell D, Freitas F. The role of pericytes in brain disorders: from the periphery to the brain. J Neurochem 2019; 150:648-665. [PMID: 31106417 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that disorders of the brain microvasculature contribute to many neurological disorders. In recent years it has become clear that a major player in these events is the capillary pericyte which, in the brain, is now known to control the blood-brain barrier, regulate blood flow, influence immune cell entry and be crucial for angiogenesis. In this review we consider the under-explored possibility that peripheral diseases which affect the microvasculature, such as hypertension, kidney disease and diabetes, produce central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction by mechanisms affecting capillary pericytes within the CNS. We highlight how cellular messengers produced peripherally can act via signalling pathways within CNS pericytes to reshape blood vessels, restrict blood flow or compromise blood-brain barrier function, thus causing neuronal dysfunction. Increased understanding of how renin-angiotensin, Rho-kinase and PDGFRβ signalling affect CNS pericytes may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to reducing the CNS effects of peripheral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
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39
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Abdel-Magid AF. Potential of ROCK Inhibitors as Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, and More. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:841-842. [PMID: 31223434 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Abdel-Magid
- Therachem Research Medilab, LLC., 100 Jade Park, Chelsea, Alabama 35043, United States
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40
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Strassheim D, Gerasimovskaya E, Irwin D, Dempsey EC, Stenmark K, Karoor V. RhoGTPase in Vascular Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E551. [PMID: 31174369 PMCID: PMC6627336 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-homologous (Rho)A/Rho-kinase pathway plays an essential role in many cellular functions, including contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis, inflammation, and its excessive activity induces oxidative stress and promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Given its role in many physiological and pathological functions, targeting can result in adverse effects and limit its use for therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of RhoGTPases with an emphasis on RhoA in vascular disease and its impact on endothelial, smooth muscle, and heart and lung fibroblasts. It is clear from the various studies that understanding the regulation of RhoGTPases and their regulators in physiology and pathological conditions is required for effective targeting of Rho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Edward C Dempsey
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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41
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Abbasgholizadeh R, Zhang H, Craft JW, Bryan RM, Bark SJ, Briggs JM, Fox RO, Agarkov A, Zimmer WE, Gilbertson SR, Schwartz RJ. Discovery of vascular Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitory peptides. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:940-951. [PMID: 31132884 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219849581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasgholizadeh
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - John W Craft
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert M Bryan
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven J Bark
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - James M Briggs
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert O Fox
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Anton Agarkov
- 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Warren E Zimmer
- 5 Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Scott R Gilbertson
- 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
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42
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Wang J, Zhang C, Li C, Zhao D, Li S, Ma L, Cui Y, Wei X, Zhao Y, Gao Y. MicroRNA-92a promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through the ROCK/MLCK signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3696-3710. [PMID: 30907506 PMCID: PMC6484312 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the interaction between known regulators of atherosclerosis, microRNA-92a (miR-92a), Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), we examined their expressions during proliferation and migration of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-regulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), both in vivo and in vitro. During the formation of atherosclerosis plaque in mice, a parallel increase in expression levels of MLCK and miR-92a was observed while miR-92a expression was reduced in ML-7 (an inhibitor of MLCK) treated mice and in MLCK-deficient VSMCs. In vitro results indicated that both MLCK and miR-92a shared the same signalling pathway. Transfection of miR-92a mimic partially restored the effect of MLCK's deficiency and antagonized the effect of Y27632 (an inhibitor of ROCK) on the down-regulation of VSMCs activities. ML-7 increased the expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4, a target of miR-92a), and siRNA-KLF4 increased VSMCs' activity level. Consistently, inhibition of either MLCK or ROCK enhanced the KLF4 expression. Moreover, we observed that ROCK/MLCK up-regulated miR-92a expression in VSMCs through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. In conclusion, the activation of ROCK/STAT3 and/or MLCK/STAT3 may up-regulate miR-92a expression, which subsequently inhibits KLF4 expression and promotes PDGF-BB-mediated proliferation and migration of VSMCs. This new downstream node in the ROCK/MLCK signalling pathway may offer a potential intervention target for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shuyao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Le Ma
- College of StomatologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Medical Molecular BiologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Medical Molecular BiologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Medical Molecular BiologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Medical Molecular BiologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Ma H, He K, Zhu J, Li X, Ye X. The anti-hyperglycemia effects of Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids: A systematic review of modern pharmacological studies of the traditional herbal medicine. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:210-220. [PMID: 30836124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a common endocrine system disease, which seriously affects people's health with a increasing morbidity in recent years. Rhizoma Coptidis (RC), one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, has been applied to treat diabetes in clinic for thousands of years. Since scientists demonstrated that alkaloids from RC owned the amazing anti-hyperglycemia activities 30 years ago, these compounds have been widely used for the treatment of diabetes and hyperglycemia with unconspicuous toxicities and side effects. With the help of molecular biology, immunology and other techniques, the mechanisms about anti-hyperglycemia effect of RC alkaloids have been extensively discussed. Numerous studies showed that RC alkaloids balanced the glucose homeostasis not only by widely recognizing insulin resistance pathways, but also by promoting insulin secretion, regulating intestinal hormones, ameliorating gut microbiota structures and many other ways. In this review, we combine the latest advances and systematically summarize the mechanisms of RC alkaloids in treating hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy to provide a deeper understanding of these natural alkaloids. In addition, the important role of gut microbiota associated with the glucose metabolism is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ma
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Molecular mechanism of lysophosphatidic acid-induced hypertensive response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2662. [PMID: 30804442 PMCID: PMC6389983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a blood-derived bioactive lipid with numerous biological activities exerted mainly through six defined G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-LPA6). LPA was first identified as a vasoactive compound because it induced transient hypertension when injected intravenously in rodents. Here, we examined the molecular mechanism underlying the LPA-induced hypertensive response. The LPA-induced hypertensive response was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with a Rho kinase inhibitor, which blocks Gα12/13 signaling. Consistent with this, the response was weakened in KO mice of LPA4, a Gα12/13-coupling LPA receptor. KO mice of another Gα12/13-coupling LPA receptor, LPA6, also showed an attenuated LPA-induced hypertensive response. However, LPA6 KO mice also displayed attenuated pressor responses to an adrenergic agent and abnormal blood vessel formation. Using several LPA analogs with varied affinity for each LPA receptor, we found a good correlation between the hypertensive and LPA4 agonistic activities. Incubated mouse plasma, which contained abundant LPA, also induced a hypertensive response. Interestingly the response was completely abolished when the plasma was incubated in the presence of an ATX inhibitor. Together, these results indicate that circulating LPA produced by ATX contributes to the elevation of blood pressure through multiple LPA receptors, mainly LPA4.
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Kant S, Freytag B, Herzog A, Reich A, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Krusche CA, Leube RE. Desmoglein 2 mutation provokes skeletal muscle actin expression and accumulation at intercalated discs in murine hearts. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.199612. [PMID: 30659114 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an incurable progressive disease that is linked to mutations in genes coding for components of desmosomal adhesions that are localized to the intercalated disc region, which electromechanically couples adjacent cardiomyocytes. To date, the underlying molecular dysfunctions are not well characterized. In two murine AC models, we find an upregulation of the skeletal muscle actin gene (Acta1), which is known to be a compensatory reaction to compromised heart function. Expression of this gene is elevated prior to visible morphological alterations and clinical symptoms, and persists throughout pathogenesis with an additional major rise during the chronic disease stage. We provide evidence that the increased Acta1 transcription is initiated through nuclear activation of the serum response transcription factor (SRF) by its transcriptional co-activator megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 protein (MKL1, also known as MRTFA). Our data further suggest that perturbed desmosomal adhesion causes Acta1 overexpression during the early stages of the disease, which is amplified by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) release from fibrotic lesions and surrounding cardiomyocytes during later disease stages. These observations highlight a hitherto unknown molecular AC pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Freytag
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonia Herzog
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Reich
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7, Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7, Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Krusche
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Xu X, Shi L, Ma X, Su H, Ma G, Wu X, Ying K, Zhang R. RhoA-Rho associated kinase signaling leads to renin-angiotensin system imbalance and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 has a protective role in acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 2019; 176:85-94. [PMID: 30784777 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Although the anatomical obstruction of the pulmonary vascular bed initiates APE, recent studies have suggested that vasoconstrictors in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) play a role in the severity of APE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a 5-year retrospective clinical study to analyze the key RAS components in APE patients, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin 1-7(Ang(1-7)). The role of RhoA-Rho associated kinase (ROCK) signaling in regulating RAS vasoconstrictors was detected in rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells and in an APE rat model. RESULTS In clinical study, we found that the levels of RAS vasoconstrictors were correlated with the clinical classification of APE patients, ACE and Ang II were unregulated, whereas ACE2 and Ang(1-7) were downregulated in the high-risk group compared to the healthy volunteers. In animal study, we found that activated RhoA-ROCK signaling was responsible for the imbalance in RAS vasoconstrictors both in vitro and in vivo, and further evidence indicated that ROCK inhibitors (Y27632 or HA1077) and an ACE2 activator (Resorcinol naphthalein) restored the dysregulated RAS vasoconstrictors significantly and had a protective role in an APE rat model. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that RhoA-ROCK signaling leads to RAS imbalance in APE patients, and ACE2 activation might be a novel therapeutic target in APE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuhong Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Cantoni S, Cavalli S, Pastore F, Accetta A, Pala D, Vaccaro F, Cesari N, De Logu F, Nassini R, Villetti G, Facchinetti F. Pharmacological characterization of a highly selective Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor and its therapeutic effects in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 850:126-134. [PMID: 30753868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the role of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) in experimental pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) relies mainly on the use of pharmacological inhibitors. However, interpreting these data is hampered by the lack of specificity of commonly utilized inhibitors. To fill this gap, we have selected and characterized a novel ROCK inhibitor, Compound 3, previously described in a patent. Inhibitory potency of Compound 3 against enzymatic activity of ROCK-1 and 2 (IC50 = 10 ± 3.1 and 7.8 ± 0.5 nM, respectively) was accompanied by a strong vasodilating effect in phenylephrine pre-contracted isolated rat pulmonary artery rings (IC50 = 51.7 ± 9.1 nM) as well as in aortic rings (IC50 = 45.5 ± 1.1 nM). Compound 3 showed a remarkable selectivity towards ROCK 1 and 2 when tested against a large panel (>400) of human kinases. A partial explanation for its selectivity is provided from docking simulations within ROCK-1. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that Compound 3 is suitable for a twice daily administration without significant accumulation upon repeated dosing. In rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension, therapy with Compound 3, (1 and 3 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d.), started 14 days after induction of the disease, attenuated right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) increase. Morphometric histological analysis showed that Compound 3, at both doses, counteracted MCT-induced medial thickening of lung distal arterioles with an effect comparable to macitentan (10 mg/kg, p.o., q.d.). Compound 3 is a potent and highly selective ROCK inhibitor that ameliorates hemodynamic parameters and counteracts pulmonary vascular remodeling in experimental PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cantoni
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalli
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Fiorella Pastore
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Accetta
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pala
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Vaccaro
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Cesari
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gino Villetti
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
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Zhao M, Fan C, Ernst PJ, Tang Y, Zhu H, Mattapally S, Oduk Y, Borovjagin AV, Zhou L, Zhang J, Zhu W. Y-27632 preconditioning enhances transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction mice. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:343-356. [PMID: 30107391 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The effectiveness of cell-based treatments for regenerative myocardial therapy is limited by low rates of cell engraftment. Y-27632 inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), which regulates the cytoskeletal changes associated with cell adhesion, and has been used to protect cultured cells during their passaging. Here, we investigated whether preconditioning of cardiomyocytes, derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM), with Y-27632 improves their survival and engraftment in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and results After MI induction, mice were subjected to intramyocardial injections of phosphate-buffered saline, hiPSC-CM cultured under standard conditions (hiPSC-CM-RI), or Y-27632-preconditioned hiPSC-CM (hiPSC-CM+RI). The resulting engraftment rate calculated 4 weeks after implantation was significantly higher and the abundance of apoptotic transplanted cells was significantly lower in hiPSC-CM+RI recipients than in hiPSC-CM-RI animals. In cultured hiPSC-CM, Y-27632-preconditioning reversibly reduced contractile activity and the expression of troponin genes, while increasing their attachment to an underlying mouse cardiomyocyte (HL1) monolayer. Y-27632 preconditioning also increased the expression of N-cadherin and integrin ß1, the two cell junction proteins. hiPSC-CM+RI were also larger in cell area with greater cytoskeletal alignment and a more rod-like shape than hiPSC-CM-RI, both after transplantation (in vivo) and in culture. The effects of Y-27632 preconditioning on contractile activity and morphology of hiPSC-CMs in culture, as well as on their engraftment rate and apoptotic death in MI mouse grafts, could be recapitulated by hiPSC-CM treatment with the L-type calcium-channel blocker verapamil. Conclusion Preconditioning with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 increased the engraftment of transplanted hiPSC-CM in a murine MI model, while reversibly impairing hiPSC-CM contractility and promoting adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; and
| | - Patrick J Ernst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hanxi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Saidulu Mattapally
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yasin Oduk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anton V Borovjagin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, VH G094E, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wei J, Wang P, Li Y, Dou Q, Lin J, Tao W, Lin J, Fu X, Huang Z, Zhang W. Inhibition of RHO Kinase by Fasudil Attenuates Ischemic Lung Injury After Cardiac Arrest in Rats. Shock 2018; 50:706-713. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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50
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Rho kinase, a potential target in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1024-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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