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Gaydarski L, Dimitrova IN, Stanchev S, Iliev A, Kotov G, Kirkov V, Stamenov N, Dikov T, Georgiev GP, Landzhov B. Unraveling the Complex Molecular Interplay and Vascular Adaptive Changes in Hypertension-Induced Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1723. [PMID: 39200188 PMCID: PMC11351430 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the natural mechanism by which fresh blood vessels develop from preexisting ones, is altered in arterial hypertension (AH), impacting renal function. Studies have shown that hypertension-induced renal damage involves changes in capillary density (CD), indicating alterations in vascularization. We aimed to elucidate the role of the apelin receptor (APLNR), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hypertension-induced renal damage. We used two groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats aged 6 and 12 months, representing different stages of AH, and compared them to age-matched normotensive controls. The kidney tissue samples were prepared through a well-established protocol. All data analysis was conducted with a dedicated software program. APLNR was localized in tubular epithelial cells and the endothelial cells of the glomeruli, with higher expression in older SHRs. The localization of nNOS and VEGF was similar. The expression of APLNR and nNOS increased with AH progression, while VEGF levels decreased. CD was lower in young SHRs compared to controls and decreased significantly in older SHRs in comparison to age-matched controls. Our statistical analysis revealed significant differences in molecule expression between age groups and varying correlations between the expression of the three molecules and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubomir Gaydarski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.G.); (S.S.); (A.I.); (N.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Iva N. Dimitrova
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital “St. Ekaterina”, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Stancho Stanchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.G.); (S.S.); (A.I.); (N.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Alexandar Iliev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.G.); (S.S.); (A.I.); (N.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Georgi Kotov
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital “St. Ivan Rilski”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1612 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vidin Kirkov
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health “Prof. Dr. Tzekomir Vodenicharov”, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Nikola Stamenov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.G.); (S.S.); (A.I.); (N.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Tihomir Dikov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Georgi P. Georgiev
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Queen Giovanna-ISUL, Medical University of Sofia, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.G.); (S.S.); (A.I.); (N.S.); (B.L.)
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Buneeva OA, Fedchenko VI, Kaloshina SA, Zavyalova MG, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. Comparative proteomic analysis of renal tissue of normotensive and hypertensive rats. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:89-98. [PMID: 38711408 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Comparative proteomic analysis of kidney tissue from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats revealed quantitative and qualitative changes in renal proteins. The number of renal proteins specific for WKY rats (blood pressure 110-120 mm Hg) was 13-16. There were 20-24 renal proteins specific for SHR (blood pressure 180 mm Hg and more). The total number of identified renal proteins common for both rat strains included 972-975 proteins. A pairwise comparison of all possible (SHR-WKY) variants identified 8 proteins specific only for normotensive (WKY) animals, and 7 proteins specific only for hypertensive ones (SHR). Taking into consideration their biological roles, the lack of some enzyme proteins in hypertensive rats (for example, biliverdin reductase A) reduces the production of molecules exhibiting antihypertensive properties, while the appearance of others (e.g. betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2, septin 2, etc.) can be interpreted as a compensatory reaction. Renal proteins with altered relative content (with more than 2.5-fold change) accounted for no more than 5% of all identified proteins. Among the proteins with an increased relative content in hypertensive animals, the largest group consisted of proteins involved in the processes of energy generation and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as antioxidant and protective proteins. In the context of the development of hypertension, the identified relative changes can apparently be considered compensatory. Among the proteins with the most pronounced decrease in the relative content in hypertensive rats, the dramatic reduction in acyl-CoA medium-chain synthetase-3 (ACSM3) appears to make an important contribution to the development of renal pathology in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - V G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Kanoo S, Goodluck H, Kim YC, Garrido AN, Crespo-Masip M, Lopez N, Zhang H, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Ma LJ, Vallon V. Deletion, but Not Heterozygosity, of eNOS Raises Blood Pressure and Aggravates Nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob Mice. Nephron Clin Pract 2024; 148:631-642. [PMID: 38301618 PMCID: PMC11291698 DOI: 10.1159/000536522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ob/ob mice are a leptin-deficient type 2 diabetes mellitus model, which, on a BTBR background, mimics the glomerular pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Since leptin deficiency reduces blood pressure (BP) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) lowers BP and is kidney protective, we attempted to develop a more robust DN model by introducing eNOS deficiency in BTBR ob/ob mice. METHODS Six experimental groups included littermate male and female BTBR ob/ob or wild-type for ob (control) as well as wild-type (WT), heterozygote (HET), or knockout (KO) for eNOS. Systolic BP (by automated tail-cuff) and GFR (by FITC-sinistrin plasma kinetics) were determined in awake mice at 27-30 weeks of age, followed by molecular and histological kidney analyses. RESULTS Male and female ob/ob WT presented hyperglycemia and larger body and kidney weight, GFR, glomerular injury, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) despite modestly lower BP versus control WT. These effects were associated with a higher tubular injury score and renal mRNA expression of NGAL only in males, whereas female ob/ob WT unexpectedly had lower KIM-1 and COL1A1 expression versus control WT, indicating sex differences. HET for eNOS did not consistently alter BP or renal outcome in control or ob/ob. In comparison, eNOS KO increased BP (15-25 mm Hg) and worsened renal markers of injury, inflammation and fibrosis, GFR, UACR, and survival rates, as observed in control and, more pronouncedly, in ob/ob mice and independent of sex. CONCLUSIONS Deletion, but not heterozygosity, of eNOS raises blood pressure and aggravates nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Kanoo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Helen Goodluck
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Aleix Navarro Garrido
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Maria Crespo-Masip
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Natalia Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Li-Jun Ma
- CVMR&PH Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, LLC. Cambridge, MA and Spring House, PA
| | - Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
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Dhande IS, Zhu Y, Joshi AS, Hicks MJ, Braun MC, Doris PA. Polygenic genetic variation affecting antibody formation underlies hypertensive renal injury in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F317-F327. [PMID: 37439198 PMCID: PMC10511163 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00058.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During development of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), several distinct but closely related lines were generated. Most lines are resistant to hypertensive renal disease. However, the SHR-A3 line (stroke-prone SHR) experiences end-organ injury (EOI) and provides a model of injury susceptibility that can be used to uncover genetic causation. In the present study, we generated a congenic line in which three distinct disease loci in SHR-A3 are concurrently replaced with homologous loci from an injury-resistant SHR line (SHR-B2). Verification that all three loci were homozygously replaced in this triple congenic line [SHR-A3(Trip B2)] while the genetic background of SHR-A3 was fully retained was obtained by whole genome sequencing. Congenic genome substitution was without effect on systolic blood pressure [198.9 ± 3.34 mmHg, mean ± SE, SHR-A3(Trip B2) = 194.7 ± 2.55 mmHg]. Measures of renal injury (albuminuria, histological injury scores, and urinary biomarker levels) were reduced in SHR-A3(Trip B2) animals, even though only 4.5 Mbases of the 2.8 Gbases of the SHR-B2 genome (0.16% of the genome) was transferred into the congenic line. The gene content of the three congenic loci and the functional effects of gene polymorphism within suggest a role of immunoglobulin in EOI pathogenesis. To prove the role of antibodies in EOI in SHR-A3, we generated an SHR-A3 line in which expression from the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was knocked out (SHR-A3-IGHKO). Animals in the SHR-A3-IGHKO line lack B cells and immunoglobulin, but the hypertensive phenotype is not affected. Renal injury, however, was reduced in this line, confirming a pathogenic role for immunoglobulin in hypertensive EOI in this model of heritable risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we used a polygenic animal model of hypertensive renal disease to show that genetic variation affecting antibody formation underlies hypertensive renal disease. We proved the genetic thesis by generating an immunoglobulin knockout in the susceptible animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Aniket S Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael C Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
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Ansari A, Walton SL, Denton KM. Sex- and age-related differences in renal and cardiac injury and senescence in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:33. [PMID: 37217968 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences play a critical role in the incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases, whereby men are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to age-matched premenopausal women. Marked sex differences at the cellular and tissue level may contribute to susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and end-organ damage. In this study, we have performed an in-depth histological analysis of sex differences in hypertensive cardiac and renal injury in middle-aged stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs) to determine the interaction between age, sex and cell senescence. METHODS Kidneys, hearts and urine samples were collected from 6.5- and 8-month-old (Mo) male and female SHRSPs. Urine samples were assayed for albumin and creatinine content. Kidneys and hearts were screened for a suite of cellular senescence markers (senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p16INK4a, p21, γH2AX). Renal and cardiac fibrosis was quantified using Masson's trichrome staining, and glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis were quantified using Periodic acid-Schiff staining. RESULTS Marked renal and cardiac fibrosis, concomitant with albuminuria, were evident in all SHRSPs. These sequelae were differentially affected by age, sex and organ. That is, the level of fibrosis was greater in the kidney than the heart, males had greater levels of fibrosis than females in both the heart and kidney, and even a 6-week increase in age resulted in greater levels of kidney fibrosis in males. The differences in kidney fibrosis were reflected by elevated levels of cellular senescence in the kidney in males but not females. Senescent cell burden was significantly less in cardiac tissue compared to renal tissue and was not affected by age or sex. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a clear sex pattern in age-related progression of renal and cardiac fibrosis and cellular senescence in SHRSP rats. A 6-week time frame was associated with increased indices of cardiac and renal fibrosis and cellular senescence in male SHRSPs. Female SHRSP rats were protected from renal and cardiac damage compared to age-matched males. Thus, the SHRSP is an ideal model to investigate the effects of sex and aging on organ injury over a short timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Ansari
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walton
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Avvisato R, Mone P, Jankauskas SS, Varzideh F, Kansakar U, Gambardella J, De Luca A, Matarese A, Santulli G. miR-4432 Targets FGFBP1 in Human Endothelial Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:459. [PMID: 36979151 PMCID: PMC10045418 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate the expression of several target genes. Fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGFBP1) has been associated with endothelial dysfunction at the level of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the underlying mechanisms are mostly unknown and there are no studies investigating the relationship between miRs and FGFBP1. Thus, the overarching aim of the present study was to identify and validate which miR can specifically target FGFBP1 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which represent the best in vitro model of the BBB. We were able to identify and validate miR-4432 as a fundamental modulator of FGFBP1 and we demonstrated that miR-4432 significantly reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress, a well-established pathophysiological hallmark of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Avvisato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), New York, NY 10461, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Wen Y, Zhang X, Wei L, Wu M, Cheng Y, Zheng H, Shen A, Fu C, Ali F, Long L, Lu Y, Li J, Peng J. Gastrodin attenuates renal injury and collagen deposition via suppression of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082281. [PMID: 36733505 PMCID: PMC9887022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastrodin has been widely used clinically in China as an antihypertensive drug. However, its effect on hypertensive renal injury is yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of gastrodin on hypertensive renal injury and its underlying mechanisms by network pharmacology analysis and validation in vivo and in vitro. Methods: A total of 10 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly categorized into the following two groups: SHR and SHR + Gastrodin groups. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as the control group (n = 5). The SHR + Gastrodin group was intragastrically administered gastrodin (3.5 mg/kg/day), and the rats in both WKY and SHR groups were intragastrically administered an equal amount of double-distilled water for 10 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius red staining were used to detect the pathological changes and collagen content in the renal tissues. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to explore its potential targets and related pathways. In vitro, the CCK-8 assay was used to determine the cell viability. Immunohistochemistry and western-blotting analyses were employed to assess the protein expression associated with renal fibrosis and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway-related proteins in the renal tissues or in TGF-β1-stimulated rat kidney fibroblast cell lines (NRK-49F). Results: Gastrodin treatment attenuates renal injury and pathological alterations in SHRs, including glomerular sclerosis and atrophy, epithelial cell atrophy, and tubular dilation. Gastrodin also reduced the accumulation of collagen in the renal tissues of SHRs, which were confirmed by downregulation of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III protein expression. Network pharmacology analysis identified TGFB1 and SMAD2 as two of lead candidate targets of gastrodin on against hypertensive renal injury. Consistently, gastrodin treatment downregulated the increase of the protein expression of TGF-β1, and ratios of both p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Samd3/Smad3 in renal tissues of SHRs. In vitro, gastrodin (25-100 μM) treatment significantly reversed the upregulation of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, as well as p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein expressions without affecting the cell viability of TGF-β1 stimulated NRK-49F cells. Conclusion: Gastrodin treatment significantly attenuates hypertensive renal injury and renal fibrosis and suppresses TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Farman Ali
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linzi Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jiapeng Li, ; Jun Peng,
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jiapeng Li, ; Jun Peng,
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Grujić-Milanović J, Jaćević V, Miloradović Z, Milanović SD, Jovović D, Ivanov M, Karanović D, Vajić UJ, Mihailović-Stanojević N. Resveratrol improved kidney function and structure in malignantly hypertensive rats by restoration of antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide bioavailability. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113642. [PMID: 36942598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main cause of death among patients with malignant hypertension is a kidney failure. The promising field in essential and malignant hypertension therapy could be centered on the amelioration of oxidative stress using antioxidant molecules like resveratrol. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidative agent naturally occurred in many plants that possess health-promoting properties. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol, a polyphenol with anti-oxidative activity, in NG-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) - malignantly hypertensive rats (MHR). RESULTS Resveratrol significantly improves oxidative damages by modulation of antioxidant enzymes and suppression of prooxidant factors in the kidney tissue of MHR. Enhanced antioxidant defense in the kidney improves renal function and ameliorates the morphological changes in this target organ. Besides, protective properties of resveratrol are followed by the restoration of the nitrogen oxide (NO) pathway. 4) Conclusion: Antioxidant therapy with resveratrol could represent promising therapeutical approach in hypertension, especially malignant, against kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelica Grujić-Milanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zoran Miloradović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sladjan D Milanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Biomechanics, biomedical engineering and physics of complex systems, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Djurdjica Jovović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Ivanov
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Karanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Una-Jovana Vajić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Mihailović-Stanojević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Cardiovascular Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Fan L, Wang S, Liu Y, Gao W, Thomas KN, Fan F, Roman RJ. The adducin saga: pleiotropic genomic targets for precision medicine in human hypertension-vascular, renal, and cognitive diseases. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:58-70. [PMID: 34859687 PMCID: PMC8799388 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00119.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for stroke, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Previous genetic studies have nominated hundreds of genes linked to hypertension, and renal and cognitive diseases. Some have been advanced as candidate genes by showing that they can alter blood pressure or renal and cerebral vascular function in knockout animals; however, final validation of the causal variants and underlying mechanisms has remained elusive. This review chronicles 40 years of work, from the initial identification of adducin (ADD) as an ACTIN-binding protein suggested to increase blood pressure in Milan hypertensive rats, to the discovery of a mutation in ADD1 as a candidate gene for hypertension in rats that were subsequently linked to hypertension in man. More recently, a recessive K572Q mutation in ADD3 was identified in Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) and Milan Normotensive (MNS) rats that develop renal disease, which is absent in resistant strains. ADD3 dimerizes with ADD1 to form functional ADD protein. The mutation in ADD3 disrupts a critical ACTIN-binding site necessary for its interactions with actin and spectrin to regulate the cytoskeleton. Studies using Add3 KO and transgenic strains, as well as a genetic complementation study in FHH and MNS rats, confirmed that the K572Q mutation in ADD3 plays a causal role in altering the myogenic response and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow, resulting in increased susceptibility to hypertension-induced renal disease and cerebral vascular and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Letao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kirby N Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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10
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Stamenov N, Kotov G, Iliev A, Landzhov B, Kirkov V, Stanchev S. Mast cells and basic fibroblast growth factor in physiological aging of rat heart and kidney. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:504-518. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2024251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stamenov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Kotov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandar Iliev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vidin Kirkov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stancho Stanchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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11
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Stanchev S, Landzhov B, Kotov G, Stamenov N, Dikov T, Iliev A. The potential role of mast cells and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the development of hypertension-induced renal damage. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151599. [PMID: 32778237 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension-induced renal injury is a multifactorial process which plays a crucial role in the development of chronic kidney disease. Multiple studies have demonstrated that interstitial rather than glomerular changes correlate better with renal functional capacity. Recent evidence indicates that mast cells and cell signaling proteins such as fibroblast growth factor-2 may contribute to the progression of interstitial changes under hypertensive conditions. The aim of our study was to determine the localization of mast cells in the renal cortex and report on the changes in their number, to analyze the distribution of fibroblast growth factor-2, to assess the extent of renal fibrosis and to evaluate renal damage and correlate it with the changes in the number of mast cells in a model of hypertension-induced renal injury by comparing two age groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats. We used 6- and 12-month-old animals. A light microscopic study was conducted on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff stain, Mallory's trichrome method and toluidine blue. For the immunohistochemical study we used monoclonal antibodies against mast cell tryptase and fibroblast growth factor-2 and a polyclonal antibody against c-kit. The expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 was assessed semi-quantitatively. The number of mast cells was evaluated on toluidine blue-, tryptase- and c-kit-stained sections, as well as double-stained sections and a comparative statistical analysis with the Mann-Whitney test was conducted between the two age groups. Our results showed that mast cells were located mainly in the peritubular and perivascular areas and were absent in the region of the renal corpuscles. Their number increased significantly in 12-month-old animals. Immunostaining for tryptase, c-kit and double staining for both molecules yielded identical results. The immunohistochemical expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 increased in the kidneys of older animals, as did the percentage of collagen fibers. In addition, we described more severe renal damage in 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats and noted a positive correlation in both age groups between the number of mast cells on the one hand and glomerular sclerosis index and tubulointerstitial damage index, on the other. The results obtained in the present study support the pivotal role of mast cells in the development of hypertension-induced kidney damage.
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12
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Dhande IS, Kneedler SC, Zhu Y, Joshi AS, Hicks MJ, Wenderfer SE, Braun MC, Doris PA. Natural genetic variation in Stim1 creates stroke in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Genes Immun 2020; 21:182-192. [PMID: 32300198 PMCID: PMC7274944 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Similar to humans, the risk of cerebrovascular disease in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-A3/SHRSP) arises from naturally occurring genetic variation. In the present study, we show the involvement of genetic variation affecting the store-operated calcium signaling gene, Stim1, in the pathogenesis of stroke in SHR. Stim1 is a key lymphocyte activation signaling molecule and contains functional variation in SHR-A3 that diverges from stroke-resistant SHR-B2. We created a SHR-A3 congenic line in which Stim1 was substituted with the corresponding genomic segment from SHR-B2. Compared with SHR-A3 rats, Stim1 congenic SHR-A3 (SHR-A3(Stim1-B2)) have reduced cerebrovascular disease in response to salt loading including lower neurological deficit scores and cerebral edema. Microbleeds and major hemorrhages occurred in over half of SHR-A3 rats. These lesions were absent in SHR-A3(Stim1-B2) rats. Loss of Stim1 function in mice and humans is associated with antibody-mediated autoimmunity due to defects in T lymphocyte helper function to B cells. We investigated autoantibody formation using a high-density protein array to detect the presence of IgG and IgM autoantibodies in SHR-A3. Autoantibodies to key cerebrovascular stress proteins were detected that were reduced in the congenic line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sterling C Kneedler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aniket S Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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13
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Dhande IS, Zhu Y, Kneedler SC, Joshi AS, Hicks MJ, Wenderfer SE, Braun MC, Doris PA. Stim1 Polymorphism Disrupts Immune Signaling and Creates Renal Injury in Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014142. [PMID: 32075490 PMCID: PMC7335582 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the stroke‐prone line (SHR‐A3) develop hypertensive renal disease as a result of naturally occurring genetic variation. Our prior work identified a single‐nucleotide polymorphism unique to SHR‐A3 that results in truncation of the carboxy terminus of STIM1. The SHR‐B2 line, which is also hypertensive but resists hypertensive renal injury, expresses the wild‐type STIM1. STIM1 plays a central role in lymphocyte calcium signaling that directs immune effector responses. Here we show that major defects in lymphocyte function affecting calcium signaling, nuclear factor of activated T cells activation, cytokine production, proliferation, apoptosis, and regulatory T‐cell development are present in SHR‐A3 and attributable to STIM1. Methods and Results To assess the role of Stim1 variation in susceptibility to hypertensive renal injury, we created a Stim1 congenic line, SHR‐A3(Stim1‐B2), and STIM1 function was rescued in SHR‐A3. We found that Stim1 gene rescue restores disturbed lymphocyte function in SHR‐A3. Hypertensive renal injury was compared in SHR‐A3 and the SHR‐A3(Stim1‐B2) congenic line. Histologically assessed renal injury was markedly reduced in SHR‐A3(Stim1‐B2), as were renal injury biomarker levels measured in urine. Stim1 deficiency has been linked to the emergence of antibody‐mediated autoimmunity. Renal glomerular immunoglobulin deposition was greater in SHR‐A3 than SHR‐B2 and was reduced by Stim1 congenic substitution. Serum anti–double‐stranded DNA antibody titers in SHR‐A3 were elevated compared with SHR‐B2 and were reduced in SHR‐A3(Stim1‐B2). Conclusions Stim1 deficiency in lymphocyte function originating from Stim1 truncation in SHR‐A3 combines with hypertension to create end organ disease and may do so as a result of antibody formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX
| | - Sterling C Kneedler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX
| | - Aniket S Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX
| | - Michael C Braun
- Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX
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14
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Abdelbary M, Rafikova O, Gillis EE, Musall JB, Baban B, O'Connor PM, Brands MW, Sullivan JC. Necrosis Contributes to the Development of Hypertension in Male, but Not Female, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2019; 74:1524-1531. [PMID: 31656095 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis is a pathological form of cell death that induces an inflammatory response, and immune cell activation contributes to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Necrosis was measured in kidney, spleen, and aorta of 12- to 13-week-old male and female SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats); male SHRs had greater renal necrotic cell death than female SHRs. Because male SHRs have a higher blood pressure (BP) and a more proinflammatory T-cell profile than female SHRs, the current studies tested the hypothesis that greater necrotic cell death in male SHRs exacerbates increases in BP and contributes to the proinflammatory T-cell profile. Male and female SHRs were randomized to receive vehicle or Necrox-5-a cell permeable inhibitor of necrosis-from 6 to 12 weeks of age or from 11 to 13 weeks of age. In both studies, Necrox-5 decreased renal necrosis and abolished the sex difference. Treatment with Necrox-5 beginning at 6 weeks of age attenuated maturation-induced increases in BP in male SHR; BP in female SHR was not altered by Necrox-5 treatment. Necrox-5 decreased proinflammatory renal T cells in both sexes, although sex differences were maintained. Administration of Necrox-5 for 2 weeks in SHR with established hypertension resulted in a small but significant decrease in BP in males with no effect in females. These results suggest that greater necrotic cell death in male SHR exacerbates maturation-induced increases in BP with age contributing to sex differences in BP. Moreover, although necrosis is proinflammatory, it is unlikely to explain sex differences in the renal T-cell profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Olga Rafikova
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Ellen E Gillis
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Jacqueline B Musall
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology (B.B.), Augusta University
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Michael W Brands
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- From the Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia (M.A., O.R., E.E.G., J.B.M., P.O., M.W.B., J.C.S.), Augusta University
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15
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Singh S, Warren HR, Hiltunen TP, McDonough CW, El Rouby N, Salvi E, Wang Z, Garofalidou T, Fyhrquist F, Kontula KK, Glorioso V, Zaninello R, Glorioso N, Pepine CJ, Munroe PB, Turner ST, Chapman AB, Boerwinkle E, Johnson JA, Gong Y, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Blood Pressure Response to β 1-Blockers: Results From ICAPS (International Consortium of Antihypertensive Pharmacogenomics Studies). J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013115. [PMID: 31423876 PMCID: PMC6759913 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThere exists a wide interindividual variability in blood pressure (BP) response to β1-blockers. To identify the genetic determinants of this variability, we performed a pharmacogenomic genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants influencing β1-blocker BP response.Methods and ResultsGenome-wide association analysis for systolic BP and diastolic BP response to β1-blockers from 5 randomized clinical trials consisting of 1254 patients with hypertension of European ancestry were combined in meta-analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with P<10-4 were tested for replication in 2 independent randomized clinical trials of β1-blocker-treated patients of European ancestry (n=1552). Regions harboring the replicated SNPs were validated in a β1-blocker-treated black cohort from 2 randomized clinical trials (n=315). A missense SNP rs28404156 in BST1 was associated with systolic BP response to β1-blockers in the discovery meta-analysis (P=9.33×10-5, β=-3.21 mm Hg) and replicated at Bonferroni significance (P=1.85×10-4, β=-4.86 mm Hg) in the replication meta-analysis with combined meta-analysis approaching genome-wide significance (P=2.18×10-7). This SNP in BST1 is in linkage disequilibrium with several SNPs with putative regulatory functions in nearby genes, including CD38, FBXL5, and FGFBP1, all of which have been implicated in BP regulation. SNPs in this genetic region were also associated with BP response in the black cohort.ConclusionsData from randomized clinical trials of 8 European ancestry and 2 black cohorts support the assumption that BST1 containing locus on chromosome 4 is associated with β1-blocker BP response. Given the previous associations of this region with BP, this is a strong candidate region for future functional studies and potential use in precision medicine approaches for BP management and risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Nihal El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," Milan Italy
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Tatiana Garofalidou
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Department of Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Roberta Zaninello
- Hypertension and related diseases Centre Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Sassari Italy
| | - Nicola Glorioso
- Hypertension and related diseases Centre Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Sassari Italy
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Stephan T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
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16
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Obert LA, Frazier KS. Intrarenal Renin–Angiotensin System Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Progressive Nephropathy—Bridging the Informational Gap Between Disciplines. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:799-816. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623319861367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) is the most commonly encountered spontaneous background finding in laboratory rodents. Various theories on its pathogenesis have been proposed, but there is a paucity of data regarding specific mechanisms or physiologic pathways involved in early CPN development. The current CPN mechanism of action for tumorigenesis is largely based on its associated increase in tubular cell proliferation without regard to preceding subcellular degenerative changes. Combing through the published literature from multiple biology disciplines provided insight into the preceding cellular events. Mechanistic pathways involved in the progressive age-related decline in rodent kidney function and several key inflexion points have been identified. These critical pathway factors were then connected using data from renal models from multiple rodent strains, other species, and mechanistic work in humans to form a cohesive picture of pathways and protein interactions. Abundant data linked similar renal pathologies to local events involving hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), altered intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress (nitric oxide), and pro-inflammatory pathways (transforming growth factor β), with positive feedback loops and downstream effectors amplifying the injury and promoting scarring. Intrarenal RAS alterations seem to be central to all these events and may be critical to CPN development and progression.
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17
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Yang K, Wang Y, Ding Y, Cui H, Zhou D, Chen L, Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang W, Luan J. Valsartan chronotherapy reverts the non-dipper pattern and improves blood pressure control through mediation of circadian rhythms of the renin-angiotensin system in spontaneous hypertension rats. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1058-1071. [PMID: 31096810 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1610419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Haiju Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, XuanCheng Vocational & Technical college, XuanCheng, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Deixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wusan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
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18
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Pai AV, West CA, A de Souza AM, Cheng X, West DA, Ji H, Wu X, Baylis C, Sandberg K. Salt-sensitive (Rapp) rats from Envigo spontaneously develop accelerated hypertension independent of ovariectomy on a low-sodium diet. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R915-R924. [PMID: 30024774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00449.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inbred salt-sensitive (SS) rats developed by John Rapp and distributed by Harlan (SS/JrHsd) were shown to model ovariectomy-induced hypertension because on a low-sodium (LS) diet, ovariectomized SS (SS-OVX) animals became hypertensive in contrast to their sham-operated (SS-SHAM) normotensive littermates. After Harlan merged with Envigo in 2015, inconsistencies in the LS normotensive phenotype were reported. To further investigate these inconsistencies, we studied the effects of ovariectomy on SS and salt-resistant (SR) rats purchased from Envigo (SS/JrHsd/Env) between 2015 and 2017. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in SS rats on a LS diet exceeded 160 mmHg at 7 mo old. Ovariectomy at 3 mo had no detectable effect on MAP from 4 to 7 mo, nor did ovariectomy at 1.5 mo significantly affect MAP at 10 mo in either strain; only strain differences in MAP were observed [MAP: SR-SHAM ( n = 7 rats), 102 ± 3 mmHg; SR-OVX ( n = 6 rats), 114 ± 1 mmHg; SS-SHAM ( n = 7 rats), 177 ± 6 mmHg; SS-OVX ( n = 5 rats), 190 ± 12 mmHg; where P < 0.0001 vs. SR, same ovarian-status for SS-SHAM and SS-OVX, respectively]. Whole genome sequencing revealed more genomic variants of SS/JrHsd/Env, including single nucleotide and insertion deletion polymorphisms and higher heterozygous/homozygous ratios compared with the reference genome, than for SS/JrHsd/Mcwi and SS/Jr rats maintained in Milwaukee, WI and Toledo, OH, respectively, and which still exhibit normal blood pressure on a LS diet. These findings demonstrate that the female SS/JrHsd/Env rat has genetically diverged from the original phenotype, which was normotensive on a LS diet when the ovaries were intact but rapidly developed hypertension when the ovaries were removed. Nonetheless, the SS/JrHsd/Env rat could be a valuable model that complements other animal models of spontaneous hypertension used to investigate mechanisms of essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita V Pai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Crystal A West
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aline M A de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Xi Cheng
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - David A West
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Xie Wu
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Chris Baylis
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
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19
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Taetzsch T, Brayman VL, Valdez G. FGF binding proteins (FGFBPs): Modulators of FGF signaling in the developing, adult, and stressed nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2983-2991. [PMID: 29902550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family are involved in a variety of cellular processes. In the nervous system, they affect the differentiation and migration of neurons, the formation and maturation of synapses, and the repair of neuronal circuits following insults. Because of the varied yet critical functions of FGF ligands, their availability and activity must be tightly regulated for the nervous system, as well as other tissues, to properly develop and function in adulthood. In this regard, FGF binding proteins (FGFBPs) have emerged as strong candidates for modulating the actions of secreted FGFs in neural and non-neural tissues. Here, we will review the roles of FGFBPs in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Taetzsch
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Vanessa L Brayman
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Dhande IS, Cranford SM, Zhu Y, Kneedler SC, Hicks MJ, Wenderfer SE, Braun MC, Doris PA. Susceptibility to Hypertensive Renal Disease in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Is Influenced by 2 Loci Affecting Blood Pressure and Immunoglobulin Repertoire. Hypertension 2018; 71:700-708. [PMID: 29437896 PMCID: PMC5843527 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure exerts its deleterious effects on health largely through acceleration of end-organ diseases. Among these, progressive loss of renal function is particularly important, not only for the direct consequences of kidney damage but also because loss of renal function is associated with amplification of other adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Genetic susceptibility to hypertension and associated end-organ disease is non-Mendelian in both humans and in a rodent model, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Here, we report that hypertensive end-organ disease in the inbred SHR-A3 line is attributable to genetic variation in the immunoglobulin heavy chain on chromosome 6. This variation coexists with variation in a 10 Mb block on chromosome 17 that contains genetic variation in 2 genes involved in immunoglobulin Fc receptor signaling. Substitution of these genomic regions into the SHR-A3 genome from the closely related, but injury-resistant, SHR-B2 line normalizes both biomarker and histological measures of renal injury. Our findings indicate that genetic variation leads to a contribution by immune mechanisms hypertensive end-organ injury and that, in this rat model, disease is influenced by differences in germ line antibody repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Stacy M Cranford
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yaming Zhu
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sterling C Kneedler
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - M John Hicks
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael C Braun
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Peter A Doris
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas HSC at Houston (I.S.D., S.M.C., Y.Z., S.C.K., P.A.D.); and Department of Pediatrics (S.E.W., M.C.B.) and Department of Pathology and Immunology (M.J.H.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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21
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Kumarasamy S, Waghulde H, Cheng X, Haller ST, Mell B, Abhijith B, Ashraf UM, Atari E, Joe B. Targeted disruption of regulated endocrine-specific protein ( Resp18) in Dahl SS/Mcw rats aggravates salt-induced hypertension and renal injury. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:369-375. [PMID: 29570433 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a classic example of a complex polygenic trait, impacted by quantitative trait loci (QTL) containing candidate genes thought to be responsible for blood pressure (BP) control in mammals. One such mapped locus is on rat chromosome 9, wherein the proof for a positional candidate gene, regulated endocrine-specific protein-18 ( Resp18) is currently inadequate. To ascertain the status of Resp18 as a BP QTL, a custom targeted gene disruption model of Resp18 was developed on the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) background. As a result of this zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated disruption, a 7 bp deletion occurred within exon 3 of the Resp18 locus. Targeted disruption of Resp18 gene locus in SS rats decreases its gene expression in both heart and kidney tissues regardless of their dietary salt level. Under a high-salt dietary regimen, both systolic and diastolic BP of Resp18mutant rats were significantly increased compared with SS rats. Resp18mutant rats demonstrated increased renal damage, as evidenced by higher proteinuria and increased renal fibrosis compared with SS rats. Furthermore, under a high-salt diet regimen, the mean survival time of Resp18mutant rats was significantly reduced compared with SS rats. These findings serve as evidence in support of Resp18 as a gene associated with the development of hypertension and renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xi Cheng
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven T Haller
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Blair Mell
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Basrur Abhijith
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Usman M Ashraf
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ealla Atari
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
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22
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Tassi E, Lai EY, Li L, Solis G, Chen Y, Kietzman WE, Ray PE, Riegel AT, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Wellstein A. Blood Pressure Control by a Secreted FGFBP1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-Binding Protein). Hypertension 2018; 71:160-167. [PMID: 29158353 PMCID: PMC5730494 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) participate in organ development and tissue maintenance, as well as the control of vascular function. The paracrine-acting FGFs are stored in the extracellular matrix, and their release is controlled by a secreted FGF-binding protein (FGF-BP, FGFBP1, and BP1) that modulates FGF receptor signaling. A genetic polymorphism in the human FGFBP1 gene was associated with higher gene expression and an increased risk of familial hypertension. Here, we report on the effects of inducible BP1 expression in a transgenic mouse model. Induction of BP1 expression in adult animals leads to a sustained rise in mean arterial pressure by >30 mm Hg. The hypertensive effect of BP1 expression is prevented by candesartan, an angiotensin II (AngII) receptor antagonist, or by tempol, an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species. In vivo, BP1 expression sensitizes peripheral resistance vessels to AngII constriction by 20-fold but does not alter adrenergic vasoconstriction. FGF receptor kinase inhibition reverses the sensitization to AngII. Also, constriction of isolated renal afferent arterioles by AngII is enhanced after BP1 expression and blocked by FGF receptor kinase inhibition. Furthermore, AngII-mediated constriction of renal afferent arterioles is abolished in FGF2-/- mice but can be restored by add-back of FGF2 plus BP1 proteins. In contrast to AngII, adrenergic constriction is not affected in the FGF2-/- model. Proteomics and gene expression analysis of kidney tissues after BP1 induction show that MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling via MKK4 (MAPK kinase 4), p38, and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) integrates the crosstalk of the FGF receptor and AngII pathways and thus impact vascular tone and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tassi
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - Lingli Li
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - Glenn Solis
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - Yifan Chen
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - William E Kietzman
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - Patricio E Ray
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - Anna T Riegel
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - William J Welch
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.)
| | - Anton Wellstein
- From the Lombardi Cancer Center (E.T., W.E.K., A.T.R., A.W.) and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (E.Y.L., L.L., G.S., Y.C., W.J.W., C.S.W.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (E.Y.L.); and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, DC (P.E.R.).
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Dmitrieva RI, Cranford SM, Doris PA. Genetic Control of Serum Marinobufagenin in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat and the Relationship to Blood Pressure. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006704. [PMID: 28982675 PMCID: PMC5721872 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have investigated serum levels of immunoreactive marinobufagenin (MBG) in 16- to 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)-A3 and in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain in the absence of salt loading, and we have investigated the genetic control of serum MBG. METHODS AND RESULTS We genotyped the F2 progeny of an SHR-A3×WKY intercross using a genome-wide panel of 253 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers that were dimorphic between SHR-A3 and WKY and measured serum MBG by ELISA. Serum MBG levels were lower in SHR-A3 than WKY rats (0.39±0.07 and 1.27±0.40 nmol/L, respectively), suggesting that MBG may not play a role in the markedly divergent blood pressure measured by telemetry in rats of these 2 strains (SHR-A3 and WKY, 198.3±4.43 and 116.8±1.51 mm Hg, respectively). The strain difference in serum MBG was investigated to determine whether genomic regions influencing MBG might be identified by genetic mapping. Quantitative trait locus mapping indicated a single locus influencing serum MBG in the region of chromosome 6q12. Homozygosity of WKY alleles at this locus was associated with increased serum MBG levels. We surveyed whole genome sequences from our SHR-A3 and WKY lines, seeking coding sequence variation between SHR-A3 and WKY within the mapped locus that might explain the inherited strain difference in serum MBG. CONCLUSIONS We identified amino acid substitution in the sterol transport protein Abcg5, present in SHR-A3, but absent in WKY, that is a potential mechanism influencing MBG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata I Dmitrieva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Stacy M Cranford
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX
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Doris PA. Genetics of hypertension: an assessment of progress in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:601-617. [PMID: 28916635 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00065.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of gene mapping methods to uncover the genetic basis of hypertension in the inbred spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) began over 25 yr ago. This animal provides a useful model of genetic high blood pressure, and some of its features are described. In particular, it appears to be a polygenic model of disease, and polygenes participate in human hypertension genetic risk. The SHR hypertension alleles were fixed rapidly by selective breeding in just a few generations and so are presumably common genetic variants present in the outbred Wistar strain from which SHR was created. This review provides a background to the origins and genesis of this rat line. It considers its usefulness as a model organism for a common cardiovascular disease. The progress and obstacles facing mapping are considered in depth, as are the emergence and application of other genome-wide genetic discovery approaches that have been applied to investigate this model. Candidate genes, their identification, and the evidence to support their potential role in blood pressure elevation are considered. The review assesses the progress that has arisen from this work has been limited. Consideration is given to some of the factors that have impeded progress, and prospects for advancing understanding of the genetic basis of hypertension in this model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Doris
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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25
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Potucek P, Radik M, Doka G, Kralova E, Krenek P, Klimas J. Combination treatment with valsartan and amlodipine intensifies evening suppression of Bmal1 clock gene in kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afpuc-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) rhythm is exhibited in a circadian pattern regulated by complex system of endogenous factors. Administration of pharmacological treatment at the right time can influence the efficacy of treatment; but while kidneys play significant role in BP regulation, little is known about their role in chronopharmacotherapy. This study aimed to compare differences between morning and evening dosing with valsartan and amlodipine combination in both short-term and long-term settings and to elucidate the role of kidneys in chronopharmacology. Spontaneously hypertensive rats aged between 8 and 10 weeks were daily treated with 10mg/kg of valsartan and 4 mg/kg of amlodipine, either in the morning or in the evening with treatment duration of 1 and 6 weeks. After short-term treatment, only morning treatment group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in terms of BP control when compared to placebo. After long-term treatment, both treatment groups gained superior results in BP control against placebo; however, no significant difference was seen between morning and evening treatment. Interestingly, clock gene expression in kidney has been significantly modulated only in the evening-treated groups, with treatment intensifying the reduced Bmal1 levels, while Per2 expression was less altered. However, no direct relation with the outcomes of the therapy has been observed, suggesting that pharmacotherapy may serve as an independent modulator of peripheral circadian clock in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Potucek
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - M. Radik
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - G. Doka
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - E. Kralova
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - P. Krenek
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - J. Klimas
- Comenius University in Bratislava , Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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26
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Potucek P, Radik M, Doka G, Kralova E, Krenek P, Klimas J. mRNA levels of circadian clock components Bmal1 and Per2 alter independently from dosing time-dependent efficacy of combination treatment with valsartan and amlodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:754-763. [PMID: 28665713 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1324480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronopharmacological effects of antihypertensives play a role in the outcome of hypertension therapy. However, studies produce contradictory findings when combination of valsartan plus amlodipine (VA) is applied. Here, we hypothesized different efficacy of morning versus evening dosing of VA in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the involvement of circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. We tested the therapy outcome in short-term and also long-term settings. SHRs aged between 8 and 10 weeks were treated with 10 mg/kg of valsartan and 4 mg/kg of amlodipine, either in the morning or in the evening with treatment duration 1 or 6 weeks and compared with parallel placebo groups. After short-term treatment, only morning dosing resulted in significant blood pressure (BP) control (measured by tail-cuff method) when compared to placebo, while after long-term treatment, both dosing groups gained similar superior results in BP control against placebo. However, mRNA levels of Bmal1 and Per2 (measured by RT-PCR) exhibited an independent pattern, with similar alterations in left and right ventricle, kidney as well as in aorta predominantly in groups with evening dosing in both, short-term and also long-term settings. This was accompanied by increased cardiac mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In summary, morning dosing proved to be advantageous due to earlier onset of antihypertensive action; however, long-term treatment was demonstrated to be effective regardless of administration time. Our findings also suggest that combination of VA may serve as an independent modulator of circadian clock and might influence disease progression beyond the primary BP lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Potucek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Radik
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriel Doka
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kralova
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Krenek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Klimas
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Dhande IS, Zhu Y, Braun MC, Hicks MJ, Wenderfer SE, Doris PA. Mycophenolate mofetil prevents cerebrovascular injury in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:132-140. [PMID: 28011882 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00110.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-A3) develop strokes and progressive kidney disease as a result of naturally occurring genetic variations. We recently identified genetic variants in immune signaling pathways that contribute to end-organ injury. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a dysregulated immune response promotes stroke susceptibility. We salt-loaded 20 wk old male SHR-A3 rats and treated them with the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 25 mg/kg/day po) (n = 8) or vehicle (saline) (n = 9) for 8 wk. Blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly by telemetry. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, MMF-treated SHR-A3 rats had improved survival and lower neurological deficit scores (1.44 vs. 0.125; P < 0.02). Gross morphology of the brain revealed cerebral edema in 8 of 9, and microbleeds and hemorrhages in 5 of 9 vehicle-treated rats. These lesions were absent in MMF-treated rats. Brain CD68 expression, indicating macrophage/microglial activation, was upregulated in vehicle-treated rats with microbleeds and hemorrhages but was undetectable in the brains of MMF-treated rats. MMF also prevented renal injury in SHR-A3 rats, evidenced by reduced proteinuria (albumin:creatinine) from 7.52 to 1.05 mg/mg (P < 0.03) and lower tubulointerstitial injury scores (2.46 vs. 1.43; P < 0.01). Salt loading resulted in a progressive increase in BP, which was blunted in rats receiving MMF. Our findings provide evidence that abnormal immune activation predisposes to cerebrovascular and renal injury in stroke-prone SHR-A3 rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Michael C Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
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Wołkow PP, Bujak-Giżycka B, Jawień J, Olszanecki R, Madej J, Rutowski J, Korbut R. Perindoprilat changes ANG (1-9) production in renal arteries isolated from young spontaneously hypertensive rats after ANG I incubation. Physiol Res 2016; 65:561-570. [PMID: 26988149 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used mass spectrometry to quantitate production of angiotensinogen metabolites in renal artery of 3- and 7-month-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Tissue fragments were incubated for 15 min in oxygenated buffer, with added angiotensin I. Concentrations of angiotensins I (ANG I), II (ANG II), III (ANG III), IV (ANG IV), angiotensin (1-9) [ANG (1-9)], angiotensin (1-7) [ANG (1-7)], and angiotensin (1-5) [ANG (1-5)], excreted into the buffer during experiment, were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and expressed per mg of dry tissue. Effects of pretreatment with 10 microM perindoprilat on the production of ANG I metabolites were quantitated. Background production of any of ANG I metabolites differed neither between WKY and SHR rats nor between 3- and 7-month-old rats. Perindoprilat pretreatment of renal arteries resulted, as expected, in decrease of ANG II production. However, renal arteries of 7-month-old SHR rats were resistant to ACE inhibitor and did not change ANG II production in response to perindoprilat. In renal arteries, taken from 3-month-old rats, pretreated with perindoprilat, incubation with ANG I, resulted in the level of ANG (1-9) significantly higher in SHR than WKY rats. Our conclusion is that in SHR rats, sensitivity of renal artery ACE to perindoprilat inhibition changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Wołkow
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Mamenko M, Dhande I, Tomilin V, Zaika O, Boukelmoune N, Zhu Y, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Pochynyuk O, Doris PA. Defective Store-Operated Calcium Entry Causes Partial Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:2035-48. [PMID: 26574044 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the mechanism by which extracellular signals elicit prolonged intracellular calcium elevation to drive changes in fundamental cellular processes. Here, we investigated the role of SOCE in the regulation of renal water reabsorption, using the inbred rat strain SHR-A3 as an animal model with disrupted SOCE. We found that SHR-A3, but not SHR-B2, have a novel truncating mutation in the gene encoding stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), the endoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca(2+)) sensor that triggers SOCE. Balance studies revealed increased urine volume, hypertonic plasma, polydipsia, and impaired urinary concentrating ability accompanied by elevated circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in SHR-A3 compared with SHR-B2. Isolated, split-open collecting ducts (CD) from SHR-A3 displayed decreased basal intracellular Ca(2+) levels and a major defect in SOCE. Consequently, AVP failed to induce the sustained intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization that requires SOCE in CD cells from SHR-A3. This effect decreased the abundance of aquaporin 2 and enhanced its intracellular retention, suggesting impaired sensitivity of the CD to AVP in SHR-A3. Stim1 knockdown in cultured mpkCCDc14 cells reduced SOCE and basal intracellular Ca(2+) levels and prevented AVP-induced translocation of aquaporin 2, further suggesting the effects in SHR-A3 result from the expression of truncated STIM1. Overall, these results identify a novel mechanism of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and uncover a role of SOCE in renal water handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isha Dhande
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Viktor Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, and Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, and
| | | | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Manuel L Gonzalez-Garay
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
| | | | - Peter A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; and
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Klimas J, Olvedy M, Ochodnicka-Mackovicova K, Kruzliak P, Cacanyiova S, Kristek F, Krenek P, Ochodnicky P. Perinatally administered losartan augments renal ACE2 expression but not cardiac or renal Mas receptor in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1965-74. [PMID: 25766467 PMCID: PMC4549047 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of the alternative angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a new complex target for a pharmacological intervention. We investigated the expression of RAS components in the heart and kidney during the development of hypertension and its perinatal treatment with losartan in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Expressions of RAS genes were studied by the RT-PCR in the left ventricle and kidney of rats: normotensive Wistar, untreated SHR, SHR treated with losartan since perinatal period until week 9 of age (20 mg/kg/day) and SHR treated with losartan only until week 4 of age and discontinued until week 9. In the hypertrophied left ventricle of SHR, cardiac expressions of Ace and Mas were decreased while those of AT1 receptor (Agtr1a) and Ace2 were unchanged. Continuous losartan administration reduced LV weight (0.43 ± 0.02; P < 0.05 versus SHR) but did not influence altered cardiac RAS expression. Increased blood pressure in SHR (149 ± 2 in SHR versus 109 ± 2 mmHg in Wistar; P < 0.05) was associated with a lower renal expressions of renin, Agtr1a and Mas and with an increase in ACE2. Continuous losartan administration lowered blood pressure to control levels (105 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05 versus SHR), however, only renal renin and ACE2 were significantly up-regulated (for both P < 0.05 versus SHR). Conclusively, prevention of hypertension and LV hypertrophy development by losartan was unrelated to cardiac or renal expression of Mas. Increased renal Ace2, and its further increase by losartan suggests the influence of locally generated Ang-(1-7) in organ response to the developing hypertension in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michael Olvedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Kristek
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Ochodnicky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Braun MC, Herring SM, Gokul N, Monita M, Bell R, Zhu Y, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Wenderfer SE, Doris PA. Hypertensive renal injury is associated with gene variation affecting immune signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:903-10. [PMID: 25366137 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain exists in lines that contrast strongly in susceptibility to renal injury in hypertension. These inbred lines share common ancestry, and only 13% of their genomes arise from different ancestors. METHODS AND RESULTS We used next gen sequencing to detect natural allelic variation in 5 genes of the immunoreceptor signaling pathway (IgH, Dok3, Src, Syk, and JunD) that arise from different ancestors in the injury-prone SHR-A3 and the resistant SHR-B2 lines. We created an intercross between these lines, and in the F2 progeny, we observed that the inheritance of haplotype blocks containing the SHR-A3 alleles of these 5 genes correlated with increased albuminuria and histological measures of renal injury. To test whether accumulated genetic variation in this pathway may create a therapeutic target in hypertensive renal injury, rats of both lines were treated with the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). MMF reduced proteinuria (albumin to creatinine ratio) from 6.6 to 1.2 mg/mg (P<0.001) in SHR-A3. Glomerular injury scores were reduced in MMF-treated SHR-A3 from 1.6 to 1.4 (P<0.002). Tubulo-interstitial injury was reduced in MMF-treated SHR-A3 from 2.62 to 2.0 (P=0.001). MMF treatment also reduced renal fibrosis in SHR-A3 (3.9 versus 2.0; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Polygenic susceptibility to renal injury in hypertension arises in association with genetic variation in genes that participate in immune responses and is dramatically improved by reduction of immune system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Braun
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Stacy M Herring
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Nisha Gokul
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Monique Monita
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Rebecca Bell
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Yaming Zhu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Manuel L Gonzalez-Garay
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Peter A Doris
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (M.C.B., S.E.W.), and Institute of Molecular Medicine (S.M.H., N.G., M.M., R.B., Y.Z., M.L.G.-G., P.A.D.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
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Bakker ENTP, Groma G, Spijkers LJA, de Vos J, van Weert A, van Veen H, Everts V, Arribas SM, VanBavel E. Heterogeneity in arterial remodeling among sublines of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107998. [PMID: 25251068 PMCID: PMC4175999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have been used frequently as a model for human essential hypertension. However, both the SHR and its normotensive control, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), consist of genetically different sublines. We tested the hypothesis that the pathophysiology of vascular remodeling in hypertension differs among rat sublines. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied mesenteric resistance arteries of WKY and SHR from three different sources, at 6 weeks and 5 months of age. Sublines of WKY and SHR showed differences in blood pressure, body weight, vascular remodeling, endothelial function, and vessel ultrastructure. Common features in small mesenteric arteries from SHR were an increase in wall thickness, wall-to-lumen ratio, and internal elastic lamina thickness. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial dysfunction, vascular stiffening, and inward remodeling of small mesenteric arteries are not common features of hypertension, but are subline-dependent. Differences in genetic background associate with different types of vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik N. T. P. Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Gergely Groma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Léon J. A. Spijkers
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angela van Weert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk van Veen
- Van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- Van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ed VanBavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gonzalez-Garay ML, Cranford SM, Braun MC, Doris PA. Diversity in the preimmune immunoglobulin repertoire of SHR lines susceptible and resistant to end-organ injury. Genes Immun 2014; 15:528-33. [PMID: 25056448 PMCID: PMC4257902 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We used next-generation sequencing to identify IGH genetic variation in two closely related hypertensive rat lines that differ in susceptibility to end-organ disease (SHR-A3 and SHR-B2). The two SHR lines differ extensively at the IGH locus from the rat reference genome sequence (RRGS) and from each other, creating 306 sequence unique IGH genes. Compared to IGH genes mapped in the RRGS, 98 are null gene alleles (31 are null in both SHR lines, 45 are null in SHR-A3 only, and 23 are null in SHR-B2 only). Of the 306 divergent gene sequences, 126 result in amino acid substitution and, among these, SHR-A3 and SHR-B2 differ from one another at the amino acid level in 96 segments. Twelve pseudogenes in the RRGS had changes displacing the stop codon and creating probable functional genes in either or both SHR-A3 and SHR-B2. A further 5 alleles that encoded functional RRGS genes or open reading frames were converted to pseudogenes in either or both SHR-A3 and SHR-B2. These studies reveal that the pre-immune immunoglobulin repertoire is highly divergent among SHR lines differing in end organ injury susceptibility and this may modify immune mechanisms in hypertensive renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gonzalez-Garay
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Cranford
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M C Braun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P A Doris
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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