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Nuotio ML, Sánez Tähtisalo H, Lahtinen A, Donner K, Fyhrquist F, Perola M, Kontula KK, Hiltunen TP. Pharmacoepigenetics of hypertension: genome-wide methylation analysis of responsiveness to four classes of antihypertensive drugs using a double-blind crossover study design. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1432-1445. [PMID: 35213289 PMCID: PMC9586691 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2038418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension remains the leading risk factor of global disease burden, but its treatment goals are often not met. We investigated whether DNA methylation is associated with antihypertensive responses to a diuretic, a beta-blocker, a calcium channel blocker or an angiotensin receptor antagonist. In addition, since we previously showed an SNP at the transcription start site (TSS) of the catecholamine biosynthesis-related ACY3 gene to associate with blood pressure (BP) response to beta-blockers, we specifically analysed the association of methylation sites close to the ACY3 TSS with BP responses to beta-blockers. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study between leukocyte DNA methylation and BP responses to antihypertensive monotherapies in two hypertensive Finnish cohorts: the GENRES (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03276598; amlodipine 5 mg, bisoprolol 5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg, or losartan 50 mg daily) and the LIFE-Fin studies (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338260; atenolol 50 mg or losartan 50 mg daily). The monotherapy groups consisted of approximately 200 individuals each. We identified 64 methylation sites to suggestively associate (P < 1E-5) with either systolic or diastolic BP responses to a particular study drug in GENRES. These associations did not replicate in LIFE-Fin . Three methylation sites close to the ACY3 TSS were associated with systolic BP responses to bisoprolol in GENRES but not genome-wide significantly (P < 0.05). No robust associations between DNA methylation and BP responses to four different antihypertensive drugs were identified. However, the findings on the methylation sites close to the ACY3 TSS may support the role of ACY3 genetic and epigenetic variation in BP response to bisoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Liisa Nuotio
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Sánez Tähtisalo
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Lahtinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Donner
- Technology Centre, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Pitkänen N, Pahkala K, Rovio SP, Saijonmaa OJ, Nyman AE, Jula A, Lagström H, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Niinikoski H, Simell O, Fyhrquist F, Raitakari OT. Effects of Randomized Controlled Infancy-Onset Dietary Intervention on Leukocyte Telomere Length-The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020318. [PMID: 33499376 PMCID: PMC7911579 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced telomere length (TL) is a biological marker of aging. A high inter-individual variation in TL exists already in childhood, which is partly explained by genetics, but also by lifestyle factors. We examined the influence of a 20-year dietary/lifestyle intervention on TL attrition from childhood to early adulthood. The study comprised participants of the longitudinal randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) conducted between 1990 and 2011. Healthy 7-month-old children were randomized to the intervention group (n = 540) receiving dietary counseling mainly focused on dietary fat quality and to the control group (n = 522). Leukocyte TL was measured using the Southern blot method from whole blood samples collected twice: at a mean age of 7.5 and 19.8 years (n = 232; intervention n = 108, control n = 124). Yearly TL attrition rate was calculated. The participants of the intervention group had slower yearly TL attrition rate compared to the controls (intervention: mean = −7.5 bp/year, SD = 24.4 vs. control: mean = −15.0 bp/year, SD = 30.3; age, sex and baseline TL adjusted β = 0.007, SE = 0.004, p = 0.040). The result became stronger after additional adjustments for dietary fat quality and fiber intake, serum lipid and insulin concentrations, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and smoking (β = 0.013, SE = 0.005, p = 0.009). A long-term intervention focused mainly on dietary fat quality may affect the yearly TL attrition rate in healthy children/adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (N.P.); (S.P.R.); (O.S.); (O.T.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (H.L.); (H.N.)
- Auria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (N.P.); (S.P.R.); (O.S.); (O.T.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (H.L.); (H.N.)
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-40-578-6122
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (N.P.); (S.P.R.); (O.S.); (O.T.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (H.L.); (H.N.)
| | - Outi J. Saijonmaa
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (O.J.S.); (A.E.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Anna E. Nyman
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (O.J.S.); (A.E.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Institute for Health and Welfare, 20750 Turku, Finland;
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (H.L.); (H.N.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma S. A. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (J.S.A.V.); (T.R.)
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (J.S.A.V.); (T.R.)
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (H.L.); (H.N.)
- Department of Physiology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (N.P.); (S.P.R.); (O.S.); (O.T.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (H.L.); (H.N.)
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (O.J.S.); (A.E.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (N.P.); (S.P.R.); (O.S.); (O.T.R.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; (H.L.); (H.N.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Honkonen M, Vääräniemi K, Saijonmaa O, Nyman A, Tikkakoski AJ, Koskela J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Mustonen J, Fyhrquist F, Pörsti I. Leukocyte telomere length is inversely associated with arterial wave reflection in 566 normotensive and never-treated hypertensive subjects. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12376-12392. [PMID: 32575070 PMCID: PMC7343461 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are short segments in chromosome ends, the length of which is reduced during cell lifecycles. We examined the association of mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and short telomere proportion (STP) with hemodynamic variables in normotensive and never-treated hypertensive volunteers (n=566, 19-72 years). STP and mean LTL were determined using Southern blotting, and supine hemodynamics recorded using continuous tonometric pulse wave analysis and whole-body impedance cardiography. The analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, smoking, plasma chemistry, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In univariate analyses, mean LTL and STP both correlated with age, BMI, eGFR, aortic blood pressure, augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity (p<0.05 for all). Mean LTL also correlated with systemic vascular resistance (p<0.05). In linear regression analyses of all hemodynamic variables, mean LTL was only an independent explanatory factor for augmentation index (Beta -0.006, p=0.032), while STP was not an explanatory factor for any of the hemodynamic variables, in contrast to age, BMI and several cardiovascular risk factors. To conclude, augmentation index was predominantly related with chronological aging, but also with mean LTL, suggesting that this variable of central wave reflection is a modest marker of vascular biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milja Honkonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Vääräniemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Outi Saijonmaa
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum U2 Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Nyman
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum U2 Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti J. Tikkakoski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenni Koskela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum U2 Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Pörsti I, Honkonen M, Vääräniemi K, Saijonmaa O, Tikkakoski A, Koskela J, Eräranta A, Kähönen M, Mustonen J, Fyhrquist F. P36 Leukocyte Telomere Length is Inversely Associated with Wave Reflection in 566 Normotensive and Never-treated Hypertensive Subjects. Artery Res 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/artres.k.191224.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Singh S, Warren HR, Hiltunen TP, McDonough CW, El Rouby N, Salvi E, Wang Z, Garofalidou T, Fyhrquist F, Kontula KK, Glorioso V, Zaninello R, Glorioso N, Pepine CJ, Munroe PB, Turner ST, Chapman AB, Boerwinkle E, Johnson JA, Gong Y, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Blood Pressure Response to β 1-Blockers: Results From ICAPS (International Consortium of Antihypertensive Pharmacogenomics Studies). J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013115. [PMID: 31423876 PMCID: PMC6759913 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThere exists a wide interindividual variability in blood pressure (BP) response to β1-blockers. To identify the genetic determinants of this variability, we performed a pharmacogenomic genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants influencing β1-blocker BP response.Methods and ResultsGenome-wide association analysis for systolic BP and diastolic BP response to β1-blockers from 5 randomized clinical trials consisting of 1254 patients with hypertension of European ancestry were combined in meta-analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with P<10-4 were tested for replication in 2 independent randomized clinical trials of β1-blocker-treated patients of European ancestry (n=1552). Regions harboring the replicated SNPs were validated in a β1-blocker-treated black cohort from 2 randomized clinical trials (n=315). A missense SNP rs28404156 in BST1 was associated with systolic BP response to β1-blockers in the discovery meta-analysis (P=9.33×10-5, β=-3.21 mm Hg) and replicated at Bonferroni significance (P=1.85×10-4, β=-4.86 mm Hg) in the replication meta-analysis with combined meta-analysis approaching genome-wide significance (P=2.18×10-7). This SNP in BST1 is in linkage disequilibrium with several SNPs with putative regulatory functions in nearby genes, including CD38, FBXL5, and FGFBP1, all of which have been implicated in BP regulation. SNPs in this genetic region were also associated with BP response in the black cohort.ConclusionsData from randomized clinical trials of 8 European ancestry and 2 black cohorts support the assumption that BST1 containing locus on chromosome 4 is associated with β1-blocker BP response. Given the previous associations of this region with BP, this is a strong candidate region for future functional studies and potential use in precision medicine approaches for BP management and risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Nihal El Rouby
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," Milan Italy
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Tatiana Garofalidou
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research Helsinki Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Department of Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Roberta Zaninello
- Hypertension and related diseases Centre Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Sassari Italy
| | - Nicola Glorioso
- Hypertension and related diseases Centre Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Sassari Italy
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom
| | - Stephan T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics and Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL
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Fyhrquist F, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Dahlöf B. Response. Hypertension 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000179121.25791.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ala-Mutka EM, Rimpelä JM, Fyhrquist F, Kontula KK, Hiltunen TP. Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum uric acid concentration: a genome-wide association study. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:517-527. [PMID: 29580174 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To recognize genetic associations of hydrochlorothiazide-induced change in serum uric acid (SUA) concentration. PATIENTS & METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study on hydrochlorothiazide-induced change in SUA in 214 Finnish men from the GENRES study. Replication analyses were performed in 465 Finns from the LIFE study. RESULTS In GENRES, we identified 31 loci associated with hydrochlorothiazide-induced change in SUA at p < 5 × 10-5. rs1002976 near VEGFC associated with the change in GENRES and in LIFE. rs950569 near BRINP3 associated with the change in SUA in GENRES and LIFE. The analysis of previously reported SNPs and candidate genes provided some proof for PADI4 and ABCC4. CONCLUSION We report genetic markers that may predict the increase in SUA concentration during thiazide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero M Ala-Mutka
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni M Rimpelä
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Rimpelä JM, Kontula KK, Fyhrquist F, Donner KM, Tuiskula AM, Sarin AP, Mohney RP, Stirdivant SM, Hiltunen TP. Replicated evidence for aminoacylase 3 and nephrin gene variations to predict antihypertensive drug responses. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:445-458. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To replicate the genome-wide associations of the antihypertensive effects of bisoprolol and losartan in GENRES, using the Finnish patients of LIFE study. Patients & methods: We analyzed association of four SNPs with atenolol and three SNPs with losartan response in 927 Finnish LIFE patients (467 for atenolol and 460 for losartan). Results: rs2514036, a variation at a transcription start site of ACY3, was associated with blood pressure response to atenolol in men in LIFE. Response to bisoprolol was correlated to baseline plasma levels of N-acetylphenylalanine and phenylalanine (ACY3 substrate and end product, respectively) in GENRES study. NPHS1 variation rs3814995 was associated with losartan effect in LIFE. Conclusion: We provide support for two pharmacogenomic markers for beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M Rimpelä
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo K Kontula
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati M Donner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Timo P Hiltunen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Fyhrquist F, Grönhagen-Riska C, Forslund T, Hortling L. Physiological and Pharmacological Aspects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 18:39-43. [DOI: 10.1080/00365599.1984.11783713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frej Fyhrquist
- From the Unit of clinical Physiology, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, P. O. BOX 819, SF-00101 Helsinki 10, Finland and the IVth Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Carols Grönhagen-Riska
- From the Unit of clinical Physiology, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, P. O. BOX 819, SF-00101 Helsinki 10, Finland and the IVth Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Terje Forslund
- From the Unit of clinical Physiology, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, P. O. BOX 819, SF-00101 Helsinki 10, Finland and the IVth Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
| | - Lars Hortling
- From the Unit of clinical Physiology, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, P. O. BOX 819, SF-00101 Helsinki 10, Finland and the IVth Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
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10
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Karlberg BE, Fyhrquist F, Grönhagen-Riska C, Tikkanen I, Öhman KP. Enalapril and Lisinopril in Renovascular Hypertension Antihypertensne and Hormonal Effects of Two New Angio-Tensin-Converting-Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 18:103-106. [DOI: 10.1080/00365599.1984.11783725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt E Karlberg
- Hypertension-Endocrine Unit, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frej Fyhrquist
- University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden and IV Medical Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden and IV Medical Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Peter Öhman
- Hypertension-Endocrine Unit, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Grönhagen-Riska C, Fyhrquist F, Ahonen J, Willebrand EV, Häyry P. Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibition After Renal Transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 18:63-67. [DOI: 10.1080/00365599.1984.11783718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - F. Fyhrquist
- Fourth Departments of Surgery University of Helsinki
| | - J. Ahonen
- Fourth Departments of Medicine University of Helsinki
| | - E. von Willebrand
- Fourth Departments of Transplantation Laboratory University of Helsinki
| | - P. Häyry
- Fourth Departments of Transplantation Laboratory University of Helsinki
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12
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Fyhrquist F, Rosenlöf K, Grönhagen-Riska C, Räsänen V. Renin substrate (angiotensinogen) as a possible erythropoietin precursor. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 50:167-74. [PMID: 3542371 DOI: 10.1159/000412997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Strandberg TE, Saijonmaa O, Fyhrquist F. Re: "Association of leukocyte telomere length with breast cancer risk: nested case-control findings from the Shanghai Women's Health Study". Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:662-3. [PMID: 23788667 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between telomere length and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Circulating leucocyte telomere length and the proportion of telomeres <5 kb were analysed in blood DNA samples taken from 121 patients with exudative AMD (83%), large drusen (14%) or central geographic atrophy (3%). Controls consisted of 77 age-matched subjects without AMD. The AMD status was assessed by a masked analysis of fundus photographs or angiographs. Telomere length was measured by Southern blotting. RESULTS Mean (SD) telomere length was 7.76 kb (0.68) in AMD patients and 7.83 (0.69) in controls (p = 0.485). The corresponding proportions of telomeres <5 kb were 10.60 (2.76) and 10.05 (2.64) (p = 0.197). In this material, there was no correlation between telomere length and age, gender or smoking status. There were no differences between the major AMD risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CFH, HTRA1 or C3 genes, expect for somewhat longer telomeres in controls with the C3 risk SNP. There were no differences in telomere length between patients with drusen or exudative AMD. CONCLUSIONS Telomere length is not associated with exudative AMD or high-risk drusen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Immonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Savela S, Saijonmaa O, Strandberg TE, Koistinen P, Strandberg AY, Tilvis RS, Pitkälä KH, Miettinen TA, Fyhrquist F. Physical activity in midlife and telomere length measured in old age. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fyhrquist F, Eriksson A, Saijonmaa O, Nordestgaard BG, Kontula K, de Faire U, Ibsen H, Kjeldsen S, Os I, Dahlöf B. Telomere length is associated with ACE I/D polymorphism in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:227-34. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320312460292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Finland
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Saijonmaa
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Kimmo Kontula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ingrid Os
- Department of Nephrology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Norway
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Strandberg TE, Strandberg AY, Saijonmaa O, Tilvis RS, Pitkälä KH, Fyhrquist F. Association between alcohol consumption in healthy midlife and telomere length in older men. The Helsinki Businessmen Study. Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:815-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Telomeres are located at the end of chromosomes. They are composed of repetitive TTAGGG tandem repeats and associated proteins of crucial importance for telomere function. Telomeric DNA is shortened by each cell division until a critical length is achieved and the cell enters senescence and eventually apoptosis. Telomeres are therefore considered a 'biological clock' of the cell. Telomerase adds nucleotides to telomeric DNA thereby contributing to telomere maintenance, genomic stability, functions, and proliferative capacity of the cell. In certain rare forms of progeria, point mutations within the telomere lead to accelerated telomere attrition and premature aging. Endogenous factors causing telomere shortening are aging, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening is inhibited by estrogen and endogenous antioxidants. Accelerated telomere attrition is associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as age, gender, obesity, smoking, sedentary life-style, excess alcohol intake, and even mental stress. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases and CV aging are usually but not invariably associated with shorter telomeres than in healthy subjects. LTL appears to be a biomarker of CV aging, reflecting the cumulative burden of endogenous and exogenous factors negatively affecting LTL. Whether accelerated telomere shortening is cause or consequence of CV aging and disease is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frej Fyhrquist
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Strandberg TE, Saijonmaa O, Tilvis RS, Pitkälä KH, Strandberg AY, Salomaa V, Miettinen TA, Fyhrquist F. Telomere Length in Old Age and Cholesterol Across the Life Course. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:1979-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03610_13.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo E. Strandberg
- Unit of General Practice; Institute of Health Sciences and Geriatrics; University of Oulu and University Hospital; Oulu; Finland
| | | | - Reijo S. Tilvis
- Department of Medicine; Geriatric Clinic; University of Helsinki
| | | | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki; Finland
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Strandberg TE, Saijonmaa O, Tilvis RS, Pitkala KH, Strandberg AY, Miettinen TA, Fyhrquist F. Association of Telomere Length in Older Men With Mortality and Midlife Body Mass Index and Smoking. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:815-20. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Dahlman D, Fyhrquist F, Nilsson PM. [Telomeres, aging and life style--research with contradictory finding]. Lakartidningen 2010; 107:3053-3055. [PMID: 21287751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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22
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Lijnen PJ, Amery AK, Fagard RH, Fyhrquist F. Radioimmunoassay of angiotensin i in human plasma - comparison of two renin activity methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19800890905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether short telomere length of blood leucocytes from patients with type 1 diabetes is associated with or predictive of progression of diabetic nephropathy. DESIGN AND METHODS Two consecutive DNA samples were obtained from 132 patients from the nationwide Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study with type 1 diabetes. Control DNA samples were taken from 44 healthy blood donors. Telomere length was measured by Southern blot. Patients were divided into three groups according to their urinary albumin excretion rate (AER): 48 patients with normoalbuminuria (AER < 20 microg min(-1)); seven patients with microalbuminuria (AER > or = 20 microg min(-1) <200 microg min(-1)) and 77 patients with macroalbuminuria (AER > or = 200 microg min(-1)). Progression was defined as a change in albuminuria to a higher level. RESULTS Progression occurred in 21 patients. Progressors had shorter mean telomere length (8.1 +/- 0.7 kb, mean +/- SD; P = 0.017) and higher percentage of short telomeres (32.0 +/- 8%, P = 0.002) than nonprogressors (8.5 +/- 0.7 kb and 27 +/- 7.2%, respectively). Thus, both shorter telomeres (HR = 0.190, 95%CI 0.065-0.558, P = 0.0025) and higher proportion of short telomeres (HR = 1.115, 1.039-1.195, P =0.0023) were independent predictors of diabetic nephropathy. Telomere length was not associated with the degree of albuminuria and was not different in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Short telomeres are independent predictors of progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fyhrquist
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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24
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Kjeldsen SE, Devereux RB, Hille DA, Lyle PA, Dahlöf B, Julius S, Edelman JM, Snapinn SM, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H. Predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Blood Press 2010; 18:348-61. [PMID: 20001655 DOI: 10.3109/08037050903460590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed readily available patient characteristics, including albuminuria (not included in traditional cardiovascular risk scores), as predictors of cardiovascular events in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and developed risk algorithms/scores for outcomes. METHODS The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study compared effects of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy on cardiovascular events in 9193 patients with hypertension and LVH. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified baseline variables with significant impact on development of the primary composite endpoint (cardiovascular death, stroke and myocardial infarction) and its components. Multivariate analysis used a Cox regression model with stepwise selection process. Risk scores were developed from coefficients of risk factors from the multivariate analysis, validated internally using naïve and jack-knife procedures, checked for discrimination and calibration, and compared with Framingham coronary heart disease and other risk scores. RESULTS LIFE risk scores showed increasing endpoint rates with increasing quintile (first to fifth quintile, composite endpoint 2.8-26.7%, cardiovascular death 0.5-14.4%, stroke 1.2-11.3%, myocardial infarction 1.4-8.1%) and were confirmed with a jack-knife approach that adjusts for potentially optimistic bias. The Framingham coronary heart disease and other risk scores overestimated risk in lower risk patients and underestimated risk in higher risk patients, except for myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION A number of patient characteristics predicted cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension and LVH. Risk scores developed from these patient characteristics, including albuminuria, strongly predicted outcomes and may improve risk assessment of patients with hypertension and LVH and planning of clinical trials.
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Saijonmaa O, Fyhrquist F. Oxyhemoglobin Stimulates Endothelin-1 Production in Endothelial Cells by Inhibition of Nitric Oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10623329409088470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Gustafsson D, Elg M, Hedner T, Johnsson E, Sohtell M, Svensson L, Fyhrquist F. Raised Plasma Concentrations of Endothelin-1 and -3 in Marmosets with Acute Aortic Stenosis: No Relation to the Renin-angiotensin System. Blood Press 2009; 1:50-6. [PMID: 1345144 DOI: 10.3109/08037059209065124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of endothelin (ET), plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin II (Ang II) were measured in anaesthetized marmosets exposed to acute aortic stenosis proximal to the renal arteries. In vehicle experiments, ET rose from 5 +/- 2 to 38 +/- 4 pg ml-1, PRA from 5 +/- 2 to 99 +/- 21 ng ml-1 h-1 and Ang II from 21 +/- 4 to 213 +/- 76 pg ml-1. Administration of renin inhibitor and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor reduced PRA and Ang II to control levels, while the plasma levels of ET increased further (51 +/- 10 and 71 +/- 16 pg ml-1, respectively). During aortic stenosis the two isoforms ET-1 and ET-3 appeared in the circulation, while in conscious control animals only ET-1 was found. It is concluded that the increased plasma levels of ET in our primate model could not be ascribed to the increased circulating levels of PRA and Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gustafsson
- Astra-Hässle Preclinical Research Laboratories, Mölndal, Sweden
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enhanced production of endothelin-1, due to endothelial cell dysfunction has been considered to be the cause of increased plasma levels of endothelin-1 in preeclampsia. The present study was aimed at analyzing endothelin-converting-enzyme activity, (which reflect the production rate of endothelin-1 (ET-1) from big endothelin-1 (big ET-1)), big endothelin-1, and endothelin-1 concentrations from women with preeclampsia compared to normal pregnant women. Moreover, we analyzed plasma levels of these substances longitudinally throughout normal pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-nine pregnant healthy women were recruited to the study. Blood samples were obtained at 18, 28, and 38 weeks gestation and six weeks postpartum. Twenty-seven women with preeclampsia were included. Blood samples were taken at diagnosis (average 35 weeks gestation; range 27-39 weeks) and six weeks postpartum. Endothelin-1 was analyzed by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and big-ET-1 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Endothelin-converting-enzyme activity was measured using big endothelin-1 as a substrate and thiorphan as an inhibitor of serum neutral endopeptidase. The amount of endothelin-1 generated during one hour was measured by RIA. Mean +/- SEM is given. RESULTS In normal pregnancy endothelin-1 concentrations at 38 weeks and postpartum were increased by 30% (p < 0.01) and 50% (p < 0.001), respectively compared with the second trimester values. Endothelin-converting-enzyme activity did not change. At diagnosis endothelin-1 was higher in women with preeclampsia than in the controls at 38 weeks (0.96 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.06 pmol/L; p < 0.001). Likewise, endothelin-converting-enzyme activity was higher in the preeclampsia group (222 +/- 15 vs. 172 +/- 8 pmol ET/ml/h; p < 0.01). This difference remained at six weeks postpartum. CONCLUSION Our findings imply enhanced ET-1 production in preeclampsia. The elevated endothelin-converting-enzyme activity postpartum may indicate an inherent endothelial dysfunction predisposing to preeclampsia or that preeclampsia may cause irreversible changes in endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Ajne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Abstract
A patient with IgG kappa myeloma had markedly elevated serum phosphate concentrations but no clinical features of hyperphosphataemia. The hyperphosphataemia was due to a high phosphate per protein unit than normal IgG.
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Grönhagen-Riska C, Forslund T, Hortling L, Fyhrquist F. Increase of serum and membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme by captopril (SQ 14225) treatment. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 677:101-4. [PMID: 6322528 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb08641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Fyhrquist F, Grönhagen-Riska C, Saloranta K. Reduction of sodium taste threshold during treatment with captopril in essential hypertension. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 677:141-2. [PMID: 6367373 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb08651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Forslund T, Fyhrquist F, Tikkanen I, Frøysaker T, Myhre E, Riddervold F, Simonsen S. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiac transplant recipients. A prospective study. Acta Med Scand 2009; 224:3-7. [PMID: 2970767 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb16731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac transplantation in 10 patients with congestive heart failure resulted in reduction of high plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), preoperatively five-fold above normal, to a level two-fold above normal, which was maintained throughout a 12-week follow-up period. Cardiac function was normalized in all patients. Transient increases in plasma ANP, in four cardiac recipients 3-10-fold their basal levels, could neither be related to rejection episodes nor to cardiac dysfunction, but rather to signs of fluid and sodium retention. High plasma ANP levels in cardiac transplant recipients suggest that the capacity to secrete ANP is preserved in the transplanted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Forslund
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Kauniainen, Finland
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Rosenlöf K, Fyhrquist F, Grönhagen-Riska C, Böhling T, Haltia M. Erythropoietin and renin substrate in cerebellar haemangioblastoma. Acta Med Scand 2009; 218:481-5. [PMID: 2418639 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined eight cerebellar haemangioblastoma tumours from eight patients, aged 16-63 years, 5 females and 3 males. Preoperative haemoglobin values exceeded 180 g/l in four patients, and 150 g/l in four. All high Hb values were normalized upon surgical removal of the tumours. All tumours contained scattered cells which stained positively with antisera against pure human urinary erythropoietin and plasma renin substrate. We conclude that cerebellar haemangioblastomas produce immunoreactive erythropoietin, which shares common antigenic determinants with renin substrate.
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Hägg E, Lithner F, Lindqvist B, Fyhrquist F. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. A case report. Acta Med Scand 2009; 206:141-3. [PMID: 113986 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb13483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone of unknown cause during more than one year of observation is reported. Plasma vasopressin levels were excessively elevated, even during a water load test. Her serum electrolyte abnormalities and general state were ameliorated after fluid restriction. During treatment with demeclocycline the patient was able to increase fluid without deterioration.
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Abstract
We describe a new principle for measuring concentrations of pharmacologically active captopril or other angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in blood. Serum is incubated with 125-I-labeled ACE inhibitor (substance 351A, a lisinopril analogue, Merck Sharp & Dohme) in a nonequilibrated system, in which label and ACE inhibitor compete for binding to added serum ACE. Free label is separated by adsorption to coated charcoal. Concentration of captopril or other ACE inhibitor is calculated from a standard curve. Results in healthy volunteers showed rapid absorption of captopril with maximal concentration of active drug within 1 h, and fast disappearance within 2.5 h. Stability of captopril was improved by immediate 1:100 dilution of blood samples with assay buffer. In spite of this precaution, analysis should be performed within two days to avoid loss of active drug due to polymerization and protein binding. Samples of other tested ACE inhibitors can be frozen and later analyzed at convenience. The new principle is simple, sensitive, and specific.
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Abstract
Beta-receptor blocking drugs are known to decrease BP and plasma renin activity (PRA) in hypertensive patients. We treated 31 hypertensive patients with the beta-receptor blocking drug, pindolol, for 3 months. During the first month (mean daily dose 10 mg) and the second month (mean daily dose 14.2 mg) BP and PRA decreased. During the third month of pindolol therapy (mean daily dose 19.0 mg) 16 patients had an unexpected rise of BP towards control levels and PRA levels rose, too. The remaining 15 patients maintained a good antihypertensive drug effect and suppression of PRA. Pretreatment PRA was not related to BP reduction. The change in diastolic BP was not significantly related to that in PRA. The results indicate that low doses of pindolol,10-15 mg daily, will suffice in mild essential hypertension. An increasing frequency of partial drug resistance may be a result of unnecessarily high doses of pindolol.
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Ohman P, Aurell M, Asplund J, Conradsson T, Delin K, Forslund T, Fyhrquist F, Frithz G, Herlitz H, Karlberg B. A long-term follow-up of patients with essential hypertension treated with captopril. Acta Med Scand 2009; 216:53-6. [PMID: 6385634 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-four patients from four short-term studies of captopril in mild-moderate essential hypertension continued in a cooperative long-term efficacy and tolerance program. The duration of observation is 2- greater than 4 years, the total treatment time being 2434 months. No development of resistance to therapy was observed. The total daily dose of captopril has been gradually decreased and in 20 patients changed from t.i.d. to b.i.d. regime. The drug has been well tolerated and only few and mild side-effects have been observed after the initial titration period. The drop-outs (n = 19) were mostly due to non-medical causes (n = 14). Except for one case of proteinuria, no laboratory abnormalities were detected and there were no signs of long-term toxicity.
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Oksanen V, Grönhagen-Riska C, Fyhrquist F, Somer H. Systemic manifestations and enzyme studies in sarcoidosis with neurologic involvement. Acta Med Scand 2009; 218:123-7. [PMID: 2996309 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination and activity of systemic disease was evaluated retrospectively in 50 patients with neurosarcoidosis, 24 of whom presented with neurologic symptoms. During follow-up, five patients never developed detectable systemic disease. In 26 patients, sarcoidosis had previously been diagnosed, but in 11 (42%) of them the neurologic symptoms were initially not connected with this disease. During follow-up, extraneural features were those of sarcoidosis in general. However, 23 patients (46%) had normal chest X-ray on admission to neurologic examinations. Fourteen (35%) of 40 examined patients had ocular changes, 13 (33%) of 39 hypercalciuria and 13 (26%) of 50 skin manifestations. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was elevated in only 31% of the patients. Measureable amounts of ACE were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid from 13 of 17 examined patients. During follow-up the activity of neurosarcoidosis seemed to be linked to the course of systemic disease in general.
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Fyhrquist F, Forslund T, Immonen I, Tikkanen I, Grönhagen-Riska C, Hortling L. Renin, renin substrate, angiotensin II, and vasopressin in plasma during treatment with captopril in hypertension and heart failure. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 677:110-4. [PMID: 6367370 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb08643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Fyhrquist F, Tikkanen I. Antidiuretic hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide in congestive heart failure. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 707:55-8. [PMID: 2943143 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1986.tb18115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were measured in 8 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) of NYHA functional class III-IV, before and during treatment with captopril, 6.25-25.0 mg t.i.d., added to their drug regimen. Before captopril treatment, plasma ADH was high, 2.5 times the upper limit of normal reference values. During treatment with captopril, plasma ADH levels were normalized, and remained so throughout the study, for at least 6 months. Plasma levels of angiotensin II were also reduced to a normal level. Reduction of plasma ADH during captopril treatment in CHF may partly depend on reduced angiotensin II formation, and may be beneficial by improving water balance. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), was measured by radioimmunoassay in 17 patients with CHF. The highest levels were measured in the most severe CHF cases, and intermediate high values on NYHA functional class I-II patients. Plasma ANP concentrations in control patients (n = 18) without cardiac diseases ranged between 0 and 30 pg/ml. In two patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, associated with transient polyuria, high plasma ANP concentrations were noticed during tachycardic episodes. Thus, ANP appears to be a circulating hormone in humans, and is released into the blood in clinical conditions associated with raised preload and atrial wall stretch.
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Abstract
Serum angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) was measured in 10 patients with Graves' disease and 2 with thyroiditis during different stages of the diseases. The effect of thyroxine on serum ACE levels was also recorded in 12 patients with thyroid cancer, who were on thyroxine suppression. Serum ACE levels correlated positively with clinically assessed thyroid function and peripheral thyroid hormone levels, especially during hyper- or hypofunction. ACE was measured both with an enzyme kinetic and a new, quantitative inhibitor binding assay. The methods gave similar results, which indicates that ACE increments during thyroid hyperfunction were quantitative, and not a result of increased enzyme activity. Serum ACE increments associated with high lysozyme concentrations are signs of immunologic activation or proliferation of monocytic cells. In this study there was no correlation between the two enzymes, which may indicate either increased synthesis or possibly shedding of ACE from endothelial cells or delayed metabolic clearance of this enzyme. Serum ACE measurements may provide a useful tool for assessing thyroid function and the effect of thyroxine treatment.
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Forslund T, Fyhrquist F, Hortling L. Sustained antihypertensive effect of captopril combined with diuretics and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in patients with resistant hypertension. Acta Med Scand 2009; 213:299-303. [PMID: 6137132 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb03738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ten patients with severe hypertension and unsatisfactory blood pressure control during combined therapy with beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, diuretics, and vasodilators were treated with gradually increasing doses of captopril. Vasodilators were discontinued 24 hours prior to captopril administration. Six patients had essential, two renal, and two renovascular hypertension. Mild renal impairment was observed in four patients. Captopril effectively decreased blood pressure for 3 hours in all patients after the first dose. The antihypertensive effect appeared to be triphasic and was sustained in all but one patient during 12 months of observation. Captopril doses of 25-75 mg t.i.d. were sufficient to achieve acceptable blood pressure control (RR less than or equal to 160/100 mmHg) when given in the above mentioned combination. Side-effects were few and tolerable and discontinuation of captopril was not required.
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Hortling L, Fyhrquist F, Bonsdorff MV, Holmberg P, Edgren J, Kock B, Tella M, Eklund B, Holmström T. Long-term 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol treatment in renal failure. Acta Med Scand 2009; 214:55-60. [PMID: 6353876 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb08570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC) was administered to four patients on maintenance hemodialysis and to four patients with renal failure not requiring hemodialysis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was found in both groups of patients. Before initiation of 1,25-DHCC treatment both groups had serum 1,25-DHCC levels below the normal range (33.1 +/- 15.3 pg/ml). During the treatment period, serum 1,25-DHCC concentrations were normalized. Parathormone concentration in serum decreased in both groups during the observation period. Serum calcium concentration was normalized in patients with renal failure and within the upper normal range in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Bone biopsy and densitometry, of the radius showed a trend towards normalization of bone during the treatment period, while X-ray studies showed no clear effect of 1,25-DHCC treatment. This study shows that changes in bone mineralization can be reversed by normalization of 1,25-DHCC.
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Tikkanen I, Fyhrquist F. Immunological and endocrine features of a new experimental hypertension model: Heymann nephritis-DOCA-NaCl hypertension. Acta Med Scand Suppl 2009; 677:130-3. [PMID: 6583994 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb08648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
New components and functions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are still being unravelled. The classical RAS as it looked in the middle 1970s consisted of circulating renin, acting on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, which in turn was converted into angiotensin II (Ang II) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Ang II, still considered the main effector of RAS was believed to act only as a circulating hormone via angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2. Since then, an expanded view of RAS has gradually emerged. Local tissue RAS systems have been identified in most organs. Recently, evidence for an intracellular RAS has been reported. The new expanded view of RAS therefore covers both endocrine, paracrine and intracrine functions. Other peptides of RAS have been shown to have biological actions; angiotensin 2-8 heptapeptide (Ang III) has actions similar to those of Ang II. Further, the angiotensin 3-8 hexapeptide (Ang IV) exerts its actions via insulin-regulated amino peptidase receptors. Finally, angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) acts via mas receptors. The discovery of another ACE2 was an important complement to this picture. The recent discovery of renin receptors has made our view of RAS unexpectedly complex and multilayered. The importance of RAS in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated by the clinical benefits of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers. Great expectations are now generated by the introduction of renin inhibitors. Indeed, RAS regulates much more and diverse physiological functions than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fyhrquist
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frej Fyhrquist
- The Minerva Institute of Medical Research and Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Nilsson PM, Fyhrquist F. [Short telomere length a marker of premature vascular aging]. Lakartidningen 2007; 104:2801-2805. [PMID: 17958006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Nilsson
- Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, medicin, Universitetssjukhuset MAS, Malmö.
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Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Harris KE, Ibsen H, Kjeldsen SE, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H, Hille DA, Dahlöf B. Blood pressure reduction and antihypertensive medication use in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23:259-70. [PMID: 17288679 DOI: 10.1185/030079906x162854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare blood pressure response and antihypertensive medication use visit-by-visit from baseline in patients receiving losartan-based or atenolol-based therapy in the LIFE study. RESEARCH DESIGN LIFE was a randomized, double-blind trial comparing losartan-based and atenolol-based treatment regimens on the primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke in 9193 patients aged 55-80 years with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Systolic and diastolic, pulse, and mean arterial pressures, blood pressure responder rates, distribution of open-label antihypertensive agents utilized, and the proportion of patients on randomized treatment were determined for each group at each clinic visit over a follow-up period of at least 4 years. RESULTS Overall blood pressure reductions were comparable in the losartan-based and atenolol-based treatment groups. The mean reductions in sitting trough systolic and diastolic blood pressures from baseline to the end of follow-up (or last visit before a primary endpoint event) were 30.2/16.6 mmHg in the losartan group and 29.1/16.8 mmHg in the atenolol group. The time-averaged difference in overall mean arterial pressure was similar between groups. The proportion of patients on individual dose combinations varied visit by visit but was generally comparable between groups. During the entire study, 56% (2579/4605) of losartan-treated patients received at least one dose of the combination of losartan 100 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg and 51% of atenolol-treated patients received 100 mg of atenolol plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg at some time during the study. CONCLUSIONS Differences in blood pressure or distribution of add-on medications between treatment groups were not evident in the LIFE trial and, thus, cannot account for the observed outcome difference in the primary endpoint of risk reduction of the composite of cardiovascular death, stroke and MI favoring losartan.
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Fyhrquist F, Saijonmaa O. [Not Available]. Duodecim 2007; 123:1963-1971. [PMID: 18020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Abstract
Statins are effective drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggested that statins have additional beneficial effects on the vascular wall independent of their cholesterol-lowering effects. We investigated whether atorvastatin influences angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) production in differentiating human macrophages. Human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) were isolated from fresh buffy coats. The cells were allowed to differentiate for 0-8 days in macrophage serum-free medium with 5 ng/ml granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Atorvastatin (0.005-0.5 microM), mevalonate (200-400 microM), geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (1.25-2.5 microM), and/or farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP; 1.25-2.5 microM) was added on the second day of differentiation and then every other day. After incubation time, the ACE amount in intact macrophages was measured. ACE amount in PBM was low. A marked time-dependent ACE induction was noticed during differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Atorvastatin treatment inhibited ACE induction during differentiation. In the presence of mevalonate, atorvastatin failed to downregulate ACE production. Cotreatment of the cells with atorvastatin and FPP reversed the suppressive effect of atorvastatin on ACE. In conclusion, atorvastatin inhibited ACE upregulation, normally occurring in differentiating human macrophages. This effect was mediated via the mevalonate pathway, and inhibition of FPP was probably involved. The finding that atorvastatin inhibited ACE upregulation may represent a novel pleiotropic action and an additional beneficial effect of statins in treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Saijonmaa
- Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.
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