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Reis LM, Seese SE, Costakos D, Semina EV. Congenital anterior segment ocular disorders: Genotype-phenotype correlations and emerging novel mechanisms. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101288. [PMID: 39097141 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Development of the anterior segment of the eye requires reciprocal sequential interactions between the arising tissues, facilitated by numerous genetic factors. Disruption of any of these processes results in congenital anomalies in the affected tissue(s) leading to anterior segment disorders (ASD) including aniridia, Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly, congenital corneal opacities (Peters anomaly, cornea plana, congenital primary aphakia), and primary congenital glaucoma. Current understanding of the genetic factors involved in ASD remains incomplete, with approximately 50% overall receiving a genetic diagnosis. While some genes are strongly associated with a specific clinical diagnosis, the majority of known factors are linked with highly variable phenotypic presentations, with pathogenic variants in FOXC1, CYP1B1, and PITX2 associated with the broadest spectrum of ASD conditions. This review discusses typical clinical presentations including associated systemic features of various forms of ASD; the latest functional data and genotype-phenotype correlations related to 25 ASD factors including newly identified genes; promising novel candidates; and current and emerging treatments for these complex conditions. Recent developments of interest in the genetics of ASD include identification of phenotypic expansions for several factors, discovery of multiple modes of inheritance for some genes, and novel mechanisms including a growing number of non-coding variants and alleles affecting specific domains/residues and requiring further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Sarah E Seese
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Deborah Costakos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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2
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Wu T, Cui C, Li Y, Hong Y, Zhang C. Outcome of illuminated microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy following failed angle surgery in PAX6 aniridic glaucoma: a case report and literature review. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:157. [PMID: 38594720 PMCID: PMC11005255 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aniridia is a rare eye disorder with a high incidence of glaucoma, and surgical intervention is often needed to control the intraocular pressure (IOP). Here, we reported a case of illuminated microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy (MAT) performed on an aniridic glaucoma patient following a previous failed angle surgery. The surgical procedures for aniridic glaucoma were also reviewed. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old man, diagnosed with aniridic glaucoma, came to our hospital consulting for the poor control of left eye's IOP despite receiving goniotomy surgery 3 years ago. The IOP was 26 mmHg with maximum topical antiglaucoma eyedrops. The central cornea was opaque and the majority of iris was absent. The gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) demonstrated that 360° anterior chamber angle was closed. The whole exome sequencing of peripheral blood confirmed a 13.39 Mb copy number loss at chromosome 11p15.1p13, containing PAX6 and WT1 gene. The 360° MAT surgery was performed on his left eye. At 1-year follow-up, the IOP was 19mmHg with 2 kinds of topical antiglaucoma medications, and the postoperative UBM demonstrated the successful incision of the anterior chamber angle. CONCLUSIONS The case presented here exhibited a case of aniridic glaucoma treated by MAT surgery. The MAT surgery may be an effective option for IOP control in aniridic glaucoma patients following a previous failed angle surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Goh J, Wei H, Lai AHM, Chang B, Khan S, Syn Y, Jamuar SS, Tan EC. Novel and recurrent variants in PAX6 in four patients with ocular phenotypes from Southeast Asia. Clin Dysmorphol 2024; 33:63-68. [PMID: 38441200 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Aniridia is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by the complete or partial absence of the iris, often with additional presentations such as foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, cataract, glaucoma and other ocular abnormalities. Most cases are caused by heterozygous mutations in the paired box 6 gene (PAX6), which codes for a transcription factor that regulates eye development. Four patients from our hospital who presented with ocular phenotypes were recruited for research sequencing with informed consent. Sanger sequencing of PAX6 coding exons or exome sequencing was performed on genomic DNA from venous blood samples. Variants in PAX6 were identified in the four patients. Two variants are recurrent single-nucleotide substitutions - one is a substitution found in a patient with bilateral aniridia, whereas the other is a splice variant in a patient with nystagmus and neuroblastoma. The other two variants are novel and found in two patients with isolated aniridia. Both are small duplications that are predicted to lead to premature termination. For the recurrent variants, the comparison of phenotypes for patients with identical variants would shed light on the mechanisms of pathogenesis, and the discovery of two novel variants expands the spectrum of PAX6 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Goh
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Medical School
| | - Heming Wei
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
| | - Angeline H M Lai
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Medical School
| | - Benjamin Chang
- Opthalmology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
| | - Shazia Khan
- Opthalmology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
| | - Yamon Syn
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Saumya S Jamuar
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Medical School
| | - Ene-Choo Tan
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Medical School
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
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Vicencio E, Nuñez-Belmar J, Cardenas JP, Cortés BI, Martin AJM, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Rojas A, Cafferata EA, González-Osuna L, Vernal R, Cortez C. Transcriptional Signatures and Network-Based Approaches Identified Master Regulators Transcription Factors Involved in Experimental Periodontitis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14835. [PMID: 37834287 PMCID: PMC10573220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive and irreversible destruction of the periodontium. Its aetiopathogenesis lies in the constant challenge of the dysbiotic biofilm, which triggers a deregulated immune response responsible for the disease phenotype. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying periodontitis have been extensively studied, the regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional level remain unclear. To generate transcriptomic data, we performed RNA shotgun sequencing of the oral mucosa of periodontitis-affected mice. Since genes are not expressed in isolation during pathological processes, we disclose here the complete repertoire of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and co-expressed modules to build Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) and identify the Master Transcriptional Regulators of periodontitis. The transcriptional changes revealed 366 protein-coding genes and 42 non-coding genes differentially expressed and enriched in the immune response. Furthermore, we found 13 co-expression modules with different representation degrees and gene expression levels. Our GRN comprises genes from 12 gene clusters, 166 nodes, of which 33 encode Transcription Factors, and 201 connections. Finally, using these strategies, 26 master regulators of periodontitis were identified. In conclusion, combining the transcriptomic analyses with the regulatory network construction represents a powerful and efficient strategy for identifying potential periodontitis-therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Vicencio
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
| | - Josefa Nuñez-Belmar
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile; (J.N.-B.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Juan P. Cardenas
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile; (J.N.-B.); (J.P.C.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Bastian I. Cortés
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alberto J. M. Martin
- Laboratorio de Redes Biológicas, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile;
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (V.M.-C.); (A.R.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases—ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Adolfo Rojas
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (V.M.-C.); (A.R.)
| | - Emilio A. Cafferata
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (E.A.C.); (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
| | - Luis González-Osuna
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (E.A.C.); (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; (E.A.C.); (L.G.-O.); (R.V.)
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
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Paredes DI, Capasso JE, Wyman CS, Levin AV. Genetics of the anterior segment dysgenesis. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2023; 13:500-504. [PMID: 38249510 PMCID: PMC10798390 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-23-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior segment dysgeneses are a broad group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by developmental abnormalities of the anterior segment of the eye, including primary congenital aphakia, Peters sequence, aniridia, and Axenfeld-Rieger spectrum. These conditions can have overlapping phenotypes and both genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. This article provides a strategy for both phenotyping and then genotyping using a targeted stepwise approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego I Paredes
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenina E Capasso
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Celeste S Wyman
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Li Y, Chen J, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Wang T, Sun Q, Wan X, Liu H, Sun X. A novel microdeletion of 517 kb downstream of the PAX6 gene in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:393. [PMID: 37752489 PMCID: PMC10523764 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the disease-causing gene in a Chinese family affected with congenital aniridia. METHODS Patients underwent systematic ophthalmic examinations such as anterior segment photography, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and fundus fluorescein angiography. The proband was screened for pathogenic variants by whole exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variant (CNV) analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to confirm the CNV results. Breakpoints were identified by long-range PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS All seven members of this Chinese family, including four patients and three normal individuals, were recruited for this study. All patients showed bilateral congenital aniridia with nystagmus, except the son of the proband, who presented with bilateral partial coloboma of the iris. A novel heterozygous deletion (chr11:31,139,019-31,655,997) containing the 3' regulatory enhancers of the PAX6 gene was detected in this family. We also reviewed the reported microdeletions downstream of PAX6 in patients with aniridia. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel microdeletion, 517 kb in size located about 133 kb downstream of the PAX6 gene, responsible for congenital aniridia in this Chinese family, which expands the spectrum of aniridia-associated mutations in PAX6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang Q, Wei WB, Shi XY, Rong WN. A novel PAX6 variant as the cause of aniridia in a Chinese patient with SRRRD. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:182. [PMID: 37542296 PMCID: PMC10401864 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genotype characteristics and their associated clinical phenotypes in patients with aniridia were analyzed to explore pathogenic variants using whole-exome sequencing. METHODS One patient with aniridia was enrolled at the Beijing Tongren Hospital. Comprehensive ophthalmic and general examinations were performed on the patient. DNA was extracted from the patient, and whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the causative variant. The pathogenicity of the variant was predicted using in silico analysis and evaluated according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Relationships between genetic variants and clinical features were analyzed. RESULTS In addition to the classical aniridia phenotype showing complete iris aplasia, foveal hypoplasia, and ectopic lentis, the patient also exhibited spontaneous reattachment rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (SRRRD). Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous variant, exon8:c.640_646del:p.R214Pfs*28. CONCLUSIONS The present study broadens the range of genetic variants described in aniridia and presents an aniridia patient with SRRRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiang Yu Shi
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wei Ning Rong
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Huanghe Road, Jinfeng District, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750002, China.
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8
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Shah R, Amador C, Chun ST, Ghiam S, Saghizadeh M, Kramerov AA, Ljubimov AV. Non-canonical Wnt signaling in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101149. [PMID: 36443219 PMCID: PMC10209355 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling comprises a group of complex signal transduction pathways that play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during development, as well as in stem cell maintenance and adult tissue homeostasis. Wnt pathways are classified into two major groups, canonical (β-catenin-dependent) or non-canonical (β-catenin-independent). Most previous studies in the eye have focused on canonical Wnt signaling, and the role of non-canonical signaling remains poorly understood. Additionally, the crosstalk between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in the eye has hardly been explored. In this review, we present an overview of available data on ocular non-canonical Wnt signaling, including developmental and functional aspects in different eye compartments. We also discuss important changes of this signaling in various ocular conditions, such as keratoconus, aniridia-related keratopathy, diabetes, age-related macular degeneration, optic nerve damage, pathological angiogenesis, and abnormalities in the trabecular meshwork and conjunctival cells, and limbal stem cell deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Shah
- Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Amador
- Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Chun
- Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Ghiam
- Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrei A Kramerov
- Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Regenerative Medicine Institute Eye Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Jiang XY, Guan FF, Ma JX, Dong W, Qi XL, Zhang X, Chen W, Gao S, Gao X, Pan S, Wang JZ, Ma YW, Zhang LF, Lu D. Cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout in rat attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:276033. [PMID: 35855640 PMCID: PMC9441189 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When pathological hypertrophy progresses to heart failure (HF), the prognosis is often very poor. Therefore, it is crucial to find new and effective intervention targets. Here, myocardium-specific Trim44 knockout rats were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Cardiac phenotypic observations revealed that Trim44 knockout affected cardiac morphology at baseline. Rats with Trim44 deficiency exhibited resistance to cardiac pathological changes in response to stimulation via isoproterenol (ISO) treatment, including improvement of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by morphological and functional observations, reduced myocardial fibrosis and reduced expression of molecular markers of cardiac stress. Furthermore, signal transduction validation associated with growth and hypertrophy development in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that Trim44 deficiency inhibited the activation of signaling pathways involved in myocardial hypertrophy, especially response to pathological stress. In conclusion, the present study indicates that Trim44 knockout attenuates ISO-induced pathological cardiac remodeling through blocking the AKT/mTOR/GSK3β/P70S6K signaling pathway. This is the first study to demonstrate the function and importance of Trim44 in the heart at baseline and under pathological stress. Trim44 could be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and HF. Summary: This is the first study to demonstrate the function of Trim44 in the heart at baseline and under pathological stress. Trim44 could be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei-Fei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jia-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Long Qi
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ji-Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Wu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
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10
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Pan Q, Luo J, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Lu K, Chen T. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Olpax6.2 acquires maternal inheritance and germ cells expression, but was functionally degenerated in the eye. Gene 2023; 872:147439. [PMID: 37094695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication provides raw material for the evolution of genetic and phenotypic complexity. It has remained a long-standing mystery how duplicated genes evolve into new genes by neofunctionalization via the acquisition of new expression and/or activity and simultaneous loss of the old expression and activity. Fishes have many gene duplicates from whole genome duplication, making them excellent for studying the evolution of gene duplicates. In the fish medaka (Oryzias latipes), an ancestral pax6 gene has given rise to Olpax6.1 and Olpax6.2. Here we report that medaka Olpax6.2 is evolving towards neofunctionalization. A chromosomal syntenic analysis indicated that Olpax6.1 and Olpax6.2 are structurally co-homologous to the single pax6 in other organisms. Interestingly, Olpax6.2 maintains all conserved coding exons but loses the non-coding exons of Olpax6.1, and has 4 promoters versus 8 in Olpax6.1. RT-PCR revealed that Olpax6.2 maintained expression in the brain eye, pancreas as Olpax6.1. Surprisingly, Olpax6.2 also exhibited maternal inheritance and gonadal expression by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and RNA transcriptome analysis. The expression and distribution of Olpax6.2 is not different from Olpax6.1 in the adult brain, eye and pancreas, but exhibited overlapping and distinct expression in early embryogenesis. We show that ovarian Olpax6.2 expression occurs in female germ cells. Olpax6.2 knockout showed no obvious defect in eye development, while Olpax6.1 F0 mutant have severe defects in eye development. Thus, Olpax6.2 has acquired maternal inheritance and germ cell expression, but was functionally degenerated in the eye, making this gene as an excellent model to study the neofunctionalization of duplicated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junzhi Luo
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuewen Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tiansheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Alafaleq M, Sordello L, Bremond-Gignac D. Congenital Aniridia and Ocular motility. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 247:145-151. [PMID: 36375586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the frequency and types of strabismus in congenital aniridia, the presence of associated nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, and congenital cataracts. DESIGN Prospective, single-center cohort study. METHODS A review was conducted of 379 medical records of congenital aniridia patients who had a follow-up at the Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital between 2006 and 2022; the target age was between 12 months and 30 years. Ophthalmologic and orthoptic assessments according to age were performed. Strabismus was further analyzed according to the type of aniridia, foveal hypoplasia, and laterality of congenital cataract. RESULTS Strabismus was diagnosed in 150 patients; 73 were included in the study (28 males [38%] and 45 females [62%]), with a mean age of 11.02 years. The mean follow-up was 24 months. Thirty-six (49.3%) presented with familial aniridia, and 37 (50.7%) presented with sporadic aniridia. Thirty-six (49.3%) were diagnosed with esotropia, 37 (50.7%) had exotropia. Nystagmus was detected in 70 patients (96%). Thirty-nine (53.4%) suffered from congenital cataract, 10 unilateral (25.7%) and 29 bilateral (74.3%). Foveal hypoplasia was found in 73 cases (100%); esotropia was predominant in all grades. PAX6 mutation was found in 56 patients (77%). CONCLUSION Strabismus is one of the clinical signs of congenital aniridia. The laterality of congenital cataracts seems to affect the type of strabismus. The grade of foveal hypoplasia has little impact on strabismus but is prevalent for nystagmus. Foveal hypoplasia affects optical focus, which is essential for binocularity; this could explain the poor binocular adjustment leading to strabismus without exotropia or esotropia predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Alafaleq
- From the Ophthalmology Department and Centre for Rare Ophthalmological Diseases OPHTARA, Necker Enfants-malades University Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité (M.A., D.B.-G.), Paris, France; Ophthalmology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahd hospital of the university, (M.A.), Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lucie Sordello
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Paris cité (L.S.), Paris, France and
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- From the Ophthalmology Department and Centre for Rare Ophthalmological Diseases OPHTARA, Necker Enfants-malades University Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité (M.A., D.B.-G.), Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (D.B.-G.), Paris, France.
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12
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Viberg A, Vicente A, Samolov B, Hjortdal J, Byström B. Corneal transplantation in aniridia-related keratopathy with a two-year follow-up period, an uncommon disease with precarious course. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:222-228. [PMID: 35945658 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to study the frequency, surgical transplantation technique and outcome in patients with aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK) with two-year follow-up period. METHODS A retrospective registry-study including all ARK cases performed in Sweden and Denmark between 2001 and 2016 and registered in the Swedish Cornea Transplant Registry. RESULTS A total of 36 eyes of 26 patients were subjected to corneal transplantation due to ARK during 2001 to 2016. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was the procedure of choice in 58.3% (n = 21) of the eyes, followed by a combination of PK and limbal stem cell transplantation in 13.9% (n = 5) and keratolimbal allograft in 13.9% (n = 5). Boston keratoprosthesis was used in 8.3% (n = 3), and anterior lamellar keratoplasty in 5.6% (n = 2). Thirteen of the procedures (36.1%) were retransplantations. Two years after surgery 26 cases were available to follow-up of which 16 of the grafts were functioning (61.5%). The median visual acuity showed a trend of improvement from hand motion to counting fingers. CONCLUSIONS A majority of the ARK cases (61.5%) had a graft providing useful vision for the patient 2 years after corneal transplantation, but the visual gain was modest at best. Longer follow-up time is required to evaluate functional graft outcomes. Despite the introduction of limbal stem cell transplantation as a suitable treatment, PK was the most common surgical method in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Viberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - André Vicente
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Branka Samolov
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St Eriks Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Berit Byström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Abstract
Glaucoma in infancy and childhood is a rare disease. An immediate diagnosis and treatment are absolutely necessary to prevent blindness of affected children. Childhood glaucoma is characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype: besides primary congenital glaucoma, secondary types often exist and the individualized treatment requires an experienced interdisciplinary team. The pathogenesis is not always discernible and genetic alterations sometimes cause the disease. A surgical procedure is usually necessary to lower the intraocular pressure. Refractive and orthoptic care are equally important to avoid amblyopia. This article gives an overview of childhood glaucoma and outlines the most important diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.
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14
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Guo R, Zhang X, Liu A, Ji J, Liu W. Novel clinical presentation and PAX6 mutation in families with congenital aniridia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1042588. [PMID: 36582291 PMCID: PMC9792480 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1042588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic defects of families with congenital aniridia. Methods Four Chinese families with aniridia were enrolled in this study. The detailed ocular presentations of the patients were recorded. Whole exome sequencing (BGI MGIEasy V4 chip) was used to detect the gene mutation. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the potential pathogenic variants, and segregation analysis was performed on all available family members. Results By whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, three recurrent mutations (c.112del, p.Arg38Glyfs*16; c.299G > A, p.Trp100* and c.718C > T, p.Arg240*) and one novel mutation (c.278_281del, p.Glu93Alafs*30) of PAX6 were identified. All the mutations were co-segregated with the phenotype in the families. We also observed spontaneous anterior lens capsule rupture in aniridia for the first time. Conclusion We report spontaneous anterior lens capsule rupture as a novel phenotype of aniridia and three recurrent mutations and one novel mutation of PAX6 in families with aniridia. Our results expanded the phenotype and genotype spectra of aniridia and can help us better understand the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Wei Liu,
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15
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Romano D, Bremond-Gignac D, Barbany M, Rahman A, Mauring L, Semeraro F, Cursiefen C, Lagali N, Romano V. Artificial iris implantation in congenital aniridia A systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2022:S0039-6257(22)00152-7. [PMID: 36379301 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is a rare, panocular disorder with a main phenotypic characteristic of a partial or complete absence of the iris existing alongside other ocular morbidities such as cataract, keratopathy, optic nerve and foveal hypoplasia, and nystagmus. The iris abnormality, however, often leads to symptoms such as photophobia, glare, and decreased visual acuity, as well as cosmetic dissatisfaction. Current management options for the iris deficit include colored iris contact lenses, corneal tattooing, and tinted contact lenses. Symptoms arising from small iris defects can be resolved with surgical management using micro-tying suture techniques such as McCannel or Siepser. Currently, larger iris defects can be treated with artificial iris implants. New prosthetic options range from colored intraocular lenses to flexible custom-made silicone iris implants. With a range of therapeutic options available and given the challenges of multiple comorbidities in aniridia, we evaluate the literature relating to the use of artificial iris implants in congenital aniridia, with a focus on the different surgical implantation techniques, the clinical outcomes achieved, complications occurred, and risk of bias of the studies included.
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16
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Wu J, Zhang D, Wu J, Zhang S. Construction of ceRNA network and identification of hub genes in aniridia-associated keratopathy using bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:997581. [PMID: 36212129 PMCID: PMC9537812 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) is characteristic at ocular surface of aniridia caused by haploinsufficiency of PAX6. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) has been reported to play an important role in various diseases, whereas its function on AAK is unclear. The microarray data of 20 AAK patients and 20 healthy people were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were analyzed using “limma” packages and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A ceRNA network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1, and miR-224-5p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-204-5p were at the center of the network. CIBERSORTx algorithm and ssGSEA analyses revealed that AAK was associated with immune cell infiltration, showing that activated Mast cells increased while resting Mast cells decreased and NK cells decreased in AAK. Type II INF Response, CCR, parainflammation, T cell co-stimulation, and APC co-stimulation of AAK patients differed from healthy individuals. Additionally, the ROC curve of five genes, MITF(AUC = 0.988), RHOB(AUC = 0.973), JUN(AUC = 0.953), PLAUR (AUC = 0.925), and ARG2 (AUC = 0.915) with high confidence in predicting AAK were identified. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis of hub genes enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Wu, ; Shenghai Zhang,
| | - Shenghai Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Wu, ; Shenghai Zhang,
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17
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Aniridia-related keratopathy relevant cell signaling pathways in human fetal corneas. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:169-180. [PMID: 35551459 PMCID: PMC9338123 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK) relevant cell signaling pathways [Notch1, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and mTOR] in normal human fetal corneas compared with normal human adult corneas and ARK corneas. We found that fetal corneas at 20 weeks of gestation (wg) and normal adult corneas showed similar staining patterns for Notch1; however 10–11 wg fetal corneas showed increased presence of Notch1. Numb and Dlk1 had an enhanced presence in the fetal corneas compared with the adult corneas. Fetal corneas showed stronger immunolabeling with antibodies against β-catenin, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Gli1, Hes1, p-rpS6, and mTOR when compared with the adult corneas. Gene expression of Notch1, Wnt5A, Wnt7A, β-catenin, Hes1, mTOR, and rps6 was higher in the 9–12 wg fetal corneas compared with adult corneas. The cell signaling pathway differences found between human fetal and adult corneas were similar to those previously found in ARK corneas with the exception of Notch1. Analogous profiles of cell signaling pathway activation between human fetal corneas and ARK corneas suggests that there is a less differentiated host milieu in ARK.
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18
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Wang L, Sun L, Wan QH, Fang SG. Comparative Genomics Provides Insights into Adaptive Evolution in Tactile-Foraging Birds. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040678. [PMID: 35456484 PMCID: PMC9028243 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tactile-foraging birds have evolved an enlarged principal sensory nucleus (PrV) but smaller brain regions related to the visual system, which reflects the difference in sensory dependence. The “trade-off” may exist between different senses in tactile foragers, as well as between corresponding sensory-processing areas in the brain. We explored the mechanism underlying the adaptive evolution of sensory systems in three tactile foragers (kiwi, mallard, and crested ibis). The results showed that olfaction-related genes in kiwi and mallard and hearing-related genes in crested ibis were expanded, indicating they may also have sensitive olfaction or hearing, respectively. However, some genes required for visual development were positively selected or had convergent amino acid substitutions in all three tactile branches, and it seems to show the possibility of visual degradation. In addition, we may provide a new visual-degradation candidate gene PDLIM1 who suffered dense convergent amino acid substitutions within the ZM domain. At last, two genes responsible for regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells may play roles in determining the relative sizes of sensory areas in brain. This exploration offers insight into the relationship between specialized tactile-forging behavior and the evolution of sensory abilities and brain structures.
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First Results from the Prospective German Registry for Childhood Glaucoma: Phenotype-Genotype Association. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010016. [PMID: 35011756 PMCID: PMC8745723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma is a heterogeneous disease and can be associated with various genetic alterations. The aim of this study was to report first results of the phenotype–genotype relationship in a German childhood glaucoma cohort. Forty-nine eyes of 29 children diagnosed with childhood glaucoma were prospectively included in the registry. Besides medical history, non-genetic risk factor anamnesis and examination results, genetic examination report was obtained (23 cases). DNA from peripheral blood or buccal swab was used for molecular genetic analysis using a specific glaucoma gene panel. Primary endpoint was the distribution of causative genetic mutations and associated disorders. Median age was 1.8 (IQR 0.6; 3.8) years, 64% participants were female. Secondary childhood glaucoma (55%) was more common than primary childhood glaucoma (41%). In 14%, parental consanguinity was indicated. A mutation was found in all these cases, which makes consanguinity an important risk factor for genetic causes in childhood glaucoma. CYP1B1 (30%) and TEK (10%) mutations were found in primary childhood glaucoma patients. In secondary childhood glaucoma cases, alterations in CYP1B1 (25%), SOX11 (13%), FOXC1 (13%), GJA8 (13%) and LTBP2 (13%) were detected. Congenital cataract was associated with variants in FYCO1 and CRYBB3 (25% each), and one case of primary megalocornea with a CHRDL1 aberration. Novel variants of causative genetic mutations were found. Distribution of childhood glaucoma types and causative genes was comparable to previous investigated cohorts. This is the first prospective study using standardized forms to determine phenotypes and non-genetic factors in childhood glaucoma with the aim to evaluate their association with genotypes in childhood glaucoma.
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Martin S, Schwab J, Lopez PC, Benke E, Reitelshofer S, Franke J. Mechanical modifications of soft actuators for the use as a dynamic iris implant. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:4709-4712. [PMID: 34892263 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aniridia is a condition characterized by defects or absence of the iris. Since the eyes are a central point of attention in the human face, these deformities are often covered with cosmetic implants. However, patients suffer from the static pupil diameter of these implants, resulting in high light sensitivity or inadequate night vision. Therefore, we present a functional iris implant based on dielectric elastomer actuators. These electric drives are characterized by a silent and continuous adaptation as well as a small construction volume and a low heat emission. Since they normally exhibit in-plane uniaxial motion, this displacement must be focused to operate similarly to the iris sphincter. Therefore, we investigated possible mechanical modifications of the setups to generate a directional motion. The results of the study are presented and discussed.Clinical Relevance- The proposed system design enables the functional treatment of aniridia and other accidental iris defects. In addition, the system serves as a basis for later developments of e.g. functional lenses that allow focus adjustment.
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21
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Qian T, Chen C, Li C, Gong Q, Liu K, Wang G, Schrauwen I, Xu X. A novel 4.25 kb heterozygous deletion in PAX6 in a Chinese Han family with congenital aniridia combined with cataract and nystagmus. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 34610801 PMCID: PMC8491394 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to identify the genetic defect in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia combined with cataract and nystagmus. METHODS Complete ophthalmic examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy, anterior segment photography, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. Blood samples were collected from all family members and genomic DNA was extracted. Genome sequencing was performed in all family members and Sanger sequencing was used to verify variant breakpoints. RESULTS All the thirteen members in this Chinese family, including seven patients and six normal people, were recruited in this study. The ophthalmic examination of affected patients in this family was consistent with congenital aniridia combined with cataract and nystagmus. A novel heterozygous deletion (NC_000011.10:g.31802307_31806556del) containing the 5' region of PAX6 gene was detected that segregated with the disease. CONCLUSION We detected a novel deletion in PAX6 responsible for congenital aniridia in the affected individuals of this Chinese family. The novel 4.25 kb deletion in PAX6 gene of our study would further broaden the genetic defects of PAX6 associated with congenital aniridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 Haining Rd., Shanghai, 200080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 Haining Rd., Shanghai, 200080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihua Li
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyun Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 Haining Rd., Shanghai, 200080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 Haining Rd., Shanghai, 200080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100 Haining Rd., Shanghai, 200080, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Shen T, Qiu X, Lin X, Lin J, Li X, Chen Q, Pan L, Wang Z, Shen H, Zhang Q, Yan J. Missense mutation in the PAX6 gene can cause a complex mild variable phenotype predominated by concomitant strabismus. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:88-96. [PMID: 34344282 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1961283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to reveal the underlying genetic defect in a multigenerational Chinese family with autosomal dominant concomitant strabismus complicated by multiple ocular developmental abnormalities. METHODS Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed in 14 patients and 24 healthy family members. Whole exome sequencing was performed, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the probable mutation in all the family members. RESULTS Concomitant strabismus was the predominant phenotype in the affected family members, although the patients also exhibited variable phenotypes, including nystagmus, mild iris abnormalities, myopia, cataract, and coloboma. An R208W mutation in PAX6 was identified as the pathogenic mutation in the affected family members. CONCLUSIONS We recommend considering PAX6 as a candidate gene in the diagnostic screen for familial concomitant strabismus in order to avoid missed diagnosis of the mild ocular abnormalities. Careful examinations of mild ocular phenotypes are necessary for an accurate diagnosis of varied ocular abnormalities in the families with the PAX6 mutation, and proper diagnosis can facilitate genetic and clinical counseling for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Kit V, Cunha DL, Hagag AM, Moosajee M. Longitudinal genotype-phenotype analysis in 86 patients with PAX6-related aniridia. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148406. [PMID: 34101622 PMCID: PMC8410060 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aniridia is most commonly caused by haploinsufficiency of the PAX6 gene, characterized by variable iris and foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, cataracts, glaucoma, and aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK). Genotype-phenotype correlations have previously been described; however, detailed longitudinal studies of aniridia are less commonly reported. We identified 86 patients from 62 unrelated families with molecularly confirmed heterozygous PAX6 variants from a UK-based single-center ocular genetics service. They were categorized into mutation groups, and a retrospective review of clinical characteristics (ocular and systemic) from baseline to most recent was recorded. One hundred and seventy-two eyes were evaluated, with a mean follow-up period of 16.3 ± 12.7 years. Nystagmus was recorded in 87.2% of the eyes, and foveal hypoplasia was found in 75%. Cataracts were diagnosed in 70.3%, glaucoma in 20.6%, and ARK in 68.6% of eyes. Prevalence, age of diagnosis and surgical intervention, and need for surgical intervention varied among mutation groups. Overall, the missense mutation subgroup had the mildest phenotype, and surgically naive eyes maintained better visual acuity. Systemic evaluation identified type 2 diabetes in 12.8% of the study group, which is twice the UK prevalence. This is the largest longitudinal study of aniridia in the UK, and as such, it can provide insights into prognostic indicators for patients and guiding clinical management of both ocular and systemic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Kit
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ahmed M Hagag
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Seese SE, Reis LM, Deml B, Griffith C, Reich A, Jamieson RV, Semina EV. Identification of missense MAB21L1 variants in microphthalmia and aniridia. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:877-890. [PMID: 33973683 PMCID: PMC8238893 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microphthalmia, coloboma, and aniridia are congenital ocular phenotypes with a strong genetic component but often unknown cause. We present a likely causative novel variant in MAB21L1, c.152G>T p.(Arg51Leu), in two family members with microphthalmia and aniridia, as well as novel or rare compound heterozygous variants of uncertain significance, c.184C>T p.(Arg62Cys)/c.-68T>C, and c.658G>C p.(Gly220Arg)/c.*529A>G, in two additional probands with microphthalmia, coloboma and/or cataracts. All variants were predicted as damaging by in silico programs. In vitro studies of coding variants revealed normal subcellular localization but variable stability for the corresponding mutant proteins. In vivo complementation assays using the zebrafish mab21l2 Q48Sfs*5 loss-of-function line demonstrated that though overexpression of wild-type MAB21L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) compensated for the loss of mab21l2, none of the coding variant mRNAs produced a statistically significant rescue, with p.(Arg51Leu) showing the highest degree of functional deficiency. Dominant variants in a close homolog of MAB21L1, MAB21L2, have been associated with microphthalmia and/or coloboma and repeatedly involved the same Arg51 residue, further supporting its pathogenicity. The possible role of p.(Arg62Cys) and p.(Gly220Arg) in microphthalmia is similarly supported by the observed functional defects, with or without an additional impact from noncoding MAB21L1 variants identified in each patient. This study suggests a broader spectrum of MAB21L1-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Seese
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and AnatomyThe Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Linda M. Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
| | - Brett Deml
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Present address:
PreventionGeneticsMarshfieldWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Children's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of WisconsinChildren's of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and AnatomyThe Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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25
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Ehrenberg M, Bagdonite-Bejarano L, Fulton AB, Orenstein N, Yahalom C. Genetic causes of nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia and subnormal visual acuity- other than albinism. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:243-251. [PMID: 33594928 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1888128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: To describe genetic molecular findings in individuals with congenital nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia, and subnormal vision, with normal ocular pigmentation (absence of diffuse transillumination or transparent retinal pigment typical for albinism).Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter study of ophthalmic, systemic, and genetic features, as collected from medical records of patients diagnosed with infantile nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia. Ophthalmic findings include best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroscopic examination, cycloplegic refraction, retinal examination, macular optical coherence tomography, and electroretinography. Genetic information was retrieved from the participating genetic clinics and included ethnicity and molecular diagnosis.Results: Thirty-one individuals met the inclusion criteria and had a secure molecular diagnosis. Mutations in two genes predominated, constituting 77.4% of all the represented genes: SLC38A8 (45.1%) and PAX6 (32.3%). Seventy-eight percent of the subjects who had a measurable BCVA had moderate and severe visual impairment (range 20/80 to 20/270). Most patients with a mutation in SLC38A8 had mild to moderate astigmatism, while most patients with PAX6 mutation had moderate and severe myopia. Patients in the PAX6 group had variable degrees of anterior segment manifestations.Conclusion: In our cohort, the main causative genes for congenital nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia in normally pigmented eyes were SLC38A8 and PAX6. A mild phenotype in PAX6 mutations may be an under-diagnosed cause of nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia. Reaching an accurate genetic diagnosis is essential for both the patients and their family members. This enables predicting disease prognosis, tailoring correct follow-up, and providing genetic counseling and family planning to affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ehrenberg
- Ophthalmology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center in Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Anne B Fulton
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naama Orenstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Genetic Department, Children's Medical Center in Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Claudia Yahalom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Tian W, Zhu XR, Qiao CY, Ma YN, Yang FY, Zhou Z, Feng JP, Sun R, Xie RR, Lu J, Cao X, Zhou JB, Yang JK. Heterozygous PAX6 mutations may lead to hyper-proinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance: A case-control study in families with congenital aniridia. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14456. [PMID: 33169869 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM PAX6 is a transcription factor involved in embryonic development of many organs, including the eyes and the pancreas. Mutations of PAX6 gene is the main cause of a rare disease, congenital aniridia (CA). This case-control study aims to investigate the effects of PAX6 mutations on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in families with CA. METHODS In all, 21 families with CA were screened by Sanger sequencing. Patients with PAX6 mutations and CA (cases) and age-matched healthy family members (controls) were enrolled. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to detect diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin and proinsulin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS Among 21 CA families, heterozygous PAX6 mutations were detected in five families. Among cases (n = 10) from the five families, two were diagnosed with newly identified diabetes and another two were diagnosed with IGT. Among controls (n = 12), two had IGT. The levels of haemoglobin A1c were 36 ± 4 mmol/mol (5.57 ± 0.46%) and 32 ± 5 mmol/L (5.21 ± 0.54%) in the cases and the controls, respectively (p = 0.049). More importantly, levels of proinsulin in the cases were significantly higher than that of the controls, despite similar levels of total insulin. The areas under the curve of proinsulin in the cases (6425 ± 4390) were significantly higher than that of the controls (3709 ± 1769) (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION PAX6 may participate in the production of proinsulin to insulin and heterozygous PAX6 mutations may be associated with glucose metabolism in CA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Nan Ma
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
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27
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Williams AL, Bohnsack BL. The Ocular Neural Crest: Specification, Migration, and Then What? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:595896. [PMID: 33425902 PMCID: PMC7785809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate embryonic development, a population of dorsal neural tube-derived stem cells, termed the neural crest (NC), undergo a series of morphogenetic changes and extensive migration to become a diverse array of cell types. Around the developing eye, this multipotent ocular NC cell population, called the periocular mesenchyme (POM), comprises migratory mesenchymal cells that eventually give rise to many of the elements in the anterior of the eye, such as the cornea, sclera, trabecular meshwork, and iris. Molecular cell biology and genetic analyses of congenital eye diseases have provided important information on the regulation of NC contributions to this area of the eye. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of the NC as a contributor to ocular development remains elusive. In addition, positional information during ocular NC migration and the molecular pathways that regulate end tissue differentiation have yet to be fully elucidated. Further, the clinical challenges of ocular diseases, such as Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), Peters anomaly (PA) and primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), strongly suggest the need for better treatments. While several aspects of NC evolution have recently been reviewed, this discussion will consolidate the most recent current knowledge on the specification, migration, and contributions of the NC to ocular development, highlighting the anterior segment and the knowledge obtained from the clinical manifestations of its associated diseases. Ultimately, this knowledge can inform translational discoveries with potential for sorely needed regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antionette L Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brenda L Bohnsack
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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28
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Komoto S, Oie Y, Kawasaki S, Kawasaki R, Nishida N, Soma T, Koh S, Maruyama K, Usui S, Matsushita K, Tsujikawa M, Maeda N, Nishida K. Quantitative Analysis of the Association Between Follow-Up Duration and Severity of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency or Visual Acuity in Aniridia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:57. [PMID: 32589199 PMCID: PMC7415892 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the association between follow-up duration and the severity of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) or visual acuity in patients with aniridia. Methods A total of 52 eyes of 27 patients with aniridia were enrolled at Osaka University Hospital. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to obtain information on the severity of LSCD and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). LSCD severity was based on a modified severity grading scale. We used an ordered logistic regression model to examine the association between follow-up duration and LSCD severity, and a linear regression model with a generalized linear mixed model for the association between follow-up duration and visual acuity. Results The mean follow-up duration was 5.2 ± 6.3 years. The mean age at the last follow-up visit was 40.5 ± 18.9 years. The mean CDVA was 1.52 ± 1.09 logMAR. At the last follow-up, 1 examined eye (1.9%) was categorized as stage 0, 7 (13.5%) as Ia, 9 (17.3%) as Ib, 5 (9.6%) as Ic, 2 (3.8%) as IIb, 12 (23.1%) as IIc, and 11 (21.2%) as III. Five eyes (9.6%) were unclassifiable. There was a significant association between follow-up duration and LSCD severity (odds ratio per +1 year, 1.41; P < 0.001). CDVA significantly decreased as follow-up duration increased. Each increase of 1 year in the follow-up duration was associated with a mean difference of +0.021 logMAR (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.03; P < 0.001). Conclusions We quantitatively demonstrate that LSCD severity and visual impairment significantly progress as follow-up duration increases.
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29
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Formulation and Stability of Ataluren Eye Drop Oily Solution for Aniridia. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010007. [PMID: 33375041 PMCID: PMC7822034 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is a rare and severe panocular disease characterized by a complete or partial iris defect clinically detectable at birth. The most common form of aniridia occurring in around 90% of cases is caused by PAX6 haploinsufficiency. The phenotype includes ptosis, nystagmus, corneal limbal insufficiency, glaucoma, cataract, optic nerve, and foveal hypoplasia. Ataluren eye drops aim to restore ocular surface PAX6 haploinsufficiency in aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK). However, there are currently no available forms of the ophthalmic solution. The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological stability of ataluren 1% eye drop in preservative-free low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle with an innovative insert that maintains sterility after opening. Because ataluren is a strongly lipophilic compound, the formulation is complex and involves a strategy based on co-solvents in an aqueous phase or an oily formulation capable of totally dissolving the active ingredient. The visual aspect, ataluren quantification by a stability-indicating chromatographic method, and microbiological sterility were analyzed. The oily formulation in castor oil and DMSO (10%) better protects ataluren hydrolysis and oxidative degradation and permits its complete solubilization. Throughout the 60 days period, the oily solution in the LDPE bottle remained clear without any precipitation or color modification, and no drug loss and no microbial development were detected. The demonstrated physical and microbiological stability of ataluren 1% eye drop formulation at 22–25 °C might facilitate clinical research in aniridia.
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30
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Morphometric analysis of the lens in human aniridia and mouse Small eye. Exp Eye Res 2020; 203:108371. [PMID: 33248069 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital aniridia is caused by heterozygous mutations in the PAX6 gene. In this disease, congenital iris and foveal hypoplasia is associated with juvenile onset cataract, glaucoma, and corneal keratopathy. In rodents, Pax6 mutations result in a congenital reduction in ocular size that is not typically described in human aniridia. Here, the ocular morphometry of aniridia patients is compared with the lens phenotype of Pax6+/tm1/Pgr mice to reveal whether there are species differences in Pax6 regulation of lens development and homeostasis. Ultrasound biometry (UBM) revealed that eleven percent of aniridia patients exhibited mild microphthalmia while the anterior chamber depth of aniridic eyes was significantly reduced from 6 months of age onward. Although aniridic lens thickness was normal from birth, it was significantly decreased in aniridic lenses older than 30. Notably, 86% of aniridic lenses exhibited cataractous changes in this cohort. In addition, a significant proportion of aniridia patients develop lens subluxation as they age associated with reduced lens diameter as measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Analysis of young adult Pax6+/tm1/Pgr mouse lenses by micro-computed tomography (microCT), bright field and dark field imaging revealed that they are reduced in size but did not exhibit overt cataracts at this age. Overall, this study reveals that congenital microphthalmia as assessed by axial length, or microphakia, as assessed by lens thickness, are not typical in human aniridia, although these are primary manifestations of Pax6 mutations in mice, suggesting that PAX6 regulates some aspects of lens development differently between these species.
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31
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Aberrant expression of PAX6 gene associated with classical aniridia: identification and functional characterization of novel noncoding mutations. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:333-338. [PMID: 32920601 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The PAX6 is essential for ocular morphogenesis and is known to be highly sensitive to changes in gene expression, where neither over- nor under-expression ensures normal ocular development. Two unrelated probands with classical aniridia who were previously considered "PAX6-negative", were studied by whole-genome sequencing. Through the use of multiple in silico deep learning-based algorithms, we identified two novel putative causal mutations, c.-133_-132del in the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) and c.-52 + 5G>A in an intron upstream of the PAX6 gene. The luciferase activity was significantly increased and VAX2 binding was disrupted with the former 5'-UTR variant compared with wild-type sequence, which resulted in a striking overexpression of PAX6. The minigene assay showed that the c.-52 + 5G>A mutation caused defective splicing, which resulted in the formation of truncated transcripts.
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32
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Multiple Dental Inclusion in Monozygotic Twins with Congenital Visual Impairment. Case Rep Dent 2020; 2020:8856206. [PMID: 32832166 PMCID: PMC7428941 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8856206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presents two monozygotic twins (MZ) with multiple impacted teeth, affecting the upper canines and lower second molars, as well as congenital aniridia. The clinical aspect of the upper canines is peculiar because of the different positions—palatal in one and buccal in the other twin. Studies reporting different scenarios of impaction in monozygotic twins can contribute more data to the debate on tooth eruption aetiology and more so in this case because of the association with a genetic panocular disease. Patients' Concerns. The patients were referred by a general dentist, who diagnosed the presence of multiple inclusions. Diagnostic Study. Both patients showed severe malocclusion, classified as grade 5 of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The MZ showed class I malocclusion, upper and lower crowding, and impacted lower right and left second molars. A Dentascan was prescribed for the canine impaction. The impaction of the upper canine was palatal of 2.3 in one of the MZ and buccal of 1.3 in the other one. The same altered pattern of eruption of the lower second molars was identified in both twins. The proposed treatment plan contemplated orthodontic surgical recovery of the impacted elements, followed by orthodontic treatment with multibracket appliance after the extraction of the first four premolars, given the crowding entity. The use of a retraction spring action was chosen for the recovery of the lower second molars. Many aspects of the possible genetic aetiology of tooth impaction are still under discussion. The study of diseases in twins offers decisive information. Finally, the possibility that alterations in the eruptive pattern of the dental elements may be associated with other congenital problems broadens the range of investigations related to the possible aetiological causes of the inclusions in humans.
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Vasilyeva TA, Marakhonov AV, Sukhanova NV, Kutsev SI, Zinchenko RA. Preferentially Paternal Origin of De Novo 11p13 Chromosome Deletions Revealed in Patients with Congenital Aniridia and WAGR Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070812. [PMID: 32708836 PMCID: PMC7397088 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of pathogenic large chromosome rearrangements detected in patients with different Mendelian diseases is truly diverse and can be remarkably high. Chromosome breaks could arise through different known mechanisms. Congenital PAX6-associated aniridia is a hereditary eye disorder caused by mutations or chromosome rearrangements involving the PAX6 gene. In our recent study, we identified 11p13 chromosome deletions in 30 out of 91 probands with congenital aniridia or WAGR syndrome (characterized by Wilms’ tumor, Aniridia, and Genitourinary abnormalities as well as mental Retardation). The loss of heterozygosity analysis (LOH) was performed in 10 families with de novo chromosome deletion in proband. In 7 out of 8 informative families, the analysis revealed that deletions occurred at the paternal allele. If paternal origin is not random, chromosome breaks could arise either (i) during spermiogenesis, which is possible due to specific male chromatin epigenetic program and its vulnerability to the breakage-causing factors, or (ii) in early zygotes at a time when chromosomes transmitted from different parents still carry epigenetic marks of the origin, which is also possible due to diverse and asymmetric epigenetic reprogramming occurring in male and female pronuclei. Some new data is needed to make a well-considered conclusion on the reasons for preferential paternal origin of 11p13 deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Vasilyeva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.V.); (S.I.K.); (R.A.Z.)
| | - Andrey V. Marakhonov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.V.); (S.I.K.); (R.A.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natella V. Sukhanova
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.V.); (S.I.K.); (R.A.Z.)
| | - Rena A. Zinchenko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.V.); (S.I.K.); (R.A.Z.)
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Chen H, Wu X, Li X, Chen J, Lin Z, Chen W, Lin H. Analysis of Choroidal Thickness in Children with Congenital Aniridia. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1292-1297. [PMID: 32141346 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1736309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) in children with congenital aniridia in comparison with age-matched controls. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study that included 64 eyes of 32 children with congenital aniridia (aged 5-12 years) and 80 eyes of 40 healthy subjects who were age-matched. In all subjects, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was assessed at 750-μm intervals from the fovea to 1.5 mm in the temporal and nasal directions with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results: The mean SFCT was 207.67 ± 30.99 µm in the aniridic eyes. This SFCT was significantly thinner than that in control eyes (288.55 ± 30.06 µm) (P < .001). The SFCTs at 1.5 mm and 0.75 mm intervals in the temporal and nasal directions from the fovea were also significantly thinner in eyes with aniridia than control eyes (P < .001).There was a significant negative correlation between the SFCT and axial length in eyes with aniridia (B = -10.60, 95%CI = -19.31~-1.89, P = .017). Conclusions: The subfoveal and parafoveal CTs were significantly thinner in eyes with congenital aniridia than in control eyes. These choroidal changes could open up a new way for the research related to the pathophysiology of congenital aniridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Gao H, Qiu C. Nonsense suppression induced readthrough of a novel PAX6 mutation in patient-derived cells of congenital aniridia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1198. [PMID: 32125788 PMCID: PMC7216799 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital aniridia is a severe ocular abnormality characterized by incomplete formation of the iris and many other ocular complications. Most cases are caused by the paired box 6 (PAX6) gene mutations generating premature termination codons (PTCs). Methods Ophthalmic examination was performed on a Chinese pedigree with congenital aniridia. The mutation was identified by targeted next‐generation sequencing. Nonsense suppression therapy was applied on patient‐derived lymphocytes. The PAX6 expression was assayed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results Complete aniridia was complicated with horizontal nystagmus, contract, foveal hypoplasia, and microphthalmia. A novel heterozygous c.702_703delinsAT (p.Tyr234*) mutation was found in exon 9 of PAX6, generating a PTC at the homeodomain. There were about 50% reductions of both full‐length PAX6 protein and PAX6 mRNA in patient‐derived lymphocytes, indicating haploinsufficiency due to nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. Ataluren (PTC124) and geneticin (G418) could induce about 30%–40% translational readthrough. Nonsense suppression therapy restored PAX6 protein to about 65%–70% of unaffected family controls. Conclusion Our data expanded the genetic and phenotypic variations of congenital aniridia, and showed the therapeutic effect of nonsense suppression on this disease using patient‐derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiming Gao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Shiels A. TRPM3_miR-204: a complex locus for eye development and disease. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:7. [PMID: 32070426 PMCID: PMC7027284 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
First discovered in a light-sensitive retinal mutant of Drosophila, the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of non-selective cation channels serve as polymodal cellular sensors that participate in diverse physiological processes across the animal kingdom including the perception of light, temperature, pressure, and pain. TRPM3 belongs to the melastatin sub-family of TRP channels and has been shown to function as a spontaneous calcium channel, with permeability to other cations influenced by alternative splicing and/or non-canonical channel activity. Activators of TRPM3 channels include the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate, calmodulin, phosphoinositides, and heat, whereas inhibitors include certain drugs, plant-derived metabolites, and G-protein subunits. Activation of TRPM3 channels at the cell membrane elicits a signal transduction cascade of mitogen-activated kinases and stimulus response transcription factors. The mammalian TRPM3 gene hosts a non-coding microRNA gene specifying miR-204 that serves as both a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator of post-transcriptional gene expression during eye development in vertebrates. Ocular co-expression of TRPM3 and miR-204 is upregulated by the paired box 6 transcription factor (PAX6) and mutations in all three corresponding genes underlie inherited forms of eye disease in humans including early-onset cataract, retinal dystrophy, and coloboma. This review outlines the genomic and functional complexity of the TRPM3_miR-204 locus in mammalian eye development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8096, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Lima Cunha D, Arno G, Corton M, Moosajee M. The Spectrum of PAX6 Mutations and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in the Eye. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121050. [PMID: 31861090 PMCID: PMC6947179 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor PAX6 is essential in ocular development in vertebrates, being considered the master regulator of the eye. During eye development, it is essential for the correct patterning and formation of the multi-layered optic cup and it is involved in the developing lens and corneal epithelium. In adulthood, it is mostly expressed in cornea, iris, and lens. PAX6 is a dosage-sensitive gene and it is highly regulated by several elements located upstream, downstream, and within the gene. There are more than 500 different mutations described to affect PAX6 and its regulatory regions, the majority of which lead to PAX6 haploinsufficiency, causing several ocular and systemic abnormalities. Aniridia is an autosomal dominant disorder that is marked by the complete or partial absence of the iris, foveal hypoplasia, and nystagmus, and is caused by heterozygous PAX6 mutations. Other ocular abnormalities have also been associated with PAX6 changes, and genotype-phenotype correlations are emerging. This review will cover recent advancements in PAX6 regulation, particularly the role of several enhancers that are known to regulate PAX6 during eye development and disease. We will also present an updated overview of the mutation spectrum, where an increasing number of mutations in the non-coding regions have been reported. Novel genotype-phenotype correlations will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin Arno
- Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Correspondence:
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Di Iorio E, Barbaro V, Alvisi G, Trevisan M, Ferrari S, Masi G, Nespeca P, Ghassabian H, Ponzin D, Palù G. New Frontiers of Corneal Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:923-945. [PMID: 31020856 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal diseases are among the most prevalent causes of blindness worldwide. The transparency and clarity of the cornea are guaranteed by a delicate physiological, anatomic, and functional balance. For this reason, all the disorders, including those of genetic origin, that compromise this state of harmony can lead to opacity and eventually vision loss. Many corneal disorders have a genetic etiology, and some are associated with rather rare and complex syndromes. Conventional treatments, such as corneal transplantation, are often ineffective, and to date, many of these disorders are still incurable. Gene therapy carries the promise of being a potential cure for many of these diseases, with solutions and strategies that did not seem possible until a few years ago. With its potential to treat genetic disease by means of deletion, replacement, or editing of a defective gene, the challenge can also be extended to corneal disorders in order to achieve long-term, if not definitive, relief. The aim of this paper is to review the state of the art of the different gene therapy approaches as potential treatments for corneal diseases and the future perspectives for the development of personalized gene-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Di Iorio
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanessa Barbaro
- 2Fondazione Banca Degli Occhi Del Veneto Onlus, Zelarino, Venezia, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Trevisan
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- 2Fondazione Banca Degli Occhi Del Veneto Onlus, Zelarino, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giulia Masi
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nespeca
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hanieh Ghassabian
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Ponzin
- 2Fondazione Banca Degli Occhi Del Veneto Onlus, Zelarino, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Liu S, Li J, Xu J, Liao S, Chen Y, Zhang R, Tian R, Zhang K. Lack of association between PAX6/SOSTDC1/FAM20B gene polymorphisms and mesiodens. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:90. [PMID: 31133012 PMCID: PMC6537368 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the genetic polymorphism of genes (PAX6, SOSTDC1and FAM20B) and the susceptibility to mesiodens. Methods This study was carried out on 50 patients with mesiodens and 50 controls. The family history of each patient with mesiodens were recorded. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in all exons and exon/intron boundaries of PAX6, SOSTDC1 and FAM20B using Sanger sequencing. The data were analyzed using pearson chi-square test with theoretical frequency ≥ 5. For theoretical frequency less than 5 but at least 1 (≤20% cell), the data were analyzed by continuity correction. For the rest, Fisher’s Exact test was used. A P-value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were recorded. Results Three polymorphisms were detected in PAX6. Two polymorphisms were detected in SOSTDC1. Twenty-nine polymorphisms were detected in FAM20B. Although, the T allele of FAM20B (rs3766626) appears to be associated with mesiodens (P = 0.051), there were no significant differences of PAX6/SOSTDC1/FAM20B gene polymorphisms between the two groups. The T allele of FAM20B (rs3766626) was associated with susceptibility to two mesiodens (P < 0.001; OR = 8.333; CI = 2.516–27.600). Conclusions Lack of association between PAX6/SOSTDC1/FAM20B gene polymorphisms and mesiodens in the population studied was detected. Further studies with large samples on T allele of FAM20B (rs3766626) are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-019-0788-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Jincheng Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Shengkai Liao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Rongxiu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Ruixue Tian
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China.
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Gergics P. Pituitary Transcription Factor Mutations Leading to Hypopituitarism. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2019; 111:263-298. [PMID: 31588536 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25905-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Congenital pituitary hormone deficiency is a disabling condition. It is part of a spectrum of disorders including craniofacial midline developmental defects ranging from holoprosencephaly through septo-optic dysplasia to combined and isolated pituitary hormone deficiency. The first genes discovered in the human disease were based on mouse models of dwarfism due to mutations in transcription factor genes. High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies enabled clinicians and researchers to find novel genetic causes of hypopituitarism for the more than three quarters of patients without a known genetic diagnosis to date. Transcription factor (TF) genes are at the forefront of the functional analysis of novel variants of unknown significance due to the relative ease in in vitro testing in a research lab. Genetic testing in hypopituitarism is of high importance to the individual and their family to predict phenotype composition, disease progression and to avoid life-threatening complications such as secondary adrenal insufficiency.This chapter aims to highlight our current understanding about (1) the contribution of TF genes to pituitary development (2) the diversity of inheritance and phenotype features in combined and select isolated pituitary hormone deficiency and (3) provide an initial assessment on how to approach variants of unknown significance in human hypopituitarism. Our better understanding on how transcription factor gene variants lead to hypopituitarism is a meaningful step to plan advanced therapies to specific genetic changes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gergics
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Vicente A, Byström B, Pedrosa Domellöf F. Altered Signaling Pathways in Aniridia-Related Keratopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:5531-5541. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Vicente
- Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Berit Byström
- Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fátima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Bai Z, Kong X. Extension of the mutation spectrum of PAX6 from three Chinese congenital aniridia families and identification of male gonadal mosaicism. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:1053-1067. [PMID: 30334364 PMCID: PMC6305634 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital aniridia is a severe autosomal dominant binocular developmental disorder, the primary feature of which is congenital absence or hypoplasia of the iris. PAX6 is the main disease‐causing gene of congenital aniridia; inheritance is autosomal dominant. But the current mutations do not fully explain this disorder. Methods We investigated the mutation profile of genes related in three Chinese families with congenital aniridia through targeted sequencing technology. And we validated the candidate variants by PCR‐based Sanger sequencing. Different degree impairments of islet function were observed in the patients with aniridia by carbohydrate tolerance butter and insulin release tests in our study. Results We identified four novel mutations of PAX6 from three Chinese families with congenital aniridia, which included heterozygous double mutation c.879_880delCA (p.S294Cfs*46) and c.1124C>G (p.P375R) in Family 1 with three patients, heterozygous frameshift mutation c.308delG (p.P103Qfs*21) in Family 2 with one patient, and c.1192delT (p.S398Pfs*126) in Family 3 with two patients. The three frameshift mutations of PAX6 are co‐segregated with the aniridia from controls in the families, but the novel missense mutation is not co‐segregated with the phenotype. The frameshift mutations in Family 1 and Family 2 have effects to truncate the protein, but the frameshift mutation in Family 3 will prolong it. We confirmed the phenomenon of male gonadal mosaicism of PAX6 by the sequencing of two linked novel mutations in Family 1. Most of the patients with isolated aniridia have different degrees of islet damage through related clinical tests. Conclusion It is therefore noteworthy that we found different types of pathogenic mutation, which have effects of truncating or prolonging protein leaded by frameshift mutation. Our results of this study extended the pathogenic mutation spectrum of PAX6 for congenital aniridia and demonstrated the male germline chimerism by molecular experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxian Bai
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Epistasis between Pax6 Sey and genetic background reinforces the value of defined hybrid mouse models for therapeutic trials. Gene Ther 2018; 25:524-537. [PMID: 30258099 PMCID: PMC6335240 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The small eye (Sey) mouse is a model of PAX6-aniridia syndrome (aniridia). Aniridia, a congenital ocular disorder caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in PAX6, needs new vision saving therapies. However, high phenotypic variability in Sey mice makes development of such therapies challenging. We hypothesize that genetic background is a major source of undesirable variability in Sey mice. Here we performed a systematic quantitative examination of anatomical, histological, and molecular phenotypes on the inbred C57BL/6J, hybrid B6129F1, and inbred 129S1/SvImJ backgrounds. The Sey allele significantly reduced eye weight, corneal thickness, PAX6 mRNA and protein levels, and elevated blood glucose levels. Surprisingly, Pax6Sey/Sey brains had significantly elevated Pax6 transcripts compared to Pax6+/+ embryos. Genetic background significantly influenced 12/24 measurements, with inbred strains introducing severe ocular and blood sugar phenotypes not observed in hybrid mice. Additionally, significant interactions (epistasis) between Pax6 genotype and genetic background were detected in measurements of eye weight, cornea epithelial thickness and cell count, retinal mRNA levels, and blood glucose levels. The number of epistatic interactions was reduced in hybrid mice. In conclusion, severe phenotypes in the unnatural inbred strains reinforce the value of more naturalistic F1 hybrid mice for the development of therapies for aniridia and other disorders.
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Liu X, Wu Y, Miao Z, Zhang H, Gong B, Zhu X, Huang L, Shi Y, Hao F, Ma S, Lin H, Wang L, Yang Z. A novel deletion downstream of the PAX6 gene identified in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:428-436. [PMID: 29902091 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1466336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zequn Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center of Optometry, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Hao
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lejin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center of Optometry, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Vicente A, Byström B, Lindström M, Stenevi U, Pedrosa Domellöf F. Aniridia-related keratopathy: Structural changes in naïve and transplanted corneal buttons. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198822. [PMID: 29889891 PMCID: PMC5995400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To study structural changes in naïve and surgically treated corneas of aniridia patients with advanced aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK). Methods and findings Two naïve corneal buttons from patients with advanced ARK submitted to penetrating keratoplasty for the first time, one corneal button from an ARK patient that had undergone a keratolimbal allograft (KLAL), two corneal buttons from ARK patients who had previously undergone centered or decentered transplantation and were now retransplanted and two adult healthy donor control corneas were processed for immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against extracellular matrix components in the stroma and in the epithelial basement membrane (collagen I and IV, collagen receptor α11 integrin and laminin α3 chain), markers of fibrosis, wound healing and vascularization (fibronectin, tenascin-C, vimentin, α-SMA and caveolin-1), cell division (Ki-67) and macrophages (CD68) were used. Naïve ARK, KLAL ARK corneas and transplanted corneal buttons presented similar histopathological changes with irregular epithelium and disruption or absence of epithelial basal membrane. There was a loss of the orderly pattern of collagen lamellae and absence of collagen I in all ARK corneas. Vascularization was revealed by the presence of caveolin-1 and collagen IV in the pannus of all ARK aniridia corneas. The changes observed in decentered and centered transplants were analogous. Conclusions Given the similar pathological features of all cases, conditions inherent to the host seem to play an important role on the pathophysiology of the ARK in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Vicente
- Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Berit Byström
- Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mona Lindström
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Stenevi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fátima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Science, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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