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Lu G, Liu H, Wang H, Tang X, Luo S, Du M, Christiani DC, Wei Q. Potentially functional variants of INPP5D and EXOSC3 in immunity B cell-related genes are associated with non-small cell lung cancer survival. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1440454. [PMID: 39176091 PMCID: PMC11338758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1440454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells are adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. However, the roles of genetic variants of the immunity B cell-related genes in the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. In the present study, we first evaluated associations between 10,776 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 220 immunity B cell-related genes and survival of NSCLC in a discovery dataset of 1,185 patients from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. We found that 369 SNPs were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of NSCLC in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (P ≤ 0.05, Bayesian false discovery probability ≤ 0.80), of which 18 SNPs were validated in another independent genotyping dataset of 984 patients from the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility (HLCS) Study. We then performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, followed by stepwise analysis with a multivariable Cox regression model. Finally, two independent SNPs, inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D (INPP5D) rs13385922 C>T and exosome component 3 (EXOSC3) rs3208406 A>G, remained significantly associated withNSCLC OS with a combined hazards ratio (HR) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.23, P = 2.41×10-4) and 1.20 (95% confidence interval = 1.14-1.28, P = 3.41×10-9), respectively. Furthermore, NSCLC patients with the combination of unfavorable genotypes for these two SNPs were associated with a poor OS (P trend = 0.0002) and disease-specific survival (DSS, P trend < 0.0001) in the PLCO dataset. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis suggested that the INPP5D rs6782875 T allele was significantly correlated with elevated INPP5D mRNA expression levels in normal lung tissues and whole blood samples, while the EXOSC3 rs3208406 G allele was significantly correlated with increased EXOSC3 mRNA expression levels in normal lung tissues. Our data indicated that genetic variants in these immunity B cell-related genes may predict NSCLC survival possibly by influencing the gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Huilin Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaozhun Tang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Guangxi Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mulong Du
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David C. Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Ilikci-Sagkan R, Fatma Akin D, Liman R, Muddassir Ali M. In silico analysis of DEL-1 and inflammation-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152838. [PMID: 39089131 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM Twenty to thirty percent of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are caused by lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), especially in smokers and there has been limited study previously evaluating the situation in terms of the genome and gene expression profile, which demonstrates the relationship among DEL-1, leucocyte recruitment, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LUSC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the current study, the m-RNA expression patterns and mutation profiles of our target genes, such as, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractant molecules, and DEL-1 genes, in 511 LUSC patients. To find the harmful mutations, the PolyPhen-2 and SNAP programs were employed. Not only gene expression was detected, but also survival analysis and correlation between DEL-1 and other target genes' expression levels were explored too. RESULTS Target genes such as, DEL-1, TNF, IL-18, IL-1, CXCL8, CXCL13, and IL-6 were found to have a total genetic anomaly carrying rate of 16.4%. Seven mutations were found, and two of those mutations have a pathogenic aspect. Deep deletion and gene amplification of the genetic anomalies were also observed. According to gene expression analysis results in the LUSC patient group; DEL-1 and IL-6 levels were significantly lower than those of the control group, whereas the CXCL13 level was found to be higher. CONCLUSION Findings of the current study revealed that, there is a significant role of DEL-1 in LUSC pathogenesis. Since present study is an in silico-centered study, this approach can give more insight on experimental studies. These events may support that one of the cancer improvement mechanisms depending on DEL-1 gene at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahsan Ilikci-Sagkan
- Uşak University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Uşak, Türkiye.
| | - Dilara Fatma Akin
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Niğde, Türkiye
| | - Recep Liman
- Uşak University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Uşak, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Liu TC, Shih CJ, Chiou YL. Oral administration of oligo fucoidan improves the survival rate, quality of life, and immunity in patients with lung cancer. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10674. [PMID: 38974912 PMCID: PMC11227263 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, has the highest incidence and mortality rates in Taiwan. It can be divided into two types. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers, which is further divided into adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung cancer accounting for approximately 40%, 25%, and 15% of NSCLC cases, respectively. Small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 15% of lung cancers. Early systemic therapy NSCLC was based on chemotherapy, and immunotherapy is currently under development. Fucoidan, from brown seaweed extracts, shows promise in mitigating radiation-induced lung fibrosis in animal studies, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant for radiation therapy-related lung fibrosis in lung cancer patients. However, the clinical utility of such adjuvant therapy in lung cancer treatment remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of oligo-fucoidan on the survival rate, quality of life, and immunity of patients with lung cancer. Methods Subjects with Non-small cell lung cancer aged between 20 and 80 were collected from outpatient clinics, divided into control group (n = 7): conventional therapy and fucoidan group (n = 13): received conventional therapy+ oral supplementation of oligo-fucoidan (550 mg × 4 tablets). Data were collected before the study, at weeks 4, 12, and 24 during the study, and to collect 20 ml of peripheral blood, for analysis biochemical data, liver and kidney function, lymphocyte population, inflammation cytokines, and using EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire to assess quality of life. Results The survival rates of the subjects in the control and fucoidan groups were 20% and 28.6%, respectively. During the study, patients in the fucoidan group experienced a better quality of life than those in the control group, but this difference lacked statistical significance. Oligo-fucoidan increases the CD19 lymphocyte population. The patients in the fucoidan group also had Lower inflammatory cytokine. Conclusion Oligo-fucoidan holds promise as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the survival rate, quality of life, and immune function in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Chen Liu
- Department of Chest Medicine, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ju Shih
- Department of Nutrition (Master Program), Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Chiou
- Department of Nutrition (Master Program), Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lu C, Gao Z, Wu D, Zheng J, Hu C, Huang D, He C, Liu Y, Lin C, Peng T, Dou Y, Zhang Y, Sun F, Jiang W, Yin G, Han R, He Y. Understanding the dynamics of TKI-induced changes in the tumor immune microenvironment for improved therapeutic effect. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009165. [PMID: 38908857 PMCID: PMC11328648 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamic interplay between tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the therapeutic trajectory of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding the functional dynamics and resistance mechanisms of TKIs is essential for advancing the treatment of NSCLC. METHODS This study assessed the effects of short-term and long-term TKI treatments on the TME in NSCLC, particularly targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations. We analyzed changes in immune cell composition, cytokine profiles, and key proteins involved in immune evasion, such as laminin subunit γ-2 (LAMC2). We also explored the use of aspirin as an adjunct therapy to modulate the TME and counteract TKI resistance. RESULTS Short-term TKI treatment enhanced T cell-mediated tumor clearance, reduced immunosuppressive M2 macrophage infiltration, and downregulated LAMC2 expression. Conversely, long-term TKI treatment fostered an immunosuppressive TME, contributing to drug resistance and promoting immune escape. Differential responses were observed among various oncogenic mutations, with ALK-targeted therapies eliciting a stronger antitumor immune response compared with EGFR-targeted therapies. Notably, we found that aspirin has potential in overcoming TKI resistance by modulating the TME and enhancing T cell-mediated tumor clearance. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer new insights into the dynamics of TKI-induced changes in the TME, improving our understanding of NSCLC challenges. The study underscores the critical role of the TME in TKI resistance and suggests that adjunct therapies, like aspirin, may provide new strategies to enhance TKI efficacy and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Daijuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyao Dou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fenfen Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiling Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Prevention of Major Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Cheng J, Xiao M, Meng Q, Zhang M, Zhang D, Liu L, Jin Q, Fu Z, Li Y, Chen X, Xie H. Decoding temporal heterogeneity in NSCLC through machine learning and prognostic model construction. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:156. [PMID: 38872167 PMCID: PMC11170806 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent and heterogeneous disease with significant genomic variations between the early and advanced stages. The identification of key genes and pathways driving NSCLC tumor progression is critical for improving the diagnosis and treatment outcomes of this disease. METHODS In this study, we conducted single-cell transcriptome analysis on 93,406 cells from 22 NSCLC patients to characterize malignant NSCLC cancer cells. Utilizing cNMF, we classified these cells into distinct modules, thus identifying the diverse molecular profiles within NSCLC. Through pseudotime analysis, we delineated temporal gene expression changes during NSCLC evolution, thus demonstrating genes associated with disease progression. Using the XGBoost model, we assessed the significance of these genes in the pseudotime trajectory. Our findings were validated by using transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), supplemented via LASSO regression to refine the selection of characteristic genes. Subsequently, we established a risk score model based on these genes, thus providing a potential tool for cancer risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies. RESULTS We used cNMF to classify malignant NSCLC cells into three functional modules, including the metabolic reprogramming module, cell cycle module, and cell stemness module, which can be used for the functional classification of malignant tumor cells in NSCLC. These findings also indicate that metabolism, the cell cycle, and tumor stemness play important driving roles in the malignant evolution of NSCLC. We integrated cNMF and XGBoost to select marker genes that are indicative of both early and advanced NSCLC stages. The expression of genes such as CHCHD2, GAPDH, and CD24 was strongly correlated with the malignant evolution of NSCLC at the single-cell data level. These genes have been validated via histological data. The risk score model that we established (represented by eight genes) was ultimately validated with GEO data. CONCLUSION In summary, our study contributes to the identification of temporal heterogeneous biomarkers in NSCLC, thus offering insights into disease progression mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. The developed workflow demonstrates promise for future applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Meizhu Xiao
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Qingkang Meng
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Denan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jin
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Zhijin Fu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China
| | - Xiujie Chen
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China.
| | - Hongbo Xie
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, P. R. China.
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Qin W, Fei G, Zhou Q, Li Z, Li W, Wei P. Nuclear protein NOP2 serves as a poor-prognosis predictor of LUAD and aggravates the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:58. [PMID: 38489049 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that NOP2, a nucleolar protein, is up-regulated in various cancers, suggesting a potential link to tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes. This study examines NOP2's role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a context where its implications remain unclear. Utilizing bioinformatics, we assessed 513 LUAD and 59 normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to explore NOP2's diagnostic and prognostic significance in LUAD. Additionally, in vitro experiments compared NOP2 expression between Beas-2b and A549 cells. Advanced databases and analytical tools, including LINKEDOMICS, STRING, and TISIDB, were employed to further elucidate NOP2's association with LUAD. Our findings indicate a significantly higher expression of NOP2 mRNA and protein in A549 cells compared to Beas-2b cells (P < 0.001). In LUAD, elevated NOP2 levels were linked to decreased Overall Survival (OS) and advanced clinical stages. Univariate Cox analysis revealed that high NOP2 expression correlated with poorer OS in LUAD (P < 0.01), a finding independently supported by multivariate Cox analysis (P < 0.05). The relationship between NOP2 expression and LUAD risk was presented via a Nomogram. Additionally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified seven NOP2-related signaling pathways. A focal point of our research was the interplay between NOP2 and tumor-immune interactions. Notably, a negative correlation was observed between NOP2 expression and the immune infiltration levels of macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and CD8 + T cells in LUAD. Moreover, the expression of NOP2 was related to the sensitivity of various chemotherapeutic drugs. In vitro, we found that downregulating NOP2 can decrease the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells. Furthermore, NOP2 can regulate Caspase3-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, particularly regarding prognosis, immune infiltration and vitro experiments, these findings suggest NOP2's potential of serving as a poor-prognostic biomarker for LUAD and aggravating the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gaoqiang Fei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Quality Management, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 8 Jiangdong South Road, Jianye District, Nanjing City, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing City, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Li H, Shyam Sunder S, Jatwani K, Bae Y, Deng L, Liu Q, Dy GK, Pokharel S. Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Responsiveness in Pembrolizumab-Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:744. [PMID: 38398135 PMCID: PMC10887414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pembrolizumab, a widely used immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Identifying unique tumor characteristics in patients likely to respond to pembrolizumab could help the clinical adjudication and development of a personalized therapeutic strategy. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical data and pathological features of 84 NSCLC patients treated with pembrolizumab. We examined the correlation between the clinical and demographic characteristics and the tumor histopathologic features obtained before immunotherapy. The response to pembrolizumab therapy was evaluated via the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The clinical data and cancer tissue characteristics were assessed and compared among three groups according to the following RECIST: the responsive group (RG), the stable disease group (SD), and the progressive disease group (PD), where the RG comprised patients with either a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR). The overall survival rate of the RG group was significantly higher than the SD and PD groups. In addition, the percentage of pre-treatment viable tumor cell content in the RG and SD groups was significantly higher. At the same time, the extracellular stroma proportion was significantly lower than that of the PD group. The number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the RG group was significantly higher than in the PD group. There were no significant differences in tumor necrosis, the stroma composition, PD-L1 expression level (TPS 1-49% vs. ≥50%), and treatment response. In conclusion, our population of NSCLC patients who experienced positive treatment responses to pembrolizumab therapy had a better prognosis compared to patients with either SD or PD. Moreover, the relative proportions of viable tumor cells to tumor-associated lymphocytes were associated with responsiveness to treatment. It is expected that larger prospective clinical studies will further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (H.L.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Sunitha Shyam Sunder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (H.L.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Karan Jatwani
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.J.); (L.D.); (G.K.D.)
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.J.); (L.D.); (G.K.D.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Grace K. Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (K.J.); (L.D.); (G.K.D.)
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (H.L.); (S.S.S.)
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Raskova Kafkova L, Mierzwicka JM, Chakraborty P, Jakubec P, Fischer O, Skarda J, Maly P, Raska M. NSCLC: from tumorigenesis, immune checkpoint misuse to current and future targeted therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342086. [PMID: 38384472 PMCID: PMC10879685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is largely promoted by a multistep tumorigenesis process involving various genetic and epigenetic alterations, which essentially contribute to the high incidence of mortality among patients with NSCLC. Clinical observations revealed that NSCLC also co-opts a multifaceted immune checkpoint dysregulation as an important driving factor in NSCLC progression and development. For example, a deregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been noticed in 50-70% of NSCLC cases, primarily modulated by mutations in key oncogenes such as ALK, EGFR, KRAS, and others. Additionally, genetic association studies containing patient-specific factors and local reimbursement criteria expose/reveal mutations in EGFR/ALK/ROS/BRAF/KRAS/PD-L1 proteins to determine the suitability of available immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Thus, the expression of such checkpoints on tumors and immune cells is pivotal in understanding the therapeutic efficacy and has been extensively studied for NSCLC treatments. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge in NSCLC tumorigenesis, focusing on its genetic and epigenetic intricacies, immune checkpoint dysregulation, and the evolving landscape of targeted therapies. In the context of current and future therapies, we emphasize the significance of antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 interactions as the primary therapeutic strategy for immune system reactivation in NSCLC. Other approaches involving the promising potential of nanobodies, probodies, affibodies, and DARPINs targeting immune checkpoints are also described; these are under active research or clinical trials to mediate immune regulation and reduce cancer progression. This comprehensive review underscores the multifaceted nature, current state and future directions of NSCLC research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Raskova Kafkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Joanna M. Mierzwicka
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Prosenjit Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Fischer
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Petr Maly
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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9
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Takam Kamga P, Mayenga M, Sebane L, Costantini A, Julie C, Capron C, Parent F, Seferian A, Guettier C, Emile JF, Giroux Leprieur E. Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) signalling is predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2024; 188:107447. [PMID: 38176297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers related to treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of macrophage-related markers assessed in plasma and tissue samples of patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI treatment. This bicentric study included a prospective cohort of 88 patients with advanced NSCLC who received first-line therapy with ICI (either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy) or chemotherapy alone (CT). Samples were collected from the patients at baseline and during follow-up. Plasma levels of CSF-1 and IL-34 were measured using ELISA, while expression levels of the macrophage receptors CD163 and CSF-1-R were evaluated using immunohistochemistry on lung biopsies. At baseline, the median plasma CSF-1 expression was higher in patients who did not respond to immunotherapy compared to those who responded (8898 pg/mL vs. 14031 pg/mL, p = 0.0005). Importantly, high CSF-1 levels at the initial assessment were associated with disease progression regardless of the treatment received. Furthermore, high CSF-1 levels were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients receiving ICI therapy, but not in those treated with chemotherapy. There was no correlation between IL-34, CSF-1R, CD163 and therapeutic response. We observed in vitro that the activation of lymphocytes mediated by pembrolizumab was hindered by the treatment of PBMC with recombinant CSF-1, suggesting that CSF-1 creates a systemic immunosuppressive state that interferes with ICI treatment. In conclusion, baseline CSF-1 levels represent a potential predictive marker to ICI treatment in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marie Mayenga
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Louise Sebane
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Adrien Costantini
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; APHP - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Catherine Julie
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; APHP - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Department of Pathology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Claude Capron
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; APHP - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Department of Hematology Immunology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Florence Parent
- APHP - Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Pulmonology, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Andrei Seferian
- APHP - Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Pulmonology, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- APHP - Hôpital Bicêtre, Department of Pathology, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; APHP - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Department of Pathology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Etienne Giroux Leprieur
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, EA4340 BECCOH, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; APHP - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
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10
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Woo W, Lee J, Jin DH, Kim J, Moon DH, Lee S. Segmentectomy quality remains important in ground-glass-dominant stage I lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:57-65. [PMID: 38013619 PMCID: PMC10761609 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmentectomy for early-stage lung cancer has benefits for survival and parenchymal preservation. However, segmentectomies are technically challenging, thereby resulting in considerable variability in the quality of resection. In this study, we aimed to review the quality of segmentectomies and analyze their clinical impact. METHODS This retrospective study reviewed patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer after segmentectomies between 2013 and 2021. Segmentectomies were classified as anatomical or nonanatomical; anatomical resection included segmental bronchus and vessel (artery and/or vein) divisions; others were classified as nonanatomical. The primary outcome was recurrence-free and overall survival, and the secondary outcome was postoperative spirometry and lung plication, which is seen as a fibrotic line along the stapling site. RESULTS Of the 132 segmental resections included in this study, 101 (76.5%) were anatomical segmentectomies. The median consolidation-tumor ratio was 0.40, and 83.3% (110/132) had ground-glass opacities (GGOs). Compared to nonanatomical resections, more N1 and total lymph node stations were retrieved after anatomical segmentectomies. Regarding clinical outcomes, recurrence-free survival was better after anatomical segmentectomy (p = 0.049); however, overall survival was not significantly different (p = 0.064). Furthermore, at 3-6 months postoperatively, thicker lung plication at the stapling site was observed in nonanatomical resections (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis for complex segmentectomies revealed a larger decrease in forced-expiration volume in 1 s after nonanatomical resection. CONCLUSION Anatomical segmentectomy resulted in better survival and a lower incidence of thick lung plication, even in GGO-dominant tumors. Therefore, further standardization and quality management of segmentectomy procedures will improve the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongi Woo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Jin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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11
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Friedes C, Iocolano M, Lee SH, Duan L, Li B, Doucette A, Cohen RB, Aggarwal C, Sun LL, Levin WP, Cengel KA, Kao G, Teo BKK, Langer CJ, Xiao Y, Bradley J, Feigenberg SJ, Yegya-Raman N. The effective radiation dose to immune cells predicts lymphopenia and inferior cancer control in locally advanced NSCLC. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:110030. [PMID: 38008414 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association of the effective dose to immune cells (EDIC) with disease control, lymphopenia, and toxicity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify methods to reduce EDIC. METHODS We abstracted data from all patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with chemoradiation with or without consolidative immunotherapy over a ten-year period. Associations between EDIC and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were modeled with Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic regression was used to model predictors of lymphopenia and higher EDIC. Analyses were performed with EDIC as a continuous and categorical variable. Lymphopenia was graded per CTCAE v5.0. RESULTS Overall, 786 patients were included (228 of which received consolidative immunotherapy); median EDIC was 4.7 Gy. Patients with EDIC < 4.7 Gy had a longer median PFS (15.3 vs. 9.0 months; p < 0.001) and OS (34.2 vs. 22.4 months; p < 0.001). On multivariable modeling, EDIC correlated with inferior PFS (HR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.01-1.14, p = 0.014) and OS (HR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.04-1.18, p = 0.002). EDIC was predictive of grade 4 lymphopenia (OR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.02-1.33, p = 0.026). EDIC ≥ 4.7 Gy was associated with increased grade 2 + pneumonitis (6-month incidence: 26 % vs 20 %, p = 0.04) and unplanned hospitalizations (90-day incidence: 40 % vs 30 %, p = 0.002). Compared to protons, photon therapy was associated with EDIC ≥ 4.7 Gy (OR 5.26, 95 % CI 3.71-7.69, p < 0.001) in multivariable modeling. CONCLUSIONS EDIC is associated with inferior disease outcomes, treatment-related toxicity, and the development of severe lymphopenia. Proton therapy is associated with lower EDIC. Further investigations to limit radiation dose to the immune system appear warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Friedes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Michelle Iocolano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Physics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Physics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Physics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abigail Doucette
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lova L Sun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William P Levin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keith A Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gary Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Boon-Keng Kevin Teo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Physics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Corey J Langer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Physics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bradley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Steven J Feigenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nikhil Yegya-Raman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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12
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Lin H, Li W, Sun R, Xu C, Zhang C, Gao J, Cao W, Qin X, Zhong S, Chen Y. Purification and characterization of a novel immunoregulatory peptide from Sipunculus nudus L. protein. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7779-7790. [PMID: 38107114 PMCID: PMC10724601 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to purify and characterize immunoregulatory peptides from Sipunculus nudus L. and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to purify the peptide following enzymatic hydrolysis. Rates of lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis as well as nitric oxide (NO) production levels were used as indicators of immunoregulatory activity to screen the fractions. The amino acid sequence of the peptide, designated as SNLP, was identified as Arg-Val-Lys-Gly-Lys-Ile-Leu-Ala-Lys-Arg-Leu-Asn (RVKGKILAKRLN) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Treatment with the synthetic SNLP increased the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophages and promoted the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and NO levels. The mRNA levels of these cytokines and iNOS were also increased by SNLP. Our results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that SNLP acts as a dual immunomodulatory peptide with immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. In summary, SNLP derived from Sipunculus nudus L. is a potent immunoregulatory peptide and represents a potential functional food or immunoregulatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Lin
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Wan Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Ruikun Sun
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Cheng Xu
- Empress TherapeuticsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jialong Gao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Wenhong Cao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and SafetyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological ProductsGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine FoodGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Yibin Chen
- Hainan Semnl Biotechnology Co. Ltd.ChengmaiChina
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13
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Vega AA, Marshall EA, Noonan AJC, Filho FSL, Yang J, Stewart GL, Johnson FD, Vucic EA, Pewarchuk ME, Shah PP, Clem BF, Nislow C, Lam S, Lockwood WW, Hallam SJ, Leung JM, Beverly LJ, Lam WL. Methionine-producing tumor micro(be) environment fuels growth of solid tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1659-1673. [PMID: 37318751 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have uncovered the near-ubiquitous presence of microbes in solid tumors of diverse origins. Previous literature has shown the impact of specific bacterial species on the progression of cancer. We propose that local microbial dysbiosis enables certain cancer phenotypes through provisioning of essential metabolites directly to tumor cells. METHODS 16S rDNA sequencing of 75 patient lung samples revealed the lung tumor microbiome specifically enriched for bacteria capable of producing methionine. Wild-type (WT) and methionine auxotrophic (metA mutant) E. coli cells were used to condition cell culture media and the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells were measured using SYTO60 staining. Further, colony forming assay, Annexin V Staining, BrdU, AlamarBlue, western blot, qPCR, LINE microarray and subcutaneous injection with methionine modulated feed were used to analyze cellular proliferation, cell-cycle, cell death, methylation potential, and xenograft formation under methionine restriction. Moreover, C14-labeled glucose was used to illustrate the interplay between tumor cells and bacteria. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Our results show bacteria found locally within the tumor microenvironment are enriched for methionine synthetic pathways, while having reduced S-adenosylmethionine metabolizing pathways. As methionine is one of nine essential amino acids that mammals are unable to synthesize de novo, we investigated a potentially novel function for the microbiome, supplying essential nutrients, such as methionine, to cancer cells. We demonstrate that LUAD cells can utilize methionine generated by bacteria to rescue phenotypes that would otherwise be inhibited due to nutrient restriction. In addition to this, with WT and metA mutant E. coli, we saw a selective advantage for bacteria with an intact methionine synthetic pathway to survive under the conditions induced by LUAD cells. These results would suggest that there is a potential bi-directional cross-talk between the local microbiome and adjacent tumor cells. In this study, we focused on methionine as one of the critical molecules, but we also hypothesize that additional bacterial metabolites may also be utilized by LUAD. Indeed, our radiolabeling data suggest that other biomolecules are shared between cancer cells and bacteria. Thus, modulating the local microbiome may have an indirect effect on tumor development, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Vega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Hancock St. Rm 204, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Avery J C Noonan
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Julia Yang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Greg L Stewart
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fraser D Johnson
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Michelle E Pewarchuk
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parag P Shah
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Hancock St. Rm 204, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Brian F Clem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Hancock St. Rm 204, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Corey Nislow
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W Lockwood
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biofactorial High-Throughput Biology Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice M Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Hancock St. Rm 204, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Wan L Lam
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Mullen S, Movia D. The role of extracellular vesicles in non-small-cell lung cancer, the unknowns, and how new approach methodologies can support new knowledge generation in the field. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106516. [PMID: 37406971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released from most human cell types that contain a variety of cargos responsible for mediating cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communications. Current knowledge demonstrates that EVs also play critical roles in many aspects of the progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Their roles range from increasing proliferative signalling to inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cancer metastasis, and modulating the tumour microenvironment to support cancer development. However, due to the limited availability of patient samples, intrinsic inter-species differences between human and animal EV biology, and the complex nature of EV interactions in vivo, where multiple cell types are present and several events occur simultaneously, the use of conventional preclinical and clinical models has significantly hindered reaching conclusive results. This review discusses the biological roles that EVs are currently known to play in NSCLC and identifies specific challenges in advancing today's knowledge. It also describes the NSCLC models that have been used to define currently-known EV functions, the limitations associated with their use in this field, and how New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), such as microfluidic platforms, organoids, and spheroids, can be used to overcome these limitations, effectively supporting future exciting discoveries in the NSCLC field and the potential clinical exploitation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sive Mullen
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Wang JL, Zhang L, Xu CZ, Qin XQ, Liu SJ, Wen BJ, Ren HZ. KRT17 serves as an oncogene biomarker of poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 3:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmt.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
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16
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Hsieh K, Dickstein DR, Runnels J, Lehrer EJ, Rosenzweig K, Hirsch FR, Samstein RM. Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1642. [PMID: 37371737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a pillar of cancer treatment has emphasized the immune system's integral role in tumor control and progression through cancer immune surveillance. ICIs are being investigated and incorporated into the treatment paradigm for lung cancers across stages and histology. To date, definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidative durvalumab is the only National Comprehensive Cancer Network's recommended treatment paradigm including radiotherapy with ICI in lung cancers, although there are other recommendations for ICI with chemotherapy and/or surgery. This narrative review provides an overall view of the evolving integration and synergistic role of immunotherapy and radiotherapy and outlines the use of immunotherapy with radiotherapy for the management of small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It also reviews selected, practice-changing clinical trials that led to the current standard of care for lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hsieh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel R Dickstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juliana Runnels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric J Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Rosenzweig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert M Samstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Mohanty SK, Mishra SK, Amin MB, Agaimy A, Fuchs F. Role of Surgical Pathologist for the Detection of Immuno-oncologic Predictive Factors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancers. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:174-194. [PMID: 37037418 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Until very recently, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been the mainstay of treatment in non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs). However, recent advances in molecular immunology have unveiled some of the complexity of the mechanisms regulating cellular immune responses and led to the successful targeting of immune checkpoints in attempts to enhance antitumor T-cell responses. Immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4, programmed cell death protein-1, and programmed death ligand (PD-L) 1 have been shown to play central roles in evading cancer immunity. Thus, these molecules have been targeted by inhibitors for the management of cancers forming the basis of immunotherapy. Advanced NSCLC has been the paradigm for the benefits of immunotherapy in any cancer. Treatment decisions are made based on the expression of PD-L1 on the tumor cells and the presence or absence of driver mutations. Patients with high PD-L1 expression (≥50%) and no driver mutations are treated with single-agent immunotherapy whereas, for all other patients with a lower level of PD-L1 expression, a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is preferred. Thus, PD-L1 blockers are the only immunotherapeutic agents approved in advanced NSCLC without any oncogenic driver mutations. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, however, may not be the best biomarker in view of its dynamic nature in time and space, and the benefits may be seen regardless of PD -L1 expression. Each immunotherapy molecule is prescribed based on the levels of PD-L1 expression as assessed by a Food and Drug Administration-approved companion diagnostic assay. Other biomarkers that have been studied include tumor mutational burden, the T-effector signature, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, radiomic assays, inflammation index, presence or absence of immune-related adverse events and specific driver mutations, and gut as well as local microbiome. At the current time, none of these biomarkers are routinely used in the clinical decision-making process for immunotherapy in NSCLC. However, in individual cases, they can be useful adjuncts to conventional therapy. This review describes our current understanding of the role of biomarkers as predictors of response to immune checkpoint molecules. To begin with a brief on cancer immunology in general and in NSCLC, in particular, is discussed. In the end, recent advancements in laboratory techniques for refining biomarker assays are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K Mohanty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, India and CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, HR
| | - Sourav K Mishra
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, DL, India
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Urology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Department of Internal Medicine-1, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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Gao S, Tang W, Zuo B, Mulvihill L, Yu J, Yu Y. The predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for overall survival and pathological complete response in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1065606. [PMID: 36727046 PMCID: PMC9885149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1065606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have reported that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at pre-treatment was predictive for overall survival (OS) and pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer (BC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study aims to explore the predictive role of both pre- and post-NLR for OS as well as longitudinal NLR kinetics towards pCR in BC patients undergoing NAC. Methods We retrospectively included 501 BC patients who received NAC from 2009 to 2018. NLR at pre-, mid (every two cycles of NAC)-, and post-treatment were collected. Overall, 421 patients were included in the survival analysis. These patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 224) and a validation cohort (n = 197). A multivariable Cox model was built using all significant factors in the multivariable analysis from the training cohort. The performance of the model was verified in the validation cohort by the concordance index (C-index). Longitudinal analysis for pCR prediction of NLR was performed using a mixed-effects regression model among 176 patients who finished eight cycles of NAC. Results The median follow-up time was 43.2 months for 421 patients. In the training cohort, multivariable analysis revealed that ER status, clinical node stage, pCR, pre-NLR, and post-NLR (all p < 0.05) were independent predictors of OS. The OS nomogram was established based on these parameters. The C-indexes of the nomogram were 0.764 and 0.605 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. In the longitudinal analysis, patients who failed to achieve pCR experienced an augment of NLR during NAC while NLR remained stable among patients with pCR. Pre-NLR tended to be significantly associated with OS in patients of HER2 overexpressing and TNBC subtypes (all p < 0.05), but not in Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes. Conclusions This study demonstrated the prognostic value of both pre-NLR and post-NLR on clinical outcomes in BC patients receiving NAC. A novel nomogram was established to predict OS. Non-pCR patients developed increased NLRs during NAC. Routine assessment of NLR may be a simple and affordable tool to predict prognosis for BC patients receiving NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Yishan Yu,
| | - Bingli Zuo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lianne Mulvihill
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yishan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Yishan Yu,
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Shang J, Zhu X, Sun Y, Li F, Kong X, Liu JX. DM-MOGA: a multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm for identifying disease modules of non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:13. [PMID: 36624376 PMCID: PMC9830734 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constructing molecular interaction networks from microarray data and then identifying disease module biomarkers can provide insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of non-small cell lung cancer. A promising approach for identifying disease modules in the network is community detection. RESULTS In order to identify disease modules from gene co-expression networks, a community detection method is proposed based on multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm with decomposition. The method is named DM-MOGA and possesses two highlights. First, the boundary correction strategy is designed for the modules obtained in the process of local module detection and pre-simplification. Second, during the evolution, we introduce Davies-Bouldin index and clustering coefficient as fitness functions which are improved and migrated to weighted networks. In order to identify modules that are more relevant to diseases, the above strategies are designed to consider the network topology of genes and the strength of connections with other genes at the same time. Experimental results of different gene expression datasets of non-small cell lung cancer demonstrate that the core modules obtained by DM-MOGA are more effective than those obtained by several other advanced module identification methods. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method identifies disease-relevant modules by optimizing two novel fitness functions to simultaneously consider the local topology of each gene and its connection strength with other genes. The association of the identified core modules with lung cancer has been confirmed by pathway and gene ontology enrichment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Shang
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Yan Sun
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Feng Li
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826 China
| | - Jin-Xing Liu
- grid.412638.a0000 0001 0227 8151School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826 China
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20
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Mao K, Tang R, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Huang H. Prognostic markers of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNA in lung adenocarcinomas. Front Genet 2023; 14:1118273. [PMID: 36923797 PMCID: PMC10009162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1118273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently established type of iron-dependent programmed cell death. Growing studies have focused on the function of ferroptosis in cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the factors involved in the regulation of ferroptosis-related genes are not fully understood. In this study, we collected data from lung adenocarcinoma datasets of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LUAD). The expression profiles of 60 ferroptosis-related genes were screened, and two differentially expressed ferroptosis subtypes were identified. We found the two ferroptosis subtypes can predict clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in LUAD patients. Furthermore, key long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were screened by single factor Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) based on which co-expressed with the 60 ferroptosis-related genes. We then established a risk score model which included 13 LUAD ferroptosis-related lncRNAs with a multi-factor Cox regression. The risk score model showed a good performance in evaluating the outcome of LUAD. What's more, we divided TCGA-LUAD tumor samples into two groups with high- and low-risk scores and further explored the differences in clinical characteristics, tumor mutation burden, and tumor immune cell infiltration among different LUAD tumor risk score groups and evaluate the predictive ability of risk score for immunotherapy benefit. Our findings provide good support for immunotherapy in LUAD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ri Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dhawan A, Pifer PM, Sandulache VC, Skinner HD. Metabolic targeting, immunotherapy and radiation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Where do we go from here? Front Oncol 2022; 12:1016217. [PMID: 36591457 PMCID: PMC9794617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1016217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the US, there are ~250,000 new lung cancer diagnoses and ~130,000 deaths per year, and worldwide there are an estimated 1.6 million deaths per year from this deadly disease. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and it accounts for roughly a quarter of all cancer deaths in the US. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80-85% of these cases. Due to an enormous tobacco cessation effort, NSCLC rates in the US are decreasing, and the implementation of lung cancer screening guidelines and other programs have resulted in a higher percentage of patients presenting with potentially curable locoregional disease, instead of distant disease. Exciting developments in molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy have resulted in dramatic improvement in patients' survival, in combination with new surgical, pathological, radiographical, and radiation techniques. Concurrent platinum-based doublet chemoradiation therapy followed by immunotherapy has set the benchmark for survival in these patients. However, despite these advances, ~50% of patients diagnosed with locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) survive long-term. In patients with local and/or locoregional disease, chemoradiation is a critical component of curative therapy. However, there remains a significant clinical gap in improving the efficacy of this combined therapy, and the development of non-overlapping treatment approaches to improve treatment outcomes is needed. One potential promising avenue of research is targeting cancer metabolism. In this review, we will initially provide a brief general overview of tumor metabolism as it relates to therapeutic targeting. We will then focus on the intersection of metabolism on both oxidative stress and anti-tumor immunity. This will be followed by discussion of both tumor- and patient-specific opportunities for metabolic targeting in NSCLC. We will then conclude with a discussion of additional agents currently in development that may be advantageous to combine with chemo-immuno-radiation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dhawan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Phillip M. Pifer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vlad C. Sandulache
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heath D. Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Heath D. Skinner,
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Pu X, Wang Q, Liu L, Chen B, Li K, Zhou Y, Sheng Z, Liu P, Tang Y, Xu L, Li J, Kong Y, Xu F, Xu Y, Wu L. Rh‐endostatin plus camrelizumab and chemotherapy in first‐line treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective study. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7724-7733. [PMID: 36494905 PMCID: PMC10134295 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evidence of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic drugs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was limited. Recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin), an antiangiogenic drug, and camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, have been approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC in China. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of rh-endostatin plus camrelizumab and chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. METHODS Eligible patients were enrolled and received camrelizumab (200 mg, day 1) every 3 weeks and continuous intravenous infusion of rh-endostatin (70 mg/day, days 1-3) and cisplatin combined with pemetrexed (for adenocarcinoma) or paclitaxel (for NSCLC other than adenocarcinoma) every 3 weeks. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles. RESULTS Overall, 27 patients were included, and 25 patients were eligible for efficacy evaluation. For these 25 patients, ORR was 48.15% (13/27) and DCR was 85.19% (23/27). With a median follow-up of 10.37 months, the median PFS was 8.9 (95% CI: 4.23-13.57) months. Median OS was not reached. Overall, 96.3% of patients experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event, and grade 3 TRAEs occurred in 9 (33.3%) patients. No unexpected AEs were observed. CONCLUSION Rh-endostatin plus camrelizumab and chemotherapy showed favorable efficacy and safety profile in patients with advanced NSCLC, representing a promising treatment regimen for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxiang Pu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - QianZhi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zengmei Sheng
- Department of Oncology The Third Hospital of Changsha Changsha China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Respiratory The First Hospital of Changsha Changsha China
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Department of Oncology Hengyang Central Hospital/the affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Southern Medical University Hengyang China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
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Krpina K, Mavrinac M, Samarzija M, Tolic E, Darapi D, Baticic L. Significance of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index for Assessment of the Reliability of the Clinical Treatment Outcome for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Patients with COVID-19 Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226695. [PMID: 36431171 PMCID: PMC9695563 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most diagnosed malignancies with increasing incidence worldwide. Immunotherapy is the main oncological treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for which the discovery of new efficient biomarkers is crucial. Scientific evidence points to the importance of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), but its predictive significance is unclear. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and predictive role of LIPI in patients with advanced NSCLC and PD-L1 mutation who are eligible for immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first time that the association between COVID-19 infection and the course and outcome of oncologic treatment of NSCLC has been investigated. Patients and Methods: Patients were divided into four study groups according to strictly defined clinical parameters, therapeutic approach, and COVID-19 infection. LIPI was determined and its predictive power was evaluated in all studied groups, as well as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR). Results: This study confirmed the understudied and uncertain predictive power and clinical relevance of LIPI as a biomarker in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients infected with COVID-19 had a higher survival rate than uninfected patients despite the therapeutic approach, which may be attributed to their hospitalization and intensive medical management during the pandemic. Conclusions: Findings obtained in this study may help to determine treatment options according to the clinical condition of the patient by using LIPI values as a non-invasive, readily available and economically acceptable predictive biomarker in lung oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Krpina
- Clinic for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Mavrinac
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Samarzija
- Clinic for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Tolic
- Clinic for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dora Darapi
- Clinic for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Baticic
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-51651271
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Camard M, Besse B, Cariou PL, Massayke S, Laparra A, Noel N, Michot JM, Ammari S, Pavec JL, Lambotte O. Prevalence and outcome of steroid-resistant/refractory pneumonitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Respir Med Res 2022; 82:100969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Role of the Immune System in Renal Transplantation, Types of Response, Technical Approaches and Current Challenges. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances over the last decades have made renal transplantation an important therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease, as the incidences of acute rejection and short-term transplant loss have been significantly reduced. However, long-term transplant survival remains a challenge in the renal transplantation community. The main causes of long-term graft loss are acute and chronic rejection, as well as the complications related to immunosuppression therapy. In spite of the breakthroughs achieved in recent years, histology is the gold standard technique to confirm the activation of the immune system against the graft with all the ensuing problems that taking biopsies brings to immunosuppressed patients. For this reason, several assays have been developed to try to monitor the immune function, but they show serious constraints owing to the fact that they require substantial laboratory work, they are not clinically available and they provide controversial results, so the combination of multiple assays is often needed to obtain a reliable diagnosis. Thus, the aim of this review is to perform a retrospective study of the immune system in renal transplantation, with special emphasis on the cutting-edge technological developments for monitoring, classification and early detection of rejection episodes in order to contribute to a better adjustment of immunosuppressive therapies and, hence, to a more personalized medicine that improves the quality of life of patients.
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Pyroptosis: a novel signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in gliomas. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1976-1992. [PMID: 36129672 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and are highly malignant with a poor prognosis. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, promotes the inflammatory cell death of cancer. Studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis can promote the inflammatory cell death (ICD) of cancer, thus affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, genes that control pyroptosis could be a promising candidate bio-indicator in tumor therapy. The function of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in gliomas was investigated based on the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (Rembrandt) databases. In this study, using the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering method, 26 PRGs from the RNA sequencing data were divided into two subgroups. The LASSO and Cox regression was used to develop a 4-gene (BAX, Caspase-4, Caspase-8, PLCG1) risk signature, and all glioma patients in the CGGA, TCGA and Rembrandt cohorts were divided into low- and high-risk groups. The results demonstrate that the gene risk signature related to clinical features can be used as an independent prognostic indicator in glioma patients. Moreover, the high-risk subtype had rich immune infiltration and high expression of immune checkpoint genes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The analysis of the Submap algorithm shows that patients in the high-risk group could benefit more from anti-PD1 treatment. The risk characteristics associated with pyroptosis proposed in this study play an essential role in TIME and can potentially predict the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response of glioma patients.
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Cao L, Cao Z, Liu H, Liang N, Bing Z, Tian C, Li S. Detection of Potential Mutated Genes Associated with Common Immunotherapy Biomarkers in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5715-5730. [PMID: 36005189 PMCID: PMC9406727 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI), high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression are hot biomarkers related to the improvement of immunotherapy response. Two cohorts of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were collected and sequenced via targeted next-generation sequencing. Drug analysis was then performed on the shared genes using three different databases: Drugbank, DEPO and DRUGSURV. A total of 27 common genes were mutated in at least two groups of TMB-H-, MSI- and PD-L1-positive groups. AKT1, SMAD4, SCRIB and AXIN2 were severally involved in PI3K-activated, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-activated, Hippo-repressed and Wnt-repressed pathways. This study provides an understanding of the mutated genes related to the immunotherapy biomarkers of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhili Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhongxing Bing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Caijuan Tian
- Tianjin Marvel Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-010-6915-2630
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Xu W, Tang HJ, Anwaier A, Liu W, Tian X, Su J, Wei S, Qu Y, Zhang H, Ye D. Immunogenomic Characteristics of Cell-Death-Associated Genes with Prognostic Implications in Bladder Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909324. [PMID: 35898507 PMCID: PMC9309377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary malignant cancers worldwide. Cell death processes, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis, provide novel clinical and immunological insights promoting the management of precision medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the transcriptomic profile of signatures in cell death pathways with significant prognostic implications in patients with bladder cancer from multiple independent cohorts (n = 1999). First, genes involved in apoptosis (n = 19), ferroptosis (n = 31), and necrosis (n = 6) were analyzed to evaluate the prognostic implications in bladder cancer. Significant genes were included to establish the cell-death index (CDI) of 36 genes that distinguished patients according to high and low risks. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier curves clustered patients based on overall survival (18.8 vs. 96.7 months; hazard model [HR] = 3.12, P<00001). Cox proportional hazard model was significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality using 10 external independent cohorts in patients with CDIhigh (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.62). To explore immune parameters associated with CDI, microenvironment cell-population-counter algorithms indicated increased intratumoral heterogeneity and macrophage/monocyte infiltration and CD8+ T cells in patients with CDIhigh group. Besides, the CDIhigh group showed an increased expression of the following immune checkpoints: CD276, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and T-cell exhaustion signatures. Cytokine expression analysis revealed the highest association of IL-9R, IL-17A, IL-17F, GDF7, and IFNW1 with the high-risk group. In addition, 42 patients with BCa receiving immunotherapies were enrolled from a real-world cohort, and expression patterns of three CDI hub genes (DRD5, SCL2A14, and IGF1) were detected using immunohistochemical staining. Patients with triple-negative staining of tumor tissues had significantly higher tumor-associated macrophage abundance, PD-L1 expression, predicted immunocompromised microenvironment, and prominently progressive progression (HR = 4.316, P = 0.0028). In conclusion, this study highlights the immunoevasive tumor microenvironment characterized by the higher tumor-associated macrophage infiltration with the presence of immune checkpoint and T-cell exhaustion genes in patients with BCa at CDIhigh risk who might suffer progression and be more suitable to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors or other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Jia Tang
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihetaimujiang Anwaier
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyin Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- *Correspondence: Dingwei Ye, ; Hailiang Zhang, ; Yuanyuan Qu, ; Shiyin Wei,
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dingwei Ye, ; Hailiang Zhang, ; Yuanyuan Qu, ; Shiyin Wei,
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dingwei Ye, ; Hailiang Zhang, ; Yuanyuan Qu, ; Shiyin Wei,
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dingwei Ye, ; Hailiang Zhang, ; Yuanyuan Qu, ; Shiyin Wei,
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Arienti C, Dominici M, Stella F, Martinelli G, Fabbri F. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Their Interplay with Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs): A New World of Targets and Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102408. [PMID: 35626011 PMCID: PMC9139858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The world of small molecules in solid tumors as cancer stem cells (CSCs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) continues to be under-debated, but not of minor interest in recent decades. One of the main problems in regard to cancer is the development of tumor recurrence, even in the early stages, in addition to drug resistance and, consequently, ineffective or an incomplete response against the tumor. The findings behind this resistance are probably justified by the presence of small molecules such as CSCs, CTCs and CAFs connected with the tumor microenvironment, which may influence the aggressiveness and the metastatic process. The mechanisms, connections, and molecular pathways behind them are still unknown. Our review would like to represent an important step forward to highlight the roles of these molecules and the possible connections among them. Abstract The importance of defining new molecules to fight cancer is of significant interest to the scientific community. In particular, it has been shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity; on the other side, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) seem to split away from the primary tumor and appear in the circulatory system as singular units or clusters. It is becoming more and more important to discover new biomarkers related to these populations of cells in combination to define the network among them and the tumor microenvironment. In particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment with different functions, including matrix deposition and remodeling, extensive reciprocal signaling interactions with cancer cells and crosstalk with immunity. The settings of new markers and the definition of the molecular connections may present new avenues, not only for fighting cancer but also for the definition of more tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41122 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.A.); (G.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41122 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Franco Stella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.A.); (G.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.A.); (G.M.); (F.F.)
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Yan J, Zhu J, Zhu X, Liu H, Chen G. Circ_0092012 knockdown restrains non-small cell lung cancer progression by inhibiting cell malignant phenotype and immune escape through microRNA-635/programmed death ligand 1 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13929-13943. [PMID: 35723188 PMCID: PMC9276036 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2080386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs have been reported to play roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. Herein, this work aimed to investigate the potential value of circ_0092012 in NSCLC progression. Levels of genes and proteins were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The growth, malignant phenotypes and immune escape in NSCLC were investigated. The binding between microRNA (miR)-635 and circ_0092012 or programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) was verified. Circ_0092012 was highly expressed in NSCLC. Circ_0092012 deficiency suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and migration, moreover, as well as was able to inhibit the apoptosis of CD8 + T cells and induce higher interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α levels when co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mechanistically, circ_0092012 sponged miR-635, which targeted PDL1. Further rescue experiments suggested that the anticancer effects of circ_0092012 knockdown were reversed by miR-635 inhibition. Additionally, miR-635 re-expression suppressed NSCLC cell malignant phenotypes mentioned above and immune escape, which were attenuated by PDL1 overexpression. Moreover, circ_0092012 deletion retarded NSCLC growth in vivo. In all, circ_0092012 knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell oncogenic phenotypes and immune escape by miR-635/PDL1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Nowroozi A, Khalili N, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for lung cancer and its future paradigms. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:735-745. [PMID: 35477305 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2072206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths contributing to this cancer in 2020. Despite advances in treatment options and various approaches being attempted, the survival rate remains low. AREAS COVERED In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy for lung cancer based on existing clinical trials. We also discuss the current challenges and future landscape of this treatment modality. EXPERT OPINION Lung cancer can be a suitable candidate for TIL therapy due to its high mutational burden. Specifically, it has shown promising results for non-small cell lung cancer resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Still, there are many restrictions associated with the ex vivo expansion and delivery of TILs, limiting their availability. For this reason, applying TIL for the treatment of lung cancer has not been extensively investigated yet and only a few clinical trials have shown favorable results of TIL therapy in patients with lung cancer. Thus, facilitating this costly, labor-intensive and time-consuming process is of utmost importance to increase the number of performed studies and to detect eligible patients who could benefit most from this treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nowroozi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khalili
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
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Comprehensive Characterization of Human Lung Large Cell Carcinoma Identifies Transcriptomic Signatures with Potential Implications in Response to Immunotherapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061500. [PMID: 35329826 PMCID: PMC8953709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent histology. While immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown outstanding results in NSCLC, the precise identification of responders remains a major challenge. Most studies attempting to overcome this handicap have focused on adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas. Among NSCLC subtypes, the molecular and immune characteristics of lung large cell carcinoma (LCC), which represents 10% of NSCLC cases, are not well defined. We hypothesized that specific molecular aberrations may impact the immune microenvironment in LCC and, consequently, the response to immunotherapy. To that end, it is particularly relevant to thoroughly describe the molecular genotype-immunophenotype association in LCC-to identify robust predictive biomarkers and improve potential benefits from immunotherapy. We established a cohort of 18 early-stage, clinically annotated, LCC cases. Their molecular and immune features were comprehensively characterized by genomic and immune-targeted sequencing panels along with immunohistochemistry of immune cell populations. Unbiased clustering defined two novel subgroups of LCC. Pro-immunogenic tumors accumulated certain molecular alterations, showed higher immune infiltration and upregulated genes involved in potentiating immune responses when compared to pro-tumorigenic samples, which favored tumoral progression. This classification identified a set of biomarkers that could potentially predict response to immunotherapy. These results could improve patient selection and expand potential benefits from immunotherapy.
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CWHM-1008 Induces Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy through the Akt/mTOR Axis in LUAD Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2021:5548128. [PMID: 35096055 PMCID: PMC8799368 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that antiparasitic agents showed promising inhibitory effects on tumors, raising a possibility that repositioning this class of drugs may shed new light on clinical therapy against tumors. CWHM-1008 is a novel class of antimalarial drug; however, the inhibitory impact of CWHM-1008 on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the anticancer effect and underlying mechanisms of CWHM-1008 on LUAD cells in vitro and in vivo. Human LUAD cells, H358 and A549, were treated with varying concentrations of CWHM-1008 at different lengths of time. Cell viability, colony formation, cell count, flow cytometry findings, microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-green- (LC3-) GFP/RFP adenovirus infection status, and the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were examined. Potential effects of an autophagy inhibitor (LY294002) and constitutively active Akt plasmid (CA-Akt) on CWHM-1008-induced apoptosis were also examined. Our results showed that CWHM-1008 significantly inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy flux by blocking the RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase/the mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) axis in two LUAD cells. In addition, autophagy inhibited by LY294002 or CA-Akt transfection accelerated CWHM-1008-induced apoptosis in those LUAD cells. Moreover, CWHM-1008 significantly inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of A549 cell in nude mice in vivo. The present findings provide new insights into anticancer properties of CWHM-1008, suggesting that it may be an adjuvant treatment for LUAD treatment, warranting further study.
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Yin Z, Zhou M, Liao T, Xu J, Fan J, Deng J, Jin Y. Immune-Related lncRNA Pairs as Prognostic Signature and Immune-Landscape Predictor in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:673567. [PMID: 35083132 PMCID: PMC8784752 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressive tumor microenvironment is closely related to the progression and poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Novel individual and universal immune-related biomarkers to predict the prognosis and immune landscape of LUAD patients are urgently needed. Two-gene pairing patterns could integrate and utilize various gene expression data. METHODS The RNA-seq and relevant clinicopathological data of the LUAD project from the TCGA and well-known immune-related genes list from the ImmPort database were obtained. Co-expression analysis followed by an analysis of variance was performed to identify differentially expressed immune-related lncRNA (irlncRNA) (DEirlncRNA) between tumor and normal tissues. Two arbitrary DEirlncRNAs (DEirlncRNAs pair) in a tumor sample underwent pairwise comparison to generate a score (0 or 1). Next, Univariate analysis, Lasso regression and Multivariate analysis were used to screen survival-related DEirlncRNAs pairs and construct a prognostic model. The Acak information standard (AIC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for 3 years are calculated to determine the cut-off point for high- or low-risk score. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between the risk score and overall survival, clinicopathological features, immune landscape, and chemotherapy efficacy. RESULTS Data of 54 normal and 497 tumor samples of LUAD were enrolled. After a strict screening process, 15 survival-independent-related DEirlncRNA pairs were integrated to construct a prognostic model. The AUC value of the 3-year ROC curve was 0.828. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with low risk lived longer than patients with high risk (p <0.001). Univariate and Multivariate Cox analysis suggested that the risk score was an independent factor of survival. The risk score was negatively associated with most tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune score, and microenvironment scores. The low-risk group was correlated with increased expression of ICOS. The high-risk group had a connection with lower half inhibitory centration (IC50) of most chemotherapy drugs (e.g., etoposide, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, and docetaxel) and targeted medicine-erlotinib, but with higher IC50 of methotrexate. CONCLUSION The established irlncRNA pairs-based model is a promising prognostic signature for LUAD patients. Furthermore, the prognostic signature has great potential in the evaluation of tumor immune landscape and guiding individualized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wu L, Li D, Qin L, Wang Q, Saito Y, Sara R, Fan J. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor deficiency promotes lung cancer growth by affecting the Th17/Treg balance. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1696. [PMID: 34988205 PMCID: PMC8667136 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T cells plays a prominent role in eliminating cancer cells. The balance between T helper (Th)17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for optimal immune response and protection against cancer. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), a member of the G protein-coupled protein receptor superfamily, plays a critical role in immune cell function. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of GHSR1a in CD4+ T cell differentiation and lung cancer progression. Methods A subcutaneous lung cancer model was used to examine the role of GHSR1a in controlling tumor growth. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were subcutaneously implanted into Ghsr1a−/− mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The ratio of Th17 and Treg in the draining lymph node of Ghsr1a−/− mice and WT tumor-bearing mice was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The effect of GHSR1a deficiency on Th17 and Treg cell differentiation was examined using an in vitro differentiation assay. The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer, and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5 signaling was detected with Western blot. Results We found that the ablation of GHSR1a resulted in impaired anti-tumor immunity to control lung cancer growth in vivo. We also demonstrated that the deficiency of GHSR1a promoted a shift in the Th17/Treg balance toward enhanced Treg differentiation and inhibited Th17 differentiation both in vivo and in vitro, which suggests that GHSR1a regulates T cell lineage choices between Th17 and Treg cell commitment in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, the deficiency of GHSR1a resulted in reduced phosphorylation in mTOR and STAT3, and increased phosphorylation in STAT5. Conclusions Our findings showed the important role of GHSR1a in CD4+ T cell differentiation in the context of the lung cancer microenvironment. This research provides a novel molecular target and insights into interventions for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricciardi Sara
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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DOK5 as a Prognostic Biomarker of Gastric Cancer Immunoinvasion: A Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9914778. [PMID: 35036444 PMCID: PMC8754673 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9914778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Docking protein 5 (DOK5) is a member of the docking protein group of membrane proteins and is an adapter protein involved in signal transduction. Nevertheless, the role of DOK5 expression in the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Methods In this study, clinical prognostic parameters and survival data related to DOK5, in patients with GC, were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis comprising Oncomine and TIMER, UALCAN database, Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEPIA, GSEA, DAVID, and cBioPortal websites. Results In our study, GC contained various DOK5 expressions, which forecasted poor survival outcomes. Moreover, our research showed that high DOK5 could predict high-level infiltration of several GC immune cells, as evidenced by M1, TAM, M2, B cell, and T cell failure. Hence, DOK5 might become a new gastric cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. In the following analysis, in order to explore the prognostic value of DOK5 in GC, more clinical trials are needed to validate our results. Conclusions Through multiple database verifications, DOK5 was found to be part of the pathogenic genes for GC. Thus, it can change the formation and progression of tumors by acting on human immunity.
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Nazarian A, Arbeev KG, Yashkin AP, Kulminski AM. Genome-wide analysis of genetic predisposition to common polygenic cancers. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:315-325. [PMID: 34981446 PMCID: PMC8983541 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers are among the most common and fatal malignancies worldwide. They are mainly caused by multifactorial mechanisms and are genetically heterogeneous. We investigated the genetic architecture of these cancers through genome-wide association, pathway-based, and summary-based transcriptome-/methylome-wide association analyses using three independent cohorts. Our genome-wide association analyses identified the associations of 33 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at P < 5E - 06, of which 32 SNPs were not previously reported and did not have proxy variants within their ± 1 Mb flanking regions. Moreover, other polymorphisms mapped to their closest genes were not previously associated with the same cancers at P < 5E - 06. Our pathway enrichment analyses revealed associations of 32 pathways; mainly related to the immune system, DNA replication/transcription, and chromosomal organization; with the studied cancers. Also, 60 probes were associated with these cancers in our transcriptome-wide and methylome-wide analyses. The ± 1 Mb flanking regions of most probes had not attained P < 5E - 06 in genome-wide association studies. The genes corresponding to the significant probes can be considered as potential targets for further functional studies. Two genes (i.e., CDC14A and PMEL) demonstrated stronger evidence of associations with lung cancer as they had significant probes in both transcriptome-wide and methylome-wide association analyses. The novel cancer-associated SNPs and genes identified here would advance our understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of the common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nazarian
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St., Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - Konstantin G Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St., Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Arseniy P Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St., Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Erwin Mill Building, 2024 W. Main St., Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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Oezkan F, Eisenmann S, Darwiche K, Gassa A, Carbone DP, Merritt RE, Kneuertz PJ. Linear Endobronchial Ultrasound in the Era of Personalized Lung Cancer Diagnostics-A Technical Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235646. [PMID: 34884348 PMCID: PMC8658311 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advances in molecular profiling for available targeted treatments and immunotherapy for lung cancer have significantly increased the complexity of tissue-based diagnostics. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirations (EBUS-TBNA) are commonly performed for diagnostic biopsies and lymph node staging. EBUS-TBNA has increasingly become one of the main sources of tumor cells for molecular analyses. As a result, there is a growing need for high quality EBUS-TBNA samples with adequate cellularity. This has increased the technical demands of the procedure and has created additional challenges, many of which are not addressed in the current EBUS guidelines. This review provides an overview of current evidence on the technical aspects of EBUS-TBNA in light of comprehensive sample processing for personalized lung cancer management. These include sonographic lymph node characterization, optimal needle choice, suction biopsy technique, and the role of rapid on-site evaluation. Attention to these technical details will be important to maximize the throughput of EBUS-TBNA biopsies for molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Oezkan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Section of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany;
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of University Heidelberg, University Medicine Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, A420 Research Group, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephan Eisenmann
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Martin Luther University, 06108 Halle, Germany;
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Section of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45239 Essen, Germany;
| | - Asmae Gassa
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - David P. Carbone
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Robert E. Merritt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.E.M.); (P.J.K.)
| | - Peter J. Kneuertz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.E.M.); (P.J.K.)
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Li Y, Wang C, Peng M. Aging Immune System and Its Correlation With Liability to Severe Lung Complications. Front Public Health 2021; 9:735151. [PMID: 34888279 PMCID: PMC8650611 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.735151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered to be a decline in physical and physiological events that extensively affect the body's immunity, and is linked with deterioration in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune system exhibits profound age-associated variations, known as immunosenescence, comprising a significantly low production of B and T lymphocytes in bone marrow and thymus, a decreased function of mature lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues, a decrease in the synthesis of fresh naïve T cells, and reduced activation of T cells. Elderly individuals face a greater risk for many diseases particularly respiratory diseases due to their poor response to immune challenges as vigorously as the young. The current review explored the aging immune system, highlight the mortality rates of severe lung complications, such as pneumonia, COVID-19, asthma, COPD, lung cancer, IPF, and acute lung injury, and their correlation with aging immunity. This study can be helpful in better understanding the pathophysiology of aging, immune responses, and developing new approaches to improve the average age of the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meilian Peng
- Department of Maternity, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Zhou H, Bian T, Qian L, Zhao C, Zhang W, Zheng M, Zhou H, Liu L, Sun H, Li X, Zhang J, Liu Y. Prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma constructed by the CENPA complex genes is closely related to immune infiltration. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153680. [PMID: 34798483 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still one of the primary malignant diseases leading to higher mortality worldwide. It has been previously reported that multiple genes in the CENPA-nucleosome associated complex (NAC) complex in lung cancer can be used as prognostic markers; however, there is lack of comprehensive research on the CENPA-NAC complex. METHODS The hub genes of lung cancer were obtained by analyzing multiple gene expression omnibus (GEO) lung cancer datasets. The key genes of the CENPA-NAC complex in the evolution of LUAD were identified according to lung cancer data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the key genes were constructed as a survival prognostic model. The relationship between the model and immune cell infiltration was studied by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) studies.Droplet Digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was used to verify the effectiveness of the prognostic model to predict survival using clinical samples. RESULTS A comprehensive study showed that CENPA, CENPH, CENPM, CENPN and CENPU were key genes in the development and evolution of LUAD. The constructed survival prognosis model was an independent risk factor for LUAD and can be used to assess the survival of LUAD patients. The risk score was closely related to the infiltration of multiple immune cells. The independent cohorts GSE31210 and GSE50081 further confirmed the validity of the prognostic model, and finally, the model was validated with clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that CENPA, CENPH, CENPM, CENPN, and CENPU are a group of potential prognostic markers in LUAD. The constructed model has been confirmed to be applicable in the clinical setting in evaluating the survival of patients with LUAD, and providing more evidence on immunotherapy for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiju Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaosen Zheng
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Chung H, Jung H, Noh JY. Emerging Approaches for Solid Tumor Treatment Using CAR-T Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212126. [PMID: 34830003 PMCID: PMC8621681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is becoming more important in the clinical setting, especially for cancers resistant to conventional chemotherapy, including targeted therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, which uses patient’s autologous T cells, combined with engineered T cell receptors, has shown remarkable results, with five US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals to date. CAR-T cells have been very effective in hematologic malignancies, such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and multiple myeloma (MM); however, its effectiveness in treating solid tumors has not been evaluated clearly. Therefore, many studies and clinical investigations are emerging to improve the CAR-T cell efficacy in solid tumors. The novel therapeutic approaches include modifying CARs in multiple ways or developing a combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapies. In this review, we focus on the challenges and recent advancements in CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Chung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (J.-Y.N.)
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (J.-Y.N.)
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Olszewska P, Pazdrak B, Kruzel ML. A Novel Human Recombinant Lactoferrin Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Growth and Migration with No Cytotoxic Effect on Normal Human Epithelial Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:33. [PMID: 34748082 PMCID: PMC8575758 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the recent advances in cancer treatment, only a subset of patients responds to targeted and immune therapies, and many patients developing resistance after an initial response. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural glycoprotein with immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. We produced a novel recombinant human Lf (rhLf) that exhibits glycosylation profile compatible with the natural hLf for potential parenteral therapeutic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of this novel rhLf in human lung adenocarcinoma cells and its mechanisms of action. The results showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of A549 cancer cell growth in response to rhLf. Treatment with 1 mg/ml of rhLf for 24 h and 72 h resulted in a significant inhibition of cancer cell growth by 32% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, rhLf increased fourfold the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells compared to the control. This effect was accompanied by increased levels of caspase-3 activity and cell cycle arrest at the S phase in rhLf-treated cancer cells. Furthermore, rhLf significantly attenuated A549 cell migration. Importantly, treatment of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells with rhLf showed the cell viability and morphology comparable to the control. In contrast, chemotherapeutic etoposide induced cytotoxicity in NHBE cells and reduced the cell viability by 40%. These results demonstrate the selective anticancer effects of rhLf against lung adenocarcinoma cells without cytotoxicity on normal human cells. This study highlights a potential for clinical utility of this novel rhLf in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Olszewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pazdrak
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Histological regression in melanoma: impact on sentinel lymph node status and survival. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1999-2008. [PMID: 34247192 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Regression in melanoma is an immunological phenomenon that results in partial or complete replacement of the tumor with variably vascular fibrous tissue, often accompanied by pigment-laden macrophages and chronic inflammation. In some cases, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may represent the earliest phase of this process. The prognostic significance of regression has long been a matter of debate, with inconsistent findings reported in the literature to date. This study sought to determine whether regression in primary cutaneous melanomas predicted sentinel lymph node (SLN) status and survival outcomes in a large cohort of patients managed at a single centre. Clinical and pathological parameters for 8,693 consecutive cases were retrieved. Associations between regression and SLN status, overall survival (OS), melanoma-specific survival (MSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were investigated using logistic and Cox regression. Histological evidence of regression was present in 1958 cases (22.5%). Regression was significantly associated with lower Breslow thickness, lower mitotic rate, and absence of ulceration (p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that regression in combination with TILs independently predicted a negative SLN biopsy (OR 0.33; 95% C.I. 0.20-0.52; p < 0.0001). Patients whose tumors showed both regression and TILs had the highest 10-year OS (65%, 95% C.I. 59-71%), MSS (85%, 95% C.I. 81-89%), and RFS (60%, 95% C.I. 54-66%). On multivariable analyses, the concurrent presence of regression and TILs independently predicted the lowest risk of death from melanoma (HR 0.69; 95% C.I. 0.51-0.94; p = 0.0003) as well as the lowest rate of disease recurrence (HR 0.71; 95% C.I. 0.58-0.85; p < 0.0001). However, in contrast, in the subgroup analysis of Stage III patients, the presence of regression predicted the lowest OS and RFS, with MSS showing a similar trend. Overall, these findings indicate a prognostically favorable role of regression in primary cutaneous melanoma. However, in Stage III melanoma patients, regression may be a marker of more aggressive disease.
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Quantification of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction between Membranes from PBMCs and Melanoma Samples Using Cell Membrane Microarray and Time-Resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a carcinoma known to evade the host immune defenses via the downregulation of the immune response. One of the molecules involved in this mechanism is programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which interacts with its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), expressed on T cells, leading to a reduction in cytokine release and cytotoxic activity, as well as a halt in T-cell proliferation. The approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, target the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and are revolutionizing cancer treatments. We developed an assay that provides a quantitative readout of PD-1/PD-L1 interactive states between cell membranes of human immune cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs) and PD-L1-expressing samples. For this purpose, cell membrane microarrays (CMMAs) were developed from membranes isolated from a HT144 cell line and melanoma samples, and PD-L1 expression was quantified using immunofluorescence (IF). CMMAs were incubated with cell membranes of PBMCs expressing PD-1, and the interaction with PD-L1 was quantified by time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer, in the presence and absence of pembrolizumab as a blocking drug. The developed assay was able to quantify the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and this engagement was disrupted in the presence of the blocking antibody. This demonstrates the potential of the method to analyze monoclonal antibody drugs, as well as the functional states of immune checkpoint regulators. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence to support the future implementation of this methodology for both drug discovery and immune system monitoring in cancer, transplantation, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Cai Y, Hao Y, Xu H, Chen K, Ren B. Gigantol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating DEK in non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1317. [PMID: 34630671 PMCID: PMC8495587 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common type of cancer, with a mortality of >80% worldwide. Gigantol is a bibenzyl compound that displays anticancer activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the biological activity of gigantol in NSCLC and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of its action. The expression of DEK proto-oncogene (DEK) was measured in NSCLC tissues and cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results suggested that DEK levels were significantly increased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues and BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells, respectively. A549 cells were exposed to a series of gigantol concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 µM) and transfected with DEK small interfering RNA. The results of cell viability measured by MTT assay indicated that gigantol significantly decreased cell viability. Additionally, cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. In comparison with the control group, gigantol treatment inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, whereas DEK knockdown increased gigantol-induced suppression of proliferation and acceleration of apoptosis. Additionally, DEK overexpression reversed gigantol-induced effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, compared with the control group, gigantol treatment decreased Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression levels, increased Bax expression levels and inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as assessed by RT-qPCR and/or western blot. DEK knockdown further increased gigantol-induced effects, but DEK overexpression reversed gigantol-induced effects. To conclude, the results of the present study suggested that gigantol inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by decreasing Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression, increasing Bax expression and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating DEK. The present study indicated the therapeutic potential of gigantol in patients with NSCLC. In addition, DEK may serve as a novel therapeutic target to enhance the effects of gigantol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Baoji Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Center Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Baozhong Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721001, P.R. China
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Wu YJ, Nai AT, He GC, Xiao F, Li ZM, Tang SY, Liu YP, Ai XH. DPYSL2 as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker linked to immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:274. [PMID: 34517904 PMCID: PMC8439091 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dihydropyrimidinase like 2 (DPYSL2) has been linked to tumor metastasis. However, the function of DPSY2L in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is yet to be explored. Methods Herein, we assessed DPYSL2 expression in various tumor types via online databases such as Oncomine and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Further, we verified the low protein and mRNA expressions of DPYSL2 in LUAD via the ULCAN, The TCGA and GEPIA databases. We applied the ROC curve to examine the role of DPYSL2 in diagnosis. The prognostic significance of DPYSL2 was established through the Kaplan–Meier plotter and the Cox analyses (univariate and multivariate). TIMER was used to explore DPYSL2 expression and its connection to immune infiltrated cells. Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, the possible mechanism of DPYSL2 in LUAD was investigated. Results In this study, database analysis revealed lower DPYSL2 expression in LUAD than in normal tissues. The ROC curve suggested that expression of DPYSL2 had high diagnostic efficiency in LUAD. The DPYSL2 expression had an association with the survival time of LUAD patients in the Kaplan–Meier plotter and the Cox analyses. The results from TIMER depicted a markedly positive correlation of DPYSL2 expression with immune cells infiltrated in LUAD, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils. Additionally, many gene markers for the immune system had similar positive correlations in the TIMER analysis. In Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, six immune-related signaling pathways were associated with DPYSL2. Conclusions In summary, DPYSL2 is a novel biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic potential for LUAD as well as an immunotherapy target. Highlights Expression of DPYSL2 was considerably lower in LUAD than in normal tissues. Investigation of multiple databases showed a high diagnostic value of DPYSL2 in LUAD. DPYSL2 can independently predict the LUAD outcomes. Immune-related mechanisms may be potential ways for DPYSL2 to play a role in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jie Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ai-Tao Nai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gui-Cheng He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - San-Yuan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Ai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Tsai JC, Saad OA, Magesh S, Xu J, Lee AC, Li WT, Chakladar J, Fuster MM, Chang EY, Wang-Rodriguez J, Ongkeko WM. Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164225. [PMID: 34439379 PMCID: PMC8391195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is well established that tobacco smoke is the key player in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) pathogenesis, and there is growing evidence that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor may also cause LUSC. Recently, several studies have associated tobacco smoke with differential enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression. However, the effects of tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor on eRNA expression in correlation to LUSC outcomes have not been fully elucidated. This study demonstrates that tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor may decrease DNA methylation and increase chromosomal alterations at key sites, which ultimately upregulate the expression of oncogenic eRNAs and downregulate the expression of tumor-suppressing eRNAs. Subsequently, we demonstrate that these eRNAs may have altered interactions with immune cells to promote LUSC pathogenesis and reduced patient survival. We hope our results can be validated in future studies, and the key eRNAs we identified may be used as effective targets for more specialized treatments for smoking-mediated LUSC. Abstract Tobacco is the primary etiologic agent in worsened lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) outcomes. Meanwhile, it has been shown that etiologic agents alter enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) expression. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of tobacco and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on eRNA expression in relation to LUSC outcomes. We extracted eRNA counts from RNA-sequencing data of tumor/adjacent normal tissue and before/after e-cigarette tissue from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. Tobacco-mediated LUSC eRNAs were correlated to patient survival, clinical variables, and immune-associated elements. eRNA expression was also correlated to mutation rates through the Repeated Evaluation of Variables Conditional Entropy and Redundance (REVEALER) algorithm and methylated sites through methylationArrayAnalysis. Differential expression analysis was then completed for the e-cigarette data to compare with key tobacco-mediated eRNAs. We identified 684 downregulated eRNAs and 819 upregulated eRNAs associated with tobacco-mediated LUSC, specifically, with the cancer pathological stage. We also observed a decrease in immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. Yet, we found an increased association of eRNA expression with immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. We identified 16 key eRNAs with significant correlations to 8 clinical variables, implicating these eRNAs in LUSC malignancy. Furthermore, we observed that these 16 eRNAs were highly associated with chromosomal alterations and reduced CpG site methylation. Finally, we observed large eRNA expression upregulation with e-cigarette use, which corresponded to the upregulation of the 16 key eRNAs. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which tobacco and e-cigarette smoke influences eRNA interactions to promote LUSC pathogenesis and provide insight regarding disease progression at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Omar A. Saad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Shruti Magesh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Abby C. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jaideep Chakladar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Mark M. Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Pathology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(858)-552-8585-X-7165
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Kalantar H, Rashidi M, Kalantar M, Tavallaei M, Hosseini SM. Anticancer Effects of Valproic Acid via Regulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer A549 Cell Line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:133-140. [PMID: 34400947 PMCID: PMC8170755 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.111945.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are the most important factors contributing to both the development and metastasis of cancer cells. We aimed to scrutinize the role of epigenetic alternations of genes involved in cancer metastasis, including CD44v6 (metastasis indicator) and Nm23-H1 (a novel tumor suppressor), in the A549 lung cancer cell line. The A549 cells were cultured in the DMEM medium. Valproic acid (VPA) was used as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Caspase-3 activity was assessed by adding DEVD-pNA substrate to the cell lysate. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Finally, protein expression was assessed by western blot. The results showed that VA significantly decreased the expression of the CD44v6 gene and its protein level. This was further accompanied by lower expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes. On the other hand, the expression of Nm23-H1 and its protein were significantly increased in the cells accompanied by higher activity of caspase-3 (P ˂ 0.05). Our results showed that epigenetic regulation of CD44v6, Nm23-H1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 might be involved in the pathogenesis and metastasis of lung cancer. Therefore, the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors can be effective in the suppression of metastases and the treatment of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Tavallaei
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mostafa Hosseini
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khadirnaikar S, Chatterjee A, Shukla SK. Genetic and Epigenetic landscape of leukocyte infiltration identifies an immune prognosticator in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:505-517. [PMID: 34275893 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte infiltration plays an critical role in outcome of various diseases including Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). OBJECTIVES To understand the genetic and epigenetic factors affecting leukocyte infiltration and identification and validation of immune based biomarkers. METHOD Correlation analysis was done to get the associations of the factors. CIBERSORT analysis was done for immune cell infiltration. Genetic and epigenetic analysis were performed. Cox regression was carried out for survival. RESULTS We categorized the TCGA-LUAD patients based on Leukocyte fraction (LF) and performed extensive immunogenomic analysis. Interestingly, we showed that LF has a negative correlation with copy number variation (CNV) but not with mutational load. However, several individual genetic mutations, including KRAS and KEAP1, were significantly linked with LF. Also, as expected, patients with high LF showed significantly increased expression of genes involved in leukocyte migration and activation. DNA methylation changes also showed a strong association with LF and regulated a significant proportion of genes associated with LF. We also developed and validated an independent prognostic immune signature using the top six prognostic genes associated with LF. CONCLUSION Together, we have identified clinical, genetic, and epigenetic variations associated with LUAD LF and developed an immune gene-based signature for disease prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Khadirnaikar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Annesha Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhanshu Kumar Shukla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Jiang F, Liang M, Huang X, Shi W, Wang Y. High expression of PIMREG predicts poor survival outcomes and is correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11697. [PMID: 34268011 PMCID: PMC8269662 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PIMREG is upregulated in multiple cancer types. However, the potential role of PIMREG in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore its clinical significance in LUAD. Methods Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we obtained 513 samples of LUAD and 59 normal samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to analyze the relationship between PIMREG and LUAD. We used t and Chi-square tests to evaluate the level of expression of PIMREG and its clinical implication in LUAD. The prognostic value of PIMREG in LUAD was identified through the Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analysis, and nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed to screen biological pathways and analyze the correlation of the immune infiltrating level with the expression of PIMREG in LUAD. Results PIMREG was highly expressed in patients with LUAD. Specifically, the level of PIMREG gradually increased from pathological stage I to IV. Further, we validated the higher expression of PIMREG expressed in LUAD cell lines. Moreover, PIMREG had a high diagnostic value, with an -AUC of 0.955. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that the high expression of PIMREG was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes. In our prognostic nomogram, the expression of PIMREG implied a significant prognostic value. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified that the high expression PIMREG phenotype was involved in the mitotic cell cycle, mRNA splicing, DNA repair, Rho GTPase signaling, TP53 transcriptional regulation, and translation pathways. Next, we also explored the correlation of PIMREG and tumor-immune interactions and found a negative correlation between PIMREG and the immune infiltrating level of T cells, macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) , and CD8+ T cells in LUAD. Conclusions High levels of PIMREG correlated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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