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Sanapalli BKR, Deshpande A, Sanapalli V, Sigalapalli DK. Unveiling the Unexplored Multifactorial Potential of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid in Diabetic Wound Therapy. Diseases 2024; 12:172. [PMID: 39195171 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12080172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds (DWs) are considered chronic complications observed in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Usually, DWs originate from the interplay of inflammation, oxidation, impaired tissue re-epithelialization, vasculopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, all of which are related to insulin resistance and sensitivity. The conventional approaches available for the treatment of DWs are mainly confined to the relief of wound pressure, debridement of the wound, and management of infection. In this paper, we speculate that treatment of DWs with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and subsequent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) via the AhR pathway might be highly beneficial for DW patients. This estimation is based on several lines of evidence showing that 5-ASA and PPAR-γ activation are involved in the restoration of insulin sensitivity, re-epithelialization, and microcirculation. Additionally, 5-ASA and TGF-β activate inflammation and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Suitable stabilized formulations of 5-ASA with high absorption rates are indispensable for scrutinizing its probable pharmacological benefits since 5-ASA is known to possess lower solubility profiles because of its reduced permeability through skin tissue. In vitro and in vivo studies with stabilized formulations and a control (placebo) are mandatory to determine whether 5-ASA indeed holds promise for the curative treatment of DWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Kumar Reddy Sanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be-University, Jadcherla 509301, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwini Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be-University, Jadcherla 509301, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vidyasrilekha Sanapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be-University, Jadcherla 509301, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Słoka J, Madej M, Strzalka-Mrozik B. Molecular Mechanisms of the Antitumor Effects of Mesalazine and Its Preventive Potential in Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:5081. [PMID: 37446747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention is one of the ways to fight colorectal cancer, which is a huge challenge in oncology. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate that chronic inflammation in the course of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (UC) is a significant cancer risk factor. Epidemiologic studies suggest that long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including mesalazine, has beneficial effects on colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mesalazine is a first-line therapy for UC and is also widely used for maintaining remission in UC. Data showed that mesalazine has antiproliferative properties associated with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition but can also act through COX-independent pathways. This review summarizes knowledge about mesalazine's molecular mechanisms of action and chemopreventive effect by which it could interfere with colorectal cancer cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Słoka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcel Madej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Strzalka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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3
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Huang Y, Wu M, Xiao H, Liu H, Yang G. Mesalamine-Mediated Amelioration of Experimental Colitis in Piglets Involves Gut Microbiota Modulation and Intestinal Immune Cell Infiltration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883682. [PMID: 35898495 PMCID: PMC9309220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesalamine (MES), also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, is effective in treating mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanisms of its actions are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MES treatment on intestinal microbiota and immune system in an dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model in postweaning piglets. Eighteen weaned piglets were assigned randomly to the following treatments: control group (CON, distilled water), DSS group (DSS, 3% DSS), and MES group (MES, 3% DSS + 2 g/day MES). Our results showed that MES treatment alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets, as evidenced by a reduced diarrhea index score and increased average daily gain (P < 0.05). This is accompanied by decreased diamine oxidase activity, D-lactate level (P < 0.05), and attenuated mucosal damage. MES treatment also decreased the abundance of Methanogens and reduced colon CD11b+ macrophage and CD3+ T-cell infiltrations in piglets with DSS-induced colitis (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that MES treatment-mediated colitis protection may involve microbiota and immune cell alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guan Yang,
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Targhazeh N, Moein S, Qujeq D, Alemi F, Majidina M, Younesi S, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. From inflammatory bowel disease to colorectal cancer: what's the role of miRNAs? Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:146. [PMID: 35410210 PMCID: PMC8996392 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with relapse and remission periods. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are two major forms of the disease. IBD imposes a lot of sufferings on the patient and has many consequences; however, the most important is the increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially in patients with Ulcerative colitis. This risk is increased with increasing the duration of disease, thus preventing the progression of IBD to cancer is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to know the details of events contributed to the progression of IBD to cancer. In recent years, the importance of miRNAs as small molecules with 20-22 nucleotides has been recognized in pathophysiology of many diseases, in which IBD and colorectal cancer have not been excluded. As a result, the effectiveness of these small molecules as therapeutic target is hopefully confirmed. This paper has reviewed the related studies and findings about the role of miRNAs in the course of events that promote the progression of IBD to colorectal carcinoma, as well as a review about the effectiveness of some of these miRNAs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Targhazeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidina
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Simin Younesi
- Schoole of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melborne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wu Y, Li S, Jin M, Li D, Zhou Z, Hou H, Han Y. Preparation of MSZ Hydrogel and Its Treatment of Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706401. [PMID: 34690753 PMCID: PMC8531416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to control the release of mesalazine (MSZ) in the gastrointestinal tract to achieve better pharmacological effects in the colon, in this study, MSZ was added to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to form a water-soluble HP-β-CD/MSZ inclusion complex. Then, the inclusion compound was loaded into the structure of the bilayer polyelectrolyte complex microsphere formed by alginate (Alg), chitosan (Cs), and kappa carrageenan (κ-Car) as the hydrogel carrier, and the hydrogel beads with colon-specific release MSZ after oral administration were formed. The formed hydrogel beads have different swelling capabilities in different pH media and have the greatest swelling degree under pH 7.4. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of hydrogel beads can reach up to 83.23 and 18.31%, respectively, and the size of hydrogel beads can be reduced to less than 1 mm after drying, so that the size of oral administration can be reached. In vivo experiments also showed that the formed hydrogel beads had a better therapeutic effect on colitis than free drugs, and the microspheres were biodegradable, so the double-layer pH-sensitive microspheres could be effectively used in colon-targeting drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengfei Jin
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiqing Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital(Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Beiranvand M. A review of the biological and pharmacological activities of mesalazine or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA): an anti-ulcer and anti-oxidant drug. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1279-1290. [PMID: 34410540 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesalazine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is a synthetic drug from the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used for inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. However, 5-ASA has also been used for various other diseases due to its pharmacological effects, but they are usually scattered across various publications, which may limit further research and clinical use of this drug. This review is a summary of published information on the biological and pharmacological effects of 5-ASA with the aim of identifying its anti-oxidant role and medicinal use. 5-ASA data have been collected from 1987 to February 2021 using major databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, Springer, Google Scholar, etc. According to research, the pharmacological and biological effects of 5-ASA include treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-amyloid, gastric protection (gastroprotective), and antidiverticulosis properties. Numerous pharmacological studies have shown that 5-ASA is an anti-oxidant and anti-ulcer compound with high therapeutic potential that, if the appropriate dose is discovered, its chemical structure changes and its effectiveness is optimized, 5-ASA has been used experimentally for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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7
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He T, Zhang X, Hao J, Ding S. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Non-neoplastic Digestive Disease: More Than Just Tumor Suppressor. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684529. [PMID: 34140896 PMCID: PMC8204087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, which acts through its unique protein phosphatase and lipid phosphatase activity. PTEN protein is widely distributed and exhibits complex biological functions and regulatory modes. It is involved in the regulation of cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration through a variety of signaling pathways. The role of PTEN in malignant tumors of the digestive system is well documented. Recent studies have indicated that PTEN may be closely related to many other benign processes in digestive organs. Emerging evidence suggests that PTEN is a potential therapeutic target in the context of several non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract. The recent discovery of PTEN isoforms is expected to help unravel more biological effects of PTEN in non-neoplastic digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Rajendran ST, Huszno K, Dębowski G, Sotres J, Ruzgas T, Boisen A, Zór K. Tissue-based biosensor for monitoring the antioxidant effect of orally administered drugs in the intestine. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 138:107720. [PMID: 33333454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For a better understanding of the effect of drugs and their interaction with cells and tissues, there is a need for in vitro and ex vivo model systems which enables studying these events. There are several in vitro methods available to evaluate the antioxidant activity; however, these methods do not factor in the complex in vivo physiology. Here we present an intestinal tissue modified oxygen electrode, used for the detection of the antioxidant effect of orally administered drugs in the presence of H2O2. Antioxidants are essential in the defense against oxidative stress, more specifically against reactive oxygen species such as H2O2. Due to the presence of native catalase in the intestine, with the tissue-based biosensor we were able to detect H2O2 in the range between 50 and 500 µM. The reproducibility of the sensor based on the calculated relative standard deviations was 15 ± 6%. We found that the O2 production by catalase from H2O2 was reduced in the presence of a well-known antioxidant, quinol. This indirectly detected antioxidant activity was also observed in the case of orally administered drugs with a reported anti-inflammatory effect such as mesalazine and paracetamol, while no antioxidant activity was recorded with aspirin and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Thoppe Rajendran
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kinga Huszno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Dębowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Sweden
| | - Javier Sotres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Sweden
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Sweden
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Ramadan A, Afifi N, Yassin NZ, Abdel-Rahman RF, Abd El-Rahman SS, Fayed HM. Mesalazine, an osteopontin inhibitor: The potential prophylactic and remedial roles in induced liver fibrosis in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:109-118. [PMID: 29738702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major health issue leading to high morbidity and mortality. The potential anti-fibrotic activity and the effect of mesalazine on osteopontin (OPN), an extra cellular matrix (ECM) component were evaluated in TAA-induced liver fibrosis in rats. For this purpose, forty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. All animals, except the normal control, were intraperitoneally injected with TAA (200 mg/kg) twice per week for 6 weeks. In the hepato-protective study, animals were administered mesalazine (50 and 100 mg/kg, orally) for 4 weeks before induction of liver fibrosis then concomitantly with TAA injection. In the hepato-therapeutic study, animals were administered mesalazine for 6 weeks after TAA discontinuation with the same doses. In both studies, mesalazine administration improved liver biomarkers through decreasing serum levels of AST, ALT and total bilirubin when compared to fibrotic group with significant increase in total protein and albumin levels. Mesalazine significantly decreased hepatic MDA level and counteracted the depletion of hepatic GSH content and SOD activity. Additionally, it limits the elevation of OPN and TGF-β1 concentrations and suppressed TNF-α as well as α-SMA levels in hepatic tissue homogenate. Histopathologically, mesalazine as a treatment showed a good restoration of the hepatic parenchymal cells with an obvious decreased intensity and retraction of fibrous proliferation, while as a prophylaxis it didn't achieve enough protection against the harmful effect of TAA, although it decreased the intensity of portal to portal fibrosis and pseudolobulation. Furthermore, mesalazine could suppress the expression of both α-SMA and caspase-3 in immunohistochemical sections. In conclusion, mesalazine could have a potential new indication as anti-fibrotic agent through limiting the oxidative damage and altering TNF-ɑ pathway as an anti-inflammatory drug with down-regulating TGF-β1, OPN, α-SMA and caspase-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramadan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal Afifi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nemat Z Yassin
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hany M Fayed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Bradford EM, Thompson CA, Goretsky T, Yang GY, Rodriguez LM, Li L, Barrett TA. Myo-inositol reduces β-catenin activation in colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5115-5126. [PMID: 28811707 PMCID: PMC5537179 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i28.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess dietary myo-inositol in reducing stem cell activation in colitis, and validate pβ-cateninS552 as a biomarker of recurrent dysplasia.
METHODS We examined the effects of dietary myo-inositol treatment on inflammation, pβ-cateninS552 and pAkt levels by histology and western blot in IL-10-/- and dextran sodium sulfate-treated colitic mice. Additionally, we assessed nuclear pβ-cateninS552 in patients treated with myo-inositol in a clinical trial, and in patients with and without a history of colitis-induced dysplasia.
RESULTS In mice, pβ-cateninS552 staining faithfully reported the effects of myo-inositol in reducing inflammation and intestinal stem cell activation. In a pilot clinical trial of myo-inositol administration in patients with a history of low grade dysplasia (LGD), two patients had reduced numbers of intestinal stem cell activation compared to the placebo control patient. In humans, pβ-cateninS552 staining discriminated ulcerative colitis patients with a history of LGD from those with benign disease.
CONCLUSION Enumerating crypts with increased numbers of pβ-cateninS552 - positive cells can be utilized as a biomarker in colitis-associated cancer chemoprevention trials.
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Aviello G, Knaus UG. ROS in gastrointestinal inflammation: Rescue Or Sabotage? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1704-1718. [PMID: 26758851 PMCID: PMC5446568 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is composed of many distinct cell types that respond to commensal microbiota or pathogens with immune tolerance and proinflammatory signals respectively. ROS produced by mucosa-resident cells or by newly recruited innate immune cells are essential for antimicrobial responses and regulation of signalling pathways including processes involved in wound healing. Impaired ROS production due to inactivating patient variants in genes encoding NADPH oxidases as ROS source has been associated with Crohn's disease and pancolitis, whereas overproduction of ROS due to up-regulation of oxidases or altered mitochondrial function was linked to ileitis and ulcerative colitis. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how maintaining a redox balance is crucial to preserve gut homeostasis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aviello
- National Children's Research CentreOur Lady's Children's HospitalDublinIreland
| | - UG Knaus
- National Children's Research CentreOur Lady's Children's HospitalDublinIreland
- Conway Institute, School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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12
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Abstract
Objectives: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) contributes to the development acute renal failure. Oxygen free radicals are involved in the pathophysiology of IR injury (IRI). This study was designed to investigate the effects of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is known antioxidant agent, in IR-induced renal injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion. 5-ASA (300 mg/kg, i.p) was administered prior to ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion, urine and blood samples were collected for the determination of creatinine (Cr) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and renal samples were taken for the histological evaluation. Results: Treatment with 5-ASA significantly decreased serum Cr and NO levels, also significantly increased urinary Cr level and decreased histopathological changes induced by IR. Conclusion: Treatment with 5-ASA had a beneficial effect on renal IRI. These results may indicate that 5-ASA exerts nephroprotective effects in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokofeh Banaei
- Department of Physiology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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13
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Varga G, Ugocsai M, Hartmann P, Lajkó N, Molnár R, Szűcs S, Jász DK, Érces D, Ghyczy M, Tóth G, Boros M. Acetylsalicylic acid-tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane reduces colon mucosal damage without causing gastric side effects in a rat model of colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:261-271. [PMID: 28451776 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have developed a novel compound from acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Tris) precursors with ASA-like anti-inflammatory efficacy and reduced the mucosa-damaging side-effects. Our aim was to examine local and remote consequences of ASA-Tris administration in 2-,4-,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis as compared to ASA or mesalamine (5-aminosalicylate) treatment. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to five groups (n = 6, each), and TNBS enemas were performed. Group 1 was the negative control; group 2 was the untreated colitis group. 12 hour after colitis induction repeated doses of ASA, ASA-Tris (both 0.55 mmol/kg) and mesalamine (0.77 mmol/kg) were given 3 times daily for 3 days to groups 3-5. On day 3 of colitis, the in vivo histology of the colon and stomach was investigated. Tissue xanthine-oxidoreductase, myeloperoxidase, nitrite/nitrate changes, and circulating TNF-alpha levels were measured. In addition, liver mitochondria were examined with high-resolution respirometry to analyze alterations in the electron transport chain. RESULTS TNBS enema significantly elevated inflammatory enzyme activities, NO production, TNF-alpha concentration, and induced morphological damage in the colon. ASA-treatment reduced the inflammatory marker levels and mucosal injury in the colon, but gastric tissue damage was present. ASA-Tris- and mesalamine-treatments significantly reduced the cytokine levels, inflammatory enzyme activities, and colonic mucosal damage without inducing gastric injury. Also, ASA significantly reduced the Complex IV-linked respiration of liver mitochondria, which was not observed after ASA-Tris-treatment. CONCLUSION As compared to ASA, ASA-Tris conjugation provides significant protection against the colonic injury and cytokine-mediated progression of inflammatory events in experimental colitis without influencing the gastric epithelial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Melinda Ugocsai
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Norbert Lajkó
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Réka Molnár
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Szűcs
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kurszán Jász
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Dániel Érces
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Miklós Ghyczy
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szőkefalvi-Nagy Béla u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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14
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Dammann K, Khare V, Harpain F, Lang M, Kurtovic A, Mesteri I, Evstatiev R, Gasche C. PAK1 promotes intestinal tumor initiation. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1093-101. [PMID: 26304465 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0205-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in colorectal cancer. PAK1 is a target of mesalamine [5-aminosylicylic acid (5-ASA)], a common drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis with prospective chemopreventive properties. Here, we investigated whether PAK1 deletion impedes tumorigenesis in murine intestinal cancer models. Ten-week-old APC(min) or APC(min)/PAK1(-/-) mice were monitored for 8 weeks, euthanized, and assessed for tumor number and size. Six- to 8-week-old PAK1(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice received one 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and four cycles of 1.7% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 4 days followed by 14 days of regular water. Mice also received 5-ASA via diet. Tumor incidence and size was assessed via colonoscopy and pathology. Molecular targets of PAK1 and 5-ASA were evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in both models. PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity and tumor burden but did not alter average tumor size in APC(min) mice. IHC revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced p-AKT, β-catenin, and c-Myc expression in APC(min) adenomas. Colonoscopy and pathologic analysis revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity without affecting tumor size in AOM/DSS-treated mice. 5-ASA treatment and PAK1 deletion impeded tumor multiplicity and dysplastic lesions in AOM/DSS mice. IHC further revealed that 5-ASA blocked β-catenin signaling via inhibition of PAK1/p-AKT. These data indicate that PAK1 contributes to initiation of intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dammann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Harpain
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azra Kurtovic
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rayko Evstatiev
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Sun Y, Zhao Y, Yao J, Zhao L, Wu Z, Wang Y, Pan D, Miao H, Guo Q, Lu N. Wogonoside protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:142-54. [PMID: 25677765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that wogonoside, the glucuronide metabolite of wogonin, has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anticancer effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of wogonoside has not been fully elucidated. Recently, NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported to be correlated with inflammatory bowel disease for its ability to induce IL-1β release. Nevertheless, there are few drug candidates targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for this disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of wogonoside in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis and further revealed the underlying mechanisms by targeting NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Wogonoside treatment dose-dependently attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss and colon length shortening. Moreover, wogonoside prevented DSS-induced colonic pathological damage, remarkably inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration and significantly decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities. The production of pro-inflammatory mediators in serum and colon was also significantly reduced by wogonoside. The underlying mechanisms for the protective effect of wogonoside in DSS-induced colitis may be attributed to its inhibition on NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in colons. Furthermore, wogonoside markedly decreased production of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 and suppressed mRNA expression of pro-IL-1β and NLRP3 in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cells via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that wogonoside may exert its anti-inflammatory effect via dual inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that wogonoside might be a potential effective drug for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaoqiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanchi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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16
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Khare V, Dammann K, Asboth M, Krnjic A, Jambrich M, Gasche C. Overexpression of PAK1 promotes cell survival in inflammatory bowel diseases and colitis-associated cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:287-96. [PMID: 25569743 PMCID: PMC4345971 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic gut inflammation predisposes to the development of colorectal cancer and increased mortality. Use of mesalamine (5-ASA) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis modulates the risk of neoplastic progression. p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) mediates 5-ASA activity by orchestrating MAPK signaling, Wnt-β catenin pathway, and cell adhesion; all implicated in the colon carcinogenesis. We evaluated the role of PAK1 in IBD and in colitis-associated cancer (CAC). METHODS AND RESULTS PAK1 expression was scored by immunohistochemistry in human samples from IBD, CAC, and in normal mucosa. Compared with controls, a higher PAK1 expression was detected in IBD which further increased in CAC. The consequence of PAK1 overexpression was investigated using normal diploid colon epithelial cells (HCEC-1CT), which showed higher proliferation and decreased apoptosis on overexpression of PAK1. Analysis of IBD and CAC samples showed activation of AKT (p-AKT). However, mTOR pathway was activated in IBD but not in CAC. Treatment of cells with specific inhibitors (PD98059/LY294002/rapamycin) of growth signaling pathways (MEK/PI3K/mTOR) demonstrated that in HCEC-1CT, PAK1 expression is regulated by MEK, PI3K, and mTOR. In colorectal cancer cell lines, PAK1, and beta-catenin expression correlated and inhibition of PAK1 and addition of 5-ASA elicited similar molecular affects by reducing ERK and AKT activation. Moreover, 5-ASA disrupted PAK1 interaction and colocalization with β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that (1) PAK1 is upregulated in IBD and CAC (2) PAK1 overexpression is associated with activation of PI3K-AKT/mTOR prosurvival pathways in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Khare
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Five-aminosalicylic Acid: an update for the reappraisal of an old drug. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:456895. [PMID: 25685145 PMCID: PMC4320793 DOI: 10.1155/2015/456895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises several conditions with chronic or recurring immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal apparatus, of which ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the commonest forms. This disease has a significant prevalence and it is of an unknown aethiology. Five-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and its derivatives are among the oldest drugs approved for the treatment of the IBD. In this review we reapprise aspects of 5-ASA mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy that in our opinion make it a valuable drug that can be fruitfully tailored in personalised treatments as a therapeutic option alongside other immune-modifying agents.
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18
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Somsouk M, Dunham RM, Cohen M, Albright R, Abdel-Mohsen M, Liegler T, Lifson J, Piatak M, Gorelick R, Huang Y, Wu Y, Hsue PY, Martin JN, Deeks SG, McCune JM, Hunt PW. The immunologic effects of mesalamine in treated HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4+ T cell recovery: a randomized crossover trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116306. [PMID: 25545673 PMCID: PMC4283685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The anti-inflammatory agent, mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) has been shown to decrease mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis. The effect of mesalamine in HIV-infected individuals, who exhibit abnormal mucosal immune activation and microbial translocation (MT), has not been established in a placebo-controlled trial. We randomized 33 HIV-infected subjects with CD4 counts <350 cells/mm3 and plasma HIV RNA levels <40 copies/ml on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to add mesalamine vs. placebo to their existing regimen for 12 weeks followed by a 12 week crossover to the other arm. Compared to placebo-treated subjects, mesalamine-treated subjects did not experience any significant change in the percent CD38+HLA-DR+ peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at week 12 (P = 0.38 and P = 0.63, respectively), or in the CD4+ T cell count at week 12 (P = 0.83). The percent CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells also did not change significantly in rectal tissue (P = 0.86, P = 0.84, respectively). During the period of mesalamine administration, plasma sCD14, IL-6, D-dimer, and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio were not changed significantly at week 12 and were similarly unchanged at week 24. This study suggests that, at least under the conditions studied, the persistent immune activation associated with HIV infection is not impacted by the anti-inflammatory effects of mesalamine. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01090102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Dunham
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Michelle Cohen
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Albright
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Teri Liegler
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Yong Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, United States of America
| | - Yuaner Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Y. Hsue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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19
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Yang K, Tang ZP. Suppositories for treatment of ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5648-5652. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i36.5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) presents a gradually upward trend. The combination of topical and oral therapy is more widely adopted in current management of UC in comparison with traditional oral therapy. As a typical topical therapy, suppository treatment has received increasing attention due to its convenience, high tolerance and good curative effect. Aminosalicylic acid preparations are the major Western medicine suppositories, consisting of sulfasalazine suppository and mesalazine suppository, with the latter considered the first choice for mild-to-moderate UC due to better efficacy and fewer side effects. For traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), several drugs have been applied as suppositories. Qingchang suppository is a representative of TCM suppositories whose therapeutic principle is based on heat-clearing and detoxicating effects. This article reviews the recent progress in suppository treatment of UC.
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20
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Lee IA, Kamba A, Low D, Mizoguchi E. Novel methylxanthine derivative-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1127-38. [PMID: 24574789 PMCID: PMC3921497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i5.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Family 18 chitinases have a binding capacity with chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. Recent studies strongly suggested that chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1, also known as YKL-40) and acidic mammalian chitinase, the two major members of family 18 chitinases, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), bronchial asthma and several other inflammatory disorders. Based on the data from high-throughput screening, it has been found that three methylxanthine derivatives, caffeine, theophylline, and pentoxifylline, have competitive inhibitory effects against a fungal family 18 chitinase by specifically interacting with conserved tryptophans in the active site of this protein. Methylxanthine derivatives are also known as adenosine receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inducers. Anti-inflammatory effects of methylxanthine derivatives have been well-documented in the literature. For example, a beneficial link between coffee or caffeine consumption and type 2 diabetes as well as liver cirrhosis has been reported. Furthermore, theophylline has a long history of being used as a bronchodilator in asthma therapy, and pentoxifylline has an immuno-modulating effect for peripheral vascular disease. However, it is still largely unknown whether these methylxanthine derivative-mediated anti-inflammatory effects are associated with the inhibition of CHI3L1-induced cytoplasmic signaling cascades in epithelial cells. In this review article we will examine the above possibility and summarize the biological significance of methylxanthine derivatives in intestinal epithelial cells. We hope that this study will provide a rationale for the development of methylxanthine derivatives, in particular caffeine, -based anti-inflammatory therapeutics in the field of IBD and IBD-associated carcinogenesis.
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