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Liu Y, Liu T, Li X, Li T, Ma X, Zhao D, Zheng X, Zhao X. Effects of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on the immune system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32116. [PMID: 38975198 PMCID: PMC11226771 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids, important immune organs, is a frequent and recurrent class of surgery, and currently, there is no consensus on the effects these surgical procedures may have on the immune system. Here, we examine individual studies on tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and adenotonsillectomy, discuss their postoperative humoral and cellular immune changes, and explore their effects on the incidence of related diseases. There is evidence that these three surgeries have no negative effects on humoral immunity; however, there has been contrary results. Furthermore, these procedures seem to have no significant effects on cellular immunity, although tonsil and adenoid removal can cause an increased incidence of certain illnesses, especially infectious diseases. Based on this comprehensive review, we conclude that the removal of tonsils and adenoids does not negatively affect cellular and humoral immunity. However, surgery may lead to an increased incidence of related infectious diseases. This finding may inform the surgeon's decision to perform the procedure in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiangchi Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xueke Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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2
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Tavvabi-Kashani N, Hasanpour M, Baradaran Rahimi V, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Askari VR. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and recent advances in Eugenol's potential benefits against natural and chemical noxious agents: A mechanistic review. Toxicon 2024; 238:107607. [PMID: 38191032 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The active biological phytochemicals, crucial compounds employed in creating hundreds of medications, are derived from valuable and medicinally significant plants. These phytochemicals offer excellent protection from various illnesses, including inflammatory disorders and chronic conditions caused by oxidative stress. A phenolic monoterpenoid known as eugenol (EUG), it is typically found in the essential oils of many plant species from the Myristicaceae, Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, and Lauraceae families. One of the main ingredients of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.), Myrtaceae), it has several applications in industry, including flavoring food, pharmaceutics, dentistry, agriculture, and cosmeceuticals. Due to its excellent potential for avoiding many chronic illnesses, it has lately attracted attention. EUG has been classified as a nonmutant, generally acknowledged as a safe (GRAS) chemical by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the existing research, EUG possesses notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, and apoptosis-promoting properties, which have lately gained attention for its ability to control chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial malfunction and dramatically impact human wellness. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence from the most significant research studies that have been published regarding the protective role and detoxifying effects of EUG against a wide range of toxins, including biological and chemical toxins, as well as different drugs and pesticides that produce a variety of toxicities, throughout view of the possible advantages of EUG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Tavvabi-Kashani
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Vahdati-Mashhadian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Lim SJ, Jithpratuck W, Wasylik K, Sriaroon P, Dishaw LJ. Associations of Microbial Diversity with Age and Other Clinical Variables among Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020422. [PMID: 36838387 PMCID: PMC9965780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogenous disease that causes persistent paranasal sinus inflammation in children. Microorganisms are thought to contribute to the etiology and progression of CRS. Culture-independent microbiome analysis offers deeper insights into sinonasal microbial diversity and microbe-disease associations than culture-based methods. To date, CRS-related microbiome studies have mostly focused on the adult population, and only one study has characterized the pediatric CRS microbiome. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial diversity of adenoid tissue, adenoid swab, maxillary sinus, and sinus wash samples from 45 pediatric CRS patients recruited from the Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital (JHACH) in St. Petersburg, FL, USA. The alpha diversity in these samples was associated with baseline nasal steroid use, leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) use, and total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E (IgE) level. Streptococcus, Moraxella, and Haemophilus spp. were most frequently identified from sinus cultures and the sequenced 16S rRNA gene content. Comparative analyses combining our samples with the samples from the previous microbiome study revealed differentially abundant genera between patients with pediatric CRS and healthy controls, including Cutibacterium and Moraxella. Additionally, the abundances of Streptobacillus and Staphylococcus were consistently correlated with age in both adenoid- and sinus-derived samples. Our study uncovers new associations of alpha diversity with clinical parameters, as well as associations of specific genera with disease status and age, that can be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Jean Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Warit Jithpratuck
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Kathleen Wasylik
- Pediatric Ear, Nose & Throat Specialists, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Panida Sriaroon
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- USF Pediatric Allergy/Immunology Clinic, Food Allergy Clinic, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Larry J. Dishaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-727-553-3601
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4
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Tuon FF, Suss PH, Telles JP, Dantas LR, Borges NH, Ribeiro VST. Antimicrobial Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010087. [PMID: 36671287 PMCID: PMC9854895 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism frequently associated with implant-related infections, owing to its ability to produce biofilms. These infections are difficult to treat because antimicrobials must cross the biofilm to effectively inhibit bacterial growth. Although some antibiotics can penetrate the biofilm and reduce the bacterial load, it is important to understand that the results of routine sensitivity tests are not always valid for interpreting the activity of different drugs. In this review, a broad discussion on the genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and antimicrobial activity in monotherapy and combination therapy is presented that should benefit researchers engaged in optimizing the treatment of infections associated with S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-41-98852-1893
| | - Paula Hansen Suss
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Telles
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Infectious Diseases Department, São Paulo 01525-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Ramos Dantas
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Henrique Borges
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
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5
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Razooqi Hussein A, Zamel Khalaf Z. Antibacterial activity of klebocin against methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i5.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that have bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic activity against other bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficiency of Klebocin a K. pneumoniae bacteriocin, against biofilm formation by clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA.
Materials and Methods: S. aureus isolated from clinical samples was identified according to vitek 2 system Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed according to disc diffusion method. Vitek 2 compact system was also used to detect MRSA strains. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of klebocin from K. pneumoniae towards 11 strains of S. aureus by the microtiter plate method throughout the initial and final steps of biofilm development.
Results: Our finding shown that crude extract of klebocin was active against all the tested pre-formed biofilm of S.aureus isolates and the percentage of inhibition ranging from 78.9-88.5%. Also the results of the current study demonstrated that all matured bacterial biofilm was inhibited in at a percentage ranging from 41.2% - 91.2%.
Conclusion: This finding proved that klebocin had antibacterial activity against planktonic cells of S.aureus in addition to antibiofilm activity against premature and mature biofilm of MRSA. Also klebocin had broad spectrum activity effecting Gram +ve bacteria and its biofilm production.
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6
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Comparative Study of Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antiswarming and Antiquorum Sensing Activities of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil and Terpinene-4-ol against Pathogenic Bacteria. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101616. [PMID: 36295051 PMCID: PMC9605346 DOI: 10.3390/life12101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants have many bioactive compounds known for their important biological activities mainly their antibacterial effects. Here we evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively the biofilm formation capability of pathogenic bacterial strains (n = 8). Then, we investigated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, antiquorum-sensing, and antiswarming efficacy of Origanum vulgare essential oil (EO) and terpinene-4-ol. Our results revealed that EO exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect against the tested strains. While the terpinene-4-ol was found to be more effective against developed Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Regarding the anti quorum-sensing activity, we noticed that O. vulgare displayed better inhibition percentages in violacein production even at a low concentration (MIC/4). Additionally, this EO showed better inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 migration in comparison with the terpinene-4-ol. Our findings revealed that using pure O. vulgare EO demonstrated better competitive effects against pathogenic bacteria with a different mode of action when compared to the terpinene-4-ol. Hence, exploration and development of efficient anti-infection agents from natural resources such as full EOs represent promising tools in anti-infective therapy.
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7
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Cloup E, McCrone I, Hughes K. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:867-870. [PMID: 35263281 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.04.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cloup
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian McCrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Veterinary School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Garantziotis S. Modulation of hyaluronan signaling as a therapeutic target in human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107993. [PMID: 34587477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an active participant, modulator and mediator of the cell, tissue, organ and organismal response to injury. Recent research has highlighted the role of hyaluronan, an abundant glycosaminoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix, in many fundamental biological processes underpinning homeostasis and disease development. From this basis, emerging studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of strategies which target hyaluronan synthesis, biology and signaling, with significant promise as therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases. This review summarizes the state of the art in this field and discusses challenges and opportunities in what could emerge as a new class of therapeutic agents, that we term "matrix biologics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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9
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Ghaioumy R, Tabatabaeifar F, Mozafarinia K, Mianroodi AA, Isaei E, Morones-Ramírez JR, Afshari SAK, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D. Biofilm formation and molecular analysis of intercellular adhesion gene cluster (icaABCD) among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from children with adenoiditis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:458-463. [PMID: 34557273 PMCID: PMC8421587 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i4.6969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: It is well known that Staphylococcus aureus biofilm plays an important role in adenoiditis and biofilm resistance frequently results in failure of therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biofilm production of S. aureus isolates obtained from adenoid specimens and assess the relationship between biofilm formation ability and ica operon genes. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 adenoid samples were obtained from patients under 15 years old with adenoid hypertrophy. All S. aureus isolates were initially identified by standard microbiological tests and amplification of nuc by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Biofilm formation of S. aureus isolates was evaluated and icaADBC genes were detected by PCR technique. Results: There were 46 isolates (41%) identified as S. aureus. The ability to produce biofilm was detected among total S. aureus isolates. Molecular study of ica operon revealed that 2 (6.3%) and 19 (59.4%) isolates carried icaA and icaD, respectively. The prevalence of icaA + icaD was seen among 11 (34.4%) S. aureus isolates, while icaC and icaB were not detected. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that icaABCD operon are associated with biofilm formation in S. aureus isolates, however the absence of these genes may not necessarily exclude this property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Ghaioumy
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemehalsadat Tabatabaeifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Centro de Investigaciónen Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de CienciasQuímicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - Karamat Mozafarinia
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Arabi Mianroodi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Isaei
- Student Research Committee, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - José Rubén Morones-Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Centro de Investigaciónen Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de CienciasQuímicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico
| | - Setareh Agha Kuchak Afshari
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology & Virology), Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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10
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11
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Kvich L, Burmølle M, Bjarnsholt T, Lichtenberg M. Do Mixed-Species Biofilms Dominate in Chronic Infections?-Need for in situ Visualization of Bacterial Organization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:396. [PMID: 32850494 PMCID: PMC7419433 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections present a serious economic burden to health-care systems. The severity and prevalence of chronic infections are continuously increasing due to an aging population and an elevated number of lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes. Treatment of chronic infections has proven difficult, mainly due to the presence of biofilms that render bacteria more tolerant toward antimicrobials and the host immune response. Chronic infections have been described to harbor several different bacterial species and it has been hypothesized that microscale interactions and mixed-species consortia are present as described for most natural occurring biofilms i.e., aquatic systems and industrial settings, but also for some commensal human biofilms i.e., the mouth microbiota. However, the presence of mixed-species biofilms in chronic infections is most often an assumption based on culture-based methods and/or by means of molecular approaches, such as PCR and sequencing performed from homogenized bulk tissue samples. These methods disregard the spatial organization of the bacterial community and thus valuable information on biofilm aggregate composition, spatial organization, and possible interactions between different species is lost. Hitherto, only few studies have made visual in situ presentations of mixed-species biofilms in chronic infections, which is pivotal for the description of bacterial composition, spatial distribution, and interspecies interaction on the microscale. In order for bacteria to interact (synergism, commensalism, mutualism, competition, etc.) they need to be in close proximity to each other on the scale where they can affect e.g., solute concentrations. We argue that visual proof of mixed species biofilms in chronic infections is scarce compared to what is seen in e.g., environmental biofilms and call for a debate on the importance of mixed-species biofilm in chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Kvich
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Lichtenberg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Vestby LK, Grønseth T, Simm R, Nesse LL. Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E59. [PMID: 32028684 PMCID: PMC7167820 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of the fact that bacterial biofilm may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease has led to an increased focus on identifying diseases that may be biofilm-related. Biofilm infections are typically chronic in nature, as biofilm-residing bacteria can be resilient to both the immune system, antibiotics, and other treatments. This is a comprehensive review describing biofilm diseases in the auditory, the cardiovascular, the digestive, the integumentary, the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system. In most cases reviewed, the biofilms were identified through various imaging technics, in addition to other study approaches. The current knowledge on how biofilm may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease indicates a number of different mechanisms. This spans from biofilm being a mere reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, to playing a more active role, e.g., by contributing to inflammation. Observations also indicate that biofilm does not exclusively occur extracellularly, but may also be formed inside living cells. Furthermore, the presence of biofilm may contribute to development of cancer. In conclusion, this review shows that biofilm is part of many, probably most chronic infections. This is important knowledge for development of effective treatment strategies for such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene K. Vestby
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Torstein Grønseth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Oslo University Hospital HF, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Roger Simm
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1052, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Live L. Nesse
- Department of Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Kania R, Vironneau P, Dang H, Bercot B, Cambau E, Verillaud B, Camous D, Lamers G, Herman P, Vicaut E, Tessier N, Van Den Abbeele T. Bacterial biofilm in adenoids of children with chronic otitis media. Part I: a case control study of prevalence of biofilms in adenoids, risk factors and middle ear biofilms. Acta Otolaryngol 2019; 139:345-350. [PMID: 30806125 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2019.1571282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms are communities of bacteria embedded in a self-produced glycocalyx matrix. Adenoids have been shown to harbor bacterial biofilms. Aim/objectives: To compare the prevalence of biofilms in adenoid of children with chronic otitis media (COM) (group1) versus a control group without any COM (group 2) having adenoids removed because of hypertrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and three children were prospectively enrolled in this case-control study, group 1 (n = 52) and group 2 (n = 51). The main outcome measurement was the prevalence of biofilm in adenoidectomy specimens analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Children in group 1 who had middle ear (ME) effusion and requiring the insertion of a tympanostomy tube underwent biopsy of the ME mucosa and effusion sampling. RESULTS Biofilms were found in adenoids' specimens of both groups and in the ME biopsy and effusion. The biofilm prevalence in adenoids was 63.5% (33/52) in group 1 and 47.1% (24/51) in group 2. Day nursery and previous antibiotics intake were significantly more frequent in group 1 than in group 2. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE This case-control study demonstrates that adenoid tissue in children with COM contains more mucosal biofilms than adenoid tissue removed for hypertrophy. Biofilm was seen in ME biopsies and effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Kania
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, UMR 1141 Center for the Developing Brain, Paris Biobank BB-0033-00064, Platform of Biopathology and Innovative Technologies for Health, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Vironneau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, UMR 1141 Center for the Developing Brain, Paris Biobank BB-0033-00064, Platform of Biopathology and Innovative Technologies for Health, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Huong Dang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, UMR 1141 Center for the Developing Brain, Paris Biobank BB-0033-00064, Platform of Biopathology and Innovative Technologies for Health, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Bercot
- Department of Bacteriology, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- Department of Bacteriology, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Verillaud
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, UMR 1141 Center for the Developing Brain, Paris Biobank BB-0033-00064, Platform of Biopathology and Innovative Technologies for Health, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Domitille Camous
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, UMR 1141 Center for the Developing Brain, Paris Biobank BB-0033-00064, Platform of Biopathology and Innovative Technologies for Health, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gerda Lamers
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Herman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, UMR 1141 Center for the Developing Brain, Paris Biobank BB-0033-00064, Platform of Biopathology and Innovative Technologies for Health, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Clinical Research Unit Fernand Widal University Hospital, APHP, Paris 7 University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Tessier
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital APHP, Paris 7 University, Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Van Den Abbeele
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital APHP, Paris 7 University, Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
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14
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Drago L, Pignataro L, Torretta S. Microbiological Aspects of Acute and Chronic Pediatric Rhinosinusitis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E149. [PMID: 30696073 PMCID: PMC6406304 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiology of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis has been extensively studied, but there are still some differences of view concerning the etiology of the former, and many disagreements regarding the microbiology of the latter. Establishing the concomitant distribution of the causative micro-organisms in cases that involve multiple sinuses is scientifically and practically important. The main problems are the variety of aerobes and anaerobes that may be involved, and the fact that different tracts of the sinuses of the same patient may be simultaneously affected. Rhinosinusitis may also involve the formation of biofilm, which may play a significant role in its pathogenesis and persistence. Biofilms have a number of advantages in terms of bacterial survival, and their perpetuation can create a certain degree of instability in host-bacteria interactions. Sinonasal microflora may further complicate pathogenesis and the identification of the pathogen(s) involved. Furthermore, the concentration, uniformity, and type/number of strains of nasal microbiota may vary from one site to another. The relative and total micro-organism counts can also be affected by various factors, and microbiota can modulate the course of both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Clinical Microbiology, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Pignataro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Torretta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Olender A, Bogut A, Magryś A, Król-Turmińska K. A Novel Approach to Study the Effect of Ciprofloxacin on Biofilms of Corynebacterium spp. Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 67:431-440. [PMID: 30550229 PMCID: PMC7256825 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-diphtherial corynebacteria are Gram-positive rods that cause opportunistic infections, what is supported by their ability to produce biofilm on artificial surfaces. In this study, the characteristic of the biofilm produced on vascular and urological catheters was determined using a confocal microscopy for the most frequently involved in infections diphtheroid species. They were represented by the reference strains of Corynebacterium striatum ATCC 6940 and C. amycolatum ATCC 700207. The effect of ciprofloxacin on the biofilm produced by the antibiotic-susceptible C. striatum strain was evaluated using three concentrations of the antimicrobial agent (2 ×, 4 ×, and 6 × the MIC – the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). The basis for the interpretation of results was the statistical analysis of maximum points readings from the surface comprising a total of 245 areas of the biofilm image under the confocal microscope. It was observed that ciprofloxacin at a concentration equal to 4 × MIC paradoxically caused an enlargement of areas with live bacteria within the biofilm. Biofilm destruction required the application of ciprofloxacin at a concentration higher than 6 × MIC. This suggests that the use of relatively low doses of antimicrobial agents may increase the number of live bacteria within the biofilm, and further facilitate their detachment from the biofilm’s structure thus leading to the spread of bacteria into the bloodstream or to the neighboring tissues. The method of biofilm analysis presented here provides the original and novel approach to the investigation of the diphtheroid biofilms and their interaction with antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Olender
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bogut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Magryś
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University , Lublin , Poland
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16
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Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: Models for Evaluating Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil and Its Main Component Terpinen-4-ol. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102672. [PMID: 30336602 PMCID: PMC6222492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance among pathogens encourages searching for novel active molecules. The aim of the research was to assay the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) and antibiofilm potential of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its main constituent, terpinen-4-ol, to prevent the infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains as an alternate to antibiotics. The tea tree oil (TTO) was evaluated for its potential in inhibiting QS-dependent phenomena such as violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum, swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and biofilm formation in MRSA strains on glass. The results showed that terpinen-4-ol was able to inhibit MRSA strain biofilm formation on the glass strips by 73.70%. TTO inhibited the violacein production at a mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.048 mg/mL by 69.3%. At 100 µg/mL TTO and terpinen-4-ol exhibited inhibition in swarming motility of PAO1 by 33.33% and 25%, respectively. TTO revealed anti-QS and anti-biofilm activities at very low concentrations, but it could be further investigated for new molecules useful for the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Bayraç AT, Donmez SI. Selection of DNA aptamers to Streptococcus pneumonia and fabrication of graphene oxide based fluorescent assay. Anal Biochem 2018; 556:91-98. [PMID: 29964028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococci are one of the leading causes of infections throughout the world causing problems mainly in children, elderly, and immune-deficient patients. In recent years antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains become widespread. Therefore simple, rapid, and specific detection methods are needed for public health. In this study, DNA aptamer probes against S. pneumoniae were selected using bacterial Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) and these probes were integrated in to a graphene oxide (GO) based fluorescent assay. Among the tested aptamers three candidates Lyd-1, Lyd-2 and Lyd-3 showed Kd values of 844.7 ± 123.6, 1984.8 ± 347.5, and 661.8 ± 111.3 nM, respectively. These candidates showed binding affinity to S. pneumoniae and no specific binding to the bacteria used in negative selection. The binding of aptamers were showed by fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry. GO based label-free fluorescent assay developed using Lyd-3 aptamer had a unique detection limit of 15 cfu mL-1. Thus we believe that the selected aptamers and fabricated GO based assay has potential to be used in the detection of S. pneumoniae. Selected aptamers selectively bind to S. pneumonia with anti-pneumococcal potential and holds great potential to be used as molecular probes for identifying and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Tahir Bayraç
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Yunus Emre Campus, 70100 Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Sultan Ilayda Donmez
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Yunus Emre Campus, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
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18
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A Multi-scale Biophysical Approach to Develop Structure-Property Relationships in Oral Biofilms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5691. [PMID: 29632310 PMCID: PMC5890245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 5–10 years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been individually applied to monitor the morphological and mechanical properties of various single-species biofilms respectively. This investigation looked to combine OCT and AFM as a multi-scale approach to understand the role sucrose concentration and age play in the morphological and mechanical properties of oral, microcosm biofilms, in-vitro. Biofilms with low (0.1% w/v) and high (5% w/v) sucrose concentrations were grown on hydroxyapatite (HAP) discs from pooled human saliva and incubated for 3 and 5 days. Distinct mesoscale features of biofilms such as regions of low and high extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were identified through observations made by OCT. Mechanical analysis revealed increasing sucrose concentration decreased Young’s modulus and increased cantilever adhesion (p < 0.0001), relative to the biofilm. Increasing age was found to decrease adhesion only (p < 0.0001). This was due to mechanical interactions between the indenter and the biofilm increasing as a function of increased EPS content, due to increasing sucrose. An expected decrease in EPS cantilever contact decreased adhesion due to bacteria proliferation with biofilm age. The application OCT and AFM revealed new structure-property relationships in oral biofilms, unattainable if the techniques were used independently.
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Rieth KKS, Gill SR, Lott-Limbach AA, Merkley MA, Botero N, Allen PD, Miller MC. Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Tonsil Tissue in Healthy Adults and Colocalization in Biofilm of Tonsillar Crypts. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 144:231-237. [PMID: 29372248 PMCID: PMC5885877 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is currently an important topic of elucidation. The presence of latent HPV infection in tonsil tissue of healthy adults may provide an explanation for a component of this process and contribute to the understanding of HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma oncogenesis of the oropharynx. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal HPV and to determine the spatial relationship between the virus and crypt biofilm in tonsil tissue. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out using samples obtained from tonsils that were archived at a university hospital following elective nononcologic tonsillectomy from 2012 to 2015. Samples consisted of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of tumor-free tonsil tissue from 102 adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years. EXPOSURES Human papillomavirus status was assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and high-risk subtypes 16 and 18 were assessed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Samples that demonstrated presence of HPV were then analyzed by in situ hybridization to localize the viral capsid protein. These samples were then stained with concanavalin A to establish biofilm presence and morphology. These samples were also stained with diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI) to visualize location of the virus in relation to cell nuclei. These data were then assembled for aggregate analysis to colocalize HPV in the biofilm of the tonsillar crypts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcome measurements were determined prior to data collection and include prevalence of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 in tonsil tissue of otherwise healthy adults, as well as demonstration with immunohistochemistry of HPV in tonsillar crypt biofilm. RESULTS In 102 otherwise healthy adults (55 [53.9%] female; age range, 20-39 years), the overall prevalence of HPV in tonsils was 4.9% (n = 5); and high-risk type 16 or 18, 3.9% (n = 4). In this sample population, in situ hybridization colocalized HPV virus to the biofilm of the tonsillar crypts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Biofilm is present in the tonsillar crypts in a considerable proportion of tonsil tissues and may be reproducibly identified. Human papillomavirus is demonstrated to colocalize to the crypt biofilm. This has important implications with respect to the determination of HPV prevalence rates in the oropharynx. It may also play a role in the pathogenesis of HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine K. S. Rieth
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Steven R. Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Mark A. Merkley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Paul D. Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Matthew C. Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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20
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Okuda KI, Nagahori R, Yamada S, Sugimoto S, Sato C, Sato M, Iwase T, Hashimoto K, Mizunoe Y. The Composition and Structure of Biofilms Developed by Propionibacterium acnes Isolated from Cardiac Pacemaker Devices. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:182. [PMID: 29491850 PMCID: PMC5817082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to understand the biofilm formation mechanism of Propionibacterium acnes by analyzing the components and structure of the biofilms. P. acnes strains were isolated from the surface of explanted cardiac pacemaker devices that exhibited no clinical signs of infection. Culture tests using a simple stamp culture method (pressing pacemakers against the surface of agar plates) revealed frequent P. acnes colonization on the surface of cardiac pacemaker devices. P. acnes was isolated from 7/31 devices, and the isolates were categorized by multilocus sequence typing into five different sequence types (STs): ST4 (JK18.2), ST53 (JK17.1), ST69 (JK12.2 and JK13.1), ST124 (JK5.3), ST125 (JK6.2), and unknown ST (JK19.3). An in vitro biofilm formation assay using microtiter plates demonstrated that 5/7 isolates formed biofilms. Inhibitory effects of DNase I and proteinase K on biofilm formation varied among isolates. In contrast, dispersin B showed no inhibitory activity against all isolates. Three-dimensional live/dead imaging of P. acnes biofilms with different biochemical properties using confocal laser microscopy demonstrated different distributions and proportions of living and dead cells. Additionally, it was suggested that extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays a role in the formation of biofilms containing living cells. Ultrastructural analysis of P. acnes biofilms using a transmission electron microscope and atmospheric scanning electron microscope revealed leakage of cytoplasmic components along with cell lysis and fibrous structures of eDNA connecting cells. In conclusion, the biochemical properties and structures of the biofilms differed among P. acnes isolates. These findings may provide clues for establishing countermeasures against biofilm-associated infection by P. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Okuda
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nagahori
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Yamada
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mari Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Iwase
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Mizunoe
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Blioskas S, Karkos P, Psillas G, Dova S, Stavrakas M, Markou K. Factors affecting the outcome of adenoidectomy in children treated for chronic otitis media with effusion. Auris Nasus Larynx 2018; 45:952-958. [PMID: 29426724 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this cohort was to determine potential risk factors, concerning the effectiveness of adenoidectomy in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion in children. METHODS Ninety six children with chronic otitis media with effusion treated with adenoidectomy were enrolled in this study. A thorough medical history was taken, including family history of otologic disease, parental smoking habits and breast feeding history. Radiographic palatal airway size was measured preoperatively, whereas the presence of allergy was also investigated. All patients were, postoperatively, followed up for a period of two years, in three month intervals. Disease course was classified as "complete remission", "improvement" or "consistence", in every postoperative evaluation, according to strictly established criteria. RESULTS Children's age proved to be a significant factor in the postoperative outcome of adenoidectomy, as a treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion, especially when comparing patients being over and under the fifth year of age. Also, the presence of allergy, family history of otologic disease and palatal airway size, all proved to influence postoperative outcome in a statistical significant way (p<0.05). On the other hand, child's sex, passive smoking, breast feeding and previous acute otitis media infections did not seem to alter the efficacy of adenoidectomy. CONCLUSION Adenoidectomy remains a cornerstone in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion in children. Results document that young age, presence of allergy predisposition, otologic family history and small palatal airway can be important drawbacks and should be intensively sought for and taken into account, during treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarantis Blioskas
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakidi St, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Karkos
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakidi St, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Psillas
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakidi St, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatia Dova
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakidi St, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Stavrakas
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakidi St, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Markou
- 2nd Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Periferiaki Odos Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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22
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Monroy GL, Pande P, Nolan RM, Shelton RL, Porter RG, Novak MA, Spillman DR, Chaney EJ, McCormick DT, Boppart SA. Noninvasive in vivo optical coherence tomography tracking of chronic otitis media in pediatric subjects after surgical intervention. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-11. [PMID: 29275547 PMCID: PMC5745859 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In an institutional review board-approved study, 25 pediatric subjects diagnosed with chronic or recurrent otitis media were observed over a period of six months with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subjects were followed throughout their treatment at the initial patient evaluation and preoperative consultation, surgery (intraoperative imaging), and postoperative follow-up, followed by an additional six months of records-based observation. At each time point, the tympanic membrane (at the light reflex region) and directly adjacent middle-ear cavity were observed in vivo with a handheld OCT probe and portable system. Imaging results were compared with clinical outcomes to correlate the clearance of symptoms in relation to changes in the image-based features of infection. OCT images of most all participants showed the presence of additional infection-related biofilm structures during their initial consultation visit and similarly for subjects imaged intraoperatively before myringotomy. Subjects with successful treatment (no recurrence of infectious symptoms) had no additional structures visible in OCT images during the postoperative visit. OCT image findings suggest surgical intervention consisting of myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement provides a means to clear the middle ear of infection-related components, including middle-ear fluid and biofilms. Furthermore, OCT was demonstrated as a rapid diagnostic tool to prospectively monitor patients in both outpatient and surgical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L. Monroy
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryan M. Nolan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryan L. Shelton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryan G. Porter
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Michael A. Novak
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle–Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
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Dutta Sinha S, Das S, Tarafdar S, Dutta T. Monitoring of Wild Pseudomonas Biofilm Strain Conditions Using Statistical Characterization of Scanning Electron Microscopy Images. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Dutta Sinha
- Condensed Matter Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata−700032, India
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- Department of Power
Engineering, Jadavpur University, Salt Lake Campus, LB-8, Sector 3, Kolkata−700098, India
| | - Sujata Tarafdar
- Condensed Matter Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata−700032, India
| | - Tapati Dutta
- Physics Department, St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata−700016, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have attempted to identify interactions among the causes of otitis media with effusion (OME). This review discusses the interaction between allergy and infection with regard to host and environmental factors in terms of the development of OME. RECENT FINDINGS Protection of the upper airway against microbial invasion requires active interaction between the defense mechanisms of the respiratory epithelium, including innate and adaptive immunity, and mechanical factors. The impairment of these defenses due to allergy and/or increased bacterial resistance may lead to increased susceptibility to infectious organisms in the respiratory tract and middle ear mucosa. Recent genetic studies have provided valuable information about the association of Toll-like receptor signaling variations with clinical phenotypes and the risk of infection in the middle ear. Among the causal factors of OME, allergy not only induces an inflammatory reaction in the middle ear cavity but also facilitates the invasion of infectious pathogens. There is also evidence that allergy can affect the susceptibility of patients to infection of the upper respiratory tract, including the middle ear cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 180 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02559, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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25
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Shin'iseihaito (Xinyiqingfeitang) Suppresses the Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4575709. [PMID: 28567419 PMCID: PMC5439249 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4575709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the important pathogen that causes otolaryngeal diseases such as sinusitis. S. pneumoniae frequently forms the biofilm to prevent severe circumstances such as antimicrobial agents. Shin'iseihaito (xinyiqingfeitang) is a formula of Japanese traditional Kampo medicine that has 9 crude drugs and provides the medicinal usage for sinusitis. The objective of the present study is to reveal the mechanism of antibiofilm activity by Shin'iseihaito extract (SSHT). SSHT significantly inhibited the formation of biofilm from S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 in dose- and time-dependent manners. SSHT also significantly suppressed the biofilm formation by other five different cps types of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates. We found that the extracts of 8 out of 9 components in Shin'iseihaito had the inhibitory effects of biofilm formation, and the extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis had the strongest effect among the ingredients of Shin'iseihaito. We found that the capsule of SSHT-treated S. pneumoniae was significantly thinner than that of the untreated group and that SSHT reduced the hydrophobicity of bacterial cell surface. Our results suggest that Shin'iseihaito may be a useful agent for the treatment of S. pneumoniae-induced sinusitis because of the inhibition of biofilm formation of S. pneumoniae.
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26
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Schröder S, Abdel-Aziz T, Lehmann M, Ebmeyer J, Sudhoff H. [Bacteriologic investigation of the Eustachian tube and the implications of perioperative antibiotics before balloon dilation]. HNO 2016; 63:629-33. [PMID: 26303520 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty (BET) is a new minimally invasive treatment for chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Initially, perioperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin 2 × 500 mg p.o. for 5 days was administered. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial flora in the ET, nose, and pharynx in patients with chronic obstructive ETD. Additionally, we investigated the necessity of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in BET patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined 40 patients undergoing BET: 20 patients with and 20 patients without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. All patients were followed-up for clinical signs and symptoms of local infection for at least 2 weeks after surgery. Following BET, the tips of 35 balloon catheters, as well as swabs from the nose and pharynx were sent for microbiologic analysis. RESULTS None of these 40 patients had postoperative signs of infection. Of the swabs of the balloon catheters, 46% were sterile and 23% showed standard flora. The remaining 31% of swaps revealed specific bacteria. However, none of the nasal or nasopharyngeal swaps were sterile. CONCLUSION Due to the lack of signs of postoperative infection in either investigated group, the authors no longer favor use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing BET. The relevance of biofilms and pathogen colonization to ET function has recently been intensively discussed, and should be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schröder
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Klinikum Bielefeld, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Münster, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Deutschland,
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Role of bacterial biofilm in development of middle ear effusion. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:4003-4009. [PMID: 27234665 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms have been implicated in the development of several chronic upper respiratory tract infections. Role of bacterial biofilms has been well studied in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. However, its impact on development of middle ear effusion is still a matter of debate. To study the extent of surface adenoid biofilm and evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with effusion in children. The study was carried out on 40 children in Alexandria Main University Hospital between 1 and 16 years of age without sex predilection, who were divided into two groups. The first group (20 children) had otitis media with effusion associated with adenoid hypertrophy, whereas the second group (20 children) had adenoid hypertrophy without middle ear effusion. Adenoidectomy with ventilation tube insertion was done for group 1 cases, whereas, only Adenoidectomy was done for group 2 cases. The samples were processed for the detection of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy. The biofilm formation was graded according to extension. Biofilm formation was detected on all samples for group 1. Adenoids removed from patients with otitis media with effusion had higher-grade biofilm formation than the other group (P 0.0001). No correlation was found between adenoid size and biofilm formation. In pediatric population, adenoid surface biofilm formation may be involved in the pathogenesis otitis media with effusion.
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Fernández-Natal I, Sáez-Nieto J, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Valdezate-Ramos S, Parras-Padilla T, Medina M, Rodríguez-Pollán R, Blom J, Tauch A, Soriano F. Phenotypic, molecular characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility and draft genome sequence of Corynebacterium argentoratense strains isolated from clinical samples. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 10:116-21. [PMID: 26933505 PMCID: PMC4765771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During a 12-year period we isolated five Corynebacterium argentoratense strains identified by phenotypic methods, including the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was determined, and genome sequencing for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes was performed. The organisms were isolated from blood and throat cultures and could be identified by all methods used. All strains were resistant to cotrimoxazole, and resistance to β-lactams was partly present. Two strains were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. The draft genome sequences of theses isolates revealed the presence of the erm(X) resistance gene that is embedded in the genetic structure of the transposable element Tn5423. Although rarely reported as a human pathogen, C. argentoratense can be involved in bacteraemia and probably in other infections. Our results also show that horizontal transfer of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance is occurring in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Fernández-Natal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain
| | - J.A. Sáez-Nieto
- Bacterial Taxonomy Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - D. Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Q2 Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - S. Valdezate-Ramos
- Bacterial Taxonomy Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - T. Parras-Padilla
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain
| | - M.J. Medina
- Bacterial Taxonomy Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - R.H. Rodríguez-Pollán
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Spain
| | - J. Blom
- Bioinformatik und Systembiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany
| | - A. Tauch
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - F. Soriano
- Public Health, School of Physiotherapy ONCE, Madrid, Spain
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Garantziotis S, Brezina M, Castelnuovo P, Drago L. The role of hyaluronan in the pathobiology and treatment of respiratory disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L785-95. [PMID: 26747781 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00168.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a ubiquitous naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan, is a major component of the extracellular matrix, where it participates in biological processes that include water homeostasis, cell-matrix signaling, tissue healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation and migration. There are emerging data that hyaluronan and its degradation products have an important role in the pathobiology of the respiratory tract. We review the role of hyaluronan in respiratory diseases and present evidence from published literature and from clinical practice supporting hyaluronan as a novel treatment for respiratory diseases. Preliminary data show that aerosolized exogenous hyaluronan has beneficial activity against airway inflammation, protects against bronchial hyperreactivity and remodeling, and disrupts the biofilm associated with chronic infection. This suggests a role in airway diseases with a predominant inflammatory component such as rhinosinusitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. The potential for hyaluronan to complement conventional therapy will become clearer when data are available from controlled trials in larger patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
| | - Martin Brezina
- Clinic of Pediatric Pneumology and Phthisiology, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo, Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy; and
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Yadav MK, Go YY, Chae SW, Song JJ. The Small Molecule DAM Inhibitor, Pyrimidinedione, Disrupts Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm Growth In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139238. [PMID: 26431532 PMCID: PMC4592238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae persist in the human nasopharynx within organized biofilms. However, expansion to other tissues may cause severe infections such as pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia, and meningitis, especially in children and the elderly. Bacteria within biofilms possess increased tolerance to antibiotics and are able to resist host defense systems. Bacteria within biofilms exhibit different physiology, metabolism, and gene expression profiles than planktonic cells. These differences underscore the need to identify alternative therapeutic targets and novel antimicrobial compounds that are effective against pneumococcal biofilms. In bacteria, DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) alters pathogenic gene expression and catalyzes the methylation of adenine in the DNA duplex and of macromolecules during the activated methyl cycle (AMC). In pneumococci, AMC is involved in the biosynthesis of quorum sensing molecules that regulate competence and biofilm formation. In this study, we examine the effect of a small molecule Dam inhibitor, pyrimidinedione, on Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and evaluate the changes in global gene expression within biofilms via microarray analysis. The effects of pyrimidinedione on in vitro biofilms were studied using a static microtiter plate assay, and the architecture of the biofilms was viewed using confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxicity of pyrimidinedione was tested on a human middle ear epithelium cell line by CCK-8. In situ oligonucleotide microarray was used to compare the global gene expression of Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 within biofilms grown in the presence and absence of pyrimidinedione. Real-time RT-PCR was used to study gene expression. Pyrimidinedione inhibits pneumococcal biofilm growth in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, but it does not inhibit planktonic cell growth. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed the absence of organized biofilms, where cell-clumps were scattered and attached to the bottom of the plate when cells were grown in the presence of pyrimidinedione. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated the absence of an extracellular polysaccharide matrix in pyrimidinedione-grown biofilms compared to control-biofilms. Pyrimidinedione also significantly inhibited MRSA, MSSA, and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm growth in vitro. Furthermore, pyrimidinedione does not exhibit eukaryotic cell toxicity. In a microarray analysis, 56 genes were significantly up-regulated and 204 genes were significantly down-regulated. Genes involved in galactose metabolism were exclusively up-regulated in pyrimidinedione-grown biofilms. Genes related to DNA replication, cell division and the cell cycle, pathogenesis, phosphate-specific transport, signal transduction, fatty acid biosynthesis, protein folding, homeostasis, competence, and biofilm formation were down regulated in pyrimidinedione-grown biofilms. This study demonstrated that the small molecule Dam inhibitor, pyrimidinedione, inhibits pneumococcal biofilm growth in vitro at concentrations that do not inhibit planktonic cell growth and down regulates important metabolic-, virulence-, competence-, and biofilm-related genes. The identification of a small molecule (pyrimidinedione) with S. pneumoniae biofilm-inhibiting capabilities has potential for the development of new compounds that prevent biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Medical Device Clinical Trials, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Young Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Draft Genome Sequences of the Two Unrelated Macrolide-Resistant Corynebacterium argentoratense Strains CNM 463/05 and CNM 601/08, Isolated from Patients in the University Hospital of León, Spain. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/4/e00765-15. [PMID: 26159536 PMCID: PMC4498122 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00765-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium argentoratense has been associated mainly with infections in the human respiratory tract. Genome sequencing of two unrelated clinical macrolide-resistant strains, CNM 463/05 and CNM 601/08, revealed the presence of the antibiotic resistance gene erm(X) allocated to a specific genomic region with 100% similarity to the widely distributed transposable element Tn5432.
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Kosikowska U, Korona-Głowniak I, Niedzielski A, Malm A. Nasopharyngeal and Adenoid Colonization by Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in Children Undergoing Adenoidectomy and the Ability of Bacterial Isolates to Biofilm Production. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e799. [PMID: 25950686 PMCID: PMC4602522 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophili are pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria often colonizing the upper respiratory tract mucosa. The prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae (with serotypes distribution), and H. parainfluenzae in the nasopharynx and/or the adenoid core in children with recurrent pharyngotonsillitis undergoing adenoidectomy was assessed. Haemophili isolates were investigated for their ability to biofilm production.Nasopharyngeal swabs and the adenoid core were collected from 164 children who underwent adenoidectomy (2-5 years old). Bacteria were identified by the standard methods. Serotyping of H. influenzae was performed using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera. Biofilm formation was detected spectrophotometrically using 96-well microplates and 0.1% crystal violet.Ninety seven percent (159/164) children who underwent adenoidectomy were colonized by Haemophilus spp. The adenoid core was colonized in 99.4% (158/159) children, whereas the nasopharynx in 47.2% (75/159) children (P < 0.0001). In 32% (51/159) children only encapsulated (typeable) isolates of H. influenzae were identified, in 22.6% (36/159) children only (nonencapsulated) H. influenzae NTHi (nonencapsulated) isolates were present, whereas 7.5% (12/159) children were colonized by both types. 14.5% (23/159) children were colonized by untypeable (rough) H. influenzae. In 22% (35/159) children H. influenzae serotype d was isolated. Totally, 192 isolates of H. influenzae, 96 isolates of H. parainfluenzae and 14 isolates of other Haemophilus spp. were selected. In 20.1% (32/159) children 2 or 3 phenotypically different isolates of the same species (H. influenzae or H. parainfluenzae) or serotypes (H. influenzae) were identified in 1 child. 67.2% (129/192) isolates of H. influenzae, 56.3% (54/96) isolates of H. parainfluenzae and 85.7% (12/14) isolates of other Haemophilus spp. were positive for biofilm production. Statistically significant differences (P = 0.0029) among H. parainfluenzae biofilm producers and nonproducers in the adenoid core and the nasopharynx were detected.H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae carriage rate was comparatively higher in the adenoid core than that in the nasopharynx in children undergoing adenoidectomy, suggesting that their involvement in chronic adenoiditis. The growth in the biofilm seems to be an important feature of haemophili colonizing the upper respiratory tract responsible for their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kosikowska
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology With Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin (UK, IK-G, AM); Otoneurology Laboratory of III Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lublin (AN), Lublin, Poland
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Vijayakumar S, Vinoj G, Malaikozhundan B, Shanthi S, Vaseeharan B. Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and blood sucking mosquito larvae. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 137:886-891. [PMID: 25280336 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using the leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Pam-ZnO NPs). The synthesized Pam-ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, TEM and XRD analysis. TEM analysis of Pam-ZnO NPs showed the average size of about 20-50 nm. Pam-ZnO NPs control the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms (MRSA ATCC 33591) at the concentration of 8-10 μg/ml. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images revealed that Pam-ZnO NPs strongly inhibited the biofilm forming ability of S. aureus. In addition, Pam-ZnO NPs showed 100% mortality of fourth instar mosquito larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus at the concentration of 8 and 10 μg/ml. The histopathological studies of Pam-ZnO NPs treated A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus larvae revealed the presence of damaged cells and tissues in the mid-gut. The damaged tissues suffered major changes including rupture and disintegration of epithelial layer and cellular vacuolization. The present study conclude that Pam-ZnO NPs showed effective control of S. aureus biofilms and mosquito larvae by damaging the mid gut cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vijayakumar
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Vinoj
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Malaikozhundan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Shanthi
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Monroy GL, Shelton RL, Nolan RM, Nguyen CT, Novak MA, Hill MC, McCormick DT, Boppart SA. Noninvasive depth-resolved optical measurements of the tympanic membrane and middle ear for differentiating otitis media. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:E276-82. [PMID: 25599652 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to noninvasively and quantitatively determine tympanic membrane (TM) thickness and the presence and thickness of any middle-ear biofilm located behind the TM. These new metrics offer the potential to differentiate normal, acute, and chronic otitis media (OM) infections in pediatric subjects. STUDY DESIGN Case series with comparison group. METHODS The TM thickness of 34 pediatric subjects was acquired using a custom-built, handheld OCT system following a traditional otoscopic ear exam. RESULTS Overall thickness (TM and any associated biofilm) was shown to be statistically different for normal, acute, and chronic infection groups (normal-acute and normal-chronic: P value < 0.001; acute-chronic: P value = 0.0016). Almost all observed scans from the chronic group had an accompanying biofilm structure. When the thickness of the TM and biofilm were considered separately in chronic OM, the chronic TM thickness correlated with the normal group (P value = 0.68) yet was still distinct from the acute OM group (P value < 0.001), indicating that the TM in chronic OM returns to relatively normal thickness levels. CONCLUSION Identifying these physical changes in vivo provides new metrics for noninvasively and quantitatively differentiating normal, acute, and chronic OM. This new diagnostic information has the potential to assist physicians to more effectively and efficiently screen, manage, and refer patients based on quantitative data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo L Monroy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Ryan L Shelton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Ryan M Nolan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Cac T Nguyen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Michael A Novak
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Malcolm C Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Department of Pediatrics, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Daniel T McCormick
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Advanced MEMS, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
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Gowrishankar S, Kamaladevi A, Ayyanar KS, Balamurugan K, Pandian SK. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-secreted cyclic dipeptide – cyclo(l-leucyl-l-prolyl) inhibits biofilm and virulence production in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11641d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the inhibitory efficacy of cyclo(l-leucyl-l-prolyl) (CLP), a cyclic dipeptide fromBacillus amyloliquefacienson the biofilm and virulence production of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arumugam Kamaladevi
- Department of Biotechnology
- Alagappa University
- Science Campus
- Karaikudi – 630 004
- India
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Sinefungin, a natural nucleoside analogue of S-adenosylmethionine, inhibits Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm growth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:156987. [PMID: 25050323 PMCID: PMC4094849 DOI: 10.1155/2014/156987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pneumococcal colonization and disease is often associated with biofilm formation, in which the bacteria exhibit elevated resistance both to antibiotics and to host defense systems, often resulting in infections that are persistent and difficult to treat. We evaluated the effect of sinefungin, a nucleoside analogue of S-adenosylmethionine, on pneumococcal in vitro biofilm formation and in vivo colonization. Sinefungin is bacteriostatic to pneumococci and significantly decreased biofilm growth and inhibited proliferation and structure of actively growing biofilms but did not alter growth or the matrix structure of established biofilms. Sinefungin significantly reduced pneumococcal colonization in rat middle ear. The quorum sensing molecule (autoinducer-2) production was significantly reduced by 92% in sinefungin treated samples. The luxS, pfs, and speE genes were downregulated in biofilms grown in the presence of sinefungin. This study shows that sinefungin inhibits pneumococcal biofilm growth in vitro and colonization in vivo, decreases AI-2 production, and downregulates luxS, pfs, and speE gene expressions. Therefore, the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) inhibitors could be used as lead compounds for the development of novel antibiofilm agents against pneumococci.
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Sollid J, Furberg A, Hanssen A, Johannessen M. Staphylococcus aureus: Determinants of human carriage. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 21:531-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Investigation of the presence of biofilms in chronic suppurative otitis media, nonsuppurative otitis media, and chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma by scanning electron microscopy. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:638715. [PMID: 24288500 PMCID: PMC3826458 DOI: 10.1155/2013/638715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biofilms have been shown to play a major role in the pathogenesis of otolaryngologic infections. However, very limited studies have been undertaken to demonstrate the presence of biofilms in tissues from patients with chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. Our objective is to study the presence of biofilms in humans with chronic suppurative and nonsuppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma. Study Design. In all, 102 tissue specimens (middle ear, mastoid tissue, and ossicle samples) were collected during surgery from 34 patients. METHODS The samples were processed for the investigation of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Our research supports the hypothesis in which biofilms are involved in chronic suppurative otitis media, cholesteatoma, and, to a lesser degree, chronic nonsuppurative otitis media. There were higher rates in hypertrophic and granulated tissue samples than in normal mucosa. In addition, the presence of biofilms was significantly higher in the middle ear mucosa compared with the mastoid and ossicle samples. CONCLUSION In the clinic, the careful use of topical or systemic antimicrobials is essential, and, during surgery, hypertrophic tissue must be carefully removed from normal tissue.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation is strain dependent, multifactorial, and associated with reduced invasiveness and immunoreactivity during colonization. mBio 2013; 4:e00745-13. [PMID: 24129258 PMCID: PMC3812715 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00745-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biofilms are thought to play an important role during colonization of the nasopharynx by Streptococcus pneumoniae, yet how they form in vivo and the determinants responsible remain unknown. Using scanning electron microscopy, we show that biofilm aggregates of increasing complexity form on murine nasal septa following intranasal inoculation. These biofilms were highly distinct from in vitro biofilms, as they were discontiguous and appeared to incorporate nonbacterial components such as intact host cells. Biofilms initially formed on the surface of ciliated epithelial cells and, as cells were sloughed off, were found on the basement membrane. The size and number of biofilm aggregates within nasal lavage fluid were digitally quantitated and revealed strain-specific capabilities that loosely correlated with the ability to form robust in vitro biofilms. We tested the ability of isogenic mutants deficient in CbpA, pneumolysin, hydrogen peroxide, LytA, LuxS, CiaR/H, and PsrP to form biofilms within the nasopharynx. This analysis revealed that CiaR/H was absolutely required for colonization, that PsrP and SpxB strongly impacted aggregate formation, and that other determinants affected aggregate morphology in a modest fashion. We determined that mice colonized with ΔpsrP mutants had greater levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and KC in nasal lavage fluid than did mice colonized with wild-type controls. This phenotype correlated with a diminished capacity of biofilm pneumococci to invade host cells in vitro despite enhanced attachment. Our results show that biofilms form during colonization and suggest that they may contribute to persistence through a hyperadhesive, noninvasive state that elicits a dampened cytokine response. IMPORTANCE This work demonstrates the first temporal characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation in vivo. Our results show that the morphology of biofilms formed by both invasive and noninvasive clinical isolates in vivo is distinct from that of formed biofilms in vitro, yet propensity to form biofilms in vivo loosely correlates with the degree of in vitro biofilm formation on a microtiter plate. We show that host components, including intact host cells, influence the formation of in vivo structures. We also found that efficient biofilm formation in vivo requires multiple bacterial determinants. While some factors are essential for in vivo biofilm formation (CiaRH, PsrP, and SpxB), other factors are less critical (CbpA, LytA, LuxS, and pneumolysin). In comparison to their planktonic counterparts, biofilm pneumococci are hyperadhesive but less invasive and elicit a weaker proinflammatory cytokine response. These findings give insight into the requirements for and potential role of biofilms during prolonged asymptomatic colonization.
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Whole-Genome Sequence of the Clinical Strain Corynebacterium argentoratense DSM 44202, Isolated from a Human Throat Specimen. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/5/e00793-13. [PMID: 24092787 PMCID: PMC3790091 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00793-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium argentoratense is part of the human skin microbiota and is occasionally detected in the upper respiratory tract of patients suffering from tonsillitis. The complete DNA sequence of the type strain DSM 44202 comprises 2,031,902 bp, yielding the smallest genome sequenced thus far for a corynebacterium associated with humans.
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Microbiological profile of adenoid hypertrophy correlates to clinical diagnosis in children. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:629607. [PMID: 24175295 PMCID: PMC3794625 DOI: 10.1155/2013/629607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Adenoid hypertrophy is a common condition in childhood, which may be associated with recurring acute otitis media (RAOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). These different clinical characteristics have some clinical overlap; however, they might be explained by distinct immunologic and infectious profiles and result in various histopathologic findings of adenoid specimens. Methods. A total of 59 children with adenoid hypertrophy undergoing adenoidectomy were studied. Three series of identical adenoid specimens were processed to hematoxylin-eosin (H.E.) and Gram staining and to respiratory virus specific real-time PCR, respectively. Results. According to the clinical characteristics, patients were recruited into three groups: RAOM (n = 25), OME (n = 19), and OSAS (n = 15). Bacterial biofilms were detected in 21 cases, while at least one of the studied respiratory viruses was detected in 52 specimens. RAOM cases were significantly associated with biofilm existence (n = 20, P < 0.001). In contrast, OME group was characterized by the absence of bacterial biofilm and by normal mucosa. Showing a statistically significant correlation, all OME cases were positive for human bocavirus (HBoV, P < 0.001). Conclusions. Bacterial biofilms might contribute to the damage of respiratory epithelium and recurring acute infections resulting in RAOM. In OME cases persisting respiratory viruses, mainly HBoV, can cause subsequent lymphoid hyperplasia leading to ventilation disorders and impaired immunoreactivity of the middle ear cleft.
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Effects of bacteriocins on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5572-9. [PMID: 23979748 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00888-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of biofilms formed by microbial pathogens is an important subject for medical researchers, since the development of biofilms on foreign-body surfaces often causes biofilm-associated infections in patients with indwelling medical devices. The present study examined the effects of different kinds of bacteriocins, which are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by certain bacteria, on biofilms formed by a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The activities and modes of action of three bacteriocins with different structures (nisin A, lacticin Q, and nukacin ISK-1) were evaluated. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of MRSA infections, showed bactericidal activity against planktonic cells but not against biofilm cells. Among the tested bacteriocins, nisin A showed the highest bactericidal activity against both planktonic cells and biofilm cells. Lacticin Q also showed bactericidal activity against both planktonic cells and biofilm cells, but its activity against biofilm cells was significantly lower than that of nisin A. Nukacin ISK-1 showed bacteriostatic activity against planktonic cells and did not show bactericidal activity against biofilm cells. Mode-of-action studies indicated that pore formation leading to ATP efflux is important for the bactericidal activity against biofilm cells. Our results suggest that bacteriocins that form stable pores on biofilm cells are highly potent for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections.
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Yadav MK, Park SW, Chae SW, Song JJ, Kim HC. Antimicrobial activities ofEugenia caryophyllataextract and its major chemical constituent eugenol againstStreptococcus pneumoniae. APMIS 2013; 121:1198-206. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; Goyang Gyeonggi South Korea
| | - Seok-Won Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; Goyang Gyeonggi South Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Korea University College of Medicine; Seongnam Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; Goyang Gyeonggi South Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kim
- Department of Radiological Science; Eulji University; Seongnam Seoul South Korea
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Cayé-Thomasen P, Hermansson A, Bakaletz L, Hellstrøm S, Kanzaki S, Kerschner J, Lim D, Lin J, Mason K, Spratley J. Panel 3: Recent advances in anatomy, pathology, and cell biology in relation to otitis media pathogenesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:E37-51. [PMID: 23536531 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813476257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The pathogenesis of otitis media (OM) involves a number of factors related to the anatomy, pathology, and cell biology of the middle ear, the mastoid, the Eustachian tube, and the nasopharynx. Although some issues of pathogenesis are fairly well established, others are only marginally indicated by current knowledge, and yet others remain undisclosed. The objective of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review on recent scientific achievements in the pathogenesis of OM, as related to anatomy, pathology, and cell biology. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Library. REVIEW METHODS Articles published on the pathogenesis of OM and the anatomy, pathology, and cell biology of the middle ear, the mastoid, the Eustachian tube, and the nasopharynx between January 2007 and June 2011 were identified. Among almost 1900 abstracts, the authors selected 130 articles for full article review and inclusion in this report. RESULTS New knowledge on a number of issues emerged, including cell-specific expression and function of fluid transportation and innate immune system molecules, mucous cell metaplasia, mucin expression, bacterial adherence, and epithelial internalization, as well as the occurrence, composition, dynamics, and potential role of bacterial biofilm. In addition, the potential role of gastroesophageal reflux disease and cigarette smoke exposure has been explored further. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Over the past 4 years, considerable scientific progress has been made on the pathogenesis of OM, as related to issues of anatomy, pathology, and cell biology. Based on these new achievements and a sustained lack of essential knowledge, suggestions for future research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Cayé-Thomasen
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Reduced vancomycin susceptibility in an in vitro catheter-related biofilm model correlates with poor therapeutic outcomes in experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:1447-54. [PMID: 23295925 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02073-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of endovascular infections, including catheter sepsis and infective endocarditis (IE). Vancomycin (VAN) is the primary choice for treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. However, high rates of VAN treatment failure in MRSA infections caused by VAN-susceptible strains have been increasingly reported. Biofilm-associated MRSA infections are especially prone to clinical antibiotic failure. The present studies examined potential relationships between MRSA susceptibility to VAN in biofilms in vitro and nonsusceptibility to VAN in endovascular infection in vivo. Using 10 "VAN-susceptible" MRSA bloodstream isolates previously investigated for VAN responsiveness in experimental IE, we studied the mechanism(s) of such in vivo VAN resistance, including: (i) VAN binding to MRSA organisms; (ii) the impact of VAN on biofilm formation and biofilm composition; (iii) VAN efficacy in an in vitro catheter-related biofilm model; (iv) effects on cell wall thickness. As a group, the five strains previously categorized as VAN nonresponders (non-Rsp) in the experimental IE model differed from the five responders (Rsp) in terms of lower VAN binding, increased biofilm formation, higher survival in the presence of VAN within biofilms in the presence or absence of catheters, and greater biofilm reduction upon proteinase K treatment. Interestingly, sub-MICs of VAN significantly promoted biofilm formation only in the non-Rsp isolates. Cell wall thickness was similar among all MRSA strains. These results suggest that sublethal VAN levels that induce biofilm formation and reduce efficacy of VAN in the in vitro catheter-associated biofilms may contribute to suboptimal treatment outcomes for endovascular infections caused by "VAN-susceptible" MRSA strains.
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Griffin JW, Guillot SJ, Redick JA, Browne JA. Removed antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers in two-stage revision joint arthroplasty do not show biofilm formation in vivo. J Arthroplasty 2012; 27:1796-9. [PMID: 23146367 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of antibiotic-impregnated spacers is common in the two-stage approach to treatment of periprosthetic joint infection despite the lack of information regarding in vivo performance of these implants. Antibiotic elution levels likely often fall below the minimal inhibitory concentration need to inhibit bacterial growth, raising concern that the spacers themselves may provide a potential attachment site for biofilm formation. Advanced microscopy was used in this study to evaluate the surface characteristics of antibiotic-eluting spacers collected at the time of prosthesis reimplantation from 6 patients undergoing two-stage treatment for an infected total joint arthroplasty. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning microscopy of the removed spacers revealed modest fibrous matrix formation and inflammatory cells with no biofilm or bacteria detected. This study supports the continued use of antibiotic spacers in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Griffin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Coral-Associated Bacteria as a Promising Antibiofilm Agent against Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:862374. [PMID: 22988476 PMCID: PMC3439993 DOI: 10.1155/2012/862374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study deals with the evaluation of two coral-associated bacterial (CAB) extracts to inhibit the biofilm synthesis in vitro as well as the virulence production like hemolysin and exopolysaccharide (EPS), and also to assess their ability to modify the adhesion properties, that is cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Out of nine CAB screened, the ethyl acetate extract of CAB-E2 (Bacillus firmus) and CAB-E4 (Vibrio parahemolyticus) have shown excellent antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. CAB-E2 reduced the production of EPS (57–79%) and hemolysin (43–70%), which ultimately resulted in the significant inhibition of biofilms (80–87%) formed by both MRSA and MSSA. Similarly, CAB-E4 was also found to decrease the production of EPS (43–57%), hemolysin (43–57%) and biofilms (80–85%) of test pathogens. CLSM analysis also proved the antibiofilm efficacy of CAB extracts. Furthermore, the CAB extracts strongly decreased the CSH of S. aureus. Additionally, FT-IR analysis of S. aureus treated with CAB extracts evidenced the reduction in cellular components compared to their respective controls. Thus, the present study reports for the first time, B. firmus—a coral-associated bacterium, as a promising source of antibiofilm agent against the recalcitrant biofilms formed by multidrug resistant S. aureus.
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MILLEZI F, PEREIRA M, BATISTA N, CAMARGOS N, AUAD I, CARDOSO M, PICCOLI R. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MONOSPECIES AND DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI TO ESSENTIAL OILS. J Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2012.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Blanchette KA, Orihuela CJ. Future perspective on host-pathogen interactions during bacterial biofilm formation within the nasopharynx. Future Microbiol 2012; 7:227-39. [PMID: 22324992 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal colonization provides bacteria with a place of residence, a platform for person-to-person transmission and for many opportunistic pathogens it is a prerequisite event towards the development of invasive disease. Therefore, how host factors within the nasopharynx contribute to, inhibit or otherwise shape biofilm formation, the primary mode of existence for colonizing bacteria, and how biofilm bacteria subvert the acute inflammatory response that facilitates clearance, are important topics for future microbiological research. This review proposes the examination of host components as bridging molecules for bacterial interactions during biofilm formation, altered virulence determinant production and cell wall modification as a mechanism for immunoquiescence, and the role of host factors as signals and co-opted mechanisms for bacterial dissemination, together providing an opportunity for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle A Blanchette
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC7758, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Drago L, De Vecchi E, Torretta S, Mattina R, Marchisio P, Pignataro L. Biofilm formation by bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract before and after adenotonsillectomy. APMIS 2011; 120:410-6. [PMID: 22515296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Failure of antibiotics to eradicate the microbial pathogens primarily responsible for otorhinolaryngological diseases has led to the hypothesis that these microorganisms may be structured in a biolfilm. Aim of the study was to evaluate the ability to produce biofilm among bacteria isolated from tonsils and/or adenoids and nasopharynx. Biopsies and swabs were collected during surgery and after 3 and 6 months in 32 children undergoing adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. Production of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae was evaluated in vitro by means of spectrophotometry after growth in microplates and staining with crystalviolet. Of the isolates from intraoperative samples, 44.7% were either moderate or strong biofilm producers compared with 27% of isolates at 6 months after surgery. A decrease in biofilm production was observed for H. influenzae and S. aureus. In conclusion, the rate of isolation and ability to form biofilm decreased in bacteria isolated subsequent to adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. This suggests a role for biofilm in pathogenesis of recurrent and chronic pharyngeal diseases and rhinopharingitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute, Milan, Italy.
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