1
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Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Pascual-Morena C, Martínez-García I, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Moreno-Herráiz N, Martínez-Rodrigo A. Early vascular aging as an index of cardiovascular risk in healthy adults: confirmatory factor analysis from the EVasCu study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:209. [PMID: 37592251 PMCID: PMC10436435 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of early vascular aging (EVA) represents a potentially beneficial model for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the early manifestations of cardiovascular disease. For this reason, the aims of this study were to verify by confirmatory factor analysis the concept of EVA on a single factor based on vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters in a healthy adult population and to develop a statistical model to estimate the EVA index from variables collected in a dataset to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: healthy vascular aging (HVA) and EVA. METHODS The EVasCu study, a cross-sectional study, was based on data obtained from 390 healthy adults. To examine the construct validity of a single-factor model to measure accelerated vascular aging, different models including vascular, clinical and biochemical parameters were examined. In addition, unsupervised clustering techniques (using both K-means and hierarchical methods) were used to identify groups of patients sharing similar characteristics in terms of the analysed variables to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups: HVA and EVA. RESULTS Our data show that a single-factor model including pulse pressure, glycated hemoglobin A1c, pulse wave velocity and advanced glycation end products shows the best construct validity for the EVA index. The optimal value of the risk groups to separate patients is K = 2 (HVA and EVA). CONCLUSIONS The EVA index proved to be an adequate model to classify patients into different cardiovascular risk groups, which could be valuable in guiding future preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la Republica, 40000, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Nerea Moreno-Herráiz
- Health and Social Research Center, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo
- Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical, and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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2
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Epigenomic and Other Evidence for Cannabis-Induced Aging Contextualized in a Synthetic Epidemiologic Overview of Cannabinoid-Related Teratogenesis and Cannabinoid-Related Carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416721. [PMID: 36554603 PMCID: PMC9778714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twelve separate streams of empirical data make a strong case for cannabis-induced accelerated aging including hormonal, mitochondriopathic, cardiovascular, hepatotoxic, immunological, genotoxic, epigenotoxic, disruption of chromosomal physiology, congenital anomalies, cancers including inheritable tumorigenesis, telomerase inhibition and elevated mortality. METHODS Results from a recently published longitudinal epigenomic screen were analyzed with regard to the results of recent large epidemiological studies of the causal impacts of cannabis. We also integrate theoretical syntheses with prior studies into these combined epigenomic and epidemiological results. RESULTS Cannabis dependence not only recapitulates many of the key features of aging, but is characterized by both age-defining and age-generating illnesses including immunomodulation, hepatic inflammation, many psychiatric syndromes with a neuroinflammatory basis, genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity. DNA breaks, chromosomal breakage-fusion-bridge morphologies and likely cycles, and altered intergenerational DNA methylation and disruption of both the histone and tubulin codes in the context of increased clinical congenital anomalies, cancers and heritable tumors imply widespread disruption of the genome and epigenome. Modern epigenomic clocks indicate that, in cannabis-dependent patients, cannabis advances cellular DNA methylation age by 25-30% at age 30 years. Data have implications not only for somatic but also stem cell and germ line tissues including post-fertilization zygotes. This effect is likely increases with the square of chronological age. CONCLUSION Recent epigenomic studies of cannabis exposure provide many explanations for the broad spectrum of cannabis-related teratogenicity and carcinogenicity and appear to account for many epidemiologically observed findings. Further research is indicated on the role of cannabinoids in the aging process both developmentally and longitudinally, from stem cell to germ cell to blastocystoids to embryoid bodies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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3
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Zhang A, Luo X, Pan H, Shen X, Liu B, Li D, Sun J. Establishment and evaluation of a risk-prediction model for hypertension in elderly patients with NAFLD from a health management perspective. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15138. [PMID: 36071077 PMCID: PMC9452675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are at a higher risk of developing. This study established an effective, individualised, early Hypertension risk-prediction model and proposed health management advice for patients over 60 years of age with NAFLD. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and biochemical tests were conducted in 11,136 participants. The prevalence of NAFLD among 11,136 participants was 52.1%. Risk factors were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model and random forest model. A risk-prediction model was established using logistic regression analysis and a dynamic nomogram was drawn. The model was evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis, net reclassification index (NRI), and external validation. The results suggested that the model showed moderate predictive ability. The area under curve (AUC) of internal validation was 0.707 (95% CI: 0.688-0.727) and the AUC of external validation was 0.688 (95% CI: 0.672-0.705). The calibration plots showed good calibration, the risk threshold of the decision curve was 30-56%, and the NRI value was 0.109. This Hypertension risk factor model may be used in clinical practice to predict the Hypertension risk in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Shen
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Zhangjiang Community Health Service Centers, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jijia Sun
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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4
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Ruotsalainen SE, Surakka I, Mars N, Karjalainen J, Kurki M, Kanai M, Krebs K, Graham S, Mishra PP, Mishra BH, Sinisalo J, Palta P, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Milani L, Okada Y, Palotie A, Widen E, Daly MJ, Ripatti S. Inframe insertion and splice site variants in MFGE8 associate with protection against coronary atherosclerosis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:802. [PMID: 35978133 PMCID: PMC9385630 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability worldwide, with both genetic and environmental determinants. While genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic loci associated with cardiovascular diseases, exact genes driving these associations remain mostly uncovered. Due to Finland’s population history, many deleterious and high-impact variants are enriched in the Finnish population giving a possibility to find genetic associations for protein-truncating variants that likely tie the association to a gene and that would not be detected elsewhere. In a large Finnish biobank study FinnGen, we identified an association between an inframe insertion rs534125149 in MFGE8 (encoding lactadherin) and protection against coronary atherosclerosis. This variant is highly enriched in Finland, and the protective association was replicated in meta-analysis of BioBank Japan and Estonian biobank. Additionally, we identified a protective association between splice acceptor variant rs201988637 in MFGE8 and coronary atherosclerosis, independent of the rs534125149, with no significant risk-increasing associations. This variant was also associated with lower pulse pressure, pointing towards a function of MFGE8 in arterial aging also in humans in addition to previous evidence in mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibiting the production of lactadherin could lower the risk for coronary heart disease substantially. A genome-wide association study identifies MFGE8 as protective against coronary atherosclerosis in European and East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mitja Kurki
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Masfsachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sarah Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Priit Palta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Masfsachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Reumatologia 2022; 60:165-172. [PMID: 35875719 PMCID: PMC9301661 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2022.117836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by early atherothrombosis. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a promising tool for the diagnosis of early vascular remodelling and initial atherosclerotic plaque formation. Our objective was to evaluate PWV and its relationship with coronary atherosclerosis and thrombotic biomarkers in patients with SLE. Material and methods In 26 patients with SLE with stable clinical conditions, mean age of 39.1 ±11.7 years and without a history of coronary artery disease, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)-based coronary calcium scoring (CACS) was performed and PWV measured. Laboratory evaluation included serum levels of anticardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein antibodies (anti-β2-GPI), lupus anticoagulant (LA), D-dimers, thrombin–antithrombin complexes (TAT), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Results Multidetector computed tomography revealed coronary calcifications in 8 (30.8%) patients and the median CACS was 52.4 HU (range 2–843.2). The mean PWV was 9.0 ±3.2 m/s and was higher in patients aged > 50 years (+33.7% vs. < 50 years), those with positive LA (+28.2% vs. LA negative), TAT ≥ 10 μg/l (+18.1% vs. < 10 μg/l), vWF ≥ 200 IU/dl (+51.8% vs. < 200 IU/dl) and with coronary atherosclerosis (CACS > 0; +21.4% vs. CACS = 0). In contrast, the duration of the disease, D-dimers, anticardiolipin, and anti-β2-GPI antibodies did not influence PWV. In the group without atherosclerosis (CACS = 0, n =18), patients with vWF ≥ 200 IU/dl had a 19.3% higher PWV compared to the rest. Conclusions In patients with SLE, PWV was associated with the presence of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in MDCT. Furthermore, arterial stiffness was higher in patients with markers of endothelial dysfunction and a prothrombotic state, suggesting their contribution to the early stages of arterial remodelling in SLE.
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6
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New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis: Mechanisms Involved in Maintaining Vascular Inflammation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102905. [PMID: 35629030 PMCID: PMC9143803 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The giant cell arteritis (GCA) pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial, involving a predisposing genetic background, the role of immune aging and the activation of vascular dendritic cells by an unknown trigger. Once activated, dendritic cells recruit CD4 T cells and induce their activation, proliferation and polarization into Th1 and Th17, which produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), respectively. IFN-γ triggers the production of chemokines by vascular smooth muscle cells, which leads to the recruitment of additional CD4 and CD8 T cells and also monocytes that differentiate into macrophages. Recent data have shown that IL-17, IFN-γ and GM-CSF induce the differentiation of macrophage subpopulations, which play a role in the destruction of the arterial wall, in neoangiogenesis or intimal hyperplasia. Under the influence of different mediators, mainly endothelin-1 and PDGF, vascular smooth muscle cells migrate to the intima, proliferate and change their phenotype to become myofibroblasts that further proliferate and produce extracellular matrix proteins, increasing the vascular stenosis. In addition, several defects in the immune regulatory mechanisms probably contribute to chronic vascular inflammation in GCA: a defect in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, a quantitative and qualitative Treg deficiency, the implication of resident cells, the role of GM-CSF and IL-6, the implication of the NOTCH pathway and the role of mucosal‑associated invariant T cells and tissue‑resident memory T cells.
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7
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Baban B, Khodadadi H, Salles ÉL, Costigliola V, Morgan JC, Hess DC, Vaibhav K, Dhandapani KM, Yu JC. Inflammaging and Cannabinoids. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101487. [PMID: 34662745 PMCID: PMC8662707 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon associated with a wide spectrum of physical and physiological changes affecting every part of all metazoans, if they escape death prior to reaching maturity. Critical to survival, the immune system evolved as the principal component of response to injury and defense against pathogen invasions. Because how significantly immune system affects and is affected by aging, several neologisms now appear to encapsulate these reciprocal relationships, such as Immunosenescence. The central part of Immunosenescence is Inflammaging -a sustained, low-grade, sterile inflammation occurring after reaching reproductive prime. Once initiated, the impact of Inflammaging and its adverse effects determine the direction and magnitudes of further Inflammaging. In this article, we review the nature of this vicious cycle, we will propose that phytocannabinoids as immune regulators may possess the potential as effective adjunctive therapies to slow and, in certain cases, reverse the pathologic senescence to permit a more healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, DCG Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation (CERSI), Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Excellence in Research, Scholarship and Innovation, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - John C Morgan
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Movement Disorders, Program, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jack C Yu
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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8
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are now considered important contributors to the pathophysiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening in aging. Here, we review mechanisms whereby VSMC stiffening alters vascular function and contributes to the changes in vascular stiffening observed in aging and cardiovascular disease. Vascular stiffening in arterial aging was historically associated with changes in the extracellular matrix; however, new evidence suggests that endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness also contribute to overall blood vessel stiffness. Furthermore, VSMC play an integral role in regulating matrix deposition and vessel wall contractility via interaction between the actomyosin contractile unit and adhesion structures that anchor the cell within the extracellular matrix. Aged-induce phenotypic modulation of VSMC from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype is associated with decreased cellular contractility and increased cell stiffness. Aged VSMC also display reduced mechanosensitivity and adaptation to mechanical signals from their microenvironment due to impaired intracellular signaling. Finally, evidence for decreased contractility in arteries from aged animals demonstrate that changes at the cellular level result in decreased functional properties at the tissue level.
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9
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Lunder M, Janić M, Šabovič M. Treating Arterial Ageing in Patients with Diabetes: From Mechanisms to Effective Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062796. [PMID: 33801956 PMCID: PMC8001638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major healthcare problem. It is not only characterized by hyperglycemia and chronic complications, but in longer lasting diabetes and a longer living population, it is also associated with accelerated arterial ageing, which importantly contributes to cardiovascular complications. The accelerated arterial ageing in patients with diabetes should be considered separately from arterial ageing in patients without diabetes. Basic and clinical research have allowed better insight into the mechanisms of arterial ageing. In a simplified mechanistic way, it could be considered that the three tightly connected cornerstone characteristics of arterial ageing in patients with diabetes are: phenotypic presentation as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, and the underlying basic ageing-facilitating mechanism represented as the impaired expression of genetic longevity pathways. Currently, specific drugs for preventing/treating arterial ageing are not available. Therefore, we aimed to review the capacity of available drugs, particularly antidiabetic drugs, to interfere with the arterial ageing process. In the near future, these characteristics could help to guide therapy in patients with diabetes. Overall, it appears that arterial ageing could become a new target in diabetes. The expanding knowledge regarding the capability of antidiabetic drugs and other available drugs to inhibit/delay arterial aging is therefore essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Lunder
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.L.); (M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miodrag Janić
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.L.); (M.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-15228032; Fax: +386-15228070
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10
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Chen Z, Xiong ZF, Liu X. Research progress on the interaction between circadian clock and early vascular aging. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111241. [PMID: 33453324 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable researches implicate that the circadian clock regulates the responsive rhythms of organs and sets the orderly aging process of cells indirectly. It influences an array of diverse biological process including intestinal flora, peripheral inflammatory responses, and redox homeostasis. People with sleep disoders and other kinds of circadian disruptions are prone to have vascular aging earlier. Meanwhile, those people are always faced with chronic vascular inflammation. It has not been elucidated that the specific mechanism of the interaction between the circadian system and early vascular aging. To explore the biphasic relationship between vascular aging and the circadian system, we summarize what is linking circadian clock with early vascular aging through four major prospect: inflammatory process, oxidative stress response, intestinal flora, and cellular senescence. Meanwhile, we discuss the hypothesis that the deterioration of circadian rhythms may exacerbate the process of early vascular aging, leading to the cardiovascular diseases. It will help us to provide new ideas for understanding the process of vascular aging and exploring the possible ways to design personalized chronotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Xiangjie Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China.
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11
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Lee HY, Lim S, Park S. Role of Inflammation in Arterial Calcification. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:114-125. [PMID: 33525066 PMCID: PMC7853899 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification, characterized by calcium phosphate deposition in the arteries, can be divided into intimal calcification and medial calcification. The former is the predominant form of calcification in coronary artery plaques; the latter mostly affects peripheral arteries and aortas. Both forms of arterial calcification have strong correlations with adverse cardiovascular events. Intimal microcalcification is associated with increased risk of plaque disruption while the degree of burden of coronary calcification, measured by coronary calcium score, is a marker of overall plaque burden. Continuous research on vascular calcification has been performed during the past few decades, and several cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets were identified. However, despite clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of drug therapies to treat vascular calcification, none have been shown to have efficacy until the present. Therefore, more extensive research is necessary to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies based on a thorough understanding of vascular calcification. In this review, we mainly focus on intimal calcification, namely the pathobiology of arterial calcification, and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital and Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Ni YQ, Zhan JK, Liu YS. Roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101176. [PMID: 32971257 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the vasculature plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of various vascular aging-related diseases. As endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential parts in the inner and medial layers of vessel wall, respectively, the structural and functional alterations of ECs and VSMCs are the major causes of vascular aging. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a multifunctional glycoprotein which exerts a regulatory role in the intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that MFG-E8 is a novel and outstanding modulator for vascular aging via targeting at ECs and VSMCs. In this review, we will summarise the cumulative roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases with special emphasis on the functions of ECs and VSMCs. In addition, we also aim to focus on the promising diagnostic function as a biomarker and the potential therapeutic application of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and the clinical evaluation of vascular aging-related diseases.
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13
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Ding Q, Shao C, Rose P, Zhu YZ. Epigenetics and Vascular Senescence-Potential New Therapeutic Targets? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:535395. [PMID: 33101015 PMCID: PMC7556287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.535395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is defined as the heritable alterations of gene expression without changes to the coding sequence of DNA. These alterations are mediated by processes including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs mechanisms. Vascular aging consists of both structural and functional changes in the vasculature including pathological processes that drive progression such as vascular cell senescence, inflammation, oxidation stress, and calcification. As humans age, these pathological conditions gradually accumulate, driven by epigenetic alterations, and are linked to various aging-related diseases. The development of drugs targeting a spectrum of epigenetic processes therefore offers novel treatment strategies for the targeting of age-related diseases. In our previous studies, we identified HDAC4, JMJD3, Fra-1, and GATA4 as potential pharmacological targets for regulating vascular inflammation, injury, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunhong Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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14
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Liberale L, Camici GG. The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3098-3111. [PMID: 31470777 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190830175424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Wang M, Monticone RE, McGraw KR. Proinflammation, profibrosis, and arterial aging. Aging Med (Milton) 2020; 3:159-168. [PMID: 33103036 PMCID: PMC7574637 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for quintessential cardiovascular diseases, which are closely related to arterial proinflammation. The age-related alterations of the amount, distribution, and properties of the collagen fibers, such as cross-links and degradation in the arterial wall, are the major sequelae of proinflammation. In the aging arterial wall, collagen types I, II, and III are predominant, and are mainly produced by stiffened vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) governed by proinflammatory signaling, leading to profibrosis. Profibrosis is regulated by an increase in the proinflammatory molecules angiotensin II, milk fat globule-EGF-VIII, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling and a decrease in the vasorin signaling cascade. The release of these proinflammatory factors triggers the activation of matrix metalloproteinase type II (MMP-2) and activates profibrogenic TGF-β1 signaling, contributing to profibrosis. The age-associated increase in activated MMP-2 cleaves latent TGF-β and subsequently increases TGF-β1 activity leading to collagen deposition in the arterial wall. Furthermore, a blockade of the proinflammatory signaling pathway alleviates the fibrogenic signaling, reduces profibrosis, and prevents arterial stiffening with aging. Thus, age-associated proinflammatory-profibrosis coupling is the underlying molecular mechanism of arterial stiffening with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
| | - Robert E Monticone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
| | - Kimberly R McGraw
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore Maryland
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16
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Abstract
Aging of the vasculature plays a central role in morbidity and mortality of older people. To develop novel treatments for amelioration of unsuccessful vascular aging and prevention of age-related vascular pathologies, it is essential to understand the cellular and functional changes that occur in the vasculature during aging. In this review, the pathophysiological roles of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired resistance to molecular stressors, chronic low-grade inflammation, genomic instability, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, loss of protein homeostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, and stem cell dysfunction in the vascular system are considered in terms of their contribution to the pathogenesis of both microvascular and macrovascular diseases associated with old age. The importance of progeronic and antigeronic circulating factors in relation to development of vascular aging phenotypes are discussed. Finally, future directions and opportunities to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay age-related vascular pathologies by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- From the Vascular Cognitive Impairment Laboratory, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging (Z.U., S.T., A.C.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Translational Geroscience Laboratory (Z.U., S.T., A.C.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary (Z.U., A.C.)
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (Z.U.)
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- From the Vascular Cognitive Impairment Laboratory, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging (Z.U., S.T., A.C.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Translational Geroscience Laboratory (Z.U., S.T., A.C.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.J.D.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, UT (A.J.D.)
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies (V.G.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
- Department of Physiology (V.G.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Anna Csiszar
- From the Vascular Cognitive Impairment Laboratory, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging (Z.U., S.T., A.C.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Translational Geroscience Laboratory (Z.U., S.T., A.C.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary (Z.U., A.C.)
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17
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Chiang HY, Chu PH, Lee TH. MFG-E8 mediates arterial aging by promoting the proinflammatory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:61. [PMID: 31470852 PMCID: PMC6716880 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among older adults, arterial aging is the major factor contributing to increased risk for cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The chronic vascular inflammation that accompanies aging causes diffuse intimal-medial thickening of the arterial wall, thus increasing the vulnerability of aged vessels to vascular insults. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a biomarker for aging arteries. This integrin-binding glycoprotein, induced by angiotensin II, facilitates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and invasion in aging vasculatures. This study investigated whether MFG-E8 directly mediates the initial inflammatory responses in aged arteries or VSMCs. METHODS A model of neointimal hyperplasia was induced in the common carotid artery (CCA) of aged mice to exacerbate age-associated vascular remodeling. Recombinant MFG-E8 (rMFG-E8) was administered to the injured artery using Pluronic gel to accentuate the effect on age-related vascular pathophysiology. The MFG-E8 level, leukocyte infiltration, and proinflammatory cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression in the arterial wall were evaluated through immunohistochemistry. By using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, the activation of the critical proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the injured CCAs was analyzed. Immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were conducted using VSMCs isolated from the aortas of young and aged mice to assess NF-κB nuclear translocation, NF-κB-dependent gene expression, and cell proliferation. The extent of intimal-medial thickening in the injured vessels was analyzed morphometrically. Finally, Transwell migration assay was used to examine VSMC migration. RESULTS Endogenous MFG-E8 expression in aged CCAs was significantly induced by ligation injury. Aged CCAs treated with rMFG-E8 exhibited increased leukocyte extravasation, CAM expression, and considerably increased NF-κB activation induced by rMFG-E8 in the ligated vessels. Exposure of early passage VSMCs from aged aortas to rMFG-E8 substantially increased NF-κB activation, proinflammatory gene expression, and cell proliferation. However, rMFG-E8 attenuated VSMC migration. CONCLUSIONS MFG-E8 promoted the proinflammatory phenotypic shift of aged VSMCs and arteries, rendering the vasculature prone to vascular diseases. MFG-E8 may constitute a novel therapeutic target for retarding the aging processes in such vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Chiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hein Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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18
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Pan X, Ruan C, Liu X, Kong L, Ma Y, Wu Q, Li H, Sun Y, Chen A, Zhao Q, Wu F, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu D, Gao P. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived stromal cells contribute to vascular remodeling during aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12969. [PMID: 31087498 PMCID: PMC6612678 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an independent risk factor for vascular diseases. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), an active component of the vasculature, contributes to vascular dysfunction during aging. Identification of underlying cell types and their changes during aging may provide meaningful insights regarding the clinical relevance of aging‐related vascular diseases. Here, we take advantage of single‐cell RNA sequence to characterize the resident stromal cells in the PVAT (PVASCs) and identified different clusters between young and aged PVASCs. Bioinformatics analysis revealed decreased endothelial and brown adipogenic differentiation capacities of PVASCs during aging, which contributed to neointimal hyperplasia after perivascular delivery to ligated carotid arteries. Mechanistically, in vitro and in vivo studies both suggested that aging‐induced loss of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1 α (PGC1α) was a key regulator of decreased brown adipogenic differentiation in senescent PVASCs. We further demonstrated the existence of human PVASCs (hPVASCs) and overexpression of PGC1α improved hPVASC delivery‐induced vascular remodeling. Our finding emphasizes that differentiation capacities of PVASCs alter during aging and loss of PGC1α in aged PVASCs contributes to vascular remodeling via decreased brown adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Xi Pan
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Cheng‐Chao Ruan
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiu‐Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ling‐Ran Kong
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qi‐Hong Wu
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hai‐Qing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yan‐Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - An‐Qing Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiu‐Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ji‐Guang Wang
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ding‐Liang Zhu
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ping‐Jin Gao
- Department of Hypertension, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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19
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Forni C, Facchiano F, Bartoli M, Pieretti S, Facchiano A, D'Arcangelo D, Norelli S, Valle G, Nisini R, Beninati S, Tabolacci C, Jadeja RN. Beneficial Role of Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8748253. [PMID: 31080832 PMCID: PMC6475554 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8748253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is related to a number of functional and morphological changes leading to progressive decline of the biological functions of an organism. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), released by several endogenous and exogenous processes, may cause important oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to important cellular dysfunctions. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses brings to oxidative stress conditions and, related to accumulation of ROS, aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the most relevant data reported in literature on the natural compounds, mainly phytochemicals, with antioxidant activity and their potential protective effects on age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and chronic inflammation, and possibly lower side effects, when compared to other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Norelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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20
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Biwer LA, Wallingford MC, Jaffe IZ. Vascular Mineralocorticoid Receptor: Evolutionary Mediator of Wound Healing Turned Harmful by Our Modern Lifestyle. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:123-134. [PMID: 30380007 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is indispensable for survival through its critical role in maintaining blood pressure in response to sodium scarcity or bleeding. Activation of MR by aldosterone in the kidney controls water and electrolyte homeostasis. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of MR function, specifically in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The evolving roles for vascular MR are summarized in the areas of (i) vascular tone regulation, (ii) thrombosis, (iii) inflammation, and (iv) vascular remodeling/fibrosis. Synthesis of the data supports the concept that vascular MR does not contribute substantially to basal homeostasis but rather, MR is poised to be activated when the vasculature is damaged to coordinate blood pressure maintenance and wound healing. Specifically, MR activation in the vascular wall promotes vasoconstriction, inflammation, and exuberant vascular remodeling with fibrosis. A teleological model is proposed in which these functions of vascular MR may have provided a critical evolutionary survival advantage in the face of mechanical vascular injury with bleeding. However, modern lifestyle is characterized by physical inactivity and high fat/high sodium diet resulting in diffuse vascular damage. Under these modern conditions, diffuse, persistent and unregulated activation of vascular MR contributes to post-reproductive cardiovascular disease in growing populations with hypertension, obesity, and advanced age.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Hemodynamics
- Humans
- Life Style
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Sedentary Behavior
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium, Dietary/adverse effects
- Vascular Remodeling
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Biwer
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary C Wallingford
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Li Z, Qin Y, Du L, Luo X. An improvement of carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity in renal transplant recipients. BMC Med Imaging 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 30119645 PMCID: PMC6098595 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-018-0263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal transplantation can significantly improve the quality of life of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who would otherwise require dialysis. Renal transplant (RT) recipients have higher risks of cardiovascular disease compared with general population. The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) have been used as the important predicting factor of vascular arteriosclerosis. Therefore, this study was to investigate the improvement of carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity in renal transplant recipients. Methods Thirty-one patients with chronic kidney disease being treated with hemodialysis, 31 renal transplant recipients and 84 healthy control subjects were included to have the clinical evaluations and ultrasonography of bilateral carotid arteries. CIMT and PWV were independently measured by two ultrasonographers using the technique of ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking and correlated with arteriosclerosis risk factors. The progression of CIMT and PWV with age were analyzed by linear regression models, and the slopes of curves were compared using Z test. Results Compared with the patients on hemodialysis, the CIMT was significantly lower in renal transplant recipients and healthy control. The PWV were higher in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients than that of the subjects in control group. The progression is CIMT positively corelated with age and cumulative duration in renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients. In both hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients, age and cumulative time on dialysis were all positively correlated with the increase of PWV as well. Conclusions Carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity is the predicting factors of developing arteriosclerosis, which were improved in renal transplant recipients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12880-018-0263-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xianghong Luo
- Department of Echocardiography, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.100 Hai Ning Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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22
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Wang M, Monticone RE, McGraw KR. Proinflammatory Arterial Stiffness Syndrome: A Signature of Large Arterial Aging. J Vasc Res 2018; 55:210-223. [PMID: 30071538 PMCID: PMC6174095 DOI: 10.1159/000490244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated structural and functional remodeling of the arterial wall produces a productive environment for the initiation and progression of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Chronic aging stress induces low-grade proinflammatory signaling and causes cellular proinflammation in arterial walls, which triggers the structural phenotypic shifts characterized by endothelial dysfunction, diffuse intimal-medial thickening, and arterial stiffening. Microscopically, aged arteries exhibit an increase in arterial cell senescence, proliferation, invasion, matrix deposition, elastin fragmentation, calcification, and amyloidosis. These characteristic cellular and matrix alterations not only develop with aging but can also be induced in young animals under experimental proinflammatory stimulation. Interestingly, these changes can also be attenuated in old animals by reducing low-grade inflammatory signaling. Thus, mitigating age-associated proinflammation and arterial phenotype shifts is a potential approach to retard arterial aging and prevent the epidemic of hypertension and atherosclerosis in the elderly.
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23
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Davel AP, Jaffe IZ, Tostes RC, Jaisser F, Belin de Chantemèle EJ. New roles of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular disease: translational and sex-specific effects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H989-H999. [PMID: 29957022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00073.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and its ligand aldosterone expanded the role of this hormone and its receptor far beyond their initial function as a regulator of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in epithelial cells. The symposium "New Roles of Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease: Translational and Sex-Specific Effects" presented at the 38th World Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) highlighted the contribution of extrarenal MRs to cardiovascular disease. This symposium showcased how MRs expressed in endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and immune cells plays a critical role in the development of vascular disease associated with aging, obesity, and chronic aldosterone stimulation and demonstrated that MR antagonism prevents the acute renal dysfunction and tubular injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. It was also shown that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a new direct regulator of aldosterone secretion and that leptin-mediated aldosterone production is a major contributor to obesity-associated hypertension in women. Sex differences in the role of aldosterone and of endothelial MR in the cardiovascular outcomes of obesity were highlighted. This review summarizes these important emerging concepts regarding the contribution of aldosterone and cell-specific MR to cardiovascular disease in male and female subjects and further supports sex-specific benefits of MR antagonist drugs to be tested in additional populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas , Campinas, Sâo Paulo , Brazil
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto, Sâo Paulo , Brazil
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
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Gogulamudi VR, Cai J, Lesniewski LA. Reversing age-associated arterial dysfunction: insight from preclinical models. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1860-1870. [PMID: 29745797 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00086.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading causes of death in the United States, and advancing age is a primary risk factor. Impaired endothelium-dependent dilation and increased stiffening of the arteries with aging are independent predictors of CVD. Increased tissue and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation underlie this age-associated arterial dysfunction. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most powerful intervention known to increase life span and improve age-related phenotypes, including arterial dysfunction. However, the translatability of long-term CR to clinical populations is limited, stimulating interest in the pursuit of pharmacological CR mimetics to reproduce the beneficial effects of CR. The energy-sensing pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin, AMPK, and sirtuin-1 have all been implicated in the beneficial effects of CR on longevity and/or physiological function and, as such, have emerged as potential targets for therapeutic intervention as CR mimetics. Although manipulation of each of these pathways has CR-like benefits on arterial function, the magnitude and/or mechanisms can be disparate from that of CR. Nevertheless, targeting these pathways in older individuals may provide some benefits against arterial dysfunction and CVD. The goal of this review is to provide a brief discussion of the mechanisms and pathways underlying age-associated dysfunction in large arteries, explain how these are impacted by CR, and to present the available evidence, suggesting that targets for energy-sensing pathways may act as vascular CR mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinjin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center-Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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25
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Zhao D, Nguyen CTO, He Z, Wong VHY, van Koeverden AK, Vingrys AJ, Bui BV. Age-related changes in the response of retinal structure, function and blood flow to pressure modification in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2947. [PMID: 29440700 PMCID: PMC5811482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes to the balance between the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure, IOP) and the pressure inside the brain (intracranial pressure, ICP) can modify the risk of glaucoma. In this study, we consider whether the optic nerve in older rat eyes is more susceptible to acute IOP and ICP modification. We systematically manipulate both ICP and IOP and quantify their effects on ganglion cell function (electroretinography, ERG), optic nerve structure (optical coherence tomography, OCT) and retinal blood flow (Doppler OCT). We show that ganglion cell function in older eyes was more susceptible to a higher optic nerve pressure difference (ONPD = IOP - ICP). This age-related susceptibility could not be explained by poorer blood flow with elevated ONPD. Rather, as ONPD increased the retinal nerve fibre layer showed greater compression, and the retinal surface showed less deformation in older eyes. Our data suggest that age-related changes to connective tissues in and around the rat optic nerve make it less flexible, which may result in greater strain on ganglion cell axons. This may account for greater functional susceptibility to higher optic nerve pressure differences in older rat eyes. Further studies in a species with a well-developed lamina cribrosa are needed to determine the clinical importance of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhao
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vickie H Y Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna K van Koeverden
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Algis J Vingrys
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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26
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Izzo C, Carrizzo A, Alfano A, Virtuoso N, Capunzo M, Calabrese M, De Simone E, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Oliveti M, Damato A, Ambrosio M, De Caro F, Remondelli P, Vecchione C. The Impact of Aging on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E481. [PMID: 29415476 PMCID: PMC5855703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of evidences report that aging represents the major risk factor for the development of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. Understanding Aging from a genetic, biochemical and physiological point of view could be helpful to design a better medical approach and to elaborate the best therapeutic strategy to adopt, without neglecting all the risk factors associated with advanced age. Of course, the better way should always be understanding risk-to-benefit ratio, maintenance of independence and reduction of symptoms. Although improvements in treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population have increased the survival rate, several studies are needed to understand the best management option to improve therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this review is to give a 360° panorama on what goes on in the fragile ecosystem of elderly, why it happens and what we can do, right now, with the tools at our disposal to slow down aging, until new discoveries on aging, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases are at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Izzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Antonia Alfano
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, A.O.U. Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariaconsiglia Calabrese
- Rehabilitation Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Eros De Simone
- Heart Department, A.O.U. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.A.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonio Damato
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariateresa Ambrosio
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesco De Caro
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Departement of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (C.I.); (M.C.); (M.O.); (F.D.C.); (P.R.)
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (A.D.); (M.A.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent updates and distill practical points from the literature which can be applied to the care of patients with suspected and confirmed giant cell arteritis (GCA). RECENT FINDINGS Contemporary thinking implicates a fundamental failure of T regulatory cell function in GCA pathophysiology, representing opportunity for novel therapeutic avenues. Tocilizumab has become the first Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for GCA following demonstration of efficacy and safety in a phase 3 clinical trial. There have been significant parallel advances in both our understanding of GCA pathophysiology and treatment. Tocilizumab, and other agents currently under investigation in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, presents a new horizon of hope for both disease remission and avoidance of glucocorticoid-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pradeep
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, L445, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jonathan H Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, L445, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the arterial endothelium exerts a powerful protective influence to maintain vascular homeostasis. However, during the development of vascular disease, these protective activities are lost, and dysfunctional endothelial cells actually promote disease pathogenesis. Numerous investigations have analyzed the characteristics of dysfunctional endothelium with a view to understanding the processes responsible for the dysfunction and to determining their role in vascular pathology. This review adopts an alternate approach: reviewing the mechanisms that contribute to the initial formation of a healthy protective endothelium and on how those mechanisms may be disrupted, precipitating the appearance of dysfunctional endothelial cells and the progression of vascular disease. This approach, which highlights the role of endothelial adherens junctions and vascular endothelial-cadherin in endothelial maturation and endothelial dysfunction, provides new insight into the remarkable biology of this important cell layer and its role in vascular protection and vascular disease.
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29
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Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Aging and Age-Related Vascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1086:55-75. [PMID: 30232752 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging refers to the structural and functional defects that occur in the aorta during the aging process and is characterized by increased vascular cell senescence, vascular dyshomeostasis, and vascular remodeling. Vascular aging is a major risk factor for vascular diseases. However, the current understanding of the biological process of vascular aging and age-related diseases is insufficient. Epigenetic regulation can influence gene expression independently of the gene sequence and mainly includes DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based gene regulation. Epigenetic regulation plays important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and may explain some gaps in our knowledge regarding the interaction between genes and diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of vascular aging and age-related diseases in terms of vascular cell senescence, vascular dyshomeostasis, and vascular remodeling. Moreover, the possibility of targeting epigenetic regulation to delay vascular aging and treat age-related vascular diseases is also discussed.
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30
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Kane AE, Howlett SE. Differences in Cardiovascular Aging in Men and Women. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:389-411. [PMID: 30051398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases increase dramatically with age in both men and women. While it is clear that advanced age allows more time for individuals to be exposed to risk factors in general, there is strong evidence that age itself is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, there are distinct age-dependent cellular, structural, and functional changes in both the heart and blood vessels, even in individuals with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies in older humans and in animal models of aging indicate that this age-related remodeling is maladaptive. An emerging view is that the heart and blood vessels accumulate cellular and subcellular deficits with age and these deficits increase susceptibility to disease in older individuals. Aspects of this age-dependent remodeling of the heart and blood vessels differ between the sexes. There is also new evidence that these maladaptive changes are more prominent in older animals and humans with a high degree of frailty. These observations may help explain why men and women are susceptible to different cardiovascular diseases as they age and why frail older adults are most often affected by these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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31
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Arcêncio L, Evora PRB. The Lack of Clinical Applications Would be the Cause of Low Interest in an Endothelial Dysfunction Classification. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:97-99. [PMID: 28327867 PMCID: PMC5344652 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Arcêncio
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Paulo R B Evora
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
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32
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Nishimura A, Sunggip C, Oda S, Numaga-Tomita T, Tsuda M, Nishida M. Purinergic P2Y receptors: Molecular diversity and implications for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Pisano C, Balistreri CR, Ricasoli A, Ruvolo G. Cardiovascular Disease in Ageing: An Overview on Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm as an Emerging Inflammatory Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1274034. [PMID: 29203969 PMCID: PMC5674506 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1274034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial degeneration associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm and acute aortic dissection was originally described by Erdheim as a noninflammatory lesion related to the loss of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibre fragmentation in the media. Recent evidences propose the strong role of a chronic immune/inflammatory process in aneurysm evocation and progression. The coexistence of inflammatory cells with markers of apoptotic vascular cell death in the media of ascending aorta with aneurysms and type A dissections raises the possibility that activated T cells and macrophages may contribute to the elimination of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the matrix. On the other hand, several inflammatory pathways (including TGF-β, TLR-4 interferon-γ, chemokines, and interferon-γ) seem to be involved in the medial degeneration related to aged and dilated aorta. This is an overview on thoracic aortic aneurysm as an emerging inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Pisano
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, “P. Giaccone” University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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34
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Wang Y, Feng X, Shen B, Ma J, Zhao W. Is Vascular Amyloidosis Intertwined with Arterial Aging, Hypertension and Atherosclerosis? Front Genet 2017; 8:126. [PMID: 29085385 PMCID: PMC5649204 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular amyloidosis (VA) is a component of aging, but both VA and aging move forward together. Although, not all age-related molecules are involved with VA, some molecules are involved in a crosstalk between both of them. However, the cellular mechanism by which, vascular cells are phenotypically shifted to arterial remodeling, is not only involved in aging but also linked to VA. Additionally, patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis are susceptible to VA, while amyloidosis alone may provide fertile soil for the initiation and progression of subsequent hypertension and atherosclerosis. It is known that hypertension, atherosclerosis and amyloidosis can be viewed as accelerated aging. This review summarizes the available experimental and clinical evidence to help the reader to understand the advance and underlying mechanisms for VA involvement in and interaction with aging. Taken together, it is clear that VA, hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely intertwined with arterial aging as equal partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxing Feng
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Botao Shen
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Waiou Zhao
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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35
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Samson M, Corbera-Bellalta M, Audia S, Planas-Rigol E, Martin L, Cid MC, Bonnotte B. Recent advances in our understanding of giant cell arteritis pathogenesis. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:833-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Chang F, Flavahan S, Flavahan NA. Impaired activity of adherens junctions contributes to endothelial dilator dysfunction in ageing rat arteries. J Physiol 2017; 595:5143-5158. [PMID: 28561330 DOI: 10.1113/jp274189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ageing-induced endothelial dysfunction contributes to organ dysfunction and progression of cardiovascular disease. VE-cadherin clustering at adherens junctions promotes protective endothelial functions, including endothelium-dependent dilatation. Ageing increased internalization and degradation of VE-cadherin, resulting in impaired activity of adherens junctions. Inhibition of VE-cadherin clustering at adherens junctions (function-blocking antibody; FBA) reduced endothelial dilatation in young arteries but did not affect the already impaired dilatation in old arteries. After junctional disruption with the FBA, dilatation was similar in young and old arteries. Src tyrosine kinase activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin were increased in old arteries. Src inhibition increased VE-cadherin at adherens junctions and increased endothelial dilatation in old, but not young, arteries. Src inhibition did not increase dilatation in old arteries treated with the VE-cadherin FBA. Ageing impairs the activity of adherens junctions, which contributes to endothelial dilator dysfunction. Restoring the activity of adherens junctions could be of therapeutic benefit in vascular ageing. ABSTRACT Endothelial dilator dysfunction contributes to pathological vascular ageing. Experiments assessed whether altered activity of endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) might contribute to this dysfunction. Aortas and tail arteries were isolated from young (3-4 months) and old (22-24 months) F344 rats. VE-cadherin immunofluorescent staining at endothelial AJs and AJ width were reduced in old compared to young arteries. A 140 kDa VE-cadherin species was present on the cell surface and in TTX-insoluble fractions, consistent with junctional localization. Levels of the 140 kDa VE-cadherin were decreased, whereas levels of a TTX-soluble 115 kDa VE-cadherin species were increased in old compared to young arteries. Acetylcholine caused endothelium-dependent dilatation that was decreased in old compared to young arteries. Disruption of VE-cadherin clustering at AJs (function-blocking antibody, FBA) inhibited dilatation to acetylcholine in young, but not old, arteries. After the FBA, there was no longer any difference in dilatation between old and young arteries. Src activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin were increased in old compared to young arteries. In old arteries, Src inhibition (saracatinib) increased: (i) 140 kDa VE-cadherin in the TTX-insoluble fraction, (ii) VE-cadherin intensity at AJs, (iii) AJ width, and (iv) acetylcholine dilatation. In old arteries treated with the FBA, saracatinib no longer increased acetylcholine dilatation. Saracatinib did not affect dilatation in young arteries. Therefore, ageing impairs AJ activity, which appears to reflect Src-induced phosphorylation, internalization and degradation of VE-cadherin. Moreover, impaired AJ activity can account for the endothelial dilator dysfunction in old arteries. Restoring endothelial AJ activity may be a novel therapeutic approach to vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Flavahan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas A Flavahan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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37
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Balistreri CR, Ruvolo G, Lio D, Madonna R. Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway in aorta aging and diseases: "its double nature". J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:38-53. [PMID: 28668304 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of innate immunity have revealed a complex role of innate immune signaling pathways in both tissue homeostasis and disease. Among them, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) pathways has been linked to various pathophysiological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This has been interrogated by developing multiple laboratory tools that have shown in animal models and clinical conditions, the involvement of the TLR-4 signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of different CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury and aorta aneurysm. Among these, aorta aneurysm, a very complex pathological condition with uncertain etiology and fatal complications (i.e. dissection and rupture), has been associated with the occurrence of high risk cardiovascular conditions, including thrombosis and embolism. In this review, we discuss the possible role of TLR-4 signaling pathway in the development of aorta aneurysm, considering the emerging evidence from ongoing investigations. Our message is that emphasizing the role of TLR-4 signaling pathway in aorta aneurysm may serve as a starting point for future studies, leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis and perhaps the effective treatment of this difficult human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Lio
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Heart Failure Research, Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-Met and Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences "G. D'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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38
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Sunggip C, Nishimura A, Shimoda K, Numaga-Tomita T, Tsuda M, Nishida M. Purinergic P2Y 6 receptors: A new therapeutic target of age-dependent hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:51-59. [PMID: 28336370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a remarkable effect on cardiovascular homeostasis and it is known as the major non-modifiable risk factor in the development of hypertension. Medications targeting sympathetic nerve system and/or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are widely accepted as a powerful therapeutic strategy to improve hypertension, although the control rates remain unsatisfactory especially in the elder patients with hypertension. Purinergic receptors, activated by adenine, uridine nucleotides and nucleotide sugars, play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including platelet aggregation, neurotransmission and hormone release, and regulation of cardiovascular contractility. Since clopidogrel, a selective inhibitor of G protein-coupled purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), achieved clinical success as an anti-platelet drug, P2YRs has been attracted more attention as new therapeutic targets of cardiovascular diseases. We have revealed that UDP-responsive P2Y6R promoted angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)-stimulated vascular remodeling in mice, in an age-dependent manner. Moreover, the age-related formation of heterodimer between AT1R and P2Y6R was disrupted by MRS2578, a P2Y6R-selective inhibitor. These findings suggest that P2Y6R is a therapeutic target to prevent age-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sunggip
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science & Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kakeru Shimoda
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Costa G, Garabito M, Jiménez-Altayó F, Onetti Y, Sabate M, Vila E, Dantas AP. Sex differences in angiotensin II responses contribute to a differential regulation of cox-mediated vascular dysfunction during aging. Exp Gerontol 2016; 85:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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DuPont JJ, McCurley A, Davel AP, McCarthy J, Bender SB, Hong K, Yang Y, Yoo JK, Aronovitz M, Baur WE, Christou DD, Hill MA, Jaffe IZ. Vascular mineralocorticoid receptor regulates microRNA-155 to promote vasoconstriction and rising blood pressure with aging. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88942. [PMID: 27683672 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is nearly universal yet poorly controlled in the elderly despite proven benefits of intensive treatment. Mice lacking mineralocorticoid receptors in smooth muscle cells (SMC-MR-KO) are protected from rising blood pressure (BP) with aging, despite normal renal function. Vasoconstriction is attenuated in aged SMC-MR-KO mice, thus they were used to explore vascular mechanisms that may contribute to hypertension with aging. MicroRNA (miR) profiling identified miR-155 as the most down-regulated miR with vascular aging in MR-intact but not SMC-MR-KO mice. The aging-associated decrease in miR-155 in mesenteric resistance vessels was associated with increased mRNA abundance of MR and of predicted miR-155 targets Cav1.2 (L-type calcium channel (LTCC) subunit) and angiotensin type-1 receptor (AgtR1). SMC-MR-KO mice lacked these aging-associated vascular gene expression changes. In HEK293 cells, MR repressed miR-155 promoter activity. In cultured SMCs, miR-155 decreased Cav1.2 and AgtR1 mRNA. Compared to MR-intact littermates, aged SMC-MR-KO mice had decreased systolic BP, myogenic tone, SMC LTCC current, mesenteric vessel calcium influx, LTCC-induced vasoconstriction and angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. Restoration of miR-155 specifically in SMCs of aged MR-intact mice decreased Cav1.2 and AgtR1 mRNA and attenuated LTCC-mediated and angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. Finally, in a trial of MR blockade in elderly humans, changes in serum miR-155 predicted the BP treatment response. Thus, SMC-MR regulation of miR-155, Cav1.2 and AgtR1 impacts vasoconstriction with aging. This novel mechanism identifies potential new treatment strategies and biomarkers to improve and individualize antihypertensive therapy in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy McCurley
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana P Davel
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph McCarthy
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy E Baur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Flavahan S, Chang F, Flavahan NA. Local renin-angiotensin system mediates endothelial dilator dysfunction in aging arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H849-54. [PMID: 27422988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00422.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging impairs endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilatation, which results from increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The local generation of angiotensin II (ANG II) is increased in aging arteries and contributes to inflammatory and fibrotic activity of smooth muscle cells and arterial wall remodeling. Although prolonged in vivo ANG II inhibition improves the impaired endothelial dilatation of aging arteries, it is unclear whether this reflects inhibition of intravascular or systemic ANG II systems. Experiments were therefore performed on isolated tail arteries from young (3-4 mo) and old (22-24 mo) F344 rats to determine if a local renin-angiotensin system contributes to the endothelial dilator dysfunction of aging. Aging impaired dilatation to the endothelial agonist acetylcholine but did not influence responses to a nitric oxide (NO) donor (DEA NONOate). Dilatation to acetylcholine was greatly reduced by NO synthase inhibition [nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)] in young and old arteries. In isolated arteries, acute inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (perindoprilat), renin (aliskiren), or AT1 receptors (valsartan, losartan) did not influence dilatation to acetylcholine in young arteries but increased responses in old arteries. After ANG II inhibition, the dilator response to acetylcholine was similar in young and old arteries. ROS activity, which was increased in endothelium of aging arteries, was also reduced by inhibiting ANG II (perindoprilat, losartan). Renin expression was increased by 5.6 fold and immunofluorescent levels of ANG II were confirmed to be increased in aging compared with young arteries. Exogenous ANG II inhibited acetylcholine-induced dilatation. Therefore, aging-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent dilatation in aging is caused by a local intravascular renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Flavahan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fumin Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas A Flavahan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Jeon YJ, Kim CR, Park JS, Choi KH, Kang MJ, Park SG, Park YJ. Health inequalities in hypertension and diabetes management among the poor in urban areas: a population survey analysis in south Korea. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:492. [PMID: 27286953 PMCID: PMC4901480 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and diabetes differed by residential areas. In addition, the rate of good hypertension or diabetes control was examined separately in men and women, and in urban and rural areas. METHODS This study used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination V (2010-2012) data, a nationwide cross-sectional survey of general South Korean population. Residential areas were categorized into urban and rural areas. To examine differences between the residential areas in terms of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and diabetes we performed a multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, marital status, monthly income, and educational level. To investigate control of hypertension or diabetes within each residential area, we performed a subgroup analysis in both urban and rural areas. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension is higher among men in urban areas than among those in rural areas (OR = 0.80; 95 % CI = 0.67-0.96, reference group = urban areas). However, the subgroups did not differ in terms of diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Regardless of both sex and residential area, participants in good control of their hypertension and diabetes were younger. Inequality in good control of hypertension was observed in men who lived in urban (≤Elementary school, OR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.60-0.92) and rural areas (≤Elementary school, OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.46-0.99). Inequality in health status was found in women who resided in urban areas (≤Elementary school, OR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.37-0.75). Good control of diabetes also showed inequalities in health status for both men (≤Elementary school, OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.40-0.94; Middle/High school, OR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.49-0.96) and women in urban areas (≤1 million won, OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.33-0.93) (Reference group = '≥College' for education and '>3 million' Korean won for income). CONCLUSIONS After correction for individual socioeconomic status, differences by residential area were not observed. However, when the participants with good disease control were divided by region, inequality was confirmed in urban residents. Therefore, differentiated health policies to resolve individual and regional health inequalities are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jee Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Reen Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877, Bangeojinsunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Sung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Choi
- Center for Health Promotion and Cancer Prevention, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Guk Park
- Departments of Family Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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43
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Barton M, Husmann M, Meyer MR. Accelerated Vascular Aging as a Paradigm for Hypertensive Vascular Disease: Prevention and Therapy. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:680-686.e4. [PMID: 27118295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the most important nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death after age 28 years. Because of demographic changes the world population is expected to increase to 9 billion by the year 2050 and up to 12 billion by 2100, with several-fold increases among those 65 years of age and older. Healthy aging and prevention of aging-related diseases and associated health costs have become part of political agendas of governments around the world. Atherosclerotic vascular burden increases with age; accordingly, patients with progeria (premature aging) syndromes die from myocardial infarctions or stroke as teenagers or young adults. The incidence and prevalence of arterial hypertension also increases with age. Arterial hypertension-like diabetes and chronic renal failure-shares numerous pathologies and underlying mechanisms with the vascular aging process. In this article, we review how arterial hypertension resembles premature vascular aging, including the mechanisms by which arterial hypertension (as well as other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or chronic renal failure) accelerates the vascular aging process. We will also address the importance of cardiovascular risk factor control-including antihypertensive therapy-as a powerful intervention to interfere with premature vascular aging to reduce the age-associated prevalence of diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertensive nephropathy, and vascular dementia due to cerebrovascular disease. Finally, we will discuss the implementation of endothelial therapy, which aims at active patient participation to improve primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Husmann
- Division of Angiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Diaz-Otero JM, Garver H, Fink GD, Jackson WF, Dorrance AM. Aging is associated with changes to the biomechanical properties of the posterior cerebral artery and parenchymal arterioles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H365-75. [PMID: 26637558 PMCID: PMC4796626 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artery remodeling, described as a change in artery structure, may be responsible for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease with aging. Although the risk for stroke is known to increase with age, relatively young animals have been used in most stroke studies. Therefore, more information is needed on how aging alters the biomechanical properties of cerebral arteries. Posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) and parenchymal arterioles (PAs) are important in controlling brain perfusion. We hypothesized that aged (22-24 mo old) C57bl/6 mice would have stiffer PCAs and PAs than young (3-5 mo old) mice. The biomechanical properties of the PCAs and PAs were assessed by pressure myography. Data are presented as means ± SE of young vs. old. In the PCA, older mice had increased outer (155.6 ± 3.2 vs. 169.9 ± 3.2 μm) and lumen (116.4 ± 3.6 vs. 137.1 ± 4.7 μm) diameters. Wall stress (375.6 ± 35.4 vs. 504.7 ± 60.0 dyn/cm(2)) and artery stiffness (β-coefficient: 5.2 ± 0.3 vs. 7.6 ± 0.9) were also increased. However, wall strain (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1) was reduced with age. In the PAs from old mice, wall thickness (3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 5.1 ± 0.2 μm) and area (591.1 ± 95.4 vs. 852.8 ± 100 μm(2)) were increased while stress (758.1 ± 100.0 vs. 587.2 ± 35.1 dyn/cm(2)) was reduced. Aging also increased mean arterial and pulse pressures. We conclude that age-associated remodeling occurs in large cerebral arteries and arterioles and may increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Diaz-Otero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Hannah Garver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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46
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Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 and vascular aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:1077-81. [PMID: 26374857 PMCID: PMC4610264 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) play critical roles in arterial remodelling with aging, hypertension and atherosclerosis. VSMCs exist in diverse phenotypes and exhibit phenotypic plasticity, e.g. changing from a quiescent/contractile phenotype to an active myofibroblast-like, often called ‘synthetic’, phenotype. Synthetic VSMCs are able to proliferate, migrate and secrete ECM (extracellular matrix) proteinases and ECM proteins. In addition, they produce pro-inflammatory molecules, providing an inflammatory microenvironment for leucocyte penetration, accumulation and activation. The aging VSMCs have also shown changes in cellular phenotype, responsiveness to contracting and relaxing mediators, replicating potential, matrix synthesis, inflammatory mediators and intracellular signalling. VSMC dysfunction plays a key role in age-associated vascular remodelling. Cyclic nucleotide PDEs (phosphodiesterases), by catalysing cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis, play a critical role in regulating the amplitude, duration and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signalling. Abnormal alterations of PDEs and subsequent changes in cyclic nucleotide homoeostasis have been implicated in a number of different diseases. In the study published in the latest issue of Clinical Science, Bautista Niño and colleagues have shown that, in cultured senescent human VSMCs, PDE1A and PDE1C mRNA levels are significantly up-regulated and inhibition of PDE1 activity with vinpocetine reduced cellular senescent makers in senescent VSMCs. Moreover, in the premature aging mice with genomic instability (Ercc1d/−), impaired aortic ring relaxation in response to SNP (sodium nitroprusside), an NO (nitric oxide) donor, was also largely improved by vinpocetine. More interestingly, using data from human GWAS (genome-wide association studies), it has been found that PDE1A single nucleotide polymorphisms is significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure and carotid intima–media thickening, two hallmarks of human vascular dysfunction in aging. These findings establish a strong relationship between PDE1 expression regulation and vascular abnormalities in aging.
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47
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Vascular biology of ageing-Implications in hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:112-21. [PMID: 25896391 PMCID: PMC4534766 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with functional, structural and mechanical changes in arteries that closely resemble the vascular alterations in hypertension. Characteristic features of large and small arteries that occur with ageing and during the development of hypertension include endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling, inflammation, calcification and increased stiffness. Arterial changes in young hypertensive patients mimic those in old normotensive individuals. Hypertension accelerates and augments age-related vascular remodelling and dysfunction, and ageing may impact on the severity of vascular damage in hypertension, indicating close interactions between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying vascular alterations in ageing and hypertension are common and include aberrant signal transduction, oxidative stress and activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic transcription factors. Strategies to suppress age-associated vascular changes could ameliorate vascular damage associated with hypertension. An overview on the vascular biology of ageing and hypertension is presented and novel molecular mechanisms contributing to these processes are discussed. The complex interaction between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation on the vasculature is highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: CV Ageing.
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48
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A low-dose combination of fluvastatin and valsartan: a new "drug" and a new approach for decreasing the arterial age. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:235709. [PMID: 25821790 PMCID: PMC4363554 DOI: 10.1155/2015/235709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new “drug” and approach that appear to be effective in reducing arterial age. This “drug” represents a low, subtherapeutic dose of statin and sartan and particularly their low-dose combination. The improvement of arterial wall characteristics, also reflecting in a decrease of arterial age, was achieved after a short period of treatment (one month) with the above-mentioned drugs. In addition, we have also implemented a new, innovative therapeutic approach, consisting of intermittent (cyclic) treatment—alternating short “treatment” periods and much longer “rest” periods (when the beneficial effects are still present but gradually decline). This new “drug” and approach both merit further investigation in order to confirm their antiaging efficacy.
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49
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Wang M, Shah AM. Age-associated pro-inflammatory remodeling and functional phenotype in the heart and large arteries. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:101-11. [PMID: 25665458 PMCID: PMC4459900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aging population is increasing dramatically. Aging–associated stress simultaneously drives proinflammatory remodeling, involving angiotensin II and other factors, in both the heart and large arteries. The structural remodeling and functional changes that occur with aging include cardiac and vascular wall stiffening, systolic hypertension and suboptimal ventricular-arterial coupling, features that are often clinically silent and thus termed a silent syndrome. These age-related effects are the result of responses initiated by cardiovascular proinflammatory cells. Local proinflammatory signals are coupled between the heart and arteries due to common mechanical and humoral messengers within a closed circulating system. Thus, targeting proinflammatory signaling molecules would be a promising approach to improve age-associated suboptimal ventricular-arterial coupling, a major predisposing factor for the pathogenesis of clinical cardiovascular events such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.
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50
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Grabowska W, Kucharewicz K, Wnuk M, Lewinska A, Suszek M, Przybylska D, Mosieniak G, Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Curcumin induces senescence of primary human cells building the vasculature in a DNA damage and ATM-independent manner. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9744. [PMID: 25649709 PMCID: PMC4315775 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is considered not only as a supplement of the diet but also as a drug in many types of diseases and even as a potential anti-aging compound. It can reduce inflammation that increases with age and accompanies almost all age-related diseases. It has been suggested that curcumin can play a beneficial role in the cardiovascular system. However, there are also data showing that curcumin can induce senescence in cancer cells, which is a beneficial effect in cancer therapy but an undesirable one in the case of normal cells. It is believed that cellular senescence accompanies age-related changes in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to check if curcumin, in a certain range of concentrations, can induce senescence in cells building the vasculature. We have found that human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells derived from aorta are very sensitive to curcumin treatment and can senesce upon treatment with cytostatic doses. We observed characteristic senescence markers but the number of DNA damage foci decreased. Surprisingly, in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation of DNA damage response pathway downstream of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) was observed. ATM silencing and the supplementation of antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or trolox, did not reduce the number of senescent cells. Thus, we have shown that curcumin can induce senescence of cells building the vasculature, which is DNA damage and ATM independent and is not induced by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. We postulate that an increase in the bioavailability of curcumin should be introduced very carefully considering senescence induction as a side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Grabowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Kucharewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Suszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Przybylska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Mosieniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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