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Xia K, Hei Z, Li S, Song H, Huang R, Ji X, Zhang F, Shen J, Zhang S, Peng S, Wu J. Berberine inhibits intracellular Ca 2+ signals in mouse pancreatic acinar cells through M 3 muscarinic receptors: Novel target, mechanism, and implication. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116279. [PMID: 38740221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects, but the pharmacological targets and mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report a novel finding that berberine inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)-induced intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, mediated through an inhibition of the muscarinic subtype 3 (M3) receptor. Patch-clamp recordings and confocal Ca2+ imaging were applied to acute dissociated pancreatic acinar cells prepared from CD1 mice to examine the effects of berberine on ACh-induced Ca2+ oscillations. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that berberine (from 0.1 to 10 µM) reduced ACh-induced Ca2+ oscillations in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition also depended on ACh concentrations. The inhibitory effect of berberine neither occurred in intracellular targets nor extracellular cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors, chloride (Cl-) channels, and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Together, the results demonstrate that berberine directly inhibits the muscarinic M3 receptors, further confirmed by evidence of the interaction between berberine and M3 receptors in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhijun Hei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuangtao Li
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Huimin Song
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Rongni Huang
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Fenni Zhang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jianxin Shen
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix 85013, USA
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Zhu Q, Yuan C, Wang D, Tu B, Chen W, Dong X, Wu K, Tao L, Ding Y, Xiao W, Hu L, Gong W, Li Z, Lu G. The TRIM28/miR133a/CD47 axis acts as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic necrosis by impairing efferocytosis. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00387-3. [PMID: 38872307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages, plays a crucial role in inflammatory responses and effectively prevents secondary necrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying efferocytosis in acute pancreatitis (AP) remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of efferocytosis in injured human and mouse pancreatic tissues. We also observed significant upregulation of CD47, an efferocytosis-related the "do not eat me" molecule in injured acinar cells. Subsequently, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, anti-adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene modification, and anti-CD47 antibody to investigate the potential therapeutic role of AP. CD47 expression was negatively regulated by upstream miR133a, which is controlled by the transcription factor TRIM28. To further investigate the regulation of efferocytosis and reduction of pancreatic necrosis in AP, we used miR-133a-agomir and pancreas-specific AAV-shTRIM28 to modulate CD47 expression. Our findings confirmed that CD47-mediated efferocytosis is critical for preventing pancreatic necrosis and suggest that targeting the TRIM28-miR133a-CD47 axis is clinically relevant for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Zhu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Chenchen Yuan
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Keyan Wu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Lide Tao
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Lianghao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guotao Lu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China.
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Xu M, Feng Y, Xiang X, Liu L, Tang G. MZB1 regulates cellular proliferation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation and targets the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in acute pancreatitis. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111143. [PMID: 38508349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a pathological condition characterized by the premature release and activation of trypsinogens and other enzyme precursors. In severe cases, the mortality rates are in the range of 20-30% and may even be as high as 50%. Though various prophylaxes are available for AP, the mechanism of its progression is unclear. Marginal zone B and B-1 cell-specific protein 1 (MZB1) is found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it is expressed exclusively in the B cells there. MZB1 promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, invasion, and inflammation, and mitigates mitochondrial damage in cells. However, the importance of MZB1 in AP has not yet been determined. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy pancreatic cells and those affected by AP were identified using datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Relative differences in MZB1 expression between normal and diseased tissues and cells were validated in vivo using a rat AP model induced with 4% (w/v) sodium taurocholate and in vitro using the AR42J rat pancreatic cell line exposed to caerulein (CAE). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2`-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were performed to detect and compare normal and pathological cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was employed to assess and compare cellular apoptosis. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were applied to evaluate the apoptotic factors Bax and Bcl. The inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were quantified using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR techniques. Mitochondrial function was evaluated using assays for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM). WB and qRT-PCR were utilized to measure the expression levels of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, followed by a rescue experiment involving the inhibitor of wortmannin. RESULTS MZB1 was upregulated in the AP cases screened from the GEO datasets, the rat AP model, and the AR42J cells exposed to CAE. Overexpression of MZB1 enhanced the growth and supressed the cell death of AR42J cells while also activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. MZB1 knockdown led to mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated inflammation. The rescue experiment demonstrated that MZB1 enhanced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in pancreatic cells through the PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS AP cells and tissues exhibited markedly elevated levels of MZB1 expression compared to their healthy counterparts. MZB1 overexpression promoted proliferation and supressed apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation in pancreatic cells through the positive regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuelian Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guodu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Lei Y, Yu H, Ding S, Liu H, Liu C, Fu R. Molecular mechanism of ATF6 in unfolded protein response and its role in disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25937. [PMID: 38434326 PMCID: PMC10907738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), an important signaling molecule in unfolded protein response (UPR), plays a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diseases such as congenital retinal disease, liver fibrosis and ankylosing spondylitis. After endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), ATF6 is activated after separation from binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus to be hydrolyzed by site 1 and site 2 proteases into ATF6 fragments, which localize to the nucleus and regulate the transcription and expression of ERS-related genes. In these diseases, ERS leads to the activation of UPR, which ultimately lead to the occurrence and development of diseases by regulating the physiological state of cells through the ATF6 signaling pathway. Here, we discuss the evidence for the pathogenic importance of ATF6 signaling in different diseases and discuss preclinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaoxue Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Rafaqat S, Patoulias D, Behnoush AH, Sharif S, Klisic A. Interleukins: pathophysiological role in acute pancreatitis. Arch Med Sci 2024; 20:138-156. [PMID: 38414463 PMCID: PMC10895951 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/178183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory state characterized by a clinical course that can lead to serious local and extrapancreatic organ malfunction and failure. Interleukins (ILs) are biologically active glycoproteins primarily produced by macrophages and lymphocytes. According to the literature, there are many ILs. However, this article represents a summary of the role of ILs in AP, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, and IL-20. The ways to modulate IL activity to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes in individuals with this condition are under investigation. Drugs that target specific ILs might be developed to mitigate the effects of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Rafaqat
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “Hippokration”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Saima Sharif
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aleksandra Klisic
- University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Chen H, Tu J, He L, Gao N, Yang W. Mmu_circ_0000037 inhibits the progression of acute pancreatitis by miR-92a-3p/Pias1 axis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e819. [PMID: 37102653 PMCID: PMC10091370 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease with high mortality. Previous study has suggested that circular RNAs are dysregulated and involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in AP. This study aimed to investigate the function and regulatory mechanism underlying mmu_circ_0000037 in caerulein-induced AP cellular model. METHODS Caerulein-treated MPC-83 cells were used as an in vitro cellular model for AP. The expression levels of mmu_circ_0000037, microRNA (miR)-92a-3p, and protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (Pias1) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability, amylase activity, apoptosis, and inflammatory response were detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Amylase Assay Kit, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The protein level was quantified by western blot analysis. The target interaction between miR-92a-3p and mmu_circ_0000037 or Pias1 were predicted by StarbaseV3.0 and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Mmu_circ_0000037 and Pias1 levels were decreased, whereas miR-92a-3p expression was elevated in caerulein-induced MPC-83 cells. Overexpression of mmu_circ_0000037 protected MPC-83 cells from caerulein-induced the decrease of cell viability, as well as the promotion of amylase activity, apoptosis and inflammation. MiR-92a-3p was targeted by mmu_circ_0000037, and miR-92a-3p overexpression rescued the effect of mmu_circ_0000037 on caerulein-induced MPC-83 cell injury. Pias1 was confirmed as a target of miR-92a-3p and mmu_circ_0000037 regulated the expression of Pias1 by sponging miR-92a-3p. CONCLUSION Mmu_circ_0000037 relieves caerulein-induced inflammatory injury in MPC-83 cells by targeting miR-92a-3p/Pias1 axis, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ping An Health Internet, Shanghai Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Alzerwi N. Surgical management of acute pancreatitis: Historical perspectives, challenges, and current management approaches. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:307-322. [PMID: 37032793 PMCID: PMC10080605 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious condition presenting catastrophic consequences. In severe AP, the mortality rate is high, and some patients initially diagnosed with mild-to-moderate AP can progress to a life-threatening severe state. Treatment of AP has evolved over the years. Drainage was the first surgical procedure performed for AP; however, later, surgical approaches were replaced by more conservative approaches due to the availability of advanced medical care and improved understanding of the course of AP. Currently, surgery is used to manage several complications of AP, such as pseudocysts, pancreatic fistulas, and biliary tract obstruction. Patients who are unresponsive to conservative treatment or have complications are typically considered for surgical intervention. This review focuses on the surgical approaches (endoscopic, percutaneous, and open) that have been established in recent studies to treat this acute condition and summarizes the common management guidelines for AP, discussing the relevant indications, significance, and complications. It is evident that despite their reduced involvement, surgeons lead the multidisciplinary care of patients with AP; however, given the gaps in existing knowledge, more research is required to standardize surgical protocols for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, Majmaah University, Riyadh 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Yakah W, Shah I, Skelton-Badlani D, Freedman SD, Popov YV, Sheth SG. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Predicting Disease Severity in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1009-1011.e3. [PMID: 36669623 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Yakah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ishani Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Disha Skelton-Badlani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven D Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunil G Sheth
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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- (3)Laboratory of Ageing and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
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Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Atypical Bacterial Pneumonia: Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237248. [PMID: 36498822 PMCID: PMC9736890 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra-pulmonary features sometimes occur in association with atypical bacterial pneumonia and include neurologic manifestations, diarrhea, rashes, altered liver enzymes, or kidney injury, among other conditions. Acute pancreatitis has been associated with atypical pneumonias since 1973. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature in the Excerpta Medica, National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science databases. We retained 27 reports published between 1973 and 2022 describing subjects with an otherwise unexplained pancreatitis temporally associated with an atypical pneumonia. RESULTS The reports included 33 subjects (19 males, and 14 females; 8 children and 25 adults) with acute pancreatitis temporally associated with atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 18), Legionella species (n = 14), or Coxiella burnetii (n = 1). Approximately 90% of patients (n = 29) concurrently presented with respiratory and pancreatic diseases. No cases associated with Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, or Francisella species were found. CONCLUSIONS Acute pancreatitis has been associated with various infectious agents. The present review documents the association with atypical pneumonia induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella species, and Coxiella burnetii.
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Zhu Q, Yang R, Luo J, Xu H, Li H, Liu X, Shi K, Li H, Liu F. Identification of circulating extracellular vesicle long RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1034. [PMID: 36271643 PMCID: PMC9587378 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Zhu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rui Yang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hao Xu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hengrui Li
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical EngineeringWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ke‐Qing Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hui‐Ping Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Fei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
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11
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Yang J, Tang X, Li B, Shi J. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 mediated early stages of pancreatic and systemic inflammatory responses via NF-kappa B activation in acute pancreatitis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:157. [PMID: 36229875 PMCID: PMC9564071 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute pancreatitis, activation of inflammatory signaling, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, within acinar cells is known to be an early intracellular event occurring in parallel with pathologic trypsinogen activation. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) plays a critical role in endothelial inflammation, and our previous studies reported that S1PR2 deficiency significantly reduced the inflammatory response in liver injury under cholestasis conditions. However, the role of S1PR2 in inflammatory signaling activation within acinar cells and inflammatory responses during acute pancreatitis has not been elucidated. Here we report that S1PR2 was upregulated in the whole pancreas during acute pancreatitis. Blockade of S1PR2 by pharmacologic inhibition of S1PR2 by JTE-013 or AAV-mediated knockdown of S1PR2 improved the severity of pancreatic injury, as indicated by a significant reduction in inflammation and acinar cells death in acute pancreatitis mice. Moreover, S1PR2 is the predominant S1PRs expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and mediates NF-κB activation and the early inflammatory response within acinar cells under acute pancreatitis conditions via ROCK signaling pathways, not extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In addition, S1PR2 mediated macrophage NF-κB activation, migration and polarization toward the M1 phenotype. Therefore, these results demonstrated that the S1PR2-mediated early inflammatory response in acinar cells promotes the progression of acute pancreatitis, successfully linking local events to the systematic inflammatory response and leading to a novel therapeutic target for acute pancreatitis aimed at halting the progression of the inflammatory response.
Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xujiao Tang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baiqiang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Dams OC, Vijver MAT, van Veldhuisen CL, Verdonk RC, Besselink MG, van Veldhuisen DJ. Heart Failure and Pancreas Exocrine Insufficiency: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Point of View. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144128. [PMID: 35887892 PMCID: PMC9324511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is associated with decreased tissue perfusion and increased venous congestion that may result in organ dysfunction. This dysfunction has been investigated extensively for many organs, but data regarding pancreatic (exocrine) dysfunction are scarce. In the present review we will discuss the available data on the mechanisms of pancreatic damage, how heart failure can lead to exocrine dysfunction, and its clinical consequences. We will show that heart failure causes significant impairment of pancreatic exocrine function, particularly in the elderly, which may exacerbate the clinical syndrome of heart failure. In addition, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency may lead to further deterioration of cardiovascular disease and heart failure, thus constituting a true vicious circle. We aim to provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms that constitute this reciprocal relation. Finally, novel treatment options for pancreatic dysfunction in heart failure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier C. Dams
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.T.V.); (D.J.v.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marlene A. T. Vijver
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.T.V.); (D.J.v.V.)
| | - Charlotte L. van Veldhuisen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.v.V.); (M.G.B.)
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C. Verdonk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc G. Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.v.V.); (M.G.B.)
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.A.T.V.); (D.J.v.V.)
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13
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Li D, Liu M, Li W, Fu Q, Wang L, Lai E, Zhao W, Zhang K. Synthesis of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial, Antiinflammation and Antitumor Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070769. [PMID: 35890068 PMCID: PMC9323998 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs), also named Prussian blue nano-enzymes, have been shown to demonstrate excellent multi-enzyme simulation activity and anti-inflammatory properties, and can be used as reactive oxygen scavengers. Their good biocompatibility and biodegradability mean that they are ideal candidates for in vivo use. PBNPs are highly efficient electron transporters with oxidation and reduction activities. PBNPs also show considerable promise as nano-drug carriers and biological detection sensors owing to their huge specific surface area, good chemical characteristics, and changeable qualities, which might considerably increase the therapeutic impact. More crucially, PBNPs, as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, have made significant advances in biological nanomedicine. This review begins with a brief description of the synthesis methods of PBNPs, then focuses on the applications of PBNPs in tissue regeneration and inflammation according to the different properties of PBNPs. This article will provide a timely reference for further study of PBNPs as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Meng Liu
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Wenyao Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Liyang Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Enping Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545026, China;
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Kaile Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.Z.)
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14
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Bilgili MA, Dertli R, Kafee AA, Kılıç G, Kayar Y. Is there a correlation between the initial calcium level and Balthazar classification in patients with acute pancreatitis? ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2022; 28:769-775. [PMID: 35652862 PMCID: PMC10443004 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2021.03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a life-threatening course is observed in 2-3% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), mortality can be up to 50% in severe AP. In our study, we research relationship between calcium level and Modified Balthazar (MB) score. METHODS 354 patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of AP between 2013 and 2019 were included in our study. Serum calcium level was measured within the first 24 h. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in all patients in the first 12 h and between 3 and 7 days. The severity of AP was determined according to the MB classification. The correlation between calcium level and MB classification was examined. RESULTS 206 (58.2%) of the patients were women. Mean age was 54.8±17.9 years (range: 18-100). It was observed that the rate of severe AP was significantly higher in the low calcium group compared to the MB classification in which tomographies taken at ad-mission and 72 h after were evaluated (p<0.05). Furthermore, progression was higher in low calcium group (p<0.05). The cutoff value was 9.35 mg/dl for the ROC analysis performed to distinguish mild pancreatitis from moderate-severe pancreatitis according to the MB classification performed by CT obtained after 72 h based on the Ca values. For the cutoff value of 9.35 mg/dl (AUC: 0.581, p=0.018, 95% Cl: 0.514-0.649), the sensitivity was 57.4% and the specificity was 53.1%. CONCLUSION Since there is a correlation between the initial calcium level and the severity of the disease according to the CT-scan obtained later, the calcium level gives us an idea of the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramazan Dertli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van-Turkey
| | - Abdullah Al Kafee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Guner Kılıç
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van-Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kayar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van-Turkey
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15
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Cridge H, Lim SY, Algül H, Steiner JM. New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: Potential impacts on clinical practice. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:847-864. [PMID: 35546513 PMCID: PMC9151489 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While most cases of pancreatitis in dogs are thought to be idiopathic, potential risk factors are identified. In this article we provide a state‐of‐the‐art overview of suspected risk factors for pancreatitis in dogs, allowing for improved awareness and detection of potential dog‐specific risk factors, which might guide the development of disease prevention strategies. Additionally, we review important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis and potential areas for therapeutic manipulation based thereof. The outcome of pathophysiologic mechanisms and the development of clinical disease is dependent on the balance between stressors and protective mechanisms, which can be evaluated using the critical threshold theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Cridge
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sue Yee Lim
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Hana Algül
- Gastrointestinal Cancer and Inflammatory Research Laboratory, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
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16
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Walter FR, Harazin A, Tóth AE, Veszelka S, Santa-Maria AR, Barna L, Kincses A, Biczó G, Balla Z, Kui B, Maléth J, Cervenak L, Tubak V, Kittel Á, Rakonczay Z, Deli MA. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in L-ornithine induced acute pancreatitis in rats and the direct effect of L-ornithine on cultured brain endothelial cells. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:16. [PMID: 35177109 PMCID: PMC8851707 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In severe acute pancreatitis (AP) the CNS is affected manifesting in neurological symptoms. Earlier research from our laboratory showed blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability elevation in a taurocholate-induced AP model. Here we aimed to further explore BBB changes in AP using a different, non-invasive in vivo model induced by l-ornithine. Our goal was also to identify whether l-ornithine, a cationic amino acid, has a direct effect on brain endothelial cells in vitro contributing to the observed BBB changes. Methods AP was induced in rats by the intraperitoneal administration of l-ornithine-HCl. Vessel permeability and the gene expression of the primary transporter of l-ornithine, cationic amino acid transporter-1 (Cat-1) in the brain cortex, pancreas, liver and lung were determined. Ultrastructural changes were followed by transmission electron microscopy. The direct effect of l-ornithine was tested on primary rat brain endothelial cells and a triple co-culture model of the BBB. Viability and barrier integrity, including permeability and TEER, nitrogen monoxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NF-κB translocation were measured. Fluorescent staining for claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, β-catenin, cell adhesion molecules Icam-1 and Vcam-1 and mitochondria was performed. Cell surface charge was measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. Results In the l-ornithine-induced AP model vessel permeability for fluorescein and Cat-1 expression levels were elevated in the brain cortex and pancreas. On the ultrastructural level surface glycocalyx and mitochondrial damage, tight junction and basal membrane alterations, and glial edema were observed. l-ornithine decreased cell impedance and elevated the BBB model permeability in vitro. Discontinuity in the surface glycocalyx labeling and immunostaining of junctional proteins, cytoplasmic redistribution of ZO-1 and β-catenin, and elevation of Vcam-1 expression were measured. ROS production was increased and mitochondrial network was damaged without NF-κB, NO production or mitochondrial membrane potential alterations. Similar ultrastructural changes were seen in l-ornithine treated brain endothelial cells as in vivo. The basal negative zeta potential of brain endothelial cells became more positive after l-ornithine treatment. Conclusion We demonstrated BBB damage in the l-ornithine-induced rat AP model suggesting a general, AP model independent effect. l-ornithine induced oxidative stress, decreased barrier integrity and altered BBB morphology in a culture BBB model. These data suggest a direct effect of the cationic l-ornithine on brain endothelium. Endothelial surface glycocalyx injury was revealed both in vivo and in vitro, as an additional novel component of the BBB-related pathological changes in AP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00308-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina R Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andrea E Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Ana R Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lilla Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - György Biczó
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt 57, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balla
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt 57, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.,Institute of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Biology and Education, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kui
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt 57, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt 57, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm sqr. 10, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm sqr. 10, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Research Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Tubak
- Creative Laboratory Ltd, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szigony u. 43, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kálvária sgt 57, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.,Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1, Szeged, 6701, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu B, Liu X, Xu Z. Activity of Ligustrum vulgare L extracts against acute pancreatitis in murine models by regulation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:273-278. [PMID: 35002419 PMCID: PMC8716890 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a fatal disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity. At present, no specific treatment is available for pancreatitis and the patients are mainly treated with supportive medication. The need for specific antipancreatitic chemotherapy is an urgent medical obligation. In the current study, protective effects of the methanolic extract of the Ligustrum vulgare berries were investigated in the rat model of acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced in the male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by cerulein injection. Fruit extract of L. vulgare L extract was prepared using the methanol. Treatment effects of L. vulgare were evaluated in AP rats. Serum levels of lipase, amylase, proinflamatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TL-1β), lipid peroxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined. Histological changes in the pancreas were assessed. L. vulgare treatment prevented the increase in serum amylase and lipase levels, reduced the disease progression in pancreas, and reduced the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in AP rats. Moreover, L. vulgare significantly suppressed pancreatic edema, inhibited oxidative damage (MPO activity and SOD activity), and inhibited the expression of NF-κB/p65 and activation (phosphorylation) of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) and p38 MAPKs. Histological examinations showed that L. vulgare significantly reduced the inflammatory and fibrotic changes. The results indicated the potent pancreato-protective effects of L. vulgare in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of ICU, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Zhengqin Xu
- Department of ICU, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
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18
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Zhang P, Zhou Y, Fang Q, Lin H, Xiao J. Proteomic analysis of early phosphorylated proteins in acute pancreatitis model. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666211130144858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:
The exact mechanism of acute pancreatitis (AP), which is an inflammation of the pancreas, still remains unclear. In this study, we examined the protein phosphorylation changes during the early stage of AP in mice using proteomic analysis.
Methods:
AP model in mice was constructed using an intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. Blood samples and pancreas were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9h after the final injection (n=3 at each time point). Samples collected 3h after the final injection were separately mixed and named S (saline group) and C1 (cerulein group); samples collected 6h after the final injection from the cerulein group were mixed and named C2. Proteins from S, C1, and C2 were extracted, digested by trypsin, and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis, bioinformatics analysis, and Western blotting.
Results:
A total of 549 sites (426 proteins) were upregulated, and 501 sites (367 proteins) were downregulated in C1 compared to S; while 491 phosphorylation sites (377 proteins) were upregulated and 367 sites (274 proteins) were downregulated in C2 compared to S. Motif analysis showed that proline-directed kinase and basophilic kinase had a key role during early AP. During an early AP stage, the cellular distributions of proteins slightly changed. The types of domains changed with the development of AP. Phosphorylation proteins associated with calcium signaling, especially IP3R mediated calcium release, lysosome and autophagosome pathway, pancreatic digestive activation, and secretion, were found to be involved in the development of early AP independent of NF-kB activation. Moreover, the MAPK family was found to have a greater impact at the early stage of AP. We also found differentially expressed phosphorylations of amylase and trypsinogen and increased phosphorylation of MAPK6 S189 in early AP.
Conclusion:
IP3R mediated calcium release and activation of MAPK family are key events promoting the development of early AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiangqiang Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Houmin Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
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Ye S, Si C, Deng J, Chen X, Kong L, Zhou X, Wang W. Understanding the Effects of Metabolites on the Gut Microbiome and Severe Acute Pancreatitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1516855. [PMID: 34712726 PMCID: PMC8548099 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1516855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The severity is classified as mild (MAP), moderately severe (MSAP), or severe (SAP). In patients with SAP, organ dysfunction can occur in the early stage of the disease course, accompanied by secondary infection, with a mortality rate of 36%-50%. In the late stage SAP, infection-related complications caused by pancreatic necrotic tissue and peripancreatic effusion are the main causes of death in patients. Dysbacteriosis of intestinal microflora, barrier dysfunction of intestinal mucosa, and translocation of enteric bacteria are considered to be the main causes of infection of pancreatic necrotic tissue and peripancreatic effusion. During the past few years, increasing attention has been paid to the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora in SAP, which plays an important role in the metabolic activities of the human body. This review is aimed at bringing together the most recent findings and advances regarding the gut microbial community and associated gut microbial community metabolites and illustrating the role of these metabolites in disease progression in severe acute pancreatitis. We hope that this review will provide new ideas and schemes for the treatment of SAP in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ye
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenli Si
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Lure-and-kill macrophage nanoparticles alleviate the severity of experimental acute pancreatitis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4136. [PMID: 34230486 PMCID: PMC8260623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a disease associated with suffering and high lethality. Although the disease mechanism is unclear, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) produced by pancreatic acinar cells is a known pathogenic trigger. Here, we show macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles with a built-in ‘lure and kill’ mechanism (denoted ‘MΦ-NP(L&K)’) for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. MΦ-NP(L&K) are made with polymeric cores wrapped with natural macrophage membrane doped with melittin and MJ-33. The membrane incorporated melittin and MJ-33 function as a PLA2 attractant and a PLA2 inhibitor, respectively. These molecules, together with membrane lipids, work synergistically to lure and kill PLA2 enzymes. These nanoparticles can neutralize PLA2 activity in the sera of mice and human patients with acute pancreatitis in a dose-dependent manner and suppress PLA2-induced inflammatory response accordingly. In mouse models of both mild and severe acute pancreatitis, MΦ-NP(L&K) confer effective protection against disease-associated inflammation, tissue damage and lethality. Overall, this biomimetic nanotherapeutic strategy offers an anti-PLA2 treatment option that might be applicable to a wide range of PLA2-mediated inflammatory disorders. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors have been shown to be able to treat acute pancreatitis, but are toxic with systemic application. Here the authors design a nanoparticle with macrophage membrane components to carry PLA2 inhibitor to macrophages and treat pancreatitis in mice, with no evidence of toxicity.
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21
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Talukdar R, Tsuji Y, Jagtap N, Pradeep R, Rao GV, Reddy DN. Non-compliance to practice guidelines still exist in the early management of acute pancreatitis: Time for reappraisal? Pancreatology 2021; 21:S1424-3903(21)00471-3. [PMID: 34049823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.05.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Earlier national surveys on the management of acute pancreatitis (AP) had reported non-compliance to practice guidelines. In the past decade, several guidelines were revised based on new evidence. In this multicenter international survey, we aimed to evaluate the practice patterns of early management of AP and compliance to the revised treatment guidelines across different disciplines and practice environments. METHODS A structured questionnaire was sent via email to a target population of 654 that constituted of medical and surgical gastroenterologists, physicians and general surgeons, paediatricians from academic and non-academic centres across 30 countries. Other than demographic variables, the questionnaire contained items pertaining to early management of AP, such as, assessment at admissions and within first 72 h s, details regarding analgesics, IV hydration, oral/enteral feeding and antibiotic use. RESULTS The response rate was 46.2% and after exclusions, a total of 297 participant's responses were analysed. Majority of the participants were from Asia, followed by Europe and the Americas. 181 (60.9%) claimed to follow practice guidelines, out of which 59 (32.6%) followed more than one. On further probing, only 41.9% were actually compliant to feeding and 59.7% to antibiotic guidelines. Even though participants opted for aggressive hydration, early feeding and avoidance of prophylactic antibiotics, there were non-compliance and discrepancies in titration of fluid therapy, indications of feeding and antibiotic use. DISCUSSION Discrepancies and non-compliance still appear to exist in the early management of AP due to lack of strong evidence. We discuss ways that could improve compliance to the existing guidelines until stronger evidence comes to the fore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupjyoti Talukdar
- Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India; Wellcome-DBT Indian Alliance Labs., Institute of Basic and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Yoshihisa Tsuji
- Dept. of General Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
| | - Nitin Jagtap
- Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - R Pradeep
- Dept. of Surgical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - G V Rao
- Dept. of Surgical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
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22
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Li K, Yin H, Duan Y, Lai P, Cai Y, Wei Y. Pre-inhalation of hydrogen-rich gases protect against caerulein-induced mouse acute pancreatitis while enhance the pancreatic Hsp60 protein expression. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 33874887 PMCID: PMC8056676 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) lacks targeted prevention and treatment measures. Some key points in the pathogenesis of AP remain unclear, such as early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Several recent reports have shown the protective effect of hydrogen on several AP animal models, and the mechanism is related to antioxidant activity. Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is known to accompany pancreatic enzymes synthesis and secretion pathway of in pancreatic acinar cells, while role of hsp60 in AP remains a topic. Aim of this study was to investigate effect of hydrogen pretreatment on AP and the mechanisms, focusing on pancreatic oxidative stress and Hsp60 expression. Methods 80 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: HAP group, AP group, HNS group, and NS group and each group were set 3 observation time point as 1 h, 3 h and 5 h (n = 6–8). Mouse AP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 μg/kg caerulein per hour for 6 injections both in AP and HAP groups, and mice in NS group and HNS group given normal saline (NS) injections at the same way as control respectively. Mice in HAP group and HNS group were treated with hydrogen-rich gases inhalation for 3 days before the first injection of caerulein or saline, while mice in AP group and NS group in normal air condition. Histopathology of pancreatic tissue, plasma amylase and lipase, plasma IL-1 and IL-6, pancreatic glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and Hsp60 mRNA and protein expression were investigated. Comparisons were made by one-way analysis of variance. Results The pancreatic pathological changes, plasma amylase and lipase activity, and the increase of plasma IL-1 and IL-6 levels in AP mice were significantly improved by the hydrogen-rich gases pretreatment, Meanwhile, the pancreatic GSH content increased and the pancreatic MDA content decreased. And, the hydrogen-rich gases pretreatment improved the Hsp60 protein expression in pancreatic tissues of AP mice at 1 h and 5 h. Conclusions Pre-inhalation of hydrogen-rich gases have a good protective effect on AP mice, and the possible mechanisms of reduced oxidative stress and the early increased pancreatic Hsp60 protein deserve attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hongling Yin
- Shanghai Asclepius Meditec Co. Ltd., 758 Jiaxin Road, Shanghai, 201818, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Shanghai Asclepius Meditec Co. Ltd., 758 Jiaxin Road, Shanghai, 201818, China
| | - Peizhen Lai
- Shanghai Asclepius Meditec Co. Ltd., 758 Jiaxin Road, Shanghai, 201818, China
| | - Yancheng Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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23
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Metabolomic-based clinical studies and murine models for acute pancreatitis disease: A review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166123. [PMID: 33713791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastroenterological disorders requiring hospitalization and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Metabolomics nowadays not only help us to understand cellular metabolism to a degree that was not previously obtainable, but also to reveal the importance of the metabolites in physiological control, disease onset and development. An in-depth understanding of metabolic phenotyping would be therefore crucial for accurate diagnosis, prognosis and precise treatment of AP. In this review, we summarized and addressed the metabolomics design and workflow in AP studies, as well as the results and analysis of the in-depth of research. Based on the metabolic profiling work in both clinical populations and experimental AP models, we described the metabolites with potential utility as biomarkers and the correlation between the altered metabolites and AP status. Moreover, the disturbed metabolic pathways correlated with biological function were discussed in the end. A practical understanding of current and emerging metabolomic approaches applicable to AP and use of the metabolite information presented will aid in designing robust metabolomics and biological experiments that result in identification of unique biomarkers and mechanisms, and ultimately enhanced clinical decision-making.
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24
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Bläuer M, Sand J, Laukkarinen J. Regulation of p38 MAPK and glucocorticoid receptor activation by hydrocortisone in mono-and co-cultured pancreatic acinar and stellate cells. Pancreatology 2021; 21:384-389. [PMID: 33454208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acute pancreatitis develops as an inflammatory response to pancreatic tissue injury. Postoperative pancreatitis has recently been associated with increased occurrence of complications. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) pathway occurs early in acute pancreatitis and its inhibition has been suggested to alleviate pancreatic inflammation. Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory steroids whose use in the management of acute pancreatitis remains controversial. Our aim was to examine the effect of crosstalk between pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) and stellate cells (PSCs) on p38 MAPK and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation and to assess the impact of hydrocortisone on these events. METHODS The long-term co-culture setting for mouse PACs and PSCs developed in our laboratory was used. Parallel 4d mono- and co-cultures with or without 10 nM hydrocortisone were performed followed by immunocytochemical analysis of nuclear GR and phospho-p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK). RESULTS Hydrocortisone inhibited pp38 MAPK up-regulation evoked by co-culture in PACs and PSCs and increased nuclear translocation of GR in PAC monocultures and in co-cultured PACs and PSCs. In PSC monocultures and co-cultured PACs, ligand-independent expression of nuclear GR was observed. In the former no change in nuclear GR but a significant decrease in total GR as analyzed by Western blot was caused by hydrocortisone. CONCLUSIONS Cellular microenvironment plays a significant role on p38 MAPK and GR activation in PACs and PSCs. Hydrocortisone is an effective means to inhibit p38 MAPK activation in PACs and PSCs. Both ligand-dependent and -independent regulatory roles for GR are suggested in the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Bläuer
- Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Sand
- Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Laukkarinen
- Tampere Pancreas Laboratory and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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25
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Forman MA, Steiner JM, Armstrong PJ, Camus MS, Gaschen L, Hill SL, Mansfield CS, Steiger K. ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:703-723. [PMID: 33587762 PMCID: PMC7995362 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatitis in cats, although commonly diagnosed, still presents many diagnostic and management challenges. Objective To summarize the current literature as it relates to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of pancreatitis in cats and to arrive at clinically relevant suggestions for veterinary clinicians that are based on evidence, and where such evidence is lacking, based on consensus of experts in the field. Animals None. Methods A panel of 8 experts in the field (5 internists, 1 radiologist, 1 clinical pathologist, and 1 anatomic pathologist), with support from a librarian, was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer reviewed literature and complement it with consensus clinical recommendations. Results There was little literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of spontaneous pancreatitis in cats, but there was much in the literature about the disease in humans, along with some experimental evidence in cats and nonfeline species. Most evidence was in the area of diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats, which was summarized carefully. In contrast, there was little evidence on the management of pancreatitis in cats. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Pancreatitis is amenable to antemortem diagnosis by integrating all clinical and diagnostic information available, and recognizing that acute pancreatitis is far easier to diagnose than chronic pancreatitis. Although both forms of pancreatitis can be managed successfully in many cats, management measures are far less clearly defined for chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnin A Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - P Jane Armstrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Flagstaff Veterinary Internal Medicine Consulting, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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26
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Zhang X, Xin G, Li S, Wei Z, Ming Y, Yuan J, Wen E, Xing Z, Yu K, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Niu H, Huang W. Dehydrocholic Acid Ameliorates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Acute Biliary Pancreatitis in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:985-993. [PMID: 32475920 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) with a high mortality rate is an incurable digestive system disease induced by abnormal bile acid regurgitation due to the biliary obstruction. Dehydrocholic acid (DA) alleviates the severity of cholestatic hepatitis related to biliary inflammation, suggesting DA is potential to develop for the incurable ABP management. Here we identified DA potency and explored the underlying mechanism in ABP. Our data showed that DA administration not only reduced typically clinicopathological parameters including serum levels of amylase and lipase but also suppressed pancreatic tissue edema, necrosis and trypsin activation in ABP mice. We also found that DA significantly reduced the necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells induced by sodium taurocholate (NaT). Further experimental data showed the significant inhibitions of DA on mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, ATP exhaustion, calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) erupted in acinar cells induced by NaT, indicating DA could avert acinar cell death through protecting the mitochondrial function, scavenging excessive oxidative stress and balancing calcium. The comprehensive study found DA elevated the expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in vitro thus to increase the functional lysosome content. Indeed, DA decreased the Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II/I ratio as well as ubiquitin-binding protein p62 and Parkin expressions in vivo and in vitro, revealing autophagy restoration maybe through the improvement of TFEB-mediated lysosome biogenesis. These data indicate that DA improves ABP through the mitochondrial protection, antioxidant ability enhancement and autophagy recovery. In conclusion, our study proposes a potential therapy strategy for the incurable ABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Guang Xin
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Shiyi Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Yue Ming
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Jiyan Yuan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - E Wen
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Kui Yu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Youping Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Boli Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hai Niu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
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Xie X, Zhao J, Gao W, Chen J, Hu B, Cai X, Zheng Y. Prussian blue nanozyme-mediated nanoscavenger ameliorates acute pancreatitis via inhibiting TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Theranostics 2021; 11:3213-3228. [PMID: 33537083 PMCID: PMC7847676 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious acute condition affecting the abdomen and shows high morbidity and mortality rates. Its global incidence has increased in recent years. Inflammation and oxidative stress are potential therapeutic targets for AP. This study was conducted to investigate the intrinsic anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Prussian blue nanozyme (PBzyme) on AP, along with its underlying mechanism. Methods: Prussian blue nanozymes were prepared by polyvinylpyrrolidone modification method. The effect of PBzyme on inhibiting inflammation and scavenging reactive oxygen species was verified at the cellular level. The efficacy and mechanism of PBzyme for prophylactically treating AP were evaluated using the following methods: serum testing in vivo, histological scoring following hematoxylin and eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling fluorescence staining, polymerase chain reaction array, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis and Western blotting analysis. Results: The synthetic PBzyme showed potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in reducing oxidative stress and alleviating inflammation both in vitro and in vivo in the prophylactic treatment of AP. The prophylactic therapeutic efficacy of PBzyme on AP may involve inhibition of the toll-like receptor/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Conclusion: The single-component, gram-level mass production, stable intrinsic biological activity, biosafety, and good therapeutic efficacy suggest the potential of PBzyme in the preventive treatment of AP. This study provides a foundation for the clinical application of PBzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xie
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing 400010, P. R. China
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
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Bansod S, Godugu C. Nimbolide ameliorates pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis by modulating NF-κB/SIRT1 and apoptosis signaling in acute pancreatitis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107246. [PMID: 33310297 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potential gastrointestinal problem most commonly associated with pancreatic inflammation and acinar cells injury. Nimbolide (NB), isolated from the tree Azadirachta indica, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the pancreatic protective effects of NB in ameliorating cerulein-induced pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis in AP model and evaluate the potential mechanism of action. AP was induced in Swiss albino mice by six-hourly intraperitoneal exposures of cerulein (50 µg/kg/hr) and pre-treatment of NB (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) 7 days prior to the cerulein exposure. Various parameters associated with AP in plasma and pancreatic tissues were evaluated. Severity of AP was effectively ameliorated by NB as shown by reducing pancreatic edema, plasma amylase and lipase levels, MPO levels and in cerulein-induced histological damage. Further, the antioxidant effect of NB was associated with a significant inhibition of oxidative-nitrosative stress in Raw 264.7 cells and cerulein-induced AP mice. Moreover, NB suppressed proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS and nitrotyrosine expression. In addition, NB inhibited NF-κB activation and increased SIRT1 expression in cerulein challenged mice. Furthermore, NB also inhibited pancreatic apoptosis by downregulating cleaved caspase 3 and Bax while upregulating Bcl2 expression in cerulein-treated mice. Inhibition of pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis resulted in attenuation of cerulein-induced AP. These results suggest that NB exerts strong anti-pancreatitis effects against cerulein-induced AP by combating inflammatory and apoptosis signaling via SIRT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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29
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The Role of TLR-4 and Galectin-3 Interaction in Acute Pancreatitis. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is a member of evolutionarily conserved type I transmembrane proteins that can initiate sterile inflammatory cascade in the pancreas. Expression of TLR-4 is up-regulated in pancreatic tissue, as well as, on peripheral blood innate immune cells in human and experimental models of acute pancreatitis. TLR-4 plays important pro-inflammatory roles during development of acute pancreatitis: it recognize alarmins released from injured acinar cells and promotes activation and infiltration of innate immune cells after the premature and intraacinar activation of tripsinogen. Galectin-3 is β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays pro-inflammatory roles in a variety autoimmune diseases, acute bacterial infections and during tumorigenesis. It is reported that Galectin-3 is alarmin in experimental models of neuroinflammation and binds to TLR-4 promoting the pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. Also, in experimental model of acute pancreatitis Galectin-3 is colocalized with TLR-4 on innate inflammatory cells resulted in enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, increased infiltration of pro-inflammatory N1 neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells and increased damage of pancreatic tissue. This review paper discusses the role of TLR-4/Gal-3 axis in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.
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30
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Wen L, Javed TA, Dobbs AK, Brown R, Niu M, Li L, Khalid A, Barakat MT, Xiao X, Yimlamai D, Konnikova L, Yu M, Byersdorfer CA, Husain SZ. The Protective Effects of Calcineurin on Pancreatitis in Mice Depend on the Cellular Source. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1036-1050.e8. [PMID: 32445858 PMCID: PMC7502475 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Calcineurin is a ubiquitously expressed central Ca2+-responsive signaling molecule that mediates acute pancreatitis, but little is known about its effects. We compared the effects of calcineurin expression by hematopoietic cells vs pancreas in mouse models of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation. METHODS We performed studies with mice with hematopoietic-specific or pancreas-specific deletion of protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform (PPP3R1, also called CNB1), in mice with deletion of CNB1 (Cnb1UBC△/△) and in the corresponding controls for each deletion of CNB1. Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by administration of caerulein or high-pressure infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts; some mice were also given intraductal infusions of an adeno-associated virus vector that expressed nuclear factor of activated T -cells (NFAT)-luciferase into pancreas. Pancreas, bone marrow, liver, kidney, heart, and lung were collected and analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblots; levels of cytokines were measured in serum. Mouse and human primary pancreatic acinar cells were transfected with a vector that expressed NFAT-luciferase and incubated with an agent that blocks interaction of NFAT with calcineurin; cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Calcineurin-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species production were measured in neutrophils from mice. RESULTS Mice with hematopoietic-specific deletion of CNB1 developed the same level of local pancreatic inflammation as control mice after administration of caerulein or infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts. Cnb1UBC△/△ mice or mice with pancreas-specific deletion of CNB1 developed less severe pancreatitis and reduced pancreatic inflammation after administration of caerulein or infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts compared with control mice. NFAT was activated in pancreas of Swiss Webster mice given caerulein or infusions of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts. Blocking the interaction between calcineurin and NFAT did not reduce pancreatic acinar cell necrosis in response to caerulein or infusions of radiocontrast. Mice with hematopoietic-specific deletion of CNB1 (but not mice with pancreas-specific deletion of CNB1) had reduced infiltration of lung tissues by neutrophils. Neutrophil chemotaxis and production of reactive oxygen species were decreased after incubation with a calcineurin inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Hematopoietic and neutrophil expression of calcineurin promotes pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation, whereas pancreatic calcineurin promotes local pancreatic inflammation. The findings indicate that the protective effects of blocking or deleting calcineurin on pancreatitis are mediated by the source of its expression. This information should be used in the development of strategies to inhibit calcineurin for the prevention of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tanveer A Javed
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea K Dobbs
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mengya Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Li
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Asna Khalid
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Monique T Barakat
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mang Yu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
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Xue BH, Liu Y, Chen H, Sun Y, Yu WL. A novel function of IRF9 in acute pancreatitis by modulating cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and suppressing SIRT1-p53. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 472:125-134. [PMID: 32577948 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease caused by the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas, with a considerably high morbidity and mortality. However, the etiological factor and pathogenesis of AP are still unclear. This study was aimed to explore the role and mechanism of interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) in the occurrence of AP and to provide experimental and theoretical foundation for AP diagnosis and treatment. AP model in vitro was established by caerulein-induced group. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed and constructed to silence IRF9 gene. After siRNA transfected and caerulein treated successfully, the expression levels of IRF9, SIRT1, and acetylated p53 (Ac-p53) were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of AR42J cells were checked by flow cytometry, MTT, and transwell assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was implemented to validate the regulatory effect of IRF9 on SIRT1. Here, our study showed that the expression of IRF9 and Ac-p53 was increased, SIRT1 was decreased, and cell apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of AR42J cells were increased after caerulein induced. IRF9 gene silencing upregulated SIRT1, downregulated Ac-p53, and inhibited cell apoptosis, proliferation, and migration. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay showed that IRF9 could negatively regulate SIRT1. The potential mechanism was that IRF9 could modulate cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and bind the promoter of SIRT1 to repress SIRT1-p53. It hinted that IRF9 showed a novel function in AP by modulating cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and suppressing SIRT1-p53. IRF9 might be a good potential treatment target for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hua Xue
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Li Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Khamaysi I, Hamo-Giladi DB, Abassi Z. Heparanase in Acute Pancreatitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:703-719. [PMID: 32274733 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common diseases in gastroenterology, affecting 2% of all hospitalized patients. Nevertheless, neither the etiology nor the pathophysiology of the disease is fully characterized, and no specific or effective treatment has been developed. Heparanase (Hpa) is an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into shorter oligosaccharides, activity that is highly implicated in cell invasion associated with cancer metastasis and inflammation. Given that AP is a typical inflammatory disease, we investigated whether Hpa plays a role in AP. Our results provide keen evidence that Hpa expression and activity are significantly increased following cerulein-induced AP in wild type mice. In parallel to the classic manifestations of AP, namely elevation of amylase and lipase levels, pancreas edema and inflammation as well as induction of cytokines and signaling molecules, have been detected in this experimental model of the disease. Noteworthy, these features were far more profound in transgenic mice overexpressing heparanase (Hpa-Tg), suggesting that these mice can be utilized as a model system to reveal the molecular mechanism by which Hpa functions in AP. Further support for the involvement of Hpa in the pathogenesis of AP emerged from our observation that treatment of experimental AP with PG545 or SST0001(= Ronepastat), two potent Hpa inhibitors, markedly attenuated the biochemical, histological and immunological manifestations of the disease. Hpa, therefore, emerges as a potential new target in AP, and Hpa inhibitors are hoped to prove beneficial in AP along with their promising efficacy as anti-cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Khamaysi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Advanced Endoscopy Procedures Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Zaid Abassi
- Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Physiology, The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Tan JH, Cao RC, Zhou L, Zhou ZT, Chen HJ, Xu J, Chen XM, Jin YC, Lin JY, Zeng JL, Li SJ, Luo M, Hu GD, Yang XB, Jin J, Zhang GW. ATF6 aggravates acinar cell apoptosis and injury by regulating p53/AIFM2 transcription in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Theranostics 2020; 10:8298-8314. [PMID: 32724472 PMCID: PMC7381726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no curative therapy for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) due to poor understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in SAP and increased expression of ATF6 has been detected in SAP patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ATF6 in a preclinical SAP mouse model and characterize its regulatory mechanism. Methods: Pancreatic tissues of healthy and SAP patients were collected during surgery. Humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice were treated with caerulein to mimic the SAP development, which was crossed to an ATF6 knockout mouse line, and pancreatic tissues from the resulting pups were screened by proteomics. Adenovirus-mediated delivery to the pancreas of SAP mice was used for shRNA-based knockdown or overexpression. The potential functions and mechanisms of ATF6 were clarified by immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. Results: Increased expression of ATF6 was associated with elevated apoptosis, ER and mitochondrial disorder in pancreatic tissues from SAP patients and PRSS1 mice. Knockout of ATF6 in SAP mice attenuated acinar injury, apoptosis and ER disorder. AIFM2, known as a p53 target gene, was identified as a downstream regulatory partner of ATF6, whose expression was increased in SAP. Functionally, AIFM2 could reestablish the pathological disorder in SAP tissues in the absence of ATF6. p53 expression was also increased in SAP mice, which was downregulated by ATF6 knockout. p53 knockout significantly suppressed acinar apoptosis and injury in SAP model. Mechanistically, ATF6 promoted AIFM2 transcription by binding to p53 and AIFM2 promoters. Conclusion: These results reveal that ATF6/p53/AIFM2 pathway plays a critical role in acinar apoptosis during SAP progression, highlighting novel therapeutic target molecules for SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hui Tan
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Chang Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Zhou
- Department of the Electronic Microscope Room, Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huo-Ji Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Chen Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ling Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ji Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Dong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Crit Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xiao J, Huang K, Lin H, Xia Z, Zhang J, Li D, Jin J. Mogroside II E Inhibits Digestive Enzymes via Suppression of Interleukin 9/Interleukin 9 Receptor Signalling in Acute Pancreatitis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 32587518 PMCID: PMC7298197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatitis (AP) is increasing and there is no specific treatment available. Intracellular digestive enzyme activation is a key event in the pathogenesis of AP downstream of cytosolic calcium overload and impaired autophagy. Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) was used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to reduce inflammation and facilitate bowel movement. The bioactive components of this plant show hypolipedimic, antidiabetic, antifibrotic activity and have been used against pancreatic cancer. Here, we examined whether mogroside IIE, a major bioactive component of unripe S. grosvenorii fruit, can protect against AP. We found that mogroside IIE decreased the activity of trypsin and cathepsin B induced by cerulein plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J and primary acinar cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mogroside IIE treatment decreased the levels of serum lipase and serum amylase in mice injected with cerulein plus LPS without influencing inflammation significantly. A multi-cytokine array revealed that mogroside IIE decreased the level of interleukin 9 (IL-9) in AP mice. Exogenous IL-9 eliminated the mogroside IIE induced reduction of trypsin and cathepsin B activity and reversed the inhibition of cytosolic calcium and modulation of autophagy mediated by mogroside IIE. An IL-9 receptor antibody neutralized the effect of IL-9, restoring mogroside IIE activity. The mogroside IIE targeted IL-9 may partially arise from Th9 cells. Taken together, we provide experimental evidence that mogroside IIE ameliorates AP in cell models and mice through downregulation of the IL-9/IL-9 receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Houmin Lin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Dianpeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sphingolipid Metabolism (Incubated), Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Koźma EM, Kuźnik-Trocha K, Winsz-Szczotka K, Wisowski G, Olczyk P, Komosińska-Vassev K, Kasperczyk M, Olczyk K. Significant Remodeling Affects the Circulating Glycosaminoglycan Profile in Adult Patients with both Severe and Mild Forms of Acute Pancreatitis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051308. [PMID: 32370095 PMCID: PMC7290898 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) manifests itself either as a mild, self-limiting inflammation or a severe, systemic inflammatory process that is associated with various complications and a high mortality rate. It is unknown whether these two forms of the disease can differ in the profile of circulating glycosaminoglycans, which are molecules with huge biological reactivity due to a high density of negative electric charge. Plasma glycosaminoglycans were characterized/quantified in 23 healthy controls, 32 patients with mild AP, and 15 individuals with severe disease using electrophoresis with enzymatic identification (chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate) or an ELISA-based test (hyaluronan). Moreover, the correlations between the glycosaminoglycan levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. Both forms of AP showed similar remodeling of the plasma profile of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans. In contrast, only in the patients with mild AP was the level of circulating hyaluronan significantly decreased as compared to the healthy controls. Both forms of AP are associated with systemic changes in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans. However, the alterations in hyaluronan metabolism may contribute to the disease evolution. The circulating hyaluronan may have some clinical value to predict the severity of AP and to evaluate the clinical status of patients with severe AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M. Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostisc, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.W.-S.); (G.W.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostisc, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.W.-S.); (G.W.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostisc, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.W.-S.); (G.W.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostisc, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.W.-S.); (G.W.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Paweł Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostisc, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.W.-S.); (G.W.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
| | - Mariusz Kasperczyk
- Department of General Surgery and Multiorgan Injuries, The St. Barbara’s Specialist Hospital, Plac Medyków 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostisc, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.W.-S.); (G.W.); (K.K.-V.); (K.O.)
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Yasuda H, Horibe M, Sanui M, Sasaki M, Suzuki N, Sawano H, Goto T, Ikeura T, Takeda T, Oda T, Ogura Y, Miyazaki D, Kitamura K, Chiba N, Ozaki T, Yamashita T, Koinuma T, Oshima T, Yamamoto T, Hirota M, Sato M, Miyamoto K, Mine T, Misumi T, Takeda Y, Iwasaki E, Kanai T, Mayumi T. Etiology and mortality in severe acute pancreatitis: A multicenter study in Japan. Pancreatology 2020; 20:307-317. [PMID: 32198057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has a high mortality rate despite ongoing attempts to improve prognosis through a various therapeutic modalities. This study aimed to delineate etiology-based routes that may guide clinical decisions for the treatment of SAP. METHODS Using data from a recent retrospective multicenter study in Japan, we analyzed the association between clinical outcomes, mainly in-hospital mortality and pancreatic infection, and various etiologies while considering confounding factors. We performed additional multivariate analyses and built decision tree models. RESULTS The 1097 participating patients were classified into the following groups by etiology: alcohol (n = 436, 39.7%); cholelithiasis (n = 230, 21.0%); idiopathic (n = 227, 20.7%); and others (n = 204, 18.6%). Mortality at hospital discharge was 8.4%, 12.2%, 16.7%, and 16.2% in the alcohol, cholelithiasis, idiopathic, and others groups, respectively. According to multivariable analysis, early enteral nutrition (EN) was significantly associated with reduced in-hospital mortality only in the cholelithiasis group. However, there was a consistent association between age and the need for mechanical ventilation and increased mortality, regardless of etiology. Our decision tree models presented different contributing factors depending on the etiology and patient background. Interaction analysis showed that EN and the use of prophylactic antibiotics may influence these results differently according to etiology. CONCLUSIONS No study has yet used comprehensive models to investigate etiology-related prognostic factors for SAP; our results can, therefore, be used as a reference for improving clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Yasuda
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, 929, Higashi-chou, Kamogawa-shi, Chiba, Japan; Department of Clinical Research Education and Training Unit, Keio University Hospital Clinical and Translational Research Center (CTR), Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayasu Horibe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Sanui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhito Sasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, 1-26-1, Kyounancho, Musasino City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sawano
- Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital, 1-1-6 Tsukumodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Goto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, 7-33, Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Oda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, 3-83 Yoshiomachi, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Miyazaki
- Advanced Emergency Medical and Critical Care Center, Japanese Redcross Maebashi Hospital, 3-21-36, Asahi-cho, Maebashi City, Gunma, Japan; Department of Medicine, Harima Rehabiritation Program Center, 675-1297, 544 Sousa, Yahata-chou, Kakogawa-city, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Chiba
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ozaki
- Department of Acute Care and General Medicine, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, 5-3-1, Chikami, Minami-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Emergency Medical Center, Fukuyama City Hospital, 5-23-1, Zaocho, Fukuyama City, Hiroshima, Japan; Acute Care Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Kakogawa Medical Center, 203 Kanno, Kanno-cho, Kakogawa City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Koinuma
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taku Oshima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yamamoto
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Morihisa Hirota
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sato
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1, Miwa, Kurashiki City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyohei Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama-City, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuyo Misumi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeda
- Internal Medicine (Gastroenterology), Tokyo Rosai Hospital, 4-13-21, Ohmori-Minami, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mayumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahata Nishi, KitaKyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abdolmohammadi K, Mahmoudi T, Nojehdehi S, Tayebi L, Hashemi SM, Noorbakhsh F, Abdollahi A, Soleimani M, Nikbin B, Nicknam MH. Effect of Hypoxia Preconditioned Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Mice. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:297-306. [PMID: 32373500 PMCID: PMC7191232 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder distinguished by tissue injury and inflammation of the pancreas. Using paracrine potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provides a useful clinical approach in treating inflammatory diseases. We investigated the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived MSC conditioned medium (CM) and hypoxia preconditioned adipose-derived MSC conditioned medium (HCM) in cerulein-induced AP in mice. Methods: AP was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (75 μg/ kg/h × 7 times). One hour following the last injection of cerulein, mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of CM and HCM (500 µL/mice/30 min × 3 times). Twelve hours following the treatment, serum levels of amylase and lipase were measured. In addition, pancreas pathological changes, immunohistochemical examinations for evaluation of IL-6 expression and pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity were analyzed. Results: The in vitro results of the morphological, differentiation and immunophenotyping analyses confirmed that hypoxia preconditioned MSCs (HP-MSCs) conserve MSCs characteristics after preconditioning. However, HP-MSCs significantly expressed high mRNA level of hypoxia inducible factor 1-α and higher level of total protein. The in vivo findings of the current study showed that CM and HCM significantly reduced the amylase & lipase activity, the severity of pancreas tissue injury and the expression of IL-6 and MPO enzyme activity compared with the AP group. However, no significant difference between CM and HCM groups was demonstrated. Conclusion: Use of CM and HCM can attenuate cerulein-induced AP and decrease inflammation in the pancreas tissue in AP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Abdolmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Nikbin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Critical Role of TFEB-Mediated Lysosomal Biogenesis in Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis in Mice and Humans. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:59-81. [PMID: 31987928 PMCID: PMC7210479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol abuse is the major cause of experimental and human pancreatitis but the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We investigated the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis. METHODS Using a chronic plus acute alcohol binge (referred to as Gao-binge) mouse model, we analyzed pancreas injury, autophagic flux, zymogen granule removal, TFEB nuclear translocation and lysosomal biogenesis in GFP-LC3 transgenic mice, acinar cell-specific Atg5 knockout (KO) and TFEB KO mice as well as their matched wild type mice. RESULTS We found that Gao-binge alcohol induced typical features of pancreatitis in mice with increased serum amylase and lipase activities, pancreatic edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, accumulation of zymogen granules (ZGs) and expression of inflammatory cytokines. While Gao-binge alcohol increased the number of autophagosomes, it also concurrently inhibited TFEB nuclear translocation and TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis resulting in insufficient autophagy. Acinar cell-specific Atg5 KO and acinar cell-specific TFEB KO mice developed severe inflammatory and fibrotic pancreatitis in both Gao-binge alcohol and control diet-fed mice. In contrast, TFEB overexpression inhibited alcohol-induced pancreatic edema, accumulation of zymogen granules and serum amylase and lipase activities. In line with our findings in mice, decreased LAMP1 and TFEB nuclear staining were also observed in human alcoholic pancreatitis tissues. CONCLUSIONS our results indicate that TFEB plays a critical role in maintaining pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis. Impairment of TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis by alcohol may lead to insufficient autophagy and promote alcohol-induced pancreatitis.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) are still not completely understood. An early, critical feature of AP is aberrant calcium (Ca) signaling, termed Ca overload, within pancreatic acinar cells. This study aimed to develop a model system in rats for AP induction to study the contribution of the Na-Ca exchanger 1 (NCX1) ion channel in AP pathogenesis. METHODS To establish a rat model of AP induction, cerulein or L-arginine were intraperitoneally injected and tissue was histologically analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. A cell culture-based model for AP induction was similarly created through cerulein treatment of AR42J cells. Induction of AP was also examined following exposure to the NXC1-targeted inhibitor KB-R7943. The expression of each gene was detected by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional regulation by nuclear factor (NF)-κB was detected using an NCX1 promoter-fusion dual luciferase reporter system. Cytosolic Ca was measured using a fluorescent calcium indicator. RESULTS We found that cerulein induced NCX1 expression via activation of nuclear factor NF-κB, which potentially binds to the NCX1 promoter to induce its transcription. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a regulatory pathway through NF-κB/NCX1 governing Ca overload in AP development, thus providing potential targets for AP treatment.
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α Knockdown Plus Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates the Predominance of Necrosis over Apoptosis by Relieving Cellular Energy Stress in Acute Pancreatitis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4363672. [PMID: 31281575 PMCID: PMC6589200 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4363672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) genetic inhibition plus glutamine (Gln) supplementation on necrosis-apoptosis imbalance during acute pancreatitis (AP), with a specific focus on the regulations of intracellular energy metabolism status. Wistar rats and AR42J cells were used to establish AP models. When indicated, a HIF-1α knockdown with or without a Gln supplementation was administered. In vivo, local and systemic inflammatory injuries were assessed by serum cytokine measurement, H&E staining, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of pancreatic tissue. In vitro, intracellular energy metabolism status was evaluated by measuring the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid, and Ca2+ concentrations and the mitochondrial potential. In addition, changes in the apoptotic activity were analyzed using TUNEL staining in vivo and an apoptosis assay in vitro. HIF-1α knockdown alleviated AP-related inflammatory injury as indicated by the measurements of serum cytokines and examinations of TEM and H&E staining of pancreatic tissues. HIF-1α knockdown played an antioxidative role against AP-related injuries by preventing the increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently by suppressing the glycolysis pathway and increasing energy anabolism in AR42J cells after AP induction. Apoptosis was significantly upregulated when HIF-1α was knocked down before AP induction due to an attenuation of the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B to the nuclei. Furthermore, these merits of HIF-1α knockdown in the relief of the metabolic stress and upregulation of apoptosis were more significant when Gln was administered concomitantly. In conclusion, Gln-supplemented HIF-1α knockdown might be promising for the future management of AP by relieving the intracellular energy stress, thereby attenuating the predominance of necrosis over apoptosis.
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Chen Y, Xiang W, Li X, Wang D, Qian C. Rosiglitazone prevents acute pancreatitis through inhibiting microRNA-26a expression. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1246-1252. [PMID: 31363368 PMCID: PMC6614723 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of rosiglitazone on the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP) and pancreas injury, and the underlying mechanism. An AP rat model was established using caerulein and validated by detection of amylase, lipase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) serum levels. Pancreatic injury was assessed by pathological examination. The expression levels of microRNA (miR)-26a in AP rats and AR42J cells were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Luciferase reporter gene assay was applied for detecting whether miR-26a bound to the target gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The regulatory effect of rosiglitazone on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was analyzed by western blot analysis. Results demonstrated that establishment of an AP model was successful with severe pancreas injury and classic AP phenotypes observed in rats. Increased serum expression of amylase, lipase, TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β were observed in AP rats. Rosiglitazone pretreatment prevented AP progression through suppression of miR-26a expression via binding to and degrading PTEN. Western blot analysis demonstrated that rosiglitazone blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through PTEN. In conclusion, it was determined that rosiglitazone prevented AP by downregulating miR-26a via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Daming Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Qian
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Miao B, Qi WJ, Zhang SW, Wang H, Wang C, Hu L, Huang GW, Li SR, Wang H. miR-148a suppresses autophagy by down-regulation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2019; 19:557-565. [PMID: 31122822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a type of sterile inflammation of the pancreas, potentially leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiple organ failure. An emerging evidence that dysfunction of miRNA expression may alter pivotal physiological functions and lead to inflammation infiltration and complication of multiple diseases, including AP. Here, the AP model was successfully replicated using cerulein in vitro and in vivo. RT-qPCR was used to detect low expression of miR-148a in AP. This study verified that IL-6 was a direct target of miR-148a. Over-expression of miR-148a decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 by RT-qPCR and Elisa. Moreover, over-expression of miR-148a improved the pathological state of AP through H&E and MPO staining and transmission electron microscopy. After over-expressing miR-148a, Western blot and immunohistochemical method were used to confirm the reduction of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, blockade of the levels of p-STAT3, LC3-II, ATG7, ATG4c, Beclin1 and the increased p62 expression in AP. The expression of LAMP-2 was not significantly different. In addition, IL-6 and AG490, the IL-6/STAT3 signaling inhibitor, were used to verify the role of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in the regulation of miR-148a on autophagy in cerulein-induced AP in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-148a suppresses autophagy via regulating IL-6/STAT3 signaling in cerulein-induced AP in vitro and in vivo. The miR-148a appears to be a promising candidate for the gene therapy of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Miao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Wen-Jie Qi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Shu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Guang-Wei Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Shi-Rong Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
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44
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Hu Y, Dai J, Zong G, Xiao J, Guo X, Dai Y, Lu Z, Wan R. Restoration of p53 acetylation by HDAC inhibition permits the necrosis/apoptosis switch of pancreatic ainar cell during experimental pancreatitis in mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21988-21998. [PMID: 31058328 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guanzhao Zong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xingya Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yiqi Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Rong Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Garg PK, Singh VP. Organ Failure Due to Systemic Injury in Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:2008-2023. [PMID: 30768987 PMCID: PMC6486861 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis may be associated with both local and systemic complications. Systemic injury manifests in the form of organ failure, which is seen in approximately 20% of all cases of acute pancreatitis and defines "severe acute pancreatitis." Organ failure typically develops early in the course of acute pancreatitis, but also may develop later due to infected pancreatic necrosis-induced sepsis. Organ failure is the most important determinant of outcome in acute pancreatitis. We review here the current understanding of the risk factors, pathophysiology, timing, impact on outcome, and therapy of organ failure in acute pancreatitis. As we discuss the pathophysiology of severe systemic injury, the distinctions between markers and mediators of severity are highlighted based on evidence supporting their causality in organ failure. Emphasis is placed on clinically relevant end points of organ failure and the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological perturbations, which offer insight into potential therapeutic targets to treat.
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Saluja A, Dudeja V, Dawra R, Sah RP. Early Intra-Acinar Events in Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1979-1993. [PMID: 30776339 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Premature activation of digestive enzymes in the pancreas has been linked to development of pancreatitis for more than a century. Recent development of novel models to study the role of pathologic enzyme activation has led to advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of pancreatic injury. Colocalization of zymogen and lysosomal fraction occurs early after pancreatitis-causing stimulus. Cathepsin B activates trypsinogen in these colocalized organelles. Active trypsin increases permeability of these organelles resulting in leakage of cathepsin B into the cytosol leading to acinar cell death. Although trypsin-mediated cell death leads to pancreatic injury in early stages of pancreatitis, multiple parallel mechanisms, including activation of inflammatory cascades, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the acinar cells are now recognized to be important in driving the profound systemic inflammatory response and extensive pancreatic injury seen in acute pancreatitis. Chymotrypsin, another acinar protease, has recently been shown be play critical role in clearance of pathologically activated trypsin protecting against pancreatic injury. Mutations in trypsin and other genes thought to be associated with pathologic enzyme activation (such as serine protease inhibitor 1) have been found in familial forms of pancreatitis. Sustained intra-acinar activation of nuclear factor κB pathway seems to be key pathogenic mechanism in chronic pancreatitis. Better understanding of these mechanisms will hopefully allow us to improve treatment strategies in acute and chronic pancreatitis.
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Yan H, Jiang L, Zou H, Chen T, Liang H, Tang L. PTEN suppresses the inflammation, viability, and motility of AP-AR42J cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5460-5469. [PMID: 35515912 PMCID: PMC9060792 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP), a kind of common acute abdominal disease and typical chemical inflammation, is commonly caused by pancreatin digestion of the pancreas and surrounding tissues. The gene for phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor that regulates numerous cellular processes. In the present study, we have elaborately investigated the effect of PTEN on the alleviating of AP and its underlying mechanisms. Firstly, we demonstrated an up-regulation of PTEN in the pancreatic tissues from AP rats by immunochemistry, qRT-PCR and western-blot assays. Subsequently, cellular experiments exhibited that PTEN has a significant inhibition effect on the proliferation, invasion and migration of AP cells. Further underlying mechanism studies showed that the growth of AP cells was mainly restrained by PTEN in the G1 phase through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which can be demonstrated by the down-regulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IL-1β. Taking these results together, we can draw the conclusion that PTEN plays a significant role in suppressing the inflammation, viability and motility of acute pancreatitis and could be a potential target for AP therapies. Acute pancreatitis (AP), a kind of common acute abdominal disease and typical chemical inflammation, is commonly caused by pancreatin digestion of the pancreas and surrounding tissues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Yan
- General Surgery Center of PLA, General Hospital of Western Theater Command No. 270 Rong Du Road, Jinniu District Chengdu Sichuan Province 610083 P. R. China +86-028-86570326
| | - Li Jiang
- Cardiac Care Unit of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chengdu Sichuan 610083 P. R. China
| | - Hong Zou
- General Surgery Center of PLA, General Hospital of Western Theater Command No. 270 Rong Du Road, Jinniu District Chengdu Sichuan Province 610083 P. R. China +86-028-86570326
| | - Tao Chen
- General Surgery Center of PLA, General Hospital of Western Theater Command No. 270 Rong Du Road, Jinniu District Chengdu Sichuan Province 610083 P. R. China +86-028-86570326
| | - Hongyin Liang
- General Surgery Center of PLA, General Hospital of Western Theater Command No. 270 Rong Du Road, Jinniu District Chengdu Sichuan Province 610083 P. R. China +86-028-86570326
| | - Lijun Tang
- General Surgery Center of PLA, General Hospital of Western Theater Command No. 270 Rong Du Road, Jinniu District Chengdu Sichuan Province 610083 P. R. China +86-028-86570326
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48
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Tao L, Lin X, Tan S, Lei Y, Liu H, Guo Y, Zheng F, Wu B. β-Arrestin1 alleviates acute pancreatitis via repression of NF-κBp65 activation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:284-292. [PMID: 30144357 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM β-Arrestins (β-arrs) are regulators and mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling that are functionally involved in inflammation. Nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κBp65) activation has been observed early in the onset of pancreatitis. However, the effect of β-arrs in acute pancreatitis (AP) is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether β-arrs are involved in AP through activation of NF-κBp65. METHODS Acute pancreatitis was induced by either caerulein injection or choline-deficient supplemented with ethionine diet (CDE). β-arr1 wild-type and β-arr1 knockout mice were used in the experiment. The survival rate was calculated in the CDE model mice. Histological and western blot analyses were performed in the caerulein model. Inflammatory mediators were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the caerulein-induced AP mice. Furthermore, AR42J and PANC-1 cell lines were used to further study the effects of β-arr1 in caerulein-induced pancreatic cells. RESULTS β-Arr1 but not β-arr2 is significantly downregulated in caerulein-induced AP in mice. Targeted deletion of β-arr1 notably upregulated expression of the pancreatic inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β as well as interleukin 6 and aggravated AP in caerulein-induced mice. β-Arr1 deficiency increased mortality in mice with CDE-induced AP. Further, β-arr1 deficiency enhanced caerulein-induced phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION β-Arr1 alleviates AP via repression of NF-κBp65 activation, and it is a potentially therapeutic target for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Hansen SEJ, Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. Low-Grade Inflammation in the Association between Mild-to-Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Study of More Than 115000 Individuals from the General Population. Clin Chem 2018; 65:321-332. [PMID: 30518661 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.294926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (2-10 mmol/L; 177-886 mg/dL) potentially causes acute pancreatitis is unknown; however, cellular studies indicate that inflammation might be a driver of disease progression. We tested the hypotheses that (a) mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia is associated with low-grade inflammation and that (b) the association between mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia and risk of acute pancreatitis depends on low-grade inflammation. METHODS From the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 117865 men and women 20-100+ years of age with measurements of nonfasting plasma triglycerides at baseline were followed prospectively for development of acute pancreatitis. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, a 1 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) higher nonfasting triglyceride concentration was associated with 17% (95% CI, 16%-18%, P = 3 × 10-17) higher plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and a 4.2% (4.0%-4.4%, P = 6 × 10-17) higher blood leukocyte count. Higher concentrations of nonfasting triglycerides were associated almost linearly with higher risk of acute pancreatitis (P for trend = 5 × 10-6), with hazard ratios of 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.5), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.1-3.6), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-4.7), 4.2 (95% CI, 1.6-11.5), and 7.7 (95% CI, 3.0-19.8) in individuals with nonfasting triglycerides of 1.00-1.99 mmol/L (89-176 mg/dL; 46% of the population), 2.00-2.99 mmol/L (177-265 mg/dL; 17%), 3.00-3.99 mmol/L (266-353 mg/dL; 6%), 4.00-4.99 mmol/L (354-442 mg/dL; 2%), and ≥5mmol/L(443 mg/dL; 2%), respectively, vs individuals with <1 mmol/L (89 mg/dL; 27%). The association with risk of acute pancreatitis appeared more pronounced in individuals with CRP of ≥1.39 mg/L (P for trend = 0.001) and leukocytes of ≥7 × 109/L (P = 2 × 10-4) than in those with CRP <1.39 mg/L (P = 0.03) and leukocytes <7 × 109/L (P = 0.04); however, there was no formal evidence of statistical interaction (P = 0.38 for CRP and P = 0.41 for leukocytes). CONCLUSIONS Mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia is associated with low-grade inflammation and higher risk of acute pancreatitis. The association between mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia and risk of acute pancreatitis is possibly partly mediated by low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe E J Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian M Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; .,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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50
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Anchi P, Khurana A, Swain D, Samanthula G, Godugu C. Sustained-Release Curcumin Microparticles for Effective Prophylactic Treatment of Exocrine Dysfunction of Pancreas: A Preclinical Study on Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2869-2882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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