1
|
Zhang L, Zhang T, Chen X, Wang F, Liu L, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Si Y, Yang N. Overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase improves high-density lipoprotein function in swine. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 172:106817. [PMID: 38331090 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death worldwide. As a chronic inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis (AS) acts as the initiating factor for CVD and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in its development. Superoxide dismutases (SOD) can alleviate the detrimental effects of ROS and serve as the first line of defense through detoxifying the products derived from oxidative stress in vivo. Considering the potential preventive effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on AS and the close relationship between CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and HDL, the present work investigated whether CuZnSOD overexpression in swine could improve the function of HDL. Seven CuZnSOD transgenic swine, constructed by sperm and magnetic nanoparticles, demonstrated overexpressed CuZnSOD in the liver (P < 0.01) but comparable level to control in plasma (P > 0.05). CuZnSOD overexpression significantly down-regulated the levels of triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) (P < 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.01) in plasma. In the presence of CuZnSOD overexpression, HDL3 significantly inhibited levels of IL-6 and TNF-α induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) (P < 0.05), indicating enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of HDL. At the same time, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux did not decrease (P > 0.05). CuZnSOD overexpression improves the anti-inflammatory function of HDL despite decreased levels of HDL-C. In Conclusion, CuZnSOD overexpression improves HDL function in swine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Animal Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Medical Laboratory Animal Center, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Medical Laboratory Animal Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Medical Laboratory Animal Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongqing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanhong Si
- Basic Medical College, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Nana Yang
- Medical Laboratory Animal Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China; Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Norda S, Papadantonaki R. Regulation of cells of the arterial wall by hypoxia and its role in the development of atherosclerosis. VASA 2023; 52:6-21. [PMID: 36484144 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell's response to hypoxia depends on stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 complex and transactivation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). HIF target gene transcription in cells resident to atherosclerotic lesions adjoins a complex interplay of cytokines and mediators of inflammation affecting cholesterol uptake, migration, and inflammation. Maladaptive activation of the HIF-pathway and transactivation of nuclear factor kappa-B causes monocytes to invade early atherosclerotic lesions, maintaining inflammation and aggravating a low-oxygen environment. Meanwhile HIF-dependent upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 causes attenuation of cholesterol efflux and ultimately macrophages becoming foam cells. Hypoxia facilitates neovascularization by upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells lining the arterial wall destabilizing the plaque. HIF-knockout animal models and inhibitor studies were able to show beneficial effects on atherogenesis by counteracting the HIF-pathway in the cell wall. In this review the authors elaborate on the up-to-date literature on regulation of cells of the arterial wall through activation of HIF-1α and its effect on atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Norda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Rosa Papadantonaki
- Emergency Department, West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhou X, Ding F, Yang Y, Du S, Wang H, Van Eck M, Wang J. Specific Loss of ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Suppresses TCR (T-Cell Receptor) Signaling and Provides Protection Against Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e311-e326. [PMID: 36252122 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) mediates cholesterol efflux to apo AI to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The current study aims to investigate whether T-cell-specific deletion of ABCA1 modulates the phenotype/function of T cells and the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of ABCA1 on low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) background (Abca1CD4-/CD4-Ldlr-/-) were generated by multiple steps of (cross)-breedings among Abca1flox/flox, CD4-Cre, and Ldlr-/- mice. RESULTS Deletions of ABCA1 greatly suppressed cholesterol efflux to apo AI but slightly reduced membrane lipid rafts on T cells probably due to the upregulation of ABCG1. Moreover, ABCA1 deficiency impaired TCR (T-cell receptor) signaling and inhibited the survival and proliferation of T cells as well as the formation of effector memory T cells. Despite the comparable levels of plasma total cholesterol after Western-type diet feeding, Abca1CD4-/CD4-Ldlr-/- mice showed significantly attenuated arterial accumulations of T cells and smaller atherosclerotic lesions than Abca1+/+Ldlr-/-controls, which were associated with reduced surface CCR5 (CC motif chemokine receptor 5) and CXCR3 (CXC motif chemokine receptor 3), decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma extra-large), and hampered abilities to produce IL (interleukin)-2 and IFN (interferon)-γ by ABCA1-deficient T cells. CONCLUSIONS ABCA1 is essential for T-cell cholesterol homeostasis. Deletion of ABCA1 in T cells impairs TCR signaling, suppresses the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of T cells, thereby providing atheroprotection in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Immunology (X.Z.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Pathophysiology (Y.Z., L.Z., L.L., F.D., Y.Y., S.D.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biology & Medical Sciences (H.W., J.W.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics (M.V.E.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.,Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy (M.V.E.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.,Pharmacy Leiden, the Netherlands (M.V.E.)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biology & Medical Sciences (H.W., J.W.), Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The exogenous lipoprotein pathway starts with the incorporation of dietary lipids into chylomicrons in the intestine. Chylomicron triglycerides are metabolized in muscle and adipose tissue and chylomicron remnants are formed, which are removed by the liver. The endogenous lipoprotein pathway begins in the liver with the formation of very low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL). VLDL triglycerides are metabolized in muscle and adipose tissue forming intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), which may be taken up by the liver or further metabolized to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Reverse cholesterol transport begins with the formation of nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by the liver and intestine that acquire cholesterol from cells resulting in mature HDL. The HDL then transports the cholesterol to the liver either directly or indirectly by transferring the cholesterol to VLDL or LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Feingold
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94117, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Zhao ZW, Zeng PH, Zhou YJ, Yin WJ. Molecular mechanisms for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1121-1139. [PMID: 35192423 PMCID: PMC9103275 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2042777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cell function and viability. Excessive cholesterol accumulation is detrimental to cells and serves as the molecular basis of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes mellitus. The peripheral cells do not have the ability to degrade cholesterol. Cholesterol efflux is therefore the only pathway to eliminate excessive cholesterol from these cells. This process is predominantly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), an integral membrane protein. ABCA1 is known to transfer intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for generating nascent high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles. nHDL can accept more free cholesterol from peripheral cells. Free cholesterol is then converted to cholesteryl ester by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase to form mature HDL. HDL-bound cholesterol enters the liver for biliary secretion and fecal excretion. Although how cholesterol is transported by ABCA1 to apoA-I remains incompletely understood, nine models have been proposed to explain this effect. In this review, we focus on the current view of the mechanisms underlying ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to provide an important framework for future investigation and lipid-lowering therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng-Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,CONTACT Wen-Jun Yin Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang L, Song Z, Pan Y, Zhao T, Shi Y, Xing J, Ju A, Zhou L, Ye L. PM 2.5 promoted lipid accumulation in macrophage via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways and aggravating the inflammatory reaction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112872. [PMID: 34624536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lipid accumulation in macrophages may lead to macrophages foaming, which is the most important pathological process of atherosclerosis. Atmospheric PM2.5 could enter the blood circulation and further affect the lipid metabolism of macrophages. But the underlying mechanism is not unclear. This study was undertaken to clarify the effect of PM2.5 on lipid metabolism in macrophages, and to explore the role of inflammatory reaction and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in this process. METHOD Macrophages derived from THP-1 cells were exposed to PM2.5 (0,100,200,400 μg/mL) for 6 h and 12 h. STAT3 agonist ColivelinTFA is used to specifically excite STAT3. The survival rate of macrophages was detected by CCK-8. The lipid levels in macrophages were detected by colorimetry. The levels of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages were detected by ELISA. Q-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels, and Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of JAK2/STAT3 pathway genes. RESULT The survival rate of macrophages was reduced by PM2.5, and the levels of TG, T-CHO and LDL-C of macrophages exposed to PM2.5 were increased. PM2.5 led to the increasing level of IL-6 and the decreasing level of IL-4, and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was inhibited by PM2.5. Colivelin TFA significantly decreased the increasing levels of TG, T-CHO and LDL-C levels, and increased the decreasing mRNA levels of IL-4, and LPL induced by PM2.5 (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION PM2.5 could cause the lipid accumulation of macrophages by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and inflammatory responses may be involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zikai Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China; The Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jilin Provincial Institute of Public Health), Changchun, China.
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China.
| | - Jiqiang Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Aipeng Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pinzon Grimaldos A, Bini S, Pacella I, Rossi A, Di Costanzo A, Minicocci I, D’Erasmo L, Arca M, Piconese S. The role of lipid metabolism in shaping the expansion and the function of regulatory T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 208:181-192. [PMID: 35020862 PMCID: PMC9188345 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation, defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation, is implicated in numerous metabolic diseases. In recent years, the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as key controllers of metabolic inflammation has emerged, but our comprehension on how different metabolic pathways influence Treg functions needs a deeper understanding. Here we focus on how circulating and intracellular lipid metabolism, in particular cholesterol metabolism, regulates Treg homeostasis, expansion, and functions. Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream by circulating lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins). Tregs are equipped with a wide array of metabolic sensors able to perceive and respond to changes in the lipid environment through the activation of different intracellular pathways thus conferring to these cells a crucial metabolic and functional plasticity. Nevertheless, altered cholesterol transport, as observed in genetic dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis, impairs Treg proliferation and function through defective cellular metabolism. The intracellular pathway devoted to the cholesterol synthesis is the mevalonate pathway and several studies have shown that this pathway is essential for Treg stability and suppressive activity. High cholesterol concentrations in the extracellular environment may induce massive accumulation of cholesterol inside the cell thus impairing nutrients sensors and inhibiting the mevalonate pathway. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of circulating and cellular cholesterol metabolism in the regulation of Treg metabolism and functions. In particular, we will discuss how different pathological conditions affecting cholesterol transport may affect cellular metabolism in Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Minicocci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura D’Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Correspondence: Silvia Piconese, Department of Internal Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akinmolayemi O, Saldanha S, Joshi PH, Deodhar S, Ayers CR, Neeland IJ, Rohatgi A. Cholesterol efflux capacity and its association with prevalent metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic population (Dallas Heart Study). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257574. [PMID: 34547056 PMCID: PMC8454977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by adiposity and atherogenic dyslipidemia consisting of elevated triglyceride and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels however, cholesterol concentration alone does not reflect HDL functionality. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) captures a key anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL; studies linking CEC to MetS have yielded inconsistent findings and lacked racial/ethnic diversity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CEC and MetS in a large multi-ethnic population utilizing two different CEC assays interrogating overlapping but distinct reverse cholesterol transport pathways. A cross-sectional study was performed using the Dallas Heart Study cohort and cholesterol efflux was measured with radiolabeled and fluorescent cholesterol assays. The relationship between CEC and MetS was assessed using multivariable regression analyses. A total of 2241 participants were included (mean age was 50 years; 38% men and 53% Blacks). CEC was independently and inversely associated with MetS irrespective of efflux assay (CEC-radiolabeled, adjusted OR 0·71 [95% CI 0·65-0·80]. CEC-fluorescent, adjusted OR 0·85 [95% CI 0·77-0·94]). Both CEC measures were inversely associated with waist circumference and directly associated with HDL-C but not with other MetS components. There was an interaction by sex but not by race such that the inverse associations between CEC and MetS were somewhat attenuated in men (OR 0·86, 95%CI 0·74-1·01). In this large multi-ethnic cohort, impaired CEC is linked to MetS irrespective of efflux assay and race/ethnicity but less so among men. Future studies are needed to assess whether CEC mediates the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oludamilola Akinmolayemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Saldanha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Parag H. Joshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sneha Deodhar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colby R. Ayers
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ian J. Neeland
- University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adorni MP, Ronda N, Bernini F, Zimetti F. High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030574. [PMID: 33807918 PMCID: PMC8002038 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qi Z, Jiang C, Gao H, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu J. Endocytic recycling as cellular trafficking fate of simvastatin-loaded discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoprotein to coordinate cholesterol efflux and drug influx. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 32:102323. [PMID: 33186693 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDLs) hold promise as nanocarriers for atherosclerosis-targeted delivery, with biofunctions typified by mediating cholesterol efflux. The paradox is how rHDL offloads the delivered drugs into atherosclerotic foam cells, while simultaneously transferring cholesterol out of cells. Herein, simvastatin-loaded discoidal rHDL (ST-d-rHDL), constructed based on established paradigms, was employed to investigate its basic trafficking mechanism in foam cells. As proved, ST-d-rHDL was resecreted via lysosomal and Golgi apparatus-recycling endosome-mediated pathways following clathrin-mediated endocytosis. And the resecretion ratio reached 60% within 6-h chase with excessive ST-d-rHDLs. During the rHDL resecretion, 39% of cellular cholesterol efflux was detected, accompanied by 85% of the encapsulated cargo released intracellularly. Furthermore, the recycling rate was demonstrated to be promoted by smaller rHDL size and higher cellular lipid contents. Collectively, endocytic recycling confers the synergism in ST-d-rHDL to coordinate cholesterol efflux and intracellular drug release, providing new insights into design of biofunctional rHDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai, PR China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hai Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its main protein component apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, play an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that HDLs comprise of a very heterogeneous group of particles, not only regarding size but also composition. HDL's best described function is its role in the reverse cholesterol transport, where lipid-free apoA-I or small HDLs can accept and take up cholesterol from peripheral cells and subsequently transport this to the liver for excretion. However, several other functions have also been described, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. In this article, the general features, synthesis and metabolism of apoA-I and HDLs will be discussed. Additionally, an overview of HDL functions will be given, especially in the context of some major pathologies like cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Finally, the therapeutic potential of raising HDL will be discussed, focussing on the difficulties of the past and the promises of the future.
Collapse
|
12
|
Goossens P, Rodriguez-Vita J, Etzerodt A, Masse M, Rastoin O, Gouirand V, Ulas T, Papantonopoulou O, Van Eck M, Auphan-Anezin N, Bebien M, Verthuy C, Vu Manh TP, Turner M, Dalod M, Schultze JL, Lawrence T. Membrane Cholesterol Efflux Drives Tumor-Associated Macrophage Reprogramming and Tumor Progression. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1376-1389.e4. [PMID: 30930171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages possess intrinsic tumoricidal activity, yet tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) rapidly adopt an alternative phenotype within the tumor microenvironment that is marked by tumor-promoting immunosuppressive and trophic functions. The mechanisms that promote such TAM polarization remain poorly understood, but once identified, they may represent important therapeutic targets to block the tumor-promoting functions of TAMs and restore their anti-tumor potential. Here, we have characterized TAMs in a mouse model of metastatic ovarian cancer. We show that ovarian cancer cells promote membrane-cholesterol efflux and depletion of lipid rafts from macrophages. Increased cholesterol efflux promoted IL-4-mediated reprogramming, including inhibition of IFNγ-induced gene expression. Genetic deletion of ABC transporters, which mediate cholesterol efflux, reverts the tumor-promoting functions of TAMs and reduces tumor progression. These studies reveal an unexpected role for membrane-cholesterol efflux in driving TAM-mediated tumor progression while pointing to a potentially novel anti-tumor therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Goossens
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France; Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Marion Masse
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Olivia Rastoin
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Victoire Gouirand
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Olympia Papantonopoulou
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Universiteit Leiden, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Magali Bebien
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France
| | | | | | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Marc Dalod
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Toby Lawrence
- CNRS, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CIML, Marseille 13009, France; Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Micriboal Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El Khoury P, Couvert P, Elbitar S, Ghaleb Y, Abou-Khalil Y, Azar Y, Ayoub C, Superville A, Guérin M, Rabès JP, Varret M, Boileau C, Jambart S, Giral P, Carrié A, Le Goff W, Abifadel M. Identification of the first Tangier disease patient in Lebanon carrying a new pathogenic variant in ABCA1. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:1374-1382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
14
|
Pizzini A, Lunger L, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Weiss G, Ebenbichler C, Tancevski I. The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Reverse Cholesterol Transport: A Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101099. [PMID: 28984832 PMCID: PMC5691715 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular disease have been studied extensively. However, it remains unclear to what extent n-3 PUFAs may impact Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT). RCT describes a mechanism by which excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues is transported to the liver for hepatobiliary excretion, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the literature and to provide an updated overview of the effects of n-3 PUFAs on key players in RCT, including apoliprotein AI (apoA-I), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, apoE, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and ABCG5/G8. Based on current knowledge, we conclude that n-3 PUFAs may beneficially affect RCT, mainly by influencing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling and by promoting hepatobiliary sterol excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas Lunger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christoph Ebenbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
An Y, Zhang DD, Yu HL, Ma WW, Lu YH, Liu QR, Xiao R. 27-Hydroxycholesterol regulates cholesterol synthesis and transport in C6 glioma cells. Neurotoxicology 2017; 59:88-97. [PMID: 28167099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The oxysterol 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is a major cholesterol metabolite that can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) from peripheral circulation to the brain. Currently, the role of 27-OHC on cholesterol homeostasis in astrocytes and the underlying mechanisms are not defined. Since all brain cholesterol is essentially synthesized in brain itself and astrocytes as net producers of cholesterol are essential for normal brain function, here we investigated the effects of 27-OHC on cholesterol synthesis and transport in C6 glioma cells. C6 cells were treated with 5, 10 and 20μM 27-OHC for 24h and the cell viability and apoptosis, the cholesterol levels and metabolism-related mediators, genes and proteins were subsequently assessed using cell-counting kit (CCK)-8, Amplex red, ELISA, real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. We found that 27-OHC decreased cholesterol levels by down-regulating the expression of sterol-regulated element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1a), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CR) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promoted cholesterol transport by up-regulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), ATP-binding cassette transporter protein family member A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)genes. Our results suggested that 27-OHC may represent a sensitive modulator of cholesterol metabolism disorder by suppressing cholesterol synthesis and stimulating cholesterol transport in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu An
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dan-Di Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Nutrition, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Huan-Ling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ma
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan-Hui Lu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Quan-Ri Liu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parente F, Vesnaver M, Massie R, Baass A. An unusual cause of Achilles tendon xanthoma. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:1040-1044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Liu L, Hu Q, Wu H, Xue Y, Cai L, Fang M, Liu Z, Yao P, Wu Y, Gong Z. Protective role of n6/n3 PUFA supplementation with varying DHA/EPA ratios against atherosclerosis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disturbances that cause tissue stress and dysfunction. Obese individuals are at a greater risk for chronic disease and often present with clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance, and systemic markers of chronic low-grade inflammation. It has been well established that cells of the immune system play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity- and MetS-related chronic diseases, as evidenced by leukocyte activation and dysfunction in metabolic tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and the vasculature. However, recent findings have highlighted the substantial impact that obesity and MetS parameters have on immunity and pathogen defense, including the disruption of lymphoid tissue integrity; alterations in leukocyte development, phenotypes, and activity; and the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses. These changes are associated with an overall negative impact on chronic disease progression, immunity from infection, and vaccine efficacy. This review presents an overview of the impact that obesity and MetS parameters have on immune system function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey E Murphy
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Korytowski W, Wawak K, Pabisz P, Schmitt JC, Chadwick AC, Sahoo D, Girotti AW. Impairment of Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux by Cholesterol Hydroperoxide Trafficking: Implications for Atherogenesis Under Oxidative Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2104-13. [PMID: 26315403 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular disease can produce various oxidized lipids, including cholesterol oxides, such as 7-hydroperoxide (7-OOH), 7-hydroxide (7-OH), and 7-ketone (7=O). Unlike 7=O and 7-OH, 7-OOH is redox active, giving rise to the others via potentially toxic-free radical reactions. We tested the novel hypothesis that under oxidative stress conditions, steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) family proteins not only deliver cholesterol to/into mitochondria of vascular macrophages, but also 7-OOH, which induces peroxidative damage that impairs early stage reverse cholesterol transport. APPROACH AND RESULTS Stimulation of human monocyte-derived THP-1 macrophages with dibutyryl-cAMP resulted in substantial upregulation of StarD1 and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCA1. Small interfering RNA-induced StarD1 knockdown before stimulation had no effect on StarD4, but reduced ABCA1 upregulation, linking the latter to StarD1 functionality. Mitochondria in stimulated StarD1-knockdown cells internalized 7-OOH slower than nonstimulated controls and underwent less 7-OOH-induced lipid peroxidation and membrane depolarization, as probed with C11-BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-inda-cene-3-undecanoic acid) and JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide), respectively. Major functional consequences of 7-OOH exposure were (1) loss of mitochondrial CYP27A1 activity, (2) reduced 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OH) output, and (3) downregulation of cholesterol-exporting ABCA1 and ABCG1. Consistently, 7-OOH-challenged macrophages exported less cholesterol to apoA-I or high-density lipoprotein than did nonchallenged controls. StarD1-mediated 7-OOH transport was also found to be highly cytotoxic, whereas 7=O and 7-OH were minimally toxic. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a previously unrecognized mechanism by which macrophage cholesterol efflux can be incapacitated under oxidative stress-linked disorders, such as chronic obesity and hypertension. Our findings provide new insights into the role of macrophage redox damage/dysfunction in atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witold Korytowski
- From the Department of Biochemistry (A.W.G., W.K., D.S., A.C.C., J.C.S.) and Department of Medicine (D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (W.K., K.W., P.P.).
| | - Katarzyna Wawak
- From the Department of Biochemistry (A.W.G., W.K., D.S., A.C.C., J.C.S.) and Department of Medicine (D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (W.K., K.W., P.P.)
| | - Pawel Pabisz
- From the Department of Biochemistry (A.W.G., W.K., D.S., A.C.C., J.C.S.) and Department of Medicine (D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (W.K., K.W., P.P.)
| | - Jared C Schmitt
- From the Department of Biochemistry (A.W.G., W.K., D.S., A.C.C., J.C.S.) and Department of Medicine (D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (W.K., K.W., P.P.)
| | - Alexandra C Chadwick
- From the Department of Biochemistry (A.W.G., W.K., D.S., A.C.C., J.C.S.) and Department of Medicine (D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (W.K., K.W., P.P.)
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- From the Department of Biochemistry (A.W.G., W.K., D.S., A.C.C., J.C.S.) and Department of Medicine (D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (W.K., K.W., P.P.)
| | - Albert W Girotti
- From the Department of Biochemistry (A.W.G., W.K., D.S., A.C.C., J.C.S.) and Department of Medicine (D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (W.K., K.W., P.P.).
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Propofol up-regulates expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 through the PPARγ/LXRα signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:230-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
21
|
Diosgenin inhibits atherosclerosis via suppressing the MiR-19b-induced downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:80-9. [PMID: 25765596 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diosgenin (Dgn), a structural analogue of cholesterol, has been reported to have the hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic properties, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Given the key roles of macrophages in cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis, it is critical to investigate macrophage cholesterol efflux and development of atherosclerotic lesion after Dgn treatment. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the potential effects of Dgn on macrophage cholesterol metabolism and the development of aortic atherosclerosis, and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Dgn significantly up-regulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein, but didn't affect liver X receptor α levels in foam cells derived from human THP-1 macrophages and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) as determined by western blotting. The miR-19b levels were markedly down-regulated in Dgn-treated THP-1 macrophages/MPM-derived foam cells. Cholesterol transport assays revealed that treatment with Dgn alone or together with miR-19b inhibitor notably enhanced ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux, resulting in the reduced levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesterol ester as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The fecal 3H-sterol originating from cholesterol-laden MPMs was increased in apolipoprotein E knockout mice treated with Dgn or both Dgn and antagomiR-19b. Treatment with Dgn alone or together with antagomiR-19b elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein levels, but reduced plasma low-density lipoprotein levels. Accordingly, aortic lipid deposition and plaque area were reduced, and collagen content and ABCA1 expression were increased in mice treated with Dgn alone or together with antagomiR-19b. However, miR-19b overexpression abrogated the lipid-lowering and atheroprotective effects induced by Dgn. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that Dgn enhances ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and inhibits aortic atherosclerosis progression by suppressing macrophage miR-19b expression.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lopez MF, Krastins B, Sarracino DA, Byram G, Vogelsang MS, Prakash A, Peterman S, Ahmad S, Vadali G, Deng W, Inglessis I, Wickham T, Feeney K, Dec GW, Palacios I, Buonanno FS, Lo EH, Ning M. Proteomic signatures of serum albumin-bound proteins from stroke patients with and without endovascular closure of PFO are significantly different and suggest a novel mechanism for cholesterol efflux. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:2. [PMID: 25678897 PMCID: PMC4305391 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-12-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anatomy of PFO suggests that it can allow thrombi and potentially harmful circulatory factors to travel directly from the venous to the arterial circulation - altering circulatory phenotype. Our previous publication using high-resolution LC-MS/MS to profile protein and peptide expression patterns in plasma showed that albumin was relatively increased in donor samples from PFO-related than other types of ischemic strokes. Since albumin binds a host of molecules and acts as a carrier for lipoproteins, small molecules and drugs, we decided to investigate the albumin-bound proteins (in a similar sample cohort) in an effort to unravel biological changes and potentially discover biomarkers related to PFO-related stroke and PFO endovascular closure. METHODS The method used in this study combined albumin immuno-enrichment with high resolution LC-MS in order to specifically capture and quantify the albumin-bound proteins. Subsequently, we measured cholesterol and HDL in a larger, separate cohort of PFO stroke patients, pre and post closure. RESULTS The results demonstrated that a number of proteins were specifically associated with albumin in samples with and without endovascular closure of the PFO, and that the protein profiles were very different. Eight proteins, typically associated with HDL were common to both sample sets and quantitatively differently abundant. Pathway analysis of the MS results suggested that enhanced cholesterol efflux and reduced lipid oxidation were associated with PFO closure. Measurement of total cholesterol and HDL in a larger cohort of PFO closure samples using a colorimetric assay was consistent with the proteomic predictions. CONCLUSIONS The collective data presented in this study demonstrate that analysis of albumin-bound proteins could provide a valuable tool for biomarker discovery on the effects of PFO endovascular closure. In addition, the results suggest that PFO endovascular closure can potentially have effects on HDL, cholesterol and albumin-bound ApoA-I abundance, therefore possibly providing benefits in cardioprotective functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Lopez
- Thermo Scientific BRIMS, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 UK
| | - Bryan Krastins
- Thermo Scientific BRIMS, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 UK
| | | | - Gregory Byram
- Thermo Scientific BRIMS, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 UK
| | | | - Amol Prakash
- Thermo Scientific BRIMS, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 UK
| | - Scott Peterman
- Thermo Scientific BRIMS, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 UK
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Thermo Scientific BRIMS, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 UK
| | - Gouri Vadali
- Thermo Scientific BRIMS, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 UK
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ignacio Inglessis
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tom Wickham
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kathleen Feeney
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - G William Dec
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Igor Palacios
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ferdinando S Buonanno
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - MingMing Ning
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio-Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han X, Boisvert WA. Interleukin-10 protects against atherosclerosis by modulating multiple atherogenic macrophage function. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:505-12. [PMID: 25373619 DOI: 10.1160/th14-06-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is primarily a disorder of lipid metabolism, but there is also a prominent chronic inflammatory component that drives the atherosclerotic lesion progression in the artery wall. During hyperlipidaemic conditions, there is a rapid influx of circulating monocytes into the atherosclerosis-prone areas of the arterial intima. These infiltrated monocytes differentiate into macrophages and take up the atherogenic lipoproteins in the intima of the vessel wall that have been modified within the lesion environment. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a prototypic anti-inflammatory cytokine made primarily by the macrophages and Th2 subtype T lymphocytes. In terms of atherosclerosis its major roles include inhibition of macrophage activation as well as inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase, pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipid-loaded and activated macrophage foam cells. Recent discoveries suggest another important role of IL-10 in atherosclerosis: its ability to alter lipid metabolism in macrophages. The current review will highlight the present knowledge on multiple ways in which IL-10 mediates atherosclerosis. As macrophages play a critical role in all stages of atherosclerosis, the review will concentrate on how IL-10 regulates the activities of macrophages that are especially important in the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - William A Boisvert
- William A. Boisvert, Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, Tel.: +1 808 692 1567, Fax: +1 808 692 1973, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
MicroRNA-19b promotes macrophage cholesterol accumulation and aortic atherosclerosis by targeting ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:215-26. [PMID: 25084135 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophage accumulation of cholesterol leads to foam cell formation which is a major pathological event of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that microRNA (miR)-19b might play an important role in cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerotic diseases. Here, we have identified miR-19b binding to the 3'UTR of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) transporters, and further determined the potential roles of this novel interaction in atherogenesis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in a miR-19b promotion of macrophage cholesterol accumulation and the development of aortic atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed bioinformatics analysis using online websites, and found that miR-19b was highly conserved during evolution and directly bound to ABCA1 mRNA with very low binding free energy. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-19b bound to 3110-3116 sites within ABCA1 3'UTR. MiR-19b directly regulated the expression levels of endogenous ABCA1 in foam cells derived from human THP-1 macrophages and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) as determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cholesterol transport assays revealed that miR-19b dramatically suppressed apolipoprotein AI-mediated ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux, resulting in the increased levels of total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester (CE) as revealed by HPLC. The excretion of (3)H-cholesterol originating from cholesterol-laden MPMs into feces was decreased in mice overexpressing miR-19b. Finally, we evaluated the proatherosclerotic role of miR-19b in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Treatment with miR-19b precursor reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, but increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Consistently, miR-19b precursor treatment increased aortic plaque size and lipid content, but reduced collagen content and ABCA1 expression. In contrast, treatment with the inhibitory miR-19b antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) prevented or reversed these effects. CONCLUSION MiR-19b promotes macrophage cholesterol accumulation, foam cell formation and aortic atherosclerotic development by targeting ABCA1.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Low plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) represent a strong and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. HDL particles display a wide spectrum of atheroprotective activities, which include effluxing cellular cholesterol, diminishing cellular death, decreasing vascular constriction, reducing inflammatory response, protecting from pathological oxidation, combating bacterial infection, lessening platelet activation, regulating gene expression by virtue of microRNAs, and improving glucose metabolism. It remains presently indeterminate as to whether some biological activities of HDL are more relevant for the protection of the endothelium from atherogenesis when compared with others. The multitude of such activities raises the question of a proper assay to assess HDL functionality ex vivo. Together with clear understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying atheroprotective properties of HDL, such assay will provide a basis to resolve the ultimate question of the HDL field to allow the development of efficient HDL-targeting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Korytowski W, Wawak K, Pabisz P, Schmitt JC, Girotti AW. Macrophage mitochondrial damage from StAR transport of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol: implications for oxidative stress-impaired reverse cholesterol transport. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:65-70. [PMID: 24269887 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
StAR family proteins in vascular macrophages participate in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). We hypothesize that under pathophysiological oxidative stress, StARs will transport not only cholesterol to macrophage mitochondria, but also pro-oxidant cholesterol hydroperoxides (7-OOHs), thereby impairing early-stage RCT. Upon stimulation with dibutyryl-cAMP, RAW264.7 macrophages exhibited a strong time-dependent induction of mitochondrial StarD1 and plasma membrane ABCA1, which exports cholesterol. 7α-OOH uptake by stimulated RAW cell mitochondria (like cholesterol uptake) was strongly reduced by StarD1 knockdown, consistent with StarD1 involvement. Upon uptake by mitochondria, 7α-OOH (but not redox-inactive 7α-OH) triggered lipid peroxidation and membrane depolarization while reducing ABCA1 upregulation. These findings provide strong initial support for our hypothesis.
Collapse
Key Words
- 1-palmitoyl-2-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- 3β-hydroxycholest-5-ene-7α-hydroperoxide
- 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-inda-cene-3-undecanoic acid
- 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide
- 7α-OH
- 7α-OOH
- ABCA1
- ATP binding cassette transporter A1
- C11-BODIPY
- ChOOH(s)
- Cholesterol hydroperoxide
- JC-1
- MTT
- Macrophage
- Oxidative stress
- PBS
- POPC
- Reverse cholesterol transport
- SUV(s)
- StAR protein
- StarD1
- StarD4
- cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol
- cholesterol hydroperoxide(s)
- db-cAMP
- dibutyryl-cAMP
- phosphate-buffered saline
- small unilamellar vesicle(s)
- type-1 steroidogenic acute regulatory domain protein
- type-4 steroidogenic acute regulatory domain protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witold Korytowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wawak
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Pabisz
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jared C Schmitt
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nakaya K, Ayaori M, Uto-Kondo H, Sotherden GM, Nishida T, Katamoto H, Miura Y, Takiguchi S, Yakushiji E, Iizuka M, Ogura M, Sasaki M, Yogo M, Komatsu T, Adachi T, Maruyama C, Ikewaki K. Overexpression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 in macrophages promotes reverse cholesterol transport. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1402-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
28
|
Hafiane A, Genest J. HDL, Atherosclerosis, and Emerging Therapies. CHOLESTEROL 2013; 2013:891403. [PMID: 23781332 PMCID: PMC3678415 DOI: 10.1155/2013/891403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview on the properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their cardioprotective effects. Emergent HDL therapies will be presented in the context of the current understanding of HDL function, metabolism, and protective antiatherosclerotic properties. The epidemiological association between levels of HDL-C or its major apolipoprotein (apoA-I) is strong, graded, and coherent across populations. HDL particles mediate cellular cholesterol efflux, have antioxidant properties, and modulate vascular inflammation and vasomotor function and thrombosis. A link of causality has been cast into doubt with Mendelian randomization data suggesting that genes causing HDL-C deficiency are not associated with increased cardiovascular risk, nor are genes associated with increased HDL-C, with a protective effect. Despite encouraging data from small studies, drugs that increase HDL-C levels have not shown an effect on major cardiovascular end-points in large-scale clinical trials. It is likely that the cholesterol mass within HDL particles is a poor biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. In the present review, we will focus on novel therapeutic avenues and potential biomarkers of HDL function. A better understanding of HDL antiatherogenic functions including reverse cholesterol transport, vascular protective and antioxidation effects will allow novel insight on novel, emergent therapies for cardiovascular prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Genest
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Innovative Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Crucet M, Wüst SJA, Spielmann P, Lüscher TF, Wenger RH, Matter CM. Hypoxia enhances lipid uptake in macrophages: role of the scavenger receptors Lox1, SRA, and CD36. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:110-7. [PMID: 23706521 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The core of advanced atherosclerotic plaques turns hypoxic as the arterial wall thickens and oxygen diffusion capacity becomes impaired. Macrophage-derived foam cells play a pivotal role in atherosclerotic plaque formation by expressing scavenger receptors that regulate lipid uptake. However, the role of hypoxia in scavenger receptor regulation remains incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Using RT-qPCR, flow cytometry and immunoblotting, we found that mRNA and protein expression levels of the scavenger receptor A (SRA) and the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) were upregulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), but decreased following exposure of macrophages to hypoxia. In contrast, lectin-like oxLDL receptor (Lox-1) mRNA and protein levels were upregulated under hypoxic conditions. Flow cytometry confirmed the increased lipid content in macrophages after exposure to 0.2% oxygen and the hypoxia-mimetic dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). Antibody-mediated blocking of Lox-1 receptor decreased the hypoxic induction of oxLDL uptake and lipid content. RNAi-mediated knock-down of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in macrophages attenuated the hypoxic induction of Lox-1. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia increases lipid uptake into macrophages and differentially regulates the expression of oxLDL receptors. Lox-1 plays a major role in hypoxia-induced foam cell formation which is, at least in part, mediated by HIF-1α.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Biological Transport/physiology
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/physiology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/immunology
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Crucet
- Cellular Oxygen Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sankaranarayanan S, de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Phillips MC, Kellner-Weibel G, Rothblat GH. Serum albumin acts as a shuttle to enhance cholesterol efflux from cells. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:671-676. [PMID: 23288948 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An important mechanism contributing to cell cholesterol efflux is aqueous transfer in which cholesterol diffuses from cells into the aqueous phase and becomes incorporated into an acceptor particle. Some compounds can enhance diffusion by acting as shuttles transferring cholesterol to cholesterol acceptors, which act as cholesterol sinks. We have examined whether particles in serum can enhance cholesterol efflux by acting as shuttles. This task was accomplished by incubating radiolabeled J774 cells with increasing concentrations of lipoprotein-depleted sera (LPDS) or components present in serum as shuttles and a constant amount of LDL, small unilamellar vesicles, or red blood cells (RBC) as sinks. Synergistic efflux was measured as the difference in fractional efflux in excess of that predicted by the addition of the individual efflux values of sink and shuttle alone. Synergistic efflux was obtained when LPDS was incubated with cells and LDL. When different components of LPDS were used as shuttles, albumin produced synergistic efflux, while apoA-I did not. A synergistic effect was also obtained when RBC was used as the sink and albumin as shuttle. The previously observed negative association of albumin with coronary artery disease might be linked to reduced cholesterol shuttling that would occur when serum albumin levels are low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Margarita de la Llera-Moya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Denise Drazul-Schrader
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ginny Kellner-Weibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - George H Rothblat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nazari-Jahantigh M, Wei Y, Noels H, Akhtar S, Zhou Z, Koenen RR, Heyll K, Gremse F, Kiessling F, Grommes J, Weber C, Schober A. MicroRNA-155 promotes atherosclerosis by repressing Bcl6 in macrophages. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4190-202. [PMID: 23041630 DOI: 10.1172/jci61716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques drive inflammatory responses, degrade lipoproteins, and phagocytose dead cells. MicroRNAs (miRs) control the differentiation and activity of macrophages by regulating the signaling of key transcription factors. However, the functional role of macrophage-related miRs in the immune response during atherogenesis is unknown. Here, we report that miR-155 is specifically expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and proinflammatory macrophages, where it was induced by treatment with mildly oxidized LDL (moxLDL) and IFN-γ. Leukocyte-specific Mir155 deficiency reduced plaque size and number of lesional macrophages after partial carotid ligation in atherosclerotic (Apoe-/-) mice. In macrophages stimulated with moxLDL/IFN-γ in vitro, and in lesional macrophages, loss of Mir155 reduced the expression of the chemokine CCL2, which promotes the recruitment of monocytes to atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, we found that miR-155 directly repressed expression of BCL6, a transcription factor that attenuates proinflammatory NF-κB signaling. Silencing of Bcl6 in mice harboring Mir155-/- macrophages enhanced plaque formation and CCL2 expression. Taken together, these data demonstrated that miR-155 plays a key role in atherogenic programming of macrophages to sustain and enhance vascular inflammation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Park YM, Kashyap S, Major J, Silverstein RL. Insulin promotes macrophage foam cell formation: potential implications in diabetes-related atherosclerosis. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1171-80. [PMID: 22525426 PMCID: PMC3407326 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes, a disorder characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The role of hyperinsulinemia as an independent participant in the atherogenic process has been controversial. In the current study, we tested the effect of insulin and the insulin sensitizer, adiponectin, on human macrophage foam cell formation. We found that both insulin and adiponectin increased the expression of the type 2 scavenger receptor CD36 by approximately twofold and decreased the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 by >80%. In both cases regulation was post-transcriptional. As a consequence of these changes, we found that oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake was increased by 80% and cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) was decreased by ∼25%. This led to two- to threefold more cholesterol accumulation over a 16-h period. As reported previously in studies of murine systems, scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) expression on human macrophages was downregulated by insulin and adiponectin. Insulin and adiponectin did not affect oxLDL-induced secretion of monocyte attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These studies suggest that hyperinsulinemia could promote macrophage foam cell formation and thus may contribute to atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sangeeta Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Major
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yamagata K, Tanaka N, Matsufuji H, Chino M. β-carotene reverses the IL-1β-mediated reduction in paraoxonase-1 expression via induction of the CaMKKII pathway in human endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:297-305. [PMID: 22750393 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) induces endothelial dysfunction and reduces nitric oxide (NO) production. IL-1β also enhances adhesion molecule expression and induces arteriosclerosis. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) induces endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, and maintains vascular health. Diet-derived β-carotene prevents arteriosclerosis, but its mode of action is not understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the HDL-like mechanisms of β-carotene in endothelial cells. We added IL-1β and/or β-carotene to cultured human endothelial cells and examined its effects on the regulation of HDL signal transduction pathways using RT-PCR, real-time PCR, Western blot (WB), and endothelial-U937 adhesion analysis. IL-1β decreased the expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), eNOS, PON-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PZK1), and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). Conversely, it increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). In contrast, β-carotene increased the expression of CaMKKII, PI3K, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS, PON-1, and reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1. β-carotene also induced phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phospho-eNOS and PON-1 proteins. Importantly, β-carotene upregulated the IL-1β-mediated decrease of CaMKKII, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS and PON-1. β-carotene inhibited IL-1β-mediated cell adhesion of U937 to endothelial cells. The effect of β-carotene was reversed by a CaMKK inhibitor, STO-609. These findings indicate that β-carotene regulates the expression of PON-1, eNOS and adhesion molecules via CaMKK pathway activation. β-carotene may contribute to the functional maintenance of vascular endothelial cells in a manner similar to HDL, protecting them against stimuli such as IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Research Advances of Cholesterol Efflux in Atherosclerosis*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
Yu M, Kang X, Xue H, Yin H. Toll-like receptor 4 is up-regulated by mTOR activation during THP-1 macrophage foam cells formation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:940-7. [PMID: 22015781 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage foam cells formation is the most important process in atherosclerotic plaque formation and development. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the important innate immune sensors of endogenous damage signals and crucial for regulating inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that TLR4 plays a very important role in macrophage foam cells formation. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating TLR4 expression in macrophage are not fully understood. In this study, we induced THP-1 macrophage foam cells formation with oxidative modified low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). We observed that TLR4 mRNA and protein expression were markedly up-regulated, and the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream target p70S6K were promoted during foam cells formation. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked mTOR phosphorylation and inhibited TLR4 expression induced by ox-LDL. Silencing mTOR, rictor or raptor protein expression by small interfering RNA, also inhibited the up-regulation of TLR4 expression, respectively. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin reversed the down-regulation of cellular lipid efflux mediator ABCA1, which resulted from the activation of TLR4 by ligands. These data suggested that TRL4 expression was up-regulated by a mechanism dependent on mTOR signal pathway activation during THP-1 macrophage foam cells formation. Inhibition of ox-LDL induced mTOR activation reduced TLR4 expression, and improved the impaired lipid efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee-Rueckert M, Kovanen PT. Extracellular modifications of HDL in vivo and the emerging concept of proteolytic inactivation of preβ-HDL. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:394-402. [PMID: 21881503 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32834a3d24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Both quantity and quality of the circulating HDL particle matter for the optimal antiatherogenic potential of HDL. This review summarizes various mechanisms capable of inducing extracellular modifications of HDL and reducing the function of HDL subclasses as cholesterol acceptors. Special emphasis is laid on the proteolytic inactivation of lipid-poor preβ-migrating HDL (preβ-HDL). RECENT FINDINGS HDL particles can undergo functional inactivation in vivo. During atherogenesis, different cell types in the arterial intima release enzymes into the intimal fluid, potentially capable of causing structural and chemical modifications of the various components present in the lipid core or in the polar surface of the HDL particles. Enzymatic oxidation, lipolysis and proteolysis, and nonenzymatic glycosylation are among the HDL modifications that adversely affect HDL functionality. Proteolysis of preβ-HDL by various proteases present in the arterial intima has emerged as a potential mechanism that impairs the efficiency of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells, the mast cell-derived neutral protease chymase being a prime example of such impairment. A paradigm of proteolytic inactivation of preβ-HDL in vivo is emerging. SUMMARY Several extracellular enzymes present in the arterial intima may compromise various cardioprotective functions of HDL. Observations on proteolysis of specific lipid-poor HDL subpopulations in vivo constitute the basis for future studies evaluating the actual impact of proteolytic microenvironments on the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao Y, Pennings M, Vrins CL, Calpe-Berdiel L, Hoekstra M, Kruijt JK, Ottenhoff R, Hildebrand RB, van der Sluis R, Jessup W, Le Goff W, Chapman MJ, Huby T, Groen AK, Van Berkel TJ, Van Eck M. Hypocholesterolemia, foam cell accumulation, but no atherosclerosis in mice lacking ABC-transporter A1 and scavenger receptor BI. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:314-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
38
|
Xie C, Kang J, Chen JR, Lazarenko OP, Ferguson ME, Badger TM, Nagarajan S, Wu X. Lowbush blueberries inhibit scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A expression and attenuate foam cell formation in ApoE-deficient mice. Food Funct 2011; 2:588-94. [PMID: 21952555 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries have recently been reported to reduce atherosclerotic lesion progression in apoE deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether lowbush blueberries altered scavenger receptor expression and foam cell formation in apoE(-/-) mice. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed AIN-93 diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried lowbush blueberries (BB) for 20 weeks. Gene expression and protein levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A in aorta and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) were lower in mice fed BB (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, apoE(-/-) mice were fed CD or BB for 5 weeks. PM were collected and cultured. Gene expression and protein levels of CD36 and SR-A were found to be lower in PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). In PM from BB fed mice, fewer oxLDL-induced foam cells were formed compared to those from mice fed CD. Gene expression and protein levels of PPARγ were lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). Detectable isomers of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) were also lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, BB inhibited expression of the two major scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A in PM of apoE(-/-) mice, at least in part through down-regulating PPARγ and reducing its endogenous ligands HODEs and HETEs. We proposed that BB mediated reduction of scavenger receptor expression and attenuation of oxLDL-induced foam cell formation in PM of apoE(-/-) mice are important mechanisms of the athero-protective effects of BB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Xie
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sankaranarayanan S, Kellner-Weibel G, de la Llera-Moya M, Phillips MC, Asztalos BF, Bittman R, Rothblat GH. A sensitive assay for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux using BODIPY-cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2332-2340. [PMID: 21957199 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d018051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown a negative association between cellular cholesterol efflux and coronary artery disease (CAD). Standard protocol for quantitating cholesterol efflux involves labeling cells with [(3)H]cholesterol and measuring release of the labeled sterol. Using [(3)H]cholesterol is not ideal for the development of a high-throughput assay to screen large numbers of serum as would be required in studying the link between efflux and CAD. We compared efflux using a fluorescent sterol (boron dipyrromethene difluoride linked to sterol carbon-24, BODIPY-cholesterol) with that of [(3)H]cholesterol in J774 macrophages. Fractional efflux of BODIPY-cholesterol was significantly higher than that of [(3)H]cholesterol when apo A-I, HDL(3), or 2% apoB-depleted human serum were used as acceptors. BODIPY-cholesterol efflux correlated significantly with [(3)H]cholesterol efflux (p < 0.0001) when apoB-depleted sera were used. The BODIPY-cholesterol efflux correlated significantly with preβ-1 (r(2) = 0.6) but not with total HDL-cholesterol. Reproducibility of the BODIPY-cholesterol efflux assay was excellent between weeks (r(2) = 0.98, inter-assay CV = 3.31%). These studies demonstrate that BODIPY-cholesterol provides an efficient measurement of efflux compared with [(3)H]cholesterol and is a sensitive probe for ABCA1-mediated efflux. The increased sensitivity of BODIPY-cholesterol assay coupled with the simplicity of measuring fluorescence results in a sensitive, high-throughput assay that can screen large numbers of sera, and thus establish the relationship between cholesterol efflux and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ginny Kellner-Weibel
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Margarita de la Llera-Moya
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bela F Asztalos
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory (B.F.A.), Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.B)
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (R.B), Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597
| | - George H Rothblat
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kellner-Weibel G, de la Llera-Moya M. Update on HDL receptors and cellular cholesterol transport. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2011; 13:233-41. [PMID: 21302003 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-011-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Efflux is central to maintenance of tissue and whole body cholesterol homeostasis. The discovery of cell surface receptors that bind high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with high specificity and affinity to promote cholesterol release has significantly advanced our understanding of cholesterol efflux. We now know that 1) cells have several mechanisms to promote cholesterol release, including a passive mechanism that depends on the physico-chemical properties of cholesterol molecules and their interactions with phospholipids; 2) a variety of HDL particles can interact with receptors to promote cholesterol transport from tissues to the liver for excretion; and 3) interactions between HDL and receptors show functional synergy. Therefore, efflux efficiency depends both on the arrays of receptors on tissue cells and HDL particles in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ginny Kellner-Weibel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., ARC1102G, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Woollett LA. Review: Transport of maternal cholesterol to the fetal circulation. Placenta 2011; 32 Suppl 2:S218-21. [PMID: 21300403 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Data obtained from recent studies in humans, rodents, and cell culture demonstrate that circulating maternal cholesterol can be transported to the fetus. The two major cell types responsible for the transport are trophoblasts and endothelial cells of the fetoplacental vasculature. Maternal lipoprotein-cholesterol is initially taken up by trophoblasts via receptor-mediated and receptor-independent processes, is transported by any number of the sterol transport proteins expressed by cells, and is effluxed or secreted out of the basal side via protein-mediated processes or by aqueous diffusion. This cholesterol is then taken up by the endothelium and effluxed to acceptors within the fetal circulation. The ability to manipulate the mass of maternal cholesterol that is taken up by the placenta and crosses to the fetus could positively impact development of fetuses affected with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) that have reduced ability to synthesize cholesterol and possibly impact growth of fetuses unaffected by SLOS but with low birthweights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Woollett
- University of Cincinnati, Metabolic Diseases Institute, Department of Pathology, Cincinnati, OH 45236-507, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Plasma levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol in humans and mice with monogenic disturbances of high density lipoprotein metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2010; 214:448-55. [PMID: 21130455 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Secretion of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) from macrophages is considered as an alternative to HDL-mediated reverse transport of excess cholesterol. We investigated 27OHC-concentrations in plasma of humans and mice with monogenic disorders of HDL metabolism. As compared to family controls mutations in the genes for apolipoprotein A-I, ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and lecithin:cholesterol acylstransferase (LCAT) were associated with reduced concentrations of both HDL-cholesterol and HDL-27OHC whereas mutations in the genes for cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP), scavenger receptor type BI and hepatic lipase were associated with elevated HDL concentrations of either sterol. Compared to family controls and relative to the concentrations of total 27OHC and cholesterol, lower 27OHC-ester but normal cholesterylester levels were found in HDL of heterozygous LCAT mutation carriers and nonHDL of heterozygous CETP mutation carriers. In family controls, LCAT activity and CETP mass were more strongly correlated with 27OHC-ester than cholesterylester concentrations in HDL and nonHDL, respectively. These findings suggest that the formation and transfer of 27OHC-esters are more sensitive to reduced activities of LCAT and CETP, respectively, than the formation and transfer of cholesterylesters. 27OHC plasma levels were also decreased in apoA-I-, ABCA1- or LCAT-knockout mice but increased in SR-BI-knockout mice. Transplantation of ABCA1- and/or ABCG1-deficient bone marrow into LDL receptor deficient mice decreased plasma levels of 27OHC. In conclusion, mutations or absence of HDL genes lead to distinct alterations in the quantity, esterification or lipoprotein distribution of 27OHC. These findings argue against the earlier suggestion that 27OHC-metabolism in plasma occurs independently of HDL.
Collapse
|