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Amano T, Jia Y, Redding A. The dynamic and reciprocal relationship between perceived everyday discrimination and cognitive function in later life. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1372-1382. [PMID: 38590239 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2338196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study, based on socioemotional selectivity theory and cognitive theory, investigates the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between perceived discrimination and cognitive function in later life. METHODS Data were drawn from four waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018). A total of 4,125 people who were 51 and older were included. Cognitive function was measured by the telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS-27). Perceived discrimination was measured using scores of the perceived everyday discrimination scale. Random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was utilized. The model was adjusted for a range of covariates. Subgroup analysis by ethnoracial groups was conducted. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, while lower cognitive function was associated with higher perceived discrimination, this relationship was unidirectional. Longitudinally, higher perceived discrimination predicted lower cognitive function in later waves only among non-Hispanic White individuals. CONCLUSION Results suggested that a decline in cognitive function may precede and contribute to the worsening of perceived discrimination, which may result in further decline in cognitive function. Lifetime experience of discrimination was discussed as a possible source of the racial/ethnic variations in the relationship. Further study is needed to examine whether this relationship holds among people with cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amano
- Department of Social Work, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuane Jia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Audrey Redding
- Department of Social Work, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Cheung ESL, Zhang Z. Moderating Role of Neighborhood Environment in the Associations Between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Challenges Among Older Adults: Evidence From US National Study. Res Aging 2024; 46:400-413. [PMID: 38361482 DOI: 10.1177/01640275241234372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between hearing loss and cognitive challenges among community-dwelling older adults and whether neighborhood characteristics (physical disorder and low social cohesion) moderated the associations. Cross-sectional national data from Round 11 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study were adopted (N = 2,515). Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations among variables and interactive analyses were conducted to examine moderating effects. Results indicated significant relationships between the experience of hearing loss and possible dementia and between severe or profound hearing loss and probable dementia. Interactive models suggested that residing in neighborhoods with physical disorder and low social cohesion were negatively associated with possible dementia among older adults with moderate and severe or profound hearing loss, respectively, compared to those without hearing loss. Findings underscore the necessity of environmental and social interventions to enhance cognitive health among older adults with varying degrees of hearing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Roquet A, Martinelli P, Lampraki C, Jopp DS. Internet Use as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Personal Resources and Stress in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e52555. [PMID: 39028547 PMCID: PMC11297370 DOI: 10.2196/52555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet use has dramatically increased worldwide, with over two-thirds of the world's population using it, including the older adult population. Technical resources such as internet use have been shown to influence psychological processes such as stress positively. Following the Conservation of Resources theory by Hobfoll, stress experience largely depends on individuals' personal resources and the changes in these resources. While personal resource loss has been shown to lead to stress, we know little regarding the role that technical resources may play on the relationship between personal resources and stress. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of technical resources (internet use) on the relationship between personal resources and stress in younger and older adults. METHODS A total of 275 younger adults (aged 18 to 30 years) and 224 older adults (aged ≥65 years) indicated their levels of stress; change in personal resources (ie, cognitive, social, and self-efficacy resource loss and gain); and internet use. Variance analyses, multiple regression, and moderation analyses were performed to investigate the correlates of stress. RESULTS Results showed that older adults, despite experiencing higher levels of resource loss (questionnaire scores: 1.82 vs 1.54; P<.001) and less resource gain (questionnaire scores: 1.82 vs 2.31; P<.001), were less stressed than younger adults (questionnaire scores: 1.99 vs 2.47; P<.001). We observed that the relationship among resource loss, resource gain, and stress in older adults was moderated by their level of internet use (β=.09; P=.05). Specifically, older adults who used the internet more frequently were less stressed when they experienced high levels of both loss and gain compared to their counterparts who used internet the less in the same conditions. Furthermore, older adults with low resource gain and high resource loss expressed less stress when they used the internet more often compared to those with low internet use. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of internet use in mitigating stress among older adults experiencing resource loss and gain, emphasizing the potential of digital interventions to promote mental health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Roquet
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Martinelli
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniela S Jopp
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yerramalla MS, Darin‐Mattsson A, Udeh‐Momoh CT, Holleman J, Kåreholt I, Aspö M, Hagman G, Kivipelto M, Solomon A, Marseglia A, Sindi S. Cognitive reserve, cortisol, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A memory clinic study. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4486-4498. [PMID: 38837661 PMCID: PMC11247673 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive reserve might mitigate the risk of Alzheimer's dementia among memory clinic patients. No study has examined the potential modifying role of stress on this relation. METHODS We examined cross-sectional associations of the cognitive reserve index (CRI; education, occupational complexity, physical and leisure activities, and social health) with cognitive performance and AD-related biomarkers among 113 memory clinic patients. The longitudinal association between CRI and cognition over a 3-year follow-up was assessed. We examined whether associations were influenced by perceived stress and five measures of diurnal salivary cortisol. RESULTS Higher CRI scores were associated with better cognition. Adjusting for cortisol measures reduced the beneficial association of CRI on cognition. A higher CRI score was associated with better working memory in individuals with higher (favorable) cortisol AM/PM ratio, but not among individuals with low cortisol AM/PM ratio. No association was found between CRI and AD-related biomarkers. DISCUSSION Physiological stress reduces the neurocognitive benefits of cognitive reserve among memory clinic patients. HIGHLIGHTS Physiological stress may reduce the neurocognitive benefits accrued from cognitively stimulating and enriching life experiences (cognitive reserve [CR]) in memory clinic patients. Cortisol awakening response modified the relation between CR and P-tau181, a marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Effective stress management techniques for AD and related dementia prevention are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Shanta Yerramalla
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Chinedu T Udeh‐Momoh
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Brain and Mind InstituteThe Aga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jasper Holleman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Institute of GerontologySchool of Health and WelfareJönköping UniversityJönköpingSweden
| | - Malin Aspö
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Theme Inflammation and AgingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Göran Hagman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Theme Inflammation and AgingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Theme Inflammation and AgingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Theme Inflammation and AgingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, NeurologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Anna Marseglia
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Desai P, Ng TKS, Krueger KR, Wilson RS, Evans DA, Rajan KB. Perceived Stress, Blood Biomarkers, and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:507-511. [PMID: 38648023 PMCID: PMC11230840 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding how perceived stress may influence the relationship between serum-measured biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. METHODS This study consists of 1118 older adult participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) (60% Black participants and 63% female participants). Linear mixed effects regression models were conducted to examine the role of perceived stress in the association between three blood biomarkers: total tau (t-tau), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) on global cognitive decline. Stratified analysis by stress level was also conducted to evaluate the associations between each blood biomarker and baseline cognitive function and decline. All models adjusted for age, race, sex, education, time, and their interactions with time. RESULTS The interaction of stress, NfL concentration, and time was statistically significant on global cognition ( β = -0.064 [SE = 0.028], p = .023) and on episodic memory ( β = -0.097 [SE = 0.036], p = .007). CONCLUSIONS Greater stress level worsens the association between high NfL concentration and cognitive decline. Stress management interventions may be helpful to reduce the rate of cognitive decline in individuals with high concentrations of NfL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaja Desai
- From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Desai, Ng, Krueger, Evans, Rajan) and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (Wilson), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis (Rajan), Davis, California
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Hathaway I, Momodu OE, Williams DM, Beamish AJ, Barry J, Stephens JW. Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2216-2226. [PMID: 38668820 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Since a previous systematic review published in 2016, there have been further studies investigating the association of changes in cognitive function following bariatric surgery. All studies since the original review that reported at least one element of cognitive function before and after bariatric surgery were eligible. A total of 137 additional studies were identified; 13 were included in addition to the 18 studies previously. Almost all studies reported improvements in at least one domain. Most revealed improvements were limited to a few domains and were not universal. Further findings investigated cognitive function improvement in relation to procedure choice, and mental health or quality of life post-surgery. Further high-powered studies are still necessary, but these findings support the impact of bariatric surgery on cognitive function in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Hathaway
- Diabetes Centre, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK.
| | | | - David M Williams
- Diabetes Centre, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Andrew J Beamish
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic & Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Jonathan Barry
- Welsh Institute of Metabolic & Obesity Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Stephens
- Diabetes Centre, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA6 6NL, UK
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
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Bufano P, Di Tecco C, Fattori A, Barnini T, Comotti A, Ciocan C, Ferrari L, Mastorci F, Laurino M, Bonzini M. The effects of work on cognitive functions: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1351625. [PMID: 38784613 PMCID: PMC11112082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1351625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive functions play a crucial role in individual's life since they represent the mental abilities necessary to perform any activity. During working life, having healthy cognitive functioning is essential for the proper performance of work, but it is especially crucial for preserving cognitive abilities and thus ensuring healthy cognitive aging after retirement. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the scientific literature related to the effects of work on cognitive functions to assess which work-related factors most adversely affect them. Method We queried the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases, in February 2023, according to the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID number = CRD42023439172), and articles were included if they met all the inclusion criteria and survived a quality assessment. From an initial pool of 61,781 papers, we retained a final sample of 64 articles, which were divided into 5 categories based on work-related factors: shift work (n = 39), sedentary work (n = 7), occupational stress (n = 12), prolonged working hours (n = 3), and expertise (n = 3). Results The results showed that shift work, occupational stress, and, probably, prolonged working hours have detrimental effects on cognitive functioning; instead, results related to sedentary work and expertise on cognitive functions are inconclusive and extremely miscellaneous. Discussion Therefore, workplace health and well-being promotion should consider reducing or rescheduling night shift, the creation of less demanding and more resourceful work environments and the use of micro-breaks to preserve workers' cognitive functioning both before and after retirement. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023439172, identifier CRD42023439172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Bufano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Fattori
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Barnini
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Comotti
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Catalina Ciocan
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mastorci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Laurino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Norouzkhani N, Afshari S, Sadatmadani SF, Mollaqasem MM, Mosadeghi S, Ghadri H, Fazlizade S, Alizadeh K, Akbari Javar P, Amiri H, Foroughi E, Ansari A, Mousazadeh K, Davany BA, Akhtari kohnehshahri A, Alizadeh A, Dadkhah PA, Poudineh M. Therapeutic potential of berries in age-related neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348127. [PMID: 38783949 PMCID: PMC11112503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging significantly impacts several age-related neurological problems, such as stroke, brain tumors, oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia), neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity. Current treatments for these conditions often come with side effects like hallucinations, dyskinesia, nausea, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal distress. Given the widespread availability and cultural acceptance of natural remedies, research is exploring the potential effectiveness of plants in common medicines. The ancient medical system used many botanical drugs and medicinal plants to treat a wide range of diseases, including age-related neurological problems. According to current clinical investigations, berries improve motor and cognitive functions and protect against age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, berries may influence signaling pathways critical to neurotransmission, cell survival, inflammation regulation, and neuroplasticity. The abundance of phytochemicals in berries is believed to contribute to these potentially neuroprotective effects. This review aimed to explore the potential benefits of berries as a source of natural neuroprotective agents for age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Norouzkhani
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Afshari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | | | - Shakila Mosadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hani Ghadri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Fazlizade
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Keyvan Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Pouyan Akbari Javar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Amiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroughi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Kourosh Mousazadeh
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ata Akhtari kohnehshahri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alaleh Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Alsadat Dadkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Somelar-Duracz K, Jürgenson M, Viil J, Zharkovsky A, Jaako K. 'Unpredictable chronic mild stress does not exacerbate memory impairment or altered neuronal and glial plasticity in the hippocampus of middle-aged vitamin D deficient mice'. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1696-1722. [PMID: 38269959 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health concern, especially in the elderly population. Much remains unknown about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD), stress-induced cognitive dysfunctions and depressive-like behaviour. In this study, 4-month-old male C57Bl/6J mice were fed with control or vitamin D free diet for 6 months, followed by unpredictable chronic stress (UCMS) for 8 weeks. VDD induced cognitive impairment and reduced grooming behaviour, but did not induce depressive-like behaviour. While UCMS in vitamin D sufficient mice induced expected depressive-like phenotype and impairments in the contextual fear memory, chronic stress did not manifest as an additional risk factor for memory impairments and depressive-like behaviour in VDD mice. In fact, UCMS restored self-care behaviour in VDD mice. At the histopathological level, VDD mice exhibited cell loss in the granule cell layer, reduced survival of newly generated cells, accompanied with an increased number of apoptotic cells and alterations in glial morphology in the hippocampus; however, these effects were not exacerbated by UCMS. Interestingly, UCMS reversed VDD induced loss of microglial cells. Moreover, tyrosine hydroxylase levels decreased in the striatum of VDD mice, but not in stressed VDD mice. These findings indicate that long-term VDD in adulthood impairs cognition but does not augment behavioural response to UCMS in middle-aged mice. While VDD caused cell loss and altered glial response in the DG of the hippocampus, these effects were not exacerbated by UCMS and could contribute to mechanisms regulating altered stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Somelar-Duracz
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Monika Jürgenson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexander Zharkovsky
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Jaako
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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D'Amico D, Alter U, Laurin D, Ferland G, Fiocco AJ. Examining a Healthy Lifestyle as a Moderator of the Relationship between Psychological Distress and Cognitive Decline among Older Adults in the NuAge Study. Gerontology 2024; 70:418-428. [PMID: 38354710 DOI: 10.1159/000535978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to examine whether a healthy lifestyle composite score of social engagement, physical activity, and Mediterranean diet adherence moderates the association between psychological distress and global cognitive decline among cognitively healthy older adults (67+ years of age at baseline). METHODS A total of 1,272 cognitively intact older adults (Mage = 74.1 ± 4.1 years, 51.9% female) in the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge) completed a series of self-reported questionnaires to measure psychological distress and lifestyle behaviors, and the Modified Mini-Mental Examination (3MS) to assess cognitive performance at baseline and annually over 3 years. RESULTS Controlling for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, greater psychological distress was associated with steeper cognitive decline over time among males (B = -0.07, 95% CI: [-0.12, -0.02]), but not females (B = 0.008, 95% CI: [0.03, 0.04]). Although a healthy lifestyle composite score did not statistically significantly moderate the distress-cognition relationship (B = -0.005, 95% CI: [-0.02, 0.01]), there was an association between higher psychological distress and greater cognitive decline at low levels of social engagement (B = -0.05, 95% CI: [-0.09, -0.006]), but not at high levels of social engagement (B = 0.02, 95% CI: [-0.03, 0.07]). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the potentially harmful impact of stress on cognitive function may be malleable through specific healthy lifestyle behaviors and emphasizes the importance of taking a sex-based approach to cognitive aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D'Amico
- Institute for Stress and Wellbeing Research, Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Udi Alter
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, VITAM-Centre de recherche en santé durable, CIUSSS-Capitale Nationale and Institut sur le vieillissement et la participation sociale des aînés, Quebec, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, Quebec, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval and Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF) de l'Université Laval, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra J Fiocco
- Institute for Stress and Wellbeing Research, Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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De Looze C, McCrory C, O'Halloran A, Polidoro S, Anne Kenny R, Feeney J. Mind versus body: Perceived stress and biological stress are independently related to cognitive decline. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:696-704. [PMID: 37977246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress may increase risk of age-related cognitive decline. 'Stress', however, is a multidimensional construct and few studies have investigated the inter-relationship of subjective stress and biological stress with cognitive decline. In this study, we examine the relationship between perceived stress and two measures of biological stress - allostatic load, indexing stress at the physiological level and leukocyte telomere length, indexing stress at the cellular level - with cognitive decline over a 12-year period in adults aged 50 and older. 3,458 participants (aged ≥ 50) from The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing with measurements of allostatic load, telomere length and perceived stress at baseline and repeated measures of cognitive function were included. Hierarchical linear regression models with adjustment for multiple potential confounders were applied, and repeated stratified by sex in sensitivity analyses. Higher perceived stress at baseline was associated with lower cognitive function (β = -0.10, 95 % CI -0.12, -0.07, p <.001), with similar strength of associations across waves. There were significant interactions between measures of biological stress and wave; higher allostatic load was associated (X2(18) = 64.4; p <.001), and telomere length was borderline (X2(18) = 9.4; p =.09) associated with cognitive decline from 4-year follow-up onward. Sex stratified analyses revealed that the association between telomere length and cognitive decline was present in women only. Mutual adjustment did not attenuate associations in either case. The interactions between allostatic load and telomere length with perceived stress were not significant. Our findings suggest that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently related to cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at the potential for different underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCrory
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O'Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Warren A. The relationship between perceived stigma and perceived stress in cognitive decline: a survey of persons with mild cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1293284. [PMID: 38144994 PMCID: PMC10740212 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1293284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While Alzheimer's disease and other causes of dementia have rapidly become a global health crisis with growing incidence that is unabated, the incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) far exceeds that of Alzheimer's disease. Persons with MCI demonstrate some level of cognitive impairment, but daily functions remain intact and there is no certainty that they will develop dementia. Yet, the possibility conjures a considerable amount of fear and anxiety, further fueled by a vast array of misconceptions and stigma. The pervasive nature of this stigma permeates society and culture at many levels. Persons with MCI who are at higher risk for development of dementia may be especially vulnerable to fear and stigma associated with the diagnosis. Based on this premise, the primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived stigma and perceived stress in persons with MCI and their care partners, including the relationship between income and the study variables. The secondary aim was to examine the effect of a combined cognitive rehabilitation and wellness program on these perceptions. Methods Thirty participants were recruited from Mayo Clinic's Health Action to Benefit Independence and Thinking (HABIT) program. MCI (n = 15) and care partner (n = 15) participants completed the Stigma Impact Scale (SIS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) before and after the HABIT program. Results Average SIS and PSS scores decreased in the MCI, care partner, and combined groups, both pre- and post-HABIT. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between perceived stigma and stress, controlling for income. A significant relationship was found between perceived stigma and perceived stress both pre and post-HABIT. Discussion The results suggest a relationship exists between perceived stigma and perceived stress in persons with MCI and their care partners, and an educational program such as HABIT may strengthen this relationship by informing participants of potential challenges that occur in cognitive decline. Understanding these relationships may provide an opportunity to provide tools for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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13
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Franks KH, Bransby L, Cribb L, Buckley R, Yassi N, Chong TTJ, Saling MM, Lim YY, Pase MP. Associations of Perceived Stress and Psychological Resilience With Cognition and a Modifiable Dementia Risk Score in Middle-Aged Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1992-2000. [PMID: 37718618 PMCID: PMC10699744 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological stress has been proposed as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. However, it remains unclear how an individual's stress-coping ability (i.e., psychological resilience) is related to cognition. This cross-sectional study investigated whether perceived stress and psychological resilience were associated with cognition and a modifiable dementia risk score in a large community-based sample of cognitively normal adults. The moderating effect of psychological resilience was also examined. METHODS Participants (mean age = 57 ± 7 years) enrolled in the web-based Healthy Brain Project completed the Perceived Stress Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Domains of attention and working memory were assessed using the Cogstate Brief Battery (n = 1,709), and associative memory was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (n = 1,522). Dementia risk was estimated for 1,913 participants using a modified version of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia dementia risk score, calculated using only readily modifiable dementia risk factors. RESULTS In separate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, and race, greater levels of perceived stress and lower levels of psychological resilience were associated with poorer performance across all cognitive domains, as well as a higher modifiable dementia risk score. Psychological resilience did not moderate the effect of perceived stress on cognition or the dementia risk score. DISCUSSION Higher perceived stress and lower resilience were associated with poorer cognition and a greater burden of modifiable dementia risk factors. Intervention studies are required to determine if lowering stress and building resilience can mitigate cognitive deficits and reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Franks
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Bransby
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Cribb
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevor T -J Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Franks KH, Rowsthorn E, Bransby L, Lim YY, Chong TTJ, Pase MP. Association of Self-Reported Psychological Stress with Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2023; 33:856-870. [PMID: 36456767 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a potential modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. However, the extent to which self-reported psychological stress is differentially associated with decline in specific cognitive domains remains unclear. Differences may be due to heterogeneity in the aspects of psychological stress investigated, for example, neuroticism (which is linked to vulnerability to stress), perceived stress, or exposure to stressful life events. This review aims to establish the associations between these aspects of self-reported psychological stress and cognitive decline. PsychINFO, Embase and MEDLINE were searched from database inception to September 2021. Studies were included if they were observational, prospective, and if they investigated the association between self-reported psychological stress and cognitive decline in adults with a minimum mean age of 40 years at baseline. Thirty studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, with most examining neuroticism (n = 17) as a predictor of cognitive decline. Fewer examined perceived stress (n = 7) or stressful life events (n = 6). There was evidence of an association between neuroticism and cognitive decline, particularly in the domain of memory. Similarly, across studies, perceived stress was also associated with memory decline. Research investigating the relationship between stressful life events and cognitive decline had fewer outcomes to interpret. Overall, the findings highlight that memory may be particularly susceptible to high levels of neuroticism and perceived stress. We identified a lack of research into some cognitive domains, such as executive function, which should be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Franks
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ella Rowsthorn
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Bransby
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew P Pase
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Byrd DR, Martin DA, Joseph RP. Environmental, Sociocultural, Behavioral, and Biological Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Types of Dementia in Black Americans. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2023; 10:252-263. [PMID: 39206249 PMCID: PMC11349302 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-023-00337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This narrative review summarizes environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and biological factors associated with cognitive decline and dementia in Black Americans. Recent Findings Variations in environmental factors (education, toxins) contribute to poor cognition in Blacks. Historical context, early-life educational experiences, and environmental exposures should be considered for addressing late-life cognitive disparities. Sociocultural (stress, discrimination, social networks, social activity, loneliness) and behavioral (depression, coping, health behaviors) factors can have positive and negative implications for cognitive aging. Given these factors are not consistently shown to play a role in maintaining cognition in Blacks, further examination is needed. Cardiometabolic conditions increase the risk of cognitive issues and are more common in Blacks; thus, examination of biological mechanisms (inflammation, vascular changes, etc.) warrants further study. Summary Future studies should explore the impact of education and segregation and identify mechanisms linking stress and discrimination to cognitive outcomes. Further, culturally tailored programs focused on preventative behaviors are needed to enhance health outcomes and reduce disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnnah R. Byrd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Health North, Suite 301, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Danielle A. Martin
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Health North, Suite 301, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Rodney P. Joseph
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Health North, Suite 301, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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16
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Wallace D, Cooper NR, Sel A, Russo R. Do non-traumatic stressful life events and ageing negatively impact working memory performance and do they interact to further impair working memory performance? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290635. [PMID: 38019767 PMCID: PMC10686508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and normal ageing produce allostatic load, which may lead to difficulties with cognition thereby degrading quality of life. The current study's objective was to assess whether ageing and cumulative stress interact to accelerate cognitive decline. With 60 participants, Marshall et al. found that ageing and cumulative stress interact significantly to impair working memory performance in older adults, suggesting vulnerability to the cumulative effects of life events beyond 60 years old. To replicate and extend this finding, we increased the sample size by conducting 3 independent studies with 156 participants and improved the statistical methods by conducting an iterative Bayesian meta-analysis with Bayes factors. Bayes factors deliver a more comprehensive result because they provide evidence for either the null hypothesis (H0), the alternative hypothesis (H1) or for neither hypothesis due to evidence not being sufficiently sensitive. Young (18-35 yrs) and older (60-85 yrs) healthy adults were categorised as high or low stress based on their life events score derived from the Life Events Scale for Students or Social Readjustment Rating Scale, respectively. We measured accuracy and reaction time on a 2-back working memory task to provide: a) Bayes factors and b) Bayesian meta-analysis, which iteratively added each study's effect sizes to evaluate the overall strength of evidence that ageing, cumulative stress and/or the combination of the two detrimentally affect working memory performance. Using a larger sample (N = 156 vs. N = 60) and a more powerful statistical approach, we did not replicate the robust age by cumulative stress interaction effect found by Marshall et al.. The effects of ageing and cumulative stress also fell within the anecdotal range (⅓
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wallace
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Cooper
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
- Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Tian YM, Wang J, Zhang WS, Jiang CQ, Jin YL, Zhu T, Zhu F, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Xu L. Association of perceived stress with memory decline in older Chinese: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:256-264. [PMID: 37634823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on associations of perceived stress with poor memory performance in older adults showed inconsistent results. We examined the prospective associations of perceived stress with memory decline using data from Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS). METHODS Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at baseline (2003-2006), with greater scores indicating greater stress. Memory function was measured by delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT) and immediate 10-word recall test (IWRT), with greater scores indicating better performance, at baseline and follow-up (2008-2012) examinations, analyzed as mean annual change in scores. RESULTS 9656 participants (72 % women) with mean age 61.6 (standard deviation = 6.4) years were included. During an average of 4.4 years of follow-up, after adjusting for confounders, each one-point greater PSS score was associated with mean annual decline in DWRT scores (β (95 % CI) = -0.005 (-0.008 to -0.002)). Greater Perceived Helplessness (PH) scores, but not Perceived Self-efficacy scores, was associated with greater mean annual decline in DWRT and IWRT scores (β (95 % CI) = -0.005 (-0.009 to -0.001) and - 0.012 (-0.018 to -0.005), respectively), and similar patterns were observed in five out of seven PH items (βs from -0.02 to -0.07). Interaction analysis showed that the association of greater PSS with greater decline in DWRT scores was observed only in those with low family income (β (95 % CI) = -0.08 (-0.13 to -0.04), P for interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Greater perceived stress was associated with a greater decline in delayed recall memory, especially in those with low family income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng Tian
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sen Zhang
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | - Ya Li Jin
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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18
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Rodriguez FS, Grabe HJ, Frenzel S, Klinger-König J, Bülow R, Völzke H, Hoffmann W. Association Between Psychosocial Stress and Brain Aging: Results of the Population-Based Cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 36:110-117. [PMID: 37849313 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that psychosocial factors can have an impact on brain health. Yet, it is unclear whether psychosocial stress affects aging of the brain. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between psychosocial stress and brain aging. METHODS Data from the German population-based cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (N=991; age range 20-78 years) were used to calculate a total psychosocial stress score by combining subscores from five domains: stress related to the living situation, the occupational situation, the social situation, danger experiences, and emotions. Associations with brain aging, indicated by an MRI-derived score quantifying age-related brain atrophy, were estimated by using regression models adjusted for age, gender, education, diabetes, problematic alcohol consumption, smoking, and hypertension. RESULTS The relative risk ratio for advanced brain aging was 1.21 (95% CI=1.04-1.41) for stress related to emotions in fully adjusted models. The interactions between stress related to emotions and mental health symptoms were also significantly associated with advanced brain aging. The association between higher total psychosocial stress and brain aging was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that high stress related to emotions is associated with advanced brain aging. To protect brain health in older age, more research is needed to explore the role of emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S Rodriguez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Mikneviciute G, Allaert J, Pulopulos MM, De Raedt R, Kliegel M, Ballhausen N. Acute stress impacts reaction times in older but not in young adults in a flanker task. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17690. [PMID: 37848597 PMCID: PMC10582047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute psychosocial stress effects on inhibition have been investigated in young adults, but little is known about these effects in older adults. The present study investigated effects of the Trier Social Stress Test on cognitive inhibition (i.e., ability to ignore distracting information) using a cross-over (stress vs. control) design in healthy young (N = 50; 18-30 years; Mage = 23.06) versus older adults (N = 50; 65-84 years; Mage = 71.12). Cognitive inhibition was measured by a letter flanker task and psychophysiological measures (cortisol, heart rate, subjective stress) validated the stress induction. The results showed that while stress impaired overall accuracy across age groups and sessions, stress (vs. control) made older adults' faster in session 1 and slower in session 2. Given that session 2 effects were likely confounded by practice effects, these results suggest that acute psychosocial stress improved older adults' RTs on a novel flanker task but impaired RTs on a practiced flanker task. That is, the interaction between stress and learning effects might negatively affect response execution when testing older adults on flanker tasks. If confirmed by future research, these results might have important implications especially in settings where repeated cognitive testing is performed under acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Mikneviciute
- NCCR LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 28, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jens Allaert
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent (UZ Ghent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matias M Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent (UZ Ghent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- NCCR LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 28, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 28, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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20
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Montoliu T, Zapater-Fajarí M, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Openness to experience and cognitive functioning and decline in older adults: The mediating role of cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108655. [PMID: 37507065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Openness to experience has been consistently associated with better cognitive functioning in older people, but its association with cognitive decline is less clear. Cognitive reserve has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this relationship, but previous studies have reported mixed findings, possibly due to the different ways of conceptualizing cognitive reserve. We aimed to analyze the potential mediating role of cognitive reserve in the association between openness and cognitive functioning and decline in healthy older people. METHOD In Wave 1 and at the four-year follow-up (Wave 2), 87 healthy older people (49.4% women; M age = 65.08, SD = 4.54) completed a neuropsychological battery to assess cognitive functioning and a questionnaire to assess cognitive reserve. Openness was measured with the NEO- Five-Factor Inventory. Mediation models were proposed to investigate the relationship between openness and cognitive function or decline through cognitive reserve or its change. RESULTS Cognitive reserve mediated the openness-cognitive functioning association. Thus, individuals with higher openness showed greater cognitive reserve, and this greater cognitive reserve was associated with better cognitive functioning. Moreover, greater cognitive reserve at baseline also mediated the association between higher openness and slower cognitive decline. However, change in cognitive reserve did not mediate the association between openness and change in cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive reserve is a mechanism underlying the association between openness and cognitive functioning and decline. These findings support the differential preservation hypothesis, suggesting that healthy older adults who engage in more cognitively stimulating activities would show less age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montoliu
- Department Psychobiology-IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Department Psychobiology-IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain.
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Department Psychobiology-IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health CIBERSAM, 28029, Spain
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21
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Friedmann E, Gee NR, Simonsick EM, Kitner-Triolo MH, Resnick B, Adesanya I, Koodaly L, Gurlu M. Pet ownership and maintenance of cognitive function in community-residing older adults: evidence from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Sci Rep 2023; 13:14738. [PMID: 37679499 PMCID: PMC10484936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pet ownership has been associated with reduced deterioration in physical health as older adults age; little research focused on deterioration in cognitive function. We examine the relationship of pet, dog, cat ownership, and dog walking to changes in cognitive function among 637 generally healthy community-dwelling older adults (185 pet owners) aged 50-100 years (M = 68.3, SD = 9.6) within the BLSA. Cognitive assessments every 1-4 years over 1-13 years (M = 7.5, SD = 3.6) include the California Verbal Learning (Immediate, Short, Long Recall); Benton Visual Retention; Trail-Making (Trails A, B, B-A); Digit Span; Boston Naming (Naming); and Digit Symbol Substitution (Digit Symbol) Tests. In linear mixed models, deterioration in cognitive function with age was slower for pet owners than non-owners (Immediate, Short, Long Recall; Trails A,B,B-A; Naming; Digit Symbol); dog owners than non-owners (Immediate, Short Recall; Trails A,B; Naming; Digit Symbol); and cat owners than non-owners (Immediate, Short, Long Recall; Naming), controlling for age and comorbidities. Among dog owners (N = 73) walkers experienced slower deterioration than non-walkers (Trails B, B-A; Short Recall). All ps ≤ 0.05. We provide important longitudinal evidence that pet ownership and dog walking contribute to maintaining cognitive function with aging and the need to support pet ownership and dog walking in design of senior communities and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Friedmann
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Nancy R Gee
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Human Animal Interaction, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa H Kitner-Triolo
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Resnick
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ikmat Adesanya
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lincy Koodaly
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Merve Gurlu
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard St., Suite 402, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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22
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Mejía-Guevara I, Periyakoil VS. Childhood Bullying as a Risk Factor for Late-Life Psychological Distress and Cognitive Impairment. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.04.23295046. [PMID: 37732246 PMCID: PMC10508796 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.23295046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, non-Hispanic Black (19%) older adults are more likely to develop dementia than White older adults (10%). As genetics alone cannot account for these differences, the impact of historical social factors is considered. This study examined whether childhood and late-life psychological distress associated with dementia risk could explain part of these disparities. Using longitudinal data from 379 White and 141 Black respondents from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we assessed the association between childhood bullying and late-life dementia risk, testing for mediation effects from late-life psychological distress. Mediation analysis was computed via negative binomial regression modeling, stratified by race (White/Black), type of bullying experience (target, bully, and bully-target), and the age range at which the experience occurred (6-12, 13-16). The results indicated that late-life psychological distress fully mediated the association between Black respondents who were bullies and dementia risk. However, no significant association was observed among White respondents. These results suggest that interventions aimed at preventing and treating psychological distress throughout the lifespan could be crucial in mitigating the development and progression of dementia risk.
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23
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Hillcoat A, Prakash J, Martin L, Zhang Y, Rosa G, Tiemeier H, Torres N, Mustieles V, Adams CD, Messerlian C. Trauma and female reproductive health across the lifecourse: motivating a research agenda for the future of women's health. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1429-1444. [PMID: 37172265 PMCID: PMC10391316 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aetiology behind many female reproductive disorders is poorly studied and incompletely understood despite the prevalence of such conditions and substantial burden they impose on women's lives. In light of evidence demonstrating a higher incidence of trauma exposure in women with many such disorders, we present a set of interlinked working hypotheses proposing relationships between traumatic events and reproductive and mental health that can define a research agenda to better understand reproductive outcomes from a trauma-informed perspective across the lifecourse. Additionally, we note the potential for racism to act as a traumatic experience, highlight the importance of considering the interaction between mental and reproductive health concerns, and propose several neuroendocrinological mechanisms by which traumatic experiences might increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in these domains. Finally, we emphasize the need for future primary research investigating the proposed pathways between traumatic experiences and adverse female reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hillcoat
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leah Martin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriela Rosa
- Office of Educational Programs, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Torres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Charleen D Adams
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Chen HF, Jiang JY, Chen MH, Lin R, Jerence SWO, Chang CH, Chou CC. Gender differences in cognitive function and its associated factors among older adults with type 2 diabetes. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 52:165-171. [PMID: 37354756 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is widely prevalent among older people and can influence accelerated cognitive decline. Gender-based disparities may contribute to variations in cognitive decline. This study examined gender differences in cognitive function and associated factors among older adults with diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 318 Taiwanese older adults with type 2 diabetes. Demographic, health, and diabetes-related data were collected, and cognitive neuropsychological tests were evaluated. Compared to men, women with diabetes showed significantly poorer performance in global cognitive function and executive function. Age, years of education, sleep quality, and HbA1c were correlated with domains of cognitive function in men, whereas age, years of education, depressive symptoms, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes were associated with domains of cognitive function among women. Nurses should recognize gender differences in factors associated with cognitive function in older adults with diabetes and should develop individualized interventions to improve patients' cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fen Chen
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine and Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fujen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ju Ying Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Chen
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuang University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong Lin
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Seng Wei Ooi Jerence
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Huan Chang
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chen Chou
- Institute of Community Health Care, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Christensen DS, Garde E, Siebner HR, Mortensen EL. Midlife perceived stress is associated with cognitive decline across three decades. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:121. [PMID: 36870969 PMCID: PMC9985854 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates detrimental effects of stress on brain health and cognitive functioning, but population-based studies using comprehensive measures of cognitive decline is lacking. The present study examined the association of midlife perceived stress with cognitive decline from young adulthood to late midlife, controlling for early life circumstances, education and trait stress (neuroticism). METHODS The sample consisted of 292 members of the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort (1959-1961) with continued participation in two subsequent follow-up studies. Cognitive ability was assessed in young adulthood (mean age 27 years) and midlife (mean age 56 years) using the full Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and perceived stress was measured at midlife using the Perceived Stress Scale. The association of midlife perceived stress with decline in Verbal, Performance and Full-Scale IQ was assessed in multiple regression models based on Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation. RESULTS Over a mean retest interval of 29 years, average decline in IQ score was 2.42 (SD 7.98) in Verbal IQ and 8.87 (SD 9.37) in Performance IQ. Mean decline in Full-scale IQ was 5.63 (SD 7.48), with a retest correlation of 0.83. Controlling for parental socio-economic position, education and young adult IQ, higher perceived stress at midlife was significantly associated with greater decline in Verbal (β = - 0.012), Performance (β = - 0.025), and Full-scale IQ (β = - 0.021), all p < .05. Across IQ scales, additionally controlling for neuroticism in young adulthood and change in neuroticism had only minor effects on the association of midlife perceived stress with decline. CONCLUSIONS Despite very high retest correlations, decline was observed on all WAIS IQ scales. In fully adjusted models, higher midlife perceived stress was associated with greater decline on all scales, indicating a negative association of stress with cognitive ability. The association was strongest for Performance and Full-scale IQ, perhaps reflecting the greater decline on these IQ scales compared to Verbal IQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinne Skjærlund Christensen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology (Epos), Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 11, Bld. 1351, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2700, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ellen Garde
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2700, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2700, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Kulshreshtha A, Alonso A, McClure LA, Hajjar I, Manly JJ, Judd S. Association of Stress With Cognitive Function Among Older Black and White US Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e231860. [PMID: 36881411 PMCID: PMC9993177 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Perceived stress can have long-term physiological and psychological consequences and has shown to be a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer disease and related dementias. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between perceived stress and cognitive impairment in a large cohort study of Black and White participants aged 45 years or older. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is a national population-based cohort of 30 239 Black and White participants aged 45 years or older, sampled from the US population. Participants were recruited from 2003 to 2007, with ongoing annual follow-up. Data were collected by telephone, self-administered questionnaires, and an in-home examination. Statistical analysis was performed from May 2021 to March 2022. EXPOSURES Perceived stress was measured using the 4-item version of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. It was assessed at the baseline visit and during 1 follow-up visit. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cognitive function was assessed with the Six-Item Screener (SIS); participants with a score below 5 were considered to have cognitive impairment. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a shift from intact cognition (SIS score >4) at the first assessment to impaired cognition (SIS score ≤4) at the latest available assessment. RESULTS The final analytical sample included 24 448 participants (14 646 women [59.9%]; median age, 64 years [range, 45-98 years]; 10 177 Black participants [41.6%] and 14 271 White participants [58.4%]). A total of 5589 participants (22.9%) reported elevated levels of stress. Elevated levels of perceived stress (dichotomized as low stress vs elevated stress) were associated with 1.37 times higher odds of poor cognition after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22-1.53). The association of the change in the Perceived Stress Scale score with incident cognitive impairment was significant in both the unadjusted model (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.46-1.80) and after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58). There was no interaction with age, race, and sex. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study suggests that there is an independent association between perceived stress and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment. The findings suggest the need for regular screening and targeted interventions for stress among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambar Kulshreshtha
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
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27
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Jain N, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jacobsen E, Andreescu C, Snitz BE, Chang CCH, Ganguli M. It goes both ways: The relationship between anxiety and mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5899. [PMID: 36855309 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between anxiety and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and whether it is mediated by perceived stress, at the population level. METHOD AND DESIGN In a longitudinal study of 368 adults aged 65+ from a population-based cohort, we annually assessed anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), perceived stress (PSS-4), and ratings on the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR®), where CDR = 0.5 was operationalized as MCI. Examining data from three consecutive assessment waves, we first determined the associations between anxiety at the first wave with MCI at the third wave, and vice versa. We then used mediation analyses to determine whether the pathways in both directions were mediated by perceived stress at the second wave, adjusting for demographics and other relevant covariates. RESULTS We confirmed significant bidirectional longitudinal associations between anxiety and MCI. Perceived stress was detected as a significant mediator for both pathways between anxiety and MCI, explaining 37.1% of the total effect (TE) of anxiety on incident MCI while conversely explaining 27.1% of the TE of MCI on anxiety. CONCLUSIONS A bidirectional relationship with a 2-year lag between anxiety and MCI was mediated through perceived stress. Clinicians should be sensitive both to potential consequent anxiety when patients present with cognitive impairment, and to potential incipient MCI when the presenting complaint is anxiety. Managing stress may help mitigate adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingjin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Jacobsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carmen Andreescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chung-Chou H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Timmermans EJ, Leeuwis AE, Bots ML, van Alphen JL, Biessels GJ, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Kappelle LJ, van Rossum AC, van Osch MJP, Vaartjes I. Neighbourhood walkability in relation to cognitive functioning in patients with disorders along the heart-brain axis. Health Place 2023; 79:102956. [PMID: 36525834 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations of neighbourhood walkability with cognitive functioning (i.e., global cognition, memory, language, attention-psychomotor speed, and executive functioning) in participants without or with either heart failure, carotid occlusive disease, or vascular cognitive impairment. Neighbourhood walkability at baseline was positively associated with global cognition and attention-psychomotor speed. These associations were stronger in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. Individuals who live in residential areas with higher walkability levels were less likely to have impairments in language and executive functioning at two-year follow-up. These findings highlight the importance of the built environment for cognitive functioning in healthy and vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna E Leeuwis
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliette L van Alphen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - L Jaap Kappelle
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert C van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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29
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Bartley MM, Baer-Benson H, Schroeder DR, St Sauver JL, Khera N, Griffin JM. Social Determinants of Health among Older Adults with Dementia in Urban and Rural Areas. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:895-902. [PMID: 37874112 DOI: 10.1007/s42414-023-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDOH) may influence health in people living with dementia. Little is known about SDOH differences in urban compared to rural dwelling people living with dementia. OBJECTIVES To explore urban-rural differences in SDOH in people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. DESIGN Descriptive study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS People ≥55 years with MCI or dementia empaneled to Community Internal Medicine at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA) who completed SDOH questions between June 1, 2019 and June 30, 2021 were included. MEASUREMENTS SDOH questions addressed education, depression, alcohol use, financial strain, food insecurity, physical activity, social connections, stress and transportation. SDOH data were compared by location based on Rural-Urban Commuting Areas Codes. RESULTS Of 3552 persons with MCI (n=1495) or dementia (n=2057), 62% lived in urban areas, 19% in large rural, 10% in small rural and 9% in isolated areas. Approximately 60% were physically inactive, 20% socially isolated and 30% had stress concerns. Rural patients experienced greater financial strain (p=0.003). CONCLUSION Social isolation, stress and physical inactivity are common in people living with MCI and dementia across urban and rural areas. Targeted interventions to improve physical and psychosocial health could have great impact in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bartley
- Mairead M. Bartley, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O., M.D., Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Phone 507-284-5278, E-mail:
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30
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Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate psychosocial factors that are associated with positive and negative coping with stress, as well as with worries about and perceived threat by COVID-19 to enable us to provide adequate support for oldest-old individuals. A paper-pencil-based survey assessed COVID-19 worries and perceived threat, depression, anxiety, somatization, social support, loneliness, resilience, positive and negative coping in a sample of n = 197 oldest-old individuals (78-100 years). Linear multivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Individuals with high levels of resilience were more likely to feel self-efficient when coping with stress. High levels of depression, anxiety and loneliness were associated with feeling more helpless when coping with stress. However, oldest-old individuals who felt lonely also experienced situations where they felt competent in stress coping. Being male and experiencing high levels of social support was more likely associated with high levels of worries due to COVID-19. Increased age and higher levels of depression were associated with lower levels of perceived personal threat, whereas higher somatization scores were more likely associated with higher perceived personal threat. Findings suggest that mental health factors may shape the way oldest-old individuals cope with pandemic-related stress. Resilience might be an important factor to take into account when targeting an improvement in positive coping with stress. Oldest-old individuals who have higher levels of depression, anxiety and feel lonely may be supported by adapting their coping skill repertoire to reduce the feeling of helplessness when coping with stress.
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31
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Chen R, Williams DR, Nishimi K, Slopen N, Kubzansky LD, Weuve J. A life course approach to understanding stress exposures and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115448. [PMID: 36274453 PMCID: PMC10069937 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have evaluated the stress-cognition association, but few have captured the cumulative nature of stress or distinguished the influences of stressors occurring in childhood versus adulthood. Using a lifecourse approach, we investigated whether cumulative stress exposures are associated with poorer cognitive function and faster cognitive decline. METHODS We used data from the Midlife Development in the United States Study (N = 3,954, mean baseline age: 56 years). We fit marginal structural generalized estimating equations models to estimate the difference in baseline cognitive function per SD increment in the continuous stressor score, and, separately, between persons in each life course stressor profile and those who did not experience high stress in either childhood or adulthood. We also characterized differences in cognitive decline across levels of stress exposures. RESULTS Higher cumulative stress exposure was associated with lower executive function (difference per SD in continuous stressor score = -0.12 SD units, 95% CI = -0.16, -0.08) and episodic memory (difference = -0.09 SD units, 95% CI = -0.13, -0.05). Baseline executive function and episodic memory were lower among those with high stress only in childhood, only in adulthood, and both, than among those without high stress in childhood or adulthood. There was little evidence that rate of change in executive function and episodic memory differed across levels of cumulative stress exposures. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer support to the hypothesis that stress exposures, accumulated over the life course, worsen cognitive performance, but limited support for the hypothesis that these exposures promote cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Kristen Nishimi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, USA
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Ye Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Li L, Wang Z, Liu G, Lin P, Li Q. Association of Type D personality and mild cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. Front Psychol 2022; 13:974430. [PMID: 36467148 PMCID: PMC9709486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Type D personality and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with hypertension. METHODS A total of 324 subjects with hypertension were included in the study. All of them completed questionnaires on demographic characteristics, Type D personality Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Type D personality effect was analyzed as both dichotomous and continuous methods. RESULTS The incidence of MCI was 56.5% in hypertensive individuals. Type D personality presenting as a dichotomous construct was an independent risk factor of MCI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.814, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.577-5.021, p < 0.001), after adjusting for ages, sex and some clinical factors. Meanwhile, main effect of negative affectivity component was independently related to the prevalence of MCI (OR = 1.087, 95%CI = 1.014-1.165, p = 0.019). However, associations between the main effect of social inhibition component (OR = 1.011, 95%CI = 0.924-1.107, p = 0.811) as well as the interaction of negative affectivity and social inhibition (OR = 1.013, 95%CI = 0.996-1.030, p = 0.127) with MCI were not found. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that Type D personality is strongly associated with MCI in patients with hypertension. The negative affectivity component of the Type D appears to drive the correlations between Type D and MCI. These findings provide new ideas for studying the mechanisms underlying the relationship between personality and cognitive decline in hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Ye
- College of Nursing of Harbin Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiujie Li
- College of Nursing of Harbin Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yu Y, Lv J, Liu J, Chen Y, Chen K, Yang Y. Association between living arrangements and cognitive decline in older adults: A nationally representative longitudinal study in China. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:843. [PMID: 36348275 PMCID: PMC9644618 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living arrangements are critical to the survival and well-being of older people, especially in China where the filial piety culture demands adult children care for and serve their parents. The study aimed to explore the association between living arrangements and cognitive decline among older people in China. METHODS Participants included 6,074 older adults over 60 years old (49.65% male, mean age 67.2 years [range 60-98]) from four waves (2011-2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Two to four assessments were conducted over a follow-up of an average of 5.3 years (range, 2-7). Cognitive function was assessed using an adapted Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Living arrangements were classified as follows: living alone, living with spouse, living with adult children, living with spouse and adult children and living with others. Multilevel models were used to investigate the relationship between living arrangements and cognitive decline, as well as the gender difference. RESULTS As the main type of living arrangements of the study participants (44.91%), living with spouse was taken as the reference group. Compared to the reference group, living alone (β=-0.126, P < 0.001), living with adult children (β=-0.136, P < 0.001), living with spouse and adult children (β=-0.040, P < 0.05) and living with others (β=-0.155, P < 0.05) were all related to a faster rate of cognitive decline. Further, the association between living arrangements and cognitive decline varied by gender. Living alone (β=-0.192, P < 0.001) was associated with a faster cognitive decline only in older men. Living with spouse and adult children (β=-0.053, P < 0.05) and living with others (β=-0.179, P < 0.05) were associated with faster cognitive decline only in older women. CONCLUSION This study suggests that living arrangements in older people in China were associated with cognitive decline, and these associations varied by gender. Greater attention to living arrangements might yield practical implications for preserving the cognitive function of the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Junqi Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yueqiao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Kejin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 Section 3, Renmin South Road, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Jennings EA, Farrell M, Liu Y, Montana L. Associations between cognitive function and marital status in the U.S., South Africa, Mexico, and China. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Muñoz E, Robins RW, Sutin AR. Perceived ethnic discrimination and cognitive function: A 12-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin adults. Soc Sci Med 2022; 311:115296. [PMID: 36088721 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hispanic/Latinx adults are at increased risk for cognitive impairment, and it is critically important to identify modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in this population. We addressed two key questions: (1) How does perceived discrimination change across middle adulthood? And, (2) how are discrimination and the trajectory of discrimination associated with cognitive function? METHODS We used data from 1,110 Mexican-origin adults between 26 and 62 years old (63% female; 85% born in Mexico). Participants completed a perceived ethnic discrimination scale five times across 12 years and completed cognitive assessments in the last wave, which were composited into a measure of overall cognitive function. We used latent growth curve models to estimate the longitudinal trajectory of perceived ethnic discrimination and growth mixture models to identify sub-groups of change trajectories. We evaluated whether patterns of perceived discrimination trajectories, baseline, intermediary, and concurrent discrimination predicted cognitive function at the last wave. RESULTS Perceived ethnic discrimination decreased over time on average. Significant individual differences in within-person change revealed two change trajectory classes: Stable Low and High Declining. The Stable Low class had better cognitive performance compared to the High Declining class, but this effect was not robust to educational attainment. Perceived discrimination at the last wave was associated with worse cognitive function, and this effect remained after accounting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the first to evaluate changes in perceived ethnic discrimination in a sample of Mexican-origin adults and their associations with cognitive function. The results highlight the need for more research to better understand the role of discrimination and other social stressors on cognitive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Muñoz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Richard W Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Da Silva Coelho C, Joly-Burra E, Ihle A, Ballhausen N, Haas M, Hering A, Künzi M, Laera G, Mikneviciute G, Tinello D, Kliegel M, Zuber S. Higher levels of neuroticism in older adults predict lower executive functioning across time: the mediating role of perceived stress. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:633-649. [PMID: 36052201 PMCID: PMC9424398 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with individual differences across multiple cognitive functions. Yet, the literature on its specific association with executive functions (EF) in older adults is scarce, especially using longitudinal designs. To disentangle the specific influence of neuroticism on EF and on coarse cognitive functioning in old adulthood, respectively, we examined the relationship between neuroticism, the Trail Making Test (TMT) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a 6-year longitudinal study using Bayesian analyses. Data of 768 older adults (M age = 73.51 years at Wave 1) were included in a cross-lagged analysis. Results showed no cross-sectional link between neuroticism and TMT performance at Wave 1 and no longitudinal link between neuroticism at Wave 1 and MMSE at Wave 2. However, neuroticism at Wave 1 predicted TMT performance at Wave 2, indicating that the more neurotic participants were, the lower they performed on the TMT six years later. Additional analyses showed that this relation was fully mediated by participants' perceived stress. Our results suggest that the more neurotic older adults are the more stress they may perceive six years later, which in turn negatively relates to their EF. In sum, this study demonstrates that neuroticism may lead to lower EF in older age across six years. It further suggests older adults' perceived stress as mediator, thereby providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying this relation. Possible intervention approaches to counter these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Da Silva Coelho
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Joly-Burra
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianvito Laera
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Greta Mikneviciute
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doriana Tinello
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Zuber
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
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McSorley VE, Howard C, Shah RC, James BD, Boyle P, Barnes LL. The Relationship of John Henryism With Cognitive Function and Decline in Older Black Adults. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:766-772. [PMID: 35980784 PMCID: PMC9437121 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between John Henryism, a psychological trait typified by high-effort active coping that has been associated with adverse health outcomes among Blacks, and cognitive decline. METHODS In a cohort of community-dwelling older Black adults ( N = 611), we investigated the relationship between John Henryism and cognitive decline. John Henryism was measured using the John Henryism Active Coping Scale (JHACS), a nine-item validated measure of self-reported high-effort coping (mean [standard deviation] = 16.9 [4.8]; range, 4-27). We implemented a three-step modeling process using mixed-effects models to assess the relationship between the JHACS and global cognitive function as well as five cognitive domains. We adjusted for demographics and for factors known to be associated with cognitive function and decline including vascular risk factors, discrimination, and income. RESULTS The trait of high-effort active coping was associated with lower-average cognitive function ( β = -0.07, 95% confidence interval = -0.10 to -0.03), but not with decline. The results remained after further adjustment for experiences of discrimination, income, and vascular risk factors. In domain-specific analyses, we found that the JHACS was associated with baseline levels of working memory, semantic memory, and visuospatial ability, but not decline. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of using culturally specific measures in considering the heterogeneity of cognitive health outcomes in minoritized populations. Understanding how stress responses relate to late-life cognition among older Black adults could help promote aspects of behavioral resilience along with healthful coping responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Eloesa McSorley
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Howard
- Department of Psychology, Utah State Hospital
- Department Brigham Young University
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bryan D. James
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Setiyani R, Iskandar A. Cognitive impairment among older adults living in the community and in nursing home in Indonesia: a pilot study. Dement Neuropsychol 2022; 16:347-353. [PMID: 36619837 PMCID: PMC9762390 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The demographic phenomenon of population aging has brought some consequences, including a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Objective This study aimed to assess and compare cognitive impairment and its risk factors between older persons living in the community and in nursing home in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was employed among 99 older adults living in the community and 49 nursing home residents. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results Older people living in the community showed a higher score on MMSE than those living in nursing home (p=0.044). Age, marital status, education level, and literacy status were significantly related to the cognitive function of older adults living in the community (p=0.003, p=0.007, p=0.005, p=0.001, respectively), while gender, education level, and literacy status were significantly related to that of nursing home residents (p=0.012, p=0.004, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusions Older adults living in the nursing home were more likely to experience cognitive decline than their counterparts in the community. Factors associated with cognitive decline differ between community-dwelling older adults and nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Setiyani
- Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, School of Nursing, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Asep Iskandar
- Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, School of Nursing, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia
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Hashmi F, Haroon M, Ullah S, Asif S, Javed S, Tayyab Z. Stress at Home and Female Gender Are Significantly Associated With Non-adherence and Poor Illness Perception Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cureus 2022; 14:e25835. [PMID: 35836440 PMCID: PMC9273195 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We aimed to assess the level of non-adherence and poor illness perception among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Additionally, we examined their associations with clinical indicators and outcomes. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted using data collected at the time of patient enrolment in the Pakistan Registry of Rheumatic Diseases (PRIME) registry. A wide range of clinical variables was studied. To measure adherence, we used the Urdu version of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS), which has recently been validated in RA patients. A Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) was used to measure illness perception. Results The data of consecutive 320 RA patients were reviewed. Thirty-six percent of the cohort (n=116) was noted to have non-adherence. On multiple logistic regression analysis, a significant association of non-adherence was noted with moderate-to-severe stress (odds ratio {OR}: 1.85, confidence interval {CI}: 1.04-3.2), DAS-28 scores (OR: 1.83, CI: 1.52-2.21), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores (OR: 1.77, CI: 1.07-2.92), and deformed joint counts (OR: 1.30, CI: 1.15-1.46). Additionally, non-adherence due to "patient behavior" had a significant association with the male gender (OR: 0.48, CI: 0.26-0.87), unemployment (OR: 1.82, CI: 1.07-3.10), and stress at home (OR: 2.17, CI: 1.35-3.49). Twenty-six percent of the cohort (n=86) was noted to have the most negative illness perception, and on multiple logistic regression analysis, it was significantly associated with male gender (OR: 0.24, CI: 0.11-0.53), age of onset of arthritis (OR: 0.96, CI: 0.94-0.99), and worse HAQ scores (OR: 3.7, CI: 2.2-6.1). Conclusions Important adverse factors contributing to non-adherence and negative illness perception highlighted in this study were stress at home, female gender, and younger age of patients.
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Bonsang E, Skirbekk V. Does Childbearing Affect Cognitive Health in Later Life? Evidence From an Instrumental Variable Approach. Demography 2022; 59:975-994. [PMID: 35471229 PMCID: PMC10539463 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9930490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a widespread concern as populations grow older. However, population aging is partly driven by a decrease in fertility, and family size may influence cognitive functioning in later life. Prior studies have shown that fertility history is associated with late-life cognition, but whether the relationship is causal remains unclear. We use an instrumental variable approach and data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe to examine whether having three or more versus two children affects late-life cognition. Parents often prefer to have at least one son and one daughter. We thus exploit the sex composition of the first two children as a source of exogenous variation in the probability of having three or more children. Results indicate that having three or more versus two children has a negative effect on late-life cognition. This effect is strongest in Northern Europe, perhaps because higher fertility decreases financial resources yet does not improve social resources in this region. Future studies should address the potential effects of childlessness or having one child on late-life cognition and explore the mediating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bonsang
- LEDA, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Dauphine, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Netspar, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Vegard Skirbekk
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Columbia Aging Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Montoliu T, Pulopulos MM, Puig-Pérez S, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Mediation of perceived stress and cortisol in the association between neuroticism and global cognition in older adults: A longitudinal study. Stress Health 2022; 38:290-303. [PMID: 34363312 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with a greater dementia risk, but its association with cognitive decline in healthy older adults remains unclear. Stress has been proposed as one of the mechanisms that could explain this relationship. Our aim was to analyse, in healthy older people, the mediating role of perceived stress and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in the association between neuroticism and global cognition. At Waves 1 and 2 (4-year follow-up), 87 older people (49.4% women; M age = 65.08, SD = 4.54 at Wave 1) completed a neuropsychological battery and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and provided saliva samples on two (Wave 1) and three (Wave 2) consecutive days to measure the wake-to-bed slope. In Wave 2, neuroticism was assessed with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. PSS, but not the wake-to-bed slope, mediated the negative associations between neuroticism and global cognition (Waves 1, 2 and change). Regarding gender differences, PSS (Waves 1, 2 and change) and the wake-to-bed slope (Wave 2 and change) mediated these associations in men. Our results suggest that perceived stress and HPA-axis dysregulation could act as mechanisms underlying the association between neuroticism and cognitive functioning and decline, at least in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Montoliu
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matías M Pulopulos
- IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Sara Puig-Pérez
- Research Group of Psychology and Quality of Life, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Brunette AM, Rycroft SS, Colvin L, Schwartz AW, Driver JA, Nothern A, Harrington MB, Jackson CE. Integrating Neuropsychology into Interprofessional Geriatrics Clinics. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:545-552. [PMID: 34718368 PMCID: PMC9630824 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interprofessional healthcare teams are increasingly viewed as a clinical approach to meet the complex medical, psychological, and psychosocial needs of older adult patients. Despite the fact that older adults are at risk for cognitive difficulties, neuropsychologists are not routinely included on Geriatrics consult teams. The primary aim of this paper is to highlight the utility of neuropsychology within an interprofessional Geriatrics consult clinic. To address this aim, we describe specific benefits to patient care that may be associated with the inclusion of neuropsychologists on Geriatrics consult teams, including differential diagnosis, enhanced patient care, and reduced barriers to care. We provide a description of the integration of neuropsychology within a Veterans Health Administration (VA) interprofessional Geriatrics consult clinic team in order to illustrate the implementation of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Brunette
- Psychology Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author at: The University of Kansas Health System, 4330 Shawnee Mission Pkwy Suite 2180, Fairway, KS 66205, USA. Tel.: 913-588-6973; Fax: 913-588-6964. (A.M. Brunette)
| | | | - Leigh Colvin
- Psychology Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Wershof Schwartz
- Division of Geriatrics & Palliative Care, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Division, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Division of Aging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane A. Driver
- Division of Geriatrics & Palliative Care, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Division, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Division of Aging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nothern
- Division of Geriatrics & Palliative Care, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Harrington
- Division of Geriatrics & Palliative Care, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Division, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen E. Jackson
- Psychology Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Rimmele U, Ballhausen N, Ihle A, Kliegel M. In Older Adults, Perceived Stress and Self-Efficacy Are Associated with Verbal Fluency, Reasoning, and Prospective Memory (Moderated by Socioeconomic Position). Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020244. [PMID: 35204007 PMCID: PMC8870367 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence that stress relates negatively to cognitive functioning in older adults, little is known how appraisal of stress and socioeconomic meso-level factors influence different types of cognitive functions in older adults. Here, we assess the relationship between perceived stress (PSS scale) and a battery of cognitive functions, including prospective memory in 1054 older adults (65+). A moderator analysis assessed whether this relationship varies with neighborhood socioeconomic status using an area-based measure of Socioeconomic Position (SEP). Perceived stress was associated with worse processing speed, verbal fluency, and inductive reasoning. The perceived self-efficacy subscale of the PSS is related to better performance in these measures. Higher self-efficacy was also associated with better prospective memory; this relationship was more pronounced for people with high neighborhood SEP. These findings indicate that not only do perceived stress and perceived self-efficacy relate to cognitive functioning in older age but also that neighborhood SEP is a moderator of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Rimmele
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (N.B.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Emotion and Memory Laboratory, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-379-37-97
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (N.B.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (N.B.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (N.B.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Chen R, Weuve J, Misra S, Cuevas A, Kubzansky LD, Williams DR. Racial Disparities in Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Roles of Cumulative Stress Exposures Across the Life Course. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:357-364. [PMID: 33824971 PMCID: PMC8824673 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities in cognitive function are well documented, but factors driving these disparities remain underexplored. This study aims to quantify the extent to which cumulative stress exposures across the life course explain Black-White disparities in executive function and episodic memory in middle-aged and older adults. METHOD Data were drawn from the 2004-2006 wave of the Midlife Development in the United States Study (MIDUS 2) and the MIDUS Refresher study (N = 5,947; 5,262 White and 685 Black). Cumulative stress exposures were assessed by 10 stressor domains (ie, childhood stress, stressful life events in adulthood, financial stress, work psychological stress, work physical stress, work-family conflicts, neighborhood disorder, relationship stress, perceived inequality, and perceived discrimination). Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone. Marginal structural models were used to quantify the proportion of the effect of race/ethnicity status on cognitive function mediated through cumulative stress exposures. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and sample, on average, Black participants had lower levels of executive function (difference: -0.83 SD units, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.75) and episodic memory (difference: -0.53 SD units, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.45) scores than White participants. Cumulative stress exposures accounted for 8.4% of the disparity in executive function and 13.2% of the disparity in episodic memory. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative stress exposures across the life course explained modest proportions of Black-White disparities in cognitive function in this large cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Supriya Misra
- Department of Public Health, San Francisco State University, California, USA
| | - Adolfo Cuevas
- Department of Community Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Möschl M, Schmidt K, Enge S, Weckesser LJ, Miller R. Chronic stress and executive functioning: A specification-curve analysis. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113639. [PMID: 34732334 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the association between chronic stress and executive functioning (EF), we assessed 514 young to middle-aged adults in three EF tasks (i.e., Number-Letter, 2-Back, Go/Nogo) that assessed shifting, updating, and inhibition. Chronic stress was assessed by various self-report measures and hair cortisol concentrations as indicators of subjective and objective chronic stress, respectively. In order to test the association between chronic stress and EF, we fit a structural equation model with a latent common EF factor predicted by subjective and objective chronic stress on Kaplan-Meier estimates of response times. Controlling for participants' sex, age household income and the delay between cognitive testing and hair sample collection, neither subjective nor objective chronic stress showed a meaningful association with common EF. Exploratory analyses suggested a moderation effect of income on the association between subjective chronic stress and common EF, with a smaller association for high-income participants. Additionally, we conducted a specification-curve analysis on the association between chronic stress and EF to assess the influence of different analysis choices on results in our dataset. This analysis confirmed the absence of a coherent association between chronic stress and EF by showing that the majority of analytical choices produced null effects and only a small number of analytical choices produced meaningful associations (negative or positive). Taken together, our findings suggest that common EF likely remains preserved under the influence of chronic stress. Our specification-curve analysis, however, also shows that chronic stress may also have either a positive or a negative effect on EF, depending on the choice of covariates and measures of chronic stress and EF. Consequently, more research on the role of these factors for the association between chronic stress and EF is needed to avoid the interpretation of non-replicable stress-EF associations caused by analytical choices or selection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Möschl
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kornelius Schmidt
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sören Enge
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa J Weckesser
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Miller
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Francisco HC, Bregola A, Ottaviani AC, Luchesi BM, Orlandi FDS, Fraga FJ, Costa-Guarisco L, Pavarini SCI. Associação entre fatores psicossociais e funcionais e desempenho de idosos em linguagem e fluência verbal. REVISTA CEFAC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20222460822s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores psicossociais e funcionais associados ao desempenho de idosos em linguagem e fluência verbal. Métodos: estudo realizado com 149 idosos cadastrados no serviço de atenção primária à saúde de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. Foram utilizados um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke - Revisado (domínios de fluência verbal e de linguagem), Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Escala de Estresse Percebido, Medical Outcomes Study, WHOQOL-OLD e Escala de Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária. Os participantes foram divididos em tercis de acordo com o desempenho em linguagem e fluência verbal: T1 = melhor desempenho, T2 = desempenho mediano e T3 = pior desempenho. Foram comparados os grupos T1 e T3 e realizada uma regressão binária para analisar os fatores associados ao melhor desempenho em linguagem e fluência verbal. Resultados: as variáveis associadas ao melhor desempenho de linguagem comparando T1 e T3 foram: maior escolaridade, maior renda e melhor funcionalidade. Para a melhor fluência verbal, os fatores associados foram: maior escolaridade e melhor funcionalidade. Conclusão: a escolaridade e a funcionalidade mostraram-se importantes fatores associados ao bom desempenho da linguagem e da fluência verbal, enquanto a renda mostrou-se associada apenas ao bom desempenho de linguagem.
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Francisco HC, Bregola A, Ottaviani AC, Luchesi BM, Orlandi FDS, Fraga FJ, Costa-Guarisco L, Pavarini SCI. Association between psychosocial and functional factors and language and verbal fluency performance in older adults. REVISTA CEFAC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20222460822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify psychosocial and functional factors associated with language and verbal fluency performance in older adults. Methods: a study conducted with 149 older adults registered in a primary health care service in a city in inland São Paulo. Instruments such as a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination-Revised (verbal fluency and language domains), Geriatric Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Medical Outcomes Study, WHOQOL-OLD, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, were used. Participants were divided into tertiles, according to their language and verbal fluency performance: T1 = best performance, T2 = median performance, and T3 = worst performance. Groups T1 and T3 were compared, and a binary regression was conducted to analyze the factors associated with the best language and verbal fluency performance. Results: higher educational attainment, higher income, and better functioning were the factors associated with the best language performance comparing T1 and T3, while higher educational attainment and better functioning were associated with the best verbal fluency. Conclusion: educational attainment and functioning proved to be important factors associated with good language and verbal fluency performance, while income was associated only with good language performance.
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Does older adults' cognition particularly suffer from stress? A systematic review of acute stress effects on cognition in older age. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:583-602. [PMID: 34896431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This literature review provides the first comprehensive qualitative and quantitative systematic synthesis of acute laboratory stress effects on older adults' cognition by specifying the direction and magnitude of those effects both overall and for different cognitive processes separately. A systematic literature search was performed, and effect sizes estimated whenever possible. We found meta-analytical evidence that stress has negative effects on older adults' verbal fluency (gadj = -0.53, 95 % CI [-2.70, 1.63]), null-to-negative effects on episodic memory (gadj = -0.26, 95 % CI [-0.44, -0.08]), null effects on executive functions (gadj = 0.07, 95 % CI [-0.31, 0.46]), and enhancing effects on working memory (gadj = 0.16, 95 % CI [-0.01, 0.33]). Relating these findings to those in young adults, notable differences emerged for some cognitive functions, such as opposing effects on working memory between age groups. Our review further reveals that stress effects on older adults' memory retention, associative memory, prospective memory, interference control or cognitive flexibility are heavily understudied. We provide a conceptual and methodological framework for future studies in older adults.
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Morris EP, Brown LL, Zaheed AB, Palms JD, Sol K, Martino A, Zahodne LB. Effects of Stress Exposure Versus Appraisal on Episodic Memory Trajectories: Evidence for Risk and Resilience Among Black Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:2148-2155. [PMID: 34871420 PMCID: PMC9683504 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic stressors, experienced disproportionately by Black older adults, are a risk factor for memory impairment. Racially patterned stress exposure may contribute to higher rates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) among Black older adults compared with Whites, but less is known about the role of stress appraisal. This study examined whether chronic stress exposure mediates racial disparities in memory and whether stress appraisal moderates these associations. METHODS Participants included 16,924 older adults (Mage = 67.39, 21% Black) from the 2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study who completed measures of chronic stress exposure (health, financial, housing, relationships, and caregiving) and appraisal. Latent growth curves modeled longitudinal performance on a word list memory task over 6 years. RESULTS Black older adults reported greater stress exposure than Whites, and greater stress exposure partially mediated Black-White disparities in initial memory (standardized indirect effect = -0.002, p = .009). However, Black older adults appraised stressors as less upsetting than Whites. While stress appraisal did not moderate links between stress exposure and memory, appraising stressors as less upsetting was independently associated with better initial memory. Thus, Black-White disparities in initial memory was partially offset by Black participants' appraisal of stressors as less upsetting (standardized indirect effect = 0.002, p = .016). DISCUSSION Reducing chronic stress exposure may reduce racial disparities in ADRD risk. The counteractive effect of stress appraisal on Black-White disparities in episodic memory highlights resilience factors among Black older adults that should be characterized in future research to move beyond deficit models of ADRD inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Morris
- Address correspondence to: Emily P. Morris, MS, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. E-mail:
| | - Lauren L Brown
- Division of Health Management and Policy, San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Afsara B Zaheed
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jordan D Palms
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ketlyne Sol
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexa Martino
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Glover CM, Capuano AW, Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Barnes LL. Correlates of perceived stress among community-dwelling older African Americans. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260749. [PMID: 34852017 PMCID: PMC8635343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of perceived stress among older African Americans. METHODS AND FINDINGS Guided by the National Institute on Aging's (NIA) Health Disparities Research Framework, we grouped correlates into four levels-environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and biological, and performed a cross-sectional analysis using ordinal logistic regression models. Participants included 722 African Americans [mean age = 73.61 years (SD = 6.33)] from the Minority Aging Research Study (MARS). Several protective correlates from environmental (e.g., larger life space), sociocultural (e.g., larger social network size), behavioral (e.g., more purpose in life), and biological (e.g., higher global cognition) levels were associated with a lower odds of having higher levels of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stress was associated with established and novel correlates from every level. Future research is needed to examine how changes in these correlates may impact perceived stress in older African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M. Glover
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ana W. Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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