1
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Neumann A, Hofman A, Vernooij MW, Neitzel J. The bidirectional relationship between brain structure and physical activity: A longitudinal analysis in the UK Biobank. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 138:1-9. [PMID: 38460471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is a protective factor against brain atrophy, while loss of brain volume could also be a determinant of physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to explore the bidirectional association of physical activity with brain structures in middle-aged and older adults from the UK Biobank. Overall, 3027 participants (62.45 ± 7.27 years old, 51.3% females) had data at two time points. Hippocampal volume was associated with total (β=0.048, pFDR=0.016) and household (β=0.075, pFDR<0.001) physical activity. Global fractional anisotropy (β=0.042, pFDR=0.028) was also associated with household physical activity. In the opposite direction, walking was negatively associated with white matter volume (β=-0.026, pFDR=0.008). All these associations were confirmed by the linear mixed models. Interestingly, sports at baseline were linked to hippocampal and frontal cortex volumes at follow-up but these associations disappeared after adjusting for multiple comparisons (pall>0.104). In conclusion, we found more consistent evidence that a healthier brain structure predicted higher physical activity levels than for the inverse, more established relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amy Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Julia Neitzel
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Booker JM, Cabeza de Baca T, Treviño-Alvarez AM, Stinson EJ, Votruba SB, Chang DC, Engel SG, Krakoff J, Gluck ME. Dietary Adherence Is Associated with Perceived Stress, Anhedonia, and Food Insecurity Independent of Adiposity. Nutrients 2024; 16:526. [PMID: 38398850 PMCID: PMC10892668 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined whether perceived stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity were associated with dietary adherence during a 6-week intervention. Sixty participants (23 m; 53 ± 14 y) completed psychosocial measures and were provided with full meals. Individuals with obesity were randomized to a weight-maintaining energy needs (WMENs) (n = 18; BMI 33 ± 4) or a 35% calorie-reduced diet (n = 19; BMI 38 ± 9); normal-weight individuals (n = 23; BMI 23 ± 2) were assigned to a WMENs diet. Adherence scores were determined via weekly assessments and daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of real-time behavior in a natural environment. Perceived stress and anhedonia were associated with % body fat (all r-values > 0.25, all p-values < 0.05), but food insecurity and adherence were not. Higher perceived stress (r = -0.31, p = 0.02), anhedonia (r = -0.34, p = 0.01), and food insecurity (r = -0.27, p = 0.04) were associated with lower adherence scores, even after adjusting for age, sex, and % body fat. In all adjusted models, % body fat was not associated with adherence. Higher measures of stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity predicted lower adherence independently of body fat, indicating that psychosocial factors are important targets for successful adherence to dietary interventions, regardless of body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetaun M. Booker
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Tomás Cabeza de Baca
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Andrés M. Treviño-Alvarez
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Emma J. Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Susanne B. Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Douglas C. Chang
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | | | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Marci E. Gluck
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
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3
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Wall J, Xie H, Wang X. Temporal Interactions between Maintenance of Cerebral Cortex Thickness and Physical Activity from an Individual Person Micro-Longitudinal Perspective and Implications for Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38392561 PMCID: PMC10890462 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of brain structure is essential for neurocognitive health. Precision medicine has interests in understanding how maintenance of an individual person's brain, including cerebral cortical structure, interacts with lifestyle factors like physical activity. Cortical structure, including cortical thickness, has recognized relationships with physical activity, but concepts of these relationships come from group, not individual, focused findings. Whether or how group-focused concepts apply to an individual person is fundamental to precision medicine interests but remains unclear. This issue was studied in a healthy man using concurrent micro-longitudinal tracking of magnetic resonance imaging-defined cortical thickness and accelerometer-defined steps/day over six months. These data permitted detailed examination of temporal relationships between thickness maintenance and physical activity at an individual level. Regression analyses revealed graded significant and trend-level temporal interactions between preceding activity vs. subsequent thickness maintenance and between preceding thickness maintenance vs. subsequent activity. Interactions were bidirectional, delayed/prolonged over days/weeks, positive, bilateral, directionally asymmetric, and limited in strength. These novel individual-focused findings in some ways are predicted, but in other ways remain unaddressed or undetected, by group-focused work. We suggest that individual-focused concepts of temporal interactions between maintenance of cortical structure and activity can provide needed new insight for personalized tailoring of physical activity, cortical, and neurocognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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4
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Falck RS, Hsu CL, Best JR, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Hall PA, Li LC, Liu-Ambrose T. Cross-sectional and longitudinal neural predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour from a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:919. [PMID: 38195673 PMCID: PMC10776740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle offers immediate gratification, but at the expense of long-term health. It is thus critical to understand how the brain evaluates immediate rewards and long-term health effects in the context of deciding whether to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behaviour (SB). In this secondary analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial to increase MVPA and reduce SB among community-dwelling adults, we explored how neural activity during an executive control task was associated with MVPA and SB levels. At baseline, a subset of participants (n = 26/61) underwent task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural activity underlying executive control using the Now/Later task. MVPA and SB were measured objectively using the Sensewear Mini at baseline, and 2, 4, and 6 months follow-up. We then examined the associations of baseline neural activation underlying executive control with: (1) baseline MVPA or SB; and (2) changes in MVPA and SB over 6 months. Our results determined that there is a complex neurocognitive system associated with MVPA levels, while SB appears to lack any neurocognitive control. In other words, MVPA appears to require neurocognitive effort, while SB may be the default behavioural pattern in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Stanley Falck
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chun Liang Hsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - John R Best
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Narlon Cassio Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Linda C Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 212-177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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5
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Hall PA, Best JR, Beaton EA, Sakib MN, Danckert J. Morphology of the prefrontal cortex predicts body composition in early adolescence: cognitive mediators and environmental moderators in the ABCD Study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsab104. [PMID: 34471927 PMCID: PMC11305164 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological features of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in late childhood and early adolescence may provide important clues as to the developmental etiology of clinical conditions such as obesity. Body composition measurements and structural brain imaging were performed on 11 226 youth at baseline (age 9 or 10 years) and follow-up (age 11 or 12 years). Baseline morphological features of the lateral PFC were examined as predictors of body composition. Findings revealed reliable associations between middle frontal gyrus volume, thickness and surface area and multiple indices of body composition. These findings were consistent across both time points and remained significant after covariate adjustment. Cortical thicknesses of the inferior frontal gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex were also reliable predictors. Morphology effects on body composition were mediated by performance on a non-verbal reasoning task. Modest but reliable moderation effects were observed with respect to environmental self-regulatory demand after controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, income and methodological variables. Overall findings suggest that PFC morphology is a reliable predictor of body composition in early adolescence, as mediated through select cognitive functions and partially moderated by environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John R Best
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, BC V6B 5K3, Canada
| | - Elliott A Beaton
- Department of Psychology, University of New
Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Mohammad N Sakib
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - James Danckert
- Department of Psychology, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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6
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Hofman A, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Vernooij MW, Croll PH, Luik AI, Neumann A, Niessen WJ, Ikram MA, Voortman T, Muetzel RL. Physical activity levels and brain structure in middle-aged and older adults: a bidirectional longitudinal population-based study. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 121:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review recent work on applications of non-pharmacologic strategies to promote cognitive health in older adulthood and discuss potential network mechanisms, limitations, and considerations for improving intervention uptake and efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS In healthy older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment, cognitive training produces global and domain-specific cognitive gains, though effect sizes tend to be modest and transfer is variable. Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown moderate success in enhancing cognitive function, though the optimum approach, parameters, and cortical targets require further investigation. Physical activity improves cognitive functions in late life, with emerging trials highlighting key intervention components that may maximize treatment outcomes. Multimodal interventions may be superior to single-component interventions in conferring cognitive gains, although interpretation is limited by modest sample sizes and variability in training components and parameters. Across modalities, individual differences in patient characteristics predict therapeutic response. These interventions may advance cognitive health by modulating functional networks that support core cognitive abilities including the default mode, executive control, and salience networks. Effectiveness of cognitive enhancement strategies may be increased with clinician-led coaching, booster sessions, gamification, integration of multiple intervention modalities, and concrete applications to everyday functioning. Future trials involving rigorous comparisons of training components, parameters, and delivery formats will be essential in establishing the precise approaches needed to maximize cognitive outcomes. Novel studies using patient-level clinical and neuroimaging features to predict individual differences in training gains may inform the development of personalized intervention prescriptions to optimize cognitive health in late life.
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8
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Morris TP, Burzynska A, Voss M, Fanning J, Salerno EA, Prakash R, Gothe NP, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Hillman CH, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Brain Structure and Function Predict Adherence to an Exercise Intervention in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1483-1492. [PMID: 35482769 PMCID: PMC9378462 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individual differences in brain structure and function in older adults are potential proxies of brain reserve or maintenance and may provide mechanistic predictions of adherence to exercise. We hypothesized that multimodal neuroimaging features would predict adherence to a 6-month randomized controlled trial of exercise in 131 older adults (age, 65.79 ± 4.65 yr, 63% female), alone and in combination with psychosocial, cognitive, and health measures. METHODS Regularized elastic net regression within a nested cross-validation framework was applied to predict adherence to the intervention in three separate models (brain structure and function only; psychosocial, health, and demographic data only; and a multimodal model). RESULTS Higher cortical thickness in somatosensory and inferior frontal regions and less surface area in primary visual and inferior frontal regions predicted adherence. Higher nodal functional connectivity (degree count) in default, frontoparietal, and attentional networks and less nodal strength in primary visual and temporoparietal networks predicted exercise adherence ( r = 0.24, P = 0.004). Survey and clinical measures of gait and walking self-efficacy, biological sex, and perceived stress also predicted adherence ( r = 0.17, P = 0.056); however, this prediction was not significant when tested against a null test statistic. A combined multimodal model achieved the highest predictive strength ( r = 0.28, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a substantial utility of using brain-based measures in future research into precision and individualized exercise interventions older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Burzynska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Michelle Voss
- Deptartment of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City,
IA
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest
University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Elizabeth A. Salerno
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery,
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ruchika Prakash
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus,
OH
| | - Neha P. Gothe
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston,
MA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain
and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston,
MA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and
Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston,
MA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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9
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Kozarzewski L, Maurer L, Mähler A, Spranger J, Weygandt M. Computational approaches to predicting treatment response to obesity using neuroimaging. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:773-805. [PMID: 34951003 PMCID: PMC9307532 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide disease associated with multiple severe adverse consequences and comorbid conditions. While an increased body weight is the defining feature in obesity, etiologies, clinical phenotypes and treatment responses vary between patients. These variations can be observed within individual treatment options which comprise lifestyle interventions, pharmacological treatment, and bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery can be regarded as the most effective treatment method. However, long-term weight regain is comparably frequent even for this treatment and its application is not without risk. A prognostic tool that would help predict the effectivity of the individual treatment methods in the long term would be essential in a personalized medicine approach. In line with this objective, an increasing number of studies have combined neuroimaging and computational modeling to predict treatment outcome in obesity. In our review, we begin by outlining the central nervous mechanisms measured with neuroimaging in these studies. The mechanisms are primarily related to reward-processing and include "incentive salience" and psychobehavioral control. We then present the diverse neuroimaging methods and computational prediction techniques applied. The studies included in this review provide consistent support for the importance of incentive salience and psychobehavioral control for treatment outcome in obesity. Nevertheless, further studies comprising larger sample sizes and rigorous validation processes are necessary to answer the question of whether or not the approach is sufficiently accurate for clinical real-world application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Kozarzewski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Maurer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Mähler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Weygandt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Maleki S, Hendrikse J, Chye Y, Caeyenberghs K, Coxon JP, Oldham S, Suo C, Yücel M. Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise with brain white matter in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2402-2425. [PMID: 35773556 PMCID: PMC9581839 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have revealed positive associations between brain structure and physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise (referred to here as PACE). While a considerable body of research has investigated the effects of PACE on grey matter, much less is known about effects on white matter (WM). Hence, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published prior to 5th July 2021 using online databases (PubMed and Scopus) and PRISMA guidelines to synthesise what is currently known about the relationship between PACE and WM in healthy adults. A total of 60 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Heterogeneity across studies was calculated using Qochran's q test, and publication bias was assessed for each meta-analysis using Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test. A meta-regression was also conducted to explore factors contributing to any observed heterogeneity. Overall, we observed evidence of positive associations between PACE and global WM volume (effect size (Hedges's g) = 0.137, p < 0.001), global WM anomalies (effect size = 0.182, p < 0.001), and local microstructure integrity (i.e., corpus callosum: effect size = 0.345, p < 0.001, and anterior limb of internal capsule: effect size = 0.198, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that higher levels of PACE are associated with improved global WM volume and local integrity. We appraise the quality of evidence, and discuss the implications of these findings for the preservation of WM across the lifespan. We conclude by providing recommendations for future research in order to advance our understanding of the specific PACE parameters and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Maleki
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Movement and Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yann Chye
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - James P Coxon
- Movement and Exercise Neuroscience Laboratory, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stuart Oldham
- Neural Systems and Behaviour, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, 770 Blackburn RD, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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11
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Wanigatunga AA, Liu F, Wang H, Urbanek JK, An Y, Spira AP, Dougherty RJ, Tian Q, Moghekar A, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Resnick SM, Schrack JA. Daily Physical Activity Patterns as a Window on Cognitive Diagnosis in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:459-469. [PMID: 35599480 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gradual disengagement from daily physical activity (PA) could signal present or emerging mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE This study examined whether accelerometry-derived patterns of everyday movement differ by cognitive diagnosis in participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). METHODS Activity patterns, overall and by time-of-day, were cross-sectionally compared between participants with adjudicated normal cognition (n = 549) and MCI/AD diagnoses (n = 36; 5 participants [14%] living with AD) using covariate-adjusted regression models. RESULTS Compared to those with normal cognition, those with MCI/AD had 2.1% higher activity fragmentation (SE = 1.0%, p = 0.036) but similar mean total activity counts/day (p = 0.075) and minutes/day spent active (p = 0.174). Time-of-day analyses show MCI/AD participants had lower activity counts and minutes spent active during waking hours (6:00 am-5:59 pm; p < 0.01 for all). Also, they had lower activity fragmentation from 12:00-5:59 am (p < 0.001), but higher fragmentation from 12:00-5:59 pm (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Differences in the timing and patterns of physical activity throughout the day linked to MCI/AD diagnoses warrant further investigation into potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Wanigatunga
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacek K Urbanek
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan J Dougherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qu Tian
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Won J, Callow DD, Pena GS, Gogniat MA, Kommula Y, Arnold-Nedimala NA, Jordan LS, Smith JC. Evidence for exercise-related plasticity in functional and structural neural network connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:923-940. [PMID: 34655658 PMCID: PMC8642315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies investigating exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)-related changes in the functional and structural organization of brain networks continues to rise. Functional and structural connectivity are critical biomarkers for brain health and many exercise-related benefits on the brain are better represented by network dynamics. Here, we reviewed the neuroimaging literature to better understand how exercise or CRF may facilitate and maintain the efficiency and integrity of functional and structural aspects of brain networks in both younger and older adults. Converging evidence suggests that increased exercise performance and CRF modulate functional connectivity of the brain in a way that corresponds to behavioral changes such as cognitive and motor performance improvements. Similarly, greater physical activity levels and CRF are associated with better cognitive and motor function, which may be brought about by enhanced structural network integrity. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of trends in exercise-network studies as well as future directions based on the gaps in knowledge that are currently present in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Marissa A Gogniat
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yash Kommula
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | - Leslie S Jordan
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
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13
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Loprinzi PD, Harper J, Ikuta T. The effects of aerobic exercise on corpus callosum integrity: systematic review. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:400-406. [PMID: 32315243 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1758545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the influence of exercise on the body and genu of the corpus callosum (CC), which is a critical brain structure involved in facilitating interhemispheric communication. Methods: Studies were identified using electronic databases, including PubMed, PsychInfo, Sports Discus and Google Scholar. The search terms, including their combinations, included exercise, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, interhemispheric, and corpus callosum. To be eligible for inclusion in this review, studies had to be published in English; employ a cross-sectional, prospective or experimental design; include a measure of exercise as the independent variable; and the outcome variable had to include an integrity, volumetric or functional measure of the CC. Extraction parameters include study design, study population, exercise protocol, CC assessment, main findings regarding the relationship between exercise and the CC, and the evaluated or speculated mechanisms of this relationship. Results: 20 articles met the study inclusion criteria. Among these, 5 were conducted in animals and 15 were conducted in humans. Among the 5 animal studies, all provided suggestive evidence associating aerobic exercise with increased white matter integrity. Among the 15 human studies, 6 studies employed tract-based special statistics (TBSS), 4 utilized regions of interest (ROI) approach and 5 executed whole brain voxel wise analysis. Changes in the body was detected by 5 out of 6 TBSS studies and the genu by 3. Out of 4 ROI studies, three detected changes in the genu, but only one did in the body (out of 3 studies). One whole brain voxelwise study detected changes in the CC body of old adults and two found changes in the genu. Conclusion: This review provides evidence to suggest that aerobic exercise, and in turn, enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, are associated with structural and functional outcomes increasing CC integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Exercise & Memory Laboratory Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi , University, MS, USA
| | - Jacob Harper
- Exercise & Memory Laboratory Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi , University, MS, USA
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Digital Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Mississippi , University, MS, USA
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14
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Zhou M, Fukuoka Y, Goldberg K, Vittinghoff E, Aswani A. Applying machine learning to predict future adherence to physical activity programs. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:169. [PMID: 31438926 PMCID: PMC6704548 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying individuals who are unlikely to adhere to a physical exercise regime has potential to improve physical activity interventions. The aim of this paper is to develop and test adherence prediction models using objectively measured physical activity data in the Mobile Phone-Based Physical Activity Education program (mPED) trial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to apply Machine Learning methods to predict exercise relapse using accelerometer-recorded physical activity data. METHODS We use logistic regression and support vector machine methods to design two versions of a Discontinuation Prediction Score (DiPS), which uses objectively measured past data (e.g., steps and goal achievement) to provide a numerical quantity indicating the likelihood of exercise relapse in the upcoming week. The respective prediction accuracy of these two versions of DiPS are compared, and then numerical simulation is performed to explore the potential of using DiPS to selectively allocate financial incentives to participants to encourage them to increase physical activity. RESULTS we had access to a physical activity trial data that were continuously collected every 60 sec every day for 9 months in 210 participants. By using the first 15 weeks of data as training and test on weeks 16-30, we show that both versions of DiPS have a test AUC of 0.9 with high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the probability of exercise adherence. Simulation results assuming different intervention regimes suggest the potential benefit of using DiPS as a score to allocate resources in physical activity intervention programs in reducing costs over other allocation schemes. CONCLUSIONS DiPS is capable of making accurate and robust predictions for future weeks. The most predictive features are steps and physical activity intensity. Furthermore, the use of DiPS scores can be a promising approach to determine when or if to provide just-in-time messages and step goal adjustments to improve compliance. Further studies on the use of DiPS in the design of physical activity promotion programs are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01280812 Registered on January 21, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California at Berkeley, 4141 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Yoshimi Fukuoka
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, N631, San Francisco, 94143 USA
| | - Ken Goldberg
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research & Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, 425 Sutardja Dai Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1777 USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th. Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Anil Aswani
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California at Berkeley, 4119 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1777 USA
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15
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Hall PA, Bickel WK, Erickson KI, Wagner DD. Neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and population health: the neuroscience of chronic disease prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:240-256. [PMID: 29863790 PMCID: PMC6175225 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Preventable chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of countries throughout the world, and this trend will continue for the foreseeable future. The potential to offset the social, economic, and personal burdens associated with such conditions depends on our ability to influence people's thought processes, decisions, and behaviors, all of which can be understood with reference to the brain itself. Within the health neuroscience framework, the brain can be viewed as a predictor, mediator, moderator, or outcome in relation to health-related phenomena. This review explores examples of each of these, with specific reference to the primary prevention (i.e., prevention of initial onset) of chronic diseases. Within the topic of primary prevention, we touch on several cross-cutting themes (persuasive communications, delay discounting of rewards, and self-control), and place a special focus on obesity as a disorder influenced by both eating behavior and exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Hall
- School of Public Health and Health SystemsUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Warren K. Bickel
- Departments of PsychologyNeuroscience and Health Sciences, Virginia TechRoanokeVirginia
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
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16
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Rosso AL, Metti AL, Glynn NW, Boudreau RM, Rejeski WJ, Bohnen N, Chen H, Johannsen NM, King AC, Manini TM, Pahor M, Studenski SA, Fragoso CAV, Rosano C. Dopamine-Related Genotypes and Physical Activity Change During an Intervention: The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:1172-1179. [PMID: 29637543 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether intervention-induced physical activity (PA) changes in sedentary older adults differed according to dopamine-related genotype. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Trial (2010-13)). SETTING Multicenter study, 8 U.S. LOCATIONS PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of sedentary adults aged 70 to 89 at risk of disability (N=1635). INTERVENTIONS Structured PA versus health education (HE) for an average of 2.6 years. MEASUREMENTS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of dopamine-related genes (dopamine receptor (DR) D1, DRD2, DRD3, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)) were assessed. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was calculated using accelerometry (min/d) at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Between-arm MVPA differences according to genotype and genotype with square root-transformed MVPA separately according to arm were tested, stratified according to race, and adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS White participants in the PA arm (n=513) had higher average square root transformed MVPA (4.91±1.91)than those in the HE arm (n=538) (4.51±1.82) (p=.001). Between-arm differences were greater for DRD2 Met/Met (high dopamine; HE: 4.76±1.80, PA: 5.53±1.60, p=.03) than Val/Val (low dopamine; HE: 4.58±1.92, PA: 4.81±1.83, p=.16); results were similar for COMT. In the PA arm, DRD2 Met/Met was associated with higher average MVPA (5.39±2.00) than Met/Val (4.46±2.51) (p=.01) and Val/Val (4.65±2.71) (p=.01). There were no associations for other genes. Associations were not significant in blacks but followed similar trends. CONCLUSION Higher dopamine signaling may support changes in PA during an intervention. The role of dopamine-related pathways in promoting PA participation and enhancing response to interventions in sedentary older adults should be studied. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01072500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea L Metti
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W Jack Rejeski
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nicolaas Bohnen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Neil M Johannsen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Carlos A Vaz Fragoso
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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