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Bakhshipour F, Zibaei M, Rokni MB, Miahipour A, Firoozeh F, Beheshti M, Beikzadeh L, Alizadeh G, Aryaeipour M, Raissi V. Comparative evaluation of real-time PCR and ELISA for the detection of human fascioliasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3865. [PMID: 38366006 PMCID: PMC10873325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Fasciola species in humans and animals. Despite significant advances in vaccination and new therapeutic agents, little attention has been paid to validating methods for the diagnosis of fascioliasis in humans. Serological techniques are convenient assays that significantly improves the diagnosis of Fasciola infection. However, a more sensitive method is required. The aim of this study was to compare the Real-Time PCR technique with the indirect-ELISA for the detection of Fasciola hepatica in human. Using a panel of sera from patients infected with Fasciola hepatica (n = 51), other parasitic infections (n = 7), and uninfected controls (n = 12), we optimized an ELISA which employs an excretory-secretory antigens from F. hepatica for the detection of human fascioliasis. After DNA extraction from the samples, molecular analysis was done using Real-Time PCR technique based on the Fasciola ribosomal ITS1 sequence. Of 70 patient serum samples, 44 (62.86%) samples were identified as positive F. hepatica infection using ELISA and Real-Time PCR assays. There was no cross-reaction with other parasitic diseases such as toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, taeniasis, hydatidosis, trichinosis, toxocariasis, and strongyloidiasis. The significant difference between the agreement and similarity of the results of patients with indirect ELISA and Real-Time PCR was 94.4% and 99.2%, respectively (Cohen's kappa ≥ 0.7; P = 0.02). Based on the Kappa agreement findings, the significant agreement between the results of ELISA and Real-Time PCR indicates the accuracy and reliability of these tests in the diagnosis of F. hepatica in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bakhshipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 3149779453, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zibaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 3149779453, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Bagher Rokni
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Miahipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 3149779453, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Firoozeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoud Beheshti
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Beikzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gita Alizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Aryaeipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Raissi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Flores-Velázquez LM, Ruiz-Campillo MT, Herrera-Torres G, Martínez-Moreno Á, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Zafra R, Buffoni L, Rufino-Moya PJ, Molina-Hernández V, Pérez J. Fasciolosis: pathogenesis, host-parasite interactions, and implication in vaccine development. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1270064. [PMID: 38149297 PMCID: PMC10750376 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1270064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is distributed worldwide, causing substantial economic losses in the animal husbandry industry. Human fasciolosis is an emerging zoonosis in Andean America, Asia, and Africa. The control of the disease, both in humans and animals, is based on using anthelmintic drugs, which has resulted in increased resistance to the most effective anthelmintics, such as triclabendazole, in many countries. This, together with the concerns about drug residues in food and the environment, has increased the interest in preventive measures such as a vaccine to help control the disease in endemic areas. Despite important efforts over the past two decades and the work carried out with numerous vaccine candidates, none of them has demonstrated consistent and reproducible protection in target species. This is at least in part due to the high immunomodulation capacity of the parasite, making ineffective the host response in susceptible species such as ruminants. It is widely accepted that a deeper knowledge of the host-parasite interactions is needed for a more rational design of vaccine candidates. In recent years, the use of emerging technologies has notably increased the amount of data about these interactions. In the present study, current knowledge of host-parasite interactions and their implication in Fasciola hepatica vaccine development is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Flores-Velázquez
- Unidad de Anatomía, Histología y Patología Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - María Teresa Ruiz-Campillo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillem Herrera-Torres
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo José Rufino-Moya
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Área de Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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The Current Directions of Searching for Antiparasitic Drugs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051534. [PMID: 35268635 PMCID: PMC8912034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are still a huge problem for mankind. They are becoming the main cause of chronic diseases in the world. Migration of the population, pollution of the natural environment, and climate changes cause the rapid spread of diseases. Additionally, a growing resistance of parasites to drugs is observed. Many research groups are looking for effective antiparasitic drugs with low side effects. In this work, we present the current trends in the search for antiparasitic drugs. We report known drugs used in other disease entities with proven antiparasitic activity and research on new chemical structures that may be potential drugs in parasitic diseases. The described investigations of antiparasitic compounds can be helpful for further drug development.
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Torrús-Tendero D, Ramos-Rincón JM, Salvador F, Oliveira I, Llenas-García J, Arsuaga M, Crespillo-Andújar C, Pérez-Molina JA. Imported fascioliasis in Spain: Report of 12 cases from the +REDIVI collaborative network (2009–2019). Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 47:102286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Webb CM, Morales ML, Lopez M, Baca-Turpo B, Arque E, White AC, Cabada MM. Stunting in pre-school and school-age children in the Peruvian highlands and its association with Fasciola infection and demographic factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009519. [PMID: 34153050 PMCID: PMC8248620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic trematode infection that is endemic in the highlands of Peru. Chronic fascioliasis can be asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed for years. Chronic malnutrition in children, as manifested by stunting, leads to delayed cognitive development and lost productivity. We hypothesized that fascioliasis is among the factors associated with stunting in children from endemic areas. We conducted a cross-sectional study among children attending pre-school and school in 26 communities in the Anta province in the Cusco region of Peru. We conducted interviews to collect information on demographic, socioeconomic, and medical history. Blood was collected and tested for complete cell count and FAS2 ELISA for Fasciola antibodies. Three stool samples per participant were tested for parasites by Kato-Katz and Lumbreras rapid sedimentation methods. Chronic fascioliasis was determined by the presence of ova in stool. Children's height, weight, and age were recorded and used to calculate height for age Z scores (HAZ). Three thousand children participated in the study. Nine percent (264) of children had at least one positive test for Fasciola infection, 6% (164) had chronic fascioliasis, and 3% (102) had only positive antibody tests. The median HAZ was -1.41 (IQR: -2.03 to -0.81) and was similar in males and females. Twenty six percent (776) of children had stunting with HAZ < -2. Children with chronic fascioliasis had a lower median HAZ than children without Fasciola (-1.54 vs. -1.4, p = 0.014). History of treatment for malnutrition, history of treatment for anemia, having other helminths in stool, lower socioeconomic score, living at a higher elevation, and fewer years of schooling of both parents were associated with a lower HAZ score. In a multiple regression analysis, older age and a lower socioeconomic score were associated with a lower HAZ score. While fascioliasis and other helminths were associated with lower HAZ, they were not independent of the socioeconomic score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M. Webb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Maria Luisa Morales
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
- UPCH–UTMB Collaborative Research Center—Cusco, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Martha Lopez
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
- UPCH–UTMB Collaborative Research Center—Cusco, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Benicia Baca-Turpo
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
- UPCH–UTMB Collaborative Research Center—Cusco, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Eulogia Arque
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
- UPCH–UTMB Collaborative Research Center—Cusco, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - A. Clinton White
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
- UPCH–UTMB Collaborative Research Center—Cusco, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Miguel M. Cabada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
- UPCH–UTMB Collaborative Research Center—Cusco, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
- * E-mail:
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Machicado C, Soto MP, La Chira LF, Torres J, Mendoza C, Marcos LA. In silico prediction of secretory proteins of Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica that target the host cell nucleus. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07204. [PMID: 34337171 PMCID: PMC8318992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver flukes Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are causing agents of liver and hepatobiliary diseases. A remarkable difference between such worms is the fact that O. viverrini and C. sinensis are carcinogenic organisms whereas F. hepatica is not carcinogenic. The release of secretory factors by carcinogenic flukes seems to contribute to cancer development however if some of these target the host cell nuclei is unknown. We investigated the existence of O. viverrini and C. sinensis secretory proteins that target the nucleus of host cells and compared these with the corresponding proteins predicted in F. hepatica. Here we applied an algorithm composed by in silico approaches that screened and analyzed the potential genes predicted from genomes of liver flukes. We found 31 and 22 secretory proteins that target the nucleus of host cells in O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively, and that have no homologs in F. hepatica. These polypeptides have enriched the transcription initiation process and nucleic acid binding in O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively. In addition, other 11 secretory proteins of O. viverrini and C. sinensis, that target the nucleus of host cells, had F. hepatica homologs, have enriched RNA processing function. In conclusion, O. viverrini and C. sinensis have 31 and 22 genes, respectively, that may be involved in their carcinogenic action through a direct targeting on the host cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Machicado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru.,Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Soto
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología Molecular y Farmacología Experimental, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José, San Jose s/n, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Luis Felipe La Chira
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Joel Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Carlos Germán Amezaga 375, Cercado de Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II, Trujillo, 13011, Peru
| | - Luis A Marcos
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, Stony Brook, USA
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Alba A, Vazquez AA, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview. Parasitology 2021; 148:385-407. [PMID: 33261674 PMCID: PMC11010171 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing distribution and prevalence of fasciolosis in both human and livestock are concerning. Here, we examine the various types of factors influencing fasciolosis transmission and burden and the interrelations that may exist between them. We present the arsenal of molecules, 'adjusting' capabilities and parasitic strategies of Fasciola to infect. Such features define the high adaptability of Fasciola species for parasitism that facilitate their transmission. We discuss current environmental perturbations (increase of livestock and land use, climate change, introduction of alien species and biodiversity loss) in relation to fasciolosis dynamics. As Fasciola infection is directly and ultimately linked to livestock management, living conditions and cultural habits, which are also changing under the pressure of globalization and climate change, the social component of transmission is also discussed. Lastly, we examine the implication of increasing scientific and political awareness in highlighting the current circulation of fasciolosis and boosting epidemiological surveys and novel diagnostic techniques. From a joint perspective, it becomes clear that factors weight differently at each place and moment, depending on the biological, environmental, social and political interrelating contexts. Therefore, the analyses of a disease as complex as fasciolosis should be as integrative as possible to dissect the realities featuring each epidemiological scenario. Such a comprehensive appraisal is presented in this review and constitutes its main asset to serve as a fresh integrative understanding of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
| | - Antonio A. Vazquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Gandhi P, Schmitt EK, Chen CW, Samantray S, Venishetty VK, Hughes D. Triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis: a review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 113:797-804. [PMID: 31638149 PMCID: PMC6906998 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis occurs on all inhabited continents. It is caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, trematode parasites with complex life cycles, and primarily affects domestic livestock. Humans become infected after ingestion of contaminated food (typically wild aquatic vegetables) or water. Fascioliasis may be difficult to diagnose as many symptoms are non-specific (e.g. fever, abdominal pain and anorexia). Treatment options are limited, with older effective therapies such as emetine and bithionol no longer used due to safety issues and unavailability, and most common anthelminthics having poor efficacy. Clinical trials conducted over a 25-year period, together with numerous case reports, demonstrated that triclabendazole has high efficacy in the treatment of human fascioliasis in adults and children and in all stages and forms of infection. Triclabendazole was approved for human use in Egypt in 1997 and in France in 2002 and a donation program for the treatment of fascioliasis in endemic countries was subsequently established by the manufacturer and administered by the World Health Organization. Here the published data on triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis are reviewed, with a focus on more recent data, in light of the 2019 US Food and Drug Administration approval of the drug for use in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Gandhi
- Global Health Development Unit, Forum 3, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Lichtstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther K Schmitt
- Global Health Development Unit, Forum 3, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Lichtstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza-315/5320 B, East Hanover NJ, 07936 USA
| | - Sanjay Samantray
- Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Salarpuria-Sattva Knowledge City, Inorbit Mall Rd, Silpa Gram Craft Village, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana 500081, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Venishetty
- Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Salarpuria-Sattva Knowledge City, Inorbit Mall Rd, Silpa Gram Craft Village, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana 500081, India
| | - David Hughes
- Global Health Development Unit, Forum 3, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Lichtstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Incidencia y distribución geográfica de pacientes hospitalizados con fascioliasis en España. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 38:257-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Najib MA, Izani NJN, Amilah WAWWN, Faez AM, Shafizol Z. A Scoping Review of the Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Malaysia and Risk Factors for Infection. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:22-36. [PMID: 32158342 PMCID: PMC7053545 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ruminant and human fascioliasis in Malaysia and to identify research gaps in knowledge of the prevalence of fascioliasis in Malaysia and risk factors for the disease using available evidence-based data. We conducted a scoping review based on the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used to guide the review process. The citation search was performed between May and September 2018. Using specific keywords, literature published between 1998 to September 2018 was retrieved from electronic databases. Six articles related to fascioliasis in Malaysia were included in the final review from 1,932 screened articles and reports. Five studies focused on ruminants, including cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats in the states of Terengganu and Perak. The most frequent ruminant fascioliasis outbreaks involved cattle and goats, with a prevalence of 82%-95% and these outbreaks occurred in Terengganu. Only one study examined the risk of fascioliasis in cattle. In the study, the age and sex of the cattle were important risk-related parameters. The search returned only one documented report of a suspected case of human fascioliasis with an atypical clinical presentation. At present, human fascioliasis in Malaysia remains under-reported and its prevalence remains unknown. The data summarised in this review based on existing evidence identifies research gaps on fascioliasis in ruminants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arizam Muhamad Faez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zainuddin Shafizol
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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11
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Cabada MM, Morales ML, Webb CM, Yang L, Bravenec CA, Lopez M, Bascope R, White AC, Gotuzzo E. Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Fasciola hepatica Infection Among Children from 26 Communities of the Cusco Region of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:1180-1185. [PMID: 30226136 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is the most widely distributed trematode-affecting humans. The Andes Mountains are highly endemic for fascioliasis. We report results of a cross-sectional study evaluating the epidemiology of Fasciola among children in 26 agricultural communities in the Cusco region of Peru. Children 3 to 16 years old were enrolled in preschools and schools. Blood from participants was tested for complete blood counts, transaminases, and Fasciola antibodies. Stool samples were tested for Fasciola and other parasites. A total of 2,515 children were included in the analysis and the mean age was 9.6 years (±3.6). Ten percent (253) of the children had at least one positive test for Fasciola, 6% had chronic infection, and 0.4% acute infection. The rest of the subjects had only antibodies against Fasciola. The prevalence of infection varied from 0% to 20% between communities. Children with evidence of Fasciola exposure were older, lived at higher altitudes, and had a lower socioeconomic status than children without infection. The logistic regression analysis showed that children from Ancahuasi district, older children, and children with higher measures of poverty were more likely to have Fasciola exposure. Fascioliasis is common in the Cusco region and associated with poverty. However, the distribution varies markedly between communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Cabada
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco Branch, Peru.,Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Maria Luisa Morales
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco Branch, Peru
| | - Camille M Webb
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Logan Yang
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Chelsey A Bravenec
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Martha Lopez
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco Branch, Peru
| | - Ruben Bascope
- Zoonosis Unit, Direccion Regional de Salud del Cusco, Ministerio de Salud, Cusco, Peru
| | - A Clinton White
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Alexander von Humboldt Tropical Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco Branch, Peru
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12
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Liver Calcifications and Calcified Liver Masses: Pattern Recognition Approach on CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 211:76-86. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Crusco A, Bordoni C, Chakroborty A, Whatley KCL, Whiteland H, Westwell AD, Hoffmann KF. Design, synthesis and anthelmintic activity of 7-keto-sempervirol analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:87-100. [PMID: 29698860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The plant-derived, diterpenoid 7-keto-sempervirol was recently reported to display moderate activity against larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni (IC50 = 19.1 μM) and Fasciola hepatica (IC50 = 17.7 μM), two related parasitic blood and liver flukes responsible for the neglected tropical diseases schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, respectively. Here, we aimed to increase the potency of 7-keto-sempervirol by total synthesis of 30 structural analogues. Subsequent screening of these new diterpenoids against juvenile and adult lifecycle stages of both parasites as well as the human HepG2 liver cell line and the bovine MDBK kidney cell line revealed structure-activity relationship trends. The most active analogue, 7d, displayed improved dual anthelmintic activity over 7-keto-sempervirol (IC50 ≈ 6 μM for larval blood flukes; IC50 ≈ 3 μM for juvenile liver flukes) and moderate selectivity (SI ≈ 4-5 for blood flukes, 8-13 for liver flukes compared to HepG2 and MDBK cells, respectively). Phenotypic studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed substantial tegumental alterations in both helminth species, supporting the hypothesis that the parasite surface is one of the main targets of this family of molecules. Further modifications of 7d could lead to greater potency and selectivity metrics resulting in a new class of broad-spectrum anthelmintic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Crusco
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Bordoni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Anand Chakroborty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Kezia C L Whatley
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Whiteland
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom.
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Novel triclabendazole prodrug: A highly water soluble alternative for the treatment of fasciolosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:616-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Diemert DJ. Cestode and Trematode Infections. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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16
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Shin SH, Hsu A, Chastain HM, Cruz LA, Elder ES, Sapp SGH, McAuliffe I, Espino AM, Handali S. Development of Two FhSAP2 Recombinant-Based Assays for Immunodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:852-855. [PMID: 27549636 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, infection with Fasciola hepatica has been identified as an emerging disease, primarily in immigrants, refugees, and travelers. The laboratory test of choice for diagnosis of fascioliasis is detection of disease specific antibodies, most commonly uses excretory-secretory antigens for detection of IgG antibodies. Recently, recombinant proteins such as F. hepatica antigen (FhSAP2) have been used to detect IgG antibodies. The glutathione S-transferase (GST)-FhSAP2 recombinant antigen was used to develop Western blot (WB) and fluorescent bead-based (Luminex) assays to detect F. hepatica total IgG and IgG4 antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of GST-FhSAP2 total IgG and IgG4 WB were similar at 94% and 98%, respectively. For the IgG Luminex assay, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 97%, and for the IgG4, the values were 100% and 99%, respectively. In conclusion, the GST-FhSAP2 antigen performs well in several assay formats and can be used for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Shin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angel Hsu
- Emory College, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Holly M Chastain
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lorna A Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eric S Elder
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Isabel McAuliffe
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ana M Espino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sukwan Handali
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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17
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Characterization of a Fasciola gigantica protein carrying two DM9 domains reveals cellular relocalization property. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 205:6-15. [PMID: 26946400 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Even at the present age of whole-organism analysis, e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, the biological roles of many proteins remain unresolved. Classified among the proteins of unknown function is a family of proteins harboring repeats of the DM9 domain, a 60-75 amino acids motif first described in a small number of Drosophila melanogaster proteins. Proteins may carry two or more DM9 domains either in combination with other domains or as their sole constituent. Here we have characterized a 16.8 kDa Fasciola gigantica protein comprising two tandem repeated DM9 domains (FgDM9-1). The protein was located in the parenchyma of the immature and mature parasite and consequently it was not detected in the ES product of the parasite but only in the whole worm extract. Interestingly, extraction with SDS yielded a substantially higher amount of the protein suggesting association with insoluble cell components. In Sf9 insect cells a heterologously expressed EGFP-FgDM9-1 chimera showed cell-wide distribution but relocated to vesicle-like structures in the cytoplasm after stimulating cellular stress by bacteria, heat shock or chloroquine. These structures did not colocalize with the markers of endocytosis/phagocytosis ubiquitin, RAB7, GABARAP. The same behavior was noted for Aedes aegypti PRS1, a homologous mosquito DM9 protein as a positive control while EGFP did not exhibit such relocation in the insect cells. Cross-linking experiments on soluble recombinant FgDM9-1 indicated that the protein can undergo specific oligomerization. It is speculated that proteins carrying the DM9 domain have a role in vesicular transport in flatworms and insects.
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18
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Figtree M, Beaman MH, Lee R, Porter M, Torey E, Hugh TJ, Hudson BJ. Fascioliasis in Australian travellers to Bali. Med J Aust 2015; 203:186-8. [PMID: 26268290 DOI: 10.5694/mja15.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rogan Lee
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Eric Torey
- Peninsula General Surgery, Mornington, VIC
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Edwards J, Brown M, Peak E, Bartholomew B, Nash RJ, Hoffmann KF. The diterpenoid 7-keto-sempervirol, derived from Lycium chinense, displays anthelmintic activity against both Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003604. [PMID: 25768432 PMCID: PMC4358835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two platyhelminths of biomedical and commercial significance are Schistosoma mansoni (blood fluke) and Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke). These related trematodes are responsible for the chronic neglected tropical diseases schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, respectively. As no vaccine is currently available for anti-flukicidal immunoprophylaxis, current treatment is mediated by mono-chemical chemotherapy in the form of mass drug administration (MDA) (praziquantel for schistosomiasis) or drenching (triclabendazole for fascioliasis) programmes. This overreliance on single chemotherapeutic classes has dramatically limited the number of novel chemical entities entering anthelmintic drug discovery pipelines, raising significant concerns for the future of sustainable blood and liver fluke control. Methodology/ Principle Findings Here we demonstrate that 7-keto-sempervirol, a diterpenoid isolated from Lycium chinense, has dual anthelmintic activity against related S. mansoni and F. hepatica trematodes. Using a microtiter plate-based helminth fluorescent bioassay (HFB), this activity is specific (Therapeutic index = 4.2, when compared to HepG2 cell lines) and moderately potent (LD50 = 19.1 μM) against S. mansoni schistosomula cultured in vitro. This anti-schistosomula effect translates into activity against both adult male and female schistosomes cultured in vitro where 7-keto-sempervirol negatively affects motility/behaviour, surface architecture (inducing tegumental holes, tubercle swelling and spine loss/shortening), oviposition rates and egg morphology. As assessed by the HFB and microscopic phenotypic scoring matrices, 7-keto-sempervirol also effectively kills in vitro cultured F. hepatica newly excysted juveniles (NEJs, LD50 = 17.7 μM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of adult F. hepatica liver flukes co-cultured in vitro with 7-keto-sempervirol additionally demonstrates phenotypic abnormalities including breaches in tegumental integrity and spine loss. Conclusions/ Significance 7-keto-sempervirol negatively affects the viability and phenotype of two related pathogenic trematodes responsible for significant human and animal infectious diseases. This plant-derived, natural product is also active against both larval and adult developmental forms. As such, the data collectively indicate that 7-keto-sempervirol is an important starting point for anthelmintic drug development. Medicinal chemistry optimisation of more potent 7-keto-sempervirol analogues could lead to the identification of novel chemical entities useful for future combinatorial or replacement anthelmintic control. Schistosomiasis and fascioliasis are caused by two related trematodes found within the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms), and are classified as neglected diseases of poverty due to their effects on people living in the most underprivileged areas of the world. With no vaccine currently near development, and the existing strategy for global control based on the over-reliance on single-class chemotherapies, there is an urgent requirement for the identification of next generation anthelmintics. Here we demonstrate that 7-keto-sempervirol, a natural product derived from Lycium chinense, displays dual anthelmintic activity towards both Schistosoma mansoni (causative agent of schistosomiasis) and Fasciola hepatica (causative agent of fascioliasis). Utilising objective and phenotypic matrices, we show this activity to be selective (compared to a human cell line) and moderately potent against S. mansoni and F. hepatica larvae. This anti-larval effect translates into additional activity against both S. mansoni and F. hepatica adults where 7-keto-sempervirol induces phenotypic abnormalities including tegumental damage, motility disruption and oviposition inhibition. Due to 7-keto-sempervirol’s anthelmintic activity against multiple life stages of two parasitic trematodes, we contend that this starting chemical scaffold could be used to develop more effective compounds useful in controlling important parasites of biomedical and commercial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Peak
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert J. Nash
- Phytoquest Ltd, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Karl F. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Cabada MM, Goodrich MR, Graham B, Villanueva-Meyer PG, Lopez M, Arque E, White AC. Fascioliasis and eosinophilia in the highlands of Cuzco, Peru and their association with water and socioeconomic factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:989-93. [PMID: 25200257 PMCID: PMC4228897 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data about the epidemiology of fascioliasis in Cuzco, Peru. We studied children 3-12 years old from six communities in the highlands of Cuzco to evaluate the epidemiology of fascioliasis; 227 children were included, one-half were female, the mean age was 7.5 (±2.6) years, and 46.2±% had one or more parasites, including Fasciola (9.7%), Ascaris (12.8%), Hymenolepis (9.3%), Trichuris (1.3%), hookworm (1.8%), Strongyloides (0.9%), and Giardia (27.8%). Fasciola was associated with the number of siblings in the household, drinking untreated water, and giardiasis. Eosinophilia was encountered in 21% of children and more common in those drinking untreated water at home and those infected with a parasite, but the differences were not significant. Eating water plants was not associated with Fasciola or eosinophilia. Fascioliasis and eosinophilia were common in the highlands of Cuzco. Fascioliasis was associated with socioeconomic factors and drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Cabada
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center-Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Mary R Goodrich
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center-Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Brittany Graham
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center-Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Pablo G Villanueva-Meyer
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center-Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Martha Lopez
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center-Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Eulogia Arque
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center-Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - A Clinton White
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center-Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Matthews
- Disease Control; Moredun Research Institute; Edinburgh UK
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22
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Immunodetection of Fasciola gigantica circulating antigen in sera of infected individuals for laboratory diagnosis of human fascioliasis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1569-77. [PMID: 23945158 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00305-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the laboratory diagnosis of human fascioliasis is based on the parasitological examination of parasite eggs in stool specimens and serological detection of specific antibodies in serum samples, which are often unreliable diagnostic approaches. Ideally, a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for Fasciola infection should be based on the detection of circulating Fasciola antigen, which implies active infection. Here, a 27-kDa-molecular-mass antigen was identified in a Fasciola gigantica adult worm antigen preparation, excretory-secretory products, and sera from F. gigantica-infected individuals, and it was not detected in antigenic extracts of other parasites and sera from noninfected individuals. The target antigen was isolated and partially characterized as a protein. Immunoperoxidase staining located the target epitope within teguments and guts of F. gigantica adult worms. The performance characteristics of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on F. gigantica circulating antigen detection in serum (FgCA-27 ELISA) were investigated using sera of 120 parasitologically diagnosed F. gigantica-infected individuals and 80 noninfected individuals. The area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for ELISA was significantly high (AUC = 0.961, P < 0.0001) for discriminating Fasciola-infected and noninfected individuals. The developed assay showed high degrees of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency (>93%), and a significant correlation (r = 0.715, P < 0.0001) between antigen level and parasite egg count was shown. In conclusion, a 27-kDa Fasciola antigen was identified in sera of F. gigantica-infected individuals. A highly sensitive and specific Fasciola antigen detection assay, FgCA-27 ELISA, was developed for laboratory diagnosis of human fascioliasis.
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Weisenberg SA, Perlada DE. Domestically acquired fascioliasis in northern California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:588-91. [PMID: 23836562 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of domestically acquired fascioliasis are reported. Patient One was a 63-year-old male who developed a febrile illness 2 months after eating watercress in Marin County. Patient Two was a 38-year-old male who had eaten watercress with Patient One, and also developed a febrile illness. Both patients had eosinophilia and liver lesions on imaging. Diagnosis was made by serology and treatment was with triclabendazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Weisenberg
- Associated Internal Medicine Medical Group, Inc., 350 30th Street, Ste. 320, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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